
[Federal Register Volume 79, Number 58 (Wednesday, March 26, 2014)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 16711-16722]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2014-06664]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 52

[EPA-R10-OAR-2010-0715, FRL-9908-68-Region 10]


Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Idaho: 
Infrastructure Requirements for the 1997 and 2006 Fine Particulate 
Matter and 2008 Ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standards

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to find 
that the Idaho SIP meets the infrastructure requirements of the Clean 
Air Act (CAA) for the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 
promulgated for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) on July 18, 
1997 and October 17, 2006, and for ozone on March 12, 2008. The EPA is 
also proposing to find that the Idaho SIP meets the interstate 
transport requirements of the CAA related to prevention of significant 
deterioration and visibility for the 2006 PM2.5 and 2008 
ozone NAAQS.

DATES: Comments must be received on or before April 25, 2014.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R10-
OAR-2010-0715, by any of the following methods:
     www.regulations.gov: Follow the on-line instructions for 
submitting comments.
     Email: R10-Public_Comments@epa.gov.
     Mail: Kristin Hall, EPA Region 10, Office of Air, Waste 
and Toxics (AWT-107), 1200 Sixth Avenue, Suite 900, Seattle, WA 98101.
     Hand Delivery/Courier: EPA Region 10 Mailroom, 9th floor, 
1200 Sixth Avenue, Suite 900, Seattle, WA 98101. Attention: Kristin 
Hall, Office of Air, Waste and Toxics, AWT-107. Such deliveries are 
only accepted during normal hours of operation, and special 
arrangements should be made for deliveries of boxed information.
    Instructions: Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-R10-OAR-
2010-0715. The EPA's policy is that all comments received will be 
included in the public docket without change and may be made available 
online at www.regulations.gov, including any personal information 
provided, unless the comment includes information claimed to be 
Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other information the 
disclosure of which is restricted by statute. Do not submit information 
that you consider to be CBI or otherwise protected through 
www.regulations.gov or email. The www.regulations.gov Web site is an 
``anonymous access'' system, which means the EPA will not know your 
identity or contact information unless you provide it in the body of 
your comment. If you send an email comment directly to the EPA without 
going through www.regulations.gov your email address will be 
automatically captured and included as part of the comment that is 
placed in the public docket and made available on the Internet. If you 
submit an electronic comment, the EPA recommends that you include your 
name and other contact information in the body of your comment and with 
any disk or CD-ROM you submit. If the EPA cannot read your comment due 
to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for clarification, the 
EPA may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic files should 
avoid the use of special characters, any form of encryption, and be 
free of any defects or viruses.
    Docket: All documents in the docket are listed in the 
www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, some 
information is not publicly available, e.g., CBI or other information 
the disclosure of which is restricted by statute. Certain other 
material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the Internet 
and will be publicly available only in hard copy. Publicly available 
docket materials are available either electronically in 
www.regulations.gov or in hard copy during normal business hours at the 
Office of Air, Waste and Toxics, EPA

[[Page 16712]]

Region 10, 1200 Sixth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98101.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Kristin Hall at (206) 553-6357, 
hall.kristin@epa.gov, or the above EPA, Region 10 address.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document wherever ``we,'' 
``us,'' or ``our'' is used, it is intended to refer to the EPA. 
Information is organized as follows:

Table of Contents

I. Background
II. CAA Sections 110(a)(1) and (2) Infrastructure Elements
III. EPA Approach To Review of Infrastructure SIP Submittals
IV. Analysis of the State Submittals
V. Proposed Action
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

I. Background

    On July 18, 1997, the EPA promulgated a new 24-hour and a new 
annual NAAQS for fine particulate matter (PM2.5) (62 FR 
38652). More recently, on October 17, 2006, the EPA revised the 
standards for fine particulate matter, tightening the 24-hour 
PM2.5 standard from 65 micrograms per cubic meter ([mu]/
m\3\) to 35 [micro]/m\3\, and retaining the current annual 
PM2.5 standard at 15 [mu]/m\3\ (71 FR 61144). Subsequently, 
on March 12, 2008, the EPA revised the levels of the primary and 
secondary 8-hour ozone standards to 0.075 parts per million (73 FR 
16436).
    The CAA requires that states submit SIPs meeting the requirements 
of CAA sections 110(a)(1) and (2) within three years after promulgation 
of a new or revised standard. CAA sections 110(a)(1) and (2) require 
states to address basic SIP requirements, including emissions 
inventories, monitoring, and modeling to assure attainment and 
maintenance of the standards, so-called ``infrastructure'' 
requirements. To help states meet this statutory requirement, the EPA 
issued guidance to states. On October 2, 2007, the EPA issued guidance 
to address infrastructure SIP elements for the 1997 ozone and 1997 
PM2.5 NAAQS.\1\ Subsequently, on September 25, 2009, the EPA 
issued guidance to address SIP infrastructure elements for the 2006 24-
hour PM2.5 NAAQS.\2\ Finally, on September 13, 2013, the EPA 
issued guidance to address infrastructure SIP elements for the 2008 
ozone NAAQS.\3\ As noted in the guidance documents, to the extent an 
existing SIP already meets the CAA section 110(a)(2) requirements, 
states may certify that fact via a letter to the EPA.
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    \1\ William T. Harnett, Director, Air Quality Policy Division, 
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. ``Guidance on SIP 
Elements Required Under Sections 110(a)(1) and (2) for the 1997 8-
hour Ozone and PM2.5 National Ambient Air Quality 
Standards.'' Memorandum to EPA Air Division Directors, Regions I-X, 
October 2, 2007.
    \2\ William T. Harnett, Director, Air Quality Policy Division, 
Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards. ``Guidance on SIP 
Elements Required Under Sections 110(a)(1) and (2) for the 2006 24-
hour Fine Particle (PM2.5) National Ambient Air Quality 
Standards (NAAQS).'' Memorandum to Regional Air Division Directors, 
Regions I-X, September 25, 2009.
    \3\ Stephen D. Page, Director, Office of Air Quality Planning 
and Standards. ``Guidance on Infrastructure State Implementation 
Plan (SIP) Elements under Clean Air Act Sections 110(a)(1) and 
110(a)(2).'' Memorandum to EPA Air Division Directors, Regions 1-10, 
September 13, 2013.
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    The State of Idaho made multiple submittals for purposes of meeting 
the requirements of CAA sections 110(a)(1) and (2). On September 15, 
2008, Idaho submitted a certification that Idaho's SIP meets the 
infrastructure requirements for the 1997 8-hour ozone and 1997 
PM2.5 NAAQS. On June 28, 2010, Idaho submitted the Idaho 
Interstate Transport State Implementation Plan, in addition to an 
updated certification that Idaho's SIP meets the infrastructure 
requirements for the 1997 and 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS, and the 1997 
and 2008 ozone NAAQS. Finally, on August 10, 2011, Idaho submitted a 
certification confirming how Idaho's SIP meets the infrastructure 
requirements for the 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS.
    We note that this action does not address the infrastructure 
requirements of the CAA with respect to the 1997 ozone NAAQS which were 
previously approved on July 17, 2012 (77 FR 41916). This action also 
does not address the interstate transport requirements of certain 
portions of CAA section 110(a)(2)(D)(i). The EPA previously approved 
Idaho's submittal to address CAA section 110(a)(2)(D)(i) for the 1997 
ozone and 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS on November 26, 2010 (75 FR 
72705) and June 22, 2011 (76 FR 36329). Finally, we will address the 
interstate transport requirements of CAA section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) for 
the 2006 PM2.5 and 2008 ozone NAAQS in a separate action.

II. CAA Sections 110(a)(1) and (2) Infrastructure Elements

    CAA section 110(a)(1) provides the procedural and timing 
requirements for SIP submissions after a new or revised NAAQS is 
promulgated. CAA section 110(a)(2) lists specific elements that states 
must meet for infrastructure SIP requirements related to a newly 
established or revised NAAQS. These requirements include SIP 
infrastructure elements such as modeling, monitoring, and emissions 
inventories that are designed to assure attainment and maintenance of 
the NAAQS. The requirements, with their corresponding CAA subsection, 
are listed below:
     110(a)(2)(A): Emission limits and other control measures.
     110(a)(2)(B): Ambient air quality monitoring/data system.
     110(a)(2)(C): Program for enforcement of control measures.
     110(a)(2)(D): Interstate transport.\4\
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    \4\ In accordance with the panel of the U.S. Court of Appeals 
for the D.C. Circuit opinion, the EPA at this time is not treating 
the 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) SIP submission from the State of Idaho as a 
required SIP submission. See EME Homer City Generation, L.P. v. EPA, 
696 F .3d 7 (D.C. Cir. 2012), cert. granted, 2013 U.S. Lexis 4801 
(2013). However, even if the submission is not considered to be 
``required,'' the EPA must act on the 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) SIP 
submission from Idaho because section 110(k)(2) of the CAA requires 
the EPA to act on all SIP submissions. Unless the EME Homer City 
decision is reversed or otherwise modified by the Supreme Court, 
which granted review of the case on June 24, 2013, and held oral 
argument on December 10, 2013, states are not required to submit 
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) SIPs until the EPA has quantified their 
obligations under that section. The portions of the SIP submission 
relating to 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) and 110(a)(2)(D)(ii), in contrast, 
are required. In this notice, we are proposing to act on Idaho's 
submission relating to 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) and 110(a)(2)(D)(ii). We 
will address Idaho's submission relating to 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) in a 
separate action.
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     110(a)(2)(E): Adequate resources.
     110(a)(2)(F): Stationary source monitoring system.
     110(a)(2)(G): Emergency power.
     110(a)(2)(H): Future SIP revisions.
     110(a)(2)(I): Areas designated nonattainment and meet the 
applicable requirements of part D.
     110(a)(2)(J): Consultation with government officials; 
public notification; and Prevention of Significant Deterioration (PSD) 
and visibility protection.
     110(a)(2)(K): Air quality modeling/data.
     110(a)(2)(L): Permitting fees.
     110(a)(2)(M): Consultation/participation by affected local 
entities.
    The EPA's guidance clarified that two elements identified in CAA 
section 110(a)(2) are not governed by the three year submission 
deadline of CAA section 110(a)(1) because SIPs incorporating necessary 
local nonattainment area controls are not due within three years after 
promulgation of a new or revised NAAQS, but rather due at the time the 
nonattainment area plan requirements are due pursuant to CAA section 
172 and the various pollutant specific subparts 2-5 of part D. These 
requirements are: (i) Submissions required by CAA section 110(a)(2)(C) 
to the extent that subsection refers to a permit program as required in 
part D, title I of the CAA, and (ii) submissions required by CAA 
section 110(a)(2)(I)

[[Page 16713]]

which pertain to the nonattainment planning requirements of part D, 
title I of the CAA. As a result, this action does not address 
infrastructure elements related to CAA section 110(a)(2)(C) with 
respect to nonattainment new source review (NSR) or CAA section 
110(a)(2)(I). Furthermore, the EPA interprets the CAA section 
110(a)(2)(J) provision on visibility as not being triggered by a new 
NAAQS because the visibility requirements in part C, title I of the CAA 
are not changed by a new NAAQS.

