 Comparison of the 2006 NFPA 101 and OSHA Subpart E (Means of Egress)

The purpose of this comparison is to determine if the 2006 edition of
NFPA 101 provides employee protection equivalent to the Subpart E exit
route provisions, and is therefore able to serve as a compliance option
instead of the 2000 edition currently allowed by §1910.35. The
following analysis compares §1910.34, §1910.36, and §1910.37 to the
corresponding sections of NFPA 101-2006. Portions of NFPA 101 with no
relevant counterparts in these three sections of Subpart E are excluded.

The subpart E provisions (see first column) are very general in nature,
mostly performance oriented, and not intended to specifically cover
every specific situation in the infinite array of new and existing
buildings. NFPA 101 is much more specific, containing very detailed
requirements (see portions in second column) tailored to 15 different
occupancy types. Subpart E comprises less than six pages of the Code of
Federal Regulations, while NFPA 101 is a 428 page document. In some
cases, Subpart E incorporates notes to direct employers to NFPA 101,
recognizing that more specific guidance is often needed in order to be
applied properly. Many features covered by NFPA 101 are not addressed at
all in Subpart E.

The third column addresses the similarities and differences between the
OSHA and NFPA standards, and each row contains a determination of the
suitability of NFPA 101 – 2006 to serve as an alternative compliance
option as discussed above. In many cases, the level of employee
protection provided by NFPA 101 is equivalent to or exceeds the OSHA
standard. In some cases, commensurate protection is provided by NFPA
101. 

To elaborate on the meaning of commensurate protection, NFPA 101
contains many provisions which are more detailed for the various
occupancies and use conditions. In a few cases, specific requirements in
NFPA 101 are less stringent than the corresponding general Subpart E
provisions, but cover specific situations where the level of safety
would be equivalent to the general provision for one or more reasons,
such as:

Occupancy type and/or occupant load is limited

Compensatory protection feature(s) are provided

Contemporary technology is available

The provisions are more detailed & comprehensive

When a specific NFPA 101 provision is less stringent than subpart E but
the level of safety is equivalent, that particular provision is noted to
be commensurate. In these cases where NFPA 101 is deemed to have
commensurate protection, it is suitable as a compliance alternative to
Subpart E. Stated differently, if a building was built and operated in
compliance with NFPA 101-2006, it would it would provide employee
protection equal to or greater than §1910.34, §1910.36, and §1910.37.

To summarize, this analysis has identified no instance where NFPA
101-2006 provides a lower level of employee protection than Subpart E.
All corresponding provisions are deemed to provide employee protection
in excess of, equivalent with, or commensurate to the features of
Subpart E. Therefore, this analysis shows that NFPA 101-2006 can be
recognized as a compliance alternative.

Subpart E	NFPA 101 (2006)	Comments

1910.34(a) 

Every employer is covered. 

Sections 1910.34 through 1910.39 apply to workplaces in general industry
except mobile workplaces such as vehicles or vessels.

	1.3 Application

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150582',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010122092')"  1.3.1*  New and Existing Buildings and
Structures. The Code shall apply to both new construction and existing
buildings and existing structures. 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151501',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010126176')"  11.6*  Vehicles and Vessels. 

11.6.1 Vehicles. Where immobile, attached to a building, or permanently
fixed to a foundation, and where subject to human occupancy, the
following vehicles shall comply with the requirements of this Code that
are appropriate to buildings of similar occupancy: 

(1)      Trailers 

(2)      Railroad cars 

(3)      Streetcars 

(4)      Buses 

(5)      Conveyances similar to those in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0142025&sub=&default=false" \l
"codes-id00010126178#codes-id00010126178"  11.6.1 (1) through  
HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0142025&sub=&default=false" \l
"codes-id00010126178#codes-id00010126178"  11.6.1
(4)                                  
                                    
                                    
 

11.6.2 Vessels. Any ship, barge, or other vessel permanently fixed to a
foundation or mooring, or unable to get underway by means of its own
power, and occupied for purposes other than navigation shall be subject
to the requirements of this Code that apply to buildings of similar
occupancy. 

	Both cover new & existing buildings.

Both cover vehicles & vessels when immobile.

1910.38 and 1910.39 are not part of this analysis.

101 protection is equivalent to Subpart E

1910.34(b) 

Exits routes are covered. 

The rules in §§ 1910.34 through 1910.39 cover the minimum requirements
for exit routes that employers must provide in their workplace so that
employees may evacuate the workplace safely during an emergency.
Sections 1910.34 through 1910.39 also cover the minimum requirements for
emergency action plans and fire prevention plans.

	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150582',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010122083')"  1.2*  Purpose. 

The purpose of this Code is to provide minimum requirements, with due
regard to function, for the design, operation, and maintenance of
buildings and structures for safety to life from fire. Its provisions
will also aid life safety in similar emergencies. 

	Both cover fire and other emergencies, however 101 coverage extends to
features other than exit routes and is therefore more comprehensive than
E.

1910.38 and 1910.39 are not part of this analysis.

E does not mention accessible means of egress implicitly. NFPA 101
covers this in Section 7.5.4.

101 protection exceeds Subpart E

1910.34(c) 

Definitions. 

Electroluminescent means a light-emitting capacitor. Alternating current
excites phosphor atoms when placed between the electrically conductive
surfaces to produce light. This light source is typically contained
inside the device.

  	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150582',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010122405')"  3.3.57*  Electroluminescent. Refers to a
light-emitting capacitor in which alternating current excites phosphor
atoms placed between electrically conductive surfaces and produces
light. 

A.3.3.57 Electroluminescent. This light source is typically contained
inside the device. 

	Not used at all in 101 MOE chapter 7.

E uses term in 1910.37(b)(6).

101 definition is equivalent to Subpart E

Exit means that portion of an exit route that is generally separated
from other areas to provide a protected way of travel to the exit
discharge. An example of an exit is a two-hour fire resistance-rated
enclosed stairway that leads from the fifth floor of an office building
to the outside of the building. 

	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150582',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010122447')"  3.3.70*  Exit. That portion of a means of
egress that is separated from all other spaces of a building or
structure by construction or equipment as required to provide a
protected way of travel to the exit discharge. 

A.3.3.70 Exit. Exits include exterior exit doors, exit passageways,
horizontal exits, exit stairs, and exit ramps. In the case of a
stairway, the exit includes the stair enclosure, the door to the stair
enclosure, stairs and landings inside the enclosure, the door from the
stair enclosure to the outside or to the level of exit discharge, and
any exit passageway and its associated doors, if such are provided, so
as to discharge the stair directly to the outside. In the case of a door
leading directly from the street floor to the street or open air, the
exit comprises only the door. 

Doors of small individual rooms, as in hotels, while constituting exit
access from the room, are not referred to as exits, except where they
lead directly to the outside of the building from the street floor. 
101 does not use the undefined term “generally” – it is noted in
NFPA’s Manual of Style as a possible unenforceable and vague term to
be avoided in their standards.

101 definition is equivalent to Subpart E

Exit access means that portion of an exit route that leads to an exit.
An example of an exit access is a corridor on the fifth floor of an
office building that leads to a two-hour fire resistance-rated enclosed
stairway (the Exit). 

	3.3.71 Exit Access. That portion of a means of egress that leads to an
exit. 

	

101 definition is equivalent to Subpart E



Exit discharge means the part of the exit route that leads directly
outside or to a street, walkway, refuge area, public way, or open space
with access to the outside. An example of an exit discharge is a door at
the bottom of a two-hour fire resistance-rated enclosed stairway that
discharges to a place of safety outside the building. 	3.3.72 Exit
Discharge. That portion of a means of egress between the termination of
an exit and a public way. 

	101 only allows exit discharge to end at public way (with the exception
of areas of refuge in detention & correctional occupancies – 7.7.1.4),
and is therefore more protective.

