

[Federal Register: October 20, 2006 (Volume 71, Number 203)]
[Notices]               
[Page 62021-62024]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr20oc06-98]                         

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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-54608; File No. SR-Amex-2005-060]

 
Self-Regulatory Organizations; American Stock Exchange LLC; Order 
Approving a Proposed Rule Change and Amendment Nos. 1, 2, and 3 Thereto 
and Notice of Filing and Order Granting Accelerated Approval to 
Amendment Nos. 4 and 5 Thereto Relating to Amendments to the Obvious 
Error Rules

 October 16, 2006.

I. Introduction

    On June 1, 2005, the American Stock Exchange LLC (``Amex'' or 
``Exchange'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
(``Commission''), pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ a 
proposed rule change to amend the Exchange's equity and index options 
obvious error rules. On September 21, 2005, the Amex submitted 
Amendment No. 1 to the proposed rule change.\3\ On October 4, 2005, the 
Amex submitted Amendment No. 2 to the proposed rule change.\4\ On 
October 27, 2005, the Amex submitted Amendment No. 3 to the proposed 
rule change.\5\ The proposed rule change, as amended by Amendment Nos. 
1, 2, and 3 was published for comment in the Federal Register on 
November 8, 2005.\6\ The Commission received one comment letter \7\ 
regarding the proposed rule change. The Exchange responded to the 
comment letter on February 6, 2006.\8\ On August 16, 2006, the Amex 
filed Amendment No. 4 to the proposed rule change.\9\ On October 13, 
2006, the Amex filed Amendment No. 5 to the proposed rule change.\10\ 
This order approves the proposed rule change, as amended by Amendment 
Nos. 1, 2, and 3, publishes notice of Amendment Nos. 4 and 5 to the 
proposed rule change, and grants accelerated approval to Amendment Nos. 
4 and 5.
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    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
    \3\ See Form 19b-4 dated September 21, 2005, which replaced the 
original filing in its entirety (``Amendment No. 1'').
    \4\ Amendment No. 2 corrected technical errors in the proposed 
rule text.
    \5\ Amendment No. 3 clarified the definition of ``Fair Market 
Value'' for purposes of Amex Rules 936C and 936C--ANTE and made 
technical corrections to those rules with respect to references to 
``Fair Market Value.''
    \6\ See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 52718 (November 2, 
2005), 70 FR 67765 (``Notice'').
    \7\ See letter to Jonathan G. Katz, Secretary, Commission, from 
Matthew B. Hinerfeld, Managing Director and Deputy General Counsel, 
Citadel Investment Group, L.L.C. on behalf of Citadel Derivatives 
Group LLC (collectively ``Citadel''), dated November 28, 2005 
(``Citadel Letter'').
    \8\ See letter to Nancy M. Morris, Secretary, Commission, from 
Neal L. Wolkoff, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Exchange, 
dated February 6, 2006.
    \9\ Amendment No. 4 revised the definition of ``Theoretical 
Price,'' with respect to multiply-traded options, to refer to the 
midpoint of the national best bid or national best offer (``NBBO'') 
just prior to the trade that does not reflect the erroneous quote. 
Quantifiable standards were also added to indicate more clearly how 
the Exchange would determine when a quote is ``erroneous.'' 
Amendment No. 4 also revised the definition of Theoretical Price for 
transactions occurring as part of an opening to state that 
Theoretical Price is the midpoint of the NBBO after the 
transaction(s) in question that does not reflect the erroneous 
transaction(s). In addition, Amendment No. 4 made minor technical 
revisions to the proposed rule text.
    \10\ Amendment No. 5 clarified that the process for calculating 
average quote width set forth in Amex Rules 936(a)(5) and 
936(a)(5)--ANTE also applies to the determination of average quote 
width for purposes of Amex Rules 936C(a)(5) and 936C(a)(5)--ANTE.
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II. Description of the Proposal

    Amex proposes to amend Amex Rules 936(a)(1) and 936(a)(1)--ANTE 
that pertain to equity options (``Equity

