                                         
                                             WASTEWATER RECLAMATION 
                COMPLIANCE AND REGULATORY AFFAIRS OFFICE LABORATORY 
                   2955 W Calle Agua Nueva, Tucson, AZ 85745
                                                              Telephone: (520) 724-6200
                              2017 QUALITY MANUAL
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       


                                        
                                       
                                       
                                       






Revision Number:
11
Effective Date:
10-11-17
Document Number:
QA-1


                                        2
                                Table of Contents

                                    Section
                                     Title
                                     Page
                                Effective Date
                                       



                                       1
TITLE PAGE
Signature Page
1-1
1-2
10-11-17
                                       




                                       2
TABLE OF CONTENTS
2-1
10-11-17
                                       
List of Appendices
Table of Tables
2-8
2-11

                                       
Table of Figures
2-12

                                       




                                       3
INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
3-1
10-11-17
                                       
3.1
Scope of Testing
3-1

                                       
3.2
Table of Contents, References and Appendices
3-6

                                       
3.3 
Glossary and Acronyms Used
3-8

                                       
3.4
Management of the Quality Manual
3-11

                                       




                                       4
ORGANIZATION
4-1
10-11-17
                                       
4.1 
Organization
4-1

                                       
4.2
Conflict of Interest and Undue Pressure
4-3

                                       5
MANAGEMENT
5-1
10-11-17
                                       
5.1
Management Requirements
5-1

                                       
5.2
Management Roles and Responsibilities 
5-4

                                       
5.3
Quality Policy
5-8

                                       
5.4
Ethics and Data Integrity System 
5-9

                                       
5.5
Documentation of Management  System 
5-9

                                       




                                       6
DOCUMENT CONTROL
6-1
10-11-17
                                       
6.1
Controlled Documents
6-1

                                       
6.2
Obsolete Documents 
6-4

                                       




                                       7
REVIEW OF REQUESTS, TENDERS AND CONTRACTS
7-1
10-11-17
                                       
7.1
Procedure for the Review of Work Requests 
7-1

                                       
7.2
Documentation of Review
7-3

                                       




                                       8
SUBCONTRACTING OF ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS
8-1
10-11-17
                                       
8.1
Procedure
8-1

                                       




                                       9
PURCHASING SERVICES AND SUPPLIES
9-1
10-11-17
                                       
9.1 
Procedure 
9-1

                                       
9.2
Procedure For Receipt of Supplies
9-2

                                       




                                      10
SERVICE TO THE CLIENT
10-1
10-11-17
                                       
10.1
Client Confidentiality 
10-1

                                       
10.2
Client Support
10-1

                                       




                                      11
COMPLAINTS
11-1
10-11-17
                                       




                                      12
CONTROL OF NON-CONFORMING ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING WORK 
12-1
10-11-17
                                       
12.1
Exceptionally Permitting Departures from Documented Policies and Procedures
12-1

                                       
12.2
Non-conforming Work
12-2

                                       
12.3
Stop Work Procedures
12-3

                                       




                                      13
IMPROVEMENT
13-1
10-11-17
                                      14
CORRECTIVE ACTION
14-1
10-11-17
                                       
14.1
General Procedure
14-1

                                       
14.2
Additional Audits
14-3

                                       
14.3                  
Technical Corrective Action         
14-3


                                      15
PREVENTIVE ACTION
15-1
10-11-17
                                       




                                      16
CONTROL OF RECORDS
16-1
10-11-17
                                       
16.1
Records Maintained
16-1

                                       
16.2
Records Management and Storage
16-2

                                       
16.3
Legal Chain of Custody Records
16-3

                                       




                                      17
AUDITS
17-1
10-11-17
                                       
17.1 
Internal Audits
17-1

                                       
17.2
External Audits
17-1

                                       
17.3
Performance Audits 
17-2

                                       
17.4
System Audits
17-2

                                       
17.5
Handling Audit Findings
17-2

                                       




                                      18
MANAGEMENT REVIEWS
18-1
10-11-17
                                       
18.1
Management Review Topics
18-1

                                       
18.2
Procedure 
18-1

                                       




                                      19
DATA INTEGRITY INVESTIGATIONS
19-1
10-11-17
                                       
19.1
Ethics and Data Integrity Procedures
19-1

                                       
19.2
Training
19-2

                                       
19.3
Confidential Reporting of Ethics and Data Integrity Issues 
19-2

                                       
19.4
Investigations
19-2

                                       




                                      20
PERSONNEL 
20-1
10-11-17
                                       
20.1
Overview 
20-1

                                       
20.2
Job Descriptions
20-2

                                       
20.3
Training
20-2

                                       




                                      21
ACCOMODATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
21-1
10-11-17
                                       
21.1
Environmental 
21-1

                                       
21.2
Work Areas
21-1

                                       
21.3
Floor Plan
21-1

                                       
21.4
Building Security 
21-2

                                       




                                      22
ENVIRONMENTAL METHODS AND METHOD VALIDATION
22-1
10-11-17
                                       
22.1
Method Selection 
22-1

                                       
22.2
Laboratory-Developed Methods
22-2

                                       
22.3
Method Validation 
22-2

                                       
22.4 
Control of Data
22-3

                                       




                                      23
CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS
23-1
10-11-17
                                       
23.1
General Equipment Requirements
23-1

                                       
23.2
Support Equipment 
23-2

                                       
23.3
Analytical Equipment
23-8

                                       




                                      24
MEASUREMENT TRACEABILITY 
24-1
10-11-17
                                       
24.1 
Reference Standards 
24-1

                                       
24.2
Reference Materials 
24-1

                                       
24.3
Transport and Storage of Reference Standards and Materials 
24-2

                                       
24.4
Labeling of Reference Standards, Reagents, and Reference Materials 
24-2

                                       




                                      25
COLLECTION OF SAMPLES
25-1
10-11-17
                                       
25.1
Sampling Containers 
25-1

                                       
25.2
Sampling Plan
25-1

                                       
25.3
Sampling Records 
25-1

                                       




                                      26
HANDLING SAMPLES AND TEST ITEMS
26-1
10-11-17
                                       
26.1 
Sample Receipt 
26-1

                                       
26.2
Sample Acceptance 
26-2

                                       
26.3
Sample Identification 
26-2

                                       
26.4 
Sample Aliquots / Subsampling 
26-3

                                       
26.5
Sample Storage 
26-3

                                       
26.6
Sample Disposal 
26-4

                                       
26.7
Sample Transport
26-4

                                       




                                      27
QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING 
27-1
10-11-17
                                       
27.1 
Essential Quality Control Procedures 
27-1 

                                       
27.2
Internal Quality Control Practices 
27-2

                                       
27.3
Proficiency Test Samples or Inter laboratory Comparisons
27-8

                                       
27.4
Data Review
27-9

                                       




                                      28
REPORTING THE RESULTS
28-1
10-11-17
                                       
28.1
Test Reports
28-1

                                       
28.2
Supplemental Test Report Information 
28-2

                                       
28.3
Environmental Testing Obtained from Subcontractors 
28-3

                                       
28.4
Electronic Transmission of Results 
28-3

                                       
28.5
Amendments to Test Reports
28-3

                                       




                                  APPENDICES

Appendix A
                                       
Ethics and Data Integrity Policy 
App A-1
10-11-17
Appendix B

Laboratory Organizational Chart
App B-1
10-11-17
Appendix C

Laboratory Floor Plan 
App C-1
10-11-17
Appendix D
Example Final Reports

App D-1
10-11-17
Appendix E
Arizona Dept. Health Service License

App E-1
10-11-17
Appendix F

Equipment Inventory  -  Biomonitoring
App F-1
10-11-17
Appendix G
Equipment Inventory - Inorganic

App G-1
10-11-17
Appendix H
Equipment Inventory - Organic

App H-1
10-11-17
Appendix I
Equipment Inventory  -  Micro
App I-1
10-11-17
                                       




 Appendix J
Equipment Inventory - QA
App J-1
10-11-17
                                       




Appendix K
Terms, Definitions and Acronyms
App K-1
10-11-17
                                       




 Appendix L
Laboratory Employee Signature/Initial Identification Form
App L-1
10-11-17




                                  Appendix M
Arizona Administrative Code for Licensing of Environmental Laboratories R9-14-601 et seq.

AppM-1
10-11-17

                                  Appendix N
Records Retention and Disposition Schedule

App N-1
10-11-17
  Appendix O	Preservation, Holding Times and Sampling Containers                 App O-1           10-11-17
  

 Appendix P	Listing of CRAO Laboratory SOPs
App P-1
10-11-17
  

Table of Tables


Table
Title
Page
Revision Date




Table 5-2
Key Personnel Deputies
5-8
10-11-17
Table 23-1

Summary of Support Equipment Calibration and Maintenance 

23-3
10-11-17
Table 23-2

Calibration Acceptance Criteria for Support Equipment 

23-7
10-11-17
Table 27-1
Essential Quality Control Elements for Chemistry 

27-4
10-11-17
Table 27-2
Essential Quality Control Requirements for Microbiology  -  All Methods
27-5
10-11-17


Table 27-3
Stock Culture
27.6
10-11-17


                               Table of Figures


Figure
Title
Page
Revision Date




Figure 4-1

RWRD organizational chart
4-2
10-11-17
Figure 26-1

Example Chain of Custody-Single Sample Site
26-5
10-11-17
Figure 26-2

Example Chain of Custody-Multiple Sample Sites
26-6
10-11-17

















































					
 
                                   SECTION 3
INTRODUCTION AND SCOPE
(TNI V1:M2  -  Sections 1, 2, 3)


The purpose of this Quality Manual is to outline the management system for Pima County RWRD Compliance and Regulatory Affairs Office (CRAO) laboratory. The Quality Manual defines the policies, procedures, and documentation that assure analytical services continually meet a defined standard of quality that is designed to provide clients with data of known and documented quality and, where applicable, demonstrate regulatory compliance.  

The Quality Manual sets the standard under which all laboratory operations are performed, including the laboratory's organization, objectives, and operating philosophy. The Quality Manual has been prepared to assure compliance with Arizona Department of Health Services (ADHS) licensure rules (AAC, Title 9, Chapter 14, Article 6) and the 2009 TNI Environmental Laboratory Sector Standard  -  Volume 1  -  Management and Technical Requirements for Laboratories Performing Environmental Analysis (EL-V1-M1 through M7-ISO-2009). This Standard is consistent with ISO/IEC 17025:2005 requirements that are relevant to the scope of environmental testing services and thus, the laboratory operates a quality system in conformance with ISO/IEC 17025:2005(E). 


3.1	Scope of Testing

	For Parameters Licensed with ADHS, please refer to Appendix E. 
      
      Non-compliance /Unlicensed Methods:
	
Volatile Organic Acids
  Standard Methods 5560B
Sludge Digester Gas Analysis
  Standard Methods 2720C

      
 Table of Contents, References and Appendices 

      The Table of Contents is in Section 2 and Appendices are located at the end of this document as Appendix A through Appendix P.
       