III. EPA Approach To Review of Infrastructure SIP Submittals

    The EPA is acting upon the SIP submission from Idaho that addresses 
the infrastructure requirements of CAA sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) 
for the 1997 PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5, and 2008 ozone 
NAAQS. The requirement for states to make a SIP submission of this type 
arises out of CAA section 110(a)(1). Pursuant to section 110(a)(1), 
states must make SIP submissions ``within 3 years (or such shorter 
period as the Administrator may prescribe) after the promulgation of a 
national primary ambient air quality standard (or any revision 
thereof),'' and these SIP submissions are to provide for the 
``implementation, maintenance, and enforcement'' of such NAAQS. The 
statute directly imposes on states the duty to make these SIP 
submissions, and the requirement to make the submissions is not 
conditioned upon the EPA's taking any action other than promulgating a 
new or revised NAAQS. Section 110(a)(2) includes a list of specific 
elements that ``[e]ach such plan'' submission must address.
    The EPA has historically referred to these SIP submissions made for 
the purpose of satisfying the requirements of CAA sections 110(a)(1) 
and 110(a)(2) as ``infrastructure SIP'' submissions. Although the term 
``infrastructure SIP'' does not appear in the CAA, the EPA uses the 
term to distinguish this particular type of SIP submission from 
submissions that are intended to satisfy other SIP requirements under 
the CAA, such as ``nonattainment SIP'' or ``attainment plan SIP'' 
submissions to address the nonattainment planning requirements of part 
D of title I of the CAA, ``regional haze SIP'' submissions required by 
the EPA rule to address the visibility protection requirements of CAA 
section 169A, and nonattainment new source review permit program 
submissions to address the permit requirements of CAA, title I, part D.
    Section 110(a)(1) addresses the timing and general requirements for 
infrastructure SIP submissions, and section 110(a)(2) provides more 
details concerning the required contents of these submissions. The list 
of required elements provided in section 110(a)(2) contains a wide 
variety of disparate provisions, some of which pertain to required 
legal authority, some of which pertain to required substantive program 
provisions, and some of which pertain to requirements for both 
authority and substantive program provisions.\5\ The EPA therefore 
believes that while the timing requirement in section 110(a)(1) is 
unambiguous, some of the other statutory provisions are ambiguous. In 
particular, the EPA believes that the list of required elements for 
infrastructure SIP submissions provided in section 110(a)(2) contains 
ambiguities concerning what is required for inclusion in an 
infrastructure SIP submission.
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    \5\ For example: Section 110(a)(2)(E)(i) provides that states 
must provide assurances that they have adequate legal authority 
under state and local law to carry out the SIP; section 110(a)(2)(C) 
provides that states must have a SIP-approved program to address 
certain sources as required by part C of title I of the CAA; and 
section 110(a)(2)(G) provides that states must have legal authority 
to address emergencies as well as contingency plans that are 
triggered in the event of such emergencies.
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    The following examples of ambiguities illustrate the need for the 
EPA to interpret some section 110(a)(1) and section 110(a)(2) 
requirements with respect to infrastructure SIP submissions for a given 
new or revised NAAQS. One example of ambiguity is that section 
110(a)(2) requires that ``each'' SIP submission must meet the list of 
requirements therein, while the EPA has long noted that this literal 
reading of the statute is internally inconsistent and would create a 
conflict with the nonattainment provisions in part D of title I of the 
CAA, which specifically address nonattainment SIP requirements.\6\ 
Section 110(a)(2)(I) pertains to nonattainment SIP requirements and 
part D addresses when attainment plan SIP submissions to address 
nonattainment area requirements are due. For example, section 172(b) 
requires the EPA to establish a schedule for submission of such plans 
for certain pollutants when the Administrator promulgates the 
designation of an area as nonattainment, and section 107(d)(1)(B) 
allows up to two years, or in some cases three years, for such 
designations to be promulgated.\7\ This ambiguity illustrates that 
rather than apply all the stated requirements of section 110(a)(2) in a 
strict literal sense, the EPA must determine which provisions of 
section 110(a)(2) are applicable for a particular infrastructure SIP 
submission.
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    \6\ See, e.g., ``Rule To Reduce Interstate Transport of Fine 
Particulate Matter and Ozone (Clean Air Interstate Rule); Revisions 
to Acid Rain Program; Revisions to the NOX SIP Call; 
Final Rule,'' 70 FR 25162, at 25163-65 (May 12, 2005) (explaining 
relationship between timing requirement of section 110(a)(2)(D) 
versus section 110(a)(2)(I)).
    \7\ The EPA notes that this ambiguity within section 110(a)(2) 
is heightened by the fact that various subparts of part D set 
specific dates for submission of certain types of SIP submissions in 
designated nonattainment areas for various pollutants. Note, e.g., 
that section 182(a)(1) provides specific dates for submission of 
emissions inventories for the ozone NAAQS. Some of these specific 
dates are necessarily later than three years after promulgation of 
the new or revised NAAQS.
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    Another example of ambiguity within sections 110(a)(1) and 
110(a)(2) with respect to infrastructure SIPs pertains to whether 
states must meet all of the infrastructure SIP requirements in a single 
SIP submission, and whether the EPA must act upon such SIP submission 
in a single action. Although section 110(a)(1) directs states to submit 
``a plan'' to meet these requirements, the EPA interprets the CAA to 
allow states to make multiple SIP submissions separately addressing 
infrastructure SIP elements for the same NAAQS. If states elect to make 
such multiple SIP submissions to meet the infrastructure SIP 
requirements, the EPA can elect to act on such submissions either 
individually or in a larger combined action.\8\ Similarly, the EPA 
interprets the CAA to allow it to take action on the individual parts 
of one larger, comprehensive infrastructure SIP submission for a given 
NAAQS without concurrent action on the entire submission. For example, 
the EPA has sometimes elected to act at different times on various 
elements and sub-elements of the same infrastructure SIP submission.\9\
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    \8\ See, e.g., ``Approval and Promulgation of Implementation 
Plans; New Mexico; Revisions to the New Source Review (NSR) State 
Implementation Plan (SIP); Prevention of Significant Deterioration 
(PSD) and Nonattainment New Source Review (NNSR) Permitting,'' 78 FR 
4339 (January 22, 2013) (the EPA's final action approving the 
structural PSD elements of the New Mexico SIP submitted by the State 
separately to meet the requirements of the EPA's 2008 
PM2.5 NSR rule), and ``Approval and Promulgation of Air 
Quality Implementation Plans; New Mexico; Infrastructure and 
Interstate Transport Requirements for the 2006 PM2.5 
NAAQS,'' (78 FR 4337) (January 22, 2013) (the EPA's final action on 
the infrastructure SIP for the 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS).
    \9\ On December 14, 2007, the State of Tennessee, through the 
Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, made a SIP 
revision to the EPA demonstrating that the State meets the 
requirements of sections 110(a)(1) and (2). The EPA proposed action 
for infrastructure SIP elements (C) and (J) on January 23, 2012 (77 
FR 3213) and took final action on March 14, 2012 (77 FR 14976). On 
April 16, 2012 (77 FR 22533) and July 23, 2012 (77 FR 42997), the 
EPA took separate proposed and final actions on all other section 
110(a)(2) infrastructure SIP elements of Tennessee's December 14, 
2007 submittal.

