

[Federal Register: November 2, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 212)]
[Notices]               
[Page 62293-62302]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr02no07-95]                         

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration

[Docket No. FMCSA-2004-18898]

 
Comprehensive Safety Analysis 2010 Initiative

AGENCY: Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, DOT.

ACTION: Notice of public listening session.

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SUMMARY: The Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA) 
announces a public listening session to obtain feedback from interested 
parties on the Agency's Comprehensive Safety Analysis 2010 (CSA 2010) 
initiative, a comprehensive review, analysis, and

[[Page 62294]]

restructuring of FMCSA's current commercial motor carrier safety and 
enforcement programs. FMCSA will use the listening session to brief 
participants on the direction and progress of CSA 2010, and obtain 
feedback from its partners and stakeholders. FMCSA also requests 
comments on the CSA 2010 operational model described in this notice.

DATES: The Public Listening Session will be held on December 4, 2007, 
from 8 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. Participant registration will be from 8 a.m. 
to 9 a.m. Written comments must be received by January 31, 2008.
    Location: The Public Listening Session will be held near Dallas at 
the Sheraton Arlington Hotel, 1500 Convention Center Drive, Arlington, 
Texas 76011. The phone number is 817-261-8200.

ADDRESSES: You may submit comments identified by FDMS Docket ID Number 
FMCSA-2004-18898 and by any of the following methods:
    Federal eRulemaking Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov. 

Follow the online instructions for submitting comments.
    Alternatively, you can file comments using the following methods:
    Mail: Docket Management Facility: U.S. Department of 
Transportation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., Room W12-140, Washington, 
DC 20590.
    Hand Delivery or Courier: West Building Ground Floor, Room W12-140, 
1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE., between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m. ET, Monday 
through Friday, except Federal holidays.
    Fax: 202-493-2251.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Cathy McNair, Program Manager 
Assistant, CSA 2010, (202) 366-0790.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Format of Listening Session: During the 
Public Listening Session, FMCSA will describe its progress on CSA 2010 
to date. FMCSA will accept comments on the CSA 2010 operational model 
and any additional information FMCSA should consider for the success of 
the CSA 2010 initiative.
    The session will include a morning plenary session (9 a.m.), and 
three facilitated breakout sessions. Each breakout session will be run 
three consecutive times so that all attendees will have the opportunity 
to participate in all three sessions. Each session will run for 90 
minutes, beginning at 10:15 a.m., 12:15 p.m., and 2 p.m. This will 
allow 15 minutes between each breakout session and 30 minutes for 
lunch. The three breakout sessions will address specific aspects of the 
CSA 2010 initiative: (1) Safety Measurement System, (2) Safety Fitness 
Determination, and (3) Operational Model Test. Attendees will have the 
opportunity to comment, as well as hear the comments of other 
stakeholders.
    Registration information and instructions: To attend the listening 
session, attendees can register online at http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/csa2010-register.
 In addition to registration information, the 

registration Web site provides additional details about the agenda. If 
there are any questions, or if an attendee prefers to register via 
telephone, please contact the registration help desk at (301) 495-8458.
    Instructions for submitting written comments: Comments regarding 
CSA 2010 can be filed with the Federal Docket Management System (FDMS). 
For detailed instructions on submitting comments see ADDRESSES section 
above. All submissions must include the Agency name and docket 
identification number for this notice. Note that all comments received 
will be posted to http://www.regulations.gov, including any personal 

information provided. Please see the Privacy Act heading for further 
information.
    Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or 
comments received, go to http://www.regulations.gov. Follow the online 

instructions for accessing the dockets.
    Privacy Act: Anyone is able to search the electronic form of all 
comments received into any of our dockets by the name of the individual 
submitting the comment (or of the person signing the comment, if 
submitted on behalf of an association, business, labor union, etc.). 
You may review the Department of Transportation's complete Privacy Act 
Statement in the Federal Register published on April 11, 2000 (65 FR 
19477; Apr. 11, 2000).

Background

    In August 2004, FMCSA embarked on CSA 2010--a comprehensive review 
and analysis of the FMCSA motor vehicle safety compliance and 
enforcement programs (69 FR 51748, August 20, 2004). The goal of CSA 
2010 is the development and deployment of a new operational model, a 
new approach to using FMCSA resources to identify drivers and motor 
carriers that pose safety problems and to intervene to address those 
problems as soon as they become apparent. FMCSA understands how 
important it is to the success of this initiative to obtain feedback 
from its partners and stakeholders and other interested parties.
    The Agency held a series of public listening sessions on CSA 2010 
in September and October of 2004. These sessions were designed to 
collect public input regarding ways FMCSA could improve its process of 
monitoring and assessing the safety performance of the motor carrier 
industry. The majority of participants supported the Agency's goal of 
improving the current safety fitness determination process through the 
CSA 2010 initiative. For further information on the public listening 
sessions held in 2004, visit the FMCSA Web site at http://www.fmcsa.dot.gov/
 (click on the CSA2010 link) and see the final 

report, ``Comprehensive Safety Analysis Listening Sessions.''
    On November 16, 2006, FMCSA held another listening session to 
gather information and feedback on CSA 2010 from its partners and 
stakeholders (71 FR 61131, October 17, 2006). The session was held in 
Washington, DC, with close to 100 attendees that included a cross-
section of Federal, state, and local government agencies, motor 
carriers, industry associations, insurance and consulting firms, and 
safety advocacy groups. The event included a plenary session and four 
breakout sessions, which described four major aspects of CSA 2010: (1) 
Measurement, (2) Safety Fitness Determination, (3) Intervention 
Selection and Entity Characteristics, and (4) Safety Data and Tracking, 
Evaluation and Data Validation. Participants at each of the breakout 
sessions provided valuable information, which FMCSA has taken into 
account during its continued development of the CSA 2010 operational 
model. For further information on the public listening sessions held in 
2006, visit FDMS Docket Identification Number FMCSA-2004-18898 at 
http://www.regulations.gov and see the final report, ``Comprehensive 