[[Page 62022]]

Options Obvious Error Rules'') and Amex Rules 936C(a)(1) and 
936C(a)(1)--ANTE pertaining to index options (``Index Options Obvious 
Error Rules'') (collectively, ``Obvious Error Rules'').
    The Exchange proposes to amend Amex Rules 936C(a)(1) and 
936C(a)(1)--ANTE to revise the definition of Theoretical Price; provide 
for the cancellation of a transaction resulting from a verifiable 
disruption or malfunction of an Exchange system, unless the parties 
agree to a price adjustment; permit additional types of electronic 
trades resulting from an erroneous quote in the underlying security to 
be adjusted or cancelled; revise the provision relating to ``no bid 
series''; and add a new provision for transactions executed outside of 
trading hours.
    In addition, the Exchange proposes to amend Amex Rules 936(C)(a)(1) 
and 936(C)(a)(1)--ANTE to revise the definition of Fair Market Value; 
provide for the cancellation of a transaction resulting from a 
verifiable disruption or malfunction of an Exchange system, unless the 
parties agree to a price adjustment; permit additional types of 
electronic trades resulting from an erroneous quote in the underlying 
security to be adjusted or cancelled; revise the provision relating to 
``no bid series''; and add a new provision for transactions executed 
outside of trading hours.

