[Federal Register Volume 85, Number 204 (Wednesday, October 21, 2020)]
[Notices]
[Pages 67044-67055]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2020-23250]



[[Page 67044]]

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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-90209; File Nos. SR-NYSE-2020-05, SR-NYSEAMER-2020-05, 
SR-NYSEArca-2020-08, SR-NYSECHX-2020-02, SR-NYSENAT-2020-03, SR-NYSE-
2020-11, SR-NYSEAMER-2020-10, SR-NYSEArca-2020-15, SR-NYSECHX-2020-05, 
SR-NYSENAT-2020-08]


Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC, NYSE 
American LLC, NYSE Arca, Inc., NYSE Chicago, Inc., and NYSE National, 
Inc.; Notice of Filings of Partial Amendment No. 3 and Order Granting 
Accelerated Approval to Proposed Rule Changes, Each as Modified by 
Partial Amendment No. 3, To Establish a Wireless Fee Schedule Setting 
Forth Available Wireless Bandwidth Connections and Wireless Market Data 
Connections

October 15, 2020.

I. Introduction

    On January 30, 2020, New York Stock Exchange LLC (``NYSE''), NYSE 
American LLC (``NYSE American''), NYSE Arca, Inc. (``NYSE Arca''), NYSE 
Chicago, Inc. (``NYSE Chicago''), and NYSE National, Inc. (``NYSE 
National'') (collectively, the ``Exchanges'') each filed with the 
Securities and Exchange Commission (``Commission''), pursuant to 
Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Exchange 
Act'' or ``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ a proposed rule 
change to establish a schedule of Wireless Connectivity Fees and 
Charges (``Wireless Fee Schedule'') listing available wireless 
connections between the Mahwah, New Jersey data center (``Mahwah Data 
Center'') and other data centers. The proposed rule changes 
(collectively, ``Wireless I'') were published for comment in the 
Federal Register on February 18, 2020.\3\ On April 1, 2020, pursuant to 
Section 19(b)(2) of the Act,\4\ the Commission designated a longer 
period within which to either approve the Wireless I proposed rule 
changes, disapprove the proposed rule changes, or institute proceedings 
to determine whether to disapprove the proposed rule changes.\5\
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    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
    \3\ See Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 88168 (February 11, 
2020), 85 FR 8938 (February 18, 2020) (SR-NYSE-2020-05) (``Wireless 
I Notice''); 88169 (February 11, 2020), 85 FR 8946 (February 18, 
2020) (SR-NYSEAMER-2020-05); 88170 (February 11, 2020), 85 FR 8956 
(February 18, 2020) (SR-NYSEArca-2020-08); 88172 (February 11, 
2020), 85 FR 8923 (February 18, 2020) (SR-NYSECHX-2020-02); and 
88171 (February 11, 2020), 85 FR 8930 (February 18, 2020) (SR-
NYSENAT-2020-03) (collectively, the ``Wireless I Notices''). 
Comments received on the Wireless I Notices, including Exchange 
responses, are available on the Commission's website at: https://www.sec.gov/comments/sr-nyse-2020-05/srnyse202005.htm. For ease of 
reference, citations to the Wireless I Notice(s) are to the Notice 
for SR-NYSE-2020-05.
    \4\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
    \5\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 88539 (April 1, 
2020), 85 FR 19553 (April 7, 2020). The Commission designated May 
18, 2020, as the date by which it should approve, disapprove, or 
institute proceedings to determine whether to disapprove the 
proposed rule changes.
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    On February 11, 2020, NYSE, NYSE Arca, NYSE Chicago, and NYSE 
National each filed with the Commission, pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) 
of the Act \6\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\7\ a proposed rule change to 
amend the proposed Wireless Fee Schedule to add wireless connections 
for the transport of certain market data of the Exchanges. NYSE 
American filed with the Commission a substantively identical filing on 
February 12, 2020. The proposed rule changes (collectively, ``Wireless 
II'') were published for comment in the Federal Register on February 
25, 2020.\8\ On April 1, 2020, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the 
Act,\9\ the Commission designated a longer period within which to 
either approve the Wireless II proposed rule changes, disapprove the 
proposed rule changes, or institute proceedings to determine whether to 
disapprove the proposed rule changes.\10\
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    \6\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \7\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
    \8\ See Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 88237 (February 19, 
2020), 85 FR 10752 (February 25, 2020) (SR-NYSE-2020-11) (``Wireless 
II Notice''); 88238 (February 19, 2020), 85 FR 10776 (February 25, 
2020) (SR-NYSEAMER-2020-10); 88239 (February 19, 2020), 85 FR 10786 
(February 25, 2020) (SR-NYSEArca-2020-15); 88240 (February 19, 
2020), 85 FR 10795 (February 25, 2020) (SR-NYSECHX-2020-05); and 
88241 (February 19, 2020), 85 FR 10738 (February 25, 2020) (SR-
NYSENAT-2020-08) (collectively, the ``Wireless II Notices''). 
Comments received on the Wireless II Notices, including Exchange 
responses, are available on the Commission's website at: https://www.sec.gov/comments/sr-nyse-2020-11/srnyse202011.htm. For ease of 
reference, citations to the Wireless II Notice(s) are to the Notice 
for SR-NYSE-2020-11.
    \9\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
    \10\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 88540 (April 1, 
2020), 85 FR 19562 (April 7, 2020). The Commission designated May 
25, 2020, as the date by which it should approve, disapprove, or 
institute proceedings to determine whether to disapprove the 
proposed rule changes.
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    On May 18, 2020, the Division of Trading and Markets, for the 
Commission pursuant to delegated authority, instituted proceedings to 
determine whether to approve or disapprove the Wireless I and Wireless 
II proposed rule changes.\11\ On July 27, 2020, the Exchanges each 
filed Partial Amendment No. 1 to the Wireless I and Wireless II 
proposed rule changes, notices of which were published for comment in 
the Federal Register on August 7, 2020.\12\ On August 12, 2020, 
pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the Act,\13\ the Commission designated 
a longer period for Commission action on proceedings to determine 
whether to approve or disapprove the Wireless I and Wireless II 
proposed rule changes, as amended.\14\
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    \11\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 88901, 85 FR 31273 
(May 22, 2020).
    \12\ See Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 88168 (August 3, 
2020), 85 FR 47992 (August 7, 2020) (SR-NYSE-2020-05); 89454 (August 
3, 2020), 85 FR 48002 (August 7, 2020) (SR-NYSEAMER-2020-05); 89455 
(August 3, 2020), 85 FR 48035 (August 7, 2020) (SR-NYSEArca-2020-
08); 89456 (August 3, 2020), 85 FR 48024 (August 7, 2020) (SR-
NYSECHX-2020-02); and 89457 (August 3, 2020), 85 FR 47997 (August 7, 
2020) (SR-NYSENAT-2020-03) (amending Wireless I). See Securities 
Exchange Act Release Nos. 89458 (August 3, 2020), 85 FR 48045 
(August 7, 2020) (SR-NYSE-2020-11); 89459 (August 3, 2020), 85 FR 
48052 (August 7, 2020) (SR-NYSEAMER-2020-10); 89460 (August 3, 
2020), 85 FR 48017 (August 7, 2020) (SR-NYSEArca-2020-15); 89461 
(August 3, 2020), 85 FR 48039 (August 7, 2020) (SR-NYSECHX-2020-05); 
and 89462 (August 3, 2020), 85 FR 48008 (August 7, 2020) (SR-
NYSENAT-2020-08) (amending Wireless II).
    \13\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
    \14\ See Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 89532 (August 12, 
2020), 85 FR 50849 (August 18, 2020) (regarding Wireless I); 
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 89531 (August 12, 2020), 85 FR 
50861 (August 18, 2020) (regarding Wireless II).
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    On September 10, 2020, the Exchanges each filed Partial Amendment 
No. 2 to the proposed rule changes.\15\ On September 29, 2020, the 
Exchanges each filed Partial Amendment No. 3 to the proposed rule 
changes.\16\
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    \15\ In filing Partial Amendment No. 2, the Exchanges withdrew 
Partial Amendment No. 1, replacing it in its entirety with Partial 
Amendment No. 2. Partial Amendment No. 2 to the Wireless I proposed 
rule changes (``Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 2'') is available 
on the Commission's website at https://www.sec.gov/comments/sr-nyse-2020-05/srnyse202005-7757518-223248.pdf. For ease of reference, 
citations to Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 2 are to that for SR-
NYSE-2020-05. Partial Amendment No. 2 to the Wireless II proposed 
rule changes (``Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 2'') is available 
on the Commission's website at https://www.sec.gov/comments/sr-nyse-2020-11/srnyse202011-7757532-223232.pdf. For ease of reference, 
citations to Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 2 are to that for SR-
NYSE-2020-11.
    \16\ In filing Partial Amendment No. 3, the Exchanges withdrew 
Partial Amendment No. 2, replacing it in its entirety with Partial 
Amendment No. 3. In Partial Amendment No. 3 to the Wireless I 
proposed rule changes (``Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 3''), the 
Exchanges propose new rules to place restrictions on the use of a 
pole or other structure on the grounds of the Mahwah, New Jersey 
data center that is used for wireless connections. Wireless I 
Partial Amendment No. 3 is available on the Commission's website at 
https://www.sec.gov/comments/sr-nyse-2020-05/srnyse202005-7860147-223930.pdf. For ease of reference, citations to Wireless I Partial 
Amendment No. 3 are to that for SR-NYSE-2020-05. In Partial 
Amendment No. 3 to the Wireless II proposed rule changes (``Wireless 
II Partial Amendment No. 3''), the Exchanges propose new rules to 
place restrictions on the use of a pole or other structure on the 
grounds of the Mahwah, New Jersey data center that is used for 
wireless connectivity services that transport the market data of 
certain of the Exchanges. Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 3 is 
available on the Commission's website at https://www.sec.gov/comments/sr-nyse-2020-11/srnyse202011-7860139-223920.pdf. For ease 
of reference, citations to Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 3 are 
to that for SR-NYSE-2020-11. The substance of Wireless I Partial 
Amendment No. 3 and Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 3 
(collectively, ``Partial Amendment No. 3'') is discussed further in 
Sections II.A and III.B below.

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[[Page 67045]]

    This order provides notice of the filing of Partial Amendment No. 3 
to each of the proposed rule changes, and grants approval to the 
proposed rule changes, each as modified by Partial Amendment No. 3, on 
an accelerated basis.