      References
      This Quality Manual uses the references included in Modules 1-7 in the 2009 TNI Environmental Laboratory Sector Standard  -  Volume 1  -  Management and Technical Requirements for Laboratories Performing Environmental Analysis as well as the references listed in the Arizona Administrative Code for Licensing of Environmental Laboratories R9-14-601 et. seq. (see Appendix M). 
      This Quality Manual uses the references from the EL-VI-2009 TNI Standard.
      Test Method References:
      References to all analytical procedures in use are maintained in the CRAO Lab are located in the Unit Supervisor Office, the Quality Assurance officer's (QAO) office, or online. The QAO is responsible for maintaining the currency of all references used to write SOPs.   All compliance samples tested by the CRAO Lab must follow SOPs derived from EPA approved methods as appropriate to the sample matrix. The following references contain approved methods for compliance testing performed by the CRAO Lab:
 HACH Water Analysis Handbook, 5thd Edition, HACH Company, P.O. Box 389, Loveland, CO, 2008, CD Located in 1072C. 
 Manual for the Certification of Laboratories Analyzing Drinking Water: Criteria and Procedures Quality Assurance, 5th Edition, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. Jan. 2005. EPA815-R-05-004. https://www.epa.gov/dwlabcert/laboratory-certification-manual-drinking-water  . Accessed 6-27-17.
 Supplement 1 to the Fifth Edition of the Manual for the Certification of Laboratories Analyzing Drinking Water, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH. June 2008. EPA 815-F-08-006. https://www.epa.gov/dwlabcert/laboratory-certification-manual-drinking-water . Accessed 6-27-17.
  Supplement 2 to the Fifth Edition of the Manual for the Certification of Laboratories Analyzing Drinking Water, EPA 815-F-12-006 November 2012 Drinking Water Manual Supplement 2 . Accessed 6-27-17.
 Method 1664, Rev B, N-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM; Oil and Grease) and Silica Gel Treated N-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM; Non-polar Material) by Extraction and Gravimetry, Method 1664B (accessed 6-27-17.  U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water (4303T), Washington,D.C., Feb 2010 EPA 821-R-10-001.
 Methods for Determination of Inorganic Substances in Environmental Samples, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH, Aug 1993, EPA 600/R-93/100 (600R93100). METHODS FOR THE DETERMINATION OF INORGANIC SUBSTANCES  Accessed 6-27-17.
 Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 21st Edition,APHA-AWWA-WPCF, 2005,  http://standardmethods.org . Accessed 6-27-17.
 Standard Methods for Examination of Water and Wastewater, 22nd Edition,APHA-AWWA-WPCF, 2012,  http://standardmethods.org . Accessed 6-27-17.
 Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, EPA, Pub. No. SW-846, Test Methods for Evaluating Solid Waste, Physical/Chemical Methods (3rd ed. 1986), as amended by Update I, July 1992; Update IIA, August 1993; Update II, September 1994; Update IIB, January 1995; Update III, December 1996; Update IIIA, June 1999; and Update IIIB, July 2005, available from National Technical Information Service, 5285 Prt. Royal Rd., Springfield, VA 22161, and at https://www.epa.gov/hw-sw846/sw-846-compendium . Accessed 6-27-17.
 Title 40 Code of Federal Regulations Part 136 app. A (July 2005), available at https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/CFR-2005-title40-vol22/pdf/CFR-2005-title40-vol22-part136-appA.pdf  . 6-27-17.
 Handbook of Environmental Analysis, Roy-Keith Smith, Genium Publishing Corporation, 1993. (Definitions)
 EPA 821/R-02/013 for Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing (WETT testing). http://water.epa.gov/scitech/methods/cwa/wet/disk3_index.cfm . Accessed 6-15-16.


 Glossary and Acronyms Used

      Quality control terms are generally defined within the Section that describes the activity. 

3.3.1	Glossary

      The Terms and Definitions Section of Modules 1-7 in the 2009 TNI Environmental Laboratory Sector Standard  -  Volume 1  -  Management and Technical Requirements for Laboratories Performing Environmental Analysis.
      See Appendix K for further Terms, Definitions and Acronyms.
      
 
      3.3.1.1	The TNI Standard: Modules 1-7 in the 2009 TNI Environmental Laboratory Sector Standard  -  Volume 1  -  Management and Technical Requirements for Laboratories Performing Environmental Analysis (EL-V1, M1 through M7, ISO-2009).

3.3.2	Acronyms

      A list of acronyms used in this document and their definitions are:

      AB	 - 	Accrediting Body
      ADHS      -     Arizona Department of Health Services
      ANSI	 - 	American National Standards Institute
      ASQC	 - 	American Society for Quality Control
      ASTM	 - 	American Society for Testing and Materials 
      Blk	 - 	Blank
      BKD        -     Breakdown Check Standard, particular to pesticides
      °C	 - 	Degrees Celsius
      cal	 - 	Calibration
      CAS	 - 	Chemical Abstract Service 
      CCB        -     Continuing Calibration Blank
      CCV	 - 	Continuing Calibration Verification
      COC	 - 	Chain of Custody
      CRL        -      MRL-Level Calibration Verification
      DO	 - 	Dissolved Oxygen
      DOC	 - 	Demonstration of Capability
      EPA	 - 	Environmental Protection Agency
      g/L	 - 	Grams per Liter
      GC/MS	 - 	Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
      HCV        -     High-Level Calibration Verification
      IBL         -     Instrument Blank
      ICB         -     Initial Calibration Blank
      ICP-MS	 - 	Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry
      ICV	 - 	Initial Calibration Verification
      IFA         -     Interference Check Standard A
      IFB         -     Interference Check Standard B
      ISO/IEC	 - 	International Organization for Standardization/International Electrochemical Commission
      lb/in[2]	 - 	Pound per Square Inch 
      LCS	 - 	Laboratory Control Sample 
      LFB	 - 	Laboratory Fortified Blank
      LOD	-	Limit of Detection
      LOQ	- 	Limit of Quantitation
      MDL	 - 	Method Detection Limit, same as LOD
      mg/Kg	 - 	Milligrams per Kilogram
      mg/L	 - 	Milligrams per Liter 
      MS	 - 	Matrix Spike
      MSD	 - 	Matrix Spike Duplicate
      NELAC	 - 	National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Conference
      NELAP	 - 	National Environmental Laboratory Accreditation Program 
      NIST	 - 	National Institute of Standards and Technology 
      PC	 - 	Pima County  
      PE or PT	 - 	Proficiency Test(ing) 
      PTP	-	Proficiency Testing Provider 
      PTPA	 - 	Proficiency Testing Provider Accreditor 
      QA	 - 	Quality Assurance 
      QC	 - 	Quality Control
      QM	 - 	Quality Manual 
      RL	 - 	Reporting Level
      RPD	 - 	Relative Percent Difference
      RSD	 - 	Relative Standard Deviation 
      RWRD	 - 	Regional Wastewater Reclamation Department
      SCV        -     Second Source Calibration Verification 
      SOPs	 - 	Standard Operating Procedures
      Spk	 - 	Spike
      SRD        -     Serial Dilution
      SRM       -      Standard Reference Material 
      Std	 - 	Standard
      TNI	-	The NELAC Institute
      TUN       -      MS Tune
      ug/L	 - 	Micrograms per Liter 
      ug/m3     -      Micrograms per Cubic Meter
      UV	 - 	Ultraviolet
      VOC	 - 	Volatile Organic Compound
      WETT	 - 	Whole Effluent Toxicity Testing


3.4	Management of the Quality Manual

      The Quality Assurance Chemist Specialist is responsible for maintaining the currency of the Quality Manual.
      
      The Quality Manual is reviewed annually by the Quality Assurance Chemist Specialist and laboratory personnel to ensure it still reflects current practices and meets the requirements of any applicable regulations or client specifications. Sections of the manual are updated by making a change to the Section and then increasing the revision number by one. The cover sheet of the Quality Manual (Section 1) must be re-signed and the Table of Contents (Section 2) is updated whenever a Section is updated.
      
      The Quality Manual is considered confidential within the CRAO Laboratory and may not be altered in anyway except by approval of the Laboratory Director, Quality Assurance Chemist Specialist, and Chemist Specialists. If it is distributed to external users, it is for the purpose of reviewing CRAO Laboratory management system and may not be used for any other purpose without written permission. 

Section 4

ORGANIZATION
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.1)


The laboratory is licensed by ADHS, license number AZO159.  The laboratory is responsible for carrying out testing activities that meet the requirements of ADHS, the TNI Standard, the ISO/EIC 17025 Standard, and that meet the needs of the client. Through application of the policies and procedures outlined in this Section and throughout the Quality Manual:

 The laboratory assures that it is impartial and that personnel are free from undue commercial, financial, or other undue pressures that might influence their technical judgment. 
      
 Management and technical personnel have the authority and resources to carry out their duties and have procedures to identify and correct departures from the laboratory's management system. 

 Personnel understand the relevance and importance of their duties as related to the maintenance of the laboratory's management system. 

 Ethics and data integrity procedures (see Appendix A,  -  "Management" and Section 19  -  "Data Integrity Investigations") ensure personnel do not engage in activities that diminish confidence in the laboratory's capabilities. 

 Confidentiality cannot be ensured because the Pima County RWRD CRAO Laboratory is a Governmental entity. 


4.1	Organization

      The laboratory is a county municipal entity. The ADHS license number is AZO159 and the EPA laboratory code is AZ00009. 
      The laboratory operates in Tucson, Arizona.
      
      The organizational chart for Pima County RWRD CRAO Laboratory can be found in Appendix B. 
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      
      Figure 4-1  - RWRD organizational chart
      
      
                                        
      
      
      Additional information regarding responsibilities, authority and interrelationship of personnel who manage, perform or verify testing is included in Section 5  - "Management" and Section 20  -  "Personnel". These Sections also include information on supervision, training, technical management, job descriptions, quality personnel, and appointment of deputies for key managerial personnel. 
      The laboratory has the resources and authority to operate a management system that is capable of identifying departures from that system and from procedures during testing, and initiates actions to minimize or prevent departures.
      
      
4.2	Conflict of Interest and Undue Pressure
      	
      The organizational structure indicated above minimizes the potential for conflicting or undue interests that might influence the technical judgment of analytical personnel. In addition, procedures are in place to prevent outside pressures or involvement in activities that may affect competence, impartiality, judgment, operational integrity, or the quality of the work performed at the laboratory. 
      
      All potential conflicts of interest will be reported to the employee's supervisor. All outside employment requires notification and approval from the Department Director once a year. 
      
      Arrangements, such as policies and procedures to prevent commercial, financial or other influences that may negatively affect the quality of the work or negatively reflect on the competence, impartiality, judgment or operational integrity are described in SOP 9.1, Ethics. 

Section 5

MANAGEMENT
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.2)


      The laboratory is a legally identifiable organization. Through application of the policies and procedures outlined in this chapter, the laboratory assures that it is impartial and that personnel are free from undue commercial, financial, or other undue pressures that might influence their technical judgment. The laboratory is responsible for carrying out testing activities that meet the requirements of the TNI Standard and that meet the needs of the client. The laboratory maintains a management system that is appropriate to the scope of its activities. 


5.1	Management Requirements

      Management includes the Compliance and Regulatory Affairs Project Manager, Laboratory Director, Inorganic Chemist Specialist, Organic Chemist Specialist, Microbiology/Wet Chemistry Chemist Specialist, Whole Effluent Toxicity Chemist Specialist, and the Quality Assurance Chemist Specialist.
      Management's commitment to good professional practice and to the quality of its products is defined in the Quality Policy statement, Section 5.3 
      
      Management has overall responsibility for the technical operations and the authority needed to generate the required quality of laboratory operations. Management ensures communication within the organization to maintain an effective management system and to communicate the importance of meeting customer, statutory, and regulatory requirements. Management assures that the system documentation is known and available so that appropriate personnel can implement their part. When changes to the management system occur or are planned, managers ensure that the integrity of the system is maintained. 
      
      Management is responsible for carrying out testing activities that meet the requirements of EPA, ADHS, and ensuring that the needs of the client are met.

      Managers implement, maintain, and improve the management system, and identify noncompliance with the management system of procedures. Managers initiate actions to prevent or minimize noncompliance.
      
      Management is responsible for the assignment of responsibilities, ensuring the competence of personnel operating equipment, performing tests, evaluating results, or signing reports, and limits authority to perform laboratory functions to those appropriately trained and/or supervised. 
      Job descriptions are available for all positions that manage, perform, or verify work affecting data quality, and are located at http://webcms.pima.gov/cms/One.aspx?portalId=169&pageId=2887. Job descriptions include the specific tasks, minimum education and qualifications, skills, and experience required for each position.
      All personnel are appropriately trained and have demonstrated competency in their assigned tasks prior to contributing to functions that can affect data quality. It is management's responsibility to assure personnel are trained. Only trained personnel are authorized to perform specific tasks. Training records are maintained for all laboratory individuals.
      New staff members are given introductory training and orientation upon arrival.
      
      Training is documented by signature sheets of all in attendance.
      
