[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 86 (Thursday, May 4, 2023)]
[Notices]
[Pages 28645-28650]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2023-09446]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-97403; File No. SR-FINRA-2023-008]


Self-Regulatory Organizations; Financial Industry Regulatory 
Authority, Inc.; Notice of Filing of a Proposed Rule Change To Amend 
FINRA Rules 1015, 9261, 9341, 9524, 9830 and Funding Portal Rule 900 
(Code of Procedure) To Permit Hearings Under Those Rules To Be 
Conducted by Video Conference

April 28, 2023.
    Pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 
(``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ notice is hereby given that 
on April 26, 2023, the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. 
(``FINRA'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (``SEC'' 
or ``Commission'') the proposed rule change as described in Items I, 
II, and III below, which Items have been prepared by FINRA. The 
Commission is publishing this notice to solicit comments on the 
proposed rule change from interested persons.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

I. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Terms of Substance 
of the Proposed Rule Change

    FINRA is proposing to amend FINRA Rules 1015, 9261, 9341, 9524 and 
9830 and Funding Portal Rule 900 to allow for video conference hearings 
before the Office of Hearing Officers (``OHO'') and the National 
Adjudicatory Council (``NAC'') under specified conditions.
    The text of the proposed rule change is available on FINRA's 
website at http://www.finra.org, at the principal office of FINRA and 
at the Commission's Public Reference Room.

II. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and 
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

    In its filing with the Commission, FINRA included statements 
concerning the purpose of and basis for the proposed rule change and 
discussed any comments it received on the proposed rule change. The 
text of these statements may be examined at the places specified in 
Item IV below. FINRA has prepared summaries, set forth in sections A, 
B, and C below, of the most significant aspects of such statements.

A. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement of the Purpose of, and 
Statutory Basis for, the Proposed Rule Change

1. Purpose
    Due to the COVID-19 global health crisis, FINRA administratively 
postponed in-person hearings for over six months beginning in March of 
2020, which resulted in an expanding backlog of cases that could have 
compromised FINRA's ability to provide timely adjudicatory processes 
and fulfill its statutory obligations to protect investors and maintain 
fair and orderly markets. To address that backlog and mitigate the 
consequences of a stalled adjudicatory system, FINRA adopted temporary 
rules that allow OHO and the NAC to order, without a motion, hearings 
to proceed by video conference based on public health risks related to 
COVID-19.\3\ These were extended several times due to the continuing 
public health risks and logistical challenges related to COVID-19, 
including whether hearing participants could safely travel and abide by 
state or local quarantine requirements.\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \3\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 88917 (May 20, 
2020), 85 FR 31832 (May 27, 2020) (Notice of Filing and Immediate 
Effectiveness of File No. SR-FINRA-2020-015) and Securities Exchange 
Act Release No. 89737 (September 2, 2020), 85 FR 55712 (September 9, 
2020) (Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of File No. SR-
FINRA-2020-027).
    \4\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 90619 (December 9, 
2020), 85 FR 81250 (December 15, 2020) (Notice of Filing and 
Immediate Effectiveness of File No. SR-FINRA-2020-042); Securities 
Exchange Act Release No. 91495 (April 7, 2021), 86 FR 19306 (April 
13, 2021) (Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of File No. 
SR-FINRA-2021-006); Securities Exchange Act Release No. 92685 
(August 17, 2021), 86 FR 47169 (August 23, 2021) (Notice of Filing 
and Immediate Effectiveness of File No. SR-FINRA-2021-019); 
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 93758 (December 13, 2021), 86 FR 
71695 (December 17, 2021) (Notice of Filing and Immediate 
Effectiveness of File No. SR-FINRA-2021-031); Securities Exchange 
Act Release No. 94430 (March 16, 2022), 87 FR 16262 (March 22, 2022) 
(Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of File No. SR-FINRA-
2022-004); Securities Exchange Act Release No. 95281 (July 14, 
2022), 87 FR 43335 (July 20, 2022) (Notice of Filing and Immediate 
Effectiveness of File No. SR-FINRA-2022-018); Securities Exchange 
Act Release No. 96107 (October 19, 2022), 87 FR 64526 (October 25, 
2022) (Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of File No. SR-
FINRA-2022-029); and Securities Exchange Act Release No. 96746 
(January 25, 2023), 88 FR 6346 (January 31, 2023) (Notice of Filing 
and Immediate Effectiveness of File No. SR-FINRA-2023-001); see also 
supra note 3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FINRA is proposing to make the temporary amendments regarding video 
conference hearings permanent, with some modifications that would allow 
for the use of video conference for reasons in addition to COVID-19.\5\ 
The use of

