[Federal Register Volume 88, Number 56 (Thursday, March 23, 2023)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 17369-17372]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2023-05632]



[[Page 17369]]

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DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 71

[Docket No. FAA-2022-0999; Airspace Docket No. 22-AWA-2]
RIN 2120-AA66


Amendment of Class C Airspace; Chicago, IL

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This action amends the Chicago, IL, Class C airspace area 
surrounding the Chicago Midway International Airport, IL (MDW), by 
extending the existing Class C airspace shelf within 10 nautical miles 
(NM) of MDW from the southeast counterclockwise to the northeast. The 
FAA is taking this action to reduce the risk of midair collisions and 
enhance the efficient management of air traffic operations in the MDW 
terminal area.

DATES: Effective date 0901 UTC, June 15, 2023. The Director of the 
Federal Register approves this incorporation by reference action under 
1 CFR part 51, subject to the annual revision of FAA Order 7400.11 and 
publication of conforming amendments.

ADDRESSES: A copy of the NPRM, all comments received, this final rule, 
and all background material may be viewed online at www.regulations.gov 
using the FAA Docket number. Electronic retrieval help and guidelines 
are available on the website. It is available 24 hours each day, 365 
days each year. An electronic copy of this document may also be 
downloaded from the Office of the Federal Register's website at 
www.federalregister.gov.
    FAA Order JO 7400.11G, Airspace Designations and Reporting Points, 
and subsequent amendments can be viewed online at www.faa.gov/air_traffic/publications/. You may also contact the Rules and 
Regulations Group, Office of Policy, Federal Aviation Administration, 
800 Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20591; telephone: (202) 267-
8783.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Colby Abbott, Rules and Regulations 
Group, Office of Policy, Federal Aviation Administration, 800 
Independence Avenue SW, Washington, DC 20591; telephone: (202) 267-
8783.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: 

Authority for This Rulemaking

    The FAA's authority to issue rules regarding aviation safety is 
found in Title 49 of the United States Code. Subtitle I, Section 106 
describes the authority of the FAA Administrator. Subtitle VII, 
Aviation Programs, describes in more detail the scope of the agency's 
authority. This rulemaking is promulgated under the authority described 
in Subtitle VII, Part A, Subpart I, Section 40103. Under that section, 
the FAA is charged with prescribing regulations to assign the use of 
the airspace necessary to ensure the safety of aircraft and the 
efficient use of airspace. This regulation is within the scope of that 
authority as it modifies the Class C airspace surrounding MDW to reduce 
the potential for midair collisions and enhance the management of air 
traffic in the terminal area as necessary to preserve the safe and 
efficient flow of air traffic within the National Airspace System 
(NAS).

History

    The FAA published a notice of proposed rulemaking for Docket No. 
FAA-2022-0999 in the Federal Register (87 FR 64737; October 26, 2022) 
proposing to modify the Class C airspace area surrounding MDW. 
Interested parties were invited to participate in this rulemaking 
effort by submitting written comments on the proposal. Two comments 
were received.