Literal application of the OSHA definition allows an exit route to end
in a walkway, courtyard, or refuge area even if employees cannot get
from there to a public way.

101 protection exceeds Subpart E

Exit route means a continuous and unobstructed path of exit travel from
any point within a workplace to a place of safety (including refuge
areas). An exit route consists of three parts: The exit access; the
exit; and, the exit discharge. (An exit route includes all vertical and
horizontal areas along the route.)	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150582',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010122674')"  3.3.151*  Means of Egress. A continuous and
unobstructed way of travel from any point in a building or structure to
a public way consisting of three separate and distinct parts: (1) the
exit access, (2) the exit, and (3) the exit discharge. 

A.3.3.151 Means of Egress. A means of egress comprises the vertical and
horizontal travel and includes intervening room spaces, doorways,
hallways, corridors, passageways, balconies, ramps, stairs, elevators,
enclosures, lobbies, escalators, horizontal exits, courts, and yards. 

	OSHA changed the term MOE to Exit Routes in 2002 plain language update.


101 is more protective by virtue of the difference in definition of the
exit discharge component (see above).

101 protection exceeds Subpart E

High hazard area means an area inside a workplace in which operations
include high hazard materials, processes, or contents.

	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150582',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010122760')"  3.3.168.8.2*  High Hazard Industrial Occupancy.
An industrial occupancy in which industrial operations that include high
hazard materials, processes, or contents are conducted. 

A.3.3.168.8.2 High Hazard Industrial Occupancy. A high hazard industrial
occupancy includes occupancies where gasoline and other flammable
liquids are handled, used, or stored under such conditions that involve
possible release of flammable vapors; where grain dust, wood flour or
plastic dust, aluminum or magnesium dust, or other explosive dusts are
produced; where hazardous chemicals or explosives are manufactured,
stored, or handled; where materials are processed or handled under
conditions that might produce flammable flyings; and where other
situations of similar hazard exist. Chapters   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151150',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010136245')"  40  and   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151297',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010136454')"  42  include detailed provisions on high hazard
industrial and storage occupancies. 	

101 definition is equivalent to Subpart E

Occupant load means the total number of persons that may occupy a
workplace or portion of a workplace at any one time. The occupant load
of a workplace is calculated by dividing the gross floor area of the
workplace or portion of a workplace by the occupant load factor for that
particular type of workplace occupancy. Information regarding "Occupant
load" is located in NFPA 101-2000, Life Safety Code. 	3.3.144.2 Occupant
Load. The total number of persons that might occupy a building or
portion thereof at any one time. [5000, 2006] 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151266',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010124656')"  7.3.1.2*  Occupant Load Factor. The occupant
load in any building or portion thereof shall be not less than the
number of persons determined by dividing the floor area assigned to that
use by the occupant load factor for that use as specified in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140999-001&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124645#codes-id00010124645"  Table 7.3.1.2 ,   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140999-001&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124655#codes-id00010124655"  Figure 7.3.1.2(a) , and  
HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140999-001&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124654#codes-id00010124654"  Figure 7.3.1.2(b) . Where
both gross and net area figures are given for the same occupancy,
calculations shall be made by applying the gross area figure to the
gross area of the portion of the building devoted to the use for which
the gross area figure is specified and by applying the net area figure
to the net area of the portion of the building devoted to the use for
which the net area figure is specified. 

 

	OSHA’s definition combines 101’s Chapt. 3 definition and Chapt. 7
requirement.

101 uses net instead of gross for educational & assembly occupancies,
which would yield lower occupant load and smaller exits. However,
1910.36(f) would limit the occupant load proportionally.

The table of occupant load factors vs. use is not reproduced here. No
load factors are given for storage or special purpose industrial –
load for these two is based on “probable number of occupants” –
performance language similar to E.

101 definition is commensurate with Subpart E

Refuge area means either:

(1) A space along an exit route that is protected from the effects of
fire by separation from other spaces within the building by a barrier
with at least a one-hour fire resistance-rating; or 

(2) A floor with at least two spaces, separated from each other by
smoke-resistant partitions, in a building protected throughout by an
automatic sprinkler system that complies with § 1910.159 of this part.

	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150582',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010122236')"  3.3.18*  Area of Refuge. An area that is either


(2) a space located in a path of travel leading to a public way that is
protected from the effects of fire, either by means of separation from
other spaces in the same building or by virtue of location, thereby
permitting a delay in egress travel from any level. 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151266',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010124579')"  7.2.12.3.4*  Each area of refuge shall be
separated from the remainder of the story by a barrier with not less
than a 1-hour fire resistance rating, unless one of the following
criteria applies: 

(1)      A greater rating is required in other provisions of this
Code. 

(2)      The barrier is an existing barrier with a minimum
30-minute fire resistance rating.    

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150582',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010122236')"  3.3.18*  Area of Refuge (continued)

(1) a story in a building where the building is protected throughout by
an approved, supervised automatic sprinkler system and has not less than
two accessible rooms or spaces separated from each other by
smoke-resisting partitions; or

  	OSHA’s definition combines 101 Chapter 3 definition and 101
Chapter 7 requirement.

Exception for existing buildings is mitigated by compensatory features
in 7.2.12, including elevator protection, communication system, door
features, and penetration protection.

101 definition is commensurate with Subpart E

Self-luminous means a light source that is illuminated by a
self-contained power source (e.g., tritium) and that operates
independently from external power sources. Batteries are not acceptable
self-contained power sources. The light source is typically contained
inside the device.

	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150582',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010122898')"  3.3.211*  Self-Luminous. Illuminated by a
self-contained power source and operated independently of external power
sources. 

A.3.3.211 Self-Luminous. An example of a self-contained power source is
tritium gas. Batteries do not qualify as a self-contained power source.
The light source is typically contained inside the device. 

	A portion of E wording is in 101 annex.

101 definition is equivalent to Subpart E



1910.36(a) 

Basic requirements. Exit routes must meet the following design and
construction requirements:

	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150961',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010123707')"  7.1.1*  Application. Means of egress for both
new and existing buildings shall comply with this chapter. (See also  
HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140013',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010123090')"  4.5.3 .)  

	

101 definition is equivalent to Subpart E

1910.36(a)(1) 

An exit route must be permanent. Each exit route must be a permanent
part of the workplace.

	7.2.2 Stairs. 

7.2.2.3.1.1 All stairs serving as required means of egress shall be of
permanent fixed construction, unless they are stairs serving seating
that is designed to be repositioned in accordance with Chapter  
HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0142346',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010126440')"  12  and Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0143136',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010127404')"  13 . 

7.2.5.3 Ramp Details. 

7.2.5.3.1 Construction. Ramp construction shall be as follows: 

(1)      All ramps serving as required means of egress shall be of
permanent fixed construction. 

7.1.10 Means of Egress Reliability. 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150961',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010123790')"  7.1.10.1*  General. Means of egress shall be
continuously maintained free of all obstructions or impediments to full
instant use in the case of fire or other emergency. 

	E does not define permanent.

101 includes the word permanent in the provisions for stairs & ramps.

Permanence for other features is covered by reliability section of 101.

101 definition is equivalent to Subpart E

1910.36(a)(2) 

An exit must be separated by fire resistant materials. Construction
materials used to separate an exit from other parts of the workplace
must have a one-hour fire resistance-rating if the exit connects three
or fewer stories and a two-hour fire resistance-rating if the exit
connects four or more stories.

	7.1.3.2.1 Where this Code requires an exit to be separated from other
parts of the building, the separating construction shall meet the
requirements of Section   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141417',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010125144')"  8.2  and the
following:                               
                                    
                                    
                                    
                     

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150961',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010137399')"  (1)*       The separation shall have not
less than a 1-hour fire resistance rating where the exit connects three
stories or less. 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150961',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010137407')"  (2)*       The separation shall have not
less than a 2-hour fire resistance rating where the exit connects four
or more stories, unless one of the following conditions exists . . .

