
[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 121 (Thursday, June 23, 2011)]
[Notices]
[Pages 36947-36949]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-15674]


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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-64700; File No. SR-NASDAQ-2010-134]


Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Order 
Disapproving Proposed Rule Change To Adopt Additional Criteria for 
Listing Companies That Have Indicated Their Business Plan Is To Buy and 
Hold Commodities

 June 17, 2011.

I. Introduction

    On October 15, 2010, The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC (``Nasdaq'' or 
``Exchange'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
(``Commission''), pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ a 
proposed rule change to adopt additional criteria for listing companies 
that have indicated their business plan is to buy and hold commodities. 
The proposed rule change was published for comment in the Federal 
Register on November 3, 2010.\3\ On December 9, 2010, the Commission 
extended the time period in which to either approve the proposed rule 
change or to institute proceedings to determine whether to disapprove 
the proposed rule change, to February 1, 2011.\4\ The Commission 
received one comment letter on the proposal.\5\ On January 31, 2011, 
the Commission issued an order instituting proceedings to determine 
whether to disapprove the proposed rule change (``Order Instituting 
Disapproval Proceedings'').\6\ The Commission received no comments on 
the proceedings to determine whether to disapprove the proposed rule 
change, and Nasdaq did not provide a response to the Commission's 
grounds for disapproval under consideration as set forth in the Order 
Instituting Disapproval Proceedings. On April 8, 2011, the Commission 
extended the time period for Commission action on the proceedings to 
determine whether to disapprove the proposed rule change, to July 1, 
2011.\7\ This order disapproves the proposed rule change.
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    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
    \3\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 63207 (October 28, 
2010), 75 FR 67788.
    \4\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 63508 (December 9, 
2010), 75 FR 78300 (December 15, 2010).
    \5\ See Letter from Edward H. Smith, Jr. to Florence E. Harmon, 
Deputy Secretary, Commission, dated January 18, 2011.
    \6\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 63804 (January 31, 
2011), 76 FR 6506 (February 4, 2011).
    \7\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 64259 (April 8, 
2011), 76 FR 20760 (April 13, 2011).
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II. Description of the Proposal

    The Exchange proposes to adopt additional listing standards for 
companies that have indicated that their business plan is to purchase 
and stockpile raw materials or other commodities (``commodity 
stockpiling companies''). Under the proposal, such companies are 
required to meet all other applicable Nasdaq initial listing 
requirements, as well as the following additional listing standards. 
First, within 18 months of the effectiveness of its initial public 
offering registration statement, or such shorter period as the company 
specifies in the registration statement, the company would be required 
to invest at least 85% of the net proceeds of the initial public 
offering in the raw material or commodity identified in the 
registration statement, or return the unused amount pro rata to its 
shareholders.\8\
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    \8\ See proposed Nasdaq IM-5101-3(a).
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    Second, the company would be required to publish, or facilitate 
access to, at no cost and in an easily accessible manner, regular 
pricing information regarding the raw material or other commodity from 
a reliable, independent source, at least as frequently as current 
industry practice but no less than twice per week.\9\
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    \9\ See proposed Nasdaq IM-5101-3(b).
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    Third, the company would be required to publish its net market 
value on a daily basis, or where pricing information for the raw 
material or other commodity is not available on a daily basis, no less 
frequently than twice per week.\10\ If the spot price of the raw 
material or commodity fluctuates by more than 5%, the company shall 
publish the net market value within one business day of the 
fluctuation.
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    \10\ See proposed Nasdaq IM-5101-3(d). Net market value would be 
determined by multiplying the volume of the raw material or 
commodity held in inventory by the last spot price published or 
otherwise relied upon by the company, plus cash and other assets, 
less any liabilities.
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    Fourth, the company would be required to publish the quantity of 
the raw material or other commodity held in inventory, the average 
price paid, and the company's net market value within two business days 
of any change in inventory held.\11\ Where the company contracts to 
purchase or sell a material quantity of the raw material or commodity, 
such information would be required to be disclosed in a Form 8-K filing 
within four business days.
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    \11\ See proposed Nasdaq IM-5101-3(c).
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    Fifth, the company would be required to employ the services of one 
or more independent third party storage facilities to safeguard the 
physical holdings of the raw material or commodity.\12\ Finally, the 
company would be required to create a committee comprised solely of 
independent directors who shall consider, at least quarterly, whether 
the company's purchasing activities have had a measurable impact on the 
market price of the raw material or other commodity and shall report 
such determinations and make subsequent recommendations to the 
company's board of directors.\13\
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    \12\ See proposed Nasdaq IM-5101-3(e). Under the proposed rule 
language, the facility ``should provide services consistent with 
those provided by custodians and these must include: storage and 
safeguarding; insurance; transfer of the raw material or other 
commodity in and out of the facility; visual inspections, spot 
checks and assays; confirmation of deliveries to supplier packing 
lists; and reporting of transfers and of inventory to the [commodity 
stockpiling company] and its auditors.'' The company must oversee 
the third party storage facility with its committee of independent 
directors.
    \13\ See proposed Nasdaq IM-5101-3(f). The independent directors 
may rely upon and shall have the authority to engage and pay an 
industry expert in conducting this review. If the company's board of 
directors disagrees with or does not accept the recommendations of 
the committee, the company will be required to file a Form 8-K with 
the Commission outlining the relevant events, the committee's 
determinations and recommendations, and the rationale for the board 
of directors' determination.
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    Nasdaq also is proposing to adopt additional audit committee 
requirements applicable to commodity stockpiling companies. In addition 
to the existing audit committee requirements in Nasdaq rules, audit 
committees for commodity stockpiling companies would be required to 
establish procedures for the identification and management of potential 
conflicts of interest, and would be required to review and approve any 
transactions where such