II. Description of the Proposed Rule Changes, as Modified by Partial 
Amendment No. 3

A. Proposed Wireless Connectivity Services and Fees

    The Exchanges propose wireless connectivity services (``Wireless 
Connections'') for specified fees that enable market participants 
purchasing one or more of the proposed services to establish low-
latency connectivity between their equipment in the Mahwah Data Center 
(where the Exchanges house their electronic trading and execution 
systems and co-location facility),\17\ and data centers in Carteret, 
NJ, Secaucus, NJ, and Markham, Canada (``Third Party Data 
Centers'').\18\ As stated in the Wireless I and Wireless II Notices, 
Wireless Connections involve beaming signals through the air between 
antennas that are within sight of one another.\19\ Because the signals 
travel a straight, unimpeded line, and because light waves travel 
faster through air than through glass (fiber optics), wireless messages 
have lower latency than messages traveling through fiber optics.\20\
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    \17\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8939-40; Wireless 
II Notice, supra note 8, at 10753-54. The Exchanges state that a 
portion of the Mahwah Data Center houses their ``SRO Systems,'' 
which they define as Exchange trading and execution systems, as well 
as systems of communication from customer servers in co-location to 
the trading and execution systems of each Exchange or affiliate 
self-regulatory organizations. According to the Exchanges, the 
Mahwah Data Center ``is not owned or operated by any of the . . . 
Exchanges.'' See Letter from Elizabeth K. King, Chief Regulatory 
Officer, ICE, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary, NYSE, to 
Vanessa Countryman, Secretary, Commission, dated May 8, 2020, 
responding to comments on Wireless I and Wireless II (``First NYSE 
Response'') at 9 n.37. The Exchanges describe the Mahwah Data Center 
as ``grounds that ICE already leased and over which it had control 
for security purposes.'' See id. at 10.
    \18\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8939; Wireless II 
Notice, supra note 8, at 10753. The Exchanges state that the Third 
Party Data Centers are owned and operated by third parties 
unaffiliated with the Exchanges. See id.
    \19\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8942-43; Wireless 
II Notice, supra note 8, at 10757.
    \20\ See id.
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    The Exchanges are each an indirect subsidiary of Intercontinental 
Exchange, Inc. (``ICE'').\21\ The Exchanges state that the Wireless 
Connections are provided and maintained not by them, but by ICE Data 
Services (``IDS''), which operates through several affiliates of ICE, 
including an indirect subsidiary of NYSE.\22\
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    \21\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8939.
    \22\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8939 n.11; Wireless 
II Notice, supra note 8, at 10753 n.12 (``The IDS business operates 
through several different ICE Affiliates, including NYSE 
Technologies Connectivity, Inc. an indirect subsidiary of the 
NYSE.''). The Exchanges further state all of the ICE affiliates are 
ultimately controlled by ICE. See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, 
at 8939; Wireless II Notice, supra note 8, at 10753.
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    The proposed Wireless Connections are of two types: (i) Bandwidth 
connections (``Wireless Bandwidth Connections'') that enable market 
participants to send trading orders and relay market data between their 
equipment in the Mahwah Data Center and the Third Party Data Centers; 
\23\ and (ii) market data connections (``Wireless Market Data 
Connections'') that enable market participants in a Third Party Data 
Center to receive connectivity to certain NYSE, NYSE Arca and NYSE 
National market data feeds (collectively, the ``Selected Market 
Data'').\24\
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    \23\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8939. At either end 
of a Wireless Bandwidth Connection, a market participant uses a 
cross connect or other cable to connect its equipment to the 
wireless equipment in the Mahwah Data Center and Third Party Data 
Center. Cross connects in the Mahwah Data Center lead to the market 
participant's server in co-location. See id. at 8939 n.12.
    \24\ See Wireless II Notice, supra note 8, at 10753, 10757. 
Selected Market Data to Carteret and Secaucus includes the NYSE 
Integrated Feed, NYSE Arca Integrated Feed, and the NYSE National 
Integrated Feed. Selected Market Data to Markham includes the NYSE 
BBO and Trades data feeds and the NYSE Arca BBO and Trades data 
feeds.
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    For each Wireless Bandwidth Connection, the Exchanges propose a 
non-recurring initial charge of $10,000 or $15,000, and a monthly 
recurring charge that varies depending on bandwidth size and location 
of the connection.\25\ For each Wireless Market Data Connection, the 
Exchanges likewise propose a non-recurring initial charge of $5,000 and 
a monthly recurring charge that varies depending on the type of feed 
and location of the connection.\26\ In addition, the Exchanges propose 
to waive the first month's monthly recurring charge,\27\ and specify 
(as they currently do regarding co-location fees) that a market 
participant obtaining and maintaining a Wireless Connection would not 
be charged more than once, irrespective of whether it is a member of 
one, some or none of the Exchanges.\28\
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    \25\ These fees range as follows: To and from Secaucus, from 
$9,000 per month for a 10 Mb connection to $44,000 per month for a 
200 Mb connection; to and from Carteret, from $10,000 per month for 
a 10 Mb connection to $45,000 for a 200 Mb connection; to and from 
Secaucus and Carteret, $22,000 per month for 50 Mb connection; and 
to and from Markham, from $6,000 for a 1 Mb connection to $23,000 
for a 10 Mb connection. For additional detail on the proposed fees, 
see Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8942.
    \26\ These fees range from $5,250 to $21,000 per month to 
transport Selected Market Data to Carteret and Secaucus, and are 
$6,500 per month to transport Selected Market Data to Markham. For 
additional detail on the proposed fees, see Wireless II Notice, 
supra note 8, at 10756.
    \27\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8941-42; Wireless 
II Notice, supra note 8, at 10756.
    \28\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8942.
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    Describing how the Wireless Connections are provided, the Exchanges 
state that IDS uses its own wireless network to provide Wireless 
Connections between the Markham Third Party Data Center and the Mahwah 
Data Center.\29\ For Wireless Connections with the Carteret and 
Secaucus Third Party Data Centers, however, IDS contracts with a non-
ICE entity (Anova Technologies, LLC, or ``Anova'' \30\) to facilitate 
provision of the Wireless Connections, via a network traversing a 
series of towers with wireless equipment, including a pole on the 
grounds of the Mahwah Data Center property (the ``Data Center Pole''), 
to which third parties do not have access.\31\
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    \29\ See id. at 8939. According to the Exchanges, ``[t]here is 
no commercial competitor'' for the route connecting Mahwah with 
Markham. See First NYSE Response at 17. See also Wireless I Notice, 
supra note 3, at 8942; Wireless II Notice, supra note 8, at 10757.
    \30\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 
4.
    \31\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8945; Wireless II 
Notice supra note 8, at 10759. Specifically, the Exchanges state, 
``[w]ith the exception of the non-ICE entity that owns the wireless 
network used for the Wireless Connections to Secaucus and Carteret, 
third parties do not have access to such pole, as the IDS wireless 
network has exclusive rights to operate wireless equipment on the 
Mahwah data center pole. IDS does not sell rights to third parties 
to operate wireless equipment on the pole, due to space limitations, 
security concerns, and the interference that would arise between 
equipment placed too closely together.'' Id.
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    The Data Center Pole is where the Wireless Connections to the 
Carteret and Secaucus Third Party Data Centers begin and end, and 
convert to a fiber connection into the Mahwah Data Center co-location 
facility where market participants' servers then connect to the 
Exchanges' trading and execution systems.\32\ In response to comments

[[Page 67046]]

(discussed below) that restricted access to the Data Center Pole gives 
a geographical and latency advantage to IDS arising from the Data 
Center Pole's proximity to the Exchanges' trading and execution systems 
that competitors cannot replicate, the Exchanges amended the proposals, 
initially filing Partial Amendment No. 1 and then replacing it with 
Partial Amendment No. 2, and then replacing Partial Amendment No. 2 
with Partial Amendment No. 3.
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    \32\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 
4; Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 4. The 
Wireless Connections between the Markham Third Party Data Center and 
the Mahwah Data Center do not use the Data Center Pole. See Wireless 
I Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 15, at 7; Wireless II Partial 
Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 6.
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    In Partial Amendment No. 3, the Exchanges each propose to add rules 
placing restrictions on use of the Data Center Pole designed to address 
any advantage that the Wireless Connections have by virtue of a Data 
Center Pole, and thereby level the playing field for competitors 
offering similar wireless connectivity services between the Mahwah Data 
Center and Secaucus and Carteret Third Party Data Centers. 
Specifically, they propose fiber-length equalization measures so that 
the Wireless Connections, and future wireless connections that use a 
Data Center Pole (as defined below), would ``operat[e] in the same 
manner as competitors do today without a latency subsidy or other 
advantage provided by the Exchanges . . . .'' \33\ In addition, the 
Exchanges represent that if the rule is approved, once the required 
changes are implemented, they ``commit to have the latency of the 
relevant fiber route measured.'' \34\
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    \33\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 9 
(internal citation and quotations omitted); Wireless II Partial 
Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 9 (internal citation and 
quotations omitted). See also Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 3, 
supra note 16, at 12 (stating that the proposed rule also would 
apply to the fiber path used for the previously filed wireless 
services that allow co-located users to receive market data feeds 
from third party markets through a wireless connection).
    \34\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 
11. See also Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 
11. The Exchanges state that because no known commercial provider 
(including ICE affiliates) has a network that follows the geodesic 
route, and because the routes they do follow are both changeable and 
not publicly available, the Exchanges cannot ensure that they would 
have access to the information required to measure what differences 
exist in the path followed between the Closest Commercial Pole and 
any Third Party Data Center. See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 3, 
supra note 16, at 6; Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 
16, at 6. See also infra notes 121-145, and accompanying text 
(discussing the evolution of Wireless I and Wireless II Partial 
Amendment No. 3).
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    For the Wireless Bandwidth Connections, the Exchanges each propose 
rules requiring that, with respect to each Third Party Data Center,\35\ 
the length of the fiber path between (a) the base of any Data Center 
Pole and (b) the Patch Panel Point \36\ shall be no less than the sum 
of (x) the length of the fiber path between the base of the Closest 
Commercial Pole \37\ and the Patch Panel Point, plus (y) the difference 
in length, if any, between (i) the geodesic distance \38\ between the 
Closest Commercial Pole and the Third Party Data Center and (ii) the 
geodesic distance between the Data Center Pole and the Third Party Data 
Center. The proposed rules also require that the length of the fiber 
from the Patch Panel Point to each customer cabinet in the space used 
for co-location in the Data Center is the same.\39\
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    \35\ ``Third Party Data Center'' means a service access point 
from which wireless connections to the Data Center using a Data 
Center Pole are made available. ``Data Center'' means the Mahwah, 
New Jersey data center where each Exchange's matching engine is 
located, or its successor. ``Data Center Pole'' means a pole or 
other structure that (a) holds wireless equipment, and (b) is 
located within the grounds of the Data Center. See id. at 5.
    \36\ ``Patch Panel Point'' means the patch panel where fiber 
connections for wireless services connect to the network row in the 
space used for co-location in the Data Center. See id. at 5. The 
Exchanges represent that every provider of wireless connectivity to 
co-location customers, including IDS and each of its competitors, is 
connected to the Patch Panel Point, and the length of the fiber path 
from the Patch Panel Point to each customer cabinet in the space 
used for co-location in the data center (``Customer Cabinet'') is 
the same. See id. at 6.
    \37\ ``Closest Commercial Pole'' means the Commercial Pole that 
has the shortest fiber path between (a) the Patch Panel Point and 
(b) the base of the Commercial Pole. ``Commercial Pole'' means a 
pole or other structure (a) on which one or more third parties 
locate wireless equipment used to offer wireless connectivity to 
other third parties, and (b) from which a fiber connection extends 
between the Data Center and third party equipment located on the 
pole or other structure. See id. at 5.
    \38\ According to the Exchanges, ``[g]eodesic measurements use 
above ground line measurements,'' and ``geodesic distances'' are 
sometimes referred to as ``over-the-air distances.'' See id. at 6.
    \39\ See id. at 5.
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    Similarly, for the Wireless Market Data Connections, the Exchanges 
each propose rules requiring that, with respect to each Third Party 
Data Center, the length of the fiber path between (a) the base of any 
Data Center Pole and (b) the Production Point \40\ shall be no less 
than the sum of (x) the length of the fiber path between the base of 
the Closest Commercial Pole and the Production Point, plus (y) the 
difference in length, if any, between (i) the geodesic distance between 
the Closest Commercial Pole and the Third Party Data Center and (ii) 
the geodesic distance between the Data Center Pole and the Third Party 
Data Center.\41\ The proposed rules also require that Exchange market 
data will be handed off in the Data Center in the same manner and 
method, including by using the same network path from the Production 
Point, to (a) any third party that utilizes a Commercial Pole to offer 
wireless connectivity to such market data to other third parties, and 
(b) any wireless network that utilizes the Data Center Pole.\42\
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    \40\ ``Production Point'' means the point inside the Data Center 
where Exchange market data is made available to the space used for 
co-location in the Data Center. See Wireless II Partial Amendment 
No. 3, supra note 16, at 5.
    \41\ See id.
    \42\ See id.
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    The Exchanges state that these proposed rules are designed to 
provide that market participants using the Wireless Connections would 
not benefit from wireless equipment being on an ICE-controlled Data 
Center Pole that is closer to the Patch Panel Point or the Production 
Point than the Closest Commercial Pole.\43\
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    \43\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 
11; Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 10-11.
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B. Filing Requirement for Facilities of an Exchange

