
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 243 (Monday, December 19, 2016)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 91860-91873]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-30045]


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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration

49 CFR Parts 191 and 192

[Docket No. PHMSA-2016-0016; Amdt. Nos. 191-24; 192-122]
RIN 2137-AF22


Pipeline Safety: Safety of Underground Natural Gas Storage 
Facilities

AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), 
Department of Transportation (DOT).

ACTION: Interim final rule.

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SUMMARY: This interim final rule (IFR) revises the Federal pipeline 
safety regulations to address critical safety issues related to 
downhole facilities, including wells, wellbore tubing, and casing, at 
underground natural gas storage facilities. This IFR responds to 
Section 12 of the Protecting our Infrastructure of Pipelines and 
Enhancing Safety Act of 2016, which was enacted following the serious

[[Page 91861]]

natural gas leak at the Aliso Canyon facility in California on October 
23, 2015. This IFR incorporates by reference two American Petroleum 
Institute (API) Recommended Practices (RP): API RP 1170, ``Design and 
Operation of Solution-mined Salt Caverns used for Natural Gas 
Storage,'' issued in July 2015; and API RP 1171, ``Functional Integrity 
of Natural Gas Storage in Depleted Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Aquifer 
Reservoirs,'' issued in September 2015.

DATES: Effective Date: This IFR is effective January 18, 2017. The 
incorporation by reference of certain publications listed in the rule 
is approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of January 18, 
2017.
    Comments Date: Comments must be received by February 17, 2017.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments identified by the docket number 
PHMSA-2016-0016 by any of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. 
Follow the online instructions for submitting comments.
     Fax: 1-202-493-2251.
     Mail: Send comments to Docket Operations, M-30; U.S. 
Department of Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Room W12-140, 
West Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC 20590-0001.
     Hand Delivery or Courier: Bring comments to Docket 
Operations in Room W12-140 of the West Building Ground Floor at 1200 
New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., 
Monday through Friday, except Federal holidays.
    Instructions: If you submit your comments by mail, submit two 
copies. To receive confirmation that PHMSA received your comments, 
include a self-addressed stamped postcard.
    Note: Comments are posted without changes or edits to http://www.regulations.gov, including any personal information provided. There 
is a privacy statement published on http://www.regulations.gov.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Kenneth Lee, by telephone at 202-366-
2694, by fax at 202-366-4566, or by mail at U.S. DOT, PHMSA, 1200 New 
Jersey Avenue SE., PHP-80, Washington, DC 20590-0001.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

I. Background

A. Underground Natural Gas Storage Facilities

    According to the Energy Information Administration,\1\ there are 
approximately 400 interstate and intrastate underground natural gas 
storage facilities currently in operation in the United States, with 
more than four trillion cubic feet of natural gas working capacity. 
Three hundred twenty-six (326) of those facilities store natural gas in 
depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, while the remainder store natural gas 
in salt caverns (31) and depleted aquifers (43). The recent failure of 
Well SS25 at the Aliso Canyon facility, an intrastate regulated 
facility located in Southern California, and its aftermath have 
revealed the need for minimum federal standards for the wells and 
downhole facilities located at both intrastate and interstate 
underground storage facilities. The promulgation of minimum federal 
standards would, for the first time, establish safety standards under 
the Pipeline Safety Regulations at title 49, CFR parts 191 and 192, for 
the currently unregulated downhole facilities at 197 interstate 
underground gas storage facilities and provide consistent, minimum 
standards for the remaining 203 intrastate facilities.
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    \1\ The Energy Information Administration is part of the U.S. 
Department of Energy. See http://www.eia.gov/pub/oil_gas/natural_gas/analysis_publications/ngpipeline/undrgrnd_storage.html.
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    While there are DOT safety regulations in part 192 that apply to 
the surface piping at these facilities, there are no regulations in 
part 192 covering downhole facilities--such as wells, wellbore tubing, 
and casing--or the operations, maintenance, integrity management, 
public awareness, and emergency response activities associated with 
these downhole facilities. Therefore, even if all states had effective 
regulations for their intrastate facilities, 197 interstate facilities 
(that cumulatively have several thousand individual wells) would not be 
subject to any safety regulatory requirements with respect to their 
downhole facilities in the absence of federal action. In the event of a 
well failure, the interstate underground storage facilities could have 
consequences of a similar or even greater magnitude as the Aliso Canyon 
intrastate facility. The pipe at these facilities is threaded, rather 
than welded like a pipeline, making the pipe more susceptible to 
breaks. A broken pipe at any facility would allow gas to escape at a 
much higher rate and would be more likely to catch fire, leading to a 
greater risk to life and property. However, these underground storage 
facilities are currently not required to meet any part 192 design, 
operations, or maintenance standards to ensure the integrity and safety 
of these wells and downhole facilities.
    Most of the states that regulate underground gas storage have 
agencies separate and apart from the PHMSA-certified agency that 
regulates intrastate pipeline safety. Under the interim final rule, all 
intrastate transportation-related underground gas storage facilities 
will become subject to minimum federal safety standards and be 
inspected either by PHMSA or by a state entity that has chosen to 
expand its authority to regulate these facilities under a certification 
filed with PHMSA pursuant to 49 U.S.C. 60105.
    Because state regulation of intrastate facilities is done through 
an annual certification under 49 U.S.C. 60105 and involves state 
adoption of the minimum federal standards, federal regulations are 
needed as the basis for effective state regulation as well. While many 
states have underground storage regulations with material integrity 
testing components to ascertain a well's condition, most states do not 
have specific and consistent regulations that include operating 
procedures and remediation for operations, maintenance, integrity 
demonstration and verification, monitoring, threat and hazard 
identification, assessment, remediation, site security, emergency 
response and preparedness, and recordkeeping requirements. The minimum 
federal standards will set baseline fitness for service requirements 
for all interstate and intrastate facilities and will allow state 
regulators to go above and beyond the minimum federal standards to 
require additional or more stringent safety safeguards at intrastate 
facilities. In other words, the regulation of intrastate underground 
gas storage facilities operates in the same manner as the existing 
federal-state regulatory scheme for gas and hazardous liquid pipelines.
    After issuance of the IFR, PHMSA will further evaluate the need for 
any additional regulatory requirements for underground storage 
facilities. PHMSA encourages persons to participate in this rulemaking 
by submitting comments containing relevant information, data, or views. 
We will consider all comments received on or before the closing date 
for comments in finalizing this rule. We will consider late filed 
comments to the extent practicable.

[[Page 91862]]

