[Federal Register Volume 83, Number 214 (Monday, November 5, 2018)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 55247-55249]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2018-24104]



 ========================================================================
 Rules and Regulations
                                                 Federal Register
 ________________________________________________________________________
 
 This section of the FEDERAL REGISTER contains regulatory documents 
 having general applicability and legal effect, most of which are keyed 
 to and codified in the Code of Federal Regulations, which is published 
 under 50 titles pursuant to 44 U.S.C. 1510.
 
 The Code of Federal Regulations is sold by the Superintendent of Documents. 
 
 ========================================================================
 

  Federal Register / Vol. 83, No. 214 / Monday, November 5, 2018 / 
Rules and Regulations  

[[Page 55247]]



DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION

Federal Aviation Administration

14 CFR Part 25

[Docket No. FAA-2016-4159; Special Conditions No. 25-735-SC]


Special Conditions: Bombardier Inc. Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-
2A13 Airplanes; Enhanced Flight Vision System (EFVS)

AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT.

ACTION: Final special conditions; request for comments.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: These special conditions are issued for the Bombardier Inc. 
(Bombardier) Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 airplanes. These 
airplanes will have a novel or unusual design feature associated with 
an enhanced flight-vision system. The applicable airworthiness 
regulations do not contain adequate or appropriate safety standards for 
this design feature. These special conditions contain the additional 
safety standards that the Administrator considers necessary to 
establish a level of safety equivalent to that established by the 
existing airworthiness standards.

DATES: This action is effective on Bombardier on November 5, 2018. Send 
your comments by December 20, 2018.

ADDRESSES: Send comments identified by docket number FAA-2016-4159 
using any of the following methods:
     Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov/ and follow the online instructions for sending 
your comments electronically.
     Mail: Send comments to Docket Operations, M-30, U.S. 
Department of Transportation (DOT), 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, Room 
W12-140, West Building Ground Floor, Washington, DC, 20590-0001.
     Hand Delivery or Courier: Take comments to Docket 
Operations in Room W12-140 of the West Building Ground Floor at 1200 
New Jersey Avenue SE, Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday 
through Friday, except federal holidays.
     Fax: Fax comments to Docket Operations at 202-493-2251.
    Privacy: The FAA will post all comments it receives, without 
change, to http://www.regulations.gov/, including any personal 
information the commenter provides. Using the search function of the 
docket website, anyone can find and read the electronic form of all 
comments received into any FAA docket, including the name of the 
individual sending the comment (or signing the comment for an 
association, business, labor union, etc.). DOT's complete Privacy Act 
Statement can be found in the Federal Register published on April 11, 
2000 (65 FR 19477-19478), as well as at http://DocketsInfo.dot.gov/ gov/.
    Docket: Background documents or comments received may be read at 
http://www.regulations.gov/ at any time. Follow the online instructions 
for accessing the docket or go to the Docket Operations in Room W12-140 
of the West Building Ground Floor at 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE, 
Washington, DC, between 9 a.m. and 5 p.m., Monday through Friday, 
except federal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: John Stuber, FAA, Airframe and Cabin 
Safety Section, AIR-671, Transport Standards Branch, Policy and 
Innovation Division, Aircraft Certification Service, Federal Aviation 
Administration, 2200 South 216th Street, Des Moines, Washington 98198; 
telephone and fax 206-231-3164; email [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The substance of these special conditions 
previously has been published in the Federal Register for public 
comment. These special conditions have been derived without substantive 
change from those previously issued. It is unlikely that prior public 
comment would result in a significant change from the substance 
contained herein. Therefore, the FAA has determined that prior public 
notice and comment are unnecessary, and finds that, for the same 
reason, good cause exists for adopting these special conditions upon 
publication in the Federal Register. Comments Invited
    The FAA is requesting comments to allow interested persons to 
submit views that may not have been submitted in response to prior 
opportunities for comment described above. We invite interested people 
to take part in this rulemaking by sending written comments, data, or 
views. The most helpful comments reference a specific portion of the 
special conditions, explain the reason for any recommended change, and 
include supporting data.
    We will consider all comments we receive by the closing date for 
comments. We may change these special conditions based on the comments 
we receive.

Background

    On May 30, 2012, Bombardier applied for an amendment to type 
certificate no. T00003NY to include the new Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-
700-2A13 airplanes. These airplanes are derivatives of the Model BD-700 
series of airplanes and are marketed as the Bombardier Global 7000 
(Model BD-700-2A12) and Global 8000 (Model BD-700-2A13). These 
airplanes are twin-engine, transport-category, executive-interior 
business jets. The maximum passenger capacity is 19 and the maximum 
takeoff weights are 106,250 lbs. (Model BD-700-2A12) and 104,800 lbs. 
(Model BD-700-2A13).