Safety Analysis 2010, 2006 Listening Session.''
    The purpose of the December 2007 public listening session is for 
FMCSA to brief its stakeholders and partners on the progress that has 
been made since the listening session in 2006. FMCSA plans to hold 
additional CSA 2010 listening sessions to continue the process of 
updating its partners and stakeholders and receive feedback.

Current Operational Model and Its Limitations

    FMCSA currently collects several kinds of data on motor carriers, 
including Federal and state information on crashes and roadside 
inspections, and enforcement actions. FMCSA uses the data to (1) 
determine which motor carriers should be selected for on-site 
compliance reviews, and (2) determine the safety fitness of motor 
carriers. Currently FMCSA employs SafeStat, an

[[Page 62295]]

analytical process that evaluates the safety status of individual motor 
carriers. SafeStat uses data from a variety of state and Federal 
sources to measure the relative safety performance and compliance of 
individual motor carriers in four Safety Evaluation Areas (SEAs): 
Accident, Driver, Vehicle, and Safety Management. SafeStat is currently 
used by the FMCSA to identify and prioritize motor carriers for on-site 
compliance reviews (CRs) and roadside inspections. For a full 
description of the SafeStat methodology, visit the FMCSA Web site at: 
http://ai.fmcsa.dot.gov.

    FMCSA issues a safety fitness determination and a corresponding 
safety rating as a result of an on-site compliance review (CR). The CR 
assesses whether a motor carrier's safety management controls are 
functioning effectively to ensure acceptable compliance with the safety 
fitness standard found at 49 CFR 385.5. Currently, the safety ratings 
that can result from a CR are Satisfactory, Conditional, or 
Unsatisfactory. FMCSA may take enforcement actions against a motor 
carrier as a result of the CR. A significant limitation of this process 
is that a motor carrier's safety rating generally cannot change without 
the conduct of an additional compliance review. As a result, the 
meaning of a motor carrier's safety rating in terms of being a current 
assessment of its safety diminishes over time and may be misleading to 
those that might incorrectly interpret it as a reflection of a motor 
carrier's current safety status.
    FMCSA compliance and safety programs improve and promote safety 
performance. However, despite increases in the motor carrier 
population, as well as increased programmatic responsibilities, Agency 
resources available for these efforts have remained relatively constant 
over time. Further compounding this limitation in the current process 
is the fact that the full CR is generally deployed at a carrier's place 
of business as a one-size-fits-all tool to address what may not be a 
comprehensive safety problem. In its present structure, the FMCSA 
compliance review program is resource intensive and reaches only a 
small percentage of motor carriers. On-site CRs take one safety 
investigator an average of 3 to 4 days to complete, and are used to 
determine a motor carrier's safety fitness. At present staffing levels, 
FMCSA can perform CRs on only a small portion of the 700,000 active 
interstate motor carriers. These factors have made it increasingly 
challenging to make sustained improvements to motor carrier safety 
using existing intervention programs and measurement systems. Moreover, 
in recent years the decline in the rate of large truck and bus 
fatalities per 100 million vehicle miles traveled has leveled off.
    For these reasons, along with improvements in the quality of data 
available to FMCSA and improved ways to measure carrier safety, FMCSA 
is exploring ways through CSA 2010 to improve its current process for 
monitoring, assessing, and enforcing the safety performance of motor 
carriers and drivers. The Agency believes that CSA 2010 has the 
potential to achieve a greater reduction in large truck and bus 
crashes, and that additional Agency resources would impact this 
potential crash reduction even more.

Comprehensive Safety Analysis 2010

    CSA 2010 is a major FMCSA initiative to improve the effectiveness 
of the Agency's compliance and enforcement programs. Its ultimate goal 
is to achieve a greater reduction in large truck and bus crashes, 
injuries, and fatalities, while making efficient use of the resources 
of FMCSA and its state partners. In contrast to the Agency's current 
operational model, CSA 2010 is characterized by (1) a more 
comprehensive measurement system, (2) a safety fitness determination 
methodology that is based on performance data and not necessarily tied 
to an on-site compliance review, and (3) a broader array of progressive 
interventions. FMCSA believes that CSA 2010 will help the Agency assess 
the safety performance of a greater segment of the industry and 
intervene with more carriers to change unsafe behavior earlier.
    FMCSA has made significant progress in its development of the CSA 
2010 operational model, and is planning on launching a field test of 
the model beginning in January 2008. There are four major components to 
CSA 2010: (1) Measurement, (2) Interventions, (3) Safety Fitness 
Determination, and (4) Information Technology. Each component and its 
status are described below. While the Agency requests comments on all 
aspects of the CSA 2010 operational model, there are three specific 
areas that will be the subjects of the breakout sessions during the 
upcoming listening session: (1) Safety Measurement System, (2) Safety 
Fitness Determination, and (3) Operational Model Test. The illustration 
below demonstrates how the major components of CSA 2010 would work 
together. In developing the new model FMCSA continues to strive for 
flexibility, efficiency, effectiveness, innovation, and equity.