(3)      The 2-hour fire resistance–rated separation required by 
 HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140344&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010101716#codes-id00010101716"  7.1.3.2.1 (2) shall be
constructed of an assembly of noncombustible or limited-combustible
materials and shall be supported by construction having not less than a
2-hour fire resistance rating. In Type III, Type IV, and Type V
construction, fire-retardant-treated wood enclosed in noncombustible or
limited-combustible materials shall be permitted. 	101 has specific
provisions that are less stringent, but contain compensatory features.
Others are found in 7.2.2.5.1.3 (two story bldgs.) and 7.2.2.6.3.1
(outside stairs).

All Three exceptions to item (2) include compensatory features such as
sprinkler systems, sprinkler supervision, and standpipe systems.

Additionally, 101 addresses the enclosure of vertical openings that are
not exits (8.6) and rating of exit access corridors (7.1.3.1).

101 protection is commensurate with Subpart E

1910.36(a)(3) 

Openings into an exit must be limited. An exit is permitted to have only
those openings necessary to allow access to the exit from occupied areas
of the workplace, or to the exit discharge. 

An opening into an exit must be protected by a self-closing fire door 

that remains closed or automatically closes in an emergency upon the
sounding of a fire alarm or employee alarm system. 

Each fire door, including its frame and hardware, must be listed or
approved by a nationally recognized testing laboratory. Section
1910.155(c)(3)(iv)(A) of this part defines "listed" and § 1910.7 of
this part defines a "nationally recognized testing laboratory."

	7.1.3.2.1 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150961',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010123720')"  (5)*       Openings in exit enclosures
shall be limited to doors from normally occupied spaces and corridors
and doors for egress from the enclosure, unless one of the following
conditions
exists:                                
                                    
                                    
           

                                    
         

 (4)      Openings in the separation shall be protected by fire
door assemblies equipped with door closers complying with   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140344&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010123960#codes-id00010123960"  7.2.1.8 . 

7.2.1.8 Self-Closing Devices. 

7.2.1.8.2 In any building of low or ordinary hazard contents, as defined
in   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140331',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010123689')"  6.2.2.2  and   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140331',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010123693')"  6.2.2.3 , or where approved by the authority
having jurisdiction, doors shall be permitted to be automatic-closing,
provided that the following criteria are met: 

(1)      Upon release of the hold-open mechanism, the door becomes
self-closing. 

(2)      The release device is designed so that the door instantly
releases manually and, upon release, becomes self-closing, or the door
can be readily closed. 

(3)      The automatic releasing mechanism or medium is activated
by the operation of approved smoke detectors installed in accordance
with the requirements for smoke detectors for door release service in  
HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0050-0099/0072',%20'',%20'codes-nfc72')
"  NFPA 72 , National Fire Alarm Code. 

(4)      Upon loss of power to the hold-open device, the hold-open
mechanism is released and the door becomes self-closing. 

(5)      The release by means of smoke detection of one door in a
stair enclosure results in closing all doors serving that
stair.                                 
                                    
                                    
   

8.3.3 Fire Doors and Windows. 

8.3.3.1 Openings required to have a fire protection rating by  
HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141417&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010125235#codes-id00010125235"  Table 8.3.4.2  shall be
protected by approved, listed, labeled fire door assemblies and fire
window assemblies and their accompanying hardware, including all frames,
closing devices, anchorage, and sills in accordance with the
requirements of   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0050-0099/0080',%20'',%20'codes-nfc80')
"  NFPA 80 , Standard for Fire Doors and Fire Windows, except as
otherwise specified in this Code.  

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151408',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010125207')"  8.3.3.2*  Fire protection ratings for products
required to comply with   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141417&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010125202#codes-id00010125202"  8.3.3  shall be as determined
and reported by a nationally recognized testing agency in accordance
with   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0200-0299/0252',%20'',%20'codes-nfc252'
)"  NFPA 252 , Standard Methods of Fire Tests of Door Assemblies; ASTM E
2074, Standard Test Method for Fire Tests of Door Assemblies, Including
Positive Pressure Testing of Side-Hinged and Pivoted Swinging Door
Assemblies; UL 10B, Standard for Fire Tests of Door Assemblies; or UL
10C, Standard for Positive Pressure Fire Tests of Door Assemblies; or  
HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0200-0299/0257',%20'',%20'codes-nfc257'
)"  NFPA 257 , Standard on Fire Test for Window and Glass Block
Assemblies; ASTM E 2010, Standard Test Method for Positive Pressure Fire
Tests of Window Assemblies; or UL 9, Standard for Fire Tests of Window
Assemblies.  

	

All three exceptions to item (5) contain compensatory features such as
limits on combustibles, sprinkler protection, and rated penetration
seals.

101 covers the rating of doors in exit enclosures in 8.3.4, while E is
silent on rating.

101 limits the auto closing feature to low or ordinary hazard, while E
allows it without limitation.

101 requires smoke detection activation, while E allows any fire alarm
activation (could be manual, heat, or sprinkler).

101 addresses fire windows in addition to fire doors.

101 specifies test method in addition to NTRL.

101 protection is commensurate with or exceeds Subpart E

  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0036&src_anchor_name=1910.36(b)"  1910.36(b)  

The number of exit routes must be adequate.

	4.5.3.1 Number of Means of Egress. Two means of egress, as a minimum,
shall be provided in every building or structure, section, and area
where size, occupancy, and arrangement endanger occupants attempting to
use a single means of egress that is blocked by fire or smoke. 

	

101 protection is equivalent to Subpart E, in conjunction with sections
below

1910.36(b)(1) 

Two exit routes. At least two exit routes must be available in a
workplace to permit prompt evacuation of employees and other building
occupants during an emergency, except as allowed in paragraph (b)(3) of
this section. 

The exit routes must be located as far away as practical from each other
so that if one exit route is blocked by fire or smoke, employees can
evacuate using the second exit route.

	7.4.1.1 The number of means of egress from any balcony, mezzanine,
story, or portion thereof shall be not less than two, except under one
of the following conditions: 

             [See 1910.36(b)(3) for exceptions]

7.4.1.1 The number of means of egress from any balcony, mezzanine,
story, or portion thereof shall be not less than two, except under one
of the following conditions: 

(1)      Where a single means of egress is permitted in Chapter  
HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0142025',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010125992')"  11  through Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150126',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010136454')"  42  

(2)      Where a single means of egress is permitted for a
mezzanine or balcony and the common path of travel limitations of
Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0142346',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010126440')"  12  through Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150126',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010136454')"  42  are
met                                  
                          

                                    
              

7.5.1.1 Exits shall be located and exit access shall be arranged so that
exits are readily accessible at all times. 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151380',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010124723')"  7.5.1.1.1*  Where exits are not immediately
accessible from an open floor area, continuous passageways, aisles, or
corridors leading directly to every exit shall be maintained and shall
be arranged to provide access for each occupant to not less than two
exits by separate ways of travel, unless otherwise provided in  
HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124727#codes-id00010124727"  7.5.1.1.3  and   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124729#codes-id00010124729"  7.5.1.1.4 . 

7.5.1.1.2 Exit access corridors shall provide access to not less than
two approved exits, unless otherwise provided in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124727#codes-id00010124727"  7.5.1.1.3  and   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124729#codes-id00010124729"  7.5.1.1.4 . 

7.5.1.1.3 The requirements of   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124721#codes-id00010124721"  7.5.1.1.1  and   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124725#codes-id00010124725"  7.5.1.1.2  shall not apply
where a single exit is permitted in Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0142346',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010126440')"  12  through Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150126',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010136454')"  42 . 

