

[Federal Register: October 12, 2006 (Volume 71, Number 197)]
[Notices]               
[Page 60208-60216]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr12oc06-98]                         

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SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

[Release No. 34-54577; File No. SR-NYSE-2006-36]

 
Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; Order 
Approving Proposed Rule Change and Amendment Nos. 1 and 2 Thereto To 
Provide Floor Brokers With the Ability To Enter Discretionary 
Instructions and/or Pegging Instructions With Respect to Floor Broker 
Agency Interest Files (e-Quotes)

October 5, 2006.

I. Introduction

    On May 16, 2006, the New York Stock Exchange LLC (``NYSE'' or 
``Exchange'') filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission 
(``Commission''), pursuant to Section 19(b)(1) of the Securities 
Exchange Act of 1934 (``Act'') \1\ and Rule 19b-4 thereunder,\2\ a 
proposed rule change to provide floor brokers with the ability to enter 
discretionary and pegging instructions with respect to their floor 
broker agency interest files. On June 14, 2006 and July 11, 2006, NYSE 
filed Amendment Nos. 1 \3\ and 2 \4\ to the proposed rule change, 
respectively. The proposed rule change, as amended, was published for 
comment in the Federal Register on July 21, 2006.\5\ The Commission 
received six comment letters from three commenters.\6\ On September 13, 
2006, the Exchange filed a response to the comment letters.\7\ This 
order approves the proposed rule change, as amended.
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    \1\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(1).
    \2\ 17 CFR 240.19b-4.
    \3\ In Amendment No. 1, NYSE proposed additional changes and 
clarifications to the proposal.
    \4\ Amendment No. 2 supersedes and replaces the original rule 
change and Amendment No. 1 in their entirety.
    \5\ See Securities and Exchange Act Release No. 54150 (July 14, 
2006), 71 FR 41496.
    \6\ See Letters from George Rutherfurd, Consultant, dated June 
22, 2006 (``Rutherfurd I''), August 3, 2006 (``Rutherfurd II'') and 
September 21, 2006 (``Rutherfurd Letter III''); Warren Meyers, 
President, Independent Brokers Action Committee, dated August 11, 
2006 (``IBAC Letter''); and Junius W. Peake, Monfort Distinguished 
Emeritus Professor of Finance, Kenneth W. Monfort College of 
Business, dated August 18, 2006 (``Peake Letter I'') and October 3, 
2006 (``Peake Letter II'').
    \7\ See Letter from Mary Yeager, Secretary, NYSE, to Nancy 
Morris, Secretary, Commission, dated September 13, 2006 (``Response 
to Comments'').
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II. Background

    On March 22, 2006, the Commission approved NYSE's proposal to 
establish a Hybrid Market, which will alter the Exchange's market 
structure from a floor-based auction market with limited automated 
order interaction to a more automated market with limited floor-based 
auction market availability.\8\ To create its Hybrid Market, NYSE 
changed its rules to permit its floor members to participate in the 
market electronically. For example, specialists will have the ability 
to manually and systematically place in a separate file (``specialist 
interest file'') within the Display Book system \9\ their proprietary 
interest at prices at or outside the Exchange best bid or offer 
(``BBO''). In addition, specialists will establish algorithms 
(``Specialist Algorithm'') \10\ to send messages via an Exchange-owned 
application program interface to quote and trade for their proprietary 
accounts.\11\
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    \8\ See Securities and Exchange Act Release No. 53539, 71 FR 
16353 (March 31, 2006) (``Hybrid Market Order'').
    \9\ The Display Book system (``Display Book system'') is an 
order management and execution facility. The Display Book system 
receives and displays orders to the specialists, contains the 
customer limit order display book (``Book''), and provides a 
mechanism to execute and report transactions and publish the results 
to the Consolidated Tape. In addition, the Display Book system is 
connected to a variety of Exchange systems for the purposes of 
comparison, surveillance, and reporting information to customers and 
other market data and national market systems, i.e., the Intermarket 
Trading System, the Consolidated Tape Association, Consolidated 
Quotation System, etc.
    \10\ See NYSE Rule 104(b).
    \11\ See NYSE Rule 104(e).
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    As approved in the Hybrid Market Order, floor brokers will 
represent their customers' orders electronically in a separate file in 
the Display Book system (``floor broker agency interest file'') at 
multiple prices at or outside the Exchange BBO (``e-Quotes''). As 
approved, e-Quotes can participate in automatic executions at the 
Exchange BBO or outside the Exchange BBO during a sweep. E-Quotes may 
not, however, initiate trades with incoming orders at prices better 
than the Exchange BBO. Accordingly, the Exchange now proposes 
additional changes that it believes will further replicate 
electronically the manner in which floor brokers represent their 
customers' orders on the floor. Specifically, NYSE proposes to provide 
floor brokers with the ability to enter discretionary instructions as 
to the size and/or price at which their e-Quotes may trade (``d-
Quotes'').\12\ In addition, the Exchange proposes to provide floor 
brokers with the ability to set their e-Quotes and d-Quotes to peg to 
the Exchange BBO so that their e-Quotes or d-Quotes would be available 
for execution at the BBO as the Exchange BBO changes (``pegging'').
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    \12\ NYSE also refers to d-Quotes as ``discretionary e-Quotes'' 
in its proposed rule text.

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[[Page 60209]]