[[Page 62296]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN02NO07.010

    Safety Measurement System--The role of the Safety Measurement 
System (SMS) within the CSA 2010 operational model is to monitor and 
quantify the safety performance of motor carriers and drivers through 
data available in the Motor Carrier Management Information System 
(MCMIS). Under CSA 2010 these data would include violations found 
during roadside inspections, traffic enforcement, and the intervention 
process (discussed below), as well as crashes. SMS would group data 
into seven Behavioral Analysis Safety Improvement Categories (BASICs), 
each of which includes regulatory requirements for both motor carriers 
and drivers.
    Unsafe Driving--The operation of commercial motor vehicles in a 
dangerous or careless manner. Example violations include speeding, 
reckless driving, improper lane change, and inattention.
    Fatigued Driving--The operation of commercial motor vehicles by 
drivers in non-compliance with the hours-of-service (HOS) regulations. 
This BASIC focuses on violations of the HOS regulations including 
violations of driving time limits, driving after reaching on-duty time 
limits, and failure to maintain complete and accurate log books. This 
BASIC is not intended to suggest that the Agency has determined that 
the driver was actually fatigued. Also, instances related to the 
Fatigued Driving BASIC are distinguished from incidents where 
unconsciousness or inability to react is brought about by the use of 
alcohol, drugs, or other controlled substances.
    Driver Fitness--The operation of commercial motor vehicles (CMV) by 
drivers who are unfit to operate a CMV due to lack of training or 
medical qualifications. Example violations include failure to have a 
valid and appropriate commercial driver's license and being medically 
unqualified to operate a CMV.
    Controlled Substances and Alcohol--The operation of CMVs by drivers 
who are in possession of alcohol or illegal drugs, or impaired due to 
alcohol, illegal drugs, or misuse of prescription or over-the-counter 
medications. Example violations include the use or possession of 
controlled substances or alcohol.

[[Page 62297]]

    Vehicle Maintenance--Commercial motor vehicle failure due to 
improper or inadequate maintenance. Example violations include brakes, 
lights, and other mechanical defects, and failure to make required 
repairs.
    Improper Loading/Cargo Securement--CMV incidents resulting from 
shifting loads, spilled or dropped cargo, and unsafe handling of 
hazardous materials. Example violations include improper load 
securement, cargo retention, and hazardous material handling.
    Crash--Histories or patterns of crash involvement, including 
frequency and severity. It is based on information from state-reported 
crashes.
    FMCSA developed the BASICs under the premise that CMV crashes can 
ultimately be traced to the behavior of motor carriers and drivers. The 
categories are derived from the existing FMCSA regulatory structure, 
the Large Truck Crash Causation Study, and other analyses and studies 
conducted by the Agency.
    Four principal steps would be used to assess entity (motor carrier 
or driver) performance in each BASIC. First, relevant inspection, 
violation, and crash data from the Motor Carrier Management Information 
System would be attributed to an entity to create a safety event 
history. Second, each entity's violations and crashes would be 
classified into a BASIC. Third, these data would then be time weighted, 
severity weighted, normalized, and peer grouped to form a quantifiable 
measure for the entity in each BASIC. In addition, the Safety 
Measurement System would employ data sufficiency standards to ensure 
there are enough data to produce meaningful measures of safety 
performance. Finally, based on a comparison of each entity's BASIC 
measure to those of its peers, a rank and percentile would be assigned. 
The motor carrier's score in each BASIC would be based on data from the 
past 24-months. These steps are illustrated below in Figure 2.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TN02NO07.011

    FMCSA anticipates using the SMS results in CSA 2010 to identify and 
monitor entities with safety problems with respect to its BASICs for 
inclusion in the intervention process (described below under 
Interventions). Also, in cases where the SMS results are robust enough 
to indicate strong crash risk to the public, FMCSA anticipates applying 
these results along with other factors that could lead to a proposed 
Unfit safety fitness determination (described below under Safety 
Fitness Determination). Thus, FMCSA would establish thresholds for each 
BASIC to trigger the intervention process and play a role in adverse 
safety fitness determinations.
    FMCSA is designing two Safety Measurement Systems--one for 
carriers, Carrier Safety Measurement System (CSMS), and one for 
drivers, Driver Safety Measurement System (DSMS). Both systems are in 
the prototype stage and will be used to support the operational model 
test discussed below. FMCSA plans to demonstrate the Safety Measurement 
System during the upcoming listening session.
    There are six important differences between the SMS and the 
Agency's current measurement system, SafeStat:
    1. SMS is organized by seven specific behaviors (BASICs) while 
SafeStat is organized into four general Safety Evaluation Areas (SEAs).
    2. SMS identifies safety problems in the same structure in which 
CSA 2010 addresses those problems, while SafeStat prioritizes carriers 
for a one-size-fits-all compliance review.
    3. SMS uses all safety-based inspection violations while SafeStat 
uses only out-of-service violations and selected moving violations.
    4. SMS uses risk-based violation weightings while SafeStat does 
not.
    5. SMS impacts the safety fitness determination of an entity, while 
SafeStat has no impact on an entity's safety fitness rating.
    6. SMS assesses individual drivers and carriers, while SafeStat 
assesses only carriers.
    Interventions--Over the past year FMCSA has made considerable 
progress in developing the system of interventions that would be used 
under CSA 2010. It provides a broad array of tools that would be used 
in a systematic way to intervene with a carrier and its drivers, 
depending on the BASIC measures identified by the Safety Measurement 
System. The interventions are designed to be progressive, increasing in 
severity and interaction with motor carriers and their drivers. The 
goal is to use the interventions to reach a larger segment of the motor 
carrier industry, and to change unsafe behavior early:
    Warning Letter--The warning letter would be sent to a motor carrier 
when its safety performance data exceeds the Safety Measurement System 
threshold for intervention in one or more BASICs. The letter would 
advise the motor carrier of the apparent safety problems, and the 
potential consequences of continued operation in that way. It would 
also refer the motor carrier to Web-based educational tools and 
information for self improvement, and the letter would provide the 
motor carrier with instructions on how to challenge the underlying 
safety data if the motor carrier believes the data is in error.