Discussion of Comments

    The first commenter, the Airline Pilots Association (ALPA), 
affirmed their support for the new MDW Class C airspace design. They 
also commented against any proposals the FAA may receive aiming to 
raise the proposed Class C airspace floor over Lake Michigan above 
2,300 feet mean sea level (MSL). In their concern, they cited such a 
proposed action may result in increased Traffic Collision Avoidance 
System (TCAS) Resolution Advisory (RA) events, unstable and/or missed 
approaches, near midair collisions (NMAC), or midair collisions between 
commercial and general aviation aircraft.
    The FAA appreciates ALPA's support for the new MDW Class C airspace 
design. To their comment associated with any proposals submitted to the 
FAA aiming to raise the Class C airspace floor over Lake Michigan, no 
comments or proposals addressing that concern were received. Further, 
the FAA is not considering any amendment to the Class C airspace design 
that was proposed in the NPRM published in the Federal Register of 
October 26, 2022.
    The second commenter, the Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association 
(AOPA), was supportive of the proposed change. In addition, AOPA 
commented that changes were needed to the Letter of Agreement (LOA) 
between Chicago Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) and Midway 
Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) regarding visual approaches to 
Runway 22L. They referenced the FAA's response to a pre-NPRM Ad Hoc 
Committee recommendation which stated the aforementioned LOA currently 
required that IFR aircraft conducting visual approaches to Runway 22L 
must only maintain 2,500 feet MSL until contacting the MDW ATCT. AOPA's 
concern was that the altitude constraint could easily lead to IFR 
aircraft crossing the Chicago lakefront VFR flyway only 200 feet above 
the proposed 2,300-foot Class C floor and result in possible wake 
turbulence issues, loss of separation, or more frequent TCAS RAs. AOPA 
acknowledged Runway 22L visual approaches are rarely used but believed 
the FAA should alter the LOA to require IFR aircraft conducting Runway 
22L visual approaches to remain at or above 3,000 feet AGL until 
reaching the Chicago lakefront (or until reaching the DXXON waypoint).
    The FAA appreciates AOPA's support and offers the following to 
their comment. In response to AOPA's comment with respect to requiring 
IFR aircraft conducting Runway 22L visual approaches to remain at or 
above 3,000 feet MSL until reaching the Chicago lakefront or the DXXON 
waypoint, the FAA revisited the Ad Hoc Committee's recommendation on 
the same requirement for aircraft flying visual approaches to Runway 
22L from the east. The FAA reconsidered the Ad Hoc Committee's 
recommendation and AOPA's request for IFR aircraft conducting Runway 
22L visual approaches to remain at or above 3,000 feet MSL until the 
Chicago lakefront or DXXON waypoint. After reconsideration of the 
recommendation and the request, the FAA agrees and will support the 
requested altitude requirement, to the maximum extent possible, for 
visual approaches flown to Runway 22L from the east.
    The transfer of communications and control point from the Chicago 
TRACON to the MDW ATCT for IFR aircraft inbound to MDW Runway 22L from 
the east, whether on an instrument or visual approach, is over land 
beyond the Chicago lakefront VFR flyway and the DXXON waypoint. As 
such, IFR aircraft inbound to MDW Runway 22L remain under Chicago 
TRACON's control until after they pass the Chicago lakefront VFR flyway 
or DXXON waypoint. As an alternative to AOPA's request to update the 
LOA between Chicago TRACON and MDW ATCT, the

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FAA determined that documenting the operational guidance for keeping 
IFR aircraft flying visual approaches to MDW Runway 22L from the east 
at or above 3,000 feet MSL would be better located in Chicago TRACON's 
operating procedures. Therefore, the existing LOA between Chicago 
TRACON and MDW ATCT will not be amended as requested.
    Additionally, visual approaches are never advertised as the 
approach in use at MDW and all IFR aircraft arriving from the east are 
sequenced on the final approach course for the Area Navigation (RNAV) 
approaches when Runway 22L is the active runway. Should an IFR pilot 
established on the Runway 22L final approach course from the east 
report visual contact with MDW and request a visual approach, Chicago 
TRACON controllers would issue an altitude restriction of 3,000 feet 
MSL until reaching the DXXON waypoint, then clear the aircraft for the 
visual approach as a routine practice. However, in the event of 
emergency situations or safety of flight requirements, the Chicago 
TRACON may require IFR aircraft to operate at other Class C airspace 
altitudes as the situation requires.

Incorporation by Reference

    Class C airspace designations are published in paragraph 4000 of 
FAA Order JO 7400.11, Airspace Designations and Reporting Points, which 
is incorporated by reference in 14 CFR 71.1 on an annual basis. This 
document amends the current version of that order, FAA Order JO 
7400.11G, dated August 19, 2022, and effective September 15, 2022. FAA 
Order JO 7400.11G is publicly available as listed in the ADDRESSES 
section of this document. This amendment will be published in the next 
update to FAA Order JO 7400.11.
    FAA Order JO 7400.11G lists Class A, B, C, D, and E airspace areas, 
air traffic service routes, and reporting points.