    Although the Exchanges filed the Wireless I and Wireless II 
proposals for approval, they maintain that filing is not required 
because the Wireless Connections are not ``facilities of an exchange,'' 
within the meaning of Section 3(a)(1) of the Act (defining 
``exchange'') and Section 3(a)(2) of the Act (defining the term 
``facility'' of an exchange).\44\ They thus take the position that the 
proposed Wireless Connections and associated fees are not proposed 
rules of an exchange, and are not subject to review for determination 
of consistency with Exchange Act standards.\45\
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    \44\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3 at 8939-41; Wireless II 
Notice, supra note 8, at 10754-56.
    \45\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3 at 8938-39; Wireless II 
Notice, supra note 8, at 10753. The Exchanges state that they seek 
approval of the proposed rule changes ``solely because the Staff of 
the Commission'' advised that filing is required. See id. In Partial 
Amendment No. 3, the Exchanges do not depart from this position and 
state, ``All other representations in the Filing remain as stated 
therein and no other changes are being made.'' See Wireless I 
Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 17; Wireless II Partial 
Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 18.
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    In support of this argument, the Exchanges state that the 
definition of exchange ``focuses on the exchange entity and what it 
does,'' whereas the Wireless Connections are separately offered by IDS, 
a group of ``non-exchange ICE Affiliates.'' \46\ They acknowledge that 
the Exchanges squarely fall within the Exchange Act's

[[Page 67047]]

definition of exchange, but argue that IDS and the ICE Affiliates do 
not, and that the Exchange Act does not ``automatically collapse the 
ICE Affiliates into the Exchange[s].'' \47\
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    \46\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3 at 8939-40; Wireless II 
Notice, supra note 8, at 10754.
    \47\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3 at 8940; Wireless II 
Notice, supra note 8, at 10755.
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    Turning to whether the Wireless Connections are facilities of the 
Exchanges within the meaning of the definition of ``facility'' of an 
exchange in Section 3(a)(2) of the Act,\48\ the Exchanges state that 
the Wireless Connections are not the ``premises'' of the Exchanges, 
reasoning that the network that runs between IDS's equipment in the 
Mahwah Data Center and IDS's equipment in Third Party Data Centers, 
much of which is actually owned, operated, and maintained by a non-ICE 
entity, do not constitute ``premises.'' \49\ They also state that the 
Wireless Connections are not the ``property'' of the Exchanges because 
they are ``services,'' and something owned by a non-exchange ``ICE 
Affiliate'' is not owned by the Exchanges.\50\ They further maintain 
that the Exchanges have no right to the use of such premises, property, 
or services for the purpose of effecting or reporting a transaction on 
an exchange, and note that the Wireless Bandwidth Connections do not 
connect directly to the Exchanges' trading and execution systems.\51\
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    \48\ Under Exchange Act Section 3(a)(2): ``The term `facility' 
when used with respect to an exchange includes ``its premises, 
tangible or intangible property whether on the premises or not, any 
right to the use of such premises or property or any service thereof 
for the purpose of effecting or reporting a transaction on an 
exchange (including, among other things, any system of communication 
to or from the exchange, by ticker or otherwise, maintained by or 
with the consent of the exchange), and any right of the exchange to 
the use of any property or service.'' 15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(2).
    \49\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8940; Wireless II 
Notice, supra note 8, at 10755. The Exchanges state that the portion 
of the Mahwah Data Center where the ``exchange'' functions are 
performed (i.e., the SRO Systems that bring together purchasers and 
sellers of securities and perform with respect to securities the 
functions commonly performed by a stock exchange) could be construed 
as the ``premises'' of the Exchange, but assert that a wireless 
network that is almost completely outside of the Mahwah Data Center 
should not be construed as the ``premises.'' See id.
    \50\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8940; Wireless II 
Notice, supra note 8, at 10755. Id.
    \51\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8939-41. The 
Exchanges state that these connections are not provided for ``the 
purpose of effecting or reporting a transaction on'' the Exchanges, 
but rather are provided to facilitate the customer's interaction 
with itself. Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

III. Discussion and Commission Findings

A. The Wireless Connections Are Facilities of the Exchanges and Thus 
the Proposed Rule Changes, as Modified by Partial Amendment No. 3, Are 
Subject To Review for a Determination of the Consistency With the 
Exchange Act

    The Exchanges filed the proposed rule changes with the Commission. 
As discussed below, the Wireless Connections are ``facilities of an 
exchange.'' Under Section 19(b), the Commission must approve or 
disapprove the proposed rule changes.\52\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \52\ See 15 U.S.C. 78s(b).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As summarized in Section II.B above, the Exchanges' asserted 
position about the regulatory status of the Wireless Connections relies 
upon an analysis that focuses narrowly on the corporate subsidiaries 
that hold the exchange licenses, and not on the broader group that 
operates the ``exchange'' as defined under the Exchange Act. In 
essence, the Exchanges reason that only the entities that hold the 
exchange licenses are relevant to assessing what is a facility of an 
exchange and, since the Wireless Connections are offered by IDS, a 
separate group of affiliated entities, they cannot be facilities of the 
Exchanges.\53\ However, as discussed in detail below, the Commission 
finds the Wireless Connections constitute facilities of an exchange.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \53\ See supra notes 46-47, 50 and accompanying text (arguing 
that IDS is a distinct group of corporate entities and that assets 
of IDS are not assets of the Exchanges), and note 49 and 
accompanying text (noting that the Exchanges' focus on ``SRO 
Systems,'' which they define as the Exchanges' trading and execution 
systems).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The definitions of ``exchange'' and ``facility'' of an exchange are 
set forth in Exchange Act Sections 3(a)(1) and 3(a)(2), respectively. 
Section 3(a)(1) of the Exchange Act defines an ``exchange'' to include 
an organization or group of persons, whether incorporated or 
unincorporated, that maintains a market place for bringing together 
purchasers and sellers of securities.\54\ Under the statute, an 
``exchange'' includes the market place and the market facilities 
maintained by such exchange. A particular function provided by a group 
of persons, whether incorporated or unincorporated, may fall within the 
statutory definition of ``exchange'' when business activities performed 
across the group constitute part of that market place for bringing 
together purchasers and sellers.\55\ Thus, the application of the 
``exchange'' definition does not turn on which particular entity 
directly holds a particular asset, including the exchange license.\56\ 
What is relevant for purposes of this analysis, instead, is determining 
which functions are part of the relevant market place.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \54\ Specifically, Section 3(a)(1) of the Exchange Act defines 
``exchange'' as ``any organization, association, or group of 
persons, whether incorporated or unincorporated, which constitutes, 
maintains, or provides a market place or facilities for bringing 
together purchasers and sellers of securities or for otherwise 
performing with respect to securities the functions commonly 
performed by a stock exchange as that term is generally understood, 
and includes the market place and the market facilities maintained 
by such exchange.'' 15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(1). See also 15 U.S.C. 
78c(a)(9) (``The term `person' means a natural person, company, 
government, or political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality of 
a government.''). In addition, Exchange Act Rule 3b-16 defines 
certain terms used in Section 3(a)(1). See 17 CFR 240.3b-16. Among 
other things, Rule 3b-16 provides that: ``[a]n organization, 
association, or group of persons shall be considered to constitute, 
maintain, or provide `a market place or facilities for bringing 
together purchasers and sellers of securities or for otherwise 
performing with respect to securities the functions commonly 
performed by a stock exchange' . . . if [it]: (1) [b]rings together 
the orders for securities of multiple buyers and sellers; and (2) 
[u]ses established, non-discretionary methods (whether by providing 
a trading facility or by setting rules) under which such orders 
interact with each other, and the buyers and sellers entering such 
orders agree to the terms of a trade.''
    \55\ See 15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(1). For examples of how the Commission 
has assessed whether particular functions are commonly performed by 
a stock exchange that could result in regulation as a facility of an 
exchange, see, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 44983 
(October 25, 2001), 66 FR 55225, 55233-34 (November 1, 2001) (SR-
PCX-00-25) (``PCX Order'') (assessing different functions provided 
by an exchange-affiliated broker-dealer); and 63241 (November 3, 
2010), 75 FR 69792 (November 15, 2010) (stating that, in general, 
the outbound order routing service provided to exchanges by broker-
dealers is regulated as a facility of the exchange).
    \56\ Cf. Securities Exchange Act Release No. 40760 (December 8, 
1998), 63 FR 70844, 70852 (December 22, 1998) (``Regulation ATS 
Adopting Release'') (stating, in the context of entities providing 
trading systems that function as ATSs, that ``[t]he Commission will 
attribute the activities of a trading facility to a system if that 
facility is offered by the system directly or indirectly (such as 
where a system arranges for a third party or parties to offer the 
trading facility). . . . In addition, if an organization arranges 
for separate entities to provide different pieces of a trading 
system . . . , the organization responsible for arranging the 
collective efforts will be deemed to have established a trading 
facility.'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Section 3(a)(2) of the Exchange Act defines a ``facility'' of an 
exchange to include the exchange's premises, tangible or intangible 
property, or any right to the use of such premises or property or any 
service thereof for the purpose of effecting or reporting a transaction 
on an exchange.\57\ Section

[[Page 67048]]

