
[Federal Register: November 25, 2008 (Volume 73, Number 228)]
[Notices]               
[Page 71722-71724]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr25no08-138]                         

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration

[Docket No. NHTSA-2008-0182, Notice 1]

 
Mercedes-Benz, U.S.A. LLC; Receipt of Application for Extension 
of a Temporary Exemption From Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard No. 
108

AGENCY: National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), DOT.

ACTION: Notice of receipt of application for a temporary exemption.

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SUMMARY: In accordance with the procedures of 49 CFR 555.6(b), 
Mercedes-Benz, U.S.A. LLC (``MBUSA''), on behalf of its parent 
corporation Daimler AG (``Daimler'') has applied for a renewal of a 
temporary exemption from S5.5.10 of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety 
Standard (FMVSS) No. 108. The basis of the application is to continue 
the development and field evaluation of new motor vehicle safety 
feature providing a level of safety at least equal to that of the 
standard. We are publishing this notice of receipt of the application 
in accordance with the requirements of 49 CFR 555.7(a), and have made 
no judgment on the merits of the application.

DATES: You should submit your comments not later than December 26, 
2008.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Mr. Ari Scott, Office of the Chief 
Counsel, NCC-112, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, 1200 
New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590. Telephone: (202) 366-
2992; Fax: (202) 366-3820; E-mail: ari.scott@dot.gov.

I. Background

    In June of 2005, MBUSA petitioned the agency on behalf of its 
parent corporation, DaimlerChrysler AG,\1\ seeking a temporary 
exemption from S5.5.10 of Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standard (FMVSS) 
No. 108. In short, S5.5.10 specifies that with certain exceptions not 
applicable to this petition, all lamps, including stop lamps must be 
wired to be steady-burning.\2\ In order to develop and evaluate an 
innovative brake signaling system in the United States, MBUSA sought a 
temporary exemption from the ``steady-burning'' requirement as it 
applies to stop lamps. At the time of the original petition, the system 
was available in Europe on the S-class, CL-class, and SL-class Mercedes 
vehicles. MBUSA states that the system enhances the emergency braking 
signal by flashing three stop lamps required by FMVSS No. 108 during 
strong deceleration. In addition, after emergency braking, the system 
automatically activates the hazard warning lights of the stopped 
vehicle until it starts to move again or the lights are manually 
switched off. The petitioner states that this signaling system reduces 
the following drivers' reaction time by attracting their attention, and 
also enhances visibility of the stopped vehicle, thus helping to reduce 
the incidence and severity of rear end collisions.
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    \1\ Due to corporate changes since the previous petition was 
received, the parent company of MBUSA is now Daimler AG.
    \2\ See S5.5.10 of 49 CFR 571.108. Turn signal lamps, hazard 
warning signal lamps, school bus warning lamps must be wired to 
flash. Headlamps and side marker lamps may be wired to flash for 
signaling purposes. Motorcycle headlamps may be wired to modulate.
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    NHTSA granted MBUSA's petition for exemption on January 30, 
2006.\3\ The exemption was for a two-year period.\4\ In granting 
MBUSA's request in the original grant, NHTSA made several 
determinations. The agency stated that MBUSA had met the requirements 
to receive an exemption under 49 CFR Part 555(b), which permits 
exemptions from the Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards on the basis 
that the exemption would make easier the development or field 
evaluation of safety equipment. Specifically, the agency stated that 
based on information provided by MBUSA, it appeared the proposed brake 
lamp system provided at least an equivalent level of safety to those 
that comply with FMVSS No. 108. Furthermore, NHTSA decided that 
granting the requested would be in the public interest, because the new 
field data obtained through this temporary exemption would enable the 
agency to make more informed decisions regarding the effect of flashing 
brake