III. Description of the Proposal

A. Proposed Discretionary Instructions for e-Quotes

    The Exchange proposes NYSE Rule 70.25 to permit floor brokers to 
enter discretionary instructions with respect to the size and/or price 
at which the e-Quote would trade through the d-Quote functionality.\13\ 
Unlike e-Quotes, d-Quotes would provide floor brokers with the means to 
express a price range within which they are willing to actively trade 
at prices at or better than the BBO. The discretionary instructions 
would relate to the price at which the d-Quote could trade and the 
number of shares to which the discretionary price instructions would 
apply.\14\
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    \13\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(a)(i).
    \14\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(a)(i).
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    The discretionary instructions would only be active when the e-
Quote is at or joins the existing Exchange BBO or would establish a new 
Exchange BBO.\15\ Furthermore, discretionary instructions would be 
active for automatic executions only, and not active with respect to 
the opening or closing transactions on the Exchange.\16\ NYSE would 
also apply the discretionary instructions of a d-Quote only if all the 
d-Quoting prerequisites are met; otherwise, the d-Quote would be 
handled as a regular e-Quote (notwithstanding the fact that the floor 
broker has designated the e-Quote as a d-Quote).\17\ For instance, to 
qualify as a d-Quote, the e-Quote would be required to have a 
discretionary price range.\18\ Furthermore, the floor brokers must 
comply with the requirements for e-Quotes, as approved in the Hybrid 
Market, with regard to d-Quotes, including the requirement that floor 
brokers be present in the Crowd when they have placed interest in their 
floor broker agency interest files.\19\
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    \15\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(a)(ii).
    \16\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(a)(iii).
    \17\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(a)(iv). For example, if the d-
Quote is not at the Exchange BBO, it would not exercise its 
discretionary instructions and accordingly, would function like an 
e-Quote instead.
    \18\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(a)(iv).
    \19\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(a)(v).
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    Floor brokers would be permitted to have multiple d-Quotes, with 
different price and size instructions, on the same side of the market. 
Such multiple d-Quotes would not compete with each other for execution 
priority; rather, the trading volume would be allocated by floor 
broker, not the number of d-Quotes participating in an execution.\20\ 
Discretionary instructions would apply to both displayed and/or reserve 
interest.\21\ The specialist on the floor and the Specialist Algorithm 
would not have access to the discretionary instructions entered by 
floor brokers with respect to their e-Quotes.\22\
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    \20\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(a)(vi).
    \21\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(a)(vii).
    \22\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(a)(viii).
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1. Discretionary Price Instructions
    NYSE proposes to provide floor brokers with the ability to set a 
discretionary price range within the Exchange BBO to designate the 
prices at which their customers are willing to trade.\23\ The floor 
brokers' e-Quote must be represented in the Exchange BBO for 
discretionary pricing to be utilized. The price discretion set by the 
floor broker would be used to initiate or participate in a trade with 
an incoming order that is capable of trading at a price within the 
Exchange BBO and the discretionary price range.\24\
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    \23\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(b)(i).
    \24\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(b)(i). The minimum price range 
for a d-Quote would be the minimum price variation set forth in NYSE 
Rule 62, currently $0.01 for equity securities and $0.10 for equity 
securities trading at a price of $100,000 or greater. See proposed 
NYSE Rule 70.25(b)(ii) and NYSE Rules 62.10 and 62.20.
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    Floor brokers may also specify whether their discretionary price 
instructions would apply to all or only a portion of their d-Quotes. If 
price discretion is provided for only a portion of a d-Quote, the 
residual would be treated as an e-Quote.\25\ Finally, when price 
discretion is used, NYSE proposes that the shares executed from the d-
Quote be decremented from reserve size first, if any, and then from its 
displayed size.\26\
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    \25\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(b)(iii).
    \26\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(b)(iv).
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2. Discretionary Size Instructions
    In addition to discretionary price instructions, a floor broker may 
enter discretionary size instructions. Discretionary size instructions 
designate the portion of the e-Quote to which the discretionary price 
instructions would apply.\27\ Floor broker may also specify a minimum 
and/or maximum size of contra side volume with which it would be 
willing to trade using price discretion.\28\
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    \27\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(c)(i).
    \28\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(c)(ii). According to the 
Exchange, this should allow for more specific order management by 
preventing the d-Quote from trading with opposite side interest that 
the floor broker has judged to be too little or too great in the 
context of the order or orders it is managing.
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    NYSE proposes that its systems would only consider NYSE displayed 
interest to determine whether the size of the contra side volume is 
within the d-Quote's discretionary size range. Contra side reserve and 
other interest at the possible execution price would not be 
considered.\29\ Interest displayed by other market centers at the price 
at which a d-Quote could trade would not be considered by Exchange 
systems when determining if the d-Quote's minimum and/or maximum size 
range is met, unless the Floor broker electronically designates that 
such away volume should be included in this determination.\30\ Once the 
total amount of a floor broker's discretionary volume has been 
executed, the d-Quote's discretionary price instructions would become 
inactive, and the remainder of such d-Quote would be treated as an e-
Quote.\31\
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    \29\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(c)(iii). However, an increase 
or reduction in the size associated with a particular price that 
brings the contra side volume within a d-Quote's minimum/maximum 
discretionary size parameter would trigger an execution of that d-
Quote. See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(c)(v).
    \30\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(c)(iv).
    \31\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(c)(vi).
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3. Executions of d-Quotes
    NYSE stated that the goal of discretionary e-Quoting is to secure 
the largest execution for the d-Quote, using the least amount of price 
discretion. Accordingly, d-Quotes may improve the execution price of 
incoming orders. However, if no discretion is necessary to accomplish a 
trade, none would be used.\32\ In addition, future executions that 
could occur, such as those resulting from the execution of elected 
contra side CAP-DI orders, would not be considered in determining when, 
and to what extent, price discretion would be necessary to accomplish a 
trade.\33\
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    \32\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(d)(i).
    \33\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(d)(i)(A).
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    Pursuant to the proposed rules, d-Quotes would automatically 
execute against a contra side order that enters the Display Book 
system, if the order's price is within the discretionary price range, 
and the order's size meets any minimum or maximum size requirements 
that have been set for the d-Quote.\34\ If there are multiple d-Quotes 
from different floor brokers on the same side of the market with the 
same discretionary price instructions, then such d-Quotes would trade 
on parity, after interest entitled to priority is executed.\35\ 
Multiple d-Quotes from different floor brokers on the same side of the 
market also would compete for an execution, with the most aggressive 
price range establishing the execution price. If an incoming order 
remains unfilled at that price, executions within the less aggressive 
price range would

[[Page 60210]]