3(a)(2) specifically includes services such as systems of communication 
to or from the exchange.\58\ The Commission also has observed that the 
term facility of an exchange is defined ``very broadly,'' \59\ and that 
whether a service is a facility of an exchange requires an analysis of 
the particular facts and circumstances.\60\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \57\ As noted above, under Section 3(a)(2) of the Exchange Act, 
``[t]he term `facility' when used with respect to an exchange 
includes its premises, tangible or intangible property whether on 
the premises or not, any right to the use of such premises or 
property or any service thereof for the purpose of effecting or 
reporting a transaction on an exchange (including, among other 
things, any system of communication to or from the exchange, by 
ticker or otherwise, maintained by or with the consent of the 
exchange), and any right of the exchange to the use of any property 
or service.'' 15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(2).
    \58\ The Commission has found that where a system of 
communication occupies a ``special position'' with respect to the 
exchange, such that it is ``uniquely linked to and endorsed by'' 
that exchange to provide such function, then that function will 
constitute a ``facility'' of an exchange under the Act. See, e.g., 
PCX Order, supra note 55, at 55233-34 (considering an introducing 
broker function, order routing function, and electronic 
communications network (``ECN'') for trading securities ineligible 
for trading on ArcaEx, each provided by Wave, a broker-dealer in 
which the PCX exchange had an indirect ownership interest and that 
was affiliated with PCX's ArcaEx electronic trading facility, and 
determining that the optional order-routing function was a facility 
of PCX, but the introducing broker and ECN functions were not).
    \59\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 44201 (April 18, 
2001), 66 FR 21025, 21029 (April 26, 2001) (File No. 79-9) (Order 
Granting Application for a Conditional Exemption by the National 
Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Relating to the Acquisition 
and Operation of a Software Development Company by the Nasdaq Stock 
Market, Inc.).
    \60\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 76127 (October 9, 
2015), 80 FR 62584, 62586 n.9 (October 16, 2015) (SR-NYSE-2015-36) 
(Order Approving Proposed Rule Change amending Section 907.00 of the 
Listed Company Manual). See also supra note 58.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In this case, the Wireless Connections are provided by IDS which, 
like the Exchanges, is part of the group operating the exchange. As 
discussed above, in the case of a group such as ICE and its controlled 
subsidiaries that are operating the exchange market places, it is not 
important which corporate entity within the group directly holds a 
particular asset, so long as that asset is provided as part of the 
relevant exchange market place. Accordingly, the Wireless Connections 
are facilities of the Exchanges because they are services, in the form 
of a system of communication, offered by a group of persons providing a 
market place for bringing together purchasers and sellers of 
securities, and such services are for the purpose of effecting or 
reporting transactions on the Exchanges. In addition, the Wireless 
Connections are facilities of the Exchanges because they use the 
premises (i.e., grounds of the Mahwah Data Center) and property (e.g., 
the Data Center Pole or IDS network) of the group of persons providing 
a market place for bringing together purchasers and sellers of 
securities for such purposes. The Exchanges' arguments that they do not 
have the right to use premises and property provided by IDS or other 
ICE affiliates that contribute to the maintenance of this market place 
do not address the fact that the group operating the exchange market 
place has the right to use it.
    The Exchanges take the position that the Wireless Connections are 
not facilities of the Exchanges by focusing on the ICE subsidiaries 
that hold the exchange licenses, and not on the broader operation of 
the exchange. Specifically, the Exchanges contend that the definition 
of ``exchange'' focuses on ``the exchange entity and what it does.'' 
\61\ The Exchanges suggest that ``exchange functions'' are performed 
only by the Exchanges' SRO Systems housed in the Mahwah Data Center. 
For example, the Exchanges state that the Wireless Connections are not 
the ``premises'' of the Exchanges, reasoning that they consist of 
equipment owned by IDS and not the Exchanges.\62\ Similarly, the 
Exchanges state that the Wireless Connections are not ``property'' or 
``services'' of the Exchanges because the underlying wireless network 
is owned by, or provided through rights of, other ICE affiliates.\63\ 
The Exchanges also take the position that the Wireless Connections do 
not fall within the definition of ``facility'' of an exchange because 
they simply connect a customer's equipment in one data center to that 
customer's equipment in another data center, and do not connect 
directly to the Exchanges' trading and execution systems.\64\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \61\ See supra note 46 and accompanying text.
    \62\ See supra note 49 and accompanying text.
    \63\ See supra notes 50-51 and accompanying text.
    \64\ See supra note 51 and accompanying text.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As discussed above, the statutory definition of an ``exchange'' 
includes any group of persons that maintains a market place for 
bringing together purchasers and sellers of securities, and the 
definition of ``facility'' (applicable to an exchange) references that 
exchange definition. Acknowledging that the functions performed by a 
group of persons can constitute an exchange does not mean that all of 
the assets or services of all of the ICE affiliates are ``automatically 
collapsed'' into the Exchanges.\65\ Rather, with respect to national 
securities exchanges such as the Exchanges, only facilities ``for 
bringing together purchasers and sellers of securities or for otherwise 
performing with respect to securities the functions commonly performed 
by a stock exchange as that term is generally understood'' would be 
facilities of those exchanges.\66\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \65\ See supra note 47 and accompanying text.
    \66\ See 15 U.S.C. 78c(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Several commenters addressed the purpose of the Wireless 
Connections, stating that the Wireless Connections are services 
purchased by market participants for the purpose of effecting and 
reporting transactions on, or communicating to or from, the 
Exchanges,\67\ and are in fact used to send trading orders and receive 
market data for that purpose.\68\ The

[[Page 67049]]

Commission finds these comments persuasive, and agrees that market 
participants purchase the Wireless Bandwidth Connections offered by the 
Exchanges for the purpose of minimizing the latency of communications 
between the Mahwah co-location facility that houses the matching 
engines of the Exchanges and the Third Party Data Centers that house 
the matching engines of other exchanges trading the same securities, in 
order to enhance the efficiency of their trading strategies on the 
Exchanges and elsewhere.\69\ The Commission similarly agrees that 
market participants purchase the Wireless Market Data Connections for 
the purpose of minimizing the latency of market data produced by the 
Exchanges and transmitted to them at the Third Party Data Centers, to 
enhance the efficiency of their trading strategies on the Exchanges and 
elsewhere.\70\ Although the Exchanges take the position that the 
Wireless Connections cannot be facilities of the Exchanges because they 
do not connect directly to the Exchanges' trading and execution 
systems, the definition of facility of an exchange contains no such 
requirement. What is required for an exchange service to be a facility 
is that it be provided ``for the purpose of'' effecting or reporting a 
transaction on the Exchange which, as discussed above, is in fact the 
case.\71\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \67\ Specifically, commenters state that the reason market 
participants pay fees for the Wireless Connections is to effect 
transactions on the Exchanges. See, e.g., Letter from Thomas M. 
Merritt, Deputy General Counsel, Virtu Financial to Vanessa 
Countryman, Secretary, Commission, dated March 10, 2020 (``Virtu 
Letter I'') at 4-6, 7 (``NYSE's argument ignores the reality of 
market connectivity,'' and ``[a]s a useful analogy, no one would 
spend the money to buy a seat on an exchange floor just to sit in 
it.''); Letter from Stephen John Berger, Managing Director, Global 
Head of Government & Regulatory Policy, Citadel Securities to 
Vanessa Countryman, Secretary, Commission, dated June 12, 2020 
(``Citadel Letter'') at 1-2 (``When it is understood that the very 
purpose of the Services is to provide specific content (exchange 
market data), without which the offering makes no economic sense, 
the only conclusion is that the Services include, as a central 
component, the property of the exchange being distributed for the 
purposes of effecting transactions.'').
    \68\ See e.g., Virtu Letter I at 7 (stating that while NYSE may 
not know the exact content of the data that is being sent, the 
purpose of the data being sent over the Wireless Bandwidth 
Connections is to facilitate competitive transactions being effected 
on the Exchanges); Letter from McKay Brothers, LLC to Vanessa 
Countryman, Secretary, Commission, dated March 10, 2020 (``McKay 
Letter I'') at 6 (stating that the Wireless Connections are 
facilities of the Exchange because they may be used to effect 
transactions on the Exchange and report transactions or other market 
data disseminated from the Exchange using Exchange property (the 
``NYSE Private Pole''), and that the fact that orders and market 
data have to traverse a cross connect at the Mahwah Data Center 
before reaching the Exchanges' trading execution systems is an 
insufficient basis on which to conclude the Wireless Connections are 
not used for the purposes of effecting or reporting a transaction on 
the exchange); Letter from Tyler Gellasch, Executive Director, 
Healthy Markets Association to Vanessa Countryman, Secretary, 
Commission, dated March 9, 2020 (``Healthy Markets Letter I'') at 3 
(stating that the Exchanges have sought to defeat the operation of 
Exchange Act filing requirements by ``interpositioning'' an 
affiliate to provide exchange connectivity to customers indirectly 
instead of providing it directly); Letter from Gregory Babyak, 
Global Head of Regulatory Affairs, Bloomberg L.P. to Vanessa 
Countryman, Secretary, Commission, dated March 10, 2020 (``Bloomberg 
Letter I'') at 4 (addressing Wireless I and stating, ``it is clear 
that this is a system of communication to or from the exchange for 
`effecting or reporting a transaction of the exchange.' ''); Letter 
from Matt Haraburda, President, XR Securities LLC to Vanessa 
Countryman, Secretary, Commission, dated March 18, 2020 (``XRS 
Letter'') at 3 (addressing Wireless I, and stating ``[n]othing is 
more critical in trading than timely access to exchange systems to 
submit orders and receive market data, and the Wireless Connections 
. . . being faster even if only by a microsecond can make a 
competitive difference); Letter from Joanna Mallers, Secretary, FIA 
Principal Traders Group, to Vanessa Countryman, Secretary, 
Commission, dated May 8, 2020 (``FIA Letter'') at 3 (stating 
similarly that nothing is more critical in trading than timely 
access to exchange systems to submit orders and receive market 
data).
    \69\ The Exchanges themselves state that these and similar 
services are offered ``as a means to facilitate the trading and 
other market activities of market participants.'' See Wireless I 
Notice, supra note 3, at 8945.
    \70\ See, e.g., XRS Letter at 3 (``Nothing is more critical in 
trading than timely access to exchange systems to submit orders and 
receive market data, and the Wireless Connections have the fastest 
means of access to the Exchange via the on-premises private 
pole.''); FIA Letter at 3; SIFMA Letter at 3 (``For regulatory and 
competitive reasons, most broker-dealers feel they must purchase the 
fastest connectivity services to remain in business.'').
    \71\ In this regard, the Wireless Connections are analogous to 
co-location services. The purpose of co-location is to provide a 
service to use an exchange's premises or property (in this case, 
placing servers in its data center) for the purpose of effecting 
transactions on that exchange. To guide this inquiry, the Commission 
has in the past examined whether such services facilitate ``physical 
proximity'' to an exchange's trading systems--not direct 
connectivity. See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 61358 (January 
14, 2010), 75 FR 3594, 3610 (January 21, 2010) (``Concept Release on 
Equity Market Structure'') (emphasis added) (describing co-location 
as a service enabling market participants to place their servers in 
close physical proximity to a trading center's matching engine, and 
thereby minimize network and other types of latencies between the 
matching engine of trading centers and the servers of market 
participants). The Wireless Connections are part of this same effort 
to facilitate access to and trading activity on the Exchanges using 
exchange premises and property. See also McKay Letter I at 6 
(stating that to reasonably determine where the facilities of the 
Exchange begin, one must consider where and how one connects to the 
`last mile' cable connection,'' and, therefore that connections to 
Exchange trading systems that originate or terminate on the Mahwah 
Data Center grounds, whether they are direct or indirect, are not 
materially different from connections to Exchange trading systems 
from market participant servers in co-location).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For the reasons discussed above, the Commission also agrees that 
the Wireless Connections are facilities of the Exchanges because they 
represent premises and property of the Exchanges. These premises and 
property include the Mahwah Data Center grounds, the Data Center Pole 
and equipment thereon used as a point of access to the Mahwah Data 
Center, and the underlying IDS network uniquely connecting the Markham 
and Mahwah Data Centers.\72\ In this instance, IDS operates the 
Wireless Connections to and from Carteret and Secaucus via its 
exclusive access to the Data Center Pole.\73\ IDS also operates the 
Wireless Connections between Markham and Mahwah via its own proprietary 
wireless network. Each of these assets, irrespective of which member of 
the group holds title to it, is provided as part of the market place 
for bringing together purchasers and sellers of securities.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \72\ See First NYSE Response at 10 (``[T]he pole was built on 
grounds that ICE already leased and over which it had control for 
security purposes.''); id. at 15 (``IDS, not the Exchanges, controls 
and maintains the Wireless Connections'').
    \73\ The Exchanges propose in Partial Amendment No. 3 to make 
these Wireless Connections subject to fiber-length equalization 
measures, which, as discussed below, support a finding that such 
Wireless Connections are offered on terms that are not unfairly 
discriminatory and do not impose an unnecessary burden on 
competition; but such measures do not alter the conclusion that the 
Wireless Connections are facilities of the Exchanges. See also PCX 
Order, supra note 55, 66 FR 55225, 55233 (exchanges offering 
``advantages, such as greater access to information, improved speed 
of execution, or enhanced operational capabilities in dealing with 
the exchange might constitute unfair discrimination under the 
[Exchange] Act.'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Accordingly, the Commission finds the proposed Wireless Connections 
are facilities of the Exchanges.