[[Page 28646]]

video conference technology in OHO and NAC hearings under the temporary 
amendments has demonstrated that video is an effective and efficient 
alternative to in-person hearings.\6\ FINRA has used high quality, 
secure and user-friendly technology to allow for hearings conducted by 
video conference to parallel the experience of conducting hearings in 
person.\7\ This technology was crucial in enabling OHO and the NAC to 
timely resolve pending cases when it was unsafe to conduct hearings in 
person.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \5\ For ease of reference in this filing, FINRA refers to the 
pre-pandemic rules as ``original rules'' and to the temporary 
changes to the original rules as ``temporary amendments.''
    \6\ Since the temporary amendments were implemented, OHO and the 
NAC have conducted numerous hearings by video conference. As of 
March 31, 2023, OHO has conducted 18 disciplinary hearings by video 
conference (decisions have been issued in all but one of these 
cases). Also, as of March 31, 2023, the NAC, through the relevant 
Subcommittee, has conducted 19 oral arguments by video conference in 
connection with appeals of FINRA disciplinary proceedings pursuant 
to FINRA Rule 9341(d), as temporarily amended. Furthermore, the NAC 
has conducted via video conference a one-day evidentiary hearing in 
a membership application proceeding pursuant to FINRA Rule 1015, as 
temporarily amended. The NAC also has conducted via video conference 
three evidentiary hearings in eligibility matters pursuant to FINRA 
Rule 9524, as temporarily amended.
    \7\ Under the temporary amendments, FINRA has conducted video 
conference hearings using Zoom, which has been vetted by FINRA's 
information technology staff. The platform and procedures for 
conducting video conference hearings under the temporary amendments 
are described in SR-FINRA-2020-027, supra note 3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FINRA believes that the use of video conference technology has 
improved FINRA's operations during the COVID-19 pandemic, and the 
proposed rule change will continue to improve and modernize FINRA's 
operations so that parties, panelists, and FINRA staff may proceed 
expeditiously by video conference in the event of certain 
circumstances, including where unforeseen events make appearing in 
person difficult or impracticable. As described below, impracticability 
is intended to account for an uncommon situation or extraordinary 
circumstance.
Background
    OHO conducts hearings in disciplinary proceedings \8\ and hearings 
for temporary and permanent cease and desist orders (``TCDOs'' and 
``PCDOs'').\9\ When orders in disciplinary proceedings are appealed, 
the NAC holds hearings on oral argument.\10\ The NAC also conducts 
hearings in membership proceedings,\11\ eligibility proceedings,\12\ 
and Funding Portal eligibility proceedings.\13\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \8\ See FINRA Rule 9261. The FINRA Rule 9200 Series sets forth 
the procedures for disciplinary proceedings initiated by the 
Department of Enforcement against any FINRA member or associated 
person for alleged violation of any rule, regulation, or statutory 
provision that FINRA has jurisdiction to enforce, including the 
federal securities laws and the regulations thereunder.
    \9\ See FINRA Rule 9830. The FINRA Rule 9800 Series sets forth 
the procedures for TCDO and PCDO proceedings. These provide a 
mechanism to take necessary remedial action against a member or 
associated person where there is a significant risk that the alleged 
misconduct could cause continuing harm to the investing public, if 
not addressed expeditiously.
    \10\ See FINRA Rule 9341. The FINRA Rule 9300 Series sets forth 
the procedures for review of disciplinary proceedings by the NAC.
    \11\ See FINRA Rule 1015. The FINRA Rule 1000 Series governs, 
among other things, the process for (i) applying for FINRA 
membership; (ii) FINRA members to seek approval of a change in 
ownership, control or business operations, and (iii) an applicant to 
request that the NAC review a FINRA decision rendered under the Rule 
1000 Series.
    \12\ See FINRA Rule 9524. The FINRA Rule 9520 Series sets forth 
the procedures for eligibility proceedings and review of those 
proceedings by the NAC and FINRA Board.
    \13\ See FINRA Funding Portal Rule 900. Funding portal members 
are subject to the FINRA Rule 9000 Series, except for the FINRA Rule 
9520 Series, FINRA Rule 9557, FINRA Rule 9561, and the FINRA Rule 
9700 Series and specified provisions, as set forth under Funding 
Portal Rule 900, written specifically for funding portals. See 