      The initial training for a new task consists of the following steps:
      
 Training is conducted under the direct supervision of a qualified senior analyst.
 The trainee and the trainer acknowledge by signature that all documentation involved with a new and unfamiliar task has been read and understood by the trainee.
 During the time the analyst is training, the trainee may sign laboratory notebooks or logbooks; however laboratory notebooks must be cosigned by the senior analyst, who is then responsible for the data generated.
 The trainee demonstrates competency in the new task prior to operating independently. The competency for a test method is proven by successful passage of a demonstration of capability as indicated in SOP 9.36. 
 Approval of competency is acknowledged by the initials or signature of the qualified senior analyst on the training form.
 Each step of the training process is documented.
            
	Ongoing training will consist of the following:
 The analyst attests, through signature that they have read, understood, and agreed to perform the latest version of the Quality Manual and any method SOP's that the analyst performs.
             Annually, the analyst demonstrates continued proficiency in each method they perform.
             Other training as determined by management.
             Proof of acceptable on-going training is documented by performing the annual demonstrations of capability for each analyst and each method.

      Management is responsible for defining the minimal level of education, qualifications, experience, and skills necessary for all positions in the laboratory and assuring that technical staff have demonstrated capabilities in their tasks.
      Training is kept up to date as described in Section 20  -  "Personnel" by periodic review of training records and through employee performance review.
      
      Management bears specific responsibility for maintenance of the management system. This includes defining roles and responsibilities to personnel, approving documents, providing required training, providing a procedure for confidential reporting of data integrity issues, and periodically reviewing data, procedures, and documentation. Management bears specific responsibility authorities, and interrelationships of the personnel who manage, perform, or verify work affecting the quality of environmental tests is documented in Section 20. 
      Management ensures that audit findings and corrective actions are completed within required time frames.
      
      
       
5.2	Management Roles and Responsibilities

      5.2.1 	Compliance and Regulatory Affairs Project Manager
            
      The Compliance and Regulatory Affairs Project Manager is the administrator and the final authority for the CRAO Laboratory. It is the Program Manager's responsibility to ensure adequate funding and equipment is available for the laboratory staff. The Program Manager reports directly to the RWRD Director.
      The Program Manager administers the operations, maintenance and technical services of the Compliance and Regulatory Affairs group. The Program Manager acts as the "owner" of the CRAO Lab and therefore cosigns the Laboratory License.
      
            

5.2.2	Laboratory Director

      The CRAO Laboratory Director provides first line supervision of laboratory                                             personnel involved in the chemical and microbiological examination of water and waste to include ground water, storm water, surface water, wastewater, and biosolids from RWRD facilities. This classification is responsible for accurate and timely testing for compliance with licensure requirements set forth by local, State and Federal regulatory agencies. [This position fulfills the requirements of the "Laboratory Director" as defined with duties enumerated by the Arizona Environmental Laboratory Licensure Rule.] The CRAO Laboratory Director ensures the laboratory is committed to following the QM and the SOPs. The Laboratory Director reports to the CRAO Program Manager.

	5.2.2.1	Responsibilities

	The Laboratory Director is responsible for: 

      Ensuring that personnel are free from any commercial, financial and other undue pressures that might adversely affect the quality of their work.
      Ensuring that all analysts and supervisors have the appropriate education and training to properly carry out the duties assigned to them and ensures that this training has been documented. 
      Ensuring that appropriate corrective actions are taken to address analyses identified as requiring such actions by internal and external performance or procedural audits. Procedures that do not meet the standards set forth in the Quality Manual, laboratory SOPs or laboratory policies may be temporarily suspended by the Laboratory Director. 
      Review and approval of all SOPs and policies prior to their implementation and ensuring laboratory personnel are provided with and adhering to all approved SOPs and policies.
5.2.3	Quality Assurance/Chemical Hygiene/Hazardous Waste Chemist Specialist (QA Chemist Specialist)

      The QA Chemist Specialist has the responsibility and the authority to ensure the QM is implemented and followed at all times. The QA Chemist Specialist has access to anyone in management who may make decisions on laboratory policy or resources. Ultimately the QA Chemist Specialist is responsible for the oversight and/or review of quality control data. The QA Chemist Specialist and The Quality Assurance Unit are not directly involved in analyzing samples to help ensure there is not a conflict of interest.
      Internal Audits are performed without influence from management or analysts. Appendix B shows the QA Chemist Specialist reports directly to the Laboratory Director.  The QA Chemist Specialist training and proof of experience in QA/QC procedures, knowledge of analytical methods, and the laboratory's management system are available in Y:\Lab Svcs\_Shared Data\Lab\training-files. These files are accessible to Laboratory Supervisors and QA chemists only.

      5.2.3.1	Responsibilities

	The Quality Assurance Chemist Specialist is responsible for:
	Serving as a focal point for QA/QC; 
      Arranging or conducting annual internal audits without outside (e.g., managerial) influence;
      Notifying management of deficiencies, and monitoring corrective actions; 

      Oversee and review of quality control data;

      Arranging or conducting internal audits annually;
      
      Monitoring corrective actions;
      
      Ensuring that the management system related to quality is implemented and followed at all times;
      
      Monitoring and maintaining laboratory certifications; 
      
      Keeping this Quality Manual current;
      
      Keeping the Chemical Hygiene Plan current;
      
      Maintaining the laboratory Hazardous Waste disposal program;
      
      Manage the Performance Evaluation Program;
      
      Manage sample receiving;
      
      Manage bottle prep;
      
      Manage monthly safety meetings program;
      
      Manage training records program.
      

5.2.4	Chemist Specialists

      The Chemist Specialist (or designee) is a full-time laboratory staff member and supervises laboratory operations and data reporting. The Chemist Specialist's proof of experience in the fields of accreditation may be found in Y:\Lab Svcs\_Shared Data\Lab\training-files. These files are accessible to Laboratory Supervisors and QA chemists only.
      If the Chemist Specialist is absent for fifteen (15) calendar days or more, a deputy (see Table 5-2 below) with appropriate qualifications will perform the Chemist Specialist's duties. Beyond a thirty-five (35) calendar day absence, management will notify the primary accreditation body in writing of the absence of the Chemist Specialist and the appointment of the deputy. 
The Chemist Specialist is not the Chemist Specialist of more than one accredited environmental laboratory.
      
	5.2.4.1	Responsibilities

              The Chemist Specialist is responsible for:
         a.	meeting the general and education requirements and qualifications found in Sections 4.1.7.2 and 5.2.6.1 of the TNI Standard - EL-V1M2-2009;
         b.	The unit supervisor reviews all calibrations, detection limits, and quality control checks performed by analysts.
         c.	The Chemist Specialist has the authority to reject an analysis or result for cause.
         d.	reviewing, updating and signing each SOP along with all data forms used by the unit.
         e. 	ensuring the analysts in their unit are properly trained, following accepted methods, and are performing analytical procedures in a manner that is safe to themselves and others in the laboratory.
         f.	troubleshooting problems and making corrective action plans in concert with the analyst. 
         g.	annually reading, following and ensuring the people in their unit follow the CHP, QM, and Ethics policy.
         
5.2.5	Laboratory Key Personnel Deputies

      The following table defines who assumes the responsibilities of key personnel in their absence:

Table 5-2  Key Personnel Deputies
                                 Key Personnel
                                    Deputy
                                    Comment
Laboratory Director
Compliance and Regulatory Affairs Project Manager
"Temporary may be appointed"
Quality Assurance Chemist Specialist
Laboratory Director
"Temporary may be appointed"
Chemist Specialist
Laboratory Director
"Temporary may be appointed"

5.3	Quality Policy

      Management's commitment to quality and to the management system is stated in the Quality Policy below, which is upheld through the application of related policies and procedures described in the laboratory's Quality Manual, SOPs and policies.  
      
      The objective of the quality system and the commitment of management is to consistently provide our customers with scientifically valid and defensible data of known and documented quality that meets their requirements. Our policy is to use good professional practices, to maintain quality, to uphold the highest quality of service, and to comply with the EL-VI-2009 TNI Standard and ADHS Rules & Statutes. The laboratory ensures that personnel are free from any commercial, financial, and other undue pressures, which might adversely affect the quality of work. This policy is implemented and enforced through the unequivocal commitment of management, at all levels, to the Quality Assurance (QA) principles and practices outlined in this manual. However, the primary responsibility for quality rests with each individual within the laboratory organization. Every laboratory employee must ensure
      that the generation and reporting of quality analytical data is a fundamental
      priority. Every laboratory employee is required to familiarize themselves with the quality documentation and to implement the policies and procedures
      in their work. All employees are trained annually on ethical principles and
      procedures surrounding the data that is generated. The laboratory cannot maintain a strict policy of client confidentiality because it is a government entity.
      
      
5.4	Ethics and Data Integrity System

      The laboratory has an Ethics and Data Integrity policy that is included in Appendix A. The laboratory's Ethics and Data Integrity program, training and investigations are discussed in Section 19  -  "Data Integrity Investigations".


5.5	Documentation of Management/Quality System

      The management system is defined through the policies and procedures provided in this Quality Manual and written laboratory Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and policies. 

5.5.1	Quality Manual

      The Quality Manual contains the following required items: 

      5.5.1.1	document title; 
      5.5.1.2	laboratory's full name and address; 
      5.5.1.3	name, address (if different from above), and telephone number of individual(s) responsible for the laboratory; 
      5.5.1.4	identification of all major organizational units which are to be covered by this quality manual and the effective date of the version; 
      5.5.1.5	identification of the laboratory's approved signatories; 
      5.5.1.6	the signed and dated concurrence (with appropriate names and titles), of all responsible parties including the quality manager(s), Chemist Specialist(s), and the agent who is in charge of all laboratory activities, such as the laboratory director;
      5.5.1.7 	the objectives of the management system and contain or reference the laboratory's policies and procedures; 
      5.5.1.8 	the laboratory's official quality policy statement, which shall include management system objectives and management's commitment to ethical laboratory practices and to upholding the requirements of this Standard; and
      5.5.1.9	a table of contents, and applicable lists of references, glossaries and appendices.
        
      This Quality Manual contains or references all required elements as defined by the TNI Standard - V1:M2, Section 4.2.8.4. 

5.5.2	Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) 

      Standard operating procedures (SOPs) represent all phases of current laboratory operations (they include an effective date, revision number, and signature of the approving authorities including the Chemist Specialists and the Laboratory Director  and are available to all personnel. They contain sufficient detail such that someone with similar qualifications could perform the procedures. There are two types of SOPs used in the laboratory: 1) test method SOPs, which have specific requirements as outlined below, and 2) administrative SOPs which document general procedures. 

      Each accredited analyte or method has an SOP. The laboratory's test method SOPs include the following topics, see SOP 9.18 for further information:
       identification of the method;
       applicable matrix or matrices;
       limits of detection and quantitation;
       scope and application, including parameters to be analyzed;
       summary of the method;
       definitions;
       interferences;
       safety;
       equipment and supplies;
       reagents and standards;
       sample collection, preservation, shipment and storage;
       quality control;
       calibration and standardization;
       procedure;
       data analysis and calculations;
       method performance;
       pollution prevention;
       data assessment and acceptance criteria for quality control measures;
       corrective actions for out-of-control data;
       contingencies for handling out-of-control or unacceptable data;
       waste management;
       references; and
       any tables, diagrams, flowcharts and validation data.

5.5.3	Order of Precedence
         
      In the event of a conflict or discrepancy between policies, the order of precedence is as follows unless otherwise noted: 
 Quality Manual
 SOPs
 Controlled documents such as forms and checklists
            


Section 6

DOCUMENT CONTROL
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.3)


This Section describes how the laboratory establishes and maintains a process for document management. Procedures for document management include controlling, distributing, reviewing, and accepting modifications. The purpose of document management is to preclude the use of invalid and/or obsolete documents.

Documents can be SOPs, policy statements, specifications, calibration tables, charts, textbooks, posters, notices, memoranda, software, drawings, plans, etc. These may be on various media, whether hard copy or electronic, and they may be digital, analog, photographic or written. 

The laboratory manages three types of documents:  1) controlled, 2) approved, and 3) obsolete. 

A controlled document is one that is uniquely identified, issued, tracked, and kept current as part of the management system. Controlled documents may be internal documents or external documents.

An approved document means it has been reviewed and either signed and dated, or acknowledged in writing or by secure electronic means by the issuing authority (ies).