B. The Proposed Rule Changes, as Modified by Partial Amendment No. 3, 
Are Consistent With the Act

1. The Applicable Standard for Review
    The Commission has historically applied a ``market-based'' test in 
its assessment of market data fees, which has also been applied in the 
context of connectivity fees, such as those proposed here.\74\ Under 
that test, the Commission considers ``whether the exchange was subject 
to significant competitive forces in setting the terms of its proposal 
. . . , including the level of any fees.'' \75\ If an exchange meets 
this burden, the Commission will find that its proposal is consistent 
with the Act unless ``there is a substantial countervailing basis to 
find that the terms'' of the proposal violate the Act or the rules 
thereunder.\76\ If an exchange cannot demonstrate that it was subject 
to significant competitive forces, it must ``provide a substantial 
basis, other than competitive forces, . . . demonstrating that the 
terms of the proposal are equitable, fair, reasonable, and not 
unreasonably discriminatory.'' \77\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \74\ See Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 85459 (March 29, 
2019), 84 FR 13363, 13367 (April 4, 2019) (File Nos. SR-BOX-2018-24; 
SR-BOX-2018-37; and SR-BOX-2019-04) (Order Disapproving Proposed 
Rule Changes To Amend the Fee Schedule on the BOX Market LLC Options 
Facility To Establish BOX Connectivity Fees for Participants and 
Non-Participants Who Connect to the BOX Network); and 88493 (March 
27, 2020) 85 FR 18617 (April 2, 2020) (File Nos. SR-BOX-2018-24; SR-
BOX-2018-37; and SR-BOX-2019-04) (Order Affirming Action by 
Delegated Authority and Disapproving Proposed Rule Changes Related 
to Connectivity and Port Fee) (``BOX Order'').
    \75\ Securities Exchange Act Release No. 59039 (December 2, 
2008), 73 FR 74770, 74781 (December 9, 2008) (``2008 ArcaBook 
Approval Order'').
    \76\ Id. See also In the Matter of the Application of SIFMA, 
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 84432, 22 (October 16, 2018), 
available at https://www.sec.gov/litigation/opinions/2018/34-84432.pdf (``SIFMA Decision''), vacated on other grounds, NASDAQ 
Stock Mkt., LLC v. SEC, 961 F.3d 421 (D.C. Cir. 2020).
    \77\ 2008 ArcaBook Approval Order, supra note 75, at 74781. See 
also SIFMA Decision, supra note 76, at 22. See also BOX Order, supra 
note 74, at 18622-24 (noting that the exchange had failed to 
demonstrate significant competitive forces, and therefore did not 
establish a basis on which to conclude that the proposed fees were 
equitable and reasonable.)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    After careful consideration of the proposed rule changes, as 
modified by Partial Amendment No. 3, comments received, and the 
Exchanges' responses thereto, the Commission finds that the proposed 
rule changes, each as modified by Partial Amendment No. 3, are 
consistent with the requirements of the Act and the rules and 
regulations thereunder applicable to a national securities 
exchange.\78\ Specifically, the Commission finds that the proposed rule 
changes, as amended, are consistent with: (1) Section 6(b)(4) of the 
Act,\79\ which requires that the rules of a national securities 
exchange provide for the equitable allocation of reasonable dues, fees, 
and other charges among its members and issuers and other persons using 
its facilities; (2) Section 6(b)(5) of

[[Page 67050]]

the Act,\80\ which requires that the rules of a national securities 
exchange be designed, among other things, to prevent fraudulent and 
manipulative acts and practices, to promote just and equitable 
principles of trade, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism 
of a free and open market and a national market system, and, in 
general, to protect investors and the public interest, and not be 
designed to permit unfair discrimination between customers, issuers, 
brokers, or dealers; and (3) Section 6(b)(8) of the Act,\81\ which 
requires that the rules of a national securities exchange do not impose 
any burden on competition not necessary or appropriate in furtherance 
of the purposes of the Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \78\ In approving the proposed rule change, the Commission has 
considered the proposed rule's impact on efficiency, competition, 
and capital formation. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
    \79\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(4).
    \80\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \81\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(8).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In support of the proposals, as amended, the Exchanges argue 
principally that the Wireless Connections are subject to significant 
competitive forces because they are offered in a competitive 
environment where substitutes are available.\82\ As discussed further 
below, the Commission believes that Partial Amendment No. 3, in which 
the Exchanges propose fiber length equalization measures to 
substantially mitigate the unique proximity advantage of the Data 
Center Pole, particularly strengthens the Exchanges' argument by 
establishing a basis upon which to find that there are substantially 
similar substitutes for the Wireless Connections offered by third party 
vendors who have not been placed at a meaningful competitive 
disadvantage created by the Exchange. Therefore, after considering the 
current competitive landscape, comments received, and Partial Amendment 
No. 3, the Commission finds that the Exchanges are subject to 
significant competitive forces in setting the terms on which they offer 
the Wireless Connections.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \82\ See infra Section III.B.2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Review of Competitive Forces Applicable to the Wireless Connections
a. Competitive Environment
    In the Wireless I and Wireless II Notices, the Exchanges state that 
the Wireless Connections are offered on terms that are reasonable, 
equitable, and not unfairly discriminatory and do not impose a burden 
on competition that is not necessary or appropriate because use of the 
Wireless Connections is voluntary and they are offered in a competitive 
environment where alternatives are available.\83\ Describing this 
competitive environment, the Exchanges state that there are at least 
three other vendors that offer market participants wireless network 
connections between the Mahwah Data Center and the Secaucus and 
Carteret Third Party Access Centers using wireless equipment installed 
on towers and buildings near the Mahwah Data Center.\84\ With respect 
to the Wireless Market Data Connections specifically, they state that 
other providers offer connectivity to Selected Market Data in the Third 
Party Data Centers, and believe that a market participant in the 
Carteret or Secaucus Third Party Data Center may purchase a wireless 
connection to the NYSE and NYSE Arca Integrated Feed data feeds from at 
least two other providers of wireless connectivity.\85\ The Exchanges 
also state that they believe competing wireless connections offered by 
non-ICE entities provide connectivity at the ``same or similar speed'' 
as the Wireless Connections, and at the ``same or similar cost.'' \86\ 
The Exchanges acknowledge that the Wireless Connections between the 
Mahwah Data Center and the Markham Third Party Data Center are the 
first public, commercially available wireless connections between the 
two points, creating a new connectivity option for customers in 
Markham.\87\ With respect to all of the Wireless Connections, however, 
the Exchanges state that some market participants have their own 
proprietary wireless networks, and that market participants may create 
a new proprietary wireless connection, connect through another market 
participant, or use fiber connections offered by the Exchanges, ICE 
affiliates, other service providers, and third party telecommunications 
providers.\88\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \83\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8943-44; Wireless 
II Notice, supra note 8, at 10757-59.
    \84\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8942.
    \85\ See Wireless II Notice, supra note 8, at 10757.
    \86\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8943; Wireless II 
Notice, supra note 8, at 10757.
    \87\ See id. Notably, the proposed Markham services do not rely 
upon the Data Center Pole. See supra note 32.
    \88\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8943; Wireless II 
Notice, supra note 8, at 10757.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchanges acknowledge that the Wireless Connections between the 
Mahwah Data Center and Carteret and Secaucus currently rely upon the 
Data Center Pole, to which access is restricted,\89\ but state that the 
access to such pole is not required for third parties to compete,\90\ 
because (i) proximity to a data center is not the only determinant of a 
wireless network's speed; \91\ (ii) latency is not the only 
consideration that a market participant may have in selecting a 
wireless network; \92\ and (iii) fiber network connections may 
sometimes be more attractive since they are more reliable and less 
susceptible to weather conditions.\93\ In the Exchanges' view, the 
location of the Data Center Pole to which ICE affiliates have exclusive 
access should not be determinative of whether third-party wireless 
connectivity providers can compete with IDS.\94\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \89\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8943; Wireless II 
Notice, supra note 8, at 10759. The Exchanges state that IDS does 
not sell rights to third parties to operate wireless equipment on 
the pole due to space limitations, security concerns, and the 
interference that would arise between equipment placed too closely 
together. See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8945; Wireless II 
Notice, supra note 8, at 10759.
    \90\ See id.
    \91\ See id. According to the Exchanges, other relevant 
variables include the wireless equipment utilized; the route of, and 
number of towers or buildings in, the network; and the fiber 
equipment used at either end of the connection. See id.
    \92\ See id. According to the Exchanges, other considerations 
may include the bandwidth of the offered connection; amount of 
network uptime; the equipment that the network uses; the cost of the 
connection; and the applicable contractual provisions. See id.
    \93\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8943; Wireless II 
Notice, supra note 8, at 10757.
    \94\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8944-45; Wireless 
II Notice, supra note 8, at 10759.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchanges state that the proposed pricing is reasonable because 
the services are voluntary, market participants may select the 
connectivity options that best suit their needs, and the fees reflect 
the benefit received by customers in terms of lower latency over the 
fiber optics options.\95\ The Exchanges believe that the proposals 
involve an equitable allocation of fees among market participants 
because such fees would apply to all market participants equally and 
would not apply differently to distinct types or sizes of market 
participants.\96\ In addition, the various options proposed offer 
market participants additional choices that they can select to best 
suit their needs.\97\ For similar reasons, the Exchanges argue that the 
proposals are not unfairly discriminatory.\98\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \95\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8943-44; Wireless 
II Notice, supra note 8, at 10757-58.
    \96\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8944; Wireless II 
Notice, supra note 8, at 10758.
    \97\ See id.
    \98\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8944; Wireless II 
Notice, supra note 8, at 10758-59.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchanges also state that, because substitute connectivity 
providers are available, the proposals do not impose an unnecessary or 
inappropriate burden on competition.\99\ According to the Exchanges, 
the proposals do not affect competition among national securities 
exchanges or among members of the

[[Page 67051]]