[[Page 71723]]

signaling systems on motor vehicle safety.
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    \3\ 71 FR 4961.
    \4\ We note that under 49 CFR 555.8(e), ``if an application for 
renewal of temporary exemption that meets the requirements of Sec.  
555.5 has been filed not later than 60 days before the termination 
date of an exemption, the exemption does not terminate until the 
Administrator grants or denies the application for renewal.''
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    It should be noted that prior to the original petition for 
exemption, NHTSA had previously denied petitioner's request to 
permanently amend FMVSS No. 108 to allow flashing brake signaling 
systems. Among the reasons for the denial was the need for additional 
data on safety benefits of flashing brake lamps. The petitioner argues 
that granting this temporary exemption would allow them to provide the 
information NHTSA found lacking.
    In this petition, MBUSA requests that the exemption be extended for 
an additional two years. The reason given is that MBUSA needs the 
renewal to further evaluate whether benefits can be realized through 
the allowance of emergency brake lights on passenger vehicles in the 
United States. MBUSA cited data gleaned from its trials in the United 
States and in Germany that indicates that the emergency braking system 
may help to prevent some crashes. Although the samples used were very 
limited, MBUSA states that a renewal of the exemption will allow 
significantly more data to be collected and analyzed.
    Between February 2006 and August 2007, MBUSA sold approximately 
2870 vehicles with the modified brake lamps. In accordance with the 
requirements of 49 CFR 555.6(b)(5), MBUSA will not sell more than 2,500 
exempted vehicles in any twelve-month period within the two-year 
exemption period. For addition details, please see the MBUSA petition 
at http://www.regulations.gov, Docket No. NHTSA-2005-22653. The 
following (Parts II--VIII) summarizes MBUSA's petition in relevant 
part.

II. Question as to Whether the Current Request for a Renewal of the 
Petition Was Received 60 Days Prior to the Expiration of the Current 
Exemption

    In its request for renewal of the temporary exemption granted in 
the 2006 notice, the petitioner argued that although the 2006 notice 
stated that ``[t]he exemption from S5.5.10 of FMVSS No. 108 is 
effective from January 23, 2006 until January 23, 2008,'' because the 
notice was not published in the Federal Register until January 30, 
2006, the term of the exemption should be interpreted to run until 
January 30, 2008. Therefore, under 49 CFR Part 555.8(e), because this 
petition for renewal was submitted December 3, 2006,\5\ the exemption 
should not terminate until the Administrator grants or denies the 
application for renewal.
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    \5\ As the petitioner states, because the day 60 days prior to 
January 30 falls on the weekend (Saturday, December 1), the period 
should be deemed to run from the following Monday, which is December 
3, 2006.
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    Having examined the Federal Register notice, we agree that the 
petition for renewal was submitted within the required time period for 
the exemption to continue until NHTSA reaches a final decision. In the 
grant notice, we stated that we were granting the exemption for a 
period of ``twenty-four months.'' While the notice stated that the 
period ran from January 23, 2006 through January 23, 2008, we believe 
that these dates were erroneous. We note that 49 CFR 555.7(f) states 
that ``unless a later effective date is specified in the notice of the 
grant, a temporary exemption is effective upon publication of the 
notice in the Federal Register and exempts vehicles manufactured on and 
after the effective date.'' [emphasis added] Because the January 23 
date stated in the text of the notice was earlier than the date of 
publication in the Federal Register, pursuant to Sec.  555.7(f), the 
petition was effective only as of January 30, 2006. Accordingly, the 
twenty-four month period of the exemption commenced from that date, and 
given the new petition, will not expire until the Administrator grants 
or denies this new petition.

III. Description of the New Motor Vehicle Safety Feature

    The petitioner states that its brake signaling system provides two 
innovative safety-enhancing features.
    First, three stop lamps required by FMVSS No. 108 flash at a 
frequency of 5 Hz in the event of strong deceleration. This occurs if 
the velocity is >50 km/h (31 mph) and at least one of the following 
conditions is met:
    1. Deceleration is >7 m/s \2\; or
    2. The brake assist function is active; or
    3. The Electronic Stability Program (ESP) control unit detects a 
panic braking operation.
    The petitioner states that the activation criteria ensures that the 
enhanced brake signals are only activated when truly needed. Thus, the 
brake lights will flash only in severe braking situations, and will 
flash at a relatively high frequency that allows for fast recognition. 
Further, using the panic brake signal from the ESP control unit as a 
trigger would activate the system only when the achievable deceleration 
is substantially smaller than the demanded one. Thus, the stop lamps 
would not flash in routine situations.
    Second, after emergency braking, the system automatically activates 
the hazard warning lights of the stopped vehicle until it starts to 
move again, or the lights are manually switched off.