Obsolete documents are documents that have been superseded by more recent versions or are no longer needed. 


 Controlled Documents

      Documents will be reviewed, revised (as appropriate) and approved for use by the Unit Chemist Specialist prior to issue. Please see SOP 9.20, Adding and Revising Documents and SOP 9.18, SOPs for further guidance.

      Documents are reviewed every 2 years to ensure their contents are suitable and in compliance with the current management systems requirements, and accurately describe current operations.
      
      Approved copies of documents are available to staff at all locations where operations are essential to the effective functions of the laboratory. 
      
      Printed copies of documents to distribute to laboratory personnel are consecutively numbered from 1 to the total number of printed copies. Management determines to whom the documents will be distributed. A distribution list is maintained to show who received hardcopies, and when. When the document is no longer valid, the date the document became obsolete is recorded.
      
      In addition to hard copies, electronic documents in PDF form are available on the lab drive. The electronic copy is updated when a procedure is updated.
      
      Analysts may not retain outdated copies of documents unless it has a note stating, "For Reference Only".
      
      Controlled internal documents are uniquely identified with 1) a unique name or number identification 2) date of issue, 3) revision identification, 4) page number, 5) the total number of pages (or a mark to indicate the end of the document), and 6) the signatures of the issuing authority (i.e. management).
      
      A master list of controlled internal documents  is maintained that includes distribution, location, and revision dates. Documents are reviewed every two years and must be current.

 6.1.1	Document Changes to Controlled Documents

      6.1.1.1	Paper Document Changes

              Document changes are approved by the Chemist Specialist.
              	
              The document management process allows for handwritten modifications to SOPs by the Chemist Specialist. See SOP 9.18, SOPs, for further information.
              
              All document modifications are approved. Changes that are not process modifications but clarifications may be performed without revision. Approval is required. The modified document is then copied and distributed, and obsolete documents are removed according to the master list of controlled documents.
              
              Amendments/modifications to documents are incorporated into a new revision and reissued when the document is reviewed and updated on or before its scheduled review cycle.
              
        
      6.1.1.2	Electronic Document Changes
	
              Suggested revisions to electronic documents are presented to the Chemist Specialist, the QA Chemist Specialist and the Laboratory Director for review and approval. Changes to electronic documents are approved on hardcopy before scanning the documents into the Laboratory Drive. 
              
              Where practical, the altered text or new text in the draft is identified during the revision or review process to provide for easy identification of the modifications. 
        
        
6.2	Obsolete Documents

      All invalid or obsolete documents are removed from general distribution, or otherwise prevented from unintended use. 
      
      Obsolete documents retained for legal use or historical knowledge preservation are appropriately marked and retained. See Appendix N, Records Retention and Disposition Schedule for method and duration of record retention.
      
      All invalid or obsolete documents are removed from general distribution, or otherwise prevented from unintended use. Please refer to SOP 9.20 for procedures on obsolete documents.

Section 7

REVIEW OF REQUESTS, TENDERS AND CONTRACTS
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.4)


The review of all new work assures that oversight is provided so that requirements are clearly defined, the laboratory has adequate resources and capability, and the test method is applicable to the customer's needs. This process assures that all work will be given adequate attention without shortcuts that may compromise data quality. 

Contracts for new work may be formal bids, signed documents, verbal, or electronic. The client's requirements, including the methods to be used, must be clearly defined, documented and understood. Requirements might include target analyte lists, project specific reporting limits (if any), project specific quality control requirements (if any), turnaround time, and requirements for data deliverables. The review must also cover any work that will be subcontracted by the laboratory. 


7.1	Procedure for the Review of Work Requests

      The Laboratory Director determines if the laboratory has the necessary accreditations, resources, including schedule, equipment, deliverables, and personnel to meet the work request. 
      
      The Laboratory Director or Chemist Specialist informs the client of the results of the review if it indicates any potential conflict, deficiency, lack of accreditation, or inability of the lab to the complete the work satisfactorily. 
      
      The client is informed of any deviation from the agreement including the test method or sample handling processes. All differences between the request and the final agreement are resolved and recorded before any work begins. It is necessary that the contract be acceptable to both the laboratory and the client. 
      
      The review process is repeated when there are amendments to the original agreement by the client. The participating personnel are given copies of the amendments. The amendments are maintained.

      The Laboratory Director or designee will review the work request. For routine projects and other simple tasks, a review by the Unit Chemist Specialist is considered adequate. The Unit Chemist Specialist confirms that the laboratory has any required certifications, that it can meet the client's data quality and reporting requirements, and that the lab has the capacity to meet the clients turn around needs.
      
      For new, complex or large projects, the proposed work agreement is given to the
      Laboratory Director. The Laboratory Director will in turn forward the work agreement to the appropriate personnel to evaluate such items as:
       Method capabilities, analyte lists, reporting limits, and quality control limits
       Turnaround time feasibility
       QA/QC issues, including certification/accreditation
       Formal laboratory quote
       Final report formatting and electronic deliverable documents
       Time required to keep samples in house
       Final sample disposal requirements
       Review PT sample results
            
      The Laboratory Director or designee submits the bid and formal quote to the client.

7.2	Documentation of Review

      Records are maintained for every contract or work request, when appropriate. This includes pertinent discussions with a client relating to the client's requirements or the results of the work during the period of execution of the contract. 
      

Section 8

SUBCONTRACTING OF ENVIRONMENTAL TESTS
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.5)


A subcontract laboratory is defined as a laboratory external to this laboratory, or at a different location than the address indicated on the front cover of this manual; that performs analyses for this laboratory. 

When subcontracting analytical services, the laboratory assures that work requiring accreditation is placed with an appropriately accredited laboratory, or one that meets applicable statutory and regulatory requirements for performing the tests.

8.1	Procedure

      The subcontractors go through the Pima County procurement process and are given a 3-5 year contract. 
      
      A copy of the certification and a list of analytes for subcontractors may be maintained as evidence of compliance. A current list of licensed parameters for any Arizona certified lab is accessible on the ADHS website:
      https://app.azdhs.gov/BFS/LABS/ELBIS/ArizonaCertifiedLabs/.
      
      The laboratory notifies the client of the intent to subcontract the work.
      When possible, the laboratory gains the approval of the client to subcontract their work prior to implementation, preferably in writing.
      
      The laboratory performing the subcontracted work is identified in the final report. The laboratory assumes responsibility to the client for the subcontractor's work, except in the case where a client or a regulating authority has specified which subcontractor is to be used.

Section 9

PURCHASING SERVICES AND SUPPLIES
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.6)


The laboratory ensures that purchased supplies and services that affect the quality of environmental tests are of the required or specified quality, by using approved suppliers and products.

The laboratory has procedures for purchasing, receiving, and storage of supplies that affect the quality of environmental tests.


9.1 	Procedure

      The Unit Chemist Specialist or the Lab Director reviews and approves the supplier of services and supplies and approves technical content of purchasing documents prior to ordering.
      
      Evaluation of suppliers is accomplished by ensuring the supplier ships the product or material ordered and that the material is of the appropriate quality by signing packing slips or other supply receipt documents. The purchasing documents contain the data that adequately describes the services and supplies ordered. 
      
      The laboratory keeps a list of approved suppliers.
      
      On Demand Items (Items not on a purchase order):
      Three Bids are taken on each order. Each item requested must meet quality specifications as required in the SOPs. A statement and a signature line are included on the purchase order to indicate that the items requested meet quality specifications (like specific grades mentioned in SOPs).
      
      Bid Items (Items from a multi-year purchase order):
      Purchase Orders are required for similar or repetitive purchases of more than $1,000 during any one fiscal year period or for purchases with an aggregate cost (including freight, tax, etc.) of more than $4,999.99. Purchase Orders may either be Department-Only or County wide.
      
      All Bid orders are tracked in Pima Core, the county financial applications program.
      
9.2 	Procedure for Receipt of Supplies
      
      Supplies received are reconciled against the packing list and inspected for damage, distributed to the appropriate individuals, departments or storage areas. Supplies received are stored according to manufacturer's instructions, laboratory SOP, or test method specifications.
      
      Bid items are received in Pima Core when they are physically received.
      

Section 10

SERVICE TO THE CLIENT
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.7)


The laboratory collaborates with clients and/or their representatives in clarifying their requests and in monitoring laboratory performance related to their work. Each request is reviewed to determine the nature of the request and the laboratory's ability to comply with the request within the confines of prevailing statutes and/or regulations without risk to the confidentiality of other clients.

     10.1	Client Confidentiality
	
      As a government entity, all records are available to the public. Confidentiality may not be promised or assumed.

10.2	Client Support
	
      Communication with the client, or their representative, is maintained to provide proper instruction and modification for testing. Technical staff is available to discuss any technical questions or concerns the client may have.

      The client, or their representative, may be provided reasonable access to laboratory areas for witnessing testing.  

      Delays or major deviations to the testing are communicated to the client immediately.
      
      The laboratory will provide the client with all requested information pertaining to the analysis of their samples. An additional charge may apply for additional data/information that was not requested prior to the time of sample analysis or previously agreed upon.  





Section 11

COMPLAINTS
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.8)

The purpose of this section is to assure that customer complaints are addressed and corrected. This includes requests to verify results or analytical data.

The Laboratory Director reviews all complaints and determines appropriate action.

PROCEDURE
All customer complaints are documented by the person receiving the complaint and addressed by appropriate personnel. If it is determined that a complaint is without merit,
it is documented, and the client is contacted. If it is determined that the complaint has merit, a corrective action is initiated. See Section 13 for corrective action procedures.

Section 12

CONTROL OF NON-CONFORMING ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING WORK
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.9)


Non-conforming work is work that does not meet acceptance criteria or requirements. Non-conformance can include departures from standard operating procedures or test methods or unacceptable quality control results (see Section 27  -  "Quality Assurance for Environmental Testing). Identification of non-conforming work can come through customer complaints, quality control, instrument calibration, evaluating consumable materials, staff observation, final report review, management reviews and internal and external audits. 


12.1 	Exceptionally Permitting Departures from Documented Policies and Procedures
      
      Requests for departures from laboratory procedures are approved by the Unit Chemist Specialist and documented. Planned departures from procedures or policies do not require audits or investigations.
      
         Note: If a client requests a departure from laboratory procedures, the laboratory does not have to consider that departure as a non-conformance which requires corrective action. However, that non-conformance must be documented as a non-conformance that was approved by management.
         
         Examples of departure may include:
         
         -Insufficient sample volume for a rerun, where holding time has already been exceeded, or where sample data are not affected by the non-conformance.
         
         -The required sample volume was not received, and the customer wants the analysis completed anyway. The departure would be documented and the data would be qualified if necessary. 
      
12.2 	Non-Conforming Work
      
      The lab policy for control of non-conforming work is to identify the non-conformance, determine if it will be permitted, and take appropriate action. All employees have the authority to stop work on samples when any aspect of the process does not conform to laboratory requirements.  
      
      The responsibilities and authorities for the management of non-conforming work are detailed in the text below. The procedure for investigating and taking appropriate corrective actions of non-conforming work are described in Section 14  -  "Corrective Actions". Section 14.3 describes procedures for Technical Corrective Actions. Formal corrective action procedures must be followed for non-conforming work that could reoccur (beyond expected random QC failures) or where there is doubt about the laboratory's adherence to its own policies and procedures.
      
      The investigation and associated corrective actions for non-conforming work involving alleged violations of the company's Ethics and Data Integrity policies must follow the procedures outlined in Section 19  -  "Data Integrity Investigations".   
      
      The laboratory evaluates the significance of the non-conforming work, and takes corrective action immediately. The customer is notified if their data has been impacted. The laboratory allows the release of non-conforming data only with approval by the Laboratory Director and/or the Chemist Specialist on a case-by-case basis. Non-conforming data is clearly identified in the final report (see Section 28  -  "Reporting the Results").  
      
      The discovery of a non-conformance for results that have already been reported to the customer must be immediately evaluated for significance of the non-conformance, its acceptability to the customer, and determination of the appropriate corrective action.
      
      The Unit evaluates the significance of the non-conforming work, and takes corrective action immediately. The client is notified if their data has been impacted. Resumption of work after non-conformance is authorized by the Unit Chemist Specialist.
      Employees immediately notify the appropriate Unit Chemist Specialist of any nonconformance.
      