then occur.\36\ In addition, d-Quotes would compete with same-side 
specialist algorithmic trading messages that seek to trade with 
incoming orders.\37\ If the price of d-Quotes and specialist trading 
messages are the same, d-Quotes and the specialist messages would trade 
on parity.\38\
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    \34\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(d)(ii).
    \35\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(d)(iii).
    \36\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(d)(iv).
    \37\ See NYSE Rule 104(b). Specialists are limited in the 
instances in which they may trade with incoming orders.
    \38\ See proposed NYSE Rules 70.25(d)(v) and 104(c)(ix).
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    D-Quotes from floor brokers on the opposite sides of the market 
could trade with each other. In these circumstances, the d-Quote that 
arrived at the Display Book system last would use the most discretion 
necessary to effect a trade.\39\ All executions involving d-Quotes must 
comply with Rule 611 under Regulation NMS (``Reg. NMS'').\40\ 
Accordingly, when a protected bid or offer, as defined in Reg. NMS,\41\ 
is published by another market center at a price that is better than 
the price at which contra side d-Quotes could trade, the amount of 
discretion necessary to permit a trade on the Exchange that is 
consistent with Rule 611 would be used, or such portion of the d-Quote 
as is necessary would be automatically routed in accordance with Rule 
611 in order to permit a trade to occur on the Exchange.\42\
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    \39\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(d)(vi).
    \40\ See Rule 611 of Reg. NMS, 17 CFR 242.611 and proposed NYSE 
Rule 70.25(d)(vii).
    \41\ See Rule 600(b)(57) of Reg. NMS, 17 CFR 242.600(b)(57).
    \42\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(d)(vi)(A).
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    D-Quotes also could provide price improvement to, and trade with, 
an incoming contra side specialist algorithmic trading message to ``hit 
bid/take offer,'' just as they could with any other marketable incoming 
interest.\43\ D-Quotes may initiate sweeps in accordance with and to 
the extent provided by NYSE Rules 1000-1004, but only to the extent of 
their price and volume discretion. They also could participate in 
sweeps initiated by other orders, but, in such cases, their 
discretionary instructions would not be active.\44\ Finally, d-Quotes 
would not trade at a price that would trigger a liquidity replenishment 
point (``LRP''), as defined in NYSE Rule 1000.\45\ Accordingly, a sweep 
involving a d-Quote would always stop at least one cent before an LRP 
is reached.\46\
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    \43\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(d)(viii).
    \44\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(d)(ix).
    \45\ LRPs are pre-determined price points that would halt 
automatic executions for varying periods depending on the price and 
remaining size, if any, of an automatic execution order. See NYSE 
Rule 1000. The Commission notes that NYSE has proposed to amend its 
LRPs. See Securities Exchange Act Release No. 54520 (September 27, 
2006), 71 FR 57590 (September 29, 2006).
    \46\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(d)(ix)(A).
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B. Pegging

    NYSE proposes to allow its floor brokers to enter instructions with 
regard to their e-Quotes so that they would ``peg'' the Exchange BBO. A 
pegging instruction may be added as a separate type of discretionary 
instruction and may be active along with discretionary price 
instructions. Specifically, under the proposed rules, a floor broker 
could set an e-Quote, other than a tick-sensitive e-Quote, to be 
available for execution at the Exchange best bid (for an e-Quote that 
represents a buy order) or at the Exchange best offer (for an e-Quote 
that represents a sell order) as the Exchange BBO changes, so long as 
the Exchange BBO is at or within the e-Quote's limit price.\47\ A floor 
broker could similarly employ pegging for its d-Quotes.\48\
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    \47\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(i).
    \48\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(ii).
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    The Exchange proposes that pegging be active only when auto-quoting 
is active.\49\ Pegging interest would trade on parity with other 
interest at the BBO after the interest entitled to priority has been 
executed. Pegging is reactive. Accordingly, a pegging e-Quote or d-
Quote would not establish the Exchange BBO as result of pegging,\50\ 
and therefore could not establish price priority by pegging. The 
existence of pegging instructions, however, would not preclude an e-
Quote or d-Quote from having priority.\51\
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    \49\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(iii). The Exchange represented 
that this means when the Autoquote System is active. Telephone 
conversation between Nancy Reich, Vice President, Office of the 
General Counsel, NYSE, and Kelly Riley, Assistant Director, Division 
of Market Regulation, Commission, on October 4, 2006.
    \50\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(v).
    \51\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(vi).
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    E-Quotes and d-Quotes with pegging instructions will only peg other 
non-pegging interest.\52\ Further, an e-Quote or d-Quote would not be 
able to sustain the Exchange BBO as a result of pegging, if there is no 
other non-pegged interest at that price, and such price is not the e-
Quote's or d-Quote's limit price.\53\ Specifically, if the lowest 
quotable price established by the floor broker for a pegging e-Quote or 
d-Quote to buy is the Exchange best bid, and all other interest at that 
price cancels or is executed, the pegging e-Quote or d-Quote would 
remain displayed at that best bid price.\54\ Similarly, if the highest 
quotable price established by the floor broker for a pegging e-Quote or 
d-Quote to sell is the Exchange best offer and all other interest at 
that price cancels or is executed, the pegging e-Quote or d-Quote would 
remain displayed at that best offer price.\55\
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    \52\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(vii).
    \53\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(viii).
    \54\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(viii)(A).
    \55\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(viii)(B).
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    Floor brokers may establish price ranges for an e-Quote or d-Quote, 
beyond which the pegging function would not be available. Specifically, 
the floor broker can set a ``quote price,'' which would be the lowest 
price to which a buy e-Quote or d-Quote could peg or the highest price 
to which a sell e-Quote or d-Quote could peg.\56\ The floor broker may 
also set a ``ceiling price,'' which is the highest price to which a buy 
side e-Quote or d-Quote could peg \57\ and a ``floor price,'' which is 
the lowest price to which a sell side e-Quote or d-Quote could peg.\58\ 
The quote, ceiling, and floor price may be at a price other than the 
limit price of the order being e-Quoted or d-Quoted, but may not be 
inconsistent with the order's limit.\59\
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    \56\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(ix)(A).
    \57\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(ix)(B).
    \58\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(ix)(C).
    \59\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(ix)(D).
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    Under the proposed rules, as long as the Exchange best bid (offer) 
is at or within the pegging price range selected by the floor broker 
with respect to a buy-side (sell-side) e-Quote or d-Quote, the pegging 
e-Quote or d-Quote would join such best bid (offer) as it is auto 
quoted.\60\ If the floor broker does not designate a pegging range, but 
has instructed that its e-Quote or d-Quote should peg, the e-Quote or 
d-Quote would peg to the Exchange best bid (offer) as long as such bid 
(offer) is within the limit of the order that is being e-Quoted or d-
Quoted.\61\
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    \60\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(x). See also note 49, supra.
    \61\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(xi).
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    Furthermore, as an e-Quote or d-Quote pegs, its discretionary price 
range, if any, would move along with it, subject to any floor or 
ceiling price set by the floor broker.\62\ In addition, if the Exchange 
best bid is higher than the ceiling price of a pegging buy-side e-Quote 
or d-Quote, the e-Quote or d-Quote would remain at its quote price or 
the highest price at which there is other interest within its pegging 
price range, whichever is higher (consistent with the limit price of 
the order underlying the e-Quote or d-Quote).\63\ Similarly, if the 
Exchange best offer is lower than the floor price of a pegging sell-
side e-Quote or d-Quote, the e-Quote or d-Quote would remain at its

[[Page 60211]]

quote price or the lowest price at which there is other interest within 
its pegging price range, whichever is lower (consistent with the limit 
price of the order underlying the e-Quote or d-Quote).\64\ However, if 
the Exchange BBO returns to a price within the pegging price range 
selected by the floor broker, the e-Quote or d-Quote would once again 
peg to the Exchange BBO.\65\
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    \62\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(xii).
    \63\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(xii)(A).
    \64\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(xii)(B).
    \65\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(xii)(C).
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    Finally, a floor broker may specify the minimum and/or maximum size 
of same side volume to which its e-Quote or d-Quote would peg.\66\ 
Other pegging e-Quote or d-Quote volume would not be considered in 
determining whether the volume parameters set by the floor broker have 
been met.\67\
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    \66\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(xiii).
    \67\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.26(xiii).
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C. Other Proposed Changes