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 76970 (January 22, 2016), 81 FR 
4931 (January 28, 2016) (Order Approving File No. SR-FINRA-2015-
040). Paragraph (b) of Funding Portal Rule 900 was established as a 
streamlined version of the FINRA Rule 9520 Series and sets forth the 
procedures for funding portal eligibility proceedings. Although 
paragraph (b) was not temporarily amended, FINRA includes it in this 
filing so that the procedures for funding portal eligibility 
proceedings are aligned with eligibility proceedings under the FINRA 
Rule 9520 Series. The proposed rule change would allow for both of 
those types of hearings to be conducted by video conference.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Under the original rules, such hearings were generally conducted in 
person.\14\ The temporary amendments give OHO and the NAC authority 
\15\ to conduct hearings, in whole or in part, by video conference if 
warranted by the current public health risks presented by an in-person 
hearing.\16\ Since 2020, such public health risks have related to the 
COVID-19 pandemic.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ Telephonic testimony and hearings are explicitly permitted 
in expedited proceedings. See FINRA Rule 9559(d)(5) (expedited 
proceedings ``shall be held by telephone conference, unless the 
Hearing Officer orders otherwise for good cause shown'').
    \15\ For OHO hearings, the Chief or Deputy Chief Hearing Officer 
has such authority; for NAC hearings, the NAC or relevant 
Subcommittee has such authority.
    \16\ See supra note 3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Under the proposed rule change, OHO and the NAC's authority to 
order hearings by video conference would extend beyond the public 
health risks posed by COVID-19 to other similar situations in which 
proceeding in person may endanger the health or safety of the 
participants or would be impracticable. For example, appearing in 
person may be impracticable in the event of a natural disaster or 
terrorist attack that caused travel to be cancelled for a period of 
time.
    In addition, the proposed rule change would differ from the 
temporary amendments in two respects. First, under the proposed rule 
change, OHO and the NAC would also have authority to order hearings to 
occur by video conference based on a motion. Second, the proposed rule 
change would provide more flexibility for using video conference for 
oral arguments in appeals from disciplinary proceedings than for 
evidentiary hearings due to the differences between those types of 
hearings.\17\ As explained below, the motion requirements and the 
standard that the Adjudicator would follow when exercising authority 
under the proposed rule change differ somewhat depending on the type of 
hearing involved.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \17\ For ease of reference, ``evidentiary hearings'' refers to 
hearings conducted before OHO under FINRA Rules 9261 and 9830, and 
the NAC under FINRA Rules 1015, 9524, and Funding Portal Rule 900. 
``Oral argument'' refers to hearings conducted before the NAC in 
appeals from disciplinary proceedings under Rule 9341. See supra 
notes 8-13 and accompanying text.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As with the temporary amendments, under the proposed rule change, 
in-person hearings will remain the default method for hearings before 
OHO and the NAC, and their exercise of authority under the proposed 
rule change would be discretionary. In-person hearings may take place 
where safe and appropriate.
    FINRA's protocols for conducting hearings by video conference will 
be the same as under the temporary amendments. FINRA would, among other 
things, use a high quality, secure and user-friendly video conferencing 
service and provide thorough instructions, training, and technical 
support to all hearing participants.
    The proposed rule changes with respect to evidentiary hearings and 
oral argument are discussed, in turn, below.
Evidentiary Hearings Before OHO and the NAC
    For evidentiary hearings, the proposed rule change would give OHO 
or the NAC authority to order an evidentiary hearing to occur by video 
conference, in whole or in part, if OHO or the NAC determines that 
proceeding in person may endanger the health or safety of the 
participants or would be impracticable, as described above. OHO and the 
NAC would have such authority on their own (i.e., sua sponte).\18\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \18\ OHO and the NAC would have such authority over the 
objection of a party. The same is true under the temporary 
amendments. See SR-FINRA-2020-027, supra note 3.