      The Unit Chemist Specialist and/or the Laboratory Director review the significance of non-conformance and develop a course of action. Customers are notified within one business day if data is questionable.
      
         Corrective action for routine, non-recurring exceedances can be documented on raw data work sheets, logbooks, e-mail, or other documents. More serious corrective actions (non-conforming work that could reoccur or where there is doubt that the laboratory is in compliance with its own policies and procedures) will require a more formal corrective action process that usually includes the use of a corrective action report. 
      
      
12.3	Stop Work Procedures
      
      Personnel notify the appropriate Chemist Specialist of any non-conformance. The Chemist Specialist reviews the significance of the non-conformance and develops a course of action. If data are questionable, the QA Chemist Specialist may be involved in the review and clients are notified.
      
      When an investigation of non-conformance indicates that the cause of the non-conformance requires that a method be restricted or not used until modifications are implemented, the Laboratory Director and Chemist Specialist will immediately notify all personnel of the suspension/restriction. The lab will hold all relevant reports to clients pending review. The QA Chemist Specialist must be involved in the resolution of the issue and must verify that the issue is resolved before work may resume. Personnel are notified by the Chemist Specialist when resumption of work is authorized. The Chemist Specialist and the QA Chemist Specialist will document the issue, root cause and resolution using the corrective action procedures described in Section 14- "Corrective Action."
      The reporting of non-conforming work involving alleged violations of the company's Ethics and Data Integrity polices must be reported to the QA Chemist Specialist. Procedures described in Section 19  -  "Data Integrity Investigations" are followed.
	 


Section 13

IMPROVEMENT
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.10)


Improvement in the overall effectiveness of the laboratory management system is a result of the implementation of the various aspects of the laboratory's management system:  quality policy and objectives (Section 5  -  "Management"); internal auditing practices (Section 17  -  "Internal Audits"); the review and analysis of data (Section 27  -  "Quality Assurance for Environmental Testing"); the corrective action (Section 14  -  "Corrective Action")  and preventive action (Section 15  -  "Preventive Action") process; and the annual management review of the quality management system (Section 18  -  "Management Reviews") where the various aspects of the management/quality system are summarized, and evaluated and plans for improvement are developed.


Section 14

CORRECTIVE ACTION
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.11)


Corrective action is the action taken to eliminate the causes of an existing non-conformity, defect, or other undesirable situation in order to prevent recurrence.

Deficiencies cited in external assessments, internal quality audits, data reviews, customer feedback/complaints, control of nonconforming work or managerial reviews are documented and require corrective action. Corrective actions taken are appropriate for the magnitude of the problem and the degree of risk. 


14.1	General Procedure 
        
        The Unit Chemist Specialist is responsible for initiating corrective action on routine data reviews where a nonconformance is found that could reoccur (beyond expected random QC failures) or where there is doubt about the compliance of the laboratory to its own policies and procedures. The Unit Chemist Specialist is responsible for monitoring and recording the corrective action. 
        
        All deficiencies are investigated and a corrective action plan developed and implemented if determined necessary. The implementation is monitored for effectiveness.
        
        Specific corrective action protocols specified in test methods may override general corrective action procedures specified in this manual.
        


 14.1.1	Cause Analysis

        ROOT CAUSE is the condition or event that, if corrected or eliminated, would
        prevent the recurrence of a deficiency.

        When failures due to systematic errors have been identified, the first step of the corrective action process starts with the initial investigation and determination of root cause(s) of the problem. Records are maintained at Y:\Lab Svcs\_Shared Data\Lab\Corrective Action of nonconformance requiring corrective action to show that the root cause(s) was investigated, and includes the results of the investigation.
        
        Where there may be non-systematic errors and as such the initial cause is readily identifiable or expected random failures (e.g. failed quality control), a formal root cause analysis is not performed and the process begins with selection and implementation of corrective action (also see Section 14.3 "Technical Corrective Actions").

 14.1.2	Selection and Implementation of Corrective Actions 

        Where uncertainty arises regarding the best approach for analysis of the cause of exceedances that require corrective action, appropriate personnel will recommend corrective actions that are appropriate to the magnitude and risk of the problem and that will most likely eliminate the problem and prevent recurrence.
        
        The Unit Chemist Specialist ensures that corrective actions are discharged within the agreed upon time frame.

 14.1.3	Monitoring of Corrective Action

        The Unit Chemist Specialist will monitor implementation and documentation of the corrective action to assure that the corrective actions were effective.
      
        The Unit Chemist Specialist enters corrective Actions into correct file in Y:\LabSvcs\_Shared Data\Lab\Corrective Action. Quality Assurance Personnel or designees will follow-up in four to six weeks to ensure corrective action is effective. If the problem still exists and was not fixed, the process will start again.
        
        
      
 14.2	Additional Audits 

        Where the identification of non-conformances or departures from normal lab procedures cast doubt on the laboratory's compliance with its own policies and procedures, or on its compliance with the TNI Standard, the laboratory ensures that the appropriate areas of activity are audited in accordance with Section 17  -  "Internal Audits" as soon as possible.
        
        In many cases, the additional audits are follow-ups after the corrective action has been implemented to ensure it is effective. These are done when a serious issue or risk to the laboratory have been identified. 
      
      
 14.3	Technical Corrective Action

        Sample data associated with a failed quality control are evaluated for the need to be reanalyzed or qualified. Unacceptable quality control results are documented, and if the evaluation requires cause analysis, the cause and solution are recorded (also see Section 12  -  "Control of Nonconforming Environmental Testing Work"). 
        
      
        Analysts routinely implement corrective actions for data with unacceptable QC measures.  First level correction may include re-analysis without further assessment. If the test method SOP addresses the specific actions to take, they are followed. Otherwise, corrective actions start with assessment of the cause of the problem. 
        
        Corrective actions for non-systematic errors or expected random failures are documented in the raw data. Corrective actions for nonconformance that may reoccur (beyond expected random QC failures) or where there is concern that the laboratory is not in compliance with its own policies and procedures require that a corrective action report be completed (see Section 14.1).
        
        Unit Chemist Specialists review corrective action reports and suggest improvements, alternative approaches, and procedures where needed.
        
        If the data reported are affected adversely by the nonconformance, the affected data is clearly identified in the report and the customer is notified.
        
        The discovery of a non-conformance for results that have already been reported
        to the client must be immediately evaluated for significance of the nonconformance, its acceptability to the client, and determination of the appropriate corrective action.
        



Section 15

PREVENTIVE ACTION
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.12)


Preventive action is a pro-active process to identify opportunities for improvement rather than a reaction to the identification of problems or complaints. 

Preventive action includes, but is not limited to, review of QC data to identify quality
trends, regularly scheduled staff quality meetings, annual budget reviews, annual
managerial reviews, scheduled column trimming, running a new LIMS system in tandem
with the old system to assure at least one working system, and other actions taken to
prevent problems.

When improvement opportunities are identified or if preventive action is required, action plans are developed, implemented and monitored to reduce the likelihood of the occurrence of nonconformities.

Procedures for preventive actions include the initiation of such actions and subsequent monitoring to ensure that they are effective. 

All personnel have the authority to offer suggestions for improvements and to recommend preventive actions, however management is responsible for implementing preventive action.



Section 16

CONTROL OF RECORDS
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.13)


Records are a subset of documents, usually data recordings that include annotations, such as daily refrigerator temperatures posted to a laboratory form, lists, spreadsheets, or analyst notes on a chromatogram. Records may be on any form of media, including electronic and hard copy. Records allow for the historical reconstruction of laboratory activities related to sample-handling and analysis.

The laboratory maintains a record system appropriate to its needs, records all laboratory activities, and complies with applicable standards or regulations as required. Records of original observations and derived data are retained to establish an audit trail. Records help establish factors affecting the uncertainty of the test and enable test repeatability under conditions as close as possible to the original.


16.1	Records Maintained

The laboratory retains all original observations, calculations and derived data, calibration records, and a copy of the test report for ten years. The CRAO lab at the WESC facility will maintain two years on-site and maintain eight years at the Pima County Records Retention Center where data can be retrieved within 24 hours.

Note: Retained records must contain the following information:
 Identity of personnel involved in sampling, sample receipt, preparation, or testing;
 Information related to equipment, test methods, sample receipt, sample preparation, and data verification;
 Record-keeping system that facilitates retrieval of information for verification or  inspection;
 Changes to records are signed or initialed by laboratory staff and include the reason for signature or initials, such as "reviewed by" or "sampled by";
 Records, except those generated by automated systems, are generated directly, promptly, and legibly in permanent ink;
 Entries are not obliterated by methods such as erasures, over-writings, or markings. All changes are made by one line marked through the entry with the entry signed or initialed and dated by the individual making the change;
 Changes to electronic records are tracked through the data system audit tracking system or by notations made in the electronic system.

Records of all procedures to which a sample is subjected while in the possession of the laboratory are kept.
        
        
16.2	Records Management and Storage

Records, including electronic records, are easy to retrieve, legible, and protected from deterioration or damage; held secure and in confidence; and are available to accrediting authorities for a minimum of ten years.

All electronic records are backed-up weekly by Information Technology.  Access to protected records is limited to laboratory management or their designees to prevent unauthorized access or amendment.

Identification: Records are uniquely identified.

Collection: Observations, data and calculations are recorded at the time they are made. When mistakes are made in technical records, each mistake is crossed out with a single line (not erased, made illegible, or deleted) and the correct value entered alongside. Corrections are signed or initialed by the person making the correction. For electronic systems, all changes are tracked by the audit trail or by added notes. When changes are made to technical records for reasons other than for correction of transcription errors, the reason for the change is recorded on the document.

Storage: All records stored on electronic media are supported by the hardware and software required for retrieval and have hard-copy or write-protected backup copies.

Filing: Records are filed promptly and in an organized fashion.

Disposal: Records are disposed of according to applicable regulation, client request, or after ten years.

	 
 16.3	Legal Chain of Custody Records
      
Evidentiary sample data are used as legal evidence. The CRAO lab processes all compliance samples submitted into the laboratory or contracted to another lab with an official Chain of Custody to maintain the transfer as uncompromised.


Section 17

AUDITS
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.14)


Audits measure laboratory performance and verify compliance with accreditation/ certification and project requirements. Audits specifically provide management with an on-going assessment of the management system. They are also instrumental in identifying areas where improvement in the management/quality system will increase the reliability of data. Audits are of four main types: internal, external, performance, and system. Section 17.5 discusses the handling of audit findings. 


17.1	Internal Audits
        	
        The laboratory conducts internal audits of its quality systems activities, including data integrity, and the use of trained and qualified personnel at least annually. Personnel may not audit their own activities except when it can be demonstrated that an effective audit will be carried out.
        
        It is the responsibility of the Quality Manager to plan and organize audits as required by the schedule and requested by management. These audits are carried out by trained and qualified personnel who are, wherever resources permit, independent of the activity to be audited.
        
        
        In addition to the scheduled internal audits, it may sometimes be necessary to conduct special audits as a follow-up to corrective actions, PT results, complaints, regulatory audits or alleged data integrity issues. These audits address specific issues. 
        
        The area audited, the audit findings, and corrective actions are recorded. Audits are reviewed after completion to assure that corrective actions were implemented and effective. 
        


17.2	External Audits
         
        It is the laboratory's policy to cooperate and assist with all external audits, whether performed by clients or an accrediting body. Management ensures that all areas of the laboratory are accessible to auditors as applicable and that appropriate personnel are available to assist in conducting the audit.
        

17.2.1	Confidential Business Information (CBI) Considerations 
        
	As a government entity, all records are available to the public. Confidentiality may not be promised or assumed.
        
17.3	Performance Audits
        
        The laboratory defines holding time for PT or QC samples as beginning when the vial is opened. The date, time, and initials when the vial is opened is recorded in Element in the Standards and Reagent Module.
        
        Performance audits may be Proficiency Test Samples, internal single-blind samples, double-blind samples through a provider or client, or anything that tests the performance of the analyst and method.
        