7.5.1.1.4 Where common paths of travel are permitted for an occupancy in
Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0142346',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010126440')"  12  through Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150126',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010136454')"  42 , such common paths of travel shall be
permitted but shall not exceed the limit specified. 

7.5.1.3.1 Where more than one exit is required from a building or
portion thereof, such exits shall be remotely located from each other
and shall be arranged and constructed to minimize the possibility that
more than one has the potential to be blocked by any one fire or other
emergency condition. 

7.5.1.3.5 In existing buildings, where more than one exit or exit access
door is required, such exits or exit access doors shall be permitted to
be remotely located in accordance with   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124739#codes-id00010124739"  7.5.1.3.1 . 

	This one paragraph of E combines three concepts: number of exits,
common path of exit access, and remoteness of exits.

101 additional provisions for remoteness include the ½ rule for
unsprinklered (7.5.1.3.2) and the 1/3 rule for sprinklered (7.5.1.3.3).

Additionally, 101 addresses travel distance in 7.6, while E is silent on
this concept.

101 protection is commensurate with or exceeds Subpart E

1910.36(b)(2) 

More than two exit routes. More than two exit routes must be available
in a workplace if the number of employees, the size of the building, its
occupancy, or the arrangement of the workplace is such that all
employees would not be able to evacuate safely during an emergency.
7.4.1.2 The number of means of egress from any story or portion thereof,
other than for existing buildings as permitted in Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0142346',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010126440')"  12  through Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150126',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010136454')"  42 , shall be as follows: 

(1)      Occupant load more than 500 but not more than 1000 — not
less than 3 

(2)      Occupant load more than 1000 — not less than
4                                   
                                    
                                    
                 

	

101 specifies occupant load thresholds for 3 and 4 exits, while E uses
performance language.

101 protection is commensurate with Subpart E

1910.36(b)(3) 

A single exit route. A single exit route is permitted where the number
of employees, the size of the building, its occupancy, or the
arrangement of the workplace is such that all employees would be able to
evacuate safely during an emergency. 

Note to paragraph 1910.36(b): For assistance in determining the number
of exit routes necessary for your workplace, consult NFPA 101-2000, Life
Safety Code.	7.4.1.1 The number of means of egress from any balcony,
mezzanine, story, or portion thereof shall be not less than two, except
under one of the following conditions: 

(1)      Where a single means of egress is permitted in Chapter  
HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0142025',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010125992')"  11  through Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150126',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010136454')"  42  

(2)      Where a single means of egress is permitted for a
mezzanine or balcony and the common path of travel limitations of
Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0142346',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010126440')"  12  through Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150126',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010136454')"  42  are
met                                  
                                

                                    
                    

	

Occupancy chapters specify the thresholds and compensatory provisions
that are alluded to by the E performance language.

101 protection is commensurate with Subpart E

  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0036&src_anchor_name=1910.36(b)"  1910.36(c)  

Exit discharge.



Title only – requirements follow



  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0036&src_anchor_name=1910.36(c)(1)" 
1910.36(c)(1)  

Each exit discharge must lead directly outside or to a street, walkway,
refuge area, public way, or open space with access to the outside.

	7.7 Discharge from Exits. 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151408',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010124875')"  7.7.1*  Exit Termination. Exits shall terminate
directly, at a public way or at an exterior exit discharge, unless
otherwise provided in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124881#codes-id00010124881"  7.7.1.2  through   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124885#codes-id00010124885"  7.7.1.4 . 

7.7.1.2 The requirement of   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010102873#codes-id00010102873"  7.7.1  shall not apply to
interior exit discharge as otherwise provided in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010102887#codes-id00010102887"  7.7.2 . 

7.7.1.3 The requirement of   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010102873#codes-id00010102873"  7.7.1  shall not apply to
rooftop exit discharge as otherwise provided in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124909#codes-id00010124909"  7.7.6 . 

7.7.1.4 Means of egress shall be permitted to terminate in an exterior
area of refuge for detention and correctional occupancies as otherwise
provided in Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0146471',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010131463')"  22  and Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0146838',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010131969')"  23 . 

	Additionally, 101 addresses discharge through level of exit discharge
(7.7.2) or over roofs (7.7.6).

Literal application of E would not allow the commonly used option of
discharge through level of exit discharge…… and would allow an exit
route to end in a walkway, courtyard, or refuge area even if employees
cannot get from there to a public way.

101 protection is commensurate with Subpart E

  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0036&src_anchor_name=1910.36(c)(2)" 
1910.36(c)(2)  

The street, walkway, refuge area, public way, or open space to which an
exit discharge leads must be large enough to accommodate the building
occupants likely to use the exit route.

	7.7.1.1 Yards, courts, open spaces, or other portions of the exit
discharge shall be of the required width and size to provide all
occupants with a safe access to a public way. 

	Street is large enough under 101 definition (3.3.238). For others
listed in E, 101 requires public way access.

E does not define “large enough” or “likely”.

101 protection is equivalent to Subpart E

1910.36(c)(3) 

Exit stairs that continue beyond the level on which the exit discharge
is located must be interrupted at that level by doors, partitions, or
other effective means that clearly indicate the direction of travel
leading to the exit discharge. 	7.7.3 Arrangement and Marking of Exit
Discharge. . . . .. Stairs that continue more than one-half story beyond
the level of exit discharge shall be interrupted at the level of exit
discharge by partitions, doors, or other effective means. 

	101 sets the threshold for an interruption barrier at ½ story, while E
uses performance language.

101 protection is commensurate with Subpart E

  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0036&src_anchor_name=1910.36(d)"  1910.36(d)  

An exit door must be unlocked.

	7.2.1.5 Locks, Latches, and Alarm Devices. 	Title only –
requirements follow

  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0036&src_anchor_name=1910.36(d)(1)" 
1910.36(d)(1)  

Employees must be able to open an exit route door from the inside at all
times without keys, tools, or special knowledge. A device such as a
panic bar that locks only from the outside is permitted on exit
discharge doors.	

7.2.1.5.1 Doors shall be arranged to be opened readily from the egress
side whenever the building is occupied. 

7.2.1.5.2 Locks, if provided, shall not require the use of a key, a
tool, or special knowledge or effort for operation from the egress
side. 

	

The 101 wording “egress side” is more protective than OSHA’s
“inside” for courtyard situations.

101 addresses panic hardware details in 7.2.1.7 and requires its use in
high risk occupancies, while E only allows its use.

101 protection exceeds Subpart E



  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0036&src_anchor_name=1910.36(d)(2)" 
1910.36(d)(2)  

Exit route doors must be free of any device or alarm that could restrict
emergency use of the exit route if the device or alarm fails.

	7.1.9 Impediments to Egress. Any device or alarm installed to restrict
the improper use of a means of egress shall be designed and installed so
that it cannot, even in case of failure, impede or prevent emergency use
of such means of egress, unless otherwise provided in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140344&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010101939#codes-id00010101939"  7.2.1.6  and Chapters  
HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0144880',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010129585')"  18 ,   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0145445',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010130229')"  19 ,   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0146471',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010131463')"  22 , and   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0146838',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010131969')"  23 . 

	Additionally, 101 goes on to address in detail power operated doors,
delayed egress locks and access controlled doors, rather than the
performance language used in E.

101 protection is commensurate with Subpart E 



1910.36(d)(3) 

An exit route door may be locked from the inside only in mental, penal,
or correctional facilities and then only if supervisory personnel are
continuously on duty and the employer has a plan to remove occupants
from the facility during an emergency.	7.2.1.5.3 The requirements of  
HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140344&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010123895#codes-id00010123895"  7.2.1.5.1  and   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140344&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010123897#codes-id00010123897"  7.2.1.5.2  shall not apply
where otherwise provided in Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0144880',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010129585')"  18  through Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0146838',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010131969')"  23 . 