[[Page 62298]]

    Targeted Roadside Inspection--The warning letter would also trigger 
targeted roadside inspection. The same information on deficient BASICs 
described in the warning letter would be reflected in roadside 
information software used by roadside inspectors. This would enable 
them to monitor the status of those safety problems with that motor 
carrier, and confirm their existence or correction. This would also 
help improve the overall effectiveness of roadside inspections.
    Off-Site Investigation--The off-site investigation would enable 
FMCSA and its state partners to evaluate safety problems without the 
cost of sending enforcement officials to a motor carrier's place of 
business. It would involve requests for documentation from the carrier 
and third-parties, and constitute a desktop review of available 
information to determine the nature and extent of identified safety 
problems. The off-site investigation would be triggered by persistent 
safety problems, or those severe enough to warrant investigation.
    Focused On-Site Investigation--The focused on-site investigation 
would take place at the motor carrier's place of business, and would be 
employed when the carrier exhibits a persistent safety problem in one 
area. It would enable FMCSA and its state partners to focus on the 
identified safety problem without spending time and resources where no 
other safety problems have been identified. It would involve reviewing 
records, interviewing personnel, analyzing practices, and identifying 
corrective actions. The focused on-site investigation could be 
triggered by a continuing deficient or worsening BASIC, or a fatal 
crash or complaint.
    Comprehensive On-Site Investigation--The comprehensive on-site 
investigation would also take place at the motor carrier's place of 
business. It would be employed when the carrier exhibits broad and 
complex safety problems through multiple deficient BASICs, and would be 
similar to the compliance review conducted under the Agency's current 
operational model. The comprehensive on-site investigation could be 
triggered by continuing deficient or worsening multiple BASICs, or a 
fatal crash or complaint.
    Cooperative Safety Plan--The cooperative safety plan (CSP) could be 
triggered after investigation reveals safety problems for which the 
motor carrier expresses a willingness to remedy. It could be used to 
support safety improvements before the levying of fines. It would be a 
structured plan developed and implemented voluntarily by the motor 
carrier. The CSP would be the motor carrier's action plan to address 
safety problems. The Agency would monitor the carrier's safety 
performance, and increase intervention if performance does not improve.
    Notice of Violation--The purpose of the notice of violation would 
be to increase the motor carrier's awareness of enforcement intent on 
the part of the Agency. It could be useful where the violation is 
immediately correctable. It would put the carrier on notice of specific 
regulatory violations. The motor carrier would then have to provide 
evidence of corrective action, or successfully challenge the identified 
safety violations. The notice of violation could provide the motor 
carrier with motivation to change unsafe behavior to avoid a fine.
    Notice of Claim--The purpose of the notice of claim is to deter 
severe or persistent unsafe behavior. It is issued as a formal document 
and served on the violator to compel compliance. The notice of claim 
would be triggered by evidence of a severe regulatory violation or 
history of violations, sufficient to justify assessment of penalties.
    Settlement Agreement--The purpose of the settlement agreement is to 
contractually bind the motor carrier to take actions to improve safety. 
The motor carrier is given the opportunity to enter into the settlement 
agreement to avoid fines or suspension of operations. The settlement 
agreement identifies the consequences to the motor carrier if it does 
not take the agreed upon action and return to compliance. The agreement 
would allow the carrier to avoid significant penalties by committing to 
major safety improvements, for example, with the understanding that 
failure to comply with the terms of the settlement agreement would 
result in the immediate imposition of the maximum penalty that would 
otherwise have been levied.
    Unfit Suspension--A motor carrier is placed out of business.
    While the above interventions are presented in their logical 
sequence of severity, it is important to note that FMCSA and its state 
partners would not necessarily follow this sequence for each carrier. 
Instead, factors such as carrier history, level of safety performance, 
motor carrier characteristics, and investigative discretion could 
influence the intervention selected to encourage change in unsafe 
behavior.
    Another distinguishing feature of CSA 2010 is the investigative 
process. Under CSA 2010 one of the primary goals during the 
intervention process would be to identify the root cause of the safety 
problem under investigation. FMCSA believes that identifying the root 
causes would in many cases help motor carriers and drivers apply the 
most effective corrective actions. At the same time, however, it is 
important to note that FMCSA is a Federal enforcement agency, and that 
ultimately it is the responsibility of motor carriers and drivers to 
know, understand, and comply with all applicable safety regulations.
    Finally, the new intervention process would also require that areas 
of essential motor carrier safety management be subject to sampling of 
motor carrier records. These data could impact a carrier's safety 
fitness determination, as described below under Safety Fitness 
Determination. The specific regulatory areas that would be subject to 
such sampling are listed below in Table 2.
    Safety Fitness Determination--Under 49 U.S.C. 31144, FMCSA is 
required to ``maintain by regulation a procedure for determining the 
safety fitness of an owner or operator.'' Under the Agency's current 
operational model, FMCSA uses the compliance review process to issue 
motor carrier safety ratings, which can be Satisfactory, Conditional, 
or Unsatisfactory, defined under 49 CFR part 385. Under CSA 2010, 
safety fitness determinations would be based on safety performance 
data, and would not necessarily require an on-site investigation like 
today's compliance review. FMCSA believes that this approach would 
enable the Agency to assess the safety performance of a greater segment 
of the motor carrier industry, and make formal safety fitness 
determinations that are available to the public and more reflective of 
a motor carrier's current performance.
    During the November 2006 listening session, FMCSA discussed the 
concept of changing the safety fitness determination methodology from 
the current three tier system of Satisfactory-Conditional-
Unsatisfactory to a two tier system of Continue Operation or Unfit. 
FMCSA pointed out that: (1) The governing legislation requires only 
that the Agency determine the safety fitness of an owner or operator, 
(2) the two-tier approach seemed simpler, and (3) it would move away 
from use of the term Satisfactory. That term can be misperceived by the 
public as FMCSA approval of a carrier, when in fact the Agency has 
simply found no patterns of violations during the most recent CR that 
rise to the Conditional or Unsatisfactory level. Under the Agency's 
current operational model, the term Satisfactory can also remain with a 
motor carrier for several years even