---------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 28647]]

    In addition, under the proposed rule change, parties could file a 
joint motion requesting the hearing to occur, in whole or in part, by 
video conference based on a showing of good cause. Due to the nature of 
evidentiary hearings, which often occur over multiple days and 
generally include numerous documents in evidence and witness testimony, 
the proposed rule change would require any motions for a hearing by 
video conference to be joined by all parties, and even joint motions 
may be denied if the Adjudicator determines that good cause has not 
been shown.\19\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \19\ FINRA notes that its current practice is to allow witnesses 
in an otherwise in-person hearing to appear by video conference. In 
evidentiary hearings, a party may file a motion to offer witness 
testimony by telephone or video conference. Further, even prior to 
the COVID-19 pandemic, Adjudicators have allowed telephone 
participation by witnesses who are unable or unwilling to appear in 
person, such as customers over whom FINRA does not have jurisdiction 
and therefore cannot compel testimony under FINRA Rule 8210.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Whether acting on its own or based on a joint motion of the 
parties, OHO and the NAC would have reasonable discretion to exercise 
their authority under the proposed rule change. In deciding whether to 
schedule a hearing by video conference, OHO and the NAC could consider 
and balance a variety of factors including, for example and without 
limitation, a hearing participant's individual health concerns and 
access to the connectivity and technology necessary to participate in a 
video conference hearing.
Oral Argument Before the NAC
    The proposed rule change would give the NAC authority to order an 
oral argument hearing to occur by video conference, in whole or in 
part, if it determines that proceeding in person may endanger the 
health or safety of the participants or would be impracticable. The NAC 
would have such authority on its own.
    In addition, under the proposed rule change, the NAC would have 
authority--on its own or on consideration of a motion by any party--to 
order oral argument to occur by video conference, in whole or in part, 
for other reasons (i.e., reasons not limited to public health, safety 
or impracticability). Under such circumstances, an opposing party would 
have the opportunity to demonstrate that the hearing should proceed in 
person because proceeding by video conference would materially 
disadvantage that party. Whether a party has shown material 
disadvantage would depend on the facts and circumstances. 
Considerations may include, for example and without limitation, case 
complexity, the issues on appeal, and whether the respondent is pro se 
and desires to appear in person.
    Under the proposed rule change, the NAC would have greater 
flexibility to allow oral argument to occur by video conference than 
evidentiary hearings, with an additional safeguard for parties who 
believe that holding oral argument by video conference would materially 
disadvantage them. The proposal as to NAC oral argument thus differs 
from the proposal for evidentiary hearings in three respects: (1) it 
would give the NAC sua sponte authority to order oral argument hearings 
to occur by video conference for reasons other than public health, 
safety, or impracticability; (2) it would allow for motions by a single 
party rather than joint; and (3) under either of those circumstances, a 
party could oppose on grounds that proceeding by video conference would 
materially disadvantage that party. These proposed differences are due 
to the nature of oral argument hearings, which are typically shorter 
than evidentiary hearings in duration (generally two hours or less), 
contain no presentation of new documentary evidence or witness 
testimony, and are often conducted by counsel.
    Whether acting on its own or based on a motion of a party, the NAC 
would have reasonable discretion to exercise its authority under the 
proposed rule change. In deciding whether to order an oral argument 
hearing by video conference, the NAC could consider and balance a 
variety of factors including, for example and without limitation, a 
hearing participant's individual health concerns, access to video 
conference technology, whether a party has delayed or refused to appear 
in person, and whether proceeding by video conference would materially 
disadvantage any party.\20\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \20\ FINRA notes that the proposed rule change would impact all 
members, including members that are funding portals or have elected 
to be treated as capital acquisition brokers (``CABs''), given that 
the CAB rule set incorporate the impacted FINRA rules by reference 
and that, under the Funding Portal Rules, funding portal members are 
subject to the FINRA Rule 9000 Series, with specified exceptions as 
set forth under Funding Portal Rule 900. See supra note 13.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    If the Commission approves the proposed rule change, FINRA will 
announce the effective date of the proposed rule change in a Regulatory 
Notice.
2. Statutory Basis
    FINRA believes that the proposed rule change is consistent with the 
provisions of Section 15A(b)(6) of the Act,\21\ which requires, among 
other things, that FINRA rules must be designed to prevent fraudulent 
and manipulative acts and practices, to promote just and equitable 
principles of trade, and, in general, to protect investors and the 
public interest. FINRA believes that the proposed rule change is also 
consistent with Section 15A(b)(8) of the Act,\22\ which requires, among 
other things, that FINRA rules provide a fair procedure for the 
disciplining of members and persons associated with members.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \21\ 15 U.S.C. 78o-3(b)(6).
    \22\ 15 U.S.C. 78o-3(b)(8).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FINRA believes that the proposed rule change protects investors and 
the public interest by permitting the use of broadly available 
technology to allow hearings to proceed by video conference under 
certain circumstances. FINRA's disciplinary and eligibility proceedings 
and other review processes serve a critical role in providing investor 
protection and maintaining fair and orderly markets by, for example, 
sanctioning misconduct and preventing further customer harm by members 
and associated persons. The proposed rule change would encourage the 
prompt resolution of these cases while preserving fair process.
    The proposed rule change promotes efficiency by permitting hearings 
to occur by video conference in situations where the hearings would 
otherwise be postponed for an uncertain period of time. As discussed, 
this occurred in 2020 when in person hearings were postponed for over 
six months, resulting in a backlog of cases. COVID-19 necessitated 
FINRA to propose the temporary amendments, which were extended due to 
the continuing health risks of COVID-19, as well as limitations on 
travel, quarantine requirements, and other logistical challenges to 
safely conducting hearings in person.\23\ The proposed rule change 
further promotes efficiency by giving OHO and the NAC authority to act 
quickly if a future unexpected event impaired their ability to conduct 
in-person hearings safely.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \23\ See supra notes 3 & 4 and accompanying text.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The proposed rule change also serves to provide a fair procedure 
for the disciplining of members and persons associated with members by 
allowing hearings to proceed by video conference not only due to public 
health or safety reasons, but also at a party or the parties' request 
for reasons particular to them. The Adjudicator could allow a hearing 
to proceed by video conference in the exercise of reasonable discretion 
and subject to procedural safeguards that ensure fairness. For 
evidentiary hearings, these safeguards include the requirements that 
any motions be joined