Chapters 18 & 19 Health Care

Chapters 20 & 21 Ambulatory Health Care

Chapters 22 & 23 Detention & Correction 

	Chapters 18-23 correspond to the facility types listed in E. All of
these chapters have compensatory staff operating procedures.

Additionally, 101 goes on to address stair re-entry in 7.2.1.5.7. 

101 protection is commensurate with Subpart E

1910.36(e) 

A side-hinged exit door must be used.



Title only – requirements follow

1910.36(e)(1) 

A side-hinged door must be used to connect any room to an exit route.

	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150961',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010123853')"  7.2.1.4.1*  Any door in a means of egress shall
be of the side-hinged or pivoted-swinging type, and shall be installed
to be capable of swinging from any position to the full required width
of the opening in which it is installed, unless otherwise specified in  
HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140344&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010123856#codes-id00010123856"  7.2.1.4.1.1  through  
HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140344&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010123870#codes-id00010123870"  7.2.1.4.1.9 .  

	Additionally, 101 goes on to address width during a door’s swing, as
well as revolving doors (which would be precluded by literal application
of E).

101 protection is commensurate with Subpart E

1910.36(e)(2) 

The door that connects any room to an exit route must swing out in the
direction of exit travel if the room is designed to be occupied by more
than 50 people

 or if the room is a high hazard area (i.e., contains contents that are
likely to burn with extreme rapidity or explode).

	7.2.1.4.2 Doors required to be of the side-hinged or pivoted-swinging
type shall swing in the direction of egress travel where serving a room
or area with an occupant load of 50 or more, except under the following
conditions: 

(1)      Doors in horizontal exits shall not be required to swing
in the direction of egress travel where permitted by   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140685',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010124336')"  7.2.4.3.7.1  or   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140685',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010124338')"  7.2.4.3.7.2 . 

(2)      Smoke barrier doors shall not be required to swing in the
direction of egress travel in existing health care occupancies as
provided in Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0145445',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010130229')"  19
.                                   
                                    
                                  

7.2.1.4.3 A door shall swing in the direction of egress travel under
either of the following conditions: 

(1)      Where the door is used in an exit enclosure, unless the
door is the door of an individual living unit that opens directly into
an exit enclosure 

(2)      Where the door serves a high hazard contents
area                                  
                                    
                                    
  	101 is slightly more protective (when the occupant load is exactly
50).

101 has compensatory staff operating procedures in occupancy chapters.

101 provision applies to all exit enclosures, while E applies only to
those served by > 50 occupants.

Additionally, 101 goes on to address door force limits in 7.2.1.4.5.

101 protection exceeds Subpart E



1910.36(f) 

The capacity of an exit route must be adequate.

Title only – requirements follow

1910.36(f)(1) 

Exit routes must support the maximum permitted occupant load for each
floor served.

	7.3.1.1 Sufficient Capacity for Occupant Load. The total capacity of
the means of egress for any story, balcony, tier, or other occupied
space shall be sufficient for the occupant load thereof. 

7.3.3 Egress Capacity. 

7.3.3.1 Egress capacity for approved components of means of egress shall
be based on the capacity factors shown in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010102682#codes-id00010102682"  Table 7.3.3.1 . 

	101 table 7.3.3.1 gives specific egress width factors depending on
occupancy type and sprinkler protection.

101 protection is commensurate with Subpart E



1910.36(f)(2) 

The capacity of an exit route may not decrease in the direction of exit
route travel to the exit discharge. 

Note to paragraph 1910.36(f): Information regarding "Occupant load" is
located in NFPA 101-2000, Life Safety Code.

	

7.3.4.2 Where a single exit access leads to an exit, its capacity in
terms of width shall be not less than the required capacity of the exit
to which it leads. 

7.3.4.3 Where more than one exit access leads to an exit, each shall
have a width adequate for the number of persons it accommodates. 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151266',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010124656')"  7.3.1.2*  Occupant Load Factor. The occupant
load in any building or portion thereof shall be not less than the
number of persons determined by dividing the floor area assigned to that
use by the occupant load factor for that use as specified in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140999-001&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124645#codes-id00010124645"  Table 7.3.1.2 ,   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140999-001&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124655#codes-id00010124655"  Figure 7.3.1.2(a) , and  
HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140999-001&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124654#codes-id00010124654"  Figure 7.3.1.2(b) .	

101 protection is equivalent to Subpart E



1910.36(g) 

An exit route must meet minimum height and width requirements.



Title only – requirements follow

  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0036&src_anchor_name=1910.36(g)(1)" 
1910.36(g)(1)  

The ceiling of an exit route must be at least seven feet six inches (2.3
m) high. Any projection from the ceiling must not reach a point less
than six feet eight inches (2.0 m) from the floor.

	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150961',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010123738')"  7.1.5*  Headroom. 

7.1.5.1 Means of egress shall be designed and maintained to provide
headroom in accordance with other sections of this Code, and such
headroom shall be not less than 7 ft 6 in. (2285 mm), with projections
from the ceiling not less than 6 ft 8 in. (2030 mm) nominal above the
finished floor, unless otherwise specified in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140344&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010123742#codes-id00010123742"  7.1.5.1.1  and   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140344&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010123744#codes-id00010123744"  7.1.5.1.2 . 

7.1.5.1.1 In existing buildings, the ceiling height shall be not less
than 7 ft (2135 mm) from the floor, with projections from the ceiling
not less than 6 ft 8 in. (2030 mm) nominal above the floor. 

7.1.5.1.2 Headroom in industrial equipment access areas as provided in  
HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0149979',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010136357')"  40.2.5.2  shall be permitted. 

	101 has specific, less stringent  provisions for headroom & projections
in existing buildings, industrial occupancies (40.2.5.2), stairs, and
rooms with varying ceiling height. Literal application of E would
preclude these common features.

101 protection is commensurate with Subpart E

  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0036&src_anchor_name=1910.36(g)(2)" 
1910.36(g)(2)  

An exit access must be at least 28 inches (71.1 cm) wide at all points. 

Where there is only one exit access leading to an exit or exit
discharge, the width of the exit and exit discharge must be at least
equal to the width of the exit access.

	7.3.4 Minimum Width. 

                     

7.3.4.1.2 In existing buildings, the width of exit access shall be
permitted to be not less than 28 in. (710 mm). 

7.3.4.2 Where a single exit access leads to an exit, its capacity in
terms of width shall be not less than the required capacity of the exit
to which it leads. 

	101 basic requirement is 36” (7.3.4.1) – more protective.

101 has specific provisions for furniture and movable partitions
(7.3.4.1.1).

101 has specific, less stringent  provisions for width for industrial
equip access (40.2.5.2), but a compensatory limit on occupant load.

101 protection exceeds or is commensurate with Subpart E

  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0036&src_anchor_name=1910.36(g)(2)" 
1910.36(g)(3)  

The width of an exit route must be sufficient to accommodate the maximum
permitted occupant load of each floor served by the exit route.	7.3.1.4
Exits Serving More than One Story. Where an exit serves more than one
story, only the occupant load of each story considered individually
shall be used in computing the required capacity of the exit at that
story, provided that the required egress capacity of the exit is not
decreased in the direction of egress travel. 

	101 is more stringent in situations with convergence from above &
below, balconies, or mezzanines.

101 protection exceeds with Subpart E

1910.36(g)(4) 

Objects that project into the exit route must not reduce the width of
the exit route to less than the minimum width requirements for exit
routes.

	7.3.2 Measurement of Means of Egress. 

7.3.2.1 The width of means of egress shall be measured in the clear at
the narrowest point of the egress component under consideration, unless
otherwise provided in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010102677#codes-id00010102677"  7.3.2.2  or   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010143362#codes-id00010143362"  7.3.2.3 . 

  in. (114 mm) on each side shall be permitted at a height of 38 in.
(965 mm) and below. 