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[[Page 16714]]

    Ambiguities within sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) may also arise 
with respect to infrastructure SIP submission requirements for 
different NAAQS. Thus, the EPA notes that not every element of section 
110(a)(2) would be relevant, or as relevant, or relevant in the same 
way, for each new or revised NAAQS. The states' attendant 
infrastructure SIP submissions for each NAAQS therefore could be 
different. For example, the monitoring requirements that a state might 
need to meet in its infrastructure SIP submission for purposes of 
section 110(a)(2)(B) could be very different for different pollutants, 
for example because the content and scope of a state's infrastructure 
SIP submission to meet this element might be very different for an 
entirely new NAAQS than for a minor revision to an existing NAAQS.\10\
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    \10\ For example, implementation of the 1997 PM2.5 
NAAQS required the deployment of a system of new monitors to measure 
ambient levels of that new indicator species for the new NAAQS.
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    The EPA notes that interpretation of section 110(a)(2) is also 
necessary when the EPA reviews other types of SIP submissions required 
under the CAA. Therefore, as with infrastructure SIP submissions, the 
EPA also has to identify and interpret the relevant elements of section 
110(a)(2) that logically apply to these other types of SIP submissions. 
For example, section 172(c)(7) requires that attainment plan SIP 
submissions required by part D have to meet the ``applicable 
requirements'' of section 110(a)(2). Thus, for example, attainment plan 
SIP submissions must meet the requirements of section 110(a)(2)(A) 
regarding enforceable emission limits and control measures and section 
110(a)(2)(E)(i) regarding air agency resources and authority. By 
contrast, it is clear that attainment plan SIP submissions required by 
part D would not need to meet the portion of section 110(a)(2)(C) that 
pertains to the PSD program required in part C of title I of the CAA, 
because PSD does not apply to a pollutant for which an area is 
designated nonattainment and thus subject to part D planning 
requirements. As this example illustrates, each type of SIP submission 
may implicate some elements of section 110(a)(2) but not others.
    Given the potential for ambiguity in some of the statutory language 
of section 110(a)(1) and section 110(a)(2), the EPA believes that it is 
appropriate to interpret the ambiguous portions of section 110(a)(1) 
and section 110(a)(2) in the context of acting on a particular SIP 
submission. In other words, the EPA assumes that Congress could not 
have intended that each and every SIP submission, regardless of the 
NAAQS in question or the history of SIP development for the relevant 
pollutant, would meet each of the requirements, or meet each of them in 
the same way. Therefore, the EPA has adopted an approach under which it 
reviews infrastructure SIP submissions against the list of elements in 
section 110(a)(2), but only to the extent each element applies for that 
particular NAAQS.
    Historically, the EPA has elected to use guidance documents to make 
recommendations to states for infrastructure SIPs, in some cases 
conveying needed interpretations on newly arising issues and in some 
cases conveying interpretations that have already been developed and 
applied to individual SIP submissions for particular elements.\11\ The 
EPA most recently issued guidance for infrastructure SIPs on September 
13, 2013 (2013 Guidance).\12\ The EPA developed this document to 
provide states with up-to-date guidance for infrastructure SIPs for any 
new or revised NAAQS. Within this guidance, the EPA describes the duty 
of states to make infrastructure SIP submissions to meet basic 
structural SIP requirements within three years of promulgation of a new 
or revised NAAQS. The EPA also made recommendations about many specific 
subsections of section 110(a)(2) that are relevant in the context of 
infrastructure SIP submissions.\13\ The guidance also discusses the 
substantively important issues that are germane to certain subsections 
of section 110(a)(2). Significantly, the EPA interprets sections 
110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) such that infrastructure SIP submissions need 
to address certain issues and need not address others. Accordingly, the 
EPA reviews each infrastructure SIP submission for compliance with the 
applicable statutory provisions of section 110(a)(2), as appropriate.
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    \11\ The EPA notes, however, that nothing in the CAA requires 
the EPA to provide guidance or to promulgate regulations for 
infrastructure SIP submissions. The CAA directly applies to states 
and requires the submission of infrastructure SIP submissions, 
regardless of whether or not the EPA provides guidance or 
regulations pertaining to such submissions. EPA elects to issue such 
guidance in order to assist states, as appropriate.
    \12\ ``Guidance on Infrastructure State Implementation Plan 
(SIP) Elements under Clean Air Act Sections 110(a)(1) and 
110(a)(2),'' Memorandum from Stephen D. Page, September 13, 2013.
    \13\ The EPA's September 13, 2013, guidance did not make 
recommendations with respect to infrastructure SIP submissions to 
address section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I). The EPA issued the guidance 
shortly after the U.S. Supreme Court agreed to review the D.C. 
Circuit decision in EME Homer City, 696 F.3d7 (D.C. Cir. 2012) which 
had interpreted the requirements of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I). In 
light of the uncertainty created by ongoing litigation, the EPA 
elected not to provide additional guidance on the requirements of 
section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) at that time. As the guidance is neither 
binding nor required by statute, whether the EPA elects to provide 
guidance on a particular section has no impact on a state's CAA 
obligations.
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    As an example, section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii) is a required element of 
section 110(a)(2) for infrastructure SIP submissions. Under this 
element, a state must meet the substantive requirements of section 128, 
which pertain to state boards that approve permits or enforcement 
orders and heads of executive agencies with similar powers. Thus, the 
EPA reviews infrastructure SIP submissions to ensure that the state's 
SIP appropriately addresses the requirements of section 
110(a)(2)(E)(ii) and section 128. The 2013 Guidance explains the EPA's 
interpretation that there may be a variety of ways by which states can 
appropriately address these substantive statutory requirements, 
depending on the structure of an individual state's permitting or 
enforcement program (e.g., whether permits and enforcement orders are 
approved by a multi-member board or by a head of an executive agency). 
However they are addressed by the state, the substantive requirements 
of section 128 are necessarily included in the EPA's evaluation of 
infrastructure SIP submissions because section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii) 
explicitly requires that the state satisfy the provisions of section 
128.
    As another example, the EPA's review of infrastructure SIP 
submissions with respect to the PSD program requirements in sections 
110(a)(2)(C), (D)(i)(II), and (J) focuses upon the structural PSD 
program requirements contained in part C and the EPA's PSD regulations. 
Structural PSD program requirements include provisions necessary for 
the PSD program to address all regulated sources and NSR pollutants, 
including greenhouse gases. By contrast, structural PSD program 
requirements do not include provisions that are not required under the 
EPA's regulations at 40 CFR 51.166 but are merely available as an 
option for the state, such as the option to provide grandfathering of 
complete permit applications with respect to the 2012 PM2.5 
NAAQS. Accordingly, the latter optional provisions are types of 
provisions the EPA considers irrelevant in the context of an 
infrastructure SIP action.
    For other section 110(a)(2) elements, however, the EPA's review of 
a state's infrastructure SIP submission focuses

[[Page 16715]]

on assuring that the state's SIP meets basic structural requirements. 
For example, section 110(a)(2)(C) includes, inter alia, the requirement 
that states have a program to regulate minor new sources. Thus, the EPA 
evaluates whether the state has an EPA-approved minor new source review 
program and whether the program addresses the pollutants relevant to 
that NAAQS. In the context of acting on an infrastructure SIP 
submission, however, the EPA does not think it is necessary to conduct 
a review of each and every provision of a state's existing minor source 
program (i.e., already in the existing SIP) for compliance with the 
requirements of the CAA and EPA's regulations that pertain to such 
programs.
    With respect to certain other issues, the EPA does not believe that 
an action on a state's infrastructure SIP submission is necessarily the 
appropriate type of action in which to address possible deficiencies in 
a state's existing SIP. These issues include: (i) Existing provisions 
related to excess emissions from sources during periods of startup, 
shutdown, or malfunction that may be contrary to the CAA and the EPA's 
policies addressing such excess emissions (``SSM''); (ii) existing 
provisions related to ``director's variance'' or ``director's 
discretion'' that may be contrary to the CAA because they purport to 
allow revisions to SIP-approved emissions limits while limiting public 
process or not requiring further approval by the EPA; and (iii) 
existing provisions for PSD programs that may be inconsistent with 
current requirements of the EPA's ``Final NSR Improvement Rule,'' 67 FR 
80186 (December 31, 2002), as amended by 72 FR 32526 (June 13, 2007). 
Thus, the EPA believes it may approve an infrastructure SIP submission 
without scrutinizing the totality of the existing SIP for such 
potentially deficient provisions and may approve the submission even if 
it is aware of such existing provisions.\14\ It is important to note 
that the EPA's approval of a state's infrastructure SIP submission 
should not be construed as explicit or implicit re-approval of any 
existing potentially deficient provisions that relate to the three 
specific issues just described.
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    \14\ By contrast, the EPA notes that if a state were to include 
a new provision in an infrastructure SIP submission that contained a 
legal deficiency, such as a new exemption for excess emissions 
during SSM events, then the EPA would need to evaluate that 
provision for compliance against the rubric of applicable CAA 
requirements in the context of the action on the infrastructure SIP.
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    The EPA's approach to review of infrastructure SIP submissions is 
to identify the CAA requirements that are logically applicable to that 
submission. The EPA believes that this approach to the review of a 
particular infrastructure SIP submission is appropriate, because it 
would not be reasonable to read the general requirements of section 
110(a)(1) and the list of elements in 110(a)(2) as requiring review of 
each and every provision of a state's existing SIP against all 
requirements in the CAA and the EPA regulations merely for purposes of 
assuring that the state in question has the basic structural elements 
for a functioning SIP for a new or revised NAAQS. Because SIPs have 
grown by accretion over the decades as statutory and regulatory 
requirements under the CAA have evolved, they may include some outmoded 
provisions and historical artifacts. These provisions, while not fully 
up to date, nevertheless may not pose a significant problem for the 
purposes of ``implementation, maintenance, and enforcement'' of a new 
or revised NAAQS when the EPA evaluates adequacy of the infrastructure 
SIP submission. The EPA believes that a better approach is for states 
and the EPA to focus attention on those elements of section 110(a)(2) 
of the CAA most likely to warrant a specific SIP revision due to the 
promulgation of a new or revised NAAQS or other factors.
    For example, the EPA's 2013 Guidance gives simpler recommendations 
with respect to carbon monoxide than other NAAQS pollutants to meet the 
visibility requirements of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II), because carbon 
monoxide does not affect visibility. As a result, an infrastructure SIP 
submission for any future new or revised NAAQS for carbon monoxide need 
only state this fact in order to address the visibility prong of 
section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II).
    Finally, the EPA believes that its approach with respect to 
infrastructure SIP requirements is based on a reasonable reading of 
sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) because the CAA provides other avenues 
and mechanisms to address specific substantive deficiencies in existing 
SIPs. These other statutory tools allow the EPA to take appropriately 
tailored action, depending upon the nature and severity of the alleged 
SIP deficiency. Section 110(k)(5) authorizes the EPA to issue a ``SIP 
call'' whenever the EPA determines that a state's SIP is substantially 
inadequate to attain or maintain the NAAQS, to mitigate interstate 
transport, or to otherwise comply with the CAA.\15\ Section 110(k)(6) 
authorizes the EPA to correct errors in past actions, such as past 
approvals of SIP submissions.\16\ Significantly, the EPA's 
determination that an action on a state's infrastructure SIP submission 
is not the appropriate time and place to address all potential existing 
SIP deficiencies does not preclude the EPA's subsequent reliance on 
provisions in section 110(a)(2) as part of the basis for action to 
correct those deficiencies at a later time. For example, although it 
may not be appropriate to require a state to eliminate all existing 
inappropriate director's discretion provisions in the course of acting 
on an infrastructure SIP submission, the EPA believes that section 
110(a)(2)(A) may be among the statutory bases that EPA relies upon in 
the course of addressing such deficiency in a subsequent action.\17\
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    \15\ For example, the EPA issued a SIP call to Utah to address 
specific existing SIP deficiencies related to the treatment of 
excess emissions during SSM events. See ``Finding of Substantial 
Inadequacy of Implementation Plan; Call for Utah State 
Implementation Plan Revisions,'' 74 FR 21639 (April 18, 2011).
    \16\ The EPA has used this authority to correct errors in past 
actions on SIP submissions related to PSD programs. See ``Limitation 
of Approval of Prevention of Significant Deterioration Provisions 
Concerning Greenhouse Gas Emitting-Sources in State Implementation 
Plans; Final Rule,'' 75 FR 82536 (December 30, 2010). The EPA has 
previously used its authority under CAA section 110(k)(6) to remove 
numerous other SIP provisions that the Agency determined it had 
approved in error. See, e.g., 61 FR 38664 (July 25, 1996) and 62 FR 
34641 (June 27, 1997) (corrections to American Samoa, Arizona, 
California, Hawaii, and Nevada SIPs); 69 FR 67062 (November 16, 
2004) (corrections to California SIP); and 74 FR 57051 (November 3, 
2009) (corrections to Arizona and Nevada SIPs).
    \17\ See, e.g., the EPA's disapproval of a SIP submission from 
Colorado on the grounds that it would have included a director's 
discretion provision inconsistent with CAA requirements, including 
section 110(a)(2)(A). See, e.g., 75 FR 42342 at 42344 (July 21, 
2010) (proposed disapproval of director's discretion provisions); 76 
FR 4540 (Jan. 26, 2011) (final disapproval of such provisions).
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IV. Analysis of the State Submittals