Exchanges.\100\ Rather the Exchanges state that their filing of the 
proposals puts IDS at a competitive disadvantage relative to its 
commercial competitors that are not subject to filing requirements of 
Section 19(b) of the Act.\101\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \99\ See Wireless I Notice, supra note 3, at 8944-45; Wireless 
II Notice, supra note 8, at 10759.
    \100\ See id.
    \101\ See id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Commenters on the original proposals disagreed. Because the 
Wireless Connections to the Secaucus and Carteret Third Party Data 
Centers begin and end at the Data Center Pole which is closer to the 
Exchanges' trading and execution systems than all other poles, 
commenters objected that IDS's exclusive access to the Data Center Pole 
would make fair competition in the relevant market impossible.\102\ In 
short, commenters stated that the disparity in access to the Data 
Center Pole would give IDS an exclusive geographic latency advantage 
enabling IDS to provide the fastest possible means of communication to 
the Exchanges that competitors could not overcome.\103\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \102\ See generally McKay Letter I; Bloomberg Letter I; Virtu 
Letter I; XRS Letter; FIA Letter; SIFMA Letter I, Letter from Jim 
Considine, Chief Financial Officer, McKay Brothers, LLC to Vanessa 
Countryman, Secretary, Commission, dated March 17, 2020 (``McKay 
Letter II''); Letter from Andrew Stevens, General Counsel, IMC 
Financial Markets to Vanessa Countryman, Secretary, Commission, 
dated March 12, 2020 (``IMC Letter''). See also Citadel Letter 
(stating its view that rigorous regulatory oversight over the 
``modern version of the door of the exchange'' is necessary).
    \103\ See, e.g., McKay Letter I at 8-10; (``McKay Letter II'') 
at 3; Bloomberg Letter I at 4; IMC Letter at 2; XRS Letter at 1-2; 
Virtu Letter I at 3, 8-10; FIA Letter at 3; SIFMA Letter I at 3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    One of these commenters estimated the Data Center Pole to be 
``approximately 700 feet closer to the NYSE matching engine'' than the 
closest commercial poles available to all other wireless connectivity 
vendors.\104\ This commenter stated that ``timely receipt of market 
data is essential to trading competitively in today's markets,'' \105\ 
and while it may not seem like a significant distance, ``the delay of 
data through 700 feet of fiber is meaningful in today's markets.'' 
\106\ This commenter and others believed that the Wireless Connections, 
as originally proposed, were designed with a structural geographic 
latency advantage rendering the availability of true substitutes 
impossible, and therefore that the Wireless Connections were in fact 
proposed to be offered on terms that were unfairly discriminatory and 
would impose an inappropriate burden on competition, inconsistent with 
the Exchange Act.\107\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \104\ See McKay Letter I at 8-11 (noting that its distance 
estimate is a good-faith, educated guess, but that additional 
transparency on the matter is needed). This commenter also states 
that distribution of Selected Market Data via the Wireless Market 
Data Connections is discriminatory because it is distributed in a 
different manner than Selected Market Data obtained otherwise than 
via the Wireless Connections. See McKay Letter II at 2-3.
    \105\ Id. at 3.
    \106\ See McKay Letter I at 8.
    \107\ See McKay Letter I at 2, 8-12; McKay Letter II at 2-3. See 
also IMC Letter at 2 (``In a market where equidistant cabling is 
required for connections between a participant's co-located customer 
equipment to the Exchange's matching engine, NYSE's suggestion that 
the 700 foot difference between the NYSE Pole and others outside 
their premises is immaterial is ludicrous.''); FIA Letter at 2; 
McKay Letter I at 11; XRS Letter at 2-3. An additional commenter 
states that the contention that there is competition for exchange 
connectivity, and that other providers can offer the same or similar 
access and latency is ``simply false.'' See Virtu Letter I at 9. 
This commenter also contrasts exclusive access to the private pole 
with the Exchanges offering third-party firms the option to co-
locate on their premises through other means. See id. at 2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Relatedly, some commenters stated that restricted access to the 
Data Center Pole would enable the Exchanges to charge unreasonable or 
unfairly discriminatory fees.\108\ One commenter stated that connecting 
to the Exchanges through another means, such as through fiber-optic 
cables or another connectivity service rather than through the Wireless 
Connections, results in a slower connection that harms a broker-
dealer's ability to provide best execution to clients.\109\ The 
commenter further stated that for regulatory and competitive reasons, 
most broker-dealers feel they must purchase the fastest connectivity 
services to remain in business--without regard to the price of the 
Exchanges' connectivity service offerings compared to 
alternatives.\110\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \108\ See, e.g., Bloomberg Letter I at 5 (adding that the 
``little to no attempt'' is made to discuss the implications of the 
exclusive privilege afforded to IDS to operate the Wireless 
Connections that are on the Mahwah Data Center property); Virtu 
Letter I at 2; SIFMA Letter I at 3 (addressing the Wireless Market 
Data Connections specifically).
    \109\ See SIFMA Letter I at 3.
    \110\ See id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchanges submitted a response to these comments defending 
their view that the Wireless Connections were subject to 
competition.\111\ ``While having a pole 700 feet closer to a facility 
is a positive factor for latency,'' they stated, ``it is just one of a 
list of factors that determine the network's latency levels.'' \112\ 
According to the Exchanges, the fact that the Wireless Connections and 
Data Center are not new and competition has ``continued to develop'' 
since 2016 demonstrates that use of the Data Center Pole is not 
required for third parties to compete with the Wireless 
Connections.\113\ The Exchanges further defended the choice to limit 
access to the Data Center Pole, noting that it is smaller than 
commercial poles and that space limitations, security concerns, and 
interference are practical factors that are a ``real concern.'' \114\ 
They also stated that IDS does not believe that its wireless network 
offers the fastest commercial option, and market participants ``often 
choose not to use IDS.'' \115\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \111\ See generally First NYSE Response (stating that approval 
of the Wireless I and Wireless II proposals would enhance 
competition, while disapproval would reduce the number of 
competitors offering wireless connectivity services).
    \112\ See id. at 6. The Exchanges state that contrary to the 
suggestion of some commenters, the Wireless Connections do not use 
the Mahwah Data Center roof, nor does IDS expect to put any 
equipment on the roof for any services it offers or allow others to 
do so. See id. at 5.
    \113\ See id. at 6.
    \114\ See id. at 7.
    \115\ See id. at 5-6.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Several commenters responded that these arguments were 
unpersuasive,\116\ with one commenter in particular emphasizing that 
the key issue was not whether competition exists, but whether that 
competition is fair.\117\ This commenter stated that space limitations, 
security concerns, and interference on the Data Center Pole were not a 
justification for the exclusive latency advantage for which the 
Exchanges were seeking approval, nor an explanation for why that 
advantage did not constitute unfair discrimination or a burden on 
competition not necessary or appropriate in furtherance of the 
Act.\118\ Estimating the apparent geographic latency advantage to be 
approximately 700 feet (or approximately 1 microsecond), this commenter 
also expressed concern about the potential for less obvious ways that 
an exchange or its preferred provider might benefit from undisclosed 
latency advantages.\119\ The commenter urged that the relevant inquiry 
with respect to the Wireless Connections is a comparison of (i) the 
length and latency of the connection between the matching engine and 
Mahwah Data Center Pole relative to (ii) the length and latency of the 
connection

[[Page 67052]]

between the matching engine and the nearest public pole.\120\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \116\ See Letter from McKay Brothers, LLC to Vanessa Countryman, 
Secretary, Commission, dated June 12, 2020 (``McKay Letter III at 2; 
Letter from Gregory Babyak, Global Head of Regulatory Affairs, 
Bloomberg L.P. to Vanessa Countryman, Secretary, Commission, dated 
June 12, 2020 (``Bloomberg Letter II'') at 4.
    \117\ See McKay Letter III at 4-7, 9, 9 n.33 (stating that its 
focus was on the segment closest to the Exchanges' data center that 
``no competitor can replicate.'').
    \118\ Id. at 1-2.
    \119\ See id. at 9 (noting that some connections may have a 
longer fiber route than others within a data center or may have to 
go through various equipment or meet me rooms that an affiliate or 
preferred provider of an exchange does not).
    \120\ Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Following the submission of these comments, the Exchanges filed 
Partial Amendment No. 1, and a second response letter, proposing to add 
new rules to ``negate proximity differences and articulate a 
connectivity policy that requires the length of the connection into the 
data center from the Data Center Pole to be no less than the connection 
from the closest commercial pole to the same point.'' \121\ Commenters 
on Partial Amendment No. 1 generally commended the Exchanges' efforts 
to eliminate any unfair competitive advantage enjoyed by the Wireless 
Connections,\122\ but some expressed concern that Partial Amendment No. 
1 lacked a firm commitment and sufficient detail to establish that the 
Exchanges were in fact proposing a level playing field for 
competitors.\123\ One commenter, however, stated that limiting IDS's 
geographic advantage ``should provide other wireless connectivity 
service providers with the opportunity to compete with [IDS],'' and 
that despite the Exchanges proposing to charge market participants a 
significant initial fee and recurring monthly fees per wireless 
connection, ``the fact that competitors can offer the same level of 
wireless connectivity services should constrain the price for NYSE's 
wireless connectivity services.'' \124\ This commenter urged the 
Commission to continue to monitor for other restrictions or conditions 
that would give IDS an advantage over competitors and consequently 
affect the ability for market participants to choose competing wireless 
connectivity services.\125\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \121\ See Letter from Elizabeth K. King, Chief Regulatory 
Officer, ICE, General Counsel & Corporate Secretary, NYSE, to 
Vanessa Countryman, Secretary, Commission, dated July 31, 2020, 
responding to comments on Wireless I and Wireless II and describing 
Partial Amendment No. 1 (``Second NYSE Response'') at 4. 
Subsequently, IDS also submitted a comment letter stating that it 
``strongly supports and agrees with'' the First NYSE Response and 
Second NYSE Response. See letter from Doris Choi, Co-General 
Counsel, ICE Data Services, to Vanessa Countryman, Secretary, 
Commission, dated September 14, 2020 at 2.
    \122\ See Letter from Jim Considine, Chief Financial Officer, 
McKay Brothers, LLC to Vanessa Countryman, Secretary, Commission, 
dated August 28, 2020 (``McKay Letter IV'') at 1-2; Letter from 
Thomas M. Merritt, Deputy General Counsel, Virtu Financial to 
Vanessa Countryman, Secretary, Commission, dated August 28, 2020 
(``Virtu Letter II'') at 2; Letter from Ellen Greene, Managing 
Director, Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association, to 
Vanessa Countryman, Secretary, Commission, dated September 2, 2020 
(``SIFMA Letter II'') at 3.
    \123\ See, e.g., McKay Letter IV at 2-4, 6-8 (stating that the 
Exchanges should commit to retiring the exclusive Data Center Pole 
in the long term, but expressing support in the short term for a 
latency neutralization policy with additional detail and a firmer 
commitment to achieve latency neutralization (e.g., with a revised 
definition of Data Center Pole to prevent the Exchanges from 
circumventing latency restrictions by opening the Data Center Pole 
to a limited number of affiliates or third parties without providing 
fair and equal access to all), and a commitment to equalize the 
length of the public fiber path to a customer's cabinet in co-
location (as opposed to the more general ``length of the connection 
to the network row''), and account for the air path to each Third 
Party Data Center); Virtu Letter II at 2 (arguing similarly for 
additional details and a firmer commitment to achieve latency 
neutralization); Letter from Tyler Gellasch, Executive Director, 
Healthy Markets Association to Vanessa Countryman, Secretary, 
Commission, dated September 11, 2020 (``Healthy Markets Letter II'') 
at 5 (``To what extent does Amendment No. 1 re-level the playing 
field between third-party providers and ICE Data Services?''). See 
also Letter from Gregory Babyak, Global Head of Regulatory Affairs, 
Bloomberg L.P. to Vanessa Countryman, Secretary, Commission, dated 
August 28, 2020 (``Bloomberg Letter III'') at 3 (arguing that the 
Exchanges still had not justified adequately the proposed fees or 
provided information that would allow the Commission to determine 
their consistency with the Act); Healthy Markets Letter II at 4-5 
(similarly arguing that the Exchanges' proposals, as modified by 
Partial Amendment No. 1, did not provide adequate information to 
establish that the proposals are not unfairly discriminatory, impose 
reasonable and equitably allocated fees, and do not impose undue 
burdens on competition).
    \124\ See SIFMA Letter II at 3.
    \125\ See id. at 4 (adding that SIFMA would not support 
``practices that cannot be copied by competitors.''). See also Virtu 
Letter at 3 (``[W]e encourage NYSE and other exchanges be vigilant 
in ensuring that such offerings continue to be made available on 
fair and reasonable terms.'').
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Following the submission of these comments, the Exchanges withdrew 
Partial Amendment No. 1 and replaced it in its entirety with Partial 
Amendment No. 2.\126\ In response to commenters' concerns, the 
Exchanges represented that they are ``committed to the principal of 
having no measurable latency differential due to [their] use of a Data 
Center Pole,'' \127\ and made several changes to the measures proposed 
in Partial Amendment No. 1. Specifically, the Exchanges revised their 
proposed definition of ``Data Center Pole'' to define it by reference 
to its location on the grounds of the Mahwah Data Center, instead of 
defining it by which entities have access to it.\128\ The Exchanges 
also added further specificity to their proposed measures, such as by 
describing the relevant length of equalization as the ``fiber path,'' 
and clarifying that the ``Data Center Pole'' or ``Commercial Pole'' 
includes ``a pole or other structure'' holding wireless equipment.\129\ 
In addition, with respect to the Wireless Bandwidth Connections 
specifically, the Exchanges proposed to use the ``Patch Panel Point'' 
as the ``end point'' for the fiber length measurements.\130\ Partial 
Amendment No. 2 did not incorporate the commenter suggestion that the 
Exchanges account for ``over-the-air'' latency differentials between 
the Data Center Pole and the Closest Commercial Pole with respect to 
each Third Party Data Center, arguing that any measurements of over-
the-air distances to the Third Party Data Centers would be ``arbitrary 
at best.'' \131\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \126\ See supra note 15 and accompanying text.
    \127\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 2, supra note 15, at 
10; Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 2, supra note 15, at 10.
    \128\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 2, supra note 15, at 
5; Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 2, supra note 15, at 5.
    \129\ See id. (emphasis added).
    \130\ The Exchanges represent that every provider of wireless 
connectivity to co-location customers, including IDS and each of its 
competitors, is connected to the Patch Panel Point, and that the 
length of the fiber path from the Patch Panel Point to each Customer 
Cabinet is the same. The proposed rules would therefore account for 
distances within the Mahwah Data Center by measuring to and from the 
Patch Panel Point, after which end point the fiber path length to 
each Customer Cabinet is already equalized. See Wireless I Partial 
Amendment No. 2, supra note 15, at 6.
    \131\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 2, supra note 15, at 
6; Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 2, supra note 15, at 5-6. The 
Exchanges also explain that they did not incorporate this suggestion 
since the proposed rule addresses the distance between any Data 
Center Pole and the Patch Panel Point, not the distance between a 
Data Center Pole and Third Party Data Centers. The Exchanges believe 
their proposed approach is reasonable, citing as support McKay 
Letter III, which stated that ``the relevant comparison is (a) the 
length and latency of the connection between the matching engine and 
the NYSE Private Pole relative to (b) the length and latency of the 
connection between the matching engine and the nearest public 
pole.'' See id. See also supra note 120 and accompanying text.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition, the Exchanges made several additional representations 
in Partial Amendment No. 2. Among them, the Exchanges represented that 
they would monitor their own compliance with the proposed rules.\132\ 
In response to commenter requests that the proposed rules address what 
would happen if the Exchanges or an ICE affiliate used a wireless pole 
on private property off the grounds of the Mahwah Data Center, each of 
the Exchanges represented that ``the Exchange and IDS would have no 
special access or exclusive rights with respect to any commercial pole 
off the grounds of the Mahwah data center,'' and that ``[t]hey would 
compete for the use of such grounds or any pole built on them, just 
like IDS does for the other poles in its wireless network.'' \133\ In 
addition, the Exchanges represented that ``if the rule is approved, 
once the required changes