B. Aliso Canyon and Other Incidents

    On October 23, 2015, Southern California Gas Company's (SoCal Gas) 
Aliso Canyon Well SS25 developed a natural gas leak near an area known 
as Porter Ranch in Los Angeles, CA. The well leak is believed to have 
originated from the subsurface (downhole) well casing. The well was 
drilled in 1953 and converted to natural gas storage in 1972. On 
January 6, California Governor Jerry Brown issued a proclamation 
declaring the Aliso Canyon incident a state emergency. Before the leak 
was finally stopped (cement plugged), approximately 5.7 billion cubic 
feet (BCF) of natural gas had been released into the atmosphere, a 
volume equivalent to the yearly greenhouse gas emissions of 
approximately a half-million cars. PHMSA estimates the social costs of 
the climate-related impacts from these emissions at approximately $123 
million (with a range of $55 million to $344 million, depending on the 
discount rate). Additional operator-reported costs were approximately 
$763 million as of November 2, 2016. Over 5,790 households (families) 
were relocated due to the co-release of natural gas odorant 
(mercaptans), according to the Aliso Canyon Incident Command briefing 
report issued on February 16, 2016.
    The Aliso Canyon facility has 115 storage wells, and is the second-
largest storage facility of its kind in the United States. It is an 
intrastate facility that is subject to the authority of the California 
Public Utility Commission (CPUC), which is certified by PHMSA to 
regulate the intrastate gas pipeline facilities in California in 
accordance with 49 U.S.C. 60105.
    While the root cause of the failure of Well SS25 is the subject of 
ongoing investigations and assessments, the serious nature of the harm 
suffered by the public is widely recognized. The initial investigations 
by the CPUC and its partner agencies indicate that the risk of 
potential harm to the public could be addressed, at least in part, 
through the incorporation by reference of API RPs 1170 and 1171 into 
the pipeline safety regulations and requiring that underground gas 
storage facilities adopt minimum procedures for operations, 
maintenance, integrity demonstration and verification, monitoring, 
threat and hazard identification, assessment, and anomalies that affect 
safety.
    The Aliso Canyon incident is not the only high-profile underground 
gas storage incident to occur in recent years. On January 17 and 18, 
2001, a wellbore failure at an underground storage facility near 
Hutchinson, Kansas, caused a natural gas leak from a gas storage field. 
The gas traveled approximately nine miles underground and exploded 
under some buildings, killing two people in a mobile home park and 
destroying two businesses in downtown Hutchinson. Approximately 143 
million cubic feet of natural gas escaped from the storage field.\2\
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    \2\ Allison, M. Lee, 2001, The Hutchinson Gas Explosions: 
Unraveling a Geologic Mystery, Kansas Bar Association, 26th Annual 
KBA/KIOGA Oil and Gas Law Conference, V1, pg 3-1 to 3-29. http://www.kgs.ku.edu/Hydro/Hutch/Refs/Hutch_KBA_final.pdf.
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    Similarly, in 2004, a well at an underground storage facility in 
Liberty County, TX, malfunctioned, resulting in a fire that burned for 
six and one half days and released approximately 6 BCF of natural 
gas.\3\ These incidents have also resulted in heightened awareness from 
governmental officials and the general public about the safety of these 
facilities, including the potential for explosions and uncontrolled 
burns, and the potentially immense environmental damage associated with 
the uncontrolled release of natural gas into the atmosphere from the 
failure of even a single one of the thousands of wells at the 
underground gas storage facilities across the country.
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    \3\ October 7, 2004 news release by Duke Energy Partners, owner 
of the facility in 2004. https://www.duke-energy.com/news/releases/2004/Oct/2004100702.asp.
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    In addition to threatening public safety and causing disruptive 
evacuations of large areas, when a natural gas storage well such as 
Well SS25 fails, the very process of attempting a ``well kill,'' which 
is intended to stop the flow of natural gas from the well by pumping a 
weighted fluid down the wellbore, puts company workers and first 
responders directly in life-threatening situations.\4\ Fortunately, an 
errant spark did not ignite the gas at Aliso Canyon, but well failures 
often involve such ignition, which can result in flame jets that can be 
seen from many miles away and take weeks to extinguish.
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    \4\ PHMSA maintains ``Underground Natural Gas Storage'' 
informational Web pages, which explain underground storage 
operations. These pages are available to the public at http://primis.phmsa.dot.gov/ung/index.htm.
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    Based on its field experience and knowledge of the industry, PHMSA 
is aware that many of the existing underground natural gas storage 
facilities across the country have wells with characteristics similar 
to Well SS25. Many wells, like Well SS25, are over 50 years old and 
were originally designed for petroleum production, where the flow of 
crude oil from underground depths actually reduced the pressure on the 
casing pipe as it flowed toward the ground surface. Natural gas 
storage, in contrast, often has a much lower pressure drop when flowing 
to the ground surface. These converted facilities also were originally 
constructed using certain techniques that are different from typical 
pipeline industry construction, such as having pipe sections joined by 
threaded coupling, not welds.\5\ They also generally do not have a 
corrosion-resistant internal or external protective coating, which is 
required for all new pipelines.
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    \5\ Threaded casing pipe connections have less strength than a 
welded connection and are more prone to corrode during the life of 
the casing pipe.
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    The combined effects of a lack of corrosion-resistant coating, no 
effective cathodic protection, and a corrosive flow product that 
includes a mixture of water and other corrosive components presents a 
serious risk of leakage at some point in the life span of these wells. 
These risks can be significantly mitigated by an effective operations 
and maintenance program that includes reassessments and preventive and 
mitigation measures based upon unique conditions and threats to the 
well casing, tubing, and wellhead.
    Most underground natural gas storage wells operate at pressures 
ranging from 200 pounds per square inch (psi) to about 4500 psi. By 
comparison, the maximum U.S. interstate transmission pipeline pressures 
are about 2000 psi, with most below 1000 psi. Underground storage wells 
also lack consistent standards for design safety factors to contain the 
well pressure, which provides a margin of yield strength. If a given 
grade of steel would deform or yield at 1.00 of its specified minimum 
yield strength, a safety margin of 25% would equate to a 0.80 design 
factor. For example, a pipeline generally has a design factor of 0.72 
or less (safety margin of 39%), whereas a well casing may not have any 
safety factor. This means that corrosion of well casing pipe used with 
no safety factor would need the maximum operating pressure of the 
casing pipe to be reduced in order to ``maintain safety'' whenever a 
loss of wall thickness was found in the casing pipe.
    Preventing well-failure incidents is not only a matter of public 
safety and protecting the environment from methane leaks and 
catastrophic failures, such as those that have occurred at Aliso 
Canyon, CA; Liberty County, TX; and Hutchinson, KS, but is also a key 
part of ensuring the reliable transportation of the nation's energy

[[Page 91863]]

supplies. If storage facility operators need to rapidly draw down their 
supplies of gas to reduce the leak rate at a failed well or experience 
complete interruptions of operations, the public may suffer serious 
natural gas supply outages. When large underground natural gas storage 
facilities such as Aliso Canyon fail, the interruption in supply can 
have a major impact on the availability of heating fuel in colder 
climates and electricity in hot summer months. Businesses, hospitals, 
and governmental facilities also rely on the supply and distribution of 
gas as well as the energy produced by gas turbine electric power plants 
to keep the economy moving.

C. PHMSA Actions

    Recently, PHMSA, along with the Federal Energy Regulatory 
Commission (FERC), five state regulatory agencies, and numerous 
industry representatives, participated in the development of two 
American Petroleum Institute (API) Recommended Practices (RP): API RP 
1170, ``Design and Operation of Solution-mined Salt Caverns used for 
Natural Gas Storage'' (July 2015), and API RP 1171, ``Functional 
Integrity of Natural Gas Storage in Depleted Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and 
Aquifer Reservoirs'' (September 2015).\6\ Both API RPs 1170 and 1171 
recommend that operators of underground natural gas storage facilities 
implement a wide range of current recommended practices, including 
construction, maintenance, risk-management, and integrity-management 
procedures.
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    \6\ Available at: http://publications.api.org/IBR-Documents-Under-Consideration.aspx.
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    On February 5, 2016, PHMSA issued Advisory Bulletin ADB-2016-02 (81 
FR 6334).\7\ The advisory bulletin recommended that operators of 
underground natural gas storage facilities review their operating, 
maintenance, and emergency response activities to ensure that the 
integrity of underground natural gas storage facilities is properly 
maintained. This bulletin informed operators about certain recommended 
practices and urged operators to take all necessary actions to prevent 
and mitigate breaches of integrity, leaks, or failures at their 
underground natural gas storage facilities, to ensure the safety of the 
public and operating personnel, and to protect the environment. 
Operators were advised to:
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    \7\ http://phmsa.dot.gov/staticfiles/PHMSA/DownloadableFiles/Advisory%20Notices/2016-02228.pdf.
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    (1) Verify that the pressure required to inject intended natural 
gas volumes does not exceed the design pressure limits of the 
reservoir, wells, wellheads, piping, casing, tubing, or associated 
facilities;
    (2) monitor all wells for the presence of annular gas or liquids on 
a periodic basis;
    (3) inspect the wellhead assembly and attached pipelines for each 
of the wells used;
    (4) conduct periodic functional tests of all surface and subsurface 
safety valve systems and wellhead pipeline isolation valve(s) for 
proper function and ability to shut-off or isolate the well and 
remediate improperly functioning valves;
    (5) perform risk assessments in a manner that reviews, at a 
minimum, the API RP 1171 criteria to evaluate the need for subsurface 
safety valves on new, removed, or replaced tubing strings or production 
casing;
    (6) conduct ongoing assessments for the verification and 
demonstration of the mechanical integrity of each well and related 
piping and equipment;
    (7) develop and implement a corrosion monitoring and integrity 
evaluation program for piping, wellhead, casing, and tubing including 
the usage of appropriate well log evaluations;
    (8) develop and implement procedures for the evaluation of well and 
attendant storage facilities that include analysis of facility flow 
erosion, hydrate potential, individual facility component capacity and 
fluid disposal capability at intended gas flow rates and pressures, and 
analysis of the specific impacts that the intended operating pressure 
range could have on the corrosive potential of fluids in the system;
    (9) identify potential threats and hazards associated with 
operation of the underground storage facility;
    (10) perform ongoing verification and demonstration of the 
integrity of the underground storage reservoir or cavern using 
appropriate monitoring techniques for integrity changes, such as the 
monitoring of pressure and periodic pressure surveys, inventory 
(injection and withdrawal of all products), product levels, cavern 
subsidence, and the findings from adjacent production and water wells, 
and observation wells;
    (11) ensure that emergency procedures are reviewed, conducted, and 
updated at least annually; and
    (12) ensure that records of the processes, procedures, assessments, 
reassessments, and mitigation measures are maintained for the life of 
the storage well.
    On July 14, 2016, PHMSA held a public meeting on the topic of 
potentially extending federal pipeline safety regulations to include 
transportation-related underground gas storage facilities. The 
discussion covered both interstate and intrastate storage facilities, 
including wells and wellbore tubing. PHMSA heard from a diverse group 
of stakeholders, including state and federal regulators, emergency 
responders, and residents of the Aliso Canyon area who were directly 
impacted by the 2015 incident. PHMSA also heard from facility operators 
and technology experts. Based on its knowledge of storage well 
facilities across the country, available information concerning the 
Aliso Canyon accident, and other aspects of the record developed at 
this public meeting, PHMSA has concluded that the two recently adopted 
industry recommended practices, developed through the API consensus 
process, should be incorporated into part 192 of the federal pipeline 
safety regulations as an urgent first step in preventing similar 
incidents in the future. If an operator fails to take any measures 
recommended by API RP 1170 or 1171, then it would need to justify in 
its written procedures why the measure is impracticable and 
unnecessary.
    Rapid incorporation of API RP 1170 and 1171 into PHMSA's 
regulations will require operators to assess the operational safety of 
their underground natural gas storage facilities and document the 
implementation of identified safety solutions. PHMSA and its state 
partners will monitor operators' implementation of the requirements in 
the interim, and once the requirements become effective PHMSA will 
begin inspecting facilities to enforce the requirements. Based upon 
facility inspections by PHMSA and its state partners and input from the 
public, PHMSA plans to continue to monitor and evaluate the safety of 
underground storage facilities and plans to incrementally build on the 
framework of the IFR as necessary in order to ensure that operators 
fully address the safety issues presented by underground natural gas 
storage.