1. NYSE Rule 70.20
    The Exchange also proposes to amend NYSE Rule 70.20(j)(i) to 
specify that e-Quotes could participate in the closing trade, in 
accordance with the policies and procedures of the Exchange and NYSE 
Rule 70.20(k) to specify that during the close, a floor broker's 
reserve interest, if any, would be added to the size of its e-Quoted 
interest.
2. NYSE Rule 123(e)
    The Exchange proposes to add certain required terms regarding e-
Quotes, d-Quotes, and pegging instructions as part of its Rule 123, 
which requires the entry of certain order information into the 
Exchange's Front End Systemic Capture System before such order can be 
represented.
3. NYSE Rule 1000(d)
    The Exchange proposes to amend NYSE Rule 1000(d)(iii)(A) to specify 
that d-Quotes will participate in sweeps in the manner specified in 
proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(d)(ix).

D. Implementation

    As explained in the Response to Comments, NYSE proposes to 
implement the proposal in Phases 3 and 4 of the Hybrid Market in two 
parts.\68\ The first part, which would be implemented as part of Phase 
3 of the Hybrid Market, would provide the pegging and d-Quote 
functionality with respect to the ability to trade with marketable 
orders. The second part, which would provide the d-Quote functionality 
with opposite-side interest anywhere in its discretionary range, is 
scheduled for implementation in Phase 4 of the Hybrid Market. Phase 3 
is currently scheduled to commence on or about October 6, 2006 and is 
expected to be completed in early-December 2006. Phase 4 is expected to 
begin in December 2006, immediately following the completion of Phase 
3.
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    \68\ See Response to Comments.
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IV. Summary of Comments

    The Commission received a total of six comment letters from three 
commenters on the proposed rule change \69\ and NYSE filed the Response 
to Comments.\70\ One commenter generally supported NYSE's proposal.\71\ 
The other two commenters did not support the proposal and raised 
specific concerns about the proposal.
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    \69\ See supra note 6.
    \70\ See supra note 7.
    \71\ See IBAC Letter.
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    One commenter argued that the proposal raises significant market 
structure issues because he believes that it will allow hidden orders 
to compete directly with transparent market interest.\72\ This 
commenter argues that the proposal would allow hidden order 
trading,\73\ which makes the markets less transparent to those who seek 
liquidity and denies executions to those who post liquidity. Further, 
the commenter argued that hidden order trading would render meaningless 
the notion of published quotes or the national best bid/offer 
(``NBBO'') because of the existence of hidden immediately executable 
market interest available between the published quote. The commenter 
believes that these results are inconsistent with the principles of 
Section 11A of the Act \74\ and the Commission's Reg. NMS in that they 
compromise the notion that a fully transparent market is the fairest 
for all investors.\75\ This commenter also argued that the d-Quote 
proposal would hinder the price discovery process. By hiding interest 
willing to trade at a specified price, investors will not be able to 
make fully informed pricing decisions for their orders.
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    \72\ See Rutherfurd Letter I.
    \73\ The commenter disagrees with the NYSE's classification of 
d-Quotes as discretionary order instructions. The commenter argues 
that d-Quotes are actually conditional limit orders that will be 
automatically and immediately executed upon the satisfaction of the 
specified terms entered by the floor broker. See also Peake Letters 
I and II.
    \74\ 15 U.S.C. 78k-1.
    \75\ This commenter urges the Commission to issue a concept 
release on hidden order trading to consider the implications on 
market transparency, published quotations, public limit order 
protection, and price discovery processes. See Rutherfurd Letter I.
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    The commenter disagreed with NYSE's representation that the 
proposal replicated the manner in which floor brokers act on behalf of 
their customers in the physical auction market.\76\ The commenter 
acknowledged that floor brokers have always provided in-between-the-
published-quote executions on the floor but that in the physical 
auction, the decision of the floor broker to participate in an 
execution is made on a trade-by-trade basis after contra side orders 
arrive in the crowd. The commenter argued that in the auction 
``everything is transparent.'' \77\ While floor brokers may hold 
discretionary orders that are not known to the public, these orders are 
not active until the floor broker makes a public bid (offer) that is 
known to all in the trading crowd. After a floor broker makes its bid 
(offer) public in the crowd, other brokers or the specialist can 
compete by bidding higher (offering lower). Thus, the commenter argued, 
``everything is transparent, as the previously `hidden' discretionary 
order must be disclosed prior to the trade, and even after it is 
disclosed, is not guaranteed an opportunity to trade if competing 
market participants then bid higher (offer lower).'' \78\
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    \76\ See Rutherfurd Letters I and III.
    \77\ See Rutherfurd Letter III.
    \78\ Id.
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    According to the commenter, the d-Quote, however, would allow floor 
brokers to enter into an automated system better prices that are always 
available for immediate execution and because they are not disclosed, 
other market participants are not able to compete with them to provide 
an even better priced execution. The commenter argues that the proposal 
gives floor brokers a time/place advantage because they can react to 
what is placed in the Book. The commenter believes that this time/place 
advantage is more troubling than what floor members on the Exchange 
currently possess because it is not mitigated by transparency at the 
point of sale like it is in the current auction market.\79\ Finally, 
the commenter noted investors do not enjoy the same informational 
benefit of knowing the prices at which floor brokers' customers are 
willing to trade. If they did, the commenter argued, they would be able 
to make the decision of how to price their own orders and thus, would 
be able to compete with the floor brokers' customers.
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    \79\ See Rutherfurd Letters I and III.
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    The commenter also argues that the proposal was inconsistent with 
Sections 6(b)(5) \80\ and 11A \81\ of the Act.\82\ The commenter argues 
that by giving floor brokers the exclusive ability to enter