[[Page 28648]]

by all parties and show good cause. For oral argument, these safeguards 
include the ability of any party to oppose an order or motion to 
proceed by video conference on grounds that doing so would materially 
disadvantage that party.
    Thus, the proposed rule change represents a significant step toward 
modernizing FINRA's procedures in a manner that preserves in-person 
hearings, but allows for the use of video conference technology under 
certain circumstances.

B. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Burden on Competition

    FINRA does not believe that the proposed rule change would result 
in any burden on competition that is not necessary or appropriate in 
furtherance of the purposes of the Act.
Economic Impact Assessment
    FINRA has undertaken an economic impact assessment, as set forth 
below, to analyze the potential economic impacts of the proposed rule 
change, including anticipated costs, benefits, and distributional and 
competitive effects, relative to the current baseline, and the 
alternatives FINRA considered in assessing how best to meet FINRA's 
regulatory objectives.
1. Regulatory Need
    FINRA does not have permanent rules that allow for video conference 
hearings before OHO and the NAC, even when both parties prefer 
proceeding by video conference, or doing so would not materially 
disadvantage any party, or when video conference is the only 
practicable method. The proposed rule change would create permanent 
rules that would allow video conference hearings under some of these 
circumstances, with safeguards. The proposed rule change would allow 
certain proceedings by video conference where both parties prefer doing 
so and show good cause, or where neither party would be materially 
disadvantaged. The proposed rule change would also enable FINRA to 
respond to serious health, natural disaster, or other unanticipated 
events more quickly and adeptly in the future, so that hearings can 
proceed on time without the need for long postponements or 
cancellations. As discussed above, the use of video conference hearings 
for approximately two and a half years has demonstrated that this 
technology can efficiently resolve pending cases and effectively 
parallel the experience of conducting hearings in person. The proposed 
rule change would build on this experience.
2. Economic Baseline
    The economic baseline for the proposed rule change consists of the 
original FINRA Rules 1015, 9261, 9341, 9524 and 9830 and Funding Portal 
Rule 900. As discussed earlier, these rules govern disciplinary 
proceedings before OHO, appeals before the NAC, and other types of 
hearings. Under these rules, oral arguments before the NAC and 
evidentiary hearings before OHO and the NAC are typically conducted in 
person at various venues across the country. Due to the COVID-19 
pandemic, FINRA temporarily amended its rules to allow OHO and the NAC 
to order, without a motion, evidentiary hearings to proceed by video 
conference based on public health risks related to COVID-19. The 
temporary amendments also allow oral arguments before the NAC to 
proceed by video conference.
    The number of new cases filed in OHO and NAC disciplinary 
proceedings and the number of respondents in these proceedings in the 
past five years are presented in Table 1 below. The numbers show that 
the majority of respondents in OHO filings and NAC appeals consist of 
associated persons.