II. Justification

A. PHMSA Authority and Regulatory History

    Under 49 U.S.C. 60101 and 60102, PHMSA sets minimum safety 
standards for the transportation of natural gas, which includes 
underground natural gas storage facilities incidental to 
transportation. While PHMSA's existing part 192 regulations cover much 
of the surface piping up to the wellhead at underground natural gas 
storage facilities served by pipeline, PHMSA

[[Page 91864]]

has not previously issued regulations for the ``downhole'' portion of 
these facilities. Accordingly, the only specific regulatory 
requirements for operators to inspect the safety of their underground 
natural gas storage facility wellheads, casings, and tubing strings are 
state standards that apply to intrastate facilities. Not all states 
have adopted safety standards for underground storage facilities, and 
while in some cases states that are certified by PHMSA to regulate 
their intrastate gas pipeline facilities can and have issued state 
standards for these wells and wellbores, the absence of a minimum 
federal standard has led to a regulatory gap for the wells and downhole 
pipe and tubing for the interstate facilities and a lack of adequate, 
consistent standards for all intrastate facilities.
    PHMSA considered regulating the wells and downhole pipe and tubing 
at underground storage facilities more than 20 years before the Aliso 
Canyon incident. In 1994, PHMSA's predecessor agency, the Research and 
Special Programs Administration (RSPA) held a public meeting (Docket 
PS-137; 59 FR 30567; June 14, 1994) on underground storage of gas and 
hazardous liquids, in order to gather information on the extent of 
then-current regulation and to determine what action RSPA should take 
on underground storage regulation. At the meeting, representatives of 
industry, state governments, and the public presented statements on 
safety issues, industry practices, the status of state underground 
storage regulations, and the need for additional federal regulations. 
While different views were expressed on whether RSPA should begin to 
regulate the wells and downhole pipe and tubing, RSPA's regulation of 
the surface piping at these facilities appeared sufficient and further 
federal regulatory action on the wells was not seen as an immediate 
need. At that time, however, no widely accepted industry standards 
existed for the underground storage of natural gas. In addition, much 
of the underground storage well piping and components, which do not 
have external coatings and cathodic protection, have aged another 22 
years since RSPA conducted the 1994 review. Finally, there have been 
three significant accidents in the last 15 years, including Aliso 
Canyon. Taken together, these are compelling factors warranting 
regulatory action by PHMSA, as discussed more fully in Section D below.
    On June 22, 2016, the ``Protecting our Infrastructure of Pipelines 
and Enhancing Safety Act of 2016'' (the Act), became law (Pub. L. 114-
183). Section 12 of the Act mandates that PHMSA issue regulations for 
underground gas storage facilities within two years from the date of 
enactment and that PHMSA ``shall, to the extent practicable--
    (1) Consider consensus standards for the operation, environmental 
protection, and integrity management of underground natural gas storage 
facilities;
    (2) Consider the economic impacts of the regulations on individual 
gas customers;
    (3) Ensure that the regulations do not have a significant economic 
impact on end users; and
    (4) Consider the recommendations of the Aliso Canyon natural gas 
leak task force established under section 31'' of the Act.
    The Act further provides that PHMSA may allow state authorities to 
continue exercising their traditional role in the oversight of 
intrastate gas pipeline facilities and gas transportation, including 
underground gas storage facilities, in the same manner through an 
annual certification process under 49 U.S.C. 60105 and the interstate 
agent provisions of 49 U.S.C. 60106. This mandate reflects the 
seriousness with which Congress has focused on underground storage 
facility safety following the Aliso Canyon accident. It also reflects 
Congress' desire for states to maintain their role as strong federal 
partners in protecting the safety of underground gas storage 
facilities. While the RPs do include material that is relevant to 
determining whether a given geologic formation or depleted reservoir is 
suitable for gas storage use, permitting is not a PHMSA function. PHMSA 
is not authorized to prescribe the location of an underground gas 
storage facility or to require the Secretary of Transportation's 
permission to construct such a facility. Therefore, Congress has 
preserved the traditional permitting role of the states in the case of 
intrastate facilities and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission in 
the case of interstate facilities.
    This latest accident has made PHMSA and other stakeholders, 
including the public, acutely aware of both the safety and 
environmental hazards of underground gas storage. Moreover, there is 
generally a greater awareness on the part of the public of greenhouse 
gas emissions. The external cost of not regulating such emissions must 
now be considered by agencies, including PHMSA, as part of executive 
branch policy governing agency regulatory actions.
    Section 31 of the PIPES Act also created the Aliso Canyon Natural 
Gas Leak Task Force (Task Force), co-chaired by the U.S. Departments of 
Energy (DOE) and DOT. The Task Force has provided a mechanism for 
interagency consultations that has included the U.S. Departments of 
Health and Human Services, Interior, Commerce, the Environmental 
Protection Agency, and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. The 
Task Force Report, entitled ``Ensuring Safe and Reliable Underground 
Natural Gas Storage,'' was issued by DOT and DOE on October 18, 2016 
(Report). PHMSA worked closely with DOE in preparing the Report, which 
has informed PHMSA's development of the IFR.
    Widely accepted industry standards now exist with the recent 
development of API RPs 1170 and 1171, both of which were finalized 
about one year ago. API RPs 1170 and 1171, developed over the course of 
more than 4 years, are suitable for mandatory incorporation-by-
reference into the operating procedures of these facilities, at least 
as a first step to address safety and environmental concerns with 
underground storage. This avenue would provide an immediate and 
reasonable means by which PHMSA would begin to regulate the downhole 
portions of underground storage of natural gas and respond to emerging 
risks in the area of underground gas storage, while at the same time 
implementing section 31 of the PIPES Act.

B. Industry and Public Support for Rulemaking

    The recent history of serious underground storage incidents, 
including the Aliso Canyon incident, has made PHMSA and the public 
acutely aware of both the safety and environmental hazards of 
underground natural gas storage. Representatives of both industry and 
the public have recently requested that PHMSA promulgate minimum 
federal regulations.
    On January 20, 2016, the Interstate Natural Gas Association of 
America (INGAA), a major industry trade association representing the 
vast majority of interstate natural gas pipeline transmission companies 
in the United States and a participant in the development of API RPs 
1170 and 1171, petitioned PHMSA to incorporate both API RPs by 
reference into 49 CFR part 192. In the petition, INGAA supported 
federal safety regulation and oversight of natural gas storage 
facilities over the current patchwork of state regulations.
    That petition, along with a February 11, 2016, letter from INGAA, 
urged PHMSA to adopt API RPs 1170 and 1171 as quickly as possible in 
order to

[[Page 91865]]

put into place a set of consensus standards for operators of 
underground storage facilities to follow in assessing their facilities 
and establishing procedures to ensure safety. INGAA, the American 
Petroleum Institute (API), and the American Gas Association (AGA) have 
all reached out to PHMSA in the aftermath of the Aliso Canyon incident 
and expressed support from their member companies for the rapid 
adoption of the API RPs. API recommended practices are frequently 
adopted by a majority of the industry, and PHMSA has previously adopted 
other industry consensus standards into the pipeline safety 
regulations.
    The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (Pub. 
L. 104-113) directs federal agencies to use voluntary consensus 
standards in lieu of government-written standards whenever possible. 
Voluntary consensus standards are standards developed or adopted by 
voluntary bodies that develop, establish, or coordinate technical 
standards using agreed-upon procedures. In addition, Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) issued OMB Circular A-119 to implement 
section 12(d) of Public Law 104-113 relative to the utilization of 
consensus technical standards by federal agencies. This circular 
provides guidance for agencies participating in voluntary consensus 
standards bodies and describes procedures for satisfying the reporting 
requirements in Public Law 104-113.
    API elected to issue RPs 1170 and 1171 in the form of ``recommended 
practices,'' as opposed to ``standards.'' This presented PHMSA with the 
challenge of dealing with concerns about the enforceability of these 
practices. Accordingly, as part of incorporating the API RPs by 
reference, PHMSA is adopting the non-mandatory provisions of API RPs 
1170 and 1171 in a manner that would make them mandatory (i.e., API 
provisions containing the word ``should'' or other non-mandatory 
language will be considered mandatory), except that operators will be 
permitted to deviate from the API RPs if they provide a sufficient 
technical and safety justification in their program or procedural 
manuals as to why compliance with a provision of the recommended 
practice is not practicable and not necessary for the safety of a 
particular facility. PHMSA will evaluate these justifications as part 
of its compliance inspection process, taking into account whether the 
operator's procedures reflect sound engineering principles and achieved 
acceptable performance as demonstrated by annual reports and incident 
data. PHMSA will incorporate lessons learned from these compliance 
reviews of underground storage facility operations into inspection 
protocols and inspector training programs.
    State pipeline regulators also support the issuance of underground 
gas storage facility regulations by PHMSA. In 2010, the National 
Association of Pipeline State Representatives (NAPSR), which represents 
PHMSA's state pipeline regulatory partners, submitted a resolution to 
PHMSA supporting underground natural gas storage facility 
regulations.\8\ PHMSA's state partners are a vital element in helping 
to protect the integrity of the nation's gas transmission and 
distribution systems. PHMSA's expanded role in underground natural gas 
storage facilities will produce a safer and more environmentally sound 
system.
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    \8\ NAPSR Resolution 2010-03 AC.2. The NAPSR resolution 
contained recommendation including the development of regulations to 
assess the integrity of existing wellbores used to store natural gas 
and the safety of operations for geologic formations used to store 
natural gas. http://www.napsr.org/SiteAssets/NAPSR-Resolutions-Open/201003%20Storage%20Field%20Wellbores%20Resolution.pdf.
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C. Good Cause Basis for an IFR