[[Page 60212]]

discretionary instructions, the NYSE proposal is inconsistent with 
Section 6(b)(5) of the Act, which states that an exchange's rules 
cannot be designed to ``permit unfair discrimination between customers, 
issuers, brokers or dealers * * *'' \83\ In addition, the commenter 
argues that by requiring members to use floor brokers to enter 
discretionary instructions, the proposal is inconsistent with Section 
11A(a)(1)(C)(i) of the Act,\84\ which reflects Congress' belief that it 
is in the public interest and appropriate for the protection of 
investors and the maintenance of a fair and orderly market to assure 
the ``economically efficient execution of securities transactions.'' 
This commenter argued that NYSE's proposal is a ``direct impediment to 
economically efficient execution of securities transactions'' because 
upstairs members can, and should be permitted to, exercise their own 
judgment and put discretionary instructions on their own orders without 
having to incur the significant additional expense of using a floor 
broker. This commenter believes that floor brokers will merely perform 
a clerical function of inputting an order with specific conditions and 
that the NYSE systems will thereafter represent and execute the order.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \80\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \81\ 15 U.S.C. 78k-1.
    \82\ See Rutherfurd Letters I, II and III.
    \83\ The commenter also argues that the proposal is 
anticompetitive because it benefits one class of market participants 
(floor brokers) at the expense of other market participants. See 
Rutherfurd Letter III. See also Peake Letter II. Another commenter 
argues that all market participants should have access to the 
``national market system.'' See Peake Letter I.
    \84\ 15 U.S.C. 78k-1(a)(1)(C)(i).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The commenter disagreed with NYSE's representation that the 
proposal would give floor brokers a means to compete with specialists' 
algorithmic trading and quoting. The commenter believes that specialist 
algorithmic trading on parity with interest represented by floor 
brokers is inconsistent with Section 11A of the Act \85\ and argues the 
floor broker d-Quotes do not rectify this problem with specialist 
trading in the Hybrid Market. Specifically, the commenter cites Section 
11A(a)(1)(C)(v) of the Act,\86\ which reflects Congress' belief that 
investors' orders should have the opportunity to be executed without 
the participation of a dealer.\87\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \85\ 15 U.S.C. 78k-1.
    \86\ 15 U.S.C. 78k-1(a)(1)(C)(v).
    \87\ See Rutherfurd Letter I. See also Peake Letter II. The 
commenter also argues that specialists trading on parity with 
investors' orders represented by floor brokers is inconsistent with 
the specialists' negative obligation. See Rutherfurd Letter I.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Another commenter argued that floor brokers should continue to be 
allowed to object to specialists' trading on parity when opening or 
increasing a position, in order to closely replicate the present 
auction market.\88\ Finally, this commenter urged that d-Quotes and 
specialist algorithms be phased-in together.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \88\ See IBAC Letter. See also Rutherfurd Letter III (stating 
that if the specialist is permitted to trade on parity, the 
Commission should demand that NYSE allow a floor broker objection 
mechanism in the Hybrid Market so that floor brokers could protect 
the public).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

NYSE's Response

    NYSE believes that its proposal does replicate the manner in which 
floor brokers represent customer orders in the current auction market. 
Specifically, NYSE believes that d-Quotes are necessary to ensure that 
floor brokers are able to perform a function similar to that which they 
perform today as the markets become faster and more automated. NYSE 
believes that the proposal should allow floor brokers to electronically 
replicate the order management decisions they make regarding the 
representation of customer orders. According to NYSE, investors that 
use floor brokers would not be able to access the market in the manner 
they do today. NYSE argues that the proposed discretionary instructions 
and pegging ability will allow floor brokers to use their judgment and 
expertise in managing their customers' orders in a faster, automated 
market.
    In response to the comment that d-Quotes would negatively impact 
price discovery and provide informational advantages to floor brokers, 
NYSE noted that d-Quote function is similar to proposals by other 
markets that permit non-displayed orders that trade between the 
quote.\89\ Furthermore, NYSE believes that d-Quotes would replicate 
that which occurs in the manual auction market and would not provide 
more or less information than is currently available in the Exchange's 
market. According to NYSE, the d-Quote is ``as transparent as any other 
floor broker-represented order that is not fully displayed in 
accordance with long established trading practices, SEC rules and 
regulations and NYSE rules and regulations.'' Because the Hybrid Market 
would continue to involve the interaction of floor brokers representing 
their customer's orders, limit orders on the Display Book system, and 
the specialist's dealer interest, NYSE believes that the price 
discovery mechanism would continue to exist. NYSE argues that d-Quotes 
would ``merely enhance the ability of floor brokers to effectively 
represent their customers' orders in the automated portion of the 
Hybrid Market'' and they do not replace order interaction or the price 
discovery process.\90\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \89\ NYSE believes that these types of orders were approved in 
response to market participants' preference for order and customer 
anonymity, despite the typical argument that such anonymity could be 
detrimental to other market participants. See Response to Comments. 
But see Rutherfurd Letter III (arguing that NYSE is not replicating 
hidden order (reserve) trading that is conducted in other markets).
    \90\ But see Rutherfurd Letter III. Disagreeing with NYSE's 
response, this commenter argued that floor broker and specialist 
interest could not promote price discovery when such interest is 
entirely hidden.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In response the commenter's suggestion that d-Quotes would create 
price uncertainty, NYSE also believes that d-Quotes would provide 
investors with a better opportunity for price improvement and would 
moderate volatility by providing liquidity and better price 
continuity.\91\ NYSE believes that d-Quotes would attract liquidity 
from incoming orders seeking the opportunity for a better priced and/or 
larger sized transaction that could result from an increase in 
competition between specialists and other floor brokers' d-Quotes.\92\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \91\ See Response to Comments. But see Rutherfurd Letter III. 
This commenter objected to NYSE's position that d-Quotes would 
provide increased opportunities for price improvement, arguing 
instead that the e/d-Quote ``overhangs'' the market and is pre-
programmed to trade automatically. The commenter claims, therefore, 
that the e/d-Quote is, in actuality, the ``real'', non-discretionary 
NYSE market that is willing to trade at such hidden price. Rather 
than receiving price improvement, the incoming order is merely 
receiving an execution at the real, pre-existing NYSE price.
    \92\ But see Rutherfurd Letter III (arguing that e/d-Quotes 
could not attract liquidity or enhance competition when they are 
hidden).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    With respect to the concern that d-Quotes would create an ``unlevel 
informational playing field,'' NYSE noted while investors that use 
floor brokers would gain the benefits of d-Quotes, the d-Quotes do not 
create an unequal or unfair advantage for any market participant. NYSE 
pointed out that specialists and their algorithms would not know about 
any discretionary instructions, and floor brokers would have access 
only to information about their own agency interest, not to other 
broker's files.\93\ NYSE refuted one commenter's suggestion that limit 
orders on the Book would have access to less information as a result of 
d-Quotes by representing that investors entering limit orders would be 
privy to the same information as is currently available to them, which, 
NYSE points out, does not presently include knowledge of a floor 
broker's decisions