IV. Petitioner's Statement Concerning Benefits of the New Motor Vehicle 
Safety Feature

    The petitioner states that the brake signaling system provides 
important safety enhancements not found in a vehicle equipped with a 
traditional brake signaling system. First, the flashing system reduces 
the following driver's reaction time and encourages maximum 
deceleration of following vehicles. The petitioner expects especially 
strong benefits during adverse weather conditions and for inattentive 
drivers. Second, the activation of hazard warning lamps on the stopped 
vehicle also enhances vehicle recognition after it came to a complete 
stop. The petitioner believes that together, these features will help 
to reduce rear end collisions and improve safety.
    The petitioner is aware of the agency's longstanding restriction on 
flashing stop lamps, in the interest of standardized, instantly 
recognizable lighting functions. However, MBUSA believes its system 
will be easily recognizable, and would not interfere with NHTSA's 
objectives.

V. The Petitioner's Research and Testing Done Prior to the Current 
Exemption

    In its original petition submitted in 2005, the petitioner offered 
information on driver behavior studies that would help to determine if 
the proposed brake light system can significantly reduce driver 
reaction times. One study that MBUSA used was a driver braking behavior 
study to understand how often rapid deceleration braking occurs in the 
United States. The study followed 96 subjects using 15 Mercedes-Benz 
vehicles equipped with a driver behavior and vehicle dynamics recorder. 
The study indicated that one emergency braking maneuver occurred for 
every 2,291 miles driven. The study also suggested that, based on the 
criteria described in the previous section, only 23 out of 100,000 
braking maneuvers would activate the flashing stop lamps. The 
petitioner concluded that the flashing brake light will occur rarely, 
which will help to avoid ``optical pollution'' and enhance the 
effectiveness of the brake light system.\6\
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    \6\ Driver behavior research is described in Attachment A of the 
petition.
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    The petitioner stated that the study showed that flashing brake 
lights reduce driver reaction time by an average of 0.2 seconds, which 
is a reduction sufficient

[[Page 71724]]

to meaningfully reduce the number and/or severity of rear end 
collisions. MBUSA argues that even higher reduction in reaction time 
would occur under real-world driving conditions, where drivers are less 
focused on the driving task and subject to more sources of distraction. 
The study also showed positive effects from the flashing brake light 
signal under adverse weather conditions and in distraction situations. 
Finally, the test subjects expressed a preference for flashing brake 
lights when compared to other brake light symbols. In addition, the 
petitioner also referred to a Japanese study showing that short, 
flashing intervals are more effective than slower intervals, as well as 
more effective than enlarging the area of the lamp.

VI. Additional Planned Research and Research Done During the Period of 
the Current Exemption

    The petitioner states that the plan for monitoring the experience 
of these vehicles focused on both dealer inputs and insurance claims. 
However, to date, the petitioner states that it has only acquired a 
limited amount of data. Data from one insurance company, representing 
about 20% of the modified vehicles in the U.S. has been obtained. This 
information, while based on very limited data, showed some improvement 
in the crash ratio of the experimental vehicles. Additionally, Daimler 
has been able to collect data from the German Federal Statistical 
Office. According to the petition, the data indicate a decrease of rear 
impacts compared to other Mercedes-Benz passenger cars.
    Finally, the petitioner notes a recent Department of Transportation 
study of rear-end crashes in an effort to help develop improvements in 
this field.\7\ MBUSA states that while the agency is studying the issue 
on its own, the information the petitioner collects will be a valuable 
supplement to the agency's efforts.
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    \7\ ``Analysis of Rear-End Crashes and Near-Crashes in the 100-
Car Naturalistic Driving Study to Support Rear-Signaling 
Countermeasure Development,'' DOT HS 810 8145, October 2007.
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VII. Petitioner's Statement Concerning How a Temporary Exemption 
Facilitate the Development and Field Evaluation of a New Motor Vehicle 
Safety Feature