110(a)(2)(A): Emission Limits and Other Control Measures

    CAA section 110(a)(2)(A) requires SIPs to include enforceable 
emission limits and other control measures, means or techniques 
(including economic incentives such as fees, marketable permits, and 
auctions of emissions rights), as well as schedules and timetables for 
compliance, as may be necessary or appropriate to meet the applicable 
requirements of the CAA.
    State submittals: The Idaho submittals cite an overview of the 
State air quality laws and regulations including portions of the Idaho 
Environmental Protection and Health Act (EPHA) and the Rules for the 
Control of Air Pollution located

[[Page 16716]]

in the Idaho Administrative Procedures Act (IDAPA) 58.01.01. Relevant 
laws cited include Idaho Code Section 39-105(3)(d) which provides Idaho 
Department of Environmental Quality (DEQ) authority to supervise and 
administer a system to safeguard air quality, and Idaho Code Section 
39-115 which provides Idaho DEQ with specific authority for the 
issuance of air quality permits. Specific regulations referenced in 
Idaho's submittals include IDAPA 58.01.01.107.03 (incorporation by 
reference of federal regulations), IDAPA 58.01.01.200-228 (permit to 
construct rules), IDAPA 58.01.01.400-410 (operating permit rules), 
IDAPA 58.01.01.600-623 (control of open burning), IDAPA 58.01.01.650-
651 (control of fugitive emissions), IDAPA 58.01.01.625 (visible 
emissions requirements and testing), and IDAPA 58.01.01.460-461 
(banking of emissions). Estimates of ambient concentrations are based 
on air quality models, databases and other requirements specified in 40 
CFR part 51, Appendix W (Guideline on Air Quality Models). Idaho DEQ 
annually updates the incorporation by reference of all national ambient 
air quality standards and updates to 40 CFR part 51, Appendix W. IDAPA 
58.01.01.401.03 provides Idaho DEQ with the authority to require a Tier 
II source operating permit if it determines emission rate reductions 
are necessary to attain or maintain any ambient air quality standard or 
applicable prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) increments.
    EPA analysis: Idaho's SIP meets the requirements of section 
110(a)(2)(A) for the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS, 2006 PM2.5 
NAAQS, and 2008 ozone NAAQS, subject to the following clarifications. 
First, this infrastructure element does not require the submittal of 
regulations or emission limitations developed specifically for 
attaining these particulate matter and ozone standards. Furthermore, 
the State has no areas designated nonattainment for the 1997 
PM2.5 NAAQS or the 2008 ozone NAAQS. The State has one area 
designated nonattainment for the 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS (portion 
of Franklin County), however, the EPA does not consider SIP 
requirements triggered by the nonattainment area mandates in part D, 
title I of the CAA to be governed by the submission deadline of section 
110(a)(1). Regulations and other control measures for purposes of 
attainment planning under part D, title I of the CAA are due on a 
different schedule than infrastructure SIPs.
    Idaho's SIP incorporates by reference a number of Federal 
regulations, including the Federal NAAQS at 40 CFR part 50, revised as 
of July 1, 2012. The EPA most recently approved the incorporation by 
reference of these regulations at IDAPA 58.01.01.107 ``Incorporations 
by Reference'' on March 3, 2014 (79 FR 11711). Idaho has incorporated 
by reference the 1997 PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5, and 2008 
ozone NAAQS into Idaho regulations.
    Idaho generally regulates emissions of PM2.5, 
PM2.5 precursors, and ozone precursors through its SIP-
approved NSR permitting programs, in addition to operating permit 
regulations, and rules for the control of open burning, fugitive dust, 
activities that generate visible emissions, and emissions banking. The 
EPA most recently approved revisions to Idaho's major and minor NSR 
permitting programs on March 3, 2014 (79 FR 11711). Idaho's NSR rules 
incorporate by reference the Federal non-attainment NSR regulations and 
Federal PSD regulations at IDAPA 58.01.204 and IDAPA 58.01.01.205 
respectively. Idaho's SIP regulates nitrogen oxides (NOX) 
and sulfur dioxide (SO2) as precursors to PM2.5, 
and NOX and volatile organic carbons (VOCs) as precursors to 
ozone.
    In addition to Idaho's NSR permitting regulations, Idaho's Tier II 
operating permit regulations at IDAPA 58.01.01.400-410 require that to 
obtain an operating permit, the applicant must demonstrate the source 
will not cause or significantly contribute to a violation of any 
ambient air quality standard. IDAPA 58.01.01.401.03 provides Idaho DEQ 
with authority to require a Tier II source operating permit if Idaho 
DEQ determines emission rate reductions are necessary to attain or 
maintain any ambient air quality standard or applicable PSD increment.
    In addition to the permitting rules described above, Idaho has 
promulgated rules to limit and control emissions of particulate matter 
resulting from open burning (IDAPA 58.01.01.600-623), fugitive dust 
(IDAPA 58.01.01.650-651), and activities that generate visible 
emissions (IDAPA 58.01.01.625). These rules include emission limits, 
control measures, and opacity limits. Idaho has also promulgated rules 
addressing banking of emissions at IDAPA 58.01.01.460-461. Based on the 
above analysis, we are proposing to approve the Idaho SIP as meeting 
the requirements of CAA section 110(a)(2)(A) for the 1997 
PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS.
    We note that, in this action, we are not proposing to approve or 
disapprove any existing State provisions with regard to excess 
emissions during startup, shutdown, or malfunction (SSM) of operations 
at a facility. The EPA believes that a number of states may have SSM 
provisions that are contrary to the CAA and existing EPA guidance and 
the EPA has proposed action to address such state regulations.\18\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \18\ For further description of the EPA's SSM Policy, see, e.g., 
a memorandum dated September 20, 1999, titled, ``State 
Implementation Plans: Policy Regarding Excess Emissions During 
Malfunctions, Startup, and Shutdown,'' from Steven A. Herman, 
Assistant Administrator for Enforcement and Compliance Assurance, 
and Robert Perciasepe, Assistant Administrator for Air and 
Radiation. Also, the EPA issued a proposed action on February 12, 
2013, titled ``State Implementation Plans: Response to Petition for 
Rulemaking; Findings of Substantial Inadequacy; and SIP Calls To 
Amend Provisions Applying to Excess Emissions During Periods of 
Startup, Shutdown and Malfunction.'' This rulemaking responds to a 
petition for rulemaking filed by the Sierra Club that concerns SSM 
provisions in 39 states' SIPs (February 22, 2013, 78 FR 12460).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition, we are not proposing to approve or disapprove any 
existing State rules with regard to director's discretion or variance 
provisions. The EPA believes that a number of states may have such 
provisions that are contrary to the CAA and existing EPA guidance (52 
FR 45109), November 24, 1987, and the EPA plans to take action in the 
future to address such state regulations. In the meantime, we encourage 
any state having a director's discretion or variance provision that is 
contrary to the CAA and EPA guidance to take steps to correct the 
deficiency as soon as possible.