[[Page 60213]]

regarding order management, until after such decisions are affected.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \93\ NYSE also indicated that neither the specialist on the 
floor nor the specialist algorithmic trading system would have 
access to any of the discretionary instructions entered by the floor 
broker in connection with the d-Quotes. See Response to Comments.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    With respect to the commenters' implication that d-Quotes would 
disadvantage limit orders on the Book by denying executions to those 
who post liquidity, NYSE responded that the principles of priority and 
parity at the NYSE BBO would not be changed with the introduction of 
the d-Quote.\94\ Accordingly, a limit order with priority at the BBO on 
the same side of the d-Quote would trade first in any execution at the 
quote. Furthermore, NYSE stated that d-Quotes would not force nor cause 
limit orders to accept different or worse prices than what their limits 
dictate. NYSE explained that because discretionary pricing would allow 
d-Quotes to trade at prices in between the quote where there are no 
public limit orders, d-Quotes would provide price improvement to an 
incoming order capable of trading at such better price and would not 
negatively impact the limit order displayed at a worse price. If the 
commenter was implying that the person entering the limit order would 
have entered his or her limit order at the better price had he or she 
known there were other market participants interested in trading at 
such price, NYSE responded that nothing prevented the limit order from 
being entered at such better price at the outset.\95\ Furthermore, NYSE 
believes that nothing in the securities laws or Exchange rules require 
that every market participant fully disclose their interest at the best 
price possible; instead, customers are permitted to choose from a 
variety of options, including the order management provided by floor 
brokers.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \94\ See Response to Comments.
    \95\ But see Rutherfurd Letter III (arguing that participants 
entering public limit orders could only react to publicly available 
information).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In response to commenters' suggestion that floor brokers should 
retain the right to exclude specialists from trading on parity when 
increasing a position with respect to automatic executions, NYSE noted 
that this provision was approved in the Hybrid Market Order. To the 
extent that floor brokers wish to prevent specialists from trading on 
parity with their orders in the Hybrid Market, NYSE stated that floor 
brokers could send those orders for execution through SuperDot.\96\ In 
response to a commenter's objection to NYSE's proposal to deactivate 
the discretionary instructions of a d-Quote during a sweep that is 
initiated by other orders,\97\ NYSE stated that this amendment 
recognizes that when a d-Quote is participating in a sweep, as opposed 
to initiating a sweep, employing the discretionary pricing instructions 
of the d-Quote would not provide additional value to the customer being 
d-Quoted.\98\
    With regard to the comments on the Exchange's proposed 
implementation schedule,\99\ NYSE acknowledged that, given the 
complexity of the software developed for the d-Quote functionality and 
the extensive system changes required to enable increased automatic 
execution capabilities, it has not been able to launch all of these 
initiatives at the same time.\100\ NYSE explained that floor brokers 
had requested the d-Quoting functionality well after the design of e-
Quoting was completed and the necessary programming changes were 
scheduled. As a result, d-Quoting was initially slated for 
implementation as part of the last phase of the Hybrid Market. However, 
in response to requests from floor brokers, NYSE claimed that it has 
made every effort to move d-Quote implementation forward as much as 
possible. In addition, NYSE stated that it would be adding to the 
upcoming software releases a number of other changes recently requested 
by floor brokers, designed to improve the efficiency of the devices 
they use to access the market. Furthermore, NYSE maintained that the 
rollout of d-Quotes is timed to a program that provides ample training 
and trading practice for floor brokers using the new functionality. 
Accordingly, NYSE believes that the sheer volume of system and other 
required software changes, coupled with the need for appropriate 
training, mandates that the Exchange implement d-Quoting in two 
parts.\101\ Finally, NYSE believes that the phase-in process would be 
sensitive to the varied needs of all market participants affected by 
the introduction of these complex changes, and that thorough and proper 
broker training and preparation for the d-Quote is essential, as it 
protects the broker from making unintended trading errors.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \96\ NYSE believes this solution was supported by floor brokers 
who worked with the Exchange in designing the e-Quote. See Response 
to Comments. But see Rutherfurd Letter III (arguing that NYSE's 
response is not providing a feasible means for a floor broker to 
protect its public customer from unnecessary specialist competition 
since, as a practical matter, floor brokers would not be able to 
participate in the Hybrid Market if they were to send their orders 
through SuperDot).
    \97\ See IBAC Letter.
    \98\ See Response to Comments.
    \99\ See IBAC Letter.
    \100\ See Response to Comments.
    \101\ See Section III., D. for a complete discussion of the two-
part implementation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

V. Discussion

    After careful review and consideration of the comments, the 
Commission finds that the proposed rule change, as amended, is 
consistent with the requirements of the Act and the rules and 
regulations thereunder applicable to a national securities exchange 
and, in particular, with the requirements of Section 6(b) of the 
Act.\102\ Specifically, the Commission finds that approval of the 
proposed rule change, as amended, is consistent with Section 6(b)(5) of 
the Act \103\ in that the proposal is designed to promote just and 
equitable principles of trade, to foster cooperation and coordination 
with persons engaged in regulating, clearing, settling, processing 
information with respect to, and facilitating transactions in 
securities, to remove impediments to and perfect the mechanism of a 
free and open market and a national market system, and, in general, to 
protect investors and the public interest. Further, the Commission 
believes that the proposed rule change, as amended, is consistent with 
Section 11A(a)(1)(C) of the Act,\104\ in which Congress found that it 
is in the public interest and appropriate for the protection of 
investors and the maintenance of fair and orderly markets to assure: 
(1) Economically efficient execution of securities transactions; (2) 
fair competition among brokers and dealers and among exchange markets, 
and between exchange markets, and markets other than exchange markets; 
(3) the availability to brokers, dealers, and investors of information 
with respect to quotations and transactions in securities; (4) the 
practicability of brokers executing investors' orders in the best 
markets; and (5) an opportunity for investors' orders to be executed 
without the participation of a dealer.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \102\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b). In approving this proposal, the 
Commission has considered the proposed rules' impact on efficiency, 
competition, and capital formation. 15 U.S.C. 78c(f).
    \103\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \104\ 15 U.S.C. 78k-1(a)(1)(C).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Currently in the NYSE auction, floor brokers represent their 
customers' orders for execution. For many orders, floor brokers have 
discretion to determine the price at which their customers' orders 
should be executed, subject to their agency obligations and best 
execution requirements. As the NYSE market becomes more automated, NYSE 
and its floor brokers have considered how floor brokers can continue to 
represent their customers in a meaningful fashion. NYSE continues to 
believe that its physical auction on the floor will play an important 
role in