    Under the Administrative Procedure Act (APA) and the Federal 
Pipeline Safety Law, PHMSA may issue an IFR when there is ``good 
cause'' to find that the notice[hyphen]and[hyphen]comment process would 
be ``impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public interest,'' 
and the agency incorporates that finding and a brief statement of the 
reasons supporting the finding in the rulemaking document. See 5 U.S.C. 
553(b)(3)(B), and 49 U.S.C. 60102(b)(6)(C). PHMSA's pipeline safety 
regulations similarly recognize this exception at 49 CFR 190.311. 
However, PHMSA may modify aspects of the IFR issuing the final rule 
after receiving and reviewing public comments, as well as any other 
relevant documents. The good cause exception allows PHMSA to respond to 
safety risks quickly when delay would jeopardize the public interest 
through risks to public safety and the environment.
    PHMSA finds that good cause exists to proceed with this IFR. Normal 
notice and comment procedures are impracticable and not in the public 
interest because PHMSA knows, as evidenced by the release at Well SS25 
in Aliso Canyon, that existing facilities operating without minimum 
federal PHMSA safety standards are prone to corrosion due to the 
combined risks of a lack of corrosion-resistant coating, no effective 
cathodic protection, and a corrosive flow product that includes a 
mixture of water and other corrosive components. The RP's have sections 
concerning integrity monitoring methods for safety threats from 
corrosion of the wellbore piping and wellhead. The other 114 wells at 
the Aliso Canyon facility are currently being evaluated for integrity 
deficiencies. However, the concerns about well integrity are not 
limited to Aliso Canyon. They are national in scope. The lack of 
applicable PHMSA federal regulations for the downhole facilities 
presents an immediate threat to safety, public health, and the 
environment because there is currently no effective means for the 
agency to ensure compliance with safety standards at underground 
natural gas storage facilities.
    Given the nature of the safety and environmental threat posed by 
the current lack of federal regulations for underground gas wells, any 
delay in adopting the API recommended practices would be impracticable 
and contrary to the public interest. The failure of a single well can 
cause substantial environmental harm and put populated areas at risk. 
The Aliso Canyon facility, for example, was located near a densely 
populated area and resulted in approximately 5,790 households being 
relocated due to the co-release of natural gas odorant (mercaptans), 
according to the Aliso Canyon Incident Command briefing report issued 
on February 17, 2016. Further, while the full extent of the damage 
caused by the Aliso Canyon incident will not be known until much later, 
as of June 30, 2016, SoCalGas had made provisions for expenses of 
nearly $763 million to control the release, monitor air emissions, 
relocate residents, and cover its legal and other expenses (Sempra, 
2016).\9\ These costs are those incurred by Sempra and do not include 
additional costs to society as a result of the release.\10\ For 
example,

[[Page 91866]]

this figure does not include $123 million in estimated social costs 
(ranging from $55 million to $344 million) from the climate impacts of 
approximately 5.7 BCF of gas released into the atmosphere.\11\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \9\ Of the $763 million, Sempra Energy notes ``approximately 70% 
is for the temporary relocation program (including cleaning costs 
and certain labor costs) and approximately 20% is for efforts to 
control the well, stop the leak, stop or reduce emissions, and the 
estimated cost of the root cause investigation. The remaining amount 
includes legal costs incurred to defend litigation, the value of 
lost gas, the costs to mitigate the actual natural gas released and 
other costs. Cost estimate excludes any potential damage awards, 
restitution and any civil, administrative or criminal fines and 
other penalties that may be imposed, as well as any additional costs 
to clean homes and future legal costs necessary to defend 
litigation, among other potential costs, as we cannot estimate what 
amounts, if any, will be incurred for such matter.'' (Sempra Energy, 
2016).
    \10\ On August 17, 2016, SoCal Gas provided PHMSA with a 
supplemental data response regarding Aliso Canyon remediation costs 
as of August 15, 2016.
    \11\ The range reflects different assumptions on the discount 
rate used in estimating the social cost of methane. See Section 6 in 
RIA for details.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    There is also a major public interest in preventing supply 
interruptions for hundreds of thousands of consumers who need gas to 
heat their homes. Potential interruptions in the supply of gas can also 
impact the reliable operation of gas turbine electrical power plants 
that power businesses and the U.S. economy. The Aliso Canyon incident 
highlights the need for explicit PHMSA standards relating to the safety 
of these facilities, and as noted above many of the approximately 400 
existing facilities across the country have wells that have similar 
characteristics to Well SS25.
    Upon the effective date of the final rule, PHMSA will move 
expeditiously to institute a program for identifying, inspecting and 
enforcing the new standards for all interstate facilities. 
Implementation at the state level will also involve time for states to 
update their state codes and in some cases certify additional agencies. 
Conducting a full notice and comment rulemaking proceeding prior to the 
incorporation of the API RPs would potentially leave the public 
unprotected and without any safety standards for underground natural 
gas storage for months or years to come. It would also leave PHMSA 
without any enforceable regulations for interstate underground natural 
gas storage wells and downhole facilities during the rulemaking 
process. However, in the absence of advance public notice and comment, 
PHMSA is providing for a post-promulgation comment period and will 
consider subsequent amendments or modifications in the final rule based 
on the comments received.
    The rapid incorporation of API RPs 1170 and 1171 into part 192 
provides PHMSA with an immediate tool to begin inspection and 
enforcement for interstate underground storage facilities and provides 
the foundation for states to begin adopting the minimum federal 
standards for intrastate underground storage facilities for prevention 
and response to future incidents. PHMSA understands that implementation 
at the state level will involve time for states to update their state 
codes and in some cases certify additional agencies, but the 
incorporation of the API RPs into the part 192 regulations will not 
prevent states from adopting additional or more stringent regulations 
on underground gas storage facilities, provided they are compatible 
with the new minimum federal standards.

D. The American Petroleum Institute Recommended Practices 1170 and 1171

    PHMSA reviewed API RPs 1170 and 1171 for requirements covering 
design, construction, material, testing, commissioning, reservoir 
monitoring, and recordkeeping for existing and newly constructed 
underground natural gas storage facilities. API RPs 1170 and 1171 have 
operations and maintenance (O&M) procedures and practices for newly 
constructed and existing underground natural gas storage facilities 
that include operations, maintenance, threat identification, 
monitoring, assessment, site security, emergency response and 
preparedness, training, and recordkeeping. The standards are available 
for public viewing in a read-only format at http://publications.api.org/IBR-Documents-Under-Consideration.aspx.
    API RP 1170, ``Design and Operation of Solution-mined Salt Caverns 
Used for Natural Gas Storage, First Edition'' provides the functional 
recommendations for salt cavern facilities used for natural gas storage 
service and covers facility geomechanical assessments, cavern well 
design and drilling, solution mining techniques and operations, 
including monitoring and maintenance practices. This RP is based on the 
accumulated knowledge and experience of geologists, engineers, and 
other personnel in the petroleum and gas storage industries and 
promotes public safety by providing a comprehensive set of design 
guidelines. This RP recognizes the nature of subsurface geological 
diversity and stresses the need for in-depth, site specific 
geomechanical assessments with a goal of long-term facility integrity 
and safety. This RP includes the cavern well system from the emergency 
shutdown (ESD) valve, though the well, including wellhead, casing, 
tubing, cement, and completion techniques, to the design and 
construction of the cavern itself.
    API RP 1171, ``Functional Integrity of Natural Gas Storage in 
Depleted Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Aquifer Reservoirs, First Edition'' 
applies to natural gas storage in depleted oil and gas reservoirs and 
aquifer reservoirs, and focuses on storage well, reservoir, and fluid 
management for functional integrity in design, construction, operation, 
monitoring, maintenance, and documentation practices. Storage design, 
construction, operation, and maintenance include activities in risk 
management, site security, safety, emergency preparedness, and 
procedural documentation and training to embed human and organizational 
competence in the management of storage facilities. This RP embodies 
historical knowledge and experience and emphasizes the need for case-
by-case and site-specific conditional assessments. This RP applies to 
both existing and newly constructed facilities. This document 
recommends that operators manage integrity through monitoring, 
maintenance, and remediation practices and apply specific integrity 
assessments on a case-by-case basis.
    PHMSA has also added reporting requirements for underground natural 
gas storage facilities in 49 CFR part 191. Four types of reports are 
required from operators for underground natural gas storage facilities: 
Annual reports, incident reports, safety-related condition reports, and 
National Registry information. PHMSA is requiring this information 
because there currently are no annual submittal requirements for 
underground natural gas storage facilities in PHMSA's regulations that 
include information about the wells and reservoirs. The first type of 
report noted is an ``annual report,'' which is needed to collect 
operator name, address and contact information; location of the 
facility; number of wells including injection, withdrawal and 
observation wells; and facility operational information such as gas 
storage volumes, gas storage pressures, well depths, gas injection and 
withdrawal rates, and maintenance information that is conducted to 
ensure the safety of the facility. The second type of report is an 
``incident report'' that is needed for operator reporting of an event 
that involves a release of gas, death or personal injury necessitating 
in-patient hospitalization, estimated property damage of $50,000 or 
more, or unintentional estimated gas loss of three million cubic feet 
or more. The third type report noted is a ``safety-related condition 
report'' that is used to report findings that compromise the safety of 
the well or reservoir such as casing or tubing corrosion, cracks or 
other material defects, earthquakes, leaks, or anything that 
compromises the structural integrity or reliability of an underground 
natural gas storage facility. Lastly, National Registry information is 
needed by PHMSA to identify the facility operator that has primary 
responsibility for operations through an

[[Page 91867]]

assigned Operator Identification Number (OPID).
    API elected to publish 1170 and 1171 in the form of ``Recommended 
Practices,'' as opposed to ``Standards.'' This presented PHMSA with the 
problem of how to ensure that the industry practices therein were 
enforceable as opposed to mere guidance about what operators ``should'' 
do. Accordingly, PHMSA is making the API RPs mandatory out of concern 
that failure to do so would weaken many important safety provisions. 
However, PHMSA will allow operators to vary from the API RPs when 
compliance with a provision of the recommended practice is not 
practicable and not necessary for safety with respect to specified 
underground storage facilities or equipment as long as they document 
the technical and safety justification for making such determinations. 
PHMSA or its state partner would review such justifications during 
compliance inspections and utilize our range of enforcement tools as 
necessary to ensure variances are not utilized inappropriately. In 
addition, PHMSA is able to issue advisory bulletins or otherwise notify 
operators advising them of variances that have frequently been deemed 
objectionable and should be avoided under most circumstances. This 
approach has worked well in pipeline regulation involving incorporation 
by reference. Therefore, we do not believe this manner of adoption will 
be a significant departure from expected industry practices. In 
addition, operators may submit an application for a special permit 
under 49 CFR 190.341 that would waive a given requirement or extend a 
deadline applicable to its facility if PHMSA determined that such 
waiver would not be inconsistent with safety.