 Table 1--Number of New Cases Filed in OHO and NAC Disciplinary Proceedings and Number of Respondents, 2018-2022
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       2018            2019            2020            2021            2022
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OHO Disciplinary Proceedings....              43              40              34              32              24
OHO Respondents: Firms Only.....               0               2               2               0               2
OHO Respondents: Associated                   38              35              30              28              20
 Persons Only...................
OHO Respondents: Both Firms and                5               3               2               4               2
 Associated Persons.............
NAC Disciplinary Appeals........              20              16              10              11               6
NAC Respondents: Firms Only.....               1               1               0               1               1
NAC Respondents: Associated                   15              11               8              10               4
 Persons Only...................
NAC Respondents: Both Firms and                4               4               2               0               1
 Associated Persons.............
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    FINRA has also collected information on the use of video conference 
in evidentiary hearings in OHO and NAC proceedings and oral arguments 
before the NAC in the past five years. The information is presented in 
Table 2 below. The numbers show that no evidentiary hearings before OHO 
and the NAC or oral arguments before the NAC proceeded by video 
conference in the two years prior to the pandemic starting in 2020, 
whereas almost all of those types of hearings proceeded by video 
conference after 2020.

     Table 2--Use of Video Conference in OHO and NAC Evidentiary Hearings and NAC Oral Arguments, 2018-2022
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                       2018            2019            2020            2021            2022
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Evidentiary                         21              12               8              10               5
 Disciplinary Hearings before
 OHO............................
Number of Evidentiary                          0               0               3               9               5
 Disciplinary Hearings before
 OHO by Video Conference........
Number of Oral Arguments before               15              11              10               4               6
 NAC............................
Number of Oral Arguments before                0               0               9               4               6
 NAC by Video Conference........
Number of Evidentiary Hearings                 6               0               0               1               3
 before NAC.....................
Number of Evidentiary Hearings                 0               0               0               1               3
 before NAC by Video Conference.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


[[Page 28649]]

3. Economic Impacts
    The proposed rule change will directly impact current and former 
member firms (including members that are funding portals) and their 
associated persons. These individuals would be applicants or 
respondents in proceedings before OHO and the NAC, including appeals 
from disciplinary proceedings. The proposed rule change is also 
expected to affect their counsel and other participants, and the 
proposed rule change may also affect investors associated with the 
matter, and in some cases, investors more generally.
    As described earlier, there have been only a limited number of new 
cases or appeals filed annually in relevant OHO and NAC proceedings in 
the past five years. Most of these cases or appeals involved only one 
respondent. Based on these historical numbers, only a very small 
fraction of members and associated persons will likely be affected by 
the proposed rule change.
    The primary impact of the proposed rule change would be to reduce 
delay in resolving relevant matters in extraordinary circumstances 
(e.g., a serious public health situation, natural disaster, or other 
unanticipated emergency event), or when the parties jointly move for an 
evidentiary hearing to proceed virtually and establish good cause for 
doing so, or when neither party would be materially disadvantaged by 
holding oral argument by video conference for reasons other than 
health, safety or impracticability. Depending on the matter and the 
amount of delay that can potentially be avoided, the proposed rule 
change may have a significant economic impact on affected parties and 
relevant stakeholders.
    Under the baseline, a serious public health situation, natural 
disaster, or other unanticipated emergency event may either delay 
proceedings, prevent travel, or require parties to consider traveling 
and appearing in person despite the elevated risk. As discussed, until 
the temporary amendments were in effect, FINRA administratively 
postponed hearings for over six months due to concerns about the safety 
of conducting hearings in person, travel restrictions, quarantine 
requirements, and other logistical challenges.\24\ Where delay may 
occur, as it did in 2020, the proposed rule change would allow FINRA to 
conduct video conference hearings, thereby reducing delay in resolving 
matters before OHO and the NAC. As FINRA's adjudicatory functions are 
essential to deterring and providing redress in cases of investor harm, 
and for protecting market integrity, reducing delay will broadly 
benefit investors and the markets. Members and associated persons may 
also benefit from reduced delay in resolving their matters.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \24\ See supra notes 3 & 4 and accompanying text.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Participants in relevant proceedings who, under the baseline, are 
required to travel and attend hearings in person despite elevated risk 
will benefit from reduced health and safety risk under the proposed 
rule change. By allowing video conference hearings and oral arguments 
either by order of the Adjudicator on its own or on motion of the 
parties, the proposed rule change would result in reduced travel time 
and costs for all participants. The cost reductions may vary depending 
on the nature and length of the proceedings, the number of individuals 
who must travel, and the distance of the required travel.
    Parties may incur additional costs relative to the pre-pandemic 
baseline. These additional costs may arise from technological 
challenges such as bandwidth or connectivity issues and concerns 
related to presenting arguments and evidence in a virtual environment. 
FINRA believes that cost increases will likely be limited for most 
parties, after considering the overall positive experience of 
conducting video conference evidentiary hearings and appellate oral 
arguments under the temporary amendments.
    Parties who are required to participate by video conference under 
the proposed rule change and believe that they cannot present their 
arguments and evidence as well as in person, may perceive the potential 
costs associated with the proposed rule change as large compared with 
the potential benefits. They may thus prefer a delayed in-person 
hearing under the above circumstances to a video conference hearing. 
These potential costs will depend on how Adjudicators define and apply 
the ``impracticable'' and ``health or safety'' standards as well as the 
``good cause'' and ``materially disadvantage'' standards, among other 
factors.
4. Alternatives Considered
    FINRA considered applying the same standards to NAC oral argument 
as to evidentiary hearings. Under this alternative, the NAC could order 
a scheduled in-person oral argument hearing to occur by video 
conference for health, safety or impracticability reasons only, and 
when considering a motion, would require the motion to be joined by all 
parties and show good cause. Parties who prefer to appear in-person due 
to concerns about technical or other difficulties to presenting their 
case by video conference may perceive a lower cost from the less 
flexible alternative relative to the proposed rule change. This 
perceived cost reduction, however, should be limited since the proposed 
rule change would allow such parties to oppose an order or motion to 
proceed by video conference on grounds that doing so would materially 
disadvantage them. Further, any cost reduction relative to the proposed 
rule change would likely be bounded because, as discussed, NAC oral 
arguments are typically short in duration, contain no presentation of 
new evidence, and are often conducted by counsel. The alternative would 
also likely lead to more potential delays in resolving appeals of 
disciplinary matters. Thus, FINRA believes that the proposed rule 
change strikes the appropriate balance between preserving the 
efficiencies in OHO and NAC proceedings that were achieved during the 
pandemic and ensuring a fair process for parties in evidentiary 
hearings and appeals.