The Rule

    This action amends 14 CFR part 71 by modifying the Chicago, IL, 
Class C airspace surrounding MDW by extending the airspace shelf 
further around the airport on the east side to end northeast of the 
airport. This amendment enhances flight safety in the MDW terminal area 
(see the attached chart).
    The current Chicago, IL, Class C airspace consists of two 
concentric circles, a surface area and an airspace shelf, centered on 
the MDW airport reference point: (1) that airspace extending upward 
from the surface to 3,600 feet MSL within a 5 NM radius of the airport; 
and (2) that airspace extending upward from 1,900 feet MSL to 3,600 
feet MSL between 5 NM and 10 NM from 2-miles northeast of and parallel 
to the MDW RWY 31C localizer course southeast of the airport, clockwise 
to the Chicago O'Hare Class B airspace area northwest of the airport. 
The Class C airspace area excludes the airspace within the adjacent 
Chicago, IL, Class B airspace area.
    This action modifies the Chicago, IL, Class C airspace area by 
extending the existing airspace shelf between 5 NM and 10 NM further 
around MDW on the east side from the existing boundary located 2 NM 
northeast of and parallel to the MDW RWY 31C localizer course to a new 
boundary defined by the 090[deg] bearing of the intersection of the 10-
mile radius around the Chicago O'Hare International Airport and the 5-
mile radius around MDW. The new Class C airspace shelf extends from the 
Chicago Class B airspace located northwest of MDW counterclockwise 
around MDW to a boundary slightly south of Interstate 290 located 
northeast of MDW and includes the airspace over Chicago and Lake 
Michigan between 5 NM and 10 NM of MDW. The portion of the Class C 
airspace shelf over land retains the existing airspace shelf altitudes 
extending upward from 1,900 feet MSL to 3,600 feet MSL and the portion 
of the Class C airspace shelf over Lake Michigan extends upward from 
2,300 feet MSL to 3,600 feet MSL. The exclusion of the airspace within 
the Chicago, IL, Class B airspace area is retained.
    This modified Class C airspace shelf enhances flight safety in the 
MDW terminal area by encompassing the MDW RNAV RWY 22L approaches for 
IFR aircraft, retaining the VFR flyway along the Lake Michigan 
shoreline outside Class C airspace for VFR pilots that elect not to 
communicate with ATC and fly within the Class C airspace, and 
preserving the VFR sightseeing operations north of Interstate 290 
without impact.

Regulatory Notices and Analyses

    Federal agencies consider impacts of regulatory actions under a 
variety of executive orders and other requirements. First, Executive 
Order 12866 and Executive Order 13563 direct that each Federal agency 
shall propose or adopt a regulation only upon a reasoned determination 
that the benefits of the intended regulation justify its costs. Second, 
the Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-354) requires 
agencies to analyze the economic impact of regulatory changes on small 
entities. Third, the Trade Agreements Act (Pub. L. 96-39) prohibits 
agencies from setting standards that create unnecessary obstacles to 
the foreign commerce of the United States. In developing U.S. 
standards, this Trade Act requires agencies to consider international 
standards and, where appropriate, that they be the basis of U.S. 
standards. Fourth, the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 
104-4) requires agencies to prepare a written assessment of the costs, 
benefits, and other effects of proposed or final rules that include a 
Federal mandate likely to result in the expenditure by State, local, or 
tribal governments, in the aggregate, or by the private sector, of $100 
million or more annually (adjusted for inflation with base year of 
1995). The current threshold after adjustment for inflation is 
$165,000,000, using the most current (2021) Implicit Price Deflator for 
the Gross Domestic Product. This portion of the preamble summarizes the 
FAA's analysis of the economic impacts of this final rule.
    In conducting these analyses, the FAA determined that this final 
rule: will result in minimal cost; is not an economically ``significant 
regulatory action'' as defined in section 3(f) of Executive Order 
12866; will not have a significant economic impact on a substantial 
number of small entities; will not create unnecessary obstacles to the 
foreign commerce of the United States; and will not impose an unfunded 
mandate on State, local, or tribal governments, or on the private 
sector. These analyses are summarized below.
    As discussed above, the FAA determined that changes put forth in 
this rule will increase airspace safety with minimal cost impact. The 
final rule extends the Class C airspace area surrounding MDW Airport to 
reduce the risk of midair collisions and enhance the efficient 
management of air traffic operations in the MDW terminal area. The 
costs of the rule are the value of resources needed to comply with the 
airspace changes. In this case, VFR pilots desiring to fly at their 
current altitudes within the proposed Class C airspace are required to 
establish two-way communications with ATC. VFR pilots flying in the 
vicinity of MDW are likely equipped for this communication and as such 
this change would involve only minimal time for awareness and planning. 
The FAA also does not anticipate increased staffing needs. Therefore, 
costs are likely minimal.