7.3.2.3 In health care and ambulatory health care occupancies,
projections shall be permitted in corridors in accordance with Chapter  
HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0144880',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010129585')"  18  through Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0146237',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010131157')"  21 . 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150961',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010123822')"  7.2.1.2.3*  Measurement. 

7.2.1.2.3.1 For purposes of determining minimum door width, the clear
width shall be used unless door leaf width is specified. 

7.2.1.2.3.2 For swinging doors, projections of not more than 4 in. (100
mm) into the doorway width on the hinge side shall not be considered
reductions in width, provided that such projections are for purposes of
accommodating panic hardware or fire exit hardware and are located not
less than 34 in. (865 mm) above the floor. 

7.2.1.2.3.3   Projections exceeding 6 ft 8 in. (2030 mm) above the
floor shall not be considered reductions in width. 	101 contains
allowances for knobs, handrails, door closers, etc., while E is silent.
However, the basic 101 corridor width requirements in 7.3.4 are more
stringent than E and would result in wider corridors even with these
allowances.

101 protection is commensurate with Subpart E

1910.36(h) 

An outdoor exit route is permitted. Each outdoor exit route must meet
the minimum height and width requirements for indoor exit routes and
must also meet the following requirements:

	7.5.3 Exterior Ways of Exit Access. 

7.5.3.1 Exit access shall be permitted to be by means of any exterior
balcony, porch, gallery, or roof that conforms to the requirements of
this chapter. 

7.2.2.6 Special Provisions for Outside Stairs. 

7.2.2.6.1 Access. Where approved by the authority having jurisdiction,
outside stairs shall be permitted to lead to roofs of other sections of
a building or an adjoining building where the construction is fire
resistive and there is a continuous and safe means of egress from the
roof. (See also   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010124909')"  7.7.6 .) 

	

101 treats exterior egress height & width the same as interior.

101 protection exceeds Subpart E



1910.36(h)(1) 

The outdoor exit route must have guardrails to protect unenclosed sides
if a fall hazard exists.

	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150961',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010123783')"  7.1.8*  Guards. Guards in accordance with  
HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140685',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010102112')"  7.2.2.4  shall be provided at the open sides of
means of egress that exceed 30 in. (760 mm) above the floor or grade
below. 

	101 requires guards for both indoor and outdoor exit routes.

101 protection exceeds Subpart E

1910.36(h)(2) 

The outdoor exit route must be covered if snow or ice is likely to
accumulate along the route, unless the employer can demonstrate that any
snow or ice accumulation will be removed before it presents a slipping
hazard.

	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150961',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010123790')"  7.1.10.1*  General. Means of egress shall be
continuously maintained free of all obstructions or impediments to full
instant use in the case of fire or other emergency. 

A.7.1.10.1 A proper means of egress allows unobstructed travel at all
times. Any type of barrier including, but not limited to, the
accumulations of snow and ice in those climates subject to such
accumulations is an impediment to free movement in the means of
egress. 	101 text is general and applies to more situations than E.

101 Annex mentions snow & ice specifically.

101 protection exceeds Subpart E

1910.36(h)(3) 

The outdoor exit route must be reasonably straight and have smooth,
solid, substantially level walkways.

	7.1.6.3 Level. 

7.1.6.3.1 Walking surfaces shall comply with the following: 

(1)      Walking surfaces shall be nominally level. 

(2)      The slope of a walking surface in the direction of travel
shall not exceed 1 in 20, unless the ramp requirements of   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140685',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010124373')"  7.2.5  are met.  

(3)      The slope perpendicular to the direction of travel shall
not exceed 1 in
48.                                  
                                    
                                    

	101 does not use the undefined terms “reasonably” and
“substantially” – they are noted in NFPA’s Manual of Style as a
possible unenforceable and vague term to be avoided in their standards.

101 provision applies indoors & outdoors.

101 protection exceeds Subpart E

1910.36(h)(4) 

The outdoor exit route must not have a dead-end that is longer than 20
feet (6.2 m).

	7.5.3.4 Exterior exit access shall be arranged so that there are no
dead ends in excess of those permitted for dead-end corridors in Chapter
  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0142025',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010125992')"  11  through Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150126',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010136454')"  42 . 

	101 addresses both indoor and outdoor dead ends. Some chapters allow
dead ends >20 ft, with compensatory protection or use limitations.

101 protection exceeds or is commensurate with Subpart E

1910.37(a) 

The danger to employees must be minimized.

Title only – requirements follow

1910.37(a)(1) 

Exit routes must be kept free of explosive or highly flammable
furnishings or other decorations.

	7.1.10.2 Furnishings and Decorations in Means of Egress. 

7.1.10.2.1 No furnishings, decorations, or other objects shall obstruct
exits, access thereto, egress therefrom, or visibility thereof. 

	101 covers obstructions other than explosives or highly flammable
items.

Additionally, 101 goes on to regulate interior finish in Chapter 10.

101 protection exceeds Subpart E

1910.37(a)(2) 

Exit routes must be arranged so that employees will not have to travel
toward a high hazard area, unless the path of travel is effectively
shielded from the high hazard area by suitable partitions or other
physical barriers.

	7.11 Special Provisions for Occupancies with High Hazard Contents. 

See Section   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140331',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010123674')"  6.2 . 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151408',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010125121')"  7.11.1*  Where the contents are classified as
high hazard, exits shall be provided and arranged to allow all occupants
to escape from the building or structure, or from the hazardous area
thereof, to the outside or to a place of safety with a travel distance
of not more than 75 ft (23 m), measured as required in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124856#codes-id00010124856"  7.6.1 , unless otherwise
provided in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010103123#codes-id00010103123"  7.11.2 . 

7.5.2 Impediments to Egress. See also   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140344',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010123785')"  7.1.9  and   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140344',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010101894')"  7.2.1.5 . 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151399',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010145233')"  7.5.2.1*  Access to an exit shall not be
through kitchens, storerooms other than as provided in Chapter  
HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0149014',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010135082')"  36  and Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0149333',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010135444')"  37 , restrooms, workrooms, closets, bedrooms
or similar spaces, or other rooms or spaces subject to locking, unless
passage through such rooms or spaces is permitted for the occupancy by
Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0144880',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010129585')"  18 ,   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0145445',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010130229')"  19 ,   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0146471',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010131463')"  22 , or   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0146838',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010131969')"  23 . 

	101 does not use the terms ‘effectively” or “suitable”, which
are both noted in NFPA’s Manual of Style as possible unenforceable and
vague terms to be avoided in their standards. E does not define these
terms.

101 protection is commensurate with Subpart E

  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0037&src_anchor_name=1910.37(a)(3)" 
1910.37(a)(3)  

Exit routes must be free and unobstructed. No materials or equipment may
be placed, either permanently or temporarily, within the exit route. 

The exit access must not go through a room that can be locked, such as a
bathroom, to reach an exit or exit discharge, nor may it lead into a
dead-end corridor. 

Stairs or a ramp must be provided where the exit route is not
substantially level.

	7.1.10 Means of Egress Reliability. 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150961',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010123790')"  7.1.10.1*  General. Means of egress shall be
continuously maintained free of all obstructions or impediments to full
instant use in the case of fire or other emergency.

7.5.2 Impediments to Egress. See also   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140344',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010123785')"  7.1.9  and   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140344',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010101894')"  7.2.1.5 . 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151399',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010145233')"  7.5.2.1*  Access to an exit shall not be
through kitchens, storerooms other than as provided in Chapter  
HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0149014',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010135082')"  36  and Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0149333',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010135444')"  37 , restrooms, workrooms, closets, bedrooms
or similar spaces, or other rooms or spaces subject to locking, unless
passage through such rooms or spaces is permitted for the occupancy by
Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0144880',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010129585')"  18 ,   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0145445',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010130229')"  19 ,   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0146471',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010131463')"  22 , or   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0146838',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010131969')"  23 . 

