
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 19 (Thursday, January 29, 2015)]
[Notices]
[Pages 4954-4956]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2015-01648]


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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-74129; File No. SR-BX-2014-049]


Self-Regulatory Organizations; NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc.; Order 
Approving Proposed Rule Change Relating to Directed Market Makers

January 23, 2015.

I. Introduction

    On November 25, 2014, NASDAQ OMX BX, Inc. (``BX'' or ``Exchange'') 
filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (``SEC'' or 
``Commission'') a proposed rule change pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of 
the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act''),\1\ and Rule 19b-4 
thereunder,\2\ to establish a directed order process for orders 
submitted to the Exchange. The proposed rule change was published in 
the Federal Register on December 12, 2014.\3\ The Commission received 
one comment letter on the proposal.\4\ This order approves the proposed 
rule change.
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    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
    \3\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 73784 (December 8, 
2014), 79 FR 73930 (``Notice'').
    \4\ See Email from Anonymous, to Secretary, Commission, dated 
January 2, 2015 (``Comment Letter'').
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II. Description of the Proposed Rule Change

    The Exchange proposes to establish a program that will permit BX 
Market Makers to act as Directed Market Makers (``DMMs'') in their 
appointed options classes, provided the BX Market Maker meets certain 
obligations and quoting requirements as described in more detail 
below.\5\ As proposed, DMMs will be permitted to receive ``Directed 
Orders,'' which will be defined as orders to buy or sell which have 
been directed (pursuant to the Exchange's instructions on how to direct 
an order) to a particular market maker (the DMM with respect to that 
Directed Order).\6\ Limit Orders, Minimum Quantity Orders, Market 
Orders, Price Improving Orders, All-or-None Orders, Post-Only Orders, 
Immediate or Cancel, Good-till-Cancelled Day or WAIT orders will be 
eligible to be designated as Directed Orders.\7\ Directed Orders will 
be available only in certain options.
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    \5\ See Notice, supra note 3 at 73930.
    \6\ Proposed BX Chapter VI, Section 1(e)(1).
    \7\ Proposed BX Chapter VI, Section 6(a)(1) and (2).
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DMM Participation Entitlement

    BX proposes to permit a DMM to receive up to a 40% participation 
entitlement if a Directed Order is directed to that DMM when the 
Exchange's disseminated price is the NBBO at the time of receipt of the 
Directed Order, and the DMM is quoting at or improving the Exchange's 
disseminated price.\8\ If the DMM participation entitlement is not 
awarded at the time of receipt of the Directed Order, the DMM 
participation entitlement will not apply to the Directed Order and the 
Directed Order will be handled as though it were not a Directed 
Order.\9\
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    \8\ Proposed BX Chapter VI, Section 10(1)(C)(1)(c) and Section 
10(1)(C)(2)(ii).
    \9\ Proposed BX Chapter VII, Section 15(ii).
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    BX also proposes to require that DMMs provide continuous two-sided 
quotations throughout the trading day in all options issues in which 
the DMM is assigned for 90% of the time the Exchange is open for 
trading in each issue.\10\ Such quotations will be required to meet the 
legal quote width requirements of BX Rules Chapter VII, Section 6. 
These obligations will be applied collectively to all series in all of 
the issues, rather than on an issue-by-issue basis once the market 
maker has indicated to the Exchange that the market maker will be 
receiving Directed Orders.\11\ However, these obligations will not 
apply to DMMs with respect to Quarterly Options Series, adjusted option 
series, or any series with a time to expiration of nine months or 
greater.\12\ Nevertheless, a DMM will remain eligible to receive a 
participation entitlement in such series if it elects to quote in such 
series and otherwise satisfies the requirements of BX Chapter VI, 
Section 10.\13\
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    \10\ Proposed BX Chapter VII, Section 15(iii). Pursuant to BX 
Ch. VII, Section 6(d), BX market makers must quote 60% of the 
trading day (as a percentage of the total number of minutes in such 
trading day) or such higher percentage as BX may announce in 
advance.
    \11\ Proposed BX Chapter VII, Section 15(iii). While the Market 
Maker's quoting requirement is a daily obligation, the Exchange will 
determine compliance with these obligations on a monthly basis. BX 
Regulation may consider exceptions to the requirement to quote 90% 
(or higher) of the trading day based on demonstrated legal or 
regulatory requirements or other mitigating circumstances.
    If a technical failure or limitation of a system of the Exchange 
prevents a DMM from maintaining, or prevents a DMM from 
communicating to the Exchange, timely and accurate electronic quotes 
in an issue, the duration of such failure shall not be considered in 
determining whether the DMM has satisfied the 90% quoting standard 
with respect to that option issue. Id.
    \12\ Proposed BX Chapter VII, Section 15(iii).
    \13\ Id.
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DMM Price/Time and Size Pro-Rata Participation Entitlement

