
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 158 (Tuesday, August 16, 2016)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 54512-54514]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-19494]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

49 CFR Parts 192 and 195

[Docket No. PHMSA-2016-0075]


Pipeline Safety: Clarification of Terms Relating to Pipeline 
Operational Status

AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA); 
DOT.

ACTION: Issuance of Advisory Bulletin.

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SUMMARY: PHMSA is issuing this advisory bulletin to all owners and 
operators (operators) of hazardous liquid, carbon dioxide, and gas 
pipelines, as defined in 49 Code of Federal Regulations Parts 192 and 
195, to clarify the regulatory requirements that may vary depending on 
the operational status of a pipeline. Further, this advisory bulletin 
identifies regulatory requirements operators must follow for the 
abandonment of pipelines. Pipeline owners and operators should verify 
their operations and procedures align with the regulatory intent of 
defined terms as described under this bulletin. Congress recognized the 
need for this clarification in its Protecting our Infrastructure of 
Pipelines and Enhancing Safety Act of 2016.

DATES: August 16, 2016.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Ms. Linda Daugherty at 816-329-3800 or 
by email to Linda.Daugherty@dot.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Background

    On March 17, 2014, a hazardous liquid pipeline company was notified 
by emergency responders of crude oil leaking up from below the pavement 
in a residential area in Wilmington, California. The leak was close to 
a refinery. The company initially informed the regulator that it had no 
active lines in the area but responded anyway.
    On March 18, 2014, the company excavated the area surrounding the 
leaking oil and learned that the leak originated from a pipeline that 
it owned. The pipeline had been purchased 16 years ago and the company 
understood that the previous operator had properly abandoned and purged 
the pipeline prior to purchase. Regulators determined the pipeline 
leaked due to an internal ``pinhole'' corrosion leak on a weld.
    Subsequent investigations determined that while the pipeline was 
not in operation, its valves were positioned to prevent flow but the 
pipeline had never been purged and cleaned. Some regulators and 
industry representatives informally referred to such pipelines as 
``idled.''
    On May 31, 2015, a 24-inch natural gas ``auxiliary'' pipeline 
crossing the Arkansas River in North Little Rock, Arkansas, failed due 
to vortex-induced vibration after high water levels eroded the ground 
cover and exposed the pipeline to the river's flow. The failure 
released 3,858 cubic feet of natural gas into the atmosphere and 
resulted in the temporary closure of the Arkansas River to vessel 
traffic for five days. The pipeline at the time of the failure was 
isolated by two mainline valves, at an approximate pressure of 700 
pounds per square inch (psig). The pipeline, considered an emergency 
back-up pipeline crossing the river, has not been fully operated since 
1972. However, the company did maintain the pipeline as an active 
pipeline, subject to in-line inspection, cathodic protection, and other 
maintenance requirements.
    On October 28, 2015, Cypress, California, city public works 
employees identified an oil-water mixture on a local road. 
Approximately 28 barrels of oil-water mixture was determined to have 
leaked from an oil pipeline that was believed to have been purged of 
oil prior to deactivation in 1997. The owner of the pipeline had 
purchased it from another company just prior to the failure.
    Congress recognized the need for PHMSA to provide clarification of 
operational terms and ensure all operators are aware of and abide by 
the regulatory requirements for properly abandoning pipelines. In its 
``Protecting our Infrastructure of Pipelines and Enhancing Safety Act 
of 2016,'' Congress required PHMSA to issue an advisory bulletin to 
owners and operators of gas or hazardous liquid pipeline facilities and 
Federal and State pipeline safety personnel regarding procedures 
required to change the status of a pipeline facility from active to 
abandoned, including specific guidance on the terms recognized by the 
Secretary for each pipeline status referred to in such advisory 
bulletin.
    PHMSA regulations do not recognize an ``idle'' status for hazardous 
liquid or gas pipelines. The regulations consider pipelines to be 
either active and fully subject to all relevant parts of the safety 
regulations or abandoned. The process and requirements for pipeline 
abandonment are captured in Sec. Sec.  192.727 and 195.402(c)(10) for 
gas and hazardous liquid pipelines, respectively. These requirements

[[Page 54513]]