[[Page 36948]]

potential conflicts have been identified.\14\
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    \14\ See proposed Nasdaq Rule 5605(c)(3) and IM-5605. Under the 
proposal, the procedures should include any material amendment to 
the management agreement, including any change with respect to the 
compensation of the manager.
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III. Comment Letter

    The Commission received one comment letter on the proposal.\15\ The 
commenter, a shareholder in SMG Indium Resources Ltd. (``SMG''), 
supported the proposal and stated, among other things, that approval of 
the proposal would ``support making the market for commodities, such as 
[i]ndium, more efficient and transparent by providing investors * * * 
with an easier and more cost-effective alternative for investing in 
such commodities.'' This commenter further noted that, unlike 
commodity-based trust shares, which are designed along the lines of an 
exchange-traded fund (``ETF'') structure and offer exposure to very 
liquid and actively-traded commodities, commodity stockpiling companies 
``provide investment exposure to select strategic and commercial 
commodities which do not have substantial liquid and active trading 
markets nor extensive and well developed derivative and/or spot markets 
and pricing mechanisms.'' The commenter explained his view that the 
proposed listing standards would assure appropriate investor protection 
in connection with the listing of commodity stockpiling companies, and 
cited particular aspects of the proposal, including the frequency and 
source of pricing information, the requirement to calculate and 
disseminate net market value, and the use of third-party storage 
facilities.
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    \15\ See, note 5, supra.
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IV. Discussion