        Proficiency Test Samples are discussed in Section 27  -  "Quality Assurance for Environmental Testing" and in SOP 9.6, Distribution of Performance Evaluation Samples.
        
        
17.4	System Audits  
        
        The Laboratory's management system is audited though annual management reviews.  Refer to Section 18  -  "Management Reviews" for further discussion of management reviews. 
        
        
17.5	Handling Audit Findings
        Internal or external audit findings are responded to within the time frame agreed to at the time of the audit. The response may include action plans that could not be completed within the response time frame. A completion date is established by management for each action item and included in the response.
        
        The responsibility for developing and implementing corrective actions to findings is the responsibility of the Unit Chemical Specialist. Corrective actions are documented through the corrective action process described in Section 14  -  "Corrective Actions". 
        Audit findings that cast doubt on the effectiveness of the laboratory operation to produce data of known and documented quality or that question the correctness or validity of sample results must be investigated. Corrective action procedures described in Section 14  -  "Corrective Action" must be followed. Clients must be notified in writing if the investigation shows the laboratory results have been negatively affected and the clients requirements have not been met. The client must be notified within 60 days after the laboratory discovers the issue. Laboratory management will ensure that this notification is carried out within the specified time frame. 
        
        All investigations that result in findings of inappropriate activity are documented and include any disciplinary actions involved, corrective actions taken, and all appropriate notifications of clients. See Section 19 (Data Integrity Investigation) for additional procedures for handling inappropriate activity.  

Section 18

MANAGEMENT REVIEWS
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.15)


Top management reviews the management system during the management meetings held by the Laboratory Director and maintains records of review findings and actions. 


18.1	Management Review Topics

        The following are reviewed to ensure their suitability and effectiveness: 

 the suitability of policies and procedures;
 reports from managerial and supervisory personnel;
 the outcome of recent internal audits;
 corrective and preventive actions;
 assessments by external bodies;
 the results of interlaboratory comparisons or proficiency tests;
 changes in the volume and type of the work;
 customer feedback;
 complaints;
 recommendations for improvement;
 other relevant factors, such as quality control activities, resources, and staff training.


18.2	Procedure
        
        Findings and follow-up actions from management reviews are recorded. Management will determine appropriate completion dates for action items and ensure they are completed within the agreed upon time frame. 

Section 19

DATA INTEGRITY INVESTIGATIONS
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 4.16)


In addition to covering data integrity investigations, this Section covers all topics related to ethics and data integrity policies, procedures and training. 

The RWRD CRAO Lab is committed to ensuring the integrity of its data and providing valid data of known and documented quality to its clients. The elements in the RWRD CRAO Lab's Ethics and Data Integrity program include: 

 Documented data integrity procedures signed and dated by top management.
 An Ethics and Data Integrity Policy signed by all management and staff annually. (see Appendix A). This policy is dated and distributed by the Laboratory Director.
 Annual data integrity training.
 Procedures for confidential reporting of alleged data integrity issues.
 An audit program that monitors data integrity (see Section 17  -  "Audits") and procedures for handling data integrity investigations and client notifications. 

19.1	Ethics and Data Integrity Procedures

        The Ethics and Data Integrity Policy provides an over view of the program. Written procedures that are considered part of the Ethics and Data Integrity program include: 
        
 Ethics and Data Integrity Policy (see Appendix A)
 Corrective action procedures (Section 14 of this QM)
 Annual Data Integrity training procedures
        
        Management reviews data integrity procedures yearly and updates these procedures as needed. 


19.2 	Training

        Data integrity training is provided as a formal part of new employee orientation and a refresher is given annually for all employees. Employees are required to understand that any infractions of the laboratory data integrity procedures shall result in a detailed investigation that could lead to very serious consequences including immediate termination, debarment or civil/criminal prosecution. This is discussed in the Ethics and Data Integrity Policy that every employee is required to sign annually. Attendance for required training is monitored through a signature attendance sheet.
        
        An agenda is provided to each trainee prior to the training class. Data integrity training emphasizes the importance of proper written narration on the part of the analyst with respect to those cases where analytical data may be useful, but are in one sense or another partially deficient. The following topics and activities are covered:
  
             organizational mission and its relationship to the critical need for honesty and full disclosure in all analytical reporting;
             how and when to report data integrity issues;
             record keeping; 
             training, including discussion regarding all data integrity procedures;
             data integrity training documentation; 
             in-depth data monitoring and data integrity procedure documentation; and
             specific examples of breaches of ethical behavior such as improper data manipulations, adjustments of instrument time clocks, and inappropriate changes in concentrations of standards. 

  
        
        Topics covered are provided in writing and provided to all trainees.
        
19.3	Confidential Reporting of Ethics and Data Integrity Issues

        Confidential reporting of data integrity issues may be reported through the CRAO Manager. 

19.4	Investigations

        All investigations resulting from data integrity issues are conducted confidentially. They are documented and notifications are made to clients who received any negatively affected data that did not meet the client's data quality requirements. 

Section 20

PERSONNEL
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 5.2)


Pima County RWRD employs competent personnel based on education, training, experience and demonstrated skills as required. The laboratory's organization chart can be found in Appendix B. 


20.1	Overview

        All personnel are responsible for complying with all quality and data integrity policies and procedures that are relevant to their area of responsibility. 
        
        All personnel who are involved in activities related to sample analysis, evaluation of results or who sign test reports, must demonstrate competence in their area of responsibility. Appropriate supervision is given to any personnel in training and the trainer is accountable for the quality of the trainees work. Personnel are qualified to perform the tasks they are responsible for based on education, training, experience and demonstrated skills as required for their area of responsibility. 
        
        Training needs are identified at the time of employment and when personnel are moved to a new position or new responsibilities are added to their job responsibilities. Ongoing training, as needed, is also provided to personnel in their current jobs. The effectiveness of the training must be evaluated before the training is considered complete.
        

20.2	Job Descriptions
        
        Descriptions of Management positions are in Section 5.
        20.2.1  WW Laboratory Chemist:
        The Chemist has the responsibility to perform chemical and microbiological
        testing of samples using ADHS Licensed methods for reporting compliance data.
        The Chemist responsibilities include keeping the supervisor informed. Chemists
        must annually read and follow all SOPs relevant to the testing they perform.
        They report to the Chemist Specialist for any problems or concerns. They must
        conduct testing in accordance with the Lab Ethics Policy. Chemists may perform
        internal audits, provide training, calibrate thermometers, and write reports as
        needed.
        
        
        
        Chemists may stop an analysis, which is not adhering to QA guidelines for that
        method or the client's requirements. Chemist must then immediately inform their
        Supervisor, QAO, and/or Laboratory Director as appropriate. Chemists report to
        the Chemist Specialist in the unit they are assigned.
        
        20.2.2 WW Laboratory Technician:
        
        The Technician has the responsibility to perform chemical and microbiological
        testing, under moderate supervision, samples in the field or brought to the
        laboratory using ADHS Licensed methods for reporting compliance data.
        Technicians may stop an analysis, which is not adhering to QA guidelines for that
        method or the client's requirements. Technicians must then immediately inform
        their Supervisor, QAO, and/or Laboratory Director as appropriate. Technicians
        report to the Chemist Specialist in the unit they are assigned.
        
      
20.3	Training

        All personnel are appropriately trained and competent in their assigned tasks before they contribute to functions that can affect data quality. It is management's responsibility to assure personnel are trained. Training records are used to document management's approval of personnel competency. The date on which authorization and/or competence is confirmed is included.
        
        
        
        Training records are maintained by the Quality Assurance Unit and include classes attended, initial demonstration of capability, ongoing demonstration of capability, prior training and experience, and Performance Evaluations.
      
      
      
20.3.1	Training for New Staff
      
        New staff members are given the following training: 
 Ethics & Data Integrity Training
 SDS Hazardous Communication Standard
 A review of safety equipment and a tour of the building
 Evacuation assembly sites
 Reading the Chemical Hygiene Plan and the Quality Manual
 Occupational Exposure to Chemicals
 Chain of Custody Training
        
        
        Attendance at training sessions is documented on signature sheets. The initial training for a new task contains the following steps:
 All documentation involved with a new and unfamiliar task is read and understood by the trainee.
 Training is under the direct supervision of a qualified senior analyst. 
 During the time the analyst is training, the trainee may sign laboratory notebooks or logbooks, but laboratory notebooks must be cosigned by the senior analyst, who is responsible for the data generated.
 The trainee demonstrates competency in the new task before they can operate independently. 
 The competency for a test method is accomplished by a demonstration of capability. 
 Approval of competency is noted by the initials or signature of the qualified senior analyst on the training form.
 Each step of the training process is documented.
         
         
20.3.2	Ongoing Training
      
        Staff members are given the following ongoing training: 
 Monthly and Annual Safety Training
 Annual Ethics and Data Integrity Training
 When a hazard changes or when a new chemical is introduced that is hazardous, training is provided as necessary.
 Annual awareness certification of the Chemical Hygiene, the Quality Manual, and pertinent Standard Operating Procedures.
 The analyst attests, through signature that they have read, understood, and agreed to perform the latest version of the Quality Manual and any method SOP's of the analyses that the analyst performs. 
 Annually, the analyst shows continued proficiency in each method they perform. 
 Other training as determined by management.
 Proof of acceptable on-going training is documented by the annual demonstrations of capability for each analyst and each method.
        


Section 21

ACCOMODATIONS AND ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 5.3)


21.1	Environmental

        The laboratory facility is designed and organized to facilitate testing of environmental samples. The CRAO building has a BMS (Building Maintenance System) Software that can be controlled electronically to monitor and adjust exhaust supply and temperature remotely. Alarm systems are set up and monitored 24 hours a day by Pima County Facilities Management Central Plant staff. Environmental conditions are monitored to ensure that conditions do not invalidate results or adversely affect the required quality of any measurement. Such environmental conditions include voltage, temperature, and light.
        
        
           Note:  If your laboratory has a back-up power supply, insert this information here. 
        If the laboratory environment is required to be controlled by a method or regulation, the adherence is recorded. Examples include TCLP extractions, BOD incubators, and refrigerators. 
        
        Environmental tests are stopped when the environmental conditions jeopardize the results. 


21.2	Work Areas

        Work areas may include access and entryways to the laboratory, sample receipt area, sample storage area, sample process area, instrumental analysis area, chemical and waste storage area and data handling and storage area. 
        
        
        Access to, and use of, areas affecting the quality of the environmental tests is controlled by restriction of areas to authorized personnel only. See Section 21.4 below.
        
        
        The laboratory work spaces are adequate for their use, and appropriately clean to support environmental testing and ensure an unencumbered work area.
        
        Laboratory space is arranged to minimize cross-contamination between incompatible areas of the laboratory. The volatile organic laboratory has a unique sample refrigerator and analysis lab. Volatile standards are stored separately from samples. Coliforms have their own room as well and biological sterility is monitored using air density plates according to the SOPs for bacteriological test methods. Counters are disinfected before and after use.


21.3	Floor Plan

	The CRAO Laboratory floor plan can be found in Appendix C.


21.4	Building Security

The laboratory is kept secure during off hours with electronic locks. Staff are assigned a magnetic security card to access areas they are authorized by the Management.
A Visitor's Logbook is maintained for every visitor to sign in and out. Visitors must be accompanied by laboratory personnel when in secure areas. 
        
Locks are used to designate secure areas.
        



Section 22

ENVIRONMENTAL METHODS AND METHOD VALIDATION 
             (TNI V1:M2  -  Section 5.4 and Sections 1.4, 1.5 and 
                    1.6 of Technical Modules TNI V1:M 3-7)


Methods and/or procedures are available for all activities associated with the analysis of the sample including preparation and testing. For purposes of this Section, "method" refers to both the sample preparation and determinative methods.  SOPs for Methods are listed in Appendix P.

Before being put into use, a test method is confirmed by a demonstration of capability or method validation process.  

All methods are published or documented. Deviations from the methods are allowed only if the deviation is documented, technically justified, authorized by management and accepted by the customer..


22.1	Method Selection

        A reference method is a method issued by an organization generally recognized as competent to do so. (When ISO refers to a standard method, that term is equivalent to reference method.) When a laboratory is required to analyze a parameter by a specified method due to a regulatory requirement, the parameter/method combination is recognized as a reference method.
        