110(a)(2)(B): Ambient Air Quality Monitoring/Data System

    CAA section 110(a)(2)(B) requires SIPs to include provisions to 
provide for establishment and operation of ambient air quality 
monitors, collecting and analyzing ambient air quality data, and making 
these data available to EPA upon request.
    State submittals: The Idaho submittals reference IDAPA 58.01.01.107 
and IDAPA 58.01.01.576.05 in response to this requirement. These rules 
incorporate by reference 40 CFR part 50, National Primary and Secondary 
Air Quality Standards; 40 CFR part 51, Requirements for Preparation, 
Adoption, and Submittal of Implementation Plans; 40 CFR part 52, 
Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; 40 CFR part 53, 
Ambient Air Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods; and 40 CFR 
part 58 Appendix B, Ambient Air Quality Surveillance Quality Assurance 
Requirements for Prevention of Significant Deterioration. The State 
submittals indicate that these rules give the State authority to 
implement

[[Page 16717]]

ambient air monitoring surveillance systems in accordance with the 
requirements of referenced sections of the CAA.
    The Idaho submittals state that Idaho DEQ collects and reports to 
the EPA ambient air quality data for PM2.5, PM10, 
NOX, carbon monoxide, ozone and SO2. These data 
are reviewed, verified and validated prior to being submitted to the 
EPA's Air Quality System no later than 90 days from the end of the 
calendar quarter from which the data was collected. On July 1 of each 
year, the previous year's ambient air monitoring data is certified by 
the Idaho DEQ Air Division Administrator as being true, accurate and 
complete.
    EPA analysis: A comprehensive air quality monitoring plan, intended 
to meet the requirements of 40 CFR part 58 was submitted by Idaho on 
January 15, 1980 (40 CFR 52.670) and approved by the EPA on July 28, 
1982. This air quality monitoring plan has been most recently updated 
and approved by the EPA on March 10, 2014.\19\ The plan includes, among 
other things, the locations for the particulate matter and ozone 
monitoring networks. Idaho makes the plan available for public review 
on the Idaho DEQ Web site at http://www.deq.idaho.gov/air-quality/monitoring/monitoring-network.aspx. The Web site also includes an 
interactive map of Idaho's air monitoring network. Based on the 
foregoing, we are proposing to approve the Idaho SIP as meeting the 
requirements of CAA section 110(a)(2)(B) for the 1997 PM2.5, 
2006 PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \19\ Idaho Air Monitoring Network Plan Approval Letter, dated 
March 10, 2014.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

110(a)(2)(C): Program for Enforcement of Control Measures

    CAA section 110(a)(2)(C) requires states to include a program 
providing for enforcement of all SIP measures and the regulation of 
construction of new or modified stationary sources, including a program 
to meet PSD and nonattainment NSR requirements.
    State submittals: The Idaho submittals refer to Idaho Code Section 
39-108 which provides Idaho DEQ with authority to enforce both 
administratively and civilly the Idaho EPHA, or any rule, permit or 
order promulgated pursuant to the EPHA. Criminal enforcement is 
authorized at Idaho Code Section 39-109. Emergency order authority, 
similar to that under Section 303 of the CAA, is located at Idaho Code 
Section 39-112. The Idaho submittals also refer to laws and regulations 
requiring stationary source compliance with the NAAQS discussed in 
their response to CAA section 110(a)(2)(A) above.
    The Idaho submittals also refer to the annual incorporation by 
reference (IBR) rulemaking which updates Idaho's SIP to include Federal 
changes to the NAAQS and PSD program. The Idaho submittals state that 
the annual IBR updates along with IDAPA sections 200-288 (permitting 
requirements for new and modified sources) and 575-587 (air quality 
standards and area classification) provide Idaho DEQ with authority to 
implement the PSD and NSR program.
    EPA analysis: With regard to the requirement to have a program 
providing for enforcement of all SIP measures, we are proposing to find 
that the State code provisions described above provide Idaho DEQ with 
authority to enforce the Idaho EPHA, air quality regulations, permits, 
and orders promulgated pursuant to the EPHA. Idaho DEQ staffs and 
maintains an enforcement program to ensure compliance with SIP 
requirements. Idaho DEQ may issue emergency orders to reduce or 
discontinue emission of air contaminants where air emissions cause or 
contribute to imminent and substantial endangerment. Enforcement cases 
may be referred to the State Attorney General's Office for civil or 
criminal enforcement. Therefore, we are proposing to approve the Idaho 
SIP as meeting the requirements of CAA section 110(a)(2)(C) related to 
enforcement for the 1997 PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5, and 
2008 ozone NAAQS.
    To generally meet the requirements of CAA section 110(a)(2)(C) with 
regard to the regulation of construction of new or modified stationary 
sources, a state is required to have PSD, nonattainment NSR, and minor 
NSR permitting programs adequate to implement the 1997 
PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5 and 2008 ozone NAAQS. Idaho has 
no designated nonattainment areas for the 1997 PM2.5 and 
2008 ozone NAAQS, and one nonattainment area for the 2006 
PM2.5 NAAQS (portion of Franklin County). However as 
explained above, we are not in this action evaluating nonattainment 
related provisions, such as the nonattainment NSR program required by 
part D, title I of the CAA.
    We most recently approved revisions to Idaho's PSD program on March 
3, 2014, updating the Idaho PSD program for purposes of regulating fine 
particulate matter implementation in attainment and unclassifiable 
areas (79 FR 11711). Previously on July 17, 2012, we approved a 
revision to the Idaho SIP to provide authority to implement the PSD 
permitting program with respect to greenhouse gas emissions (77 FR 
41916). Idaho's PSD program implements the 1997 PM2.5, 2006 
PM2.5 and 2008 ozone NAAQS and incorporates by reference the 
Federal PSD program requirements at 40 CFR 52.21 as of July 1, 2012. As 
a result, we are proposing to approve the Idaho SIP as meeting the 
requirements of CAA section 110(a)(2)(C) with regard to PSD for the 
1997 PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5 and 2008 ozone NAAQS.
    The EPA notes that on January 4, 2013, the U.S. Court of Appeals in 
the District of Columbia, in Natural Resources Defense Council v. EPA, 
706 F.3d 428 (D.C. Cir.), issued a judgment that remanded two of the 
EPA's rules implementing the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS, including the 
``Implementation of New Source Review (NSR) Program for Particulate 
Matter Less Than 2.5 Micrometers (PM2.5),'' (73 FR 28321, 
May 16, 2008) (2008 PM2.5 NSR Implementation Rule). The 
Court ordered the EPA to ``repromulgate these rules pursuant to subpart 
4 consistent with this opinion.''Id. at 437. Subpart 4 of part D, title 
I of the CAA establishes additional provisions for particulate matter 
nonattainment areas. The 2008 PM2.5 NSR Implementation Rule 
addressed by the Court's decision promulgated NSR requirements for 
implementation of PM2.5 in both nonattainment areas 
(nonattainment NSR) and attainment/unclassifiable areas (PSD). As the 
requirements of subpart 4 only pertain to nonattainment areas, the EPA 
does not consider the portions of the 2008 PM2.5 NSR 
Implementation Rule that address requirements for PM2.5 
attainment and unclassifiable areas to be affected by the Court's 
opinion. Moreover, the EPA does not anticipate the need to revise any 
PSD requirements promulgated in the 2008 PM2.5 NSR 
Implementation Rule in order to comply with the Court's decision. 
Accordingly, the EPA's proposed approval of elements 110(a)(2)(C), 
(D)(i)(II), and (J), with respect to the PSD requirements, does not 
conflict with the Court's opinion. The EPA interprets the CAA section 
110(a)(1) and (2) infrastructure submittals due three years after 
adoption or revision of a NAAQS to exclude nonattainment area 
requirements, including requirements associated with a nonattainment 
NSR program. Instead, these elements are typically referred to as 
nonattainment SIP or attainment plan elements, which are due by the 
dates statutorily prescribed under subparts 2 through 5 under part D, 
extending as far as ten

[[Page 16718]]

years following designations for some elements.
    In addition, on January 22, 2013, the U.S. Court of Appeals for the 
District of Columbia, in Sierra Club v. EPA, 703 F.3d 458 (D.C. Cir. 
2013), issued a judgment that, inter alia, vacated the provisions 
adding the PM2.5 Significant Monitoring Concentration (SMC) 
to the Federal regulations, at 40 CFR 51.166(i)(5)(i)(c) and 
52.21(i)(5)(i)(c), that were promulgated as part of the ``Prevention of 
Significant Deterioration (PSD) for Particulate Matter Less Than 2.5 
Micrometers (PM2.5)--Increments, Significant Impact Levels 
(SILs) and Significant Monitoring Concentration (SMC); Final Rule,'' 
(75 FR 64864, October 10, 2010) (2010 PSD PM2.5 
Implementation Rule). In its decision, the Court held that the EPA did 
not have the authority to use SMCs to exempt permit applicants from the 
statutory requirement in section 165(e)(2) of the CAA that ambient 
monitoring data for PM2.5 be included in all PSD permit 
applications. Thus, although the PM2.5 SMC was not a 
required element of a state's PSD program, were a state PSD program 
that contains such a provision to use that provision to issue new 
permits without requiring ambient PM2.5 monitoring data, 
such application of the vacated SMC would be inconsistent with the 
Court's opinion and the requirements of section 165(e)(2) of the CAA. 
This decision also, on the EPA's request, vacated and remanded to the 
EPA for further consideration the portions of the 2010 PSD 
PM2.5 Implementation Rule that revised 40 CFR 51.166 and 40 
CFR 52.21 related to Significant Impact Levels (SILs) for 
PM2.5. The EPA requested this vacatur and remand of two of 
the three provisions in the EPA regulations that contain SILs for 
PM2.5, because the wording of these two SIL provisions (40 
CFR 51.166(k)(2) and 40 CFR 52.21(k)(2)) is inconsistent with the 
explanation of when and how SILs should be used by permitting 
authorities that we provided in the preamble to the Federal Register 
publication when we promulgated these provisions. The third SIL 
provision (40 CFR 51.165(b)(2)) was not vacated and remains in effect. 
The Court's decision does not affect the PSD increments for 
PM2.5 promulgated as part of the 2010 PSD PM2.5 
Implementation Rule.
    Because of the vacatur of the EPA regulations as they relate to the 
PM2.5 SILs and SMC, in our previous action on March 3, 2014, 
we disapproved Idaho's incorporation by reference of the vacated 
provisions into the Idaho SIP (79 FR 11711). This proposed action would 
take no additional action with respect to those SIP provisions that 
were previously disapproved. In this action we are proposing to approve 
the Idaho SIP as meeting the requirements of CAA section 110(a)(2)(C), 
(D)(i)(II) and (J) as those elements relate to a comprehensive PSD 
program. The EPA recently amended its regulations to remove the vacated 
PM2.5 SILs and SMC provisions from the PSD regulations 
(December 9, 2013, 78 FR 73698). The EPA will initiate a separate 
rulemaking in the future regarding the PM2.5 SILs that will 
address the Court's remand. In the meantime, the EPA is advising states 
to begin preparations to remove the vacated provisions from state PSD 
regulations.
    With regard to the minor NSR requirement of this element, we have 
determined that Idaho's minor NSR program regulates direct 
PM2.5 and NOX and SO2 as precursors. 
In addition, we have determined that Idaho's minor NSR program 
regulates NOX and VOCs as precursors to ozone. Based on the 
foregoing, we are proposing to approve the Idaho SIP as meeting the 
requirements of CAA section 110(a)(2)(C) for the 1997 PM2.5, 
2006 PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS.