[[Page 62299]]

though its safety performance may have deteriorated.
    Since November 2006, FMCSA has made significant progress in 
developing a preliminary CSA 2010 safety fitness determination 
methodology. Under this methodology, FMCSA has dropped the concept of 
having a two-tier system in favor of the three-tier system. This change 
is based in large part on comments received in response to last year's 
public listening session. There were substantial comments indicating 
the need to make a distinction among carriers within the Continue 
Operation category, so that the public would know about those carriers 
with which the Agency is intervening; and to make it clear that sub-par 
performance, even in a single behavior area, would be identified with 
an adverse safety fitness determination. After considering these 
comments, FMCSA has tentatively decided to use the three-tier approach 
in this CSA 2010 safety fitness determination methodology. However, for 
purposes of this methodology, the Agency is considering changing the 
three-tier terminology from Satisfactory-Conditional-Unsatisfactory to 
Continue Operation-Marginal-Unfit. The Agency believes that this 
terminology might eliminate the public's possible misperception 
associated with the term Satisfactory. The term Marginal has been 
substituted for Conditional because it may be more meaningful in 
conveying the message, ``marginal in safety performance.'' Likewise the 
term Unfit may convey a clearer message than the term Unsatisfactory, 
especially given the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century 
(TEA 21) requirement concerning Unfit motor carriers (65 FR 50919 dated 
August 22, 2000).
    Under this methodology, there would be four major factors that 
could impact a motor carrier's safety fitness determination: (1) 
Roadside inspections results as assessed by the Safety Management 
System (SMS) through stand alone or non-stand alone BASICs, (2) a 
verifiable crash rate, (3) where essential safety management violations 
are 10 percent or more of records checked during the intervention 
process, and (4) fifteen violations which FMCSA believes are so 
fundamental to ensuring safety that no motor carrier should be allowed 
to operate if any of these violations are found and not immediately 
corrected. Factors (1), (2), and (3) would align within the seven 
BASICs referenced above in the Safety Measurement System. These same 
factors would be applied to a set of safety fitness criteria to 
determine a BASIC failure.
    A carrier's SMS measures and verifiable crash rate in Factors (1) 
and (2), respectively, would be applied to a set of Unfit thresholds to 
determine a BASIC failure. These thresholds would be based on the 
carrier's absolute BASIC measures and crash rate, as opposed to the 
relative percentile rankings from the SMS.
    Carriers that have received interventions resulting in violations 
in the areas of essential motor carrier safety management that equal or 
exceed a 10% violation rate of records check will also result in a 
BASIC failure.
    Table 1 below illustrates how these BASIC failures would interact 
to determine a motor carrier's safety fitness:

                     Table 1.--Preliminary CSA 2010 Safety Fitness Determination Methodology
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                    Non-Stand Alone BASICs:
                                     Driver Fitness  Drug/
   Stand Alone BASICs:  Unsafe          Alcohol  Cargo             Fifteen
    Driving  Fatigued Driving         Securement  Vehicle        Fundamental       Safety Fitness  Determination
                                    Maintenance  Verifiable       Violations
                                          Crash Rate
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of BASICs:                  Number of BASICs:         See Table 3 below..  Continue Operation.
(1) With SMS measure above Unfit   (1) With SMS measure or                        Marginal.
 threshold, or                      verifiable crash rate                         Unfit.
(2) Where essential safety          above Unfit threshold,
 management violations are 10       or.
 percent or more of records        (2) Where essential
 checked                            safety management
                                    violations are 10
                                    percent or more of
                                    records checked..
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1................................  ........................  ...................  Unfit.
0................................  Greater than 1..........  ...................  Unfit.
0................................  0.......................  1..................  Unfit.
0................................  1.......................  0..................  Marginal.
0................................  0.......................  0..................  Continue Operation.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The above methodology makes a distinction between ``stand alone'' 
and ``non-stand alone'' BASICs. For the ``stand alone'' BASICs a 
failure in only one of them would result in a proposed Unfit status, 
whereas for the ``non-stand alone'' BASICs a failure in more than one 
of them would be required for the proposed Unfit status. The rationale 
for this distinction is that, although each of the BASICs applies to 
both carriers and drivers, the ``stand alone'' BASICs are more directly 
related to driver behavior. Recent research indicates that driver 
behavior is a major contributing factor in causing crashes. In 
particular, an effectiveness study on the Safety Management System has 
shown that carriers with past poor performance in the Unsafe Driving or 
Fatigue Driving BASICs were subsequently involved in crashes at a 
considerably higher rate than the overall crash rate of the motor 
carrier population.
    FMCSA believes that this preliminary safety fitness determination 
methodology would allow the Agency to assess the safety performance of 
a larger segment of the motor carrier industry. In contrast to the 
Agency's current methodology, this approach is not tied to an on-site 
compliance review and it takes into account virtually all of the safety 
regulations. FMCSA would issue safety fitness determinations on all 
motor carriers for which it has sufficient data. These would be updated 
monthly and made available to the public.
    Information Technology--Information technology (IT) is the fourth 
major component of CSA 2010, and COMPASS is the Agency's major IT 
modernization initiative. CSA 2010 is coordinating closely with the 
COMPASS program so that the timelines of both programs are synchronized 
as much as possible. With respect to CSA 2010, COMPASS will track and 
update the safety performance data from regulated entities as they are 
received, link relevant data to the

[[Page 62300]]

correct entity, validate the data, and provide the mechanisms for 
correcting data. COMPASS will also support the intervention process as 
FMCSA and its state partners gather safety performance data on motor 
carriers and drivers.

Operational Model Test

    FMCSA is planning to field test the new CSA 2010 operational model 
(Op-Model) beginning in January 2008. The purpose of the test is to 
determine both the feasibility and effectiveness of the new CSA 2010 
interventions and Safety Management System.
    During the Op-Model test, FMCSA will not be providing any 
regulatory relief. Motor carriers will not actually be rated under the 
CSA 2010 safety fitness determination methodology, because that 
methodology must yet be implemented through rulemaking. Instead, a 
motor carrier in the Op-Model test with poor safety performance, and 
found to be unresponsive to the new CSA 2010 interventions, would 
undergo a compliance review and be rated in accordance with the 
Agency's current compliance and enforcement process and be subject to 
fines, penalties, and other actions to bring about compliance.
    The test will take place in four states: Colorado, Georgia, 
Missouri, and New Jersey, which will provide one test state for each of 
the four FMCSA Service Centers. FMCSA anticipates that this geographic 
and demographic diversity will help provide a representative cross-
section of the motor carrier population. Approximately ten percent of 
the total number of active carriers and power units in the U.S. are 
based in these four states. Carriers that are domiciled in these four 
states will be assigned to one of three groups:
    Current Process Group: This is a small number of carriers that is 
excluded from the test, as discussed below.
    Test Group: This is approximately \1/2\ of the remaining carriers.
    Control Group: This is approximately \1/2\ of the remaining 
carriers.
    Carriers in the Current Process Group include the following:
    Carriers that have had a compliance review within the past 18 
months. This should help avoid the question of whether a carrier's 
performance improvement was due to a CSA 2010 intervention or the 
compliance review.
    SafeStat category A/B carriers. This exclusion would ensure that 
FMCSA complies with relevant mandates and policies to perform 
compliance reviews on category A and B motor carriers. It would also 
help focus the test on carriers with mediocre performance which are not 
currently being reached. Roadside and accident data that feed the CSA 
2010 operational model are already being used and applied to A and B 
carriers.
    Chameleon carriers. These are carriers that attempt to evade 
enforcement actions or out-of-service orders by re-registering as new 
entrants and operating under new DOT numbers. Once identified, these 
carriers would be removed and subject to current compliance and 
enforcement actions.
    The carriers that are thus excluded will continue to be subject to 
current processes, including compliance reviews. These exclusions are 
designed to ensure that the two remaining groups of carriers (test and 
control) are similar in characteristics for evaluation purposes.
    After the exclusions described above are made, FMCSA plans to 
randomly divide the remaining motor carriers domiciled in the test 
states into two equal sized groups--a test group and a control group. 
The control group would be addressed through the Agency's current 
operational model, which involves the use of SafeStat to identify motor 
carriers for compliance reviews and any required enforcement actions. 
Those motor carriers in the test group would receive CSA 2010 
interventions based on information provided by the Safety Measurement 
System. Again, motor carries in the test group with poor safety 
performance, and found to be unresponsive to the new CSA 2010 
interventions, would undergo a compliance review and be rated in 
accordance with the Agency's current compliance and enforcement 
process. FMCSA anticipates that the number of such carriers would be 
relatively low, since SafeStat A/B carriers will be initially excluded 
from the test.
    However, as the test progresses, FMCSA is considering adding 
SafeStat A/B motor carriers to the test. Including A/B carriers would 
help demonstrate the effectiveness of the new interventions on the 
group of carriers that FMCSA traditionally targets. It may be that with 
some of the less time-consuming CSA 2010 interventions, FMCSA could 
reach A/B carriers more quickly than they would otherwise be reached 
using the compliance review process. If the new interventions are 
effective, the carrier could be moved off of the A/B list, thereby 
eliminating the need for a compliance review. If, however, the carrier 
does not respond, it would be removed from the test and undergo the 
traditional compliance review and any necessary enforcement action.
    The Agency plans to begin the test in January 2008. The test would 
have two phases. Phase I would be a six-month startup phase where only 
three BASICs would be measured: Unsafe Driving, Fatigued Driving, and 
Vehicle Maintenance. This would allow time for the test to become fully 
operational by June 2008, when the remaining BASICs would be added.
    The test is scheduled to run for 30 months into mid-2010, at which 
time FMCSA is targeting full CSA 2010 implementation. The thirty-month 
timeframe is designed to provide sufficient data for statistical 
purposes with results evaluated at periodic intervals. It is 
anticipated that full implementation of CSA 2010 could take place 
through the addition of more states when the safety fitness 
determination rulemaking is completed. Of course, the Agency will 
consider the results of the ongoing Op-Model test in fine tuning the 
rulemaking through notice and comment. Likewise, comments received 
during the rulemaking will be considered for any needed course 
correction during the Op-Model test. Initially, the results will likely 
be more qualitative than quantitative. However, as the test progresses 
and more data are gathered, the Agency anticipates being able to make 
quantitative evaluations of the effectiveness of CSA 2010. As with any 
planned activity, FMCSA will continue to fine tune its plans for the 
Op-Model test until it commences in January 2008.
    FMCSA plans to use approximately 30 Federal and state investigators 
to carry out the new CSA 2010 interventions in the test group. Training 
for the investigators involved in the test group is planned for late 
January 2008, after which the Op-Model test will immediately begin.