Regulatory Flexibility Act

    The Regulatory Flexibility Act of 1980 (Pub. L. 96-354) (RFA) 
establishes ``as a principle of regulatory issuance that

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agencies shall endeavor, consistent with the objectives of the rule and 
of applicable statutes, to fit regulatory and informational 
requirements to the scale of the businesses, organizations, and 
governmental jurisdictions subject to regulation.'' To achieve this 
principle, agencies are required to solicit and consider flexible 
regulatory proposals and to explain the rationale for their actions to 
assure that such proposals are given serious consideration.'' The RFA 
covers a wide range of small entities, including small businesses, not-
for-profit organizations, and small governmental jurisdictions.
    Agencies must perform a review to determine whether a rule will 
have a significant economic impact on a substantial number of small 
entities. If the agency determines that it will, the agency must 
prepare a regulatory flexibility analysis as described in the RFA. 
However, if an agency determines that a rule is not expected to have a 
significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities, 
section 605(b) of the RFA provides that the head of the agency may so 
certify and a regulatory flexibility analysis is not required. The 
certification must include a statement providing the factual basis for 
this determination, and the reasoning should be clear.
    The final rule amends 14 CFR part 71 by modifying the Chicago, IL, 
Class C airspace area to extend the airspace shelf around MDW further 
around the airport on the east side to end northeast of the airport. 
The FAA is taking this action to reduce the risk of midair collisions 
and enhance the efficient management of air traffic operations in the 
MDW terminal area. The rule will affect VFR pilots desiring to fly at 
their current altitudes within the proposed Class C airspace. These 
pilots will need to establish two-way communications with ATC; however, 
they are likely equipped for this communication and as such this change 
would involve only minimal time for awareness and planning. The final 
rule results in a minimal economic impact on small entities. Therefore, 
as provided in section 605(b), the head of the FAA certifies that this 
rulemaking does not result in a significant economic impact on a 
substantial number of small entities.

International Trade Impact Assessment

    The Trade Agreements Act of 1979 (Pub. L. 96-39), as amended by the 
Uruguay Round Agreements Act (Pub. L. 103-465), prohibits Federal 
agencies from establishing standards or engaging in related activities 
that create unnecessary obstacles to the foreign commerce of the United 
States. Pursuant to these Acts, the establishment of standards is not 
considered an unnecessary obstacle to the foreign commerce of the 
United States, so long as the standard has a legitimate domestic 
objective, such as the protection of safety, and does not operate in a 
manner that excludes imports that meet this objective. The statute also 
requires consideration of international standards and, where 
appropriate, that they be the basis for U.S. standards. The FAA has 
assessed the potential effect of this final rule and determined that it 
should improve safety and is consistent with the Trade Agreements Act.

Unfunded Mandates Assessment

    The Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (2 U.S.C. 1531-1538) 
governs the issuance of Federal regulations that require unfunded 
mandates. An unfunded mandate is a regulation that requires a state, 
local, or tribal government or the private sector to incur direct costs 
without the Federal government having first provided the funds to pay 
those costs. The FAA determined that the proposed rule will not result 
in the expenditure of $165,000,000 or more by State, local, or tribal 
governments, in the aggregate, or the private sector, in any one year.

Paperwork Reduction Act

    The Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (44 U.S.C. 3507(d)) requires 
that the FAA consider the impact of paperwork and other information 
collection burdens imposed on the public. The FAA determined that there 
is no new information collection requirement associated with this 
proposed rule.