Erroneous Quotes

    The Exchange's Obvious Error Rules set forth several types of 
transactions that may qualify as an obvious error. If the transaction 
meets the appropriate Rule's conditions, it is subject to either 
adjustment or cancellation, as specified in the Rule. The proposal, as 
amended, would revise the Obvious Error Rules to account for the 
situation where the Amex posts an erroneous quote and subsequently a 
competing options exchange, in direct response to the erroneous quote, 
widens its quote to incorporate the prior erroneous quote of the Amex.
Equity Options
    Amex Rules 936(a)(1) and 936(a)(1)--ANTE currently provide that, in 
the case of equity options, an obvious pricing error will be deemed to 
have occurred when the execution price of an electronic transaction 
(i.e., not open outcry) varies from the option's Theoretical Price by 
the requisite amount set forth in the chart contained in these 
Rules.\11\ For multiply-traded equity options, the Theoretical Price is 
the last bid (offer) price with respect to an erroneous sell (buy) 
transaction just prior to the trade that is disseminated by the 
competing options exchange with the most liquidity in that class over 
the preceding two (2) calendar months. If there are no quotes for 
comparison purposes, then trading officials will determine the 
Theoretical Price. For transactions occurring as part of an opening, 
the Theoretical Price is the first quote after the transaction(s) in 
question that does not reflect the erroneous transaction(s). When an 
obvious price error occurs, the Amex either will adjust or cancel the 
transaction pursuant to Amex Rules 936(a)(1)(i) and 936(a)(1)(i)--ANTE.
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    \11\ The requisite amount is: $0.25 for options below $2; $0.40 
for options priced from $2 to $5; $0.50 for options priced above $5 
to $10; $0.80 for options priced above $10 to $20; and $1.00 for 
options priced above $20.
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    The proposed rule change, as amended, revises the definition of 
Theoretical Price with respect to multiply-traded options to refer to 
the midpoint of the NBBO just prior to the erroneous trade. Under the 
proposal, Theoretical Price will not include the national best bid (in 
case of a request for review by a seller) or national best offer (in 
case of a request for review by a buyer) of the competing options 
exchange(s) if such competing options exchange(s) widened its quote(s) 
to incorporate the prior erroneous quote of the Exchange. In such a 
case, the Theoretical Price will be the mid-point of the NBBO just 
prior to the trade that does not reflect the erroneous quote. If there 
are no competing options exchanges left without an erroneous quote, the 
Theoretical Price will be the mid-point of the NBBO after the 
transaction(s) in question that does not reflect the erroneous quote. 
For this purpose, an erroneous quote is a bid and/or offer that is 
above or below the midpoint of the NBBO immediately preceding the quote 
by at least the amount set forth in the chart contained in Amex Rules 
936(a)(1) and 936(a)(1)--ANTE.\12\
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    \12\ See id. for a description of the requisite amount set forth 
in Amex Rules 936(a)(1) and 936(a)(1)--ANTE.
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Index Options
    Currently, Amex Rules 936C(a)(1) and 936C(a)(1)--ANTE provide that 
an obvious pricing error will be deemed to have occurred when the 
execution price of an electronic transaction (i.e., not open outcry) 
varies from the option's Fair Market Value by a prescribed amount.\13\ 
For multiply-traded options, the Fair Market Value is the midpoint of 
the national best bid for erroneous sell transactions or national best 
offer for erroneous buy transactions. If there are no quotes for 
comparison purposes, then Amex Trading Officials will determine the 
Fair Market Value. For both singly-listed options and transactions 
occurring as part of an opening, Fair Market Value is the midpoint of 
the first quote after the transaction(s) in question that does not 
reflect the erroneous transaction(s).
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    \13\ For index options series trading with normal bid-ask 
differentials as established in Amex Rule 958(c), the prescribed 
amount is: (a) the greater of $0.10 or 10% for index options trading 
under $2.50; (b) 10% for index options trading at or above $2.50 and 
under $5; or (c) $0.50 for index options trading at $5 or higher. 
For index options series trading with bid-ask differentials that are 
greater than the widths established in Amex Rule 958(c), the 
prescribed amount is: (a) the greater of $0.20 or 20% for index 
options trading under $2.50; (b) 20% for index options trading at or 
above $2.50 and under $5; or (c) $1.00 for index options trading at 
$5 or higher.
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    The Exchange proposes to revise the rule text to state that the 
Fair Market Value will not include the national best bid price 
(erroneous sell transaction) or national best offer price (erroneous 
buy transaction) of competing options exchange(s) if such competing 
options exchange(s) widen their quote(s) to incorporate the prior 
erroneous quote of the Amex. In such a case, the Fair Market Value will 
be the midpoint of the first quote after the transaction(s) in question 
that does not reflect the erroneous quote. When an obvious price error 
occurs, Amex will either adjust or cancel the transaction pursuant to 
Amex Rules 936C(c) and 936C(c)--ANTE. For this purpose, an erroneous 
quote is a bid and or offer that is above or below the midpoint of the 
NBBO immediately preceding the quote by at least the amount set forth 
in Amex Rules 936C(a)(1) and 936C(a)(1)--ANTE.\14\
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    \14\ See id. for a description of the prescribed amount set 
forth in Amex Rules 936C(a)(1) and 936C(a)(1)--ANTE.
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Erroneous Quote in Underlying Security

    As set forth in the Obvious Error Rules, under certain conditions a 
transaction resulting from an erroneous quote in the underlying 
security may be adjusted or cancelled. However, a quote in an 
underlying security that is declared ``erroneous'' by the exchange that 
trades the security may not necessarily qualify for cancellation or 
adjustment under the current Obvious Error Rules.\15\ Therefore, the 
Exchange

[[Page 62023]]

proposes to amend Amex Rules 936(a)(5), 936(a)(5)--ANTE, 936C(a)(5), 
and 936C(a)(5)--ANTE so that when an exchange trading the underlying 
security declares its quote(s) ``non-firm,'' or when an exchange 
communicates to the Amex that it is experiencing systems or other 
problems affecting the reliability of its disseminated quotes, an 
electronic options trade on Amex resulting from such ``erroneous'' 
underlying quote could be cancelled or adjusted. For such a trade to be 
cancelled or adjusted, the Exchange would have to have proper 
documentation of the underlying exchange's non-firm declaration or 
notification of unreliable quotes, as applicable.
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    \15\ The Obvious Error Rules define an erroneous quote as a 
quote that occurs when the underlying security has a width of at 
least $1.00 and a width at least five times greater than the average 
quote width for such underlying security on the primary market (as 
defined in Amex Rule 900(b)(26) and Rule 900(b)(26)--ANTE) during 
the time period encompassing two minutes before and after the 
dissemination of such quote. The average quote width is determined 
by adding the quote widths of each separate quote during the four 
minute time period referenced above (excluding the quote in 
question) and dividing the number of quotes during such time period 
(excluding the quote in question).
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Transactions Executed Outside of Trading Hours