Type Certification Basis

    Under the provisions of title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (14 
CFR) 21.101, Bombardier must show that the Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-
700-2A13 airplanes meet the applicable provisions of the regulations 
listed in Type Certificate No. T00003NY, or the applicable regulations 
in effect on the date of application for the change, except for earlier 
amendments as agreed upon by the FAA.
    If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness 
regulations (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do not contain adequate or 
appropriate safety standards for the Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 
airplanes because of a novel or unusual design feature, special 
conditions are prescribed under the provisions of Sec.  21.16.
    Special conditions are applicable to the model for which they are 
issued. Should the type certificate for that model be amended later to 
include any other model that incorporates the same novel or unusual 
design feature, or should any other model already included on the same 
type certificate be

[[Page 55248]]

modified to incorporate the same novel or unusual design feature, these 
special conditions would also apply to the other model under Sec.  
21.101.
    In addition to the applicable airworthiness regulations and special 
conditions, the Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 airplanes must comply 
with the fuel-vent and exhaust-emission requirements of 14 CFR part 34, 
and the noise-certification requirements of 14 CFR part 36.
    The FAA issues special conditions, as defined in 14 CFR 11.19, in 
accordance with Sec.  11.38, and they become part of the type 
certification basis under Sec.  21.101.

Novel or Unusual Design Features

    The Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 airplanes will incorporate 
the following novel or unusual design features:
    Installation of an enhanced flight-vision system (EFVS).

Discussion

    When the FAA began to evaluate the display of enhanced flight-
vision system (EFVS) imagery on the head-up display, significant 
potential to obscure the outside view became apparent, contrary to the 
requirements of Sec.  25.773. Section 25.773 does not permit 
distortions and reflections in the pilot-compartment view that can 
interfere with normal duties, and was not written in anticipation of 
EFVS technology. The EFVS video image potentially interferes with the 
pilot's ability to see the natural scene in the center of the forward 
field of view.
    The FAA issued special conditions for such HUD/EFVS installations 
to ensure that the level of safety required by Sec.  25.773 would be 
met even when the image might partially obscure the outside view. 
Unlike the pilot's natural forward vision, the EFVS image is infrared-
based, monochrome, 2-dimensional (i.e., providing no depth perception), 
and of lower resolution. Although the pilot may be able to see around 
and through small, individual symbols on the HUD, the pilot may not be 
able to see around or through the image that fills the display without 
some interference of the outside view. Nevertheless, the EFVS may be 
capable of meeting the required level of safety when considering the 
combined view of the image and the outside scene visible to the pilot 
through the image. It is essential that the pilot can use this 
combination of image and natural view of the outside scene as safely 
and effectively as is the pilot-compartment view currently available 
without the EFVS image.
    Because Sec.  25.773, at the applicable amendment level, does not 
provide for any alternatives or considerations for a novel or unusual 
design feature, the FAA establishes safety requirements that assure an 
equivalent level of safety and effectiveness of the pilot-compartment 
view as intended by that rule. The purpose of these special conditions 
is to provide the unique pilot-compartment-view requirements for the 
EFVS installation.
    Compliance with these special conditions is required for the EFVS 
to be found acceptable, for the following intended functions, in 
accordance with Sec.  [thinsp]91.176(b):
    1. Presenting an image that would aid the pilot during a straight-
in instrument approach.
    2. Enable the pilot to determine the ``enhanced flight 
visibility,'' as required by Sec.  [thinsp]91.176(b)(3), for descent 
and operation below MDA/DH.
    3. Enable the pilot to use the EFVS imagery to detect and identify 
the ``visual references for the intended runway,'' required by Sec.  
[thinsp]91.176(b)(3), to continue the approach with vertical guidance 
to 100 feet height above touchdown-zone elevation.

    Note: The term ``Enhanced Vision System,'' or EVS, commonly 
refers to a system comprising a HUD, imaging sensor(s), and avionics 
interface(s) that displays the sensor imagery on the HUD and 
overlays it with alpha-numeric and symbolic flight information. 
However, the term has also been used to refer to systems that 
display the sensor imagery, with or without other flight 
information, on a head-down display. Therefore, to avoid confusion, 
the FAA has defined the term ``Enhanced Flight Vision System'' 
(EFVS) to refer to certain EVS that meet the requirements of Sec.  
[thinsp]91.176(b), in particular the requirement for a HUD and 
specified flight information, and the ability to determine 
``enhanced flight visibility.'' Accordingly, an EFVS can be 
considered a subset of systems otherwise labeled EVS.