Environmental Review

    The FAA determined that this action of amending the Chicago, IL, 
Class C airspace area by extending the airspace shelf between 5 NM and 
10 NM further around MDW on the east side from the existing boundary 
located southeast of MDW to a new boundary slightly south of Interstate 
290 located northeast of MDW qualifies for categorical exclusion under 
the National Environmental Policy Act (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.) and its 
implementing regulations at 40 CFR part 1500, and in accordance with 
FAA Order 1050.1F, Environmental Impacts: Policies and Procedures, 
paragraph 5-6.5a, which categorically excludes from further 
environmental impact review rulemaking actions that designate or modify 
classes of airspace areas, airways, routes, and reporting points (see 
14 CFR part 71, Designation of Class A, B, C, D, and E Airspace Areas; 
Air Traffic Service Routes; and Reporting Points). As such, this action 
is not expected to result in any potentially significant environmental 
impacts. In accordance with FAA Order 1050.1F, paragraph 5-2 regarding 
Extraordinary Circumstances, the FAA reviewed this action for factors 
and circumstances in which a normally categorically excluded action may 
have a significant environmental impact requiring further analysis. 
Accordingly, the FAA determined that no extraordinary circumstances 
exist that warrant preparation of an environmental assessment or 
environmental impact study.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 71

    Airspace, Incorporation by reference, Navigation (air).

The Amendment

    In consideration of the foregoing, the Federal Aviation 
Administration amends 14 CFR Part 71 as follows:

PART 71--DESIGNATION OF CLASS A, B, C, D, AND E AIRSPACE AREAS; AIR 
TRAFFIC SERVICE ROUTES; AND REPORTING POINTS

0
1. The authority citation for 14 CFR part 71 continues to read as 
follows:

    Authority:  49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40103, 40113, 40120; E.O. 
10854, 24 FR 9565, 3 CFR, 1959-1963 Comp., p. 389.


Sec.  71.1  [Amended]

0
2. The incorporation by reference in 14 CFR 71.1 of FAA Order JO 
7400.11G, Airspace Designations and Reporting Points, dated August 19, 
2022, and effective September 15, 2022, is amended as follows:

Paragraph 4000 Class C Airspace.

* * * * *

AGL IL C Chicago, IL [Amended]

Chicago Midway International Airport, IL
    (Lat. 41[deg]47'10'' N, long. 087[deg]45'09'' W)

    That airspace extending upward from the surface to 3,600 feet 
MSL within a 5-mile radius of the Chicago Midway International 
Airport; that airspace extending upward from 1,900 feet MSL to 3,600 
feet MSL within an area beginning at a point north of Chicago Midway 
International Airport at the intersection of the 10-mile radius 
around a point centered at lat. 41[deg]59'16'' N, long. 
087[deg]54'17'' W and the 5-mile radius of the Chicago Midway 
International Airport, thence extending on a 090[deg] bearing to the 
Lake Michigan shoreline at lat. 41[deg]52'09'' N, long. 
087[deg]36'59'' W, thence southward following the shoreline to the 
10-mile radius of the Chicago Midway International Airport at lat. 
41[deg]44'59'' N, long. 087[deg]32'06'' W, thence clockwise along 
that 10-mile radius to the intersection with the 10.5-mile radius 
around a point centered at lat. 41[deg]59'16'' N,

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long. 087[deg]54'17'' W, thence counterclockwise along that 10.5-
mile radius to the intersection with the 5-mile radius of the 
Chicago Midway International Airport, thence counterclockwise along 
that 5-mile radius to the intersection with the 10-mile radius 
around a point centered at lat. 41[deg]59'16'' N, long. 
087[deg]54'17'' W; and that airspace extending upward from 2,300 
feet MSL to 3,600 feet MSL within an area beginning at a point on 
the Lake Michigan shoreline at lat. 41[deg]52'09'' N, long. 
087[deg]36'59'' W, thence extending on a 090[deg] bearing to the 10-
mile radius of the Chicago Midway International Airport, thence 
clockwise along that 10-mile radius to the Lake Michigan shoreline 
at lat. 41[deg]44'59'' N, long. 087[deg]32'06'' W, thence northward 
following the shoreline to lat. 41[deg]52'09'' N, long. 
087[deg]36'59'' W. This Class C airspace area excludes the airspace 
within the Chicago, IL, Class B airspace area.
* * * * *

MODIFICATION OF THE CHICAGO MIDWAY INTERNATIONAL AIRPORT CLASS C 
AIRSPACE AREA (Docket Number 22-AWA-2)
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR23MR23.002


    Issued in Washington, DC, on March 15, 2023.
Brian Konie,
Acting Manager, Airspace Rules and Regulations.
[FR Doc. 2023-05632 Filed 3-22-23; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 4910-13-P