    The Exchange further proposes that any equity options or index 
options transaction that occurs outside normal trading hours 
(currently, 9:30 a.m. until 4 p.m. Eastern time (``ET'') for equity 
options and 9:30 a.m. until 4:15 p.m. ET for broad-based index options 
and options on select Exchange-Traded Fund Shares) would be cancelled 
if the Trading Officials determine that the transaction took place 
outside of Amex trading hours, except as set forth in Commentary .02 to 
Amex Rule 1.\16\
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    \16\ Amex Rule 1 sets forth the hours of business at the 
Exchange. Commentary .02 to Amex Rule 1 provides that no option 
series may freely trade after 4 p.m. ET except that broad stock 
index group options and options on select Exchange-Traded Fund 
Shares shall freely trade until 4:15 p.m. ET each business day. 
Three exceptions to the general rule are provided in Commentary .02, 
so that a trading rotation in any class of options may be effected 
even though the transaction will occur after 4 p.m. as follows: (i) 
trading in the underlying security opens or re-opens after 3:30 p.m. 
ET; (ii) such rotation was initiated due to unusual market 
conditions pursuant to Amex Rule 918 and notice of such rotation is 
publicly disseminated no later than the commencement of the rotation 
or 4 p.m. whichever is earlier or notice of such rotation is 
publicly disseminated after 4 p.m. and the rotation does not 
commence until five minutes after news of such rotation is publicly 
disseminated; or (iii) for option classes trading on ANTE, an 
automated trading rotation is held at the close of trading as soon 
as practicable after 4 p.m. ET.
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Verifiable Disruptions or Malfunctions of Exchange Systems

    In connection with transactions arising out of ``verifiable 
disruptions or malfunctions of Exchange systems,'' the Obvious Error 
Rules provide that those transactions that qualify for price adjustment 
will be adjusted to the Theoretical Price for equity options or Fair 
Market Value for index options. The Exchange proposes to add that, 
unless the parties agree to a price adjustment, the transaction would 
be cancelled.

No Bid Series

    Under the ``no bid series'' provisions of the Obvious Error Rules, 
electronic transactions in option series quoted ``no bid at a nickel'' 
(i.e., $0.05 offer) will be cancelled, provided at least one strike 
price below (for calls) or above (for puts) in the same options class 
was quoted ``no bid at a nickel'' at the time of execution. A ``no 
bid'' option refers to an option where the bid price is $0.00.\17\ The 
proposal seeks to revise the ``no bid series'' provision in the Obvious 
Error Rules to specify that the option series must be quoted no bid, 
rather than ``no bid at a nickel.'' According to the Exchange, the 
reason for this proposed change is that options that are priced at ``no 
bid,'' regardless of the offer, are typically deep out-of-the-money 
series that are perceived as having little, if any, chance of expiring 
in-the-money. The Exchange notes that this is especially the case when 
the series below (for calls) or above (for puts) in the same option 
class similar is quoted no bid. The Amex remarks that, in this 
situation, the offer price is irrelevant. The Exchange states that 
transactions in series that are quoted ``no bid at a dime,'' for 
example, are just as likely to be the result of an obvious error as are 
transactions in series that are quoted no bid at a nickel when the 
series below (for calls) or above (for puts) in the same option series 
similarly is quoted no bid.
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    \17\ If the bid price is $0.00, the offer price is typically 
$0.05. In this instance, the option typically is referred to as ``no 
bid at a nickel.''
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III. Discussion