    If the Price/Time algorithm applies for the option and a Directed 
Order is sent to a DMM, BX proposes that the DMM will receive, the 
greater of: (1) After Public Customer orders are executed, the 
contracts the DMM would have received if the allocation was based on 
time priority; \14\ (2) a DMM participation entitlement of 40% of the 
remaining interest after Public Customer orders are executed;\15\ or 
(3) the Lead Market Maker (``LMM'') participation entitlement, if the 
DMM is also the LMM.\16\
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    \14\ BX Chapter VI, Section 10(1)(C)(1)(c).
    \15\ BX Chapter VI, Section 10(1)(C)(1)(c). If this calculation 
results in a non-integer, the Exchange will round up or down to the 
nearest integer. Id. at Section 10(1)(C)(1)(b)(1).
    \16\ Proposed BX Chapter VI, Section 10(1)(C)(1)(c)(3). BX's 
current Chapter VI, Section 10(1)(C)(1)(b) provides that an LMM, 
upon receipt of an order will be afforded a participation 
entitlement, provided the LMM's bid/offer is at the Exchange's 
disseminated price. The LMM is not entitled to receive a number of 
contracts that is greater than the displayed size associated with 
such LMM. LMM participation entitlements are considered after the 
opening process.
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    If the Size Pro-Rata algorithm applies for the option and a 
Directed Order is sent to a DMM, BX proposes that the DMM will receive 
the greater of: (1) After Public Customer orders are executed, the 
DMM's Size Pro-Rata share; (2) a DMM participation entitlement of 40% 
of the remaining

[[Page 4955]]

interest,\17\ after Public Customer orders are executed; or (3) the LMM 
participation entitlement (if the DMM is also the LMM).\18\
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    \17\ If this calculation results in a non-integer, the Exchange 
will round up or down to the nearest integer. BX Chapter VI, Section 
10(1)(C)(2)(ii)(1).
    \18\ Proposed BX Chapter VI, Section 10(1)(C)(2)(iii)(3).
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    If a DMM has multiple quotes at the same price which are at or 
improve the NBBO when the Directed Order is received, BX proposes that 
the DMM participation entitlement will apply only to the quote with the 
highest time priority at the last price executed upon receipt of the 
Directed Order which is equal to or better than the NBBO.\19\ 
Additional DMM quotes at such price will receive no further allocation 
of the Directed Order.\20\
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    \19\ Proposed BX Chapter VI, Section 10(1)(C)(1)(c) and Section 
10(1)(C)(2)(iii).
    \20\ Id.
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    The Exchange also proposes to amend the LMM priority rules so that 
the LMM participation entitlement will not apply to a Directed Order 
when the (1) DMM's bid/offer is at or improves the NBBO, (2) LMM is at 
the same price level and (3) LMM is not the DMM at the time the 
Directed Order is received.\21\ If the LMM is also the DMM, the LMM 
shall receive the DMM participation entitlement applicable to that 
algorithm if the DMM participation entitlement is greater than the 
LMM's participation entitlement.\22\ Finally, the proposed rule change 
removes the allocation to the LMM of orders for five contracts or fewer 
if the order for five contracts or fewer is directed to a DMM who is 
quoting at the NBBO.\23\
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    \21\ Proposed BX Chapter VI, Section 10(1)(C)(1)(b)(1) and 
Section 10(1)(C)(2)(ii)(1).
    \22\ Proposed BX Chapter VI, Section 10(1)(C)(1)(b)(1)(e) and 
Section 10(1)(C)(2)(ii)(1)(e).
    \23\ Proposed BX Chapter VI, Section 10(1)(C)(1)(b)(2) and 
Section 10(1)(C)(2)(ii)(2).
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    BX also proposes to provide discretion to the Exchange in applying 
designated Participant priority overlays when the Size Pro-Rata 
execution algorithm is in effect. Specifically, the current rule 
provides that the Exchange will apply the following priority overlays 
when the Size Pro-Rata execution algorithm is in effect: (1) Public 
customer priority, (2) LMM priority, and (3) market maker priority.\24\ 
Under the proposed rule, Public Customer priority will always be in 
effect for Size Pro-Rata executions, but the Exchange will have the 
discretion to determine whether LMM priority, DMM priority and market 
maker priorities will be in effect for an options class.\25\
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    \24\ Proposed BX Chapter VI, Section 10(1)(C)(2).
    \25\ Id.
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III. Discussion and Commission Findings