110(a)(2)(D): Interstate Transport

    CAA section 110(a)(2)(D)(i) requires state SIPs to include 
provisions prohibiting any source or other type of emissions activity 
in one state from contributing significantly to nonattainment, or 
interfering with maintenance of the NAAQS in another state (CAA section 
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I)). Further, this section requires state SIPs to 
include provisions prohibiting any source or other type of emissions 
activity in one state from interfering with measures required to 
prevent significant deterioration (PSD) of air quality, or from 
interfering with measures required to protect visibility (i.e. measures 
to address regional haze) in any state (CAA section 
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II)).
    As noted above, this action does not address the requirements of 
CAA section 110(a)(2)(D)(i) for the 1997 PM2.5 NAAQS which 
we previously approved on November 26, 2010 (75 FR 72705) and June 22, 
2011 (76 FR 36329). This action also does not address the requirements 
of CAA section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) for the 2006 PM2.5 and 
2008 ozone NAAQS, which we will address in a future action. In this 
proposal, we are proposing to act on Idaho's submission relating to 
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) and 110(a)(2)(D)(ii).
    State submittals: On June 28, 2010, Idaho DEQ submitted the Idaho 
Interstate Transport State Implementation Plan for the 1997 and 2006 
PM2.5 NAAQS, and the 1997 and 2008 ozone NAAQS (Interstate 
Transport SIP). Idaho's Interstate Transport SIP addressed 
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) by referencing Idaho's SIP-approved PSD program, 
revisions to which were approved on November 26, 2010 and Idaho's 
Regional Haze SIP submitted to the EPA on October 25, 2010.
    EPA analysis: The EPA believes that the CAA section 
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) PSD sub-element may be met by the State's 
confirmation in the submittal that new major sources and major 
modifications in the State are subject to a SIP-approved PSD program. 
We most recently approved revisions to Idaho's PSD program on March 3, 
2014, updating the Idaho PSD for purposes of fine particulate matter 
NAAQS implementation in attainment and unclassifiable areas (79 FR 
11711). On July 17, 2012, we approved a revision to the Idaho SIP to 
provide authority to implement the PSD permitting program with respect 
to greenhouse gas emissions (77 FR 41916). Idaho's PSD program 
implements the 2006 PM2.5 and 2008 ozone NAAQS and 
incorporates the Federal PSD program regulations at 40 CFR 52.21 by 
reference. Idaho's SIP-approved PSD program regulates NOX 
and VOCs as precursors to ozone. As discussed above in section 
110(a)(2)(C), Idaho's Federally-approved PSD program reflects 
PM2.5 regulatory requirements the EPA has established for 
major NSR in attainment and unclassifiable areas. We believe that our 
proposed approval of element 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) is not affected by 
recent court vacaturs of Federal PSD implementing regulations. Please 
see our discussion at section 110(a)(2)(C). Therefore, we are proposing 
to approve the Idaho SIP as meeting the requirements of CAA section 
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) with regards to PSD for the 2006 PM2.5 
and 2008 ozone NAAQS.
    The EPA believes that, for the CAA section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) 
visibility sub-element, the requirement could be satisfied by an 
approved SIP addressing regional haze. The EPA's reasoning is that the 
development of the regional haze SIPs was intended to occur in a 
collaborative environment among the states, and that through this 
process states would coordinate on emissions controls to protect 
visibility on an interstate basis.
    The Idaho submittal references the Idaho Regional Haze SIP, 
submitted to the EPA on October 25, 2010, which addresses visibility 
impacts across states within the region. On June 9, 2011, we

[[Page 16719]]

approved a SIP revision which provides Idaho DEQ authority to address 
regional haze and to implement best available retrofit technology 
(BART) requirements (76 FR 33651). Subsequently on June 22, 2011, we 
approved portions of the Idaho Regional Haze SIP, including the 
requirements for BART (76 FR 36329). Finally, on November 8, 2012, we 
approved the remainder of the Idaho Regional Haze SIP, including those 
portions that address CAA provisions that require states to set 
Reasonable Progress Goals for their Class I areas, and to develop a 
Long Term Strategy to achieve these goals (77 FR 66929).
    The EPA is proposing to find that, as a result of the prior 
approval of the Idaho Regional Haze SIP, including BART requirements, 
the Idaho SIP contains adequate provisions to address 
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) visibility requirements with respect to the 2006 
PM2.5 and 2008 ozone NAAQS. Therefore, we are proposing to 
approve the Idaho SIP as meeting the requirements of CAA section 
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) as it applies to visibility for the 2006 
PM2.5 and 2008 ozone NAAQS.
    Interstate and international transport provisions: CAA section 
110(a)(2)(D)(ii) requires SIPs to include provisions insuring 
compliance with the applicable requirements of CAA sections 126 and 115 
(relating to interstate and international pollution abatement). 
Specifically, CAA section 126(a) requires new or modified major sources 
to notify neighboring states of potential impacts from the source.
    EPA analysis: We most recently approved revisions to Idaho's PSD 
program on March 3, 2014, updating the program for purposes of fine 
particulate matter NAAQS implementation in attainment and 
unclassifiable areas (79 FR 11711). On July 17, 2012, the EPA approved 
a revision to the Idaho SIP to provide authority to implement the PSD 
permitting program with respect to greenhouse gas emissions (77 FR 
41916). Idaho's PSD program implements the 1997 PM2.5, 2006 
PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS and incorporates the Federal PSD 
program regulations at 40 CFR 52.21 by reference as of July 1, 2012. 
IDAPA 58.01.01.209 (procedures for issuing permits) includes required 
procedures for issuing permits for new sources, including procedures 
for public processes, and notice to appropriate Federal, state and 
local agencies, consistent with the requirements of the Federal PSD 
program. Idaho issues notice of its draft permits and neighboring 
states consistently receive copies of those drafts. In addition, Idaho 
has no pending obligations under CAA section 115 or 126(b) of the CAA. 
Therefore, we are proposing to approve the Idaho SIP as meeting the 
requirements of CAA section 110(a)(2)(D)(ii) for the 1997 
PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS.

110(a)(2)(E): Adequate Resources

    CAA section 110(a)(2)(E) requires states to provide (i) necessary 
assurances that the state will have adequate personnel, funding, and 
authority under state law to carry out the SIP (and is not prohibited 
by any provision of Federal or state law from carrying out the SIP or 
portion thereof), (ii) requirements that the state comply with the 
requirements respecting state boards under section 128 and (iii) 
necessary assurances that, where the state has relied on a local or 
regional government, agency, or instrumentality for the implementation 
of any SIP provision, the state has responsibility for ensuring 
adequate implementation of such SIP provision.
    State submittals: The Idaho submittals refer to specific Idaho 
statute including: Idaho Code 39-105, which lays out the powers and 
duties of Idaho DEQ's director and gives the director the power to 
utilize any Federal aid and grants; Idaho Code Section 39-106, which 
gives the Idaho DEQ Director authority to hire personnel to carry out 
duties of the department; Idaho Code 39-107, which establishes the 
State's Board of Environmental Quality; and Idaho Code Section 39-107B, 
which establishes the Department of Environmental Quality Fund which 
receives appropriated funds, transfers from the general fund, Federal 
grants, fees for services, permitting fees and other program income. 
The Idaho submittals also cite agreements with local agencies on 
nonattainment plans. On certain nonattainment plans, Idaho DEQ has 
entered into agreements for local implementation and enforcement of 
measures such as wood stove and street sweeping ordinances. When Idaho 
DEQ relies on local enforcement it also is able to enforce the local 
ordinance under its own authorities. For instance, failure to street 
sweep when required may constitute a violation of the requirement to 
control fugitive dust, IDAPA 58.01.01.650-651. If a resident failed to 
comply with a woodstove ordinance, then Idaho DEQ could issue the 
resident a Tier II source operating permit and enforce the ordinance 
terms included in the permit.
    EPA analysis: We are proposing to find that the above-referenced 
provisions provide Idaho DEQ with adequate authority to carry out SIP 
obligations with respect to the 1997 PM2.5, 2006 
PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS as required by CAA section 
110(a)(2)(E)(i). With respect to sub-element (E)(ii), on October 24, 
2013 we approved a revision to the Idaho SIP for purposes of meeting 
CAA section 128 and CAA section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii) for criteria 
pollutants (78 FR 63394). We are also proposing to find that the State 
has provided necessary assurances that, where the State has relied on a 
local or regional government, agency, or instrumentality for the 
implementation of any SIP provision, the State has responsibility for 
ensuring adequate implementation of the SIP with regards to the 1997 
PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS as 
required by CAA section 110(a)(2)(E)(iii). Therefore we are proposing 
to approve the Idaho SIP as meeting the requirements of CAA sections 
110(a)(2)(E) for the 1997 PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5, and 
2008 ozone NAAQS.