        The laboratory will use methods listed on the ADHS Lab license AZO19.
         
        The laboratory selects methods that are appropriate to the customer needs. When the regulatory authority mandates or promulgates methods for a specific purpose, only those methods will be used.
        
        If a method proposed by a customer is considered to be inappropriate or out-of-date, the customer is informed and the issue resolved before proceeding with analysis of any samples (see Section 7  -  Review of Requests, Tenders and Contracts). 
        
        All communications between the laboratory and the customer are documented.
        
           
22.2	Laboratory-Developed Methods

        If the laboratory develops a method, the process of designing and validating the method is carefully planned and documented. All personnel involved in the method design, development and implementation will be in constant communication during all stages of development.
        


22.3	Method Validation

        Validation is the confirmation, by examination and objective evidence, that the particular requirements for a specific intended use are fulfilled. 
         
        
        At a minimum, reference methods are validated by performing an initial demonstration of capability. Additional requirements are discussed for each technology.
        
        
        All methods that are not reference methods are validated before use. The validation is designed so that the laboratory can demonstrate that the method is appropriate for its intended use. All records (e.g., planning, method procedure, raw data and data analysis) shall be retained while the method is in use. 
        Demonstration of Capability procedures can be found in SOP 9.36.
        
22.4	Estimation of Analytical Uncertainty

        Estimation Of Uncertainty consists of the sum (combining the components) of the uncertainties of the numerous steps of the analytical process, including, but not limited to, sample plan variability, spatial and temporal sample variation, sample heterogeneity, calibration/calibration check variability, extraction variability, and weighing variability. This is complied with through the use of Laboratory Fortified Blanks or Laboratory Control Samples, where applicable.
        

22.4	Control of Data

        To ensure that data are protected from inadvertent changes or unintentional destruction, the laboratory uses procedures to check calculations and data transfers (both manual and automated).
        

22.4.1	Computer and Electronic Data Requirements

        The laboratory assures that computers, user-developed computer software, automated equipment, or microprocessors used for the acquisition, processing, recording, reporting, storage, or retrieval of environmental test data are:

            Documented in sufficient detail and validated as being adequate for use;
            
            Protected for integrity and confidentiality of data entry or collection, data storage, data transmission and data processing; 
           
            Maintained to ensure proper functioning and are provided with the environmental and operating conditions necessary to maintain the integrity of environmental test data; and 
           
            Held secure including the prevention of unauthorized access to, and the unauthorized amendment of, computer records. Data archive security is addressed in Section 16  -  "Control of Records" and building security is addressed in Section 21- "Accommodations and Environmental Conditions". 
        
        
        
        The laboratory uses Element(R) and spreadsheets to calculate final results from the raw data. Before reporting any results derived from these programs, the laboratory shall validate the underlying calculations by manual verification by the unit chemist specialist or designee.
      
           Example:
           The laboratory uses spreadsheets to reduce raw data to final results for <insert test method>. To ensure that the worksheet formulae are correct, the laboratory tests each set of cells used for input of the data as well all cells used for calculations by comparing the results of the spread sheet with manually calculated data. The results of this verification are noted <Where?>. Periodically, but at least annually, at least 5% of the calculated results are verified by comparing the spreadsheet result with the manually calculated value. The results of the continuing verifications are noted <Where?>.
           If any changes are made to the spreadsheet program, the laboratory revalidates the entire system before reporting results.
           In addition, the algorithms all spreadsheet calculations or other programs that are used to reduce raw data to a reported value will be verified upon first use and <daily, monthly, annually> thereafter to ensure that the process produces accurate results.
           Data from all electronic media are backed up <every six hours, daily, weekly...> to ensure that data are not lost. The backed up copies are stored <Where?>.
        After the spreadsheet is validated, the calculations are protected from inadvertent manipulations. 
        
        All electronic data is backed up nightly by the IT department of Pima County and stored at a secure offsite facility.
        
22.4.2	Data Reduction

        The analyst calculates final results from raw data or appropriate computer programs provide the results in a reportable format. The test methods provide required concentration units, calculation formulas and any other information required to obtain final analytical results. 
        
        The laboratory has manual integration procedures that must be followed when integrating peaks during data reduction. See individual method SOPs for further discussion.
        
        All raw data must be retained in the lab drive and it is maintained as described in Section 16  -  "Control of Records".

22.4.3	Data Review Procedures

        Data review procedures are located in Section 23.4  -  "Data Review".



Section 23

CALIBRATION REQUIREMENTS
(TNI V1:M2  -  Sect 5.5 and Section 1.7 of 
Technical Modules TNI V1:M 3-7)


23.1	General Equipment Requirements
	
        The laboratory provides all the necessary equipment required for the correct performance of the scope of environmental testing performed by the laboratory. 
        
        
        Calibration training is mandatory when training on a new method.
        	
        
        All equipment and software used for testing and sampling are capable of achieving the accuracy required for complying with the specifications of the environmental test methods as specified in the laboratory SOPs. 
        
        
        Equipment is operated only by authorized and trained personnel (see Section 20  -  "Personnel").
        	
        
        The laboratory has procedures for the use, maintenance, handling and storage of equipment and they are readily available to laboratory personnel. Manuals provided by the manufacturer of the equipment provide information on use, maintenance, handling and storage of the equipment and are filed in each corresponding unit. Preventative maintenance schedules are included in each SOP, as necessary. These procedures ensure proper functioning of the equipment and prevent contamination or deterioration.  
        
        
        All equipment is calibrated or verified before being placed in use to ensure that it meets laboratory specifications and relevant standard specifications. Performance verification includes DOC's, MDLs, initial calibration of instruments and calibration verification recoveries.  Please refer to the Individual method SOPs for instrument tuning.  All MDL data and initial instrument performance checks are kept within the respective unit files.
        
        
        Test equipment, including hardware and software, are safeguarded from adjustments that would invalidate the test result measurements by limiting access to the equipment and using password protection where possible (see Section 22.5  -  "Control of Data"). 
        
        
        Equipment that has been subject to overloading, mishandling, given suspect results, or  shown to be defective or outside specifications is taken out of service.  The equipment is isolated to prevent its use or clearly labeled as being out of service until it has been shown to function properly. If it is shown that previous tests are affected, then procedures for nonconforming work are followed and results are documented (see Section 12  -  "Control of Nonconforming Environmental Testing Work" and Section 14  -  "Corrective Action").
        	
        
        When equipment is needed for a test that is outside of permanent control of the laboratory, the lab ensures the equipment meets the requirements of this manual prior to its use by inspecting or otherwise testing it.
        
        Each item of equipment and software used for testing and significant to the results is uniquely identified. Records of equipment and software are maintained. This information includes the following:
      
            identity of the equipment and its software;
            manufacturer's name, type identification, serial number or other unique identifier;
            checks that equipment complies with specifications of applicable tests;
            current location;
            manufacturer's instructions, if available, or a reference to their location;
            dates, results and copies of reports and certificates of all calibrations, adjustments, acceptance criteria, and the due date of next calibration;
            maintenance plan where appropriate, and maintenance carried out to date; documentation on all routine and non-routine maintenance activities and reference material verifications;
            any damage, malfunction, modification or repair to the equipment; 
           Please see Appendices F-J for a list of Laboratory Equipment.


 23.2	Support Equipment

        Support Equipment includes, but is not limited to: balances, ovens, refrigerators, freezers, incubators, water baths, temperature measuring devices, volumetric dispensing devices, and thermal/pressure sample preparation devices. 
        
        
        All support equipment is maintained in proper working order.  Records are kept for all repair and maintenance activities, including service calls. 
        
        All raw data records are retained to document equipment performance. These records include logbooks, data sheets, or equipment computer files.
  23.2.1	Support Equipment Maintenance

        Fume Hoods are tested monthly.
        
        Balances are checked monthly with calibrated weights. A professional balance maintenance company performs preventative maintenance and calibration of balances annually.
        
        Maintenance on other support equipment, such as ovens, refrigerators, and thermometers is conducted on an as needed basis.
         
        
        Records of maintenance to support equipment are documented in Instrument Maintenance Logs. Each piece of support equipment does not necessarily have its own logbook but must be documented. Maintenance logbooks may be shared with equipment that is housed in the same laboratory area.
     Table 23-1  Summary of Support Equipment Calibration And Maintenance
                                  Instrument
                                   Activity
                                   Frequency
                                 Documentation
Balance
1. Clean.
2. Check alignment.
3. Check with working
    weight.
4. Check with reference 
    weights.
5. Service Contract.
1. Before use.
2. Before use.
3. Before use.

4. Monthly.

5. Annually.
Worksheet/log book
Post annual service date on balance; see SOP 9.9.1.
ASTM Class 1Weights
1.	Only use for the intended purpose.
2.	Use plastic forceps to handle.
3.	Keep in case.
4.	Re-calibrate.
4. Annually.
Keep NVLAP accredited lab certificate; see SOP 9.9.1.
Working Standard Weights
Used to check balances before their use daily.
Every 6 months check against calibrated weights.
Worksheet / logbook See SOP 9.9.1.
NIST Traceable 
Thermometer
Accuracy determined by accredited weights and measurement laboratory.
Annually.
Keep certificate from A2LA accredited lab; see SOP 9.25.
Thermometers:
1.	Glass and RTD 
2.	Dial thermometers
3.  IR thermometer
Check at the temperature used, against a reference NIST certified thermometer. 
1.	Annually for glass and RTD; semi-annually for Coliform thermometers.
2-3.Quarterly for 
     dial and IR  thermometers.
Calibration factor and date of calibration on thermometer and worksheet/log book; see SOP 9.25.
pH meters
Calibration:
1.	pH buffer aliquots are used only once.
2.	Buffers used for calibration will bracket the pH of the media, reagent, or sample tested.
3. Second source calibration verification.
Daily Before use.
Worksheet/log book; see SOP 6.16.
pH probe
1. Maintenance:  Use 
    manufacturer's 
    specifications.
2. Check probe for cracks,  
    scratches, and fluid 
    levels.
1. As needed.


2. Before use.
Worksheet/log book; see SOP 6.16.



Automatic or digital type pipettes
Calibrate for accuracy and precision using reagent water and analytical Balance.
Quarterly.
Before use, if
used for 1
Standards.
Worksheet/logbook; see SOP 9.14.
Refrigerators, Freezers, and BOD incubators
1.	Thermometers are immersed in liquid to the appropriate immersion line.
2.	The thermometers are graduated in increments of 1C or less.
Temperatures are recorded each day in use.
Correction factor. Worksheet/log book.


See SOP 9.25 & 9.30.
Drying Ovens
Digital Platinum RTD thermometer probes are placed inside the oven in sand with a minimum one inch depth.
Temperatures are recorded each day in use.
Worksheet/logbook.
550+-50°C Furnace
Keep top vents clear and keep outside of unit clean.
Temperatures are recorded each day in use.
Worksheet/logbook
Autoclave
1.	Use a calibrated continuous recording device.
2.	Use spore strips or ampoules.
3.	In house maintenance of autoclave or service contract.
1.	Weekly.
2.	One sterilizing cycle per month.
3. Quarterly PM performed by service contract personnel.
Worksheet/log book.
Evaporation steam tables
1. Keep water level above heating elements.
2. Use DI water.
3. Re-fill to capacity.

Daily.
N/A.
Microbiological incubators, refrigerators and water baths 
1.	Total immersion glass thermometers in incubators and refrigerators are graduated at 0.5C.
2. RTD thermometer is graduated at 0.1C for the 44.5C water bath.
3. Partial Immersion Glass thermometer graduated at 0.1C for the 44.5C incubator.
Temperature of incubators and water baths will be recorded twice a day for each day in use with readings taken in the morning and the afternoon; Refrigerator temperature recorded daily.
Worksheet/log book.
DO meter
Calibrate as specified in SOP 6.36.
Before use.
Worksheet/log book.
DO probe
Maintenance as specified by manufacturer; See SOP 6.36.
As needed.
Worksheet/ log book.