    The Commission has carefully reviewed the proposed rule change and 
comment letter, and finds that the proposed rule change is consistent 
with the Act and the rules and regulations thereunder applicable to a 
national securities exchange.\26\ In particular, the Commission finds 
that the proposed rule change is consistent with Section 6(b) of the 
Act,\27\ in general, and furthers the objectives of Section 6(b)(5) of 
the Act.\28\ Section 6(b)(5) requires, among other things, that the 
rules of the national securities exchange be designed to prevent 
fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to promote just and 
equitable principles of trade, to foster cooperation and coordination 
with persons engaged in facilitating transactions in securities, and to 
remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a free and open 
market and a national market system. The Commission received one 
comment letter expressing support for the proposal.\29\
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    \26\ In approving this proposed rule change, the Commission has 
considered the proposed rule's impact on efficiency, competition, 
and capital formation. See 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
    \27\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b).
    \28\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \29\ See Comment Letter, supra note 4. The comment letter stated 
``Good idea!''
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    The Commission has previously approved rules of other national 
securities exchanges that provide for directed order participation 
entitlements.\30\ The Commission has closely scrutinized such exchange 
rule proposals where the percentage of enhanced participation would 
rise to a level that could have a material adverse impact on quote 
competition within a particular exchange.\31\
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    \30\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 51759 (May 27, 
2005), 70 FR 32860 (June 6, 2005) (SR-Phlx-2004-91) (``Phlx 
Order''); see also e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 47628 
(April 3, 2003), 68 FR 17697 (April 10, 2003) (SR-CBOE-00-55) 
(``CBOE Order''); 52331 (August 24, 2005), 70 FR 51856 (August 31, 
2005) (SR-ISE-2004-16) (``ISE Order''); 52506 (September 23, 2005), 
70 FR 57340 (September 30, 2005) (SR-CBOE-2005-58); 59472 (February 
27, 2009) 74 FR 9843 (March 6, 2009) (SRNYSEALTR-2008-14)(``NYSEALTR 
Order''); 60469 (August 10, 2009), 74 FR 41478 (August 17, 2009)(SR-
NYSEArca-2009-73) (``NYSE Arca Notice''); and 68070 (October 18, 
2012), 77 FR 65037 (October 18, 2012) (SR-C2-2012-24) (``C2 
Order'').
    \31\ See Phlx Order, supra note 30 at 32861.
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    BX's proposal to permit DMMs to receive a 40% participation 
entitlement will not increase the overall percentage of an order that 
is guaranteed to the DMM beyond the currently acceptable threshold.\32\ 
Under the proposal, the remaining portion of each order will be 
available for allocation based on the competitive bidding of market 
participants. Therefore, the Commission does not believe that the 
proposal will negatively impact quote competition on BX.
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    \32\ Id. See also CBOE Order, supra note 30 at 17708 (citing 
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 45936 (May 15, 2002), 67 FR 
36279, 26280 (May 23, 2002); Securities Exchange Act Release No. 
42835 (May 26, 2000), 65 FR 35683, 35685-66 (June 5, 2000); 
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 42455 (February 24, 2000), 65 FR 
11388, 11398 (March 2, 2000); Securities Exchange Act Release No. 
43100 (July 31, 2000), 65 FR 48778, 48787-88 (August 9, 2000)).
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    A DMM on BX will have to be quoting at, or better than, the NBBO at 
the time a Directed Order is received in order to obtain the guarantee. 
The Commission believes that it is critical that a DMM must not be 
permitted to step up and match the NBBO after it receives a directed 
order in order to receive the participation entitlement. In this 
regard, BX's proposal prohibits notifying a DMM of an intention to 
submit a Directed Order so that such DMM could change its quotation to 
match the NBBO immediately prior to submission of the Directed Order, 
and then fade its quote. BX submitted a letter to the Commission 
representing that it will provide the necessary protections against 
that type of conduct, and will proactively conduct surveillance for, 
and enforce against, such violations.\33\
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    \33\ See Letter from Joseph Cusick, Chief Regulatory Officer, 
Nasdaq, to David Hsu, Assistant Director, Commission, dated November 
25, 2014.
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    BX's proposed rules will require DMMs to quote at a higher level 
than other market makers who are not DMMs. Market makers on BX are 
required to quote 60% of the trading day. In order to receive the 
participation entitlement, DMMs will be required to quote 90% of the 
trading day. The Commission believes that requiring heightened quoting 
by a market maker in order to be eligible to receive a participant 
entitlement is consistent with what other exchanges have required as 
part of their directed order programs.\34\
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    \34\ See note 30, supra.
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    The Commission emphasizes that approval of this proposal does not 
affect a broker-dealer's duty of best execution. A broker-dealer has a 
legal duty to seek to obtain best execution of customer orders, and any 
decision to preference a particular DMM must be consistent with this 
duty.\35\ A broker-dealer's duty of