    After careful consideration of the comments, the Commission finds 
that the proposed rule change, as amended, is consistent with the 
requirements of the Act and the rules and regulations thereunder 
applicable to a national securities exchange.\18\ In particular, the 
Commission finds that, the proposed rule change, as amended, is 
consistent with Section 6(b) of the Act,\19\ in general, and furthers 
the objectives of Section 6(b)(5) of the Act,\20\ in particular, in 
that it is designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and 
practices, to promote just and equitable principles of trade, and, in 
general, to protect investors and the public interest.
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    \18\ In approving this proposed rule change, the Commission has 
considered the proposed rule's impact on efficiency, competition, 
and capital formation. 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
    \19\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b).
    \20\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
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    The Commission considers that in most circumstances trades that are 
executed between parties should be honored. On rare occasions, the 
price of the executed trade indicates an ``obvious error'' may exist, 
suggesting that it is unrealistic to expect that the parties to the 
trade had come to a meeting of the minds regarding the terms of the 
transaction. In the Commission's view, the determination of whether an 
``obvious error'' has occurred should be based on specific and 
objective criteria and subject to specific and objective procedures. 
The Commission believes that the proposed rule change provides 
objective guidelines for the determination of whether an obvious price 
error has occurred. In addition, the Exchange's proposal to base the 
definition of Theoretical Price on the midpoint of the NBBO would 
ensure that the Amex's Obvious Error Rules are consistent with the 
Options Intermarket Linkage Plan, which requires exchanges to avoid 
trade throughs.
    The Commission also believes that the proposal sets forth specific 
objective criteria for the determination of obvious error transactions 
when a competing options exchange has widened its quote to incorporate 
an erroneous quote of the Amex. The proposal also establishes specific 
and objective procedures with respect to trades executed outside of the 
Exchange's trading hours and trades resulting from an erroneous quote 
in the underlying security when an exchange trading the underlying 
security directly communicates or disseminates a message that its 
quotes are not firm or directly communicates or confirms that it is 
experiencing systems or other problems affecting the reliability of its 
disseminated quotes. For these reasons, the Commission believes that 
the proposal, as amended, is consistent with the Act.
    The Commission has carefully considered the comments in the Citadel 
Letter.\21\ The Citadel Letter raised several concerns about Amex's 
current Obvious Error Rules and the Exchange's application of those 
rules.\22\ With respect to the proposed rule change, the Citadel Letter 
objected to the Exchange's

[[Page 62024]]

proposal to revise the definition of Theoretical Price \23\ to account 
for the situation when the Amex disseminates an erroneous quote that is 
then reflected in the quote of a competing exchange. The Citadel Letter 
contended that it will generally be impossible to discern whether 
another exchange widened its quotes as a result of an Amex erroneous 
quote. The Citadel Letter noted that allowing the Amex to determine 
whether another Exchange's quotes were erroneous and thus remove them 
from the calculation of Theoretical Price would inject uncertainty and 
unpredictability into the determination of obvious error.
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    \21\ See Citadel Letter, supra note 7.
    \22\ The Citadel Letter asserts that: (1) Amex rules are biased 
against other market participants; (2) Amex forces the rest of the 
market to bear the cost of alleged problems with its computer 
systems; and (3) Amex rules permitting the Exchange to nullify 
trades that are not numerical obvious errors should be abolished as 
a means to force Amex to internalize the costs of its allegedly 
defective computer systems. See Citadel Letter, supra note 7.
    \23\ In Amex's Obvious Error Rules relating to index options, 
Theoretical Price is referred to as Fair Market Value.
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    In Amendment No. 4, the Exchange revised the definition of 
Theoretical Price by adding quantifiable standards to better indicate 
how the Exchange will determine when a quote is ``erroneous'' and thus 
should be disregarded for purposes of calculating Theoretical Price. 
The Commission believes that the proposed rule change, as amended, 
addresses the concerns raised by the Citadel Letter that pertain to the 
proposed rule change.\24\ Amex's proposal to add numerical criteria to 
assess when another exchange's quote is erroneous should help to ensure 
that the Exchange's obvious error determinations with respect to 
erroneous quotes are objective.
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    \24\ See Amendment No. 4, supra note 9.
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    The Commission also finds good cause to approve Amendment Nos. 4 
and 5 to the proposed rule change prior to the thirtieth day after the 
amendment is published for comment in the Federal Register pursuant to 
Section 19(b)(2) of the Act.\25\ Amendment No. 4 bases the definition 
of Theoretical Price on the midpoint of the NBBO, ensuring that the 
Amex's obvious error rule is consistent with the Options Intermarket 
Linkage Plan, which requires exchanges to avoid trade-throughs. This 
revision is also consistent with recent changes to the obvious error 
rule of the Philadelphia Stock Exchange that were approved by the 
Commission.\26\ Amendment No. 5 simply clarifies that the process for 
calculating average quote width set forth in Amex Rules 936(a)(5) and 
936(a)(5)--ANTE (relating to equity options) also applies to the 
calculation of average quote width for purposes of Amex Rules 
936C(a)(5) and 936C(a)(5)--ANTE (relating to index options). The 
Commission believes that accelerated approval of Amendment Nos. 4 and 5 
would enable investors to benefit from the changes in the proposed rule 
change without further delay. Therefore, for these reasons, the 
Commission believes that good cause exists to accelerate approval of 
Amendment Nos. 4 and 5.
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    \25\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
    \26\ Securities Exchange Act Release No. 54070 (June 29, 2006), 
71 FR 38441 (July 6, 2006) (SR-Phlx-2005-73).
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IV. Solicitation of Comments