III. Rulemaking Analysis and Notices

A. Statutory/Legal Authority for This Rulemaking

    This IFR is published under the authority of the Federal Pipeline 
Safety Law (49 U.S.C. 60101 et seq.). Section 60102 authorizes the 
Secretary of Transportation to issue regulations governing design, 
installation, inspection, emergency plans and procedures, testing, 
construction, extension, operation, replacement, and maintenance of 
pipeline facilities. The amendments to the requirements for underground 
gas storage facilities involved in pipeline transportation addressed in 
this rulemaking are issued under this authority.

B. Executive Orders 12866 and 13563, and DOT Regulatory Policies and 
Procedures

    Under title 5, United States Code, 553(b)(3)(B) and title 49, 
United States Code, 60102(b)(6)(C), advance notice, public procedure, 
and analysis of benefits and costs specified in 49 U.S.C. 
60102(b)(2)(D) and (E) is not required when PHMSA for good cause finds 
(and incorporates the finding and a brief statement of reasons 
therefore in the rulemakings issued) that notice and public procedure 
thereon are impracticable, unnecessary, or contrary to the public 
interest.
    PHMSA has determined that the underground storage of natural gas is 
an immediate safety and environmental threat. Therefore, this IFR is 
being issued to address an emergency situation within the meaning of 
section 6(a)(3)(D) of Executive Order (E.O.) 12866 (58 FR 51735). Under 
section 6(a)(3)(D), in emergency situations, an agency must notify the 
Office of Management and Budget (OMB) as soon as possible and, to the 
extent practicable, comply with subsections (a)(3)(B) and (C) of 
section 6 of E.O. 12866. PHMSA has notified and consulted with OMB on 
this IFR.
    The IFR has been designated by OMB as a significant regulatory 
action under Section 3(f) of E.O. 12866, and therefore was reviewed by 
OMB. This IFR also is considered significant under the Regulatory 
Policies and Procedures of the Department of Transportation (44 FR 
11034) because of substantial congressional, State, industry, and 
public interest in pipeline safety. PHMSA has prepared a regulatory 
impact analysis (RIA) for the IFR, which details the potential for 
incremental benefits and costs. The RIA in the docket for this IFR 
describes the baseline for the analysis, potential unit costs and 
benefits from compliance actions, and aggregate compliance costs. A 
table of the incremental annualized costs, from the RIA, is below:

                                                         Incremental Annualized Costs of the IFR
                                                                   [Million 2015$] \1\
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                           Incremental costs relative to API RPs implementation baseline
                                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             Full compliance baseline       Partial compliance baseline     Regulatory compliance only
                     Cost component                      ----------------------------------------------------------------            baseline
                                                                                                                         -------------------------------
                                                            3% Discount     7% Discount     3% Discount     7% Discount     3% Discount     7% Discount
                                                               rate            rate            rate            rate            rate            rate
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Mechanical integrity testing \2\........................            $0.0            $0.0           $27.2           $31.7          $170.6          $193.6
Other RP elements.......................................             0.0             0.0             0.0             0.0             0.0             0.0
Reporting...............................................            <0.1            <0.1            <0.1            <0.1            <0.1            <0.1
                                                         -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
    Total \1\...........................................            <0.1            <0.1            27.2            31.7           170.6           193.6
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Range reflects the assumed baseline level of compliance with API RPs in absence of regulatory requirements.
\2\ Based on 10-year phase-in of integrity tests and a 10-year interval between tests. See Section 4 for details.

    To the degree that the IFR promotes implementation of safer 
practices by making them mandatory and enforceable, PHMSA expects the 
benefits of the IFR in general, and of the mechanical integrity testing 
requirements in particular, to derive from preventing catastrophic 
natural gas releases due to the failure of storage wells or of fugitive 
and vented emissions ancillary to the operation of storage facilities. 
These benefits include avoided property damage, loss of product, 
injuries and fatalities, methane emissions, adverse health effects, and 
others.
    PHMSA expects mechanical integrity tests and other measures 
mandated by the IFR to reduce the likelihood of well failures in the 
future by detecting conditions that precede the failures. PHMSA did not 
find data to estimate quantitatively the reduction in risk that will 
result from conducting mechanical integrity tests on storage wells but 
notes that the tests are used to establish existing conditions and to 
monitor

[[Page 91868]]

development of corrosion or other conditions (e.g., mechanical defects 
or damages) that could lead to a release or other consequences. 
Corrosion poses a serious threat to maintaining natural gas 
containment. Without proactive tests, serious integrity conditions may 
be discovered and addressed only after containment has already been 
compromised and the casing is leaking.
    Reporting requirements incorporated in the IFR will help ensure 
compliance with the minimum safety measures specified in the API RPs 
and will provide data PHMSA needs to evaluate whether more stringent 
safety requirements are warranted to protect people and the 
environment.
    PHMSA requests information from the public that could be used to 
estimate risk reduction from conducting mechanical integrity tests and 
the benefits of the IFR.

C. Executive Order 13132

    PHMSA has analyzed this IFR according to Executive Order 13132 
(``Federalism''). The IFR could impact state requirements because it 
sets a minimum federal standard applicable to both intrastate and 
interstate underground storage facilities (see 49 U.S.C. 60104), but 
the IFR does not have a substantial direct effect on the states, the 
relationship between the national government and the states, or the 
distribution of power and responsibilities among the various levels of 
government. This IFR does not impose substantial direct compliance 
costs on State and local governments. Therefore, the consultation and 
funding requirements of Executive Order 13132 do not apply.

D. Executive Order 13175

    PHMSA has analyzed this IFR according to the principles and 
criteria in Executive Order 13175, ``Consultation and Coordination with 
Indian Tribal Governments.'' Because this IFR would not significantly 
or uniquely affect the communities of the Indian tribal governments or 
impose substantial direct compliance costs, the funding and 
consultation requirements of Executive Order 13175 do not apply. We 
invite Tribes to comment on the IFR and PHMSA will take any Tribal 
comments and impacts into account when the final rule making the IFR 
permanent is issued.

E. Regulatory Flexibility Act and Executive Order 13272

    Section 603 of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA), Public Law 96-
354, requires an agency to prepare an initial regulatory flexibility 
analysis describing impacts on small entities whenever an agency is 
required by 5 U.S.C. 553 to publish a notice of proposed rulemaking for 
any rulemaking. Similarly, section 604 of the RFA requires an agency to 
prepare a final regulatory flexibility analysis when an agency issues a 
rulemaking under 5 U.S.C. 553 after being required to publish a general 
notice of proposed rulemaking. Because of the need to move quickly to 
address the identified risk, prior notice and comment would be contrary 
to the public interest. As prior notice and comment under 5 U.S.C. 553 
are not required to be provided in this situation, the analyses in 5 
U.S.C. 603 and 604 are not required. Nonetheless, PHMSA conducted a 
screening analysis of the impact of the rule on small entities which is 
included in the RIA for the rulemaking. The results support a 
determination that the IFR will not have a ``significant impact on a 
substantial number of small entities'' (SISNOSE). PHMSA invites 
comments on the costs and impact of this rule on small entities.

F. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995

    Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA) of 1995, Public 
Law 104-4, requires that federal agencies assess the effects of their 
regulatory actions on state, local, and tribal governments and the 
private sector. Under UMRA section 202, PHMSA generally must prepare a 
written statement, including a cost-benefit analysis, for rulemakings 
with ``Federal mandates'' that might result in expenditures by state, 
local, and tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private 
sector, of $100 million (adjusted annually for inflation) or more in 
any one year (i.e., $151 million in 2015 dollars).
    Based on the cost estimates detailed in the RIA for the most likely 
scenario in which a substantial fraction of the industry is already 
implementing API RPs 1170 and 1171 in the baseline, PHMSA determined 
that compliance costs in any given year will be below the threshold set 
in UMRA.