    Under Section 19(b)(2)(C) of the Act, the Commission shall approve 
a proposed rule change of a self-regulatory organization if the 
Commission finds that such proposed rule change is consistent with the 
requirements of the Act, and the rules and regulations thereunder that 
are applicable to such organization.\16\ The Commission shall 
disapprove a proposed rule change if it does not make such a 
finding.\17\ The Commission's Rules of Practice, under Rule 700(b)(3), 
state that the ``burden to demonstrate that a proposed rule change is 
consistent with the [Act] * * * is on the self-regulatory organization 
that proposed the rule change'' and that a ``mere assertion that the 
proposed rule change is consistent with those requirements * * * is not 
sufficient.'' \18\
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    \16\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2)(C)(i).
    \17\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2)(C)(ii); see also 17 CFR 201.700(b)(3) 
and note 18 infra, and accompanying text.
    \18\ 17 CFR 201.700(b)(3). The description of a proposed rule 
change, its purpose and operation, its effect, and a legal analysis 
of its consistency with applicable requirements must all be 
sufficiently detailed and specific to support an affirmative 
Commission finding. See id. Any failure of a self-regulatory 
organization to provide the information solicited by Form 19b-4 may 
result in the Commission not having a sufficient basis to make an 
affirmative finding that a proposed rule change is consistent with 
the [Act] and the rules and regulations issued thereunder that are 
applicable to the self-regulatory organization. Id.
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    After careful consideration, the Commission does not find that the 
proposed rule change is consistent with the requirements of the Act and 
the rules and regulations thereunder applicable to a national 
securities exchange.\19\ In particular, the Commission does not find 
that the proposed rule change is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of the 
Act,\20\ which requires that the rules of a national securities 
exchange be designed, among other things, to prevent fraudulent and 
manipulative acts and practices, to promote just and equitable 
principles of trade, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism 
of a free and open market and a national market system, and to protect 
investors and the public interest.
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    \19\ In disapproving the proposed rule change, the Commission 
has considered the proposed rule's impact on efficiency, 
competition, and capital formation. 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
    \20\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
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    The development and enforcement of appropriate standards governing 
the initial and continued listing of securities on an exchange is an 
activity of critical importance to financial markets and the investing 
public.\21\ Listing standards, among other things, serve as a means for 
an exchange to screen issuers and to provide listed status only to bona 
fide companies that have or, in the case of an initial public offering, 
will have sufficient public float, investor base, and trading interest 
to provide the depth and liquidity necessary to promote fair and 
orderly markets. Adequate listing standards are especially important 
given the expectations of investors that exchanges will appropriately 
vet listed companies and effectively monitor the fairness and 
efficiency of trading in the securities of listed companies on the 
exchange. A critical aspect of assuring fair and efficient exchange 
trading is the widespread availability of timely and reliable 
information that will directly impact the price of the listed security. 
This is particularly true for derivatives and other similar securities, 
where the price of the listed security is highly correlated with the 
price of the underlying securities or commodities.\22\ Further, the 
rules of the exchange should provide appropriate mechanisms to assure 
effective surveillance of trading in listed companies to deter and 
detect manipulation, fraud or other illegal practices.
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    \21\ See, e.g., Securities Exchange Release Act No. 58228 (July 
25, 2008), 73 FR 44794 (July 31, 2008).
    \22\ See, e.g., Securities Exchange Act Release No. 50603 
(October 28, 2004), 69 FR 64614 (November 5, 2004) (SR-NYSE-2004-22) 
(approving the New York Stock Exchange's (``NYSE'') proposal for the 
listing and trading of streetTRACKS Gold Shares (``Gold Shares'')). 
In its approval order, the Commission noted that the gold spot 
market is extremely deep and liquid, and that reliable gold price 
information is available to investors in the Gold Shares. Further, 
the trustee for the Gold Shares agreed to provide on its public Web 
site continuously updated information, from an unaffiliated source, 
with respect to the spot price of gold, as well as the intraday 
indicative value (the estimated net asset value) of a Gold Share on 
an essentially real-time basis. In its approval order, the 
Commission found that the dissemination of this information would 
facilitate transparency with respect to the Gold Shares and diminish 
the risk of manipulation or unfair informational advantage. The 
Commission also found that the unique liquidity and depth of the 
gold market, together with an intermarket surveillance sharing 
agreement with a futures market related to gold financial 
instruments and the adoption of specific NYSE rules to address and 
monitor dealings by Gold Share market makers and their member firms 
in the underlying gold market, would create the basis for NYSE to 
monitor for fraudulent and manipulative practices in the trading of 
the Gold Shares. Id.
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    Nasdaq's proposal would authorize a national securities exchange, 
for the first time, to list the securities of an operating company that 
simply plans to buy and hold a commodity or other raw material. A 
liquid market may not exist for the underlying commodity or other raw 
material to be held by the commodity stockpiling company. Indeed, the 
commenter, an SMG shareholder, noted that commodity stockpiling 
companies ``provide investment exposure to select strategic and 
commercial commodities which do not have substantial liquid and active 
trading markets nor extensive and well developed derivative and/or spot 
markets and pricing mechanisms,'' but believed that the proposed 
listing standards would provide adequate investor protections.
    In the Order Instituting Disapproval Proceedings, however, the 
Commission noted several concerns that raised questions as to whether 
the Nasdaq proposal is consistent with the requirements of Section 
6(b)(5) of the Act, including whether the nature of the required 
pricing information, and the frequency and manner of its dissemination, 
would prevent manipulation, promote just and

[[Page 36949]]