7.5.1.2 Corridors shall provide exit access without passing through any
intervening rooms other than corridors, lobbies, and other spaces
permitted to be open to the corridor, unless otherwise provided in  
HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124733#codes-id00010124733"  7.5.1.2.1  and   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124735#codes-id00010124735"  7.5.1.2.2 . 

7.5.1.2.1 Approved existing corridors that require passage through a
room to access an exit shall be permitted to continue to be used,
provided that the following criteria are met: 

(1)      The path of travel is marked in accordance with Section  
HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124982#codes-id00010124982"  7.10 . 

(2)      Doors to such rooms comply with   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140344',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010123802')"  7.2.1 . 

(3)      Such arrangement is not prohibited by the applicable
occupancy chapter.   

7.5.1.2.2 Corridors that are not required to be fire resistance rated
shall be permitted to discharge into open floor plan areas. 

                                    
                          

7.1.7 Changes in Level in Means of Egress. 

7.1.7.1 Changes in level in means of egress shall be achieved by an
approved means of egress where the elevation difference exceeds 21 in.
(535 mm). 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150961',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010123770')"  7.1.7.2*  Changes in level in means of egress
not in excess of 21 in. (535 mm) shall be achieved either by a ramp
complying with the requirements of   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140685',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010124373')"  7.2.5  or by a stair complying with the
requirements of   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0140344&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124027#codes-id00010124027"  7.2.2 . 	

101 exceptions contain compensatory use conditions.

101 allows MOE components other than stairs and ramps. One is more
protective (smokeproof enclosures). Others (horizontal exits, ladders,
slide escapes, and alternating tread devices) are equivalent based on
limitations on their use or they reflect new technology.

101 protection is commensurate with or exceeds Subpart E

1910.37(a)(4) 

Safeguards designed to protect employees during an emergency (e.g.,
sprinkler systems, alarm systems, fire doors, exit lighting) must be in
proper working order at all times.

	4.5.7 Maintenance. Whenever or wherever any device, equipment, system,
condition, arrangement, level of protection, or any other feature is
required for compliance with the provisions of this Code, such device,
equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of protection, or other
feature shall thereafter be maintained, unless the Code exempts such
maintenance. 

4.6.12 Maintenance, Inspection, and Testing. 

4.6.12.1 Whenever or wherever any device, equipment, system, condition,
arrangement, level of protection, fire-resistive construction, or any
other feature is required for compliance with the provisions of this
Code, such device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of
protection, fire-resistive construction, or other feature shall
thereafter be continuously maintained in accordance with applicable NFPA
requirements or requirements developed as part of a performance-based
design, or as directed by the authority having jurisdiction.  

	Together these 101 sections cover the E requirement.

101 protection is equivalent to Subpart E



  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0037&src_anchor_name=1910.37(b)"  1910.37(b)  

Lighting and marking must be adequate and appropriate.



Title only – requirements follow

1910.37(b)(1) 

Each exit route must be adequately lighted so that an employee with
normal vision can see along the exit route.

	4.5.3.3 Awareness of Egress System. Every exit shall be clearly
visible, or the route to reach every exit shall be conspicuously
indicated. Each means of egress, in its entirety, shall be arranged or
marked so that the way to a place of safety is indicated in a clear
manner. 

7.8 Illumination of Means of Egress. 

7.8.1 General. 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151408',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010124915')"  7.8.1.1*  Illumination of means of egress shall
be provided in accordance with Section   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124911#codes-id00010124911"  7.8  for every building and
structure where required in Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0142025',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010125992')"  11  through Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150126',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010136454')"  42 ……..

7.8.1.2 Illumination of means of egress shall be continuous during the
time that the conditions of occupancy require that the means of egress
be available for use, unless otherwise provided in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124921#codes-id00010124921"  7.8.1.2.2 . 

7.8.1.2.2 Automatic, motion sensor–type lighting switches shall be
permitted within the means of egress, provided that the switch
controllers are equipped for fail-safe operation, the illumination
timers are set for a minimum 15-minute duration, and the motion sensor
is activated by any occupant movement in the area served by the lighting
units. 

	101 does not use the undefined term “adequately” – it is noted in
NFPA’s Manual of Style as a possible unenforceable and vague term to
be avoided in their standards.

Additionally, 101 goes on to address emergency lighting (7.9) in
addition to ordinary illumination.

101 allows equivalent alternative based on contemporary technology.

101 protection exceeds Subpart E

1910.37(b)(2) 

Each exit must be clearly visible and marked by a sign reading "Exit."

	7.10 Marking of Means of Egress. 

7.10.1 General. 

7.10.1.1 Where Required. Means of egress shall be marked in accordance
with Section   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124982#codes-id00010124982"  7.10  where required in
Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0142025',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010125992')"  11  through Chapter   HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150126',%20'/',%2
0'codes-id00010136454')"  42 . 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151408',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010124988')"  7.10.1.2*  Exits. Exits, other than main
exterior exit doors that obviously and clearly are identifiable as
exits, shall be marked by an approved sign that is readily visible from
any direction of exit access. 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151408',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010125025')"  7.10.3*  Sign Legend. 

7.10.3.1 Signs required by   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124983#codes-id00010124983"  7.10.1  and   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010125020#codes-id00010125020"  7.10.2  shall read as follows
in plainly legible letters, or other appropriate wording shall be
used: 

EXIT 

	

The 101 occupancy chapters specify thresholds below which exit marking
would not affect life safety, rather than the performance language in E.

101 does not require marking where it would serve no purpose.

101 protection is commensurate with Subpart E



1910.37(b)(3) 

Each exit route door must be free of decorations or signs that obscure
the visibility of the exit route door.

	7.2.1.1.2 Every door and every principal entrance that is required to
serve as an exit shall be designed and constructed so that the path of
egress travel is obvious and direct. Windows that, because of their
physical configuration or design and the materials used in their
construction, have the potential to be mistaken for doors shall be made
inaccessible to the occupants by barriers or railings. 

7.1.10.2.1 No furnishings, decorations, or other objects shall obstruct
exits, access thereto, egress therefrom, or visibility thereof. 

7.1.10.2.2 No obstruction by railings, barriers, or gates shall divide
the means of egress into sections appurtenant to individual rooms,
apartments, or other occupied spaces. Where the authority having
jurisdiction finds the required path of travel to be obstructed by
furniture or other movable objects, the authority shall be permitted to
require that such objects be secured out of the way or shall be
permitted to require that railings or other permanent barriers be
installed to protect the path of travel against encroachment. 

7.1.10.2.3 Mirrors shall not be placed on exit doors. Mirrors shall not
be placed in or adjacent to any exit in such a manner as to confuse the
direction of egress. 

	101 provisions apply to egress components other than doors.

101 prohibits certain specific items.

101 protection exceeds Subpart E

  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0037&src_anchor_name=1910.37(b)(4)" 
1910.37(b)(4)  

If the direction of travel to the exit or exit discharge is not
immediately apparent, signs must be posted along the exit access
indicating the direction of travel to the nearest exit and exit
discharge. Additionally, the line-of-sight to an exit sign must clearly
be visible at all times.

	7.10.1.5.1 Access to exits shall be marked by approved, readily visible
signs in all cases where the exit or way to reach the exit is not
readily apparent to the occupants. 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151408',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010125003')"  7.10.1.5.2*  New sign placement shall be such
that no point in an exit access corridor is in excess of the rated
viewing distance or 100 ft (30 m), whichever is less, from the nearest
sign. 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151408',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010125022')"  7.10.2*  Directional Signs. A sign complying
with   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010125024#codes-id00010125024"  7.10.3  with a directional
indicator showing the direction of travel shall be placed in every
location where the direction of travel to reach the nearest exit is not
apparent. 