Comments Requested

    FMCSA requests comments from all interested parties on the CSA 2010 
program elements described in this notice. FMCSA is particularly 
interested in comments related to the Safety Measurement System, 
interventions, preliminary safety fitness determination methodology, 
and operational model test. Commenters are requested to provide 
supporting rationale and data wherever possible.

[[Page 62301]]



      Table 2.--Areas of Essential Motor Carrier Safety Management
------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Scheduling a run which would necessitate the vehicle being operated
 at speeds in excess of those prescribed (Sec.   392.6).
2. Operating a motor vehicle not in accordance with the laws,
 ordinances, and regulations of the jurisdiction in which it is being
 operated (Sec.   392.2)(Safety related violations only).
3. No operating authority (392.9a(a).
4. False reports of records of duty status (Sec.   395.8(e)).
5. Requiring or permitting driver to drive more than 11 hours (Sec.
 395.3(a)(1)).
6. Requiring or permitting passenger CMV driver to drive more than 10
 hours (Sec.   395.5(a)(1)).
7. Requiring or permitting driver to drive after 14 hours on duty (Sec.
  395.3(a)(2)).
8. Requiring or permitting passenger CMV driver to drive after 15 hours
 on duty (Sec.   395.5(a)(2)).
9. Requiring or permitting driver to drive after 60 hours on duty in 7
 days (Sec.   395.3(b)(1)).
10. Requiring or permitting driver to drive after 70 hours on duty in 8
 days (Sec.   395.3(b)(2)).
11. Requiring or permitting passenger CMV driver to drive after 60 hours
 on duty in 7 days (Sec.   395.5(b)(1)).
12. Requiring or permitting passenger CMV driver to drive after 70 hours
 on duty in 8 days (Sec.   395.5(b)(2)).
13. Requiring or permitting short-haul property CMV driver to drive
 after 16 hours on duty (Sec.   395.1(o)).
14. No records of duty status (Sec.   395.8(a)).
15. Failing to submit record of duty status within 13 days (Sec.
 395.8(i)).
16. Failing to preserve records of duty status for 6 months (Sec.
 395.8(k)).
17. Failing to preserve supporting documents (Sec.   395.8(k)).
18. Fraudulent or intentional alteration of a supporting document (Sec.
  395.8(k)).
19. Requiring or permitting driver to drive after 70 hours in 7 days
 (Alaska)(Sec.   395.1(h)(1)(iii)).
20. Requiring or permitting driver to drive after 80 hours on duty in 8
 days (Alaska)(395.1(h)(1)(iv)).
21. Requiring or permitting driver to drive more than 15 hours
 (Alaska)(Sec.   395.1(h)(1)(i)).
22. Requiring or permitting driver to drive after being on duty 20 hours
 (Alaska)(Sec.   395.1(h)(1)(ii)).
23. Requiring or permitting passenger CMV driver to drive more than 15
 hours (Alaska). ( Sec.   395.1(h)(2)(i)).
24. Requiring or permitting passenger CMV driver to drive after 20 hours
 on duty (Alaska)( Sec.   395.1(h)(2)(ii)).
25. Requiring or permitting passenger CMV driver to drive after 80 hours
 on duty in 8 days (Alaska)( Sec.   395.1(h)(2)(iv)).
26. Requiring or permitting passenger CMV driver to drive after 70 hours
 on duty in 7 days (Alaska)(395.1(h)(2)(iii)).
27. Failing to investigate driver's background (Sec.   391.23(a)).
28. Failing to maintain driver qualification file on each driver
 employed (Sec.   391.51(a))(Use current guidance of no element of DQ
 file requirements found).
29. Operating a CMV without a valid CDL (Sec.   383.23(a))(Safety
 related loss only).
30. Failing to train hazardous material employees as required (Sec.
 172.704(a) & Sec.   177.800(c)).
31. Using a driver not medically re-examined each 24 months (Sec.
 391.45(b)(1)).
32. Using a driver not medically examined and certified (Sec.
 391.45(a)).
33. Using a driver before receiving a negative pre-employment result
 (Sec.   382.301(a)).
34. Failing to perform random alcohol tests at the applicable rate (Sec.
   382.305(b)(1)).
35. Failing to perform random controlled substance tests at the
 applicable rate (Sec.   382.305(b)(2)).
36. Using a driver without a return to duty test (Sec.   382.309).
37. Failing to keep minimum records of inspection and maintenance (Sec.
  396.3(b)).