[[Page 67053]]

are implemented, the Exchange[s] commit[] to have the latency of the 
fiber route between the Data Center Pole and Patch Panel Point 
measured.'' \134\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \132\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 2, supra note 15, at 
11 (``The Exchange will monitor its compliance with the proposed 
rule.''); Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 2, supra note 15, at 10.
    \133\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 2, supra note 15, at 
6-7; Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 2, supra note 15, at 6.
    \134\ Specifically, ``[i]f a third party that uses the closest 
Commercial Pole allows the Exchange or its ICE Affiliate to measure 
the latency of its fiber route between the closest Commercial Pole 
and the Patch Panel Point, the Exchange undertakes to ensure that 
its latency is no less than that third party's latency, so long as 
(a) the third party equipment is the same or substantially similar 
to the equipment that the Exchange or its ICE Affiliate uses, and 
(b) the third party allows the Exchange or its ICE Affiliate to make 
latency measurements at least annually.'' See Wireless I Partial 
Amendment No. 2, supra note 15, at 6-7. See also Wireless II Partial 
Amendment No. 2, supra note 15, at 10-11 (committing similarly to 
have the latency of the fiber route between the Data Center Pole and 
the Production Point measured).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Commission received two comment letters on Partial Amendment 
No. 2 before it was withdrawn. One commenter commended the Exchanges' 
additional measures, but objected that the Exchanges' efforts to 
neutralize the advantages enjoyed by the Wireless Connections are 
incomplete without, at a minimum, accounting for over-the-air 
geographic differences in connecting to Third Party Data Centers.\135\ 
This commenter previously argued that, after accounting for ``over-the-
air latency differentials'' between the Data Center Pole and the 
``closest'' commercial pole with respect to each Third Party Data 
Center, a single ``closest'' commercial pole may be the closest for a 
connection to one Third Party Data Center but not another.\136\ The 
other commenter concurred and further opined that the ``fairest 
configuration would be to have all equipment located together.'' \137\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \135\ See Letter from Jim Considine, Chief Financial Officer, 
McKay Brothers, LLC to Vanessa Countryman, Secretary, Commission, 
dated September 21, 2020 (``McKay Letter V'') at 1-2. This commenter 
also questions whether the Exchanges' statement that the length of 
the fiber path from the Patch Panel Point to each customer cabinet 
in the space used for co-location in the Mahwah Data Center is the 
same as committing to equalize latency between those two points. See 
id. at 5.
    \136\ See McKay Letter IV at 6 (commenting on Partial Amendment 
No. 1). For example, according to this commenter, the closest 
commercial pole for a connection from the Mahwah Data Center to the 
Third Party Data Center in Carteret (south of the Mahwah Data 
Center) may be different than for a connection from the Third Party 
Data Center in Markham (north of the Mahwah Data Center). See id.
    \137\ See Letter from Joanna Mallers, Secretary, FIA Principal 
Traders Group, to Vanessa Countryman, Secretary, Commission, dated 
September 25, 2020 at 2.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Following the submission of these comments, the Exchanges withdrew 
Partial Amendment No. 2 and replaced it in its entirety with Partial 
Amendment No. 3.\138\ In Partial Amendment No. 3, the Exchanges propose 
the same measures as those proposed in Partial Amendment No. 2, but now 
further propose to account for ``over-the-air'' distances in connecting 
to Third Party Data Centers.\139\ Specifically, as described in more 
detail above,\140\ and as suggested by commenters, the Exchanges 
propose to use geodesic distances in comparing the distances between 
the Data Center Pole and the Closest Commercial Pole in relation to the 
relevant Third Party Data Center.\141\ The Exchanges believe that these 
measures take into account commenter concern that `` `irrespective of 
the route taken from Nasdaq Inc.'s . . . data center in Carteret to the 
Mahwah Data Center, the minimum distance that must be traveled is 
shorter via the Data Center Pole than via the closest commercial pole.' 
'' \142\ In addition, the Exchanges again represent they that would 
each monitor their own compliance with the proposed rules.\143\ They 
also again represent that if the Exchanges or an ICE affiliate used a 
wireless pole on private property off the grounds of the Mahwah Data 
Center, then ``the Exchange and IDS would have no special access or 
exclusive rights with respect to any commercial pole off the grounds of 
the Mahwah data center,'' and ``[t]hey would compete for the use of 
such grounds or any pole built on them, just like IDS does for the 
other poles in its wireless network.'' \144\ Further, the Exchanges 
again represent that ``if the rule is approved, once the required 
changes are implemented, the Exchange[s] commit[] to have the latency 
of the fiber route between the Data Center Pole and Patch Panel Point 
measured.'' \145\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \138\ See supra note 16 and accompanying text.
    \139\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 
6; Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 6.
    \140\ See also supra Section III.A (describing the measures 
proposed in Partial Amendment No. 3).
    \141\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 
6; Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 6. The 
Exchanges state that ``[t]his approach is consistent with comments 
received.'' See id. (footnote omitted) (citing McKay Letter IV at 6-
7). See also McKay Letter IV at 6-7 (footnote omitted) (emphasis 
added) (proposing that, for each Third Party Data Center, the 
Exchanges' rules require that latency be equalized between the Data 
Center Pole and the Closest Commercial Pole based on ``the sum of 
(i) the fiber length from each pole into the Data Center; and (ii) 
any differential (positive or negative) in geodesic distance between 
the pole and the third party data center.'').
    \142\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 
6 (quoting McKay Letter V at 4); Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 
3, supra note 16, at 6. See also supra note 136 and accompanying 
text.
    \143\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 
11 (``The Exchange will monitor its compliance with the proposed 
rule.''); Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 11.
    \144\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 
6; Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 6.
    \145\ Specifically, ``[i]f a third party that uses the closest 
Commercial Pole allows the Exchange or its ICE Affiliate to measure 
the latency of its fiber route between the closest Commercial Pole 
and the Patch Panel Point, the Exchange undertakes to ensure that 
its latency is no less than that third party's latency, so long as 
(a) the third party equipment is the same or substantially similar 
to the equipment that the Exchange or its ICE Affiliate uses, and 
(b) the third party allows the Exchange or its ICE Affiliate to make 
latency measurements at least annually.'' See Wireless I Partial 
Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 11. See also Wireless II Partial 
Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 11 (committing similarly to have 
the latency of the fiber route between the Data Center Pole and the 
Production Point measured). The Exchanges state that because no 
known commercial provider (including ICE affiliates) has a network 
that follows the geodesic route, and because the routes they do 
follow are both changeable and not publicly available, the Exchanges 
cannot ensure that they would have access to the information 
required to measure what differences exist in the path followed 
between the Closest Commercial Pole and any Third Party Data Center. 
See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 6; 
Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 6.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

b. Application of the Market Based Test
    As discussed above,\146\ the Commission's market-based test 
considers ``whether the exchange was subject to significant competitive 
forces in setting the terms of its proposal . . ., including the level 
of any fees.'' \147\ If an exchange meets this burden, then the 
Commission will find that its proposal is consistent with the Act 
unless ``there is a substantial countervailing basis to find that the 
terms'' of the proposal violate the Act or the rules thereunder,\148\ 
as discussed further below.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \146\ See supra Section III.B.1.
    \147\ See ArcaBook Approval Order, supra note 75, at 74781 
(emphasis added). If an exchange cannot demonstrate that it was 
subject to significant competitive forces, it must ``provide a 
substantial basis, other than competitive forces, . . . 
demonstrating that the terms of the proposal are equitable, fair, 
reasonable, and not unreasonably discriminatory.'' Id.
    \148\ Id. (emphasis added).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Commission believes the Exchanges have demonstrated that they 
are subject to significant competitive forces in setting the terms on 
which they offer Wireless Connections through the Data Center Pole, in 
particular because substantially similar substitutes are 
available.\149\ The Commission has indicated that the availability of 
alternatives can impose competitive restraints to ensure that the 
Exchanges act equitably, fairly, and reasonably.\150\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \149\ See ArcaBook Approval Order, supra note 75, at 74785; 
SIFMA Decision, supra note 76, at 43-44 (citation omitted) (``We 
recognize that products need not be identical to be 
substitutable.'').
    \150\ See ArcaBook Approval Order, supra note 75, at 74785.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Exchanges describe several competing wireless connections 
offered