[[Page 4956]]

best execution derives from common law agency principles and fiduciary 
obligations, and is incorporated in SRO rules and, through judicial and 
Commission decisions, the antifraud provisions of the federal 
securities laws.\36\ The duty of best execution requires broker-dealers 
to execute customers' trades at the most favorable terms reasonably 
available under the circumstances, i.e., at the best reasonably 
available price.\37\ The duty of best execution requires broker-dealers 
to periodically assess the quality of competing markets to assure that 
order flow is directed to the markets providing the most beneficial 
terms for their customer orders.\38\ Broker-dealers must examine their 
procedures for seeking to obtain best execution in light of market and 
technology changes and modify those practices if necessary to enable 
their customers to obtain the best reasonably available prices.\39\ In 
doing so, broker-dealers must take into account price improvement 
opportunities, and whether different markets may be more suitable for 
different types of orders or particular securities.\40\
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    \35\ See, e.g., Newton v. Merrill, Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & 
Smith, Inc., 135 F.3d 266, 269-70, 274 (3d Cir.), cert. denied, 525 
U.S. 811 (1998); Certain Market Making Activities on Nasdaq, 
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 40900 (Jan. 11, 1999) (settled 
case) (citing Sinclair v. SEC, 444 F.2d 399 (2d Cir. 1971); Arleen 
Hughes, 27 SEC 629, 636 (1948), aff'd sub nom. Hughes v. SEC, 174 
F.2d 969 (D.C. Cir. 1949)). See also Order Execution Obligations, 
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 37619A (Sept. 6, 1996), 61 FR 
48290 (Sept. 12, 1996) (``Order Handling Rules Release''); 51808 
(June 9, 2005), 70 FR 37496, 37537-8 (June 29, 2005).
    \36\ Order Handling Rules Release, 61 FR at 48322. See also 
Newton, 135 F.3d at 270. Failure to satisfy the duty of best 
execution can constitute fraud because a broker-dealer, in agreeing 
to execute a customer's order, makes an implied representation that 
it will execute it in a manner that maximizes the customer's 
economic gain in the transaction. See Newton, 135 F.3d at 273 
(``[T]he basis for the duty of best execution is the mutual 
understanding that the client is engaging in the trade--and 
retaining the services of the broker as his agent--solely for the 
purpose of maximizing his own economic benefit, and that the broker 
receives her compensation because she assists the client in reaching 
that goal.''); Marc N. Geman, Securities Exchange Act Release No. 
43963 (Feb. 14, 2001) (citing Newton, but concluding that respondent 
fulfilled his duty of best execution). See also Payment for Order 
Flow, Securities Exchange Act Release No. 34902 (Oct. 27, 1994), 59 
FR 55006, 55009 (Nov. 2, 1994) (``Payment for Order Flow Final 
Rules''). If the broker-dealer intends not to act in a manner that 
maximizes the customer's benefit when he accepts the order and does 
not disclose this to the customer, the broker-dealer's implied 
representation is false. See Newton, 135 F.3d at 273-274.