    The petitioner states that it intends to monitor the exempted 
vehicles and study the effectiveness of the brake signaling system. 
First, MBUSA will gather information about rear-end collisions of 
vehicles equipped with the system. This information will be combined 
with the parallel results from the European fleet and, according to the 
petitioner, may prove to be valuable in evaluating the anticipated 
safety benefits of the new brake light system. Second, the test fleet 
may enable MBUSA to evaluate acceptance of the flashing stop lamps 
among the American public.

VIII. Petitioner's Statement Concerning Why Granting the Petition for 
Exemption Is in the Public Interest

    As indicated above, the petitioner argues that granting the 
requested exemption from FMVSS 108 would enable it to continue 
developing and evaluating its innovative brake signaling system, thus 
contributing substantially to ongoing efforts to consider the 
effectiveness of enhanced lighting systems in reducing rear-end 
crashes. MBUSA believes that the system will help to significantly 
reduce following driver reaction times, thus reducing rear end 
collisions.
    The petitioner also noted that rear end collisions are a 
significant traffic safety concern, particularly in dense traffic 
areas, and an important cause of rear end collisions is a following 
driver's failure to detect that a leading vehicle has performed an 
emergency braking action. MBUSA believes that an enhanced braking 
signal that alerts following drivers to urgent braking situations has 
the potential to significantly enhance safety.

IX. How You May Comment on This Petition

    We invite you to submit comments on the application described 
above. You may submit comments identified by docket number at the 
heading of this notice by any of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://
www.regulations.gov. Follow the online instructions for submitting 
comments.
     Mail: DOT Docket Management Facility, M-30, U.S. 
Department of Transportation, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590.
     Hand Delivery or Courier: U.S. Department of 
Transportation, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New 
Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC 20590, Monday through Friday, except 
Federal Holidays.
     Fax: 1-(202)-493-2251
    Instructions: All submissions must include the agency name and 
docket number or Regulatory Identification Number (RIN) for this 
rulemaking. Note that all comments received will be posted without 
change to http://www.regulations.gov, including any personal 
information provided.
    Privacy Act: Anyone is able to search the electronic form of all 
comments received into any of our dockets by the name of the individual 
submitting the comment (or signing the comment, if submitted on behalf 
of an association, business, labor union, etc.). You may review DOT's 
complete Privacy Act Statement in the Federal Register published on 
April 11, 2000 (Volume 65, Number 70; Pages 19477-78) or you may visit 
http://dms.dot.gov.
    Docket: For access to the docket in order to read background 
documents or comments received, go to http://www.regulations.gov at any 
time or to M-30, West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 1200 New 
Jersey Avenue, SE., Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday 
through Friday, except Federal holidays.
    Confidential Business Information: If you wish to submit any 
information under a claim of confidentiality, you should submit three 
copies of your complete submission, including the information you claim 
to be confidential business information, to the Chief Counsel, NHTSA, 
at the address given under FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT. In 
addition, you should submit two copies, from which you have deleted the 
claimed confidential business information, to Docket Management at the 
address given above. When you send a comment containing information 
claimed to be confidential business information, you should include a 
cover letter setting forth the information specified in our 
confidential business information regulation (49 CFR Part 512).
    We shall consider all comments received before the close of 
business on the comment closing date indicated below. To the extent 
possible, we shall also consider comments filed after the closing date. 
We shall publish a notice of final action on the application in the 
Federal Register pursuant to the authority indicated below.

    Authority: 49 U.S.C. 30113; delegations of authority at 49 CFR 
1.50. and 501.8.

    Issued on: November 19, 2008.
Stephen R. Kratzke,
Associate Administrator for Rulemaking.
[FR Doc. E8-27961 Filed 11-24-08; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4910-59-P