G. Paperwork Reduction Act

    Pursuant to 5 CFR 1320.8(d), PHMSA is required to provide 
interested members of the public and affected agencies with an 
opportunity to comment on information collection and recordkeeping 
requests. As a result of the requirements of this rulemaking, the 
following information collection impacts are expected:
Recordkeeping Requirements for Operators With Underground Storage 
Facilities
    PHMSA is revising Sec.  192.7 to incorporate by reference American 
Petroleum Institute (API) Recommended Practices (RP): API RP 1170, 
``Design and Operation of Solution-mined Salt Caverns used for Natural 
Gas Storage'' (July 2015), and API RP 1171, ``Functional Integrity of 
Natural Gas Storage in Depleted Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Aquifer 
Reservoirs'' (September 2015). Both API RPs recommend that operators of 
underground natural gas storage facilities should implement a wide 
range of actions to maintain safety, including the lifetime maintenance 
of certain records. PHMSA understands that the assessment, monitoring, 
planning, and recordkeeping activities are already conducted as part of 
normal business operations and may simply need to be modified and 
formalized to comply with the RPs. Accordingly, PHMSA estimates that 
all (estimated 124) owners and operators of underground natural gas 
storage facilities will take no more than 1 hour annually to comply 
with these recordkeeping requirements. The general recordkeeping 
requirements for operators of gas pipeline facilities are contained 
within the information collection under OMB Control No. 2137-0049. This 
information collection is being revised to account for the burden 
associated with these new recordkeeping requirements.
Reporting of Safety-Related Conditions in Underground Storage 
Facilities
    PHMSA is revising Sec.  191.23 to require operators of underground 
storage facilities to report certain safety-related conditions to 
PHMSA. PHMSA expects to receive four (4) of these safety-related 
condition reports annually from operators of underground storage 
facilities. This information collection is contained under OMB Control 
No. 2137-0578 which is being revised to account for the increased 
burden stemming from this requirement.
Incident and Annual Reporting Requirements for Operators With 
Underground Storage Facilities
    PHMSA is revising Sec.  191.15 to require each operator of an 
underground natural gas storage facility to submit DOT Form PHMSA 
F7100.2 as soon as practicable but not more than 30 days after 
detection of an incident. This form is contained under OMB Control No. 
2137-0522 which is being revised to account for the estimated 
additional

[[Page 91869]]

burden resulting from this requirement. Currently, PHMSA expects to 
receive four (4) incident reports involving an underground storage 
facility each year.
    PHMSA is also revising Sec.  191.17 to require each operator of an 
underground natural gas storage facility to submit an annual report on 
DOT PHMSA Form 7100.4-1 by March 15, for the preceding calendar year 
except that the first report must be submitted by July 18, 2017. PHMSA 
is requesting OMB's approval of this new form which will be contained 
under OMB Control No. 2137-0522. Currently, PHMSA expects to receive 
124 annual report submissions from operators with underground storage 
facilities. PHMSA expects each operator to spend 8 hours compiling and 
submitting the requested data.
Operator Registry and Notification Requirements for Underground Storage 
Facilities
    PHMSA is revising Sec.  191.22 to require operators of facilities 
to obtain, or validate, an Operator Identification Number (OPID) and to 
notify PHMSA, no less than 60 days prior, of certain events such as 
construction of a new facility, well drilling, well workover, change of 
primary entity responsible for the facility and acquisition or 
divestiture of the facility as fully described in Sec.  191.22(c). This 
information collection is contained under OMB Control No. 2137-0627 
which is being revised to account for the additional burden expected to 
come from this requirement. As a result of the provisions in this rule, 
PHMSA expects to receive 24 new OPID requests and 25 ad hoc 
notifications from operators of underground storage facilities.
    PHMSA will submit these information collection revision requests to 
OMB for approval. These information collections are contained in the 
pipeline safety regulations, 49 CFR parts 190-199. The following 
information is provided for each information collection: (1) Title of 
the information collection; (2) OMB control number; (3) Current 
expiration date; (4) Type of request; (5) Abstract of the information 
collection activity; (6) Description of affected public; (7) Estimate 
of total annual reporting and recordkeeping burden; and (8) Frequency 
of collection.
    The information collection burden for the following information 
collections are estimated to be revised as follows:

    1. Title: Recordkeeping Requirements for Gas Pipeline Operators.
    OMB Control Number: 2137-0049.
    Current Expiration Date: 04/30/2018.
    Abstract: A person owning or operating an underground natural gas 
storage facility is required to maintain records, make reports, and 
provide information to the Secretary of Transportation at the 
Secretary's request. The types of records involved would include 
records for design activities, construction, maintenance activities, 
mechanical integrity tests and repairs, and other operation activities. 
As these activities have been widely adopted across the industry as 
RPs, PHMSA expects there to be minimal incremental burden.
    Additionally, each operator of a pipeline facility (except master 
meter operators) must document the justification if it plans to deviate 
from a provision of the RPs. PHMSA expects 10 percent of the affected 
community (approx. 12 operators) will make these deviations each year. 
PHMSA believes it will take operators 8 hours to complete such 
documentation. This includes the time to gather and draft the 
information necessary for sufficiently demonstrating that compliance 
with a RP is not practicable and not necessary for safety with respect 
to specified underground storage facilities or equipment. This also 
includes the time necessary to have any deviation technically reviewed 
and documented by a subject matter expert to ensure there will be no 
adverse impact on design, construction, operations, maintenance, 
integrity, emergency preparedness and response, and overall safety; the 
time to have the deviation dated and approved by a senior executive 
officer, vice president, or higher office with responsibility of the 
underground natural gas storage facility; and the time to incorporate 
such deviations into the operator's program or procedural manual. This 
will result in an annual burden of 12 responses and 96 hours for this 
provision and an overall burden increase of 136 responses and 220 hours 
(124 hours for general recordkeeping + 96 hours to document deviations) 
for this information collection.
    Affected Public: Operators of Underground Natural Gas Storage 
Facilities.
    Annual Reporting and Recordkeeping Burden:
    Total Annual Responses: 12,436.
    Total Annual Burden Hours: 940,674.
    Frequency of Collection: Annual.

    2. Title: Reporting Safety-Related Conditions on Gas, Hazardous 
Liquid, and Carbon Dioxide Pipelines and Liquefied Natural Gas 
Facilities.
    OMB Control Number: 2137-0578.
    Current Expiration Date: 07/31/2017.
    Abstract: Each operator of a pipeline facility (except master meter 
operators) must submit to DOT a written report on any safety-related 
condition that causes or has caused a significant change or restriction 
in the operation of a pipeline facility or a condition that is a hazard 
to life, property or the environment. See 49 U.S.C. 60102. Based on the 
proposed revisions in this rule, the burden associated with this 
information collection is increasing by 4 responses and 24 burden 
hours.
    Affected Public: Operators of Underground Natural Gas Storage 
Facilities.
    Annual Reporting and Recordkeeping Burden:
    Total Annual Responses: 146.
    Total Annual Burden Hours: 876.
    Frequency of Collection: On occasion.

    3. Title: Incident and Annual Reports for Gas Pipeline Operators.
    OMB Control Number: 2137-0522.
    Current Expiration Date: 10/31/2017
    Abstract: This information collection covers the collection of 
information from Gas pipeline operators for Incidents and Annual 
reports. Based on the proposals in the rule the burden associated with 
this information collection will increase by 128 responses (124 annual 
report submissions and 4 incident report submissions). PHMSA expects 
each of the 124 operators who submit the annual report to spend eight 
(8) hours completing this form, including the time for reviewing 
instructions, gathering the data needed, and completing and reviewing 
the collection of information, for an overall burden of 992 hours for 
annual report submissions. Based on current reporting trends, PHMSA 
expects to receive four (4) incident reports per year from operators of 
underground storage facilities. PHMSA expects operators who are 
required to submit an incident report to spend 10 hours per submission 
resulting in a burden of 40 hours for incident reporting. These two 
requirements, combined, will result in an overall burden increase of 
128 responses and 1,032 burden hours.
    Affected Public: Operators of Underground Natural Gas Storage 
Facilities.
    Annual Reporting and Recordkeeping Burden:
    Total Annual Responses: 12,292.
    Total Annual Burden Hours: 93,353.
    Frequency of Collection: On occasion.

    4. Title: National Registry of Pipeline and Liquefied Natural Gas 
(LNG) Operators.
    OMB Control Number: 2137-0627.
    Current Expiration Date: 5/31/2018.
    Abstract: The National Registry of Pipeline and LNG Operators 
serves as the storehouse for the reporting

[[Page 91870]]

requirements for an operator regulated or subject to reporting 
requirements under 49 CFR part 192, 193, or 195. This registry 
incorporates the use of two forms. The forms for assigning and 
maintaining OPID information are the Operator Assignment Request Form 
(PHMSA F 1000.1) and National Registry Notification Form (PHMSA F 
1000.2). Based on the proposals in this IFR this information collection 
will increase by 49 responses and 49 burden hours.
    Affected Public: Operators of Underground Natural Gas Storage 
Facilities.
    Annual Reporting and Recordkeeping Burden:
    Total Annual Responses: 679.
    Total Annual Burden Hours: 679.
    Frequency of Collection: On occasion.