C. Self-Regulatory Organization's Statement on Comments on the Proposed 
Rule Change Received From Members, Participants, or Others

    Written comments were neither solicited nor received.

III. Date of Effectiveness of the Proposed Rule Change and Timing for 
Commission Action

    Within 45 days of the date of publication of this notice in the 
Federal Register or within such longer period (i) as the Commission may 
designate up to 90 days of such date if it finds such longer period to 
be appropriate and publishes its reasons for so finding or (ii) as to 
which the self-regulatory organization consents, the Commission will:
    (A) by order approve or disapprove such proposed rule change, or
    (B) institute proceedings to determine whether the proposed rule 
change should be disapproved.

IV. Solicitation of Comments

    Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views and 
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether the proposed rule 
change is consistent with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of 
the following methods:

Electronic Comments

     Use the Commission's internet comment form (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or

[[Page 28650]]

     Send an email to [email protected]. Please include 
File Number SR-FINRA-2023-008 on the subject line.

Paper Comments

     Send paper comments in triplicate to Secretary, Securities 
and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549-1090.

All submissions should refer to File Number SR-FINRA-2023-008. This 
file number should be included on the subject line if email is used. To 
help the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently, 
please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on 
the Commission's internet website (https://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all 
written statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are 
filed with the Commission, and all written communications relating to 
the proposed rule change between the Commission and any person, other 
than those that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the 
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for website viewing and 
printing in the Commission's Public Reference Room, 100 F Street NE, 
Washington, DC 20549, on official business days between the hours of 
10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of such filing also will be available 
for inspection and copying at the principal office of FINRA. Do not 
include personal identifiable information in submissions; you should 
submit only information that you wish to make available publicly. We 
may redact in part or withhold entirely from publication submitted 
material that is obscene or subject to copyright protection. All 
submissions should refer to File Number SR-FINRA-2023-008 and should be 
submitted on or before May 25, 2023.

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, 
pursuant to delegated authority.\25\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \25\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

Sherry R. Haywood,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2023-09446 Filed 5-3-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P