    \37\ Newton, 135 F.3d at 270. Newton also noted certain factors 
relevant to best execution--order size, trading characteristics of 
the security, speed of execution, clearing costs, and the cost and 
difficulty of executing an order in a particular market. Id. at 270 
n. 2 (citing Payment for Order Flow, Securities Exchange Act Release 
No. 33026 (Oct. 6, 1993), 58 FR 52934, 52937-38 (Oct. 13, 1993) 
(Proposed Rules)). See In re E.F. Hutton & Co. (``Manning''), 
Securities Exchange Act Release No. 25887 (July 6, 1988). See also 
Payment for Order Flow Final Rules, 59 FR at 55008-55009.
    \38\ Order Handling Rules Release, 61 FR at 48322-48333 (``In 
conducting the requisite evaluation of its internal order handling 
procedures, a broker-dealer must regularly and rigorously examine 
execution quality likely to be obtained from different markets or 
market makers trading a security.''). See also Newton, 135 F.3d at 
271; Market 2000: An Examination of Current Equity Market 
Developments V-4 (SEC Division of Market Regulation January 1994) 
(``Without specific instructions from a customer, however, a broker-
dealer should periodically assess the quality of competing markets 
to ensure that its order flow is directed to markets providing the 
most advantageous terms for the customer's order.''); Payment for 
Order Flow Final Rules, 59 FR at 55009.
    \39\ Order Handling Rules, 61 FR at 48323.
    \40\ Order Handling Rules, 61 FR at 48323. For example, in 
connection with orders that are to be executed at a market opening 
price, ``[b]roker-dealers are subject to a best execution duty in 
executing customer orders at the opening, and should take into 
account the alternative methods in determining how to obtain best 
execution for their customer orders.'' Disclosure of Order Execution 
and Routing Practices, Securities Exchange Act Release No. 43590 
(Nov.17, 2000), 65 FR 75414, 75422 (Dec. 1, 2000) (adopting new 
Exchange Act Rules 11Ac1-5 and 11Ac1-6 and noting that alternative 
methods offered by some Nasdaq market centers for pre-open orders 
included the mid-point of the spread or at the bid or offer).
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    For these reasons, the Commission believes that the proposal is 
consistent with the requirements of Section 6(b)(5) of the Act.\41\
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    \41\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
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IV. Conclusion

    It is therefore ordered, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the 
Act,\42\ that the proposed rule change (SR-BX-2014-049) be, and it 
hereby is, approved.
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    \42\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, 
pursuant to delegated authority.\43\
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    \43\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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Brent J. Fields,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2015-01648 Filed 1-28-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P