    These special conditions contain the additional safety standards 
that the Administrator considers necessary to establish a level of 
safety equivalent to that established by the existing airworthiness 
standards.

Applicability

    As discussed above, these special conditions are applicable to 
Bombardier Inc. Model BD-700-2A12 and BD-700-2A13 airplanes. Should 
Bombardier Inc. apply at a later date for a change to the type 
certificate to include another model incorporating the same novel or 
unusual design feature, the special conditions would apply to that 
model as well.

Conclusion

    This action affects only certain novel or unusual design features 
on two models of airplanes. It is not a rule of general applicability.

List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 25

    Aircraft, Aviation safety, Reporting and recordkeeping 
requirements.

Authority Citation

    The authority citation for these special conditions is as follows:

    Authority:  49 U.S.C. 106(f), 106(g), 40113, 44701, 44702, 
44704.

The Special Conditions

0
Accordingly, pursuant to the authority delegated to me by the 
Administrator, the following special conditions are issued as part of 
the type certification basis for Bombardier Inc. Model BD-700-2A12 and 
BD-700-2A13 airplanes.
    1. EFVS imagery on the HUD must not degrade the safety of flight, 
nor interfere with the effective use of outside visual references for 
required pilot tasks, during any phase of flight in which it is to be 
used.
    2. To avoid unacceptable interference with the safe and effective 
use of the pilot-compartment view, the EFVS device must meet the 
following requirements:
    a. EFVS design must minimize unacceptable display characteristics 
or artifacts (e.g. noise, ``burlap'' overlay, running water droplets) 
that obscure the desired image of the scene, impair the pilot's ability 
to detect and identify visual references, mask flight hazards, distract 
the pilot, or otherwise degrade task performance or safety.
    b. Control of EFVS display brightness must be sufficiently 
effective, in dynamically changing background (ambient) lighting 
conditions, to prevent full or partial blooming of the display that 
would distract the pilot, impair the pilot's ability to detect and 
identify visual references, mask flight hazards, or otherwise degrade 
task performance or safety. If automatic control for image brightness 
is not provided, it must be shown that a single manual setting is 
satisfactory for the range of lighting conditions encountered during a 
time-critical, high-workload phase of flight (e.g., low-visibility 
instrument approach).
    c. A readily accessible control must be provided that permits the 
pilot to immediately deactivate and reactivate display of the EFVS 
image on demand, without removing the pilot's hands from the primary 
flight controls (yoke or equivalent) or thrust control.
    d. The EFVS image on the HUD must not impair the pilot's use of 
guidance

[[Page 55249]]

information, or degrade the presentation and pilot awareness of 
essential flight information displayed on the HUD, such as alerts, 
airspeed, attitude, altitude and direction, approach guidance, wind-
shear guidance, TCAS resolution advisories, and unusual-attitude 
recovery cues.
    e. The EFVS image and the HUD symbols, which are spatially 
referenced to the pitch scale, outside view, and image, must be scaled 
and aligned (i.e., conformal) to the external scene and, when 
considered singly or in combination, must not be misleading, cause 
pilot confusion, or increase workload. Airplane attitudes or cross-wind 
conditions may cause certain symbols, such as the zero-pitch line or 
flight-path vector, to reach field-of-view limits such that they cannot 
be positioned conformably with the image and external scene. In such 
cases, these symbols may be displayed, but with an altered appearance 
(e.g., ``ghosting'') which makes the pilot aware that they are no 
longer displayed conformally.
    f. A HUD system that displays EFVS images must, if previously 
certified, continue to meet all of the requirements of the original 
approval.
    3. The safety and performance of the pilot tasks associated with 
the use of the pilot-compartment view must be not be degraded by the 
display of the EFVS image. Pilot tasks, which must not be degraded by 
the EFVS image, include:
    a. Detection, accurate identification, and maneuvering, as 
necessary, to avoid traffic, terrain, obstacles, and other hazards of 
flight.
    b. Accurate identification and utilization of visual references 
required for every task relevant to the phase of flight.
    4. Use of EFVS for instrument approach operations must be in 
accordance with the provisions of the applicable Sec.  91.176 
operational rule. Appropriate limitations must be stated in the 
Operating Limitations section of the Airplane Flight Manual to prohibit 
the use of the EFVS for functions that have not been found to be 
acceptable.

    Issued in Des Moines, Washington, on October 29, 2018.
Victor Wicklund,
Manager, Transport Standards Branch, Policy and Innovation Division, 
Aircraft Certification Service.
[FR Doc. 2018-24104 Filed 11-2-18; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 4910-13-P