    Requests for copies of these information collections should be 
directed to Angela Dow or Cameron Satterthwaite, Office of Pipeline 
Safety (PHP-30), Pipeline Hazardous Materials Safety Administration 
(PHMSA), 2nd Floor, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590-
0001, Telephone (202) 366-4595.
    Comments are invited on:
    (a) The need for the proposed collection of information for the 
proper performance of the functions of the agency, including whether 
the information will have practical utility;
    (b) The accuracy of the agency's estimate of the burden of the 
revised collection of information, including the validity of the 
methodology and assumptions used;
    (c) Ways to enhance the quality, utility, and clarity of the 
information to be collected; and
    (d) Ways to minimize the burden of the collection of information on 
those who are to respond, including the use of appropriate automated, 
electronic, mechanical, or other technological collection techniques.
    Send comments directly to the Office of Management and Budget, 
Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Attn: Desk Officer for 
the Department of Transportation, 725 17th Street NW., Washington, DC 
20503. Comments can be emailed to OMB using the following email 
address: OIRA_Submission@omb.eop.gov. Comments on the collections of 
information associated with this IFR should be received by OMB on or 
prior to January 18, 2017.
H. Regulation Identifier Number (RIN)
    A regulation identifier number (RIN) is assigned to each regulatory 
action listed in the Unified Agenda of Federal Regulations. The 
Regulatory Information Service Center publishes the Unified Agenda in 
April and October of each year. The RIN number contained in the heading 
of this document can be used to cross-reference this action with the 
Unified Agenda.
I. National Environmental Policy Act
    PHMSA analyzed this IFR in accordance with section 102(2)(c) of the 
National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4321-4347), the Council on 
Environmental Quality regulations (40 CFR parts 1500 through 1508), and 
DOT Order 5610.1C, and has preliminarily determined that this action 
will not significantly affect the quality of the human environment. A 
preliminary environmental assessment of this rulemaking is available in 
the docket.
J. Executive Order 13211
    This IFR is not a ``significant energy action'' under Executive 
Order 13211 (Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect 
Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use). See additional details Section 
8.5 of the RIA report. It is not likely to have a significant adverse 
effect on supply, distribution, or energy use. Further, the Office of 
Information and Regulatory Affairs has not designated this IFR as a 
significant energy action.
K. Privacy Act Statement
    Anyone is able to search the electronic form of any written 
communications and comments received into any of our dockets by the 
name of the individual submitting the document (or signing the 
document, if submitted on behalf of an association, business, labor 
union, etc.). You may review DOT's complete Privacy Act Statement in 
the Federal Register published on April 11, 2000 (70 FR 19477).
L. Availability of Materials to Interested Parties
    PHMSA currently incorporates by reference into 49 CFR parts 192, 
193, and 195 all or parts of more than 60 standards and specifications 
developed and published by standard developing organizations (SDOs). In 
general, SDOs update and revise their published standards every 3 to 5 
years to reflect modern technology and best technical practices.
    The National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (Pub. 
L. 104-113) directs federal agencies to use voluntary consensus 
standards in lieu of government-written standards whenever possible. 
Voluntary consensus standards are standards developed or adopted by 
voluntary bodies that develop, establish, or coordinate technical 
standards using agreed-upon procedures. In addition, Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) issued OMB Circular A-119 to implement 
Section 12 (d) of Public Law 104-113 relative to the utilization of 
consensus technical standards by Federal agencies. This circular 
provides guidance for agencies participating in voluntary consensus 
standards bodies and describes procedures for satisfying the reporting 
requirements in Public Law 104-113.
    In accordance with the preceding provisions, PHMSA has the 
responsibility for determining, via petitions or otherwise, which 
currently referenced standards should be updated, revised, or removed, 
and which standards should be added to 49 CFR parts 192, 193, and 195. 
Revisions to incorporate by reference materials in 49 CFR parts 192, 
193, and 195 are handled via the rulemaking process, which allows for 
the public and regulated entities to provide input. During the 
rulemaking process, PHMSA must also obtain approval from the Office of 
the Federal Register to incorporate by reference any new materials.
    PHMSA has worked to make the materials to be incorporated by 
reference reasonably available to interested parties. Section 24 of the 
``Pipeline Safety, Regulatory Certainty, and Job Creation Act of 2011'' 
(Pub. L. 112-90, January 3, 2012), amended 49 U.S.C. 60102 by adding a 
new public availability requirement for documents incorporated by 
reference after January 3, 2013. The law states: ``Beginning 1 year 
after the date of enactment of this subsection, the Secretary may not 
issue guidance or a regulation pursuant to this chapter that 
incorporates by reference any documents or portions thereof unless the 
documents or portions thereof are made available to the public, free of 
charge, on an Internet Web site.'' This section was further amended on 
August 9, 2013. The current law continues to prohibit the Secretary 
from issuing a regulation that incorporates by reference any document 
unless that document is available to the public, free of charge, but 
removes the Internet Web site requirements (Pub. L. 113-30, August 9, 
2013).
    Further, the Office of the Federal Register issued a November 7, 
2014, rulemaking (79 FR 66278) that revised 1 CFR 51.5 to require that 
agencies detail in the preamble of a proposed rulemaking the ways the 
materials it proposes to incorporate by reference are reasonably 
available to interested parties, or how the agency worked to make those 
materials reasonably available to interested parties.

[[Page 91871]]

    To meet the requirements of section 24, PHMSA negotiated agreements 
with all but one of the standards-setting organizations with standards 
already incorporated by reference in the pipeline safety regulations to 
make viewable copies of those standards available to the public at no 
cost. One organization with which PHMSA has an agreement is API, which 
will voluntarily make these recommended practices available to the 
public on its read-only Web site. API's mailing address and Web site is 
listed in 49 CFR part 192.

List of Subjects

49 CFR Part 191

    Underground natural gas storage facility reporting requirements.

49 CFR Part 192

    Incorporation by reference, Underground natural gas storage 
facility safety.

    In consideration of the foregoing, PHMSA amends 49 CFR parts 191 
and 192 as follows:

PART 191--TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE; 
ANNUAL, INCIDENT REPORTS, AND SAFETY-RELATED CONDITION REPORTS

0
1. The authority citation for part 191 is revised to read as follows:

    Authority:  49 U.S.C. 5121, 60102, 60103, 60104, 60108, 60117, 
60118, 60124, 60132, and 60141; and 49 CFR 1.97.

0
2. In Sec.  191.1, paragraph (a) is revised to read as follows:


Sec.  191.1  Scope.

    (a) This part prescribes requirements for the reporting of 
incidents, safety-related conditions, annual pipeline summary data, 
National Operator Registry information, and other miscellaneous 
conditions by operators of underground natural gas storage facilities 
and natural gas pipeline facilities located in the United States or 
Puerto Rico, including underground natural gas storage facilities and 
pipelines within the limits of the Outer Continental Shelf as that term 
is defined in the Outer Continental Shelf Lands Act (43 U.S.C. 1331).
* * * * *

0
3. In Sec.  191.3, the definition for Incident is revised and the 
definition for Underground natural gas storage facility is added in 
alphabetical order to read as follows:


Sec.  191.3  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Incident means any of the following events:
    (1) An event that involves a release of gas from a pipeline, gas 
from an underground natural gas storage facility, liquefied natural 
gas, liquefied petroleum gas, refrigerant gas, or gas from an LNG 
facility, and that results in one or more of the following 
consequences:
    (i) A death, or personal injury necessitating in-patient 
hospitalization;
    (ii) Estimated property damage of $50,000 or more, including loss 
to the operator and others, or both, but excluding cost of gas lost; or
    (iii) Unintentional estimated gas loss of three million cubic feet 
or more.
    (2) An event that results in an emergency shutdown of an LNG 
facility or an underground natural gas storage facility. Activation of 
an emergency shutdown system for reasons other than an actual emergency 
does not constitute an incident.
    (3) An event that is significant in the judgment of the operator, 
even though it did not meet the criteria of paragraph (1) or (2) of 
this definition.
* * * * *
    Underground natural gas storage facility means an underground 
natural gas storage facility as defined in Sec.  192.3 of this chapter.

0
4. In Sec.  191.15, the section heading and paragraph (c) are revised 
and paragraph (d) is added to read as follows:


Sec.  191.15  Transmission systems; gathering systems; liquefied 
natural gas facilities; and underground natural gas storage facilities: 
Incident report.

* * * * *
    (c) Underground natural gas storage facility. Each operator of an 
underground natural gas storage facility must submit DOT Form PHMSA 
F7100.2 as soon as practicable but not more than 30 days after 
detection of an incident required to be reported under Sec.  191.5.
    (d) Supplemental report. Where additional related information is 
obtained after a report is submitted under paragraph (a), (b) or (c) of 
this section, the operator must make a supplemental report as soon as 
practicable with a clear reference by date to the original report.

0
5. In Sec.  191.17, the section heading is revised and paragraph (c) is 
added to read as follows:


Sec.  191.17  Transmission systems; gathering systems; liquefied 
natural gas facilities; and underground natural gas storage facilities: 
Annual report.

* * * * *
    (c) Underground natural gas storage facility. Each operator of an 
underground natural gas storage facility must submit an annual report 
on DOT PHMSA Form 7100.4-1 by March 15, for the preceding calendar year 
except that the first report must be submitted by July 18, 2017.

0
6. In Sec.  191.21, the table is revised to read as follows:


Sec.  191.21  OMB control number assigned to information collection.

* * * * *

                                          OMB Control Number 2137-0522
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Section of 49 CFR part 191 where
           identified                                                Form No.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
191.5...........................  Telephonic.
191.9...........................  PHMSA 7100.1, PHMSA 7100.3.
191.11..........................  PHMSA 7100.1-1, PHMSA 7100.3-1.
191.12..........................  PHMSA 7100.1-2.
191.15..........................  PHMSA 7100.2, PHMSA 7100.3.
191.17..........................  PHMSA 7100.2-1, PHMSA 7100.3-1.PHMSA 7100.4-1.
191.22..........................  PHMSA 1000.1, PHMSA 1000.2.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


0
7. In Sec.  191.22:
0
i. Revise paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) introductory text;
0
ii. Remove the ``or'' at the end of paragraph (c)(1)(ii);
0
iii. Remove the period at the end of paragraph (c)(1)(iii) and add ``; 
or'' in its place;
0
iv. Add paragraph (c)(1)(iv);
0
v. Revise paragraph (c)(2)(iii);
0
vi. Remove the ``or'' at the end of paragraph (c)(2)(iv);
0
vii. Remove the period at the end of paragraph (c)(2)(v) and add ``; 
or'' in its place;

[[Page 91872]]

0
viii. Add paragraph (c)(2)(vi); and
0
ix. Revising the heading for paragraph (d).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  191.22  National Registry of Pipeline and LNG operators.