38. Requiring or permitting a driver to drive without the vehicle's
 cargo being properly distributed and adequately secured (Sec.
 392.9(a)(1)).
39. Transporting a HM without preparing a shipping paper (Sec.
 172.200(a) & Sec.   177.817(a))(no shipping paper at all).
40. Transporting HM in a package with an identifiable release of HM
 (Sec.   173.24).
41. Loading a cargo tank with an HM which exceeds the maximum weight of
 lading marked on the specification plate (Sec.   173.24b(d)(2)).
42. Loading HM not in accordance with the separation and segregation
 table (Sec.   173.30/177.848(d)).
43. Transporting HM in an unauthorized cargo tank (Sec.   173.33(a)).
44. Transporting or loading two or more materials in a cargo tank motor
 vehicle which resulted in an unsafe condition (Sec.   173.33(a)(2)).
45. Transporting a hazardous material in a cargo tank motor vehicle
 which has a dangerous reaction when in contact with the tank (Sec.
 173.33(b)(1)).
46. Transporting an unacceptable HM shipment (Sec.   177.801).
47. Failing to attend a cargo tank during loading/unloading (Sec.
 177.834(i)).
48. Offering a cargo tank which has not successfully completed a test or
 inspection which has become due (Sec.   180.407(a)).
49. Failing to test and inspect a cargo tank which has been in an
 accident and has been damaged (Sec.   180.407(b)(2)).
50. Failing to conduct a pressure test on a cargo tank which has been
 out of HM service for one year or more (Sec.   180.407(b)(3)).
51. Failing to test and inspect a cargo tank which has been modified
 (Sec.   180.407(b)(4)).
52. Failing to conduct a test or inspection on a cargo tank when
 required by DOT (Sec.   180.407(b)(5)).
53. Failing to periodically test and inspect a cargo tank (Sec.
 180.407(c)).
------------------------------------------------------------------------


                    Table 3.--Fundamental Violations
------------------------------------------------------------------------

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. Failing to implement an alcohol and/or controlled substance testing
 program (Sec.   382.115(a) or (b)).
2. Using a driver who has refused to submit to an alcohol or controlled
 substances test required under part 382 (Sec.   382.211).
3. Using a driver known to have tested positive for a controlled
 substance (Sec.   382.215).
4. Knowingly allowing, requiring, permitting, or authorizing an employee
 with a commercial driver's license which is suspended, revoked, or
 canceled by a state or who is disqualified to operate a commercial
 motor vehicle as defined in Part 383. (Sec.   383.37(a)).
5. Knowingly allowing, requiring, permitting, or authorizing a driver
 who is disqualified to drive a commercial motor vehicle (Sec.
 383.51(a)).
6. Operating a motor vehicle transporting property without having in
 effect the required minimum levels of financial responsibility coverage
 (Sec.   387.7(a)).
7. Using a disqualified driver (Sec.   391.15(a)).
8. Using a physically unqualified driver (Sec.   391.11(b)(4)).
9. Failing to require a driver to make a record of duty status (Sec.
 395.8(a)) (Complete lack of any records of duty status).
10. Requiring or permitting the operation of a motor vehicle declared
 ``out-of-service'' before repairs are made (Sec.   396.9(c)(2)).
11. Using a commercial motor vehicle not periodically inspected (Sec.
 396.17(a)). (Complete lack of any periodic inspections).
12. Operating a passenger carrying vehicle without having in effect the
 required minimum levels of financial responsibility (Sec.   387.31(a)).

[[Page 62302]]


13. Failing to implement a random controlled substances and/or an
 alcohol testing program (Sec.   382.305).
14. Failing to correct out-of-service defects listed by a driver in a
 driver vehicle inspection report before the vehicle is operated again
 (Sec.   396.11(c)).
15. Transporting a forbidden material (Sec.   177.801).
------------------------------------------------------------------------


    Issued on: October 30, 2007.
John H. Hill,
Administrator.
[FR Doc. E7-21671 Filed 11-1-07; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 4910-EX-P