equitable principles of trade, perfect the mechanism of a free and open 
market and the national market system, or protect investors and the 
public interest.\23\ Specifically, the Commission stated that the 
proposal raises issues as to: (1) Whether the dissemination of up-to-
date pricing information twice per week about the sole asset of an 
operating company would be sufficient to support the fair and efficient 
exchange trading of its securities; (2) in the absence of a liquid and 
transparent market for the commodity or other raw material held by the 
company, whether the pricing information from the ``independent 
source'' would in fact have sufficient reliability and integrity, or 
whether there are risks that information could be manipulated; (3) 
whether there would be risks such pricing information may be available 
to some market participants sooner than others, thereby giving the 
former an unfair trading advantage; and (4) whether Nasdaq's proposal 
adequately addresses any special risks to investors that might be 
presented by the exchange trading of an operating company in the 
business solely of stockpiling an illiquid commodity.
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    \23\ See supra note 6.
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    The Commission invited interested persons to submit written views 
with respect to these or other concerns with the Nasdaq proposal. 
Neither Nasdaq nor any other person submitted comments in response to 
the Commission's request.
    The Commission remains concerned about the issues raised in the 
Order Instituting Disapproval Proceedings. Under the Nasdaq proposal, 
the business plan of a ``commodity stockpiling company'' that could be 
listed on Nasdaq would simply be to purchase and stockpile raw 
materials or other commodities, with the result that the sole asset of 
the listed company could be a relatively illiquid commodity. 
Accordingly, the value of the equity securities of the commodity 
stockpiling company would depend almost exclusively on the value of the 
underlying commodity.
    The Commission is concerned that Nasdaq's proposal, to permit 
dissemination of up-to-date pricing information on the commodity 
stockpiled as infrequently as twice per week, would be inadequate for 
market participants to fairly and efficiently assess the value of the 
listed company and trade its securities on the exchange.\24\ In 
addition, the Commission is concerned that, if the market for the 
commodity stockpiled is illiquid and opaque, the pricing information 
disseminated at least biweekly by the ``independent source'' may in 
fact not be reliable, despite the best efforts of the pricing service. 
The Commission notes that the proposal does not define what would 
constitute a ``reliable, independent source'' and does not set forth 
any standards to ensure the reliability and integrity of the pricing 
information of the underlying commodity or other raw material. Finally, 
the Commission is concerned that, because of the potential infrequency 
and irregularity of pricing information on the underlying commodity, 
and its consequent importance, there is a risk that some market 
participants--perhaps those party to, or with knowledge of, the 
transaction in the underlying commodity--would have access to price-
moving market information before it is reported to the pricing service 
and publicly disseminated in accordance with the Nasdaq proposal. This 
could provide an opportunity for an unfair trading advantage in the 
securities of the commodity stockpiling company to those with advance 
access to any information that affects pricing. In addition, there 
might be the potential for manipulation through the reporting of false 
or misleading transaction information to the pricing service. This type 
of activity could be facilitated by the fact that transactions in 
illiquid markets are infrequent and often self-reported by the parties 
in the trade. The incentive to utilize an unfair trading advantage or 
to manipulate prices in this way could be magnified by the exchange 
listing of an investment vehicle that allowed someone to profit from 
such an advantage or manipulation.
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    \24\ The sole comment letter stated that Nasdaq's proposal would 
allow companies such as SMG to list its securities on Nasdaq. The 
commenter states that indium does not ``have substantial liquid and 
active trading markets nor extensive and well developed derivative 
and/or spot markets and pricing mechanisms.'' See note 5, supra. The 
commenter notes that SMG has engaged Metal Bulletin PLC to be the 
pricing source of indium. According to the commenter, Metal Bulletin 
publishes indium prices twice per week, on Wednesdays and Fridays, 
and the source of the price information can be any entity regularly 
involved in buying or selling indium (currently five producers, four 
consumers, and three large traders). The commenter notes that Metal 
Bulletin requests trade information from these sources (such as 
price, quantity, date of transactions and location or origin of 
material), and then publishes the final price after adjustment for 
outliers, provided that a minimum of six sources provided trading 
information.
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    Because of these issues with respect to the nature of the required 
pricing information, and the frequency and manner of its dissemination, 
the Commission is concerned the proposal is not designed, among other 
things, to prevent manipulation, promote just and equitable principles 
of trade, perfect the mechanism of a free and open market and a 
national market system, and to protect investors and the public 
interest, as required by Section 6(b)(5) of the Exchange Act. Nasdaq 
did not respond to, or otherwise address, any of these concerns, which 
were articulated by the Commission in the Order Instituting Disapproval 
Proceedings. As noted above, Rule 700(b)(3) of the Commission's Rules 
of Practice states that the ``burden to demonstrate that a proposed 
rule change is consistent with the [Act] * * * is on the self-
regulatory organization that proposed the rule change'' and that a 
``mere assertion that the proposed rule change is consistent with those 
requirements * * * is not sufficient.'' \25\
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    \25\ 17 CFR 201.700(b)(3).
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    For the reasons set forth above, the Commission does not believe 
that the Exchange has met its burden to demonstrate that the proposed 
rule change is consistent with the requirements of the Act and the 
rules and regulations thereunder.

V. Conclusion

    For the foregoing reasons, the Commission does not find that the 
proposed rule change is consistent with the requirements of the Act and 
the rules and regulations thereunder applicable to a national 
securities exchange, and in particular, Section 6(b)(5) of the Act.
    It Is Therefore Ordered, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the Act, 
that the proposed rule change (SR-NASDAQ-2010-134) be, and it hereby 
is, disapproved.

    For the Commission, by the Division of Trading and Markets, 
pursuant to delegated authority.\26\
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    \26\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).
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Cathy H. Ahn,
Deputy Secretary.
[FR Doc. 2011-15674 Filed 6-22-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 8011-01-P