    (a) OPID request. Effective January 1, 2012, each operator of a gas 
pipeline, gas pipeline facility, underground natural gas storage 
facility, LNG plant or LNG facility must obtain from PHMSA an Operator 
Identification Number (OPID). An OPID is assigned to an operator for 
the pipeline or pipeline system for which the operator has primary 
responsibility. To obtain an OPID, an operator must complete an OPID 
Assignment Request DOT Form PHMSA F 1000.1 through the National 
Registry of Pipeline, Underground Natural Gas Storage Facility, and LNG 
Operators in accordance with Sec.  191.7.
    (b) OPID validation. An operator who has already been assigned one 
or more OPID by January 1, 2011, must validate the information 
associated with each OPID through the National Registry of Pipeline, 
Underground Natural Gas Storage Facility, and LNG Operators at http://opsweb.phmsa.dot.gov, and correct that information as necessary, no 
later than June 30, 2012.
    (c) Changes. Each operator of a gas pipeline, gas pipeline 
facility, underground natural gas storage facility, LNG plant, or LNG 
facility must notify PHMSA electronically through the National Registry 
of Pipeline, Underground Natural Gas Storage Facility, and LNG 
Operators at http://opsweb.phmsa.dot.gov of certain events.
    (1) * * *
    (iv) Construction of a new underground natural gas storage facility 
or the abandonment, drilling or well workover (including replacement of 
wellhead, tubing, or a new casing) of an injection, withdrawal, 
monitoring, or observation well for an underground natural gas storage 
facility.
    (2) * * *
    (iii) A change in the entity (e.g., company, municipality) 
responsible for an existing pipeline, pipeline segment, pipeline 
facility, underground natural gas storage facility, or LNG facility;
* * * * *
    (vi) The acquisition or divestiture of an existing underground 
natural gas storage facility subject to part 192 of this subchapter.
    (d) Reporting. * * *

0
8. In Sec.  191.23, paragraphs (a)(2) through (8) and (b)(3) are 
revised and paragraph (a)(9) is added to read as follows:


Sec.  191.23  Reporting safety-related conditions.

    (a) * * *
    (2) In the case of an underground natural gas storage facility, 
including injection, withdrawal, monitoring, or observation well, 
general corrosion that has reduced the wall thickness to less than that 
required for the maximum well operating pressure, and localized 
corrosion pitting to a degree where leakage might result.
    (3) Unintended movement or abnormal loading by environmental 
causes, such as an earthquake, landslide, or flood, that impairs the 
serviceability of a pipeline or the structural integrity or reliability 
of an underground natural gas storage facility, including injection, 
withdrawal, monitoring, or observation well for an underground natural 
gas storage facility, or LNG facility that contains, controls, or 
processes gas or LNG.
    (4) Any crack or other material defect that impairs the structural 
integrity or reliability of an underground natural gas storage facility 
or LNG facility that contains, controls, or processes gas or LNG.
    (5) Any material defect or physical damage that impairs the 
serviceability of a pipeline that operates at a hoop stress of 20% or 
more of its specified minimum yield strength or underground natural gas 
storage facility, including injection, withdrawal, monitoring, or 
observations well for an underground natural gas storage facility.
    (6) Any malfunction or operating error that causes the pressure of 
a pipeline or underground natural gas storage facility or LNG facility 
that contains or processes gas or LNG to rise above its maximum well 
operating pressure (or working pressure for LNG facilities) plus the 
margin (build-up) allowed for operation of pressure limiting or control 
devices.
    (7) A leak in a pipeline or an underground natural gas storage 
facility, including injection, withdrawal, monitoring, or observation 
well for an underground natural gas storage facility, or LNG facility 
that contains or processes gas or LNG that constitutes an emergency.
    (8) Inner tank leakage, ineffective insulation, or frost heave that 
impairs the structural integrity of an LNG storage tank.
    (9) Any safety-related condition that could lead to an imminent 
hazard and causes (either directly or indirectly by remedial action of 
the operator), for purposes other than abandonment, a 20% or more 
reduction in operating pressure or shutdown of operation of a pipeline 
or an underground natural gas storage facility, including injection, 
withdrawal, monitoring, or observation well for an underground natural 
gas storage facility, or an LNG facility that contains or processes gas 
or LNG.
    (b) * * *
    (3) Exists on a pipeline (other than an LNG facility or Underground 
Natural Gas Storage facility) that is more than 220 yards (200 meters) 
from any building intended for human occupancy or outdoor place of 
assembly, except that reports are required for conditions within the 
right-of-way of an active railroad, paved road, street, or highway; or
* * * * *

PART 192--TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: 
MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS

0
9. The authority citation for part 192 is revised to read as follows:

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 5103, 60102, 60104, 60108, 60109, 60110, 
60113, 60116, 60118, 60137, and 60141; and 49 CFR 1.97.

0
10. In Sec.  192.3, a definition for Underground natural gas storage 
facility is added in alphabetical order to read as follows:


Sec.  192.3  Definitions.

* * * * *
    Underground natural gas storage facility means a facility that 
stores natural gas in an underground facility incident to natural gas 
transportation, including--
    (1) A depleted hydrocarbon reservoir;
    (2) An aquifer reservoir; or
    (3) A solution-mined salt cavern reservoir, including associated 
material and equipment used for injection, withdrawal, monitoring, or 
observation wells, and wellhead equipment, piping, rights-of-way, 
property, buildings, compressor units, separators, metering equipment, 
and regulator equipment.
* * * * *

0
11. In Sec.  192.7, paragraphs (b)(10) and (11) are added to read as 
follows:


Sec.  192.7  What documents are incorporated by reference partly or 
wholly in this part?

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (10) API Recommended Practice 1170, ``Design and Operation of 
Solution-mined Salt Caverns Used for Natural Gas Storage,'' First 
edition, July 2015 (API RP 1170), IBR approved for Sec.  192.12.
    (11) API Recommended Practice 1171, ``Functional Integrity of 
Natural Gas Storage in Depleted Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Aquifer 
Reservoirs,''

[[Page 91873]]

First edition, September 2015, (API RP 1171), IBR approved for Sec.  
192.12.
* * * * *
0
12. Section 192.12 is added to read as follows:


Sec.  192.12  Underground natural gas storage facilities.

    Underground natural gas storage facilities must meet the following 
requirements:
    (a) Each underground natural gas storage facility that uses a 
solution-mined salt cavern reservoir for gas storage constructed after 
July 18, 2017 must meet all requirements and recommendations of API RP 
1170 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  192.7).
    (b) Each underground natural gas storage facility that uses a 
solution-mined salt cavern reservoir for storage including those 
constructed not later than July 18, 2017 must meet the operations, 
maintenance, integrity demonstration and verification, monitoring, 
threat and hazard identification, assessment, remediation, site 
security, emergency response and preparedness, and recordkeeping 
requirements and recommendations of API RP 1170, sections 9, 10, and 11 
(incorporated by reference, see Sec.  192.7) by January 18, 2018.
    (c) Each underground natural gas storage facility that uses a 
depleted hydrocarbon reservoir or an aquifer reservoir for storage 
constructed after July 18, 2017 must meet all requirements and 
recommendations of API RP 1171 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  
192.7).
    (d) Each underground natural gas storage facility that uses a 
depleted hydrocarbon reservoir or an aquifer reservoir for gas storage, 
including those constructed not later than July 18, 2017 must meet the 
operations, maintenance, integrity demonstration and verification, 
monitoring, threat and hazard identification, assessment, remediation, 
site security, emergency response and preparedness, and recordkeeping 
requirements and recommendations of API RP 1171, sections 8, 9, 10, and 
11 (incorporated by reference, see Sec.  192.7) by January 18, 2018.
    (e) Operators of underground gas storage facilities must establish 
and follow written procedures for operations, maintenance, and 
emergencies implementing the requirements of API RP 1170 and API RP 
1171, as required under this section, including the effective dates as 
applicable, and incorporate such procedures into their written 
procedures for operations, maintenance, and emergencies established 
pursuant to Sec.  192.605.
    (f) With respect to the incorporation by reference of API RP 1170 
and API RP 1171 in this section, the non-mandatory provisions (i.e., 
provisions containing the word ``should'' or other non-mandatory 
language) are adopted as mandatory provisions under the authority of 
the pipeline safety laws except when the operator includes or 
references written technical justifications in its program or 
procedural manual, described in paragraph (a)(5) of this section, as to 
why compliance with a provision of the recommended practice is not 
practicable and not necessary for safety with respect to specified 
underground storage facilities or equipment. The justifications for any 
deviation from any provision of API RP 1170 and API RP 1171 must be 
technically reviewed and documented by a subject matter expert to 
ensure there will be no adverse impact on design, construction, 
operations, maintenance, integrity, emergency preparedness and 
response, and overall safety and must be dated and approved by a senior 
executive officer, vice president, or higher office with responsibility 
of the underground natural gas storage facility. An operator must 
discontinue use of any variance where PHMSA determines and provides 
notice that the variance adversely impacts design, construction, 
operations, maintenance, integrity, emergency preparedness and 
response, or overall safety.

    Issued in Washington, DC, on December 9, 2016, under authority 
delegated in 49 CFR 1.97.
Marie Therese Dominguez,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. 2016-30045 Filed 12-16-16; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4910-60-P