    Interested persons are invited to submit written data, views, and 
arguments concerning Amendment Nos. 4 and 5, including whether 
Amendment Nos. 4 and 5 are consistent with the Act. Comments may be 
submitted by any of the following methods:

Electronic Comments

     Use the Commission's Internet comment form (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml.
); or     Send an e-mail to rule-comments@sec.gov. Please include 

File No. SR-Amex-2005-060 on the subject line.

Paper Comments

     Send paper comments in triplicate to Nancy M. Morris, 
Secretary, Securities and Exchange Commission, Station Place, 100 F 
Street, NE., Washington, DC 20549-1090.

All submissions should refer to File Number SR-Amex-2005-060. This file 
number should be included on the subject line if e-mail is used. To 
help the Commission process and review your comments more efficiently, 
please use only one method. The Commission will post all comments on 
the Commission's Internet Web site (http://www.sec.gov/rules/sro.shtml
). Copies of the submission, all subsequent amendments, all 

written statements with respect to the proposed rule change that are 
filed with the Commission, and all written communications relating to 
the proposed rule change between the Commission and any person, other 
than those that may be withheld from the public in accordance with the 
provisions of 5 U.S.C. 552, will be available for inspection and 
copying in the Commission's Public Reference Room. Copies of such 
filing also will be available for inspection and copying at the 
principal office of the Amex. All comments received will be posted 
without change; the Commission does not edit personal identifying 
information from submissions. You should submit only information that 
you wish to make available publicly. All submissions should refer to 
File Number SR-Amex-2005-060 and should be submitted on or before 
November 13, 2006.

V. Conclusion

    For the foregoing reasons, the Commission finds that the proposed 
rule change, as amended, is consistent with the Act and the rules and 
regulations thereunder applicable to a national securities exchange, 
and, in particular, with Section 6(b)(5) of the Act \27\ in that it is 
designed to prevent fraudulent and manipulative acts and practices, to 
promote just and equitable principles of trade, and, in general, to 
protect investors and the public interest.
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    \27\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
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    It is therefore ordered, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the 
Act,\28\ that the proposed rule change (SR-Amex-2005-060) and Amendment 
Nos. 1, 2 and 3 thereto are approved, and that Amendment Nos. 4 and 5 
thereto are approved on an accelerated basis.
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    \28\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
    \29\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).

    For the Commission, by the Division of Market Regulation, 
pursuant to delegated authority.\29\
Jill M. Peterson,
Assistant Secretary.
[FR Doc. E6-17562 Filed 10-19-06; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 8011-01-P