include purging all combustibles and sealing any facilities left in 
place. The last owner or operator of abandoned offshore facilities and 
abandoned onshore facilities that cross over, under, or through 
commercially navigable waterways must file a report with PHMSA. PHMSA 
regulations define the term ``abandoned'' to mean permanently removed 
from service (Sec.  192.3).
    A 1998 report by the Research and Special Programs Administration 
(RSPA), a predecessor agency to PHMSA, titled: ``Analysis of Pipeline 
Burial Surveys in the Gulf of Mexico,'' stated: ``Abandonment involves 
the permanent and, for all practical purposes, irreversible process of 
discontinuing the use of a pipeline. The physical asset is abandoned in 
the truest sense of the word; no future use or value is attributed to 
it, and no attempts are made to maintain serviceability. Pipeline 
systems or segments that are not abandoned, but only idled, 
decommissioned, or mothballed, are considered to have the potential for 
reuse at some point in the future. The maintenance and inspection to be 
performed in these cases is a function of the probability of reuse, the 
cost and difficulty of remediation which may be required, and the 
potential impact of the in-place and idled facility on human safety and 
the environment.''
    PHMSA is aware that some pipelines may have been abandoned prior to 
the effective date of the abandonment regulations. Companies may not 
have access to records relating to where these pipelines are located or 
whether they were properly purged of combustibles and sealed. Owners 
and operators have a responsibility to assure facilities for which they 
are responsible or last owned do not present a hazard to people, 
property or the environment.
    In the case study from Wilmington, California, provided above, the 
pipeline company was aware of the pipeline and believed it to have been 
properly abandoned by the previous owner/operator. The pipeline company 
was cited and fined by a State regulator because it did not properly 
maintain the active line or, alternatively, properly abandon the 
pipeline facility.
    Pipelines not currently in operation but that may be used in the 
future are sometimes informally referred to as ``idled,'' ``inactive,'' 
or ``decommissioned.'' These pipelines may be shut down and still 
contain hazardous liquids or gas. Usually, the mainline valves on these 
pipelines are closed, isolating them from other pipeline segments. 
Frequently, blind flanges or welded end caps are used for further 
isolation. Some pipelines do not operate for short periods of time such 
as weeks or months. Other pipelines do not operate for years. If a 
pipeline is not properly abandoned and may be used for the future for 
transportation of hazardous liquid or gas, PHMSA regulations consider 
it an active pipeline. Owners and operators of pipelines that are not 
operating but contain hazardous liquids and gas must comply with all 
relevant safety requirements, including periodic maintenance, integrity 
management assessments, damage prevention programs, and public 
awareness programs.
    PHMSA is aware that some owners and operators may properly purge a 
pipeline of combustibles without abandonment because of an expectation 
to later continue using the pipeline in hazardous materials 
transportation. A purged pipeline presents different risks, and 
different regulatory treatment may be appropriate. Degradation of such 
a pipeline can occur, but it is not likely to result in significant 
safety impacts to people, property, or the environment. PHMSA will 
accept deferral of certain activities for purged but active pipelines. 
These deferred activities might include actions impractical on most 
purged pipelines such as in-line inspection. PHMSA is considering 
proposing procedures in a future rulemaking that would address methods 
owners or operators could use to notify regulators of purged but active 
pipelines. In the interim, owners or operators planning to defer 
certain activities for purged pipelines should coordinate the deferral 
in advance with regulators. All deferred activities must be completed 
prior to, or as part, of any later return-to-service. Pipeline owners 
and operators are fully responsible for the safety of their pipeline 
facilities at all times and during all operational statuses.

II. Advisory Bulletin (ADB-2016-05)

    To: Owners and Operators of Hazardous Liquid, Carbon Dioxide and 
Gas Pipelines.
    Subject: Clarification of Terms Relating to Pipeline Operational 
Status.
    Advisory: PHMSA regulations do not recognize an ``idle'' status for 
a hazardous liquid or gas pipelines. The regulations consider pipelines 
to be either active and fully subject to all parts of the safety 
regulations or abandoned. The process and requirements for pipeline 
abandonment are captured in Sec. Sec.  192.727 and 195.402(c)(10) for 
gas and hazardous liquid pipelines, respectively. Pipelines abandoned 
after the effective date of the regulations must comply with 
requirements to purge all combustibles and seal any facilities left in 
place. The last owner or operator of abandoned offshore facilities and 
abandoned onshore facilities that cross over, under, or through 
commercially navigable waterways must file a report with PHMSA. PHMSA 
regulations define the term ``abandoned'' to mean permanently removed 
from service.
    Companies that own pipelines abandoned prior to the effective date 
of the abandonment regulations may not have access to records relating 
to where these pipelines are located or whether they were properly 
purged of combustibles and sealed. To the extent feasible, owners and 
operators have a responsibility to assure facilities for which they are 
responsible or last owned do not present a hazard to people, property 
or the environment.
    Pipelines not currently in operation are sometimes informally 
referred to as ``idled,'' ``inactive,'' or ``decommissioned.'' These 
pipelines may be shut down and still contain hazardous liquids or gas. 
Usually, the mainline valves on these pipelines are closed, isolating 
them from other pipeline segments. If a pipeline is not properly 
abandoned and may be used in the future for transportation of hazardous 
liquid or gas, PHMSA regulations consider it as an active pipeline. 
Owners and operators of pipelines that are not operating but contain 
hazardous liquids and gas must comply with all applicable safety 
requirements, including periodic maintenance, integrity management 
assessments, damage prevention programs, response planning, and public 
awareness programs.
    PHMSA is aware that some owners and operators may properly purge a 
pipeline of combustibles with the expectation to later use that 
pipeline in hazardous materials transportation. A purged pipeline 
presents different risks, and therefore different regulatory treatment 
may be appropriate. Degradation of such a pipeline can occur, but is 
not likely to result in significant safety impacts to people, property, 
or the environment. PHMSA will accept deferral of certain activities 
for purged but active pipelines. These deferred activities might 
include actions impractical on most purged pipelines, such as in-line 
inspection. PHMSA is considering proposing procedures in a future 
rulemaking that would address methods owners or operators could use to 
notify regulators of purged but active pipelines. In the interim, 
owners or operators planning to defer certain activities for purged 
pipelines should coordinate the deferral in advance with

[[Page 54514]]

regulators. All deferred activities must be completed prior to, or as 
part of, any later return-to-service. Pipeline owners and operators are 
fully responsible for the safety of their pipeline facilities at all 
times and during all operational statuses.

    Issued in Washington, DC, on August 11, 2016, under authority 
delegated in 49 CFR 1.97.
Alan K. Mayberry,
Acting Associate Administrator for Pipeline Safety.
[FR Doc. 2016-19494 Filed 8-15-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4910-60-P