110(a)(2)(F): Stationary Source Monitoring System

    CAA section 110(a)(2)(F) requires (i) the installation, 
maintenance, and replacement of equipment, and the implementation of 
other necessary steps, by owners or operators of stationary sources to 
monitor emissions from such sources, (ii) periodic reports on the 
nature and amounts of emissions and emissions-related data from such 
sources, and (iii) correlation of such reports by the state agency with 
any emission limitations or standards established pursuant to the CAA, 
which reports shall be available at reasonable times for public 
inspection.
    State submittals: The Idaho submittals state that Idaho DEQ's air 
quality permits are practically enforceable and contain requirements to 
(i) install, maintain and replace equipment, (ii) monitor emissions, 
and (iii) submit reports. The submittals reference the following 
regulatory provisions: IDAPA 58.01.01.121, which outlines the authority 
of Idaho DEQ to require monitoring, recordkeeping and periodic 
reporting related to source compliance; IDAPA 58.01.01.122, which 
provides Idaho DEQ authority to issue information orders and orders to 
conduct source emissions monitoring, record keeping, reporting and 
other requirements; and IDAPA 58.01.01.157, which outlines test methods 
and procedures for source testing and reporting to the Idaho DEQ. 
Records are available for public inspection under Idaho's Public 
Records Act.
    EPA analysis: The provisions cited by the Idaho submittals 
establish compliance requirements for sources subject to major and 
minor source permitting to monitor emissions, keep

[[Page 16720]]

and report records, and collect ambient air monitoring data. The 
provisions cited also provide Idaho DEQ authority to issue orders to 
collect additional information as needed for Idaho DEQ to ascertain 
compliance. In addition, IDAPA 58.01.01.211 (conditions for permits to 
construct) and 58.01.01.405 (conditions for tier II operating permits) 
provide Idaho DEQ authority to establish permit conditions requiring 
instrumentation to monitor and record emissions data, and 
instrumentation for ambient monitoring to determine the effect 
emissions from the stationary source or facility may have, or are 
having, on the air quality in any area affected by the stationary 
source or facility. This information is made available to the public 
through public processes outlined at IDAPA 58.01.01.209 (procedures for 
issuing permits) for permits to construct and 58.01.01.404 (procedures 
for issuing permits) for Tier II operating permits.
    Additionally, Idaho is required to submit emissions data to the EPA 
for purposes of the National Emissions Inventory (NEI). The NEI is the 
EPA's central repository for air emissions data. The EPA published the 
Air Emissions Reporting Rule (AERR) on December 5, 2008, which modified 
the requirements for collecting and reporting air emissions data (73 FR 
76539). All states are required to submit a comprehensive emissions 
inventory every three years and report emissions for certain larger 
sources annually through the EPA's online Emissions Inventory System. 
States report emissions data for the six criteria pollutants and their 
associated precursors--nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, lead, 
carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and volatile organic compounds. 
Many states also voluntarily report emissions of hazardous air 
pollutants. The EPA compiles the emissions data, supplementing it where 
necessary, and releases it to the general public through the Web site 
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiinformation.html.
    Based on the analysis above, we are proposing to approve the Idaho 
SIP as meeting the requirements of CAA section 110(a)(2)(F) for the 
1997 PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS.

110(a)(2)(G): Emergency Episodes

    CAA section 110(a)(2)(G) requires states to provide for authority 
to address activities causing imminent and substantial endangerment to 
public health, including adequate contingency plans to implement the 
emergency episode provisions in their SIPs.
    State submittals: The Idaho submittals cite Idaho Code 39-112, 
which provides emergency order authority comparable to that in CAA 
section 303. In addition, the submittals cite the Idaho Air Pollution 
Emergency Rules (IDAPA 58.01.01.550-562), the purpose of which is ``to 
define criteria for an air pollution emergency, to formulate a plan for 
preventing or alleviating such an emergency, and to specify rules for 
carrying out the plan.''
    EPA analysis: CAA section 303 provides authority to the EPA 
Administrator to restrain any source from causing or contributing to 
emissions which present an ``imminent and substantial endangerment to 
public health or welfare, or the environment.'' We find that Idaho Code 
Section 112 provides the Idaho DEQ Director with comparable authority.
    The Idaho air pollution emergency rules at IDAPA 58.01.01.550-562 
were previously approved by the EPA on January 16, 2003 (68 FR 2217). 
Idaho's air pollution emergency rules include PM2.5 and 
ozone, establish stages of episode criteria, provide for public 
announcement whenever any episode stage has been determined to exist, 
and specify emission control actions to be taken at each episode stage, 
consistent with the EPA emergency episode SIP requirements set forth at 
40 CFR part 51 subpart H (prevention of air pollution emergency 
episodes, sections 51.150 through 51.153) for particulate matter and 
ozone. Therefore, we are proposing to approve the Idaho SIP as meeting 
the requirements of CAA section 110(a)(2)(G) for the 1997 
PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS.

110(a)(2)(H): Future SIP Revisions

    CAA section 110(a)(2)(H) requires that SIPs provide for revision of 
such plan (i) from time to time as may be necessary to take account of 
revisions of such national primary or secondary ambient air quality 
standard or the availability of improved or more expeditious methods of 
attaining such standard, and (ii), except as provided in paragraph 
110(a)(3)(C), whenever the Administrator finds on the basis of 
information available to the Administrator that the SIP is 
substantially inadequate to attain the NAAQS which it implements or to 
otherwise comply with any additional requirements under the CAA.
    State submittals: The Idaho submittals refer to Idaho Code Section 
39-105(3)(d) which provides Idaho DEQ with the broad authority to 
revise rules, in accordance with Idaho administrative procedures for 
rulemaking, to meet national ambient air quality standards as 
incorporated by reference in IDAPA 58.01.01.107. Idaho also refers to 
their submittal for CAA section 110(a)(2)(A) above.
    EPA analysis: We find that Idaho has adequate authority to 
regularly update the SIP to take into account revisions of the NAAQS 
and other related regulatory changes. In practice, Idaho regularly 
updates the SIP for purposes of NAAQS revisions and other regulatory 
changes. We most recently approved revisions to the Idaho SIP on March 
3, 2014 (79 FR 11711), April 3, 2013 (78 FR 20001), and March 19, 2013 
(78 FR 16790). Idaho has incorporated by reference the 1997 
PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS into the 
Idaho SIP. Therefore, we are proposing to approve the Idaho SIP as 
meeting the requirements of CAA section 110(a)(2)(H) for the 1997 
PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS.

110(a)(2)(I): Nonattainment Area Plan Revision Under Part D

    There are two elements identified in CAA section 110(a)(2) not 
governed by the three year submission deadline of CAA section 110(a)(1) 
because SIPs incorporating necessary local nonattainment area controls 
are not due within three years after promulgation of a new or revised 
NAAQS, but rather due at the time of the nonattainment area plan 
requirements pursuant to section 172 and the various pollutant specific 
subparts 2-5 of part D. These requirements are: (i) Submissions 
required by CAA section 110(a)(2)(C) to the extent that subsection 
refers to a permit program as required in part D, title I of the CAA, 
and (ii) submissions required by CAA section 110(a)(2)(I) which pertain 
to the nonattainment planning requirements of part D, title I of the 
CAA. As a result, this action does not address infrastructure elements 
related to CAA section 110(a)(2)(C) with respect to nonattainment NSR 
or CAA section 110(a)(2)(I).
    110(a)(2)(J): Consultation with government officials: CAA section 
110(a)(2)(J) requires states to provide a process for consultation with 
local governments and Federal Land Managers carrying out NAAQS 
implementation requirements pursuant to CAA section 121. CAA section 
110(a)(2)(J) further requires states to notify the public if NAAQS are 
exceeded in an area and to enhance public awareness of measures that 
can be taken to prevent exceedances. Lastly, CAA section 110(a)(2)(J) 
requires states to meet applicable requirements of part C, title I of 
the CAA related to prevention of significant deterioration and 
visibility protection.
    State submittals: The Idaho submittals refer to laws and 
regulations relating to public participation processes for SIP

[[Page 16721]]