[[Page 67054]]

by non-ICE entities that they state provide connectivity at the ``same 
or similar speed'' as the Wireless Connections, and at the ``same or 
similar cost,'' \151\ and state that some market participants have 
their own proprietary wireless networks, as well as that market 
participants may create a new proprietary wireless connection, connect 
through another market participant, or use fiber connections offered by 
the Exchanges, ICE affiliates, other service providers, and third party 
telecommunications providers.\152\ With respect to the Wireless 
Connections with Carteret and Secaucus, which make use of the Data 
Center Pole, commenters (including competitors to IDS as well as market 
participants choosing among competitors) objected that IDS's exclusive 
access to the Data Center Pole and its associated geographic latency 
advantage would essentially make the availability of true substitutes 
impossible. In Partial Amendment No. 3, however, the Exchanges 
substantially mitigate the geographic latency advantage by adding rules 
requiring fiber-length equalization measures on the segment closest to 
the Exchanges' data center over which they have control and which take 
into account the geodesic (or ``over-the-air'') distance of each Third 
Party Data Center. As such, the measures proposed in Partial Amendment 
No. 3 allow competitors to offer a more similar service than they 
otherwise could in the absence of these measures.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \151\ See supra note 86 and accompanying text.
    \152\ See supra note 88 and accompanying text.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Some commenters stated that the Exchanges should also commit to 
providing competitors with full access to the Data Center Pole to level 
the playing field completely. While doing so may further reduce the 
potential for differences between competing services, as previously 
stated, services need not be identical to be substitutable.\153\ 
Separately, the Wireless Connections with Markham do not use the Data 
Center Pole,\154\ and one commenter states that ``there appears to be a 
level playing field for all market participants choosing to access 
NYSE's offering in Markham.'' \155\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \153\ See supra notes 146-150 and accompanying text.
    \154\ See supra note 32.
    \155\ Virtu Letter II at 3.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Based on the record, the Commission believes that there are 
alternatives to the Wireless Connections and Partial Amendment No. 3 is 
designed to further ensure that competitors can offer wireless 
connectivity services sufficiently comparable to those offered by the 
Exchanges. Thus, the Commission finds that the Exchanges are subject to 
significant competitive forces that constrain the terms on which the 
Wireless Connections are offered, and will approve the proposals, as 
amended, because there is no substantial countervailing basis to find 
that the terms of the proposals, as amended, violate the Act or the 
rules thereunder.\156\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \156\ See BOX Order, supra note 74, at 18620-21 (applying the 
Commission's market-based test).
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    As discussed above, commenters on the original proposals argued 
that the Exchanges had not met their burden of demonstrating that the 
Wireless Connections are consistent with the Act because the proximity 
of the Data Center Pole to the Mahwah Data Center and IDS's exclusive 
access to it conferred an insurmountable geographic latency advantage 
to IDS that was unfairly discriminatory and an inappropriate burden on 
competition.\157\ In response to these comments and others, the 
Exchanges have proposed new rules to substantially mitigate the 
geographic latency advantage associated with the Data Center Pole, 
thereby ensuring that competing wireless connectivity service providers 
will have the opportunity to compete without the measurable and 
ostensible geographic latency advantage the Wireless Connections would 
otherwise have by virtue of the location of a Data Center Pole, and 
offer wireless connectivity services sufficiently comparable to the 
Wireless Connections.\158\ Accordingly, the Commission finds that the 
Wireless Connections are not offered on terms that are unfairly 
discriminatory or would impose an inappropriate burden on competition, 
and otherwise finds no substantial countervailing basis on which to 
disapprove the proposals, as amended.\159\
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    \157\ See supra notes 103, 107, 122-125 and accompanying text.
    \158\ See supra notes 122-125 and accompanying text (referencing 
comments that the originally proposed unfair competitive advantage 
could be addressed).
    \159\ The Exchanges argue that their filing of the proposals 
puts IDS at a competitive disadvantage relative to its commercial 
competitors that are not subject to the filing requirements of 
Section 19(b) of the Act. Because the Wireless Connections are 
facilities of the Exchanges, however, the Commission must assess 
whether the terms on which they are offered are consistent with the 
Exchange Act.
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    Based on its finding that there are substantially similar 
substitutes to the Wireless Connections that bring significant 
competitive forces to bear on the equitableness and reasonableness of 
fees, the Commission finds the proposed rule changes, as modified by 
Partial Amendment No. 3, to be consistent with Section 6(b)(4) of the 
Act,\160\ which requires that the rules of a national securities 
exchange provide for the equitable allocation of reasonable dues, fees, 
and other charges among its members and issuers and other persons using 
its facilities.
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    \160\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(4).
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    Further, because the Wireless Connections are designed to offer 
market participants a means to minimize the latency of their 
communications and receipt of Selected Market Data and thereby enhance 
the efficiency of their trading strategies on the Exchanges and 
elsewhere, and competitors may offer a similar level of services as a 
result of the fiber-length equalization measures, the Commission finds 
the proposals to be consistent with the Section 6(b)(5) of the Act, 
which requires that the rules of a national securities exchange be 
designed to promote just and equitable principles of trade, to remove 
impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and 
a national market system, and in general, to protect investors and the 
public interest, and not be designed to permit unfair discrimination 
between customers, issuers, brokers, or dealers.\161\
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    \161\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
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    In addition, the Commission believes that the fiber-length 
equalization measures proposed in Partial Amendment No. 3 will enhance 
competition in the market for wireless connectivity services between 
the Mahwah Data Center and Third Party Data Centers, and therefore that 
the proposals, as amended, are consistent with Section 6(b)(8) of the 
Act, which prohibits any national securities exchange rule from 
imposing any burden on competition that is not necessary or appropriate 
in furtherance of the Act.
    In making these findings, the Commission has also taken into 
consideration certain representations made by the Exchanges in Partial 
Amendment No. 3.\162\ Consistent with their representations, the 
Commission expects the Exchanges to adhere to the principle of having 
no measurable latency differential due to their use of the Data Center 
Pole.\163\ Further, the Commission expects the Exchanges, as well as 
the Commission staff, to monitor the Wireless Connections, particularly 
as market conditions and technology evolve, to assess whether 
conditions continue to permit competitors to offer

[[Page 67055]]

substantially similar substitutes for the Wireless Connections.
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    \162\ See discussion of Partial Amendment No. 3 supra.
    \163\ See Wireless I Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 
10; Wireless II Partial Amendment No. 3, supra note 16, at 10.
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IV. Solicitation of Comments on Partial Amendment No. 3

    Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and 
arguments concerning the foregoing, including whether Partial Amendment 
No. 3 to each of the Wireless I and Wireless II proposals is consistent 
with the Act. Comments may be submitted by any of the following 
methods:

Electronic Comments

     Use the Commission's internet comment form (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml); or
     Send an email to rule-comments@sec.gov. Please include 
File Nos. SR-NYSE-2020-05, SR-NYSEAMER-2020-05, SR-NYSEArca-2020-08, 
SR-NYSECHX-2020-02, SR-NYSENAT-2020-03, SR-NYSE-2020-11, SR-NYSEAMER-
2020-10, SR-NYSEArca-2020-15, SR-NYSECHX-2020-05, SR-NYSENAT-2020-08 on 
the subject line.

Paper Comments

     Send paper comments in triplicate to Secretary, Securities 
and Exchange Commission, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549-1090.

All submissions should refer to File Nos. SR-NYSE-2020-05, SR-NYSEAMER-
2020-05, SR-NYSEArca-2020-08, SR-NYSECHX-2020-02, SR-NYSENAT-2020-03, 
SR-NYSE-2020-11, SR-NYSEAMER-2020-10, SR-NYSEArca-2020-15, SR-NYSECHX-
2020-05, and SR-NYSENAT-2020-08. The file numbers should be included on 
the subject line if email is used. To help the Commission process and 
review your comments more efficiently, please use only one method. The 
Commission will post all comments on the Commission's internet website 
(http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml). Copies of the submission, all 
subsequent amendments, all written statements with respect to the 
proposed rule change that are filed with the Commission, and all 
written communications relating to the proposed rule change between the 
Commission and any person, other than those that may be withheld from 
the public in accordance with the provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be 
available for website viewing and printing in the Commission's Public 
Reference Room, 100 F Street NE, Washington, DC 20549, on official 
business days between the hours of 10:00 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. Copies of 
such filing also will be available for inspection and copying at the 
principal office of the Exchanges. All comments received will be posted 
without change. Persons submitting comments are cautioned that we do 
not redact or edit personal identifying information from comment 
submissions. You should submit only information that you wish to make 
publicly available. All submissions should refer to File Nos. SR-NYSE-
2020-05, SR-NYSEAMER-2020-05, SR-NYSEArca-2020-08, SR-NYSECHX-2020-02, 
SR-NYSENAT-2020-03, SR-NYSE-2020-11, SR-NYSEAMER-2020-10, SR-NYSEArca-
2020-15, SR-NYSECHX-2020-05, and SR-NYSENAT-2020-08 and should be 
submitted on or before November 12, 2020.

V. Accelerated Approval of Proposed Rule Changes, as Modified by 
Partial Amendment No. 3

    The Commission finds good cause to approve the proposed rule 
changes, each as modified by Partial Amendment No. 3, prior to the 
thirtieth day after the date of publication of notice of the amended 
proposal in the Federal Register. The revisions made to the proposals 
in Partial Amendment No. 3 would place restrictions on the use of a 
pole or other structure on the grounds of the Mahwah, New Jersey data 
center that is used for the Wireless Connections. The Commission 
believes that Partial Amendment No. 3 addresses issues raised by the 
comments and provides substantially greater support for the conclusion 
that the Wireless Connections are offered in a market characterized by 
significant competition in which substantially similar substitutes are 
available. Further, approval of the proposals will permit competition 
to continue, rather than reduce the number of competitors in the market 
for wireless connectivity services. Accordingly, the Commission finds 
good cause, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the Act,\164\ to approve 
the proposed rule changes, each as modified by Partial Amendment No. 3, 
on an accelerated basis.
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    \164\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
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VI. Conclusion

    It is therefore ordered, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the 
Act,\165\ that the proposed rule changes (SR-NYSE-2020-05, SR-NYSEAMER-
2020-05, SR-NYSEArca-2020-08, SR-NYSECHX-2020-02, SR-NYSENAT-2020-03, 
SR-NYSE-2020-11, SR-NYSEAMER-2020-10, SR-NYSEArca-2020-15, SR-NYSECHX-
2020-05, SR-NYSENAT-2020-08) be, and hereby are, approved on an 
accelerated basis.
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    \165\ See id.

    By the Commission.
Vanessa A. Countryman,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2020-23250 Filed 10-20-20; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P