[[Page 60214]]

its market even as automated execution expands.
    In the Hybrid Market, as approved, NYSE made provisions to allow 
its floor brokers to represent their customers in the electronic 
portion of the market. NYSE, however, also placed restrictions on their 
activities to reflect the continued role of the auction on the floor. 
Specifically, NYSE requires its floor brokers to be in the ``Crowd'' 
when representing customers electronically so that they can be 
available to represent their customers should the market move to the 
floor.
    With this current proposal, NYSE proposes to give floor brokers 
more tools with which to represent their customers. NYSE represents 
that the discretionary instructions that it has proposed are intended 
to replicate the manner in which floor brokers represent orders in the 
auction. In addition, NYSE stated that d-Quotes will enable floor 
brokers to compete with other participants in an automated market 
place, including specialists, and may enhance the quality of order 
execution on the Exchange.
    As discussed above, d-Quotes will enable floor brokers to place 
within the Display Book system, in a manner that is not displayed, the 
prices and sizes at which their customers are willing to trade if a 
contra side order arrives in the market. The d-Quote could enable floor 
brokers to better compete with other market participants, and possibly 
enhance the quality of order execution on the Exchange. The Commission 
believes that the Exchange's proposed d-Quote functionality is broadly 
consistent with the requirements of the Act, and within the realm of 
business judgment generally left to the discretion of individual 
markets.
    The pegging function will enable floor brokers to remain in the 
Exchange BBO as the quote moves. As the markets become more electronic 
it may be very difficult for a floor broker to effectively manually 
adjust the prices of its customers' orders in the Display Book system. 
The Commission believes that the proposed pegging function should 
provide floor brokers with the ability to track the quote as it 
changes, thereby providing floor brokers with an additional tool to 
offer liquidity at the Exchange BBO, once the Exchange shifts from the 
manual auction market to a faster, predominantly electronic market. The 
pegging function also is designed to help them continuously meet one of 
the requirements for using the d-Quote--namely, maintaining an e-Quote 
at the NYSE BBO. Accordingly, the Commission finds that the proposal to 
implement a pegging function for floor brokers is consistent with the 
requirements of the Act.

A. Comments

1. Transparency
    One commenter argued that the proposal would have an adverse impact 
on transparency because the discretionary instructions would not be 
disclosed to the public. The commenter argued that by not disclosing d-
Quotes to the public, the Exchange was making its market less 
transparent to investors who seek liquidity and would be denying 
executions to investors who post liquidity. According to the commenter, 
the proposal would lessen incentives to post liquidity by allowing d-
Quotes to trade despite the existence of displayed limit orders.
    The commenter also argued that the lack of transparency of the d-
Quotes would negatively impact the price discovery process by lessening 
the usefulness of the NBBO. The commenter argued that investors would 
be denied complete information about the current state of the prices 
and sizes at which other investors are willing to trade. Unlike the 
current auction where, according to the commenter, only interest that 
is disclosed is permitted to participate in an execution, d-Quotes will 
participate in an execution if their terms are fulfilled without 
disclosure to other market participants who may be willing to trade at 
the same or better price.
    The Commission notes that it has never required complete disclosure 
of all trading interest, and that it has permitted the use of 
undisplayed order types. Today, for example, floor brokers may hold 
significant trading interest that may be available for execution that 
is not broadly disclosed, but that may participate in a transaction on 
the Exchange.
    NYSE has proposed a means by which floor brokers can continue to 
represent customers without having to disclose the customers' entire 
orders. Floor brokers will be able to adjust their d-Quotes to reflect 
their customers' investment strategies.
    The Commission believes that NYSE has designed its proposal to 
allow floor brokers to represent their customers in a manner similar to 
how they operate in the auction market. The Commission believes that 
the proposal is not likely to substantially reduce transparency because 
these orders are not currently displayed. The Commission also notes 
that it has approved similar undisplayed order types for use by other 
markets.\105\ Accordingly, the Commission finds that the proposal is 
consistent with the Act.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \105\ See Securities Exchange Act Release Nos. 47467 (March 7, 
2003), 68 FR 12134 (March 13, 2003) (approving pegging orders in 
Pacific Exchange, Inc.) and 48798 (November 17, 2003), 68 FR 66147 
(November 25, 2003) (approving pegging orders in Nasdaq Stock 
Market, Inc.); and 44983 (October 25, 2001), 66 FR 55225 (November 
1, 2001) (approving discretionary orders in Pacific Exchange, Inc.) 
and 49085 (January 15, 2004), 69 FR 3412 (January 23, 2004) 
(approving discretionary orders in Nasdaq Stock Market, Inc.). See 
also Securities Exchange Act Release No. 54511 (September 26, 2006), 
71 FR 58460 (October 3, 2006) (approving passive liquidity order in 
NYSE Arca, Inc.).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

2. Informational Advantages for Floor Brokers
    In the proposal, the Exchange states that it is intending to 
replicate, in the Hybrid Market, the manner in which floor brokers 
utilize their judgment in quoting and trading on behalf of their 
customers' orders in the auction market. One commenter questions 
whether the proposal actually replicates the auction market.\106\ The 
commenter believes that the proposal would introduce a new manner of 
trading that is unfair to public limit orders and provides 
informational advantages to floor brokers. The commenter believes that 
the proposal would replicate the time and place advantage enjoyed by 
floor brokers in the auction market, without maintaining the 
counterbalance of the auction market's transparency of bids and offers, 
and the requirement that orders cannot trade before they are exposed to 
the market. Further, the commenter argued that floor brokers could 
enter their d-Quotes with full knowledge of the public limit orders, 
while public investors would not be provided reciprocal knowledge of 
the d-Quotes. Thus, the commenter believes that public investors are 
inappropriately denied the ability to change their limit prices in 
response to the trading instructions attached to d-Quotes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \106\ See Rutherfurd Letters I and III.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the Response to Comments, the Exchange noted that, without d-
Quotes, investors that use floor brokers to represent their orders 
would not be able to access the Hybrid Market in a similar manner to 
which they access the auction market today. The Exchange believes that 
it designed the proposal to closely replicate the auction market in an 
electronic environment.
    Further, the Exchange responds that in today's auction market, 
orders that are held and represented by floor brokers are not 
transparent. The Exchange represented that it designed the proposal to 
permit floor brokers to make the same types of trading decisions for 
the orders they hold in the Crowd today. The Exchange believes the