revisions and permitting programs. Idaho DEQ consults with other state 
agencies, local agencies, and nongovernmental organizations, as well as 
with the environmental agencies of other states regarding air quality 
issues. The submittals refer to Idaho Code Section 39-105.03(c) which 
promotes outreach with local governments and Idaho Code Section 39-129 
which provides authority for Idaho DEQ to enter into agreements with 
local governments. In addition, Idaho's submittals reference the Idaho 
transportation conformity rules, and states that Idaho DEQ generally 
incorporates by reference the Federal PSD and nonattainment new source 
review programs.
    EPA analysis: The Idaho SIP includes specific provisions for 
consulting with local governments and Federal Land Managers as 
specified in CAA section 121, including the Idaho rules for major 
source PSD permitting. The EPA most recently approved Idaho permitting 
rules at IDAPA 58.01.01.209 and 58.01.01.404, which provide opportunity 
and procedures for public comment and notice to appropriate Federal, 
state and local agencies, on November 26, 2010 (75 FR 47530) and 
January 16, 2003 (68 FR 2217) respectively. We approved Idaho's rules 
that define transportation conformity consultation on April 12, 2001 
(66 FR 18873). In practice, Idaho DEQ routinely coordinates with local 
governments, states, Federal Land Managers and other stakeholders on 
air quality issues including permitting action, transportation 
conformity, and regional haze. Therefore, we are proposing to find that 
the Idaho SIP meets the requirements of CAA section 110(a)(2)(J) for 
consultation with government officials for the 1997 PM2.5, 
2006 PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS.
    CAA section 110(a)(2)(J) also requires the public be notified if 
NAAQS are exceeded in an area and to enhance public awareness of 
measures that can be taken to prevent exceedances. The EPA calculates 
an air quality index for five major air pollutants regulated by the 
Clean Air Act: Ground-level ozone, particulate matter, carbon monoxide, 
sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen dioxide. The EPA AIRNOW program provides 
this air quality index daily to the public, including health effects 
and actions members of the public can take to reduce air pollution. 
Idaho actively participates and submits information to the AIRNOW 
program, in addition to the EPA's Enviroflash Air Quality Alert 
program. Idaho DEQ also provides the daily air quality index to the 
public on the DEQ Web site at http://www.deq.idaho.gov/air/aqindex.cfm, 
as well as measures that can be taken to prevent exceedances. 
Therefore, we are proposing to find that the Idaho SIP meets the 
requirements of CAA section 110(a)(2)(J) for public notification for 
the 1997 PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS.
    Turning to the requirement in CAA section 110(a)(2)(J) that the SIP 
meet the applicable requirements of part C, title I of the CAA, we have 
evaluated this requirement in the context of CAA section 110(a)(2)(C) 
with respect to permitting. The EPA most recently approved revisions to 
the Idaho's PSD program on March 3, 2014, updating the PSD program for 
purposes of fine particulate matter NAAQS implementation in attainment 
and unclassifiable areas (79 FR 11711). On July 17, 2012, we approved a 
revision to the Idaho SIP to provide authority to implement the PSD 
permitting program with respect to greenhouse gas emissions (77 FR 
41916). Idaho's PSD program implements the 1997 PM2.5, 2006 
PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS and incorporates by reference 
the Federal PSD program regulations at 40 CFR 52.21 as of July 1, 2012. 
We believe that our proposed approval of element 110(a)(2)(J) is not 
affected by recent court vacaturs of EPA PSD implementing regulations. 
(Please see our discussion at section 110(a)(2)(C).) Therefore, we are 
proposing to approve the Idaho SIP as meeting the requirements of CAA 
section 110(a)(2)(J) with respect to PSD for the 1997 PM2.5, 
2006 PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS.
    With regard to the applicable requirements for visibility 
protection, the EPA recognizes that states are subject to visibility 
and regional haze program requirements under part C, title I of the 
CAA. In the event of the establishment of a new NAAQS, however, the 
visibility and regional haze program requirements under part C do not 
change. Thus we find that there is no new applicable requirement 
relating to visibility triggered under CAA section 110(a)(2)(J) when a 
new NAAQS becomes effective. Based on the above analysis, we are 
proposing to approve the Idaho SIP as meeting the requirements of CAA 
section 110(a)(2)(J) for the 1997 PM2.5, 2006 
PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS.

110(a)(2)(K): Air Quality and Modeling/Data

    CAA section 110(a)(2)(K) requires that SIPs provide for (i) the 
performance of such air quality modeling as the Administrator may 
prescribe for the purpose of predicting the effect on ambient air 
quality of any emissions of any air pollutant for which the 
Administrator has established a national ambient air quality standard, 
and (ii) the submission, upon request, of data related to such air 
quality modeling to the Administrator.
    State submittals: The Idaho submittals state that air quality 
modeling is conducted during development of revisions to the SIP, as 
appropriate for the State to demonstrate attainment with required air 
quality standards. Modeling is also addressed in Idaho's source 
permitting process as discussed at section 110(a)(2)(A) above. 
Estimates of ambient concentrations are based on air quality models, 
data bases and other requirements specified in 40 CFR Part 51, Appendix 
W (Guidelines on Air Quality Models) which is incorporated by reference 
at IDAPA 58.01.01.107.
    EPA analysis: We most recently approved revisions to IDAPA 
58.01.01.107 (Incorporations by Reference) on March 3, 2014 (79 FR 
11711). This rule incorporates by reference the following EPA 
regulations: Requirements for Preparation, Adoption, and Submittal of 
Implementation Plans, 40 CFR part 51; National Primary and Secondary 
Ambient Air Quality Standards, 40 CFR part 50; Approval and 
Promulgation of Implementation Plans, 40 CFR part 52; Ambient Air 
Monitoring Reference and Equivalent Methods, 40 CFR part 53; and 
Ambient Air Quality Surveillance, 40 CFR part 58 revised as of July 1, 
2012. Idaho has incorporated by reference the 1997 PM2.5, 
2006 PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS into State regulations. 
Idaho models estimates of ambient concentrations based on 40 CFR part 
51 Appendix W (Guidelines on Air Quality Models). To cite an example of 
a SIP supported by substantial modeling, the EPA approved the 
PM10 Maintenance Plan for Northern Ada County/Boise Idaho 
Area on October 27, 2003 (68 FR 61106). Therefore, we are proposing to 
approve the Idaho SIP as meeting the requirements of CAA section 
110(a)(2)(K) for the 1997 PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5, and 
2008 ozone NAAQS.

110(a)(2)(L): Permitting Fees

    CAA section 110(a)(2)(L) requires SIPs to require each major 
stationary source to pay permitting fees to cover the cost of 
reviewing, approving, implementing and enforcing a permit.
    State submittals: The Idaho submittals state that CAA section 
110(a)(2)(L) requires owners and operators of major stationary sources 
to pay to the permitting authority fees to cover the costs of review, 
implementation and enforcement until a fee requirement is superseded 
with respect to such sources

[[Page 16722]]

by the Administrator's approval of a fee program under title V. The EPA 
approved Idaho's title V permitting program on October 4, 2001 (66 FR 
50574) with an effective data of November 5, 2001.
    EPA analysis: We approved Idaho's title V program on October 4, 
2001 (66 FR 50574) with an effective date of November 5, 2001. While 
Idaho's operating permit program is not formally approved into the 
State's SIP, it is a legal mechanism Idaho can use to ensure that Idaho 
DEQ has sufficient resources to support the air program, consistent 
with the requirements of the SIP. Before the EPA can grant full 
approval, a state must demonstrate the ability to collect adequate 
fees. Idaho's title V program included a demonstration the State will 
collect a fee from title V sources above the presumptive minimum in 
accordance with 40 CFR 70.9(b)(2)(i). In addition, Idaho regulations 
require fees for purposes of major and minor NSR permitting, as 
specified in IDAPA 58.01.01.224-227. Therefore, we are proposing to 
conclude that Idaho has satisfied the requirements of CAA section 
110(a)(2)(L) for the 1997 PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5, and 
2008 ozone NAAQS.

110(a)(2)(M): Consultation/Participation by Affected Local Entities

    CAA section 110(a)(2)(M) requires states to provide for 
consultation and participation in SIP development by local political 
subdivisions affected by the SIP.
    State submittals: The Idaho submittals state that consultation with 
a variety of different state and local organizations is a regular part 
of Idaho DEQ's process of developing SIP revisions. The requirements 
for plan preparation and public process include 40 CFR part 51, 
incorporated by reference at IDAPA 58.01.01.107. Idaho also references 
rules cited under CAA section 110(a)(2)(J) above.
    EPA analysis: The EPA most recently approved IDAPA 58.01.01.107 
(incorporations by reference), which incorporates by reference 40 CFR 
part 51, Requirements for Preparation, Adoption, and Submittal of 
Implementation Plans, on March 3, 2014 (79 FR 11711). In addition, we 
most recently approved Idaho permitting rules at IDAPA 58.01.01.209 and 
58.01.01.404, which provide opportunity and procedures for public 
comment and notice to appropriate Federal, state and local agencies, on 
January 16, 2003 (68 FR 2217) and November 26, 2010 (75 FR 47530). 
Finally, we approved the Idaho rules that define transportation 
conformity consultation on April 12, 2001 (66 FR 18873). Therefore, we 
are proposing to approve the Idaho SIP as meeting the requirements of 
CAA section 110(a)(2)(M) for the 1997 PM2.5, 2006 
PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS.

V. Proposed Action

    The EPA is proposing to find that the Idaho SIP meets the following 
CAA section 110(a)(2) infrastructure elements for the 1997 
PM2.5, 2006 PM2.5, and 2008 ozone NAAQS: (A), 
(B), (C), (D)(ii), (E), (F), (G), (H), (J), (K), (L), and (M). We are 
also proposing to find that the Idaho SIP meets the requirements of CAA 
section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II) as it applies to prevention of significant 
deterioration and visibility for the 2006 PM2.5 and 2008 
ozone NAAQS.

VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Under the CAA, the Administrator is required to approve a SIP 
submission that complies with the provisions of the Act and applicable 
Federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in 
reviewing SIP submissions, the EPA's role is to approve state choices, 
provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. Accordingly, this 
proposed action merely approves the state's law as meeting Federal 
requirements and does not impose additional requirements beyond those 
imposed by the state's law. For that reason, this proposed action:
     Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' subject to 
review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Order 
12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993);
     Does not impose an information collection burden under the 
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
     Is certified as not having a significant economic impact 
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
     Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or 
uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded 
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
     Does not have Federalism implications as specified in 
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
     Is not an economically significant regulatory action based 
on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 
19885, April 23, 1997);
     Is not a significant regulatory action subject to 
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);
     Is not subject to the requirements of Section 12(d) of the 
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 
note) because this action does not involve technical standards; and
     Does not provide the EPA with the discretionary authority 
to address, as appropriate, disproportionate human health or 
environmental effects, using practicable and legally permissible 
methods, under Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
    In addition, this rule does not have tribal implications as 
specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000), 
because the SIP is not approved to apply in Indian country located in 
the State, and the EPA notes that it will not impose substantial direct 
costs on tribal governments or preempt tribal law.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by 
reference, Nitrogen dioxide, Ozone, Particulate matter, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements, Sulfur oxides, and Volatile organic 
compounds.

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

    Dated: March 13, 2014.
Dennis J. McLerran,
Regional Administrator, Region 10.
[FR Doc. 2014-06664 Filed 3-25-14; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