	

101 protection is equivalent to Subpart E



1910.37(b)(5) 

Each doorway or passage along an exit access that could be mistaken for
an exit must be marked "Not an Exit" or similar designation, or be
identified by a sign indicating its actual use (e.g., closet).

	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151408',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010125094')"  7.10.8.3*  No Exit. 

7.10.8.3.1 Any door, passage, or stairway that is neither an exit nor a
way of exit access and that is located or arranged so that it is likely
to be mistaken for an exit shall be identified by a sign that reads as
follows: 

NO 

EXIT 

	

101 protection is equivalent to Subpart E



  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0037&src_anchor_name=1910.37(b)(6)" 
1910.37(b)(6)  

Each exit sign must be illuminated to a surface value of at least five
foot-candles (54 lux) by a reliable light source and be distinctive in
color. Self-luminous or electroluminescent signs that have a minimum
luminance surface value of at least .06 footlamberts (0.21 cd/m2) are
permitted.

	7.10.5.2.1 Every sign required to be illuminated by   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010125070#codes-id00010125070"  7.10.6.3 ,   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010125078#codes-id00010125078"  7.10.7 , and   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010103086#codes-id00010103086"  7.10.8.1  shall be
continuously illuminated as required under the provisions of Section  
HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124911#codes-id00010124911"  7.8 , unless otherwise
provided in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010125049#codes-id00010125049"  7.10.5.2.2 . 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151408',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010125051')"  7.10.5.2.2*  Illumination for signs shall be
permitted to flash on and off upon activation of the fire alarm
system. 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151408',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010125072')"  7.10.6.3*  Level of Illumination. Externally
illuminated signs shall be illuminated by not less than 5 ft-candles (54
lux) at the illuminated surface and shall have a contrast ratio of not
less than 0.5. 

	101 does not address photoluminescent signs outright, but 7.10.7.1
allows listed internally illuminated signs.

The light level of internally illuminated signs is addressed by 101
through their listing (7.10.7.1).

101 protection is equivalent to Subpart E



  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0037&src_anchor_name=1910.37(b)(7)" 
1910.37(b)(7)  

Each exit sign must have the word "Exit" in plainly legible letters not
less than six inches (15.2 cm) high, with the principal strokes of the
letters in the word "Exit" not less than three-fourths of an inch (1.9
cm) wide.

	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151408',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010125025')"  7.10.3*  Sign Legend. 

7.10.3.1 Signs required by   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124983#codes-id00010124983"  7.10.1  and   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010125020#codes-id00010125020"  7.10.2  shall read as follows
in plainly legible letters, or other appropriate wording shall be
used: 

EXIT 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151408',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010125032')"  7.10.3.2*  Where approved by the authority
having jurisdiction, pictograms shall be permitted. 

7.10.6 Externally Illuminated Signs. 

  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0151408',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010125055')"  7.10.6.1*  Size of Signs. 

7.10.6.1.1 Externally illuminated signs required by   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010124983#codes-id00010124983"  7.10.1  and   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010125020#codes-id00010125020"  7.10.2 , other than approved
existing signs, unless otherwise provided in   HYPERLINK
"http://www.nfpa.org/codesonline/document.asp?action=load&scope=0&path=N
FPA/codes/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0141131&sub=" \l
"codes-id00010125059#codes-id00010125059"  7.10.6.1.2 , shall read EXIT
or shall use other appropriate wording in plainly legible letters sized
as follows: 

 in. (19 mm) wide. 

(2)      For existing signs, the required wording shall be
permitted to be in plainly legible letters not less than 4 in. (100 mm)
high. 

	

101 allows equivalent pictograms.

The graphics on internally illuminated signs are addressed by 101
through their listing (7.10.7.1).

101 addresses existing 4” lettering.

101 protection is commensurate with Subpart E



1910.37(c) 

The fire retardant properties of paints or solutions must be maintained.
Fire retardant paints or solutions must be renewed as often as necessary
to maintain their fire retardant properties.

	4.6.12 Maintenance, Inspection, and Testing. 

4.6.12.1 Whenever or wherever any device, equipment, system, condition,
arrangement, level of protection, fire-resistive construction, or any
other feature is required for compliance with the provisions of this
Code, such device, equipment, system, condition, arrangement, level of
protection, fire-resistive construction, or other feature shall
thereafter be continuously maintained in accordance with applicable NFPA
requirements or requirements developed as part of a performance-based
design, or as directed by the authority having jurisdiction.  

	101 covers much more than FR paint.

E does not require FR paint (or otherwise regulate interior finish), yet
requires the FR paint properties to be maintained.

101 protection exceeds Subpart E

1910.37(d) 

Exit routes must be maintained during construction, repairs, or
alterations.



Title only – requirements follow

1910.37(d)(1) 

During new construction, employees must not occupy a workplace until the
exit routes required by this subpart are completed and ready for
employee use for the portion of the workplace they occupy.

	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150582',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010123153')"  4.6.10.2*  In buildings under construction,
adequate escape facilities shall be maintained at all times for the use
of construction workers. Escape facilities shall consist of doors,
walkways, stairs, ramps, fire escapes, ladders, or other approved means
or devices arranged in accordance with the general principles of the
Code insofar as they can reasonably be applied to buildings under
construction. 

	

101 protection is equivalent to Subpart E



1910.37(d)(2) 

During repairs or alterations, employees must not occupy a workplace
unless the exit routes required by this subpart are available and
existing fire protections are maintained, or until alternate fire
protection is furnished that provides an equivalent level of safety.

	  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150582',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010123149')"  4.6.10.1*  Buildings, or portions of buildings,
shall be permitted to be occupied during construction, repair,
alterations, or additions only where required means of egress and
required fire protection features are in place and continuously
maintained for the portion occupied or where alternative life safety
measures acceptable to the authority having jurisdiction are in place. 

	101 extends further than E to cover construction and additions.

101 protection exceeds Subpart E



1910.37(d)(3) 

Employees must not be exposed to hazards of flammable or explosive
substances or equipment used during construction, repairs, or
alterations, that are beyond the normal permissible conditions in the
workplace, or that would impede exiting the workplace.	4.6.10.3
Flammable or explosive substances or equipment for repairs or
alterations shall be permitted in a building while the building is
occupied if the condition of use and safeguards provided do not create
any additional danger or impediment to egress beyond the normally
permissible conditions in the building. 

	

101 protection is equivalent to Subpart E



  HYPERLINK
"http://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owalink.query_links?src_doc_type=STANDA
RDS&src_unique_file=1910_0037&src_anchor_name=1910.37(e)"  1910.37(e)  

An employee alarm system must be operable. Employers must install and
maintain an operable employee alarm system that has a distinctive signal
to warn employees of fire or other emergencies, unless employees can
promptly see or smell a fire or other hazard in time to provide adequate
warning to them. The employee alarm system must comply with § 1910.165.


  HYPERLINK
"javascript:parent.loadDoc('/nfpa0100-0199/0101/codes-0150582',%20'',%20
'codes-id00010123101')"  4.5.4*  Occupant Notification. In every
building or structure of such size, arrangement, or occupancy that a
fire itself might not provide adequate occupant warning, fire alarm
systems shall be provided where necessary to warn occupants of the
existence of fire. 

	Each 101 chapter prescribes the threshold (based on occupant load
and/or facility size) above which a fixed fire alarm system is required,
while E uses performance language.

101 protection is commensurate with Subpart E





NOTE: This comparison and its conclusions apply only to the unamended
NFPA 101. It is recognized that some local or State jurisdictions
throughout the country have adopted NFPA 101 with amendments. OSHA is
unable to evaluate all the possible amendment scenarios. Amended codes
may still provide equal or greater employee protection, however this
must be established on a case by case basis. 

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