[[Page 60215]]

proposal would not substantially alter the amount of information 
currently available on the Exchange. Specialists and floor brokers 
would not have access to information about d-Quotes entered by other 
floor brokers. The Exchange also stated that public investors entering 
limit orders would have the same amount of information as is currently 
available, which does not include knowledge of floor broker trading 
interest. Likewise, floor brokers would not have any more market 
information on the Exchange than they do today.
    Accordingly, the Commission does not believe that the proposal 
would provide floor brokers with an inappropriate informational 
advantage or reduce the amount of information that is currently 
publicly available.
3. Section 11A of the Act
    One commenter argued that the proposal was inconsistent with 
Section 6(b) of the Act and Section 11A(a)(1)(C)(i) of the Act \107\ 
because the commenter believes that the proposal is unfairly 
discriminatory and anti-competitive.\108\ Specifically, the commenter 
argues that because the proposal would provide floor brokers with an 
exclusive right to enter d-Quotes, the proposal unfairly discriminates 
against customers who do not use floor brokers, and places a burden on 
competition that is not necessary in furtherance of the purposes of the 
Act. Further, the commenter argues that the proposal inhibits the 
economically efficient execution of orders, which Section 
11A(a)(1)(C)(i) of the Act \109\ states is a goal of the national 
market system. The commenter notes that, under the proposal, investors 
who seek to utilize discretionary instructions would be forced to pay a 
floor broker, who the commenter argues, then merely performs the 
clerical function of entering the order into the Exchange system for 
execution. The commenter believes that institutional investors should 
be free to exercise their own judgment without the requirement to 
employ any third parties. The commenter also noted that all market 
participants should have a fair opportunity to trade and trading should 
not be conducted with unnecessary human intervention.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \107\ 15 U.S.C. 78k-1(a)(1)(C)(i).
    \108\ See Rutherfurd Letters I and III.
    \109\ 15 U.S.C. 78k-1(a)(1)(C)(i).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Commission notes that today if investors wish to have their 
orders represented in the NYSE auction market, they must either send 
their order to the Book for representation by a specialist or send 
their order to a floor broker for representation.\110\ In the Hybrid 
Market, NYSE has decided to retain a role for its floor members in its 
market. The commenter stated that he believed that ``pure electronic 
trading is not only defensible but highly desirable'' and thus, appears 
to fundamentally disagree with the market structure that NYSE has 
developed. However, Congress clearly contemplated that the markets 
should be able to compete through the adoption of different market 
models.\111\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \110\ Small marketable limit orders can be automatically 
executed in Direct+.
    \111\ As Congress noted when it adopted the 1975 Act Amendments 
that it was ``not the intention of the bill to force all markets for 
all securities into a single mold.'' See S. Rep. No. 94-75, 94th 
Cong., 1st Sess. 7 (1975). Congress instructed the Commission to 
seek to ``enhance competition and to allow economic forces, 
interacting with a fair regulatory field, to arrive at appropriate 
variation in practices and services. It would obviously be contrary 
to this purpose to compel elimination of differences between types 
of markets or types of firms that might be competition-enhancing. 
Id.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    NYSE has sought to replicate its current market in a more 
electronic manner, yet while retaining some distinctive features of its 
floor. As the Commission indicated in the Hybrid Market Order, the 
Exchange has a degree of flexibility to develop its market model so 
long as it does so within the framework of the Act.
    The Commission believes that the proposal is broadly consistent 
with Section 11A of the Act in that it incorporates features that may 
provide investors with the opportunity to receive economically 
efficient execution of their securities transactions and promote fair 
and orderly markets.\112\ The Commission believes that while d-Quotes 
would not be displayed, they could provide benefits to the market such 
as increased liquidity and improved prices. The Commission notes that 
undisplayed d-Quotes would never execute ahead of a displayed order 
that is at the same or better price.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \112\ 15 U.S.C. 78k-1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    A significant feature of the d-Quote is to potentially offer public 
investors a means, through the use of floor brokers, to compete with 
specialists in providing price improvement to incoming marketable 
orders. The Commission believes that d-Quote could provide meaningful 
competition to the specialist in providing price improvement, and thus 
promote competition on the Exchange floor.
    Accordingly, the Commission does not believe that the proposal is 
inconsistent with Section 11A of the Act.\113\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \113\ 15 U.S.C. 78k-1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Sweeps
    In the Hybrid Market, once an auto ex order trades with interest at 
the Exchange BBO, the remainder, if any, would automatically sweep the 
Display Book system by trading with liquidity outside the BBO. Under 
the proposal, d-Quotes could also participate in sweeps initiated by 
other orders, but their discretionary instructions would not be 
active.\114\ One commenter believes that a sweep initiated by other 
orders should not deactivate the discretionary instructions.\115\ The 
Exchange responds that when a d-Quote is participating in a sweep, the 
discretionary functions would not provide additional value to the 
customer.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \114\ See proposed NYSE Rule 70.25(d)(ix).
    \115\ See IBAC Letter.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Commission believes that the Exchange has some latitude to 
determine the types of functions that it believes would be most 
attractive to its market participants. Accordingly, the Commission 
believes that the treatment of d-Quote in sweeps is reasonable and 
broadly consistent with the requirements of the Act.
5. Implementation
    The Exchange proposes to implement the d-Quote proposal in two 
parts, in Phase 3 and Phase 4 of the Hybrid Market implementation. One 
commenter argued that d-Quote should be implemented at the same time as 
the Specialist Algorithms, because the commenter believes that the 
proposal is necessary to maintain market balance.\116\ The commenter 
believes that implementing the Specialist Algorithms first would risk a 
mass exodus of volume from the Exchange. In the Response to Comments, 
the Exchange stated that, due to the complexities of the system changes 
required by the implementation of the Hybrid Market, the Exchange is 
not able to launch the proposal at the same time as the Specialist 
Algorithms.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \116\ See IBAC Letter.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Commission believes that the Exchange's proposed implementation 
schedule is reasonable and consistent with the requirements of the Act. 
The Commission notes that Phase 3 is when the Exchange anticipates 
switching to a substantially more automated market, and believes that 
the proposed staggered implementation schedule is reasonably designed 
to allow the Exchange to adequately test the changes to its systems.

VI. Conclusion

    For the foregoing reasons, the Commission finds that the proposed

[[Page 60216]]

rule change, as amended, is consistent with the Act and the rules and 
regulations thereunder applicable to a national securities exchange, 
and, in particular, with Section 6(b)(5) of the Act\117\ and Section 
11A of the Act.\118\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \117\ 15 U.S.C. 78f(b)(5).
    \118\ 15 U.S.C. 78k-1.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    It is therefore ordered, pursuant to Section 19(b)(2) of the 
Act,\119\ that the proposed rule change (SR-NYSE-2006-36) and Amendment 
Nos. 1 and 2 are approved.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \119\ 15 U.S.C. 78s(b)(2).
    \120\ 17 CFR 200.30-3(a)(12).

    For the Commission, by the Division of Market Regulation, 
pursuant to delegated authority.\120\
Nancy M. Morris,
Secretary.
[FR Doc. E6-16888 Filed 10-11-06; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 8011-01-P