23.2.2	Support Equipment Calibration
      
        
        All support equipment is calibrated or verified according the SOP (see Table 23-2) using NIST traceable references where available. The results of the calibration of support equipment is within specifications or (1) the equipment is removed from service until repaired, or (2) records are maintained of correction factors to correct all measurements. If correction factors are used this information is clearly marked on or near the equipment. 
        
        Support equipment such as balances, ovens, refrigerators, freezers, and water baths are verified with a NIST traceable reference, each day prior to use, to ensure operation is within the expected range for the application for which the equipment is to be used. 
        
        Volumetric dispensing devices (except Class A glassware and Glass microliter syringes) are checked for accuracy as per SOP 9.14.
        
        For microbiology analyses records for autoclaves used in the laboratory are required for the following:
      
            temperature demonstration of  sterilization continuous monitoring device or maximum registering temperature;
            for every cycle, record date, contents, maximum temperature reached, time in sterilization mode, total run time, and analysts initials;
            quarterly check of autoclave timing device against a NIST traceable stopwatch; 
            quarterly preventative maintenance check by manufacturer.

      Table 23-2    Calibration Acceptance Criteria for Support Equipment
                                   Equipment
                   Type of Calibration/ Number of Standards
                                   Frequency
                              Acceptance Limits 
                               Corrective Action
Analytical Balance

Accuracy determined using ISO 17025 accredited NIST weights.
Minimum of 2 standards bracketing the weight of interest.
Inspected and calibrated by A2LA accredited person annually.  A second annual inspection and calibration by same firm.
Monthly.


+- 0.2%
Clean, check level, insure lack of drafts, and that unit is warmed up, recheck.  If fails, call service.
Liquid-in-Glass Thermometer
Against NIST-traceable thermometer.
Annually at appropriate temperature range for intended use; semi-annually for use in coliform testing.
+- 1.0C
Replace
Autoclave Temperature Data Logger
Against NIST-traceable thermometer.
Yearly
+- 1.0C
Replace
InfraRed Temperature Guns
Against NIST-traceable thermometer.
Quarterly at appropriate temperature range for intended use.
+- 1.0C
Repair/replace
RTD Thermometers
Against NIST-traceable thermometer.
Annually at the appropriate temperature range; semi-annually for coliform testing.
+- 1.0C
Repair/ replace.
Volumetric Dispensing Devices
(Eppendorf (R) pipette, automatic dilutor or dispensing devices)

One delivery by weight.
Using DI water, dispense into tared vessel.  Record weight with device. ID number.
Quarterly
+- 2%
Calculate accuracy by using Mettler-Toledo Calibry(TM) software.
Adjust. Replace.
pH probe
Three point calibration with pH 4.00, 7.00, and 10.00 S.U. buffers and a second source pH 6.00 buffer.
Before each use.
Manufacturer's slope settings; second source +- 0.1 S.U. 
Repair/replace.


 23.3	Analytical Equipment

 23.3.1	Maintenance for Analytical Equipment

        All equipment is properly maintained, inspected, and cleaned. 
        
        Maintenance of analytical instruments and other equipment may include regularly scheduled preventive maintenance or maintenance on an as-needed basis.  Instrument malfunction is documented in instrument maintenance logs or raw data. A description of what was done to repair the malfunction and proof of return to control are also documented in the log or the raw data.
		  
	  See individual SOPs for more information.

23.3.2	Instrument Calibration

        Information on instrument calibration can be found in corresponding SOPs.
        
        
           Note:  The calibration section in the Quality Manual can look very different between laboratories. Some laboratories put quite a bit of their general calibration criteria into the Quality Manual and then refer to the Quality Manual when they write their SOPs. They will include a Master Table in an Appendix that they use to summarize calibration and QC criteria for all methods they run and then refer to this table in all method SOPs. 
           Other laboratories put everything into the method SOPs and provide only a general overview in the Quality Manual and refer the reader back to method SOPs for the details. 
        Initial instrument calibration and continuing instrument calibration verification are an important part of ensuring data of known and documented quality. If more stringent calibration requirements are included in a mandated method or by regulation, those calibration requirements will be included in the laboratory SOPs.

Section 24

MEASUREMENT TRACEABILITY
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 5.6)


Measurement quality assurance comes in part from traceability of standards to certified materials. 


All equipment used affecting the quality of test results are calibrated prior to being put into service and on a continuing basis (see Section 23  -  "Calibration Requirements"). These calibrations are traceable to National Standards of Measurement where available.


If traceability of measurements to SI units is not possible or not relevant, evidence for correlation of results through interlaboratory comparisons, proficiency testing, or independent analysis is provided.


 Reference Standards

        Reference standards are standards of the highest quality available at a given location, from which measurements are derived. 

        Reference Standards, such as Class 1 weights traceable to NIST, are used for calibration only and for no other purpose. 
        
        
        Reference standards, such as Class 1 weights traceable to NIST, are calibrated by an entity that can provide traceability to National or International Standards. The following reference standards are sent out to be calibrated to a National Standard as indicated in Section 23  -  "Calibration Requirements". 

            Class 1 weights are sent out for calibration every 12 months.
            NIST traceable reference thermometers are sent out for calibration every 12 months.
            Traceable clocks.


24.2	Reference Materials

        Reference materials are substances that have concentrations that are sufficiently well established to use for calibration or as a frame of reference.

        Reference materials, where commercially available, are traceable to National Standards of Measurement, or to Certified Reference Materials, usually by a Certificate of Analysis. 
        
        	
        Purchased reference materials require a Certificate of Analysis. 
        
        
        Internal reference materials, such as working standards or intermediate stock solutions, are checked as far as is technically and economically practical. See individual SOPs for schedules.


24.3	Transport and Storage of Reference Standards and Materials
	
        The laboratory handles and transports reference standards and materials in a manner that protects the integrity of the materials. Reference standard and material integrity is protected by separation from incompatible materials and/or minimizing exposure to degrading environments or materials. 
        
        
        Reference standards and materials are stored according to manufacturer's recommendations, method SOP requirements and separately from samples. 
      

24.4	Labeling of Reference Standards, Reagents, and Reference Materials 

        The laboratory has procedures for purchase, receipt and storage of standards, reagents and reference materials. Purchase procedures are described in Section 9  -  "Purchasing Services and Supplies".
        
        
        Expiration dates can be extended if the reference standard or material's integrity is verified. The extended date may not be beyond the expiration date of the referenced standards used to re-verify. 
        
        
        Reagent quality is verified by certificate of analysis and routine testing. Reagent certificates of analysis are scanned and kept in the Element Standards and Reagent Module.
      
24.4.1	Stock Standards, Reagents, Reference Materials and Media

        Records in LIMS for all standards, reagents, reference materials, and media include:
        
            the manufacturer/vendor name (or traceability to purchased stocks or neat compounds);
            the manufacturer's Certificate of Analysis or purity (if supplied);
            the date of receipt;
            recommended storage conditions.
      
        See SOP 5.28 for further information.
        
        If the original container does not have an expiration date provided by the manufacturer or vendor it is not required to be labeled with an expiration date. If an expiration date is provided, it must be labeled with the expiration date. 


        In methods where the purity of reagents is not specified, analytical reagent grade is used. If the purity is specified, that is the minimum acceptable grade. Purity is verified and documented according to Section 9  -  "Purchasing Services and Supplies".
        
24.4.2	Prepared Standards, Reagents, Reference Materials and Media

        Records for standards, reagents, reference materials, and media preparation include:
        
            traceability to purchased stock or neat compounds;
            reference to the method of preparation;
            date of preparation;
            an expiration date after which the material shall not be used (unless its reliability is verified by the laboratory);
            preparer's initials (if prepared)


        See SOP 5.28 for more information.
        
        
        All containers of prepared standards, reagents, or materials are labeled with a unique ID and an expiration date. The unique ID is assigned by LIMS. 
      
      
        Prepared reagents are verified to meet the requirements of the test method through internal QC measures. 


Section 25

COLLECTION OF SAMPLES
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 5.7)


The CRAO Laboratory provides sampling services solely for the final effluent daily permit compliance discrete sampling at the Tres Rios and Agua Nueva WRFs. 


For all other sampling, the laboratory's responsibility in the sample collection process lies in supplying the sampler with sample containers, preservatives, sample labels, and custody seals. Sample Receiving will pack, and ship samples to the contract laboratory as needed. 


In addition, RWRD Industrial Waste Control, CRAO Water Quality group, and each WRF Operations group provide sampling services. 


 Sampling Containers
    
        The laboratory offers clean sampling containers for use by clients. See SOP 2.1 for complete details. 

25.1.1	Preparing Container Orders

        Containers (containing any required preservatives) are provided to the client upon request. 
        
        
        Sample bottles are prepared as needed and stored in the sample staging area of the facility. Requests for bottles from remote location clients are processed by QA/QC personnel and delivered via Pima County courier to the client.
        
        25.1.2	Sampling Containers, Preservation Requirements, Holding Times

        Sampling container, preservation and holding time requirements can be found in Appendix O.
        
        If preservation or holding time requirements are not met, the procedures in Section 12  -  "Control of Nonconforming Environmental Testing Work" are followed. 




 Sampling Plan See SOP 6.6
    
25.3	Sampling Records

        When sampled by the CRAO laboratory, the following relevant sampling data are recorded:  the date and time of sampling, the identification of the sampler, the sampling location. Chains of Custody/Analysis Request Forms contain all pertinent information as to the sampling event including, but not limited to the following:  sample location, and corresponding numerical site location, date, time and type of sample, sampler name, submitter name, field data, analysis requests, and custody signatures.  Also included are any special instructions or comments from the sampling event.

Section 26

HANDLING SAMPLES AND TEST ITEMS
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 5.8 and Section 1.7 
of Technical Modules TNI V1:M 3-7)


26.1	Sample Receipt

        When samples are received at the laboratory, Chain-of-Custody is reviewed, condition is documented, and samples are given unique identifiers by logging samples into Element the Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS).
        
26.1.1	Chain of Custody

        Completed Chains of Custody are reviewed. This documentation is completed in the field and provides a written record of the handling of the samples from the time of collection until they are received at the laboratory. Section 25  -  "Collection of Samples" outlines what information is needed on this record. The Chain of Custody form also provides information on what type of testing is being requested and can act as an order for laboratory services in the absence of a formal contract. An example Chain of Custody forms can be found in Figure 26-1 and 26.2. Chain of Custody and any additional records received at the time of sample submission are maintained by the Data Management Unit. In addition to filing all Chain of Custodies, chains are scanned and available in Element.
        
        26.1.1.1	Legal Chain of Custody
                 All samples are treated as if they may be used for legal/evidentiary purposes. Some investigative studies may be considered noncompliance if specifically stated. Custody seals for Drinking Water methods are sent to the analyzing lab. Chain of Custody is maintained from the point of sampling through receipt by the laboratory. Element tracks the samples within the laboratory and a disposal record is provided. 
      

26.2	 Sample Acceptance

        Procedures for opening shipping containers and examining samples are provided in SOP 9.2.1, Receiving Samples.


        The laboratory has a sample acceptance policy provided in 9.2.1, section 7. SOP 9.29, Chain of Custody  emphasizes the need for use of  non-smearing  ink, providing proper documentation (to include sample ID, location, date and time of collection, collector's name, preservation type, sample type and any special remarks about the sample), labeling of sample containers to include a unique sample ID, use of appropriate containers, adherence to holding times, and sample volume requirements. In addition the laboratory has Nonconformance/Corrective Action Procedures, SOPs 9.2.1 & 9.29, to handle samples that don't meet the requirements above or show signs of damage, contamination or inadequate preservation. Data will be appropriately qualified where samples are reported that do not meet sample acceptance requirements.

26.2.1	Preservation Checks

        The following preservation checks are performed and documented upon receipt:
      
        26.2.1.1	Thermal preservation:
        
                     For temperature preservation, the temperature must be from just above freezing to 6C unless the sample is an air filter, grit, soil otherwise stated. 
                     Samples that are delivered to the lab the same day as they are collected are likely not to have reached a fully chilled temperature. This is acceptable if the samples were received on ice and the chilling process has begun. 
                     Record on the receipt form if ice is present and the temperature.
      
      		pH checks:
      
                     The pH of samples requiring acid/base preservation is checked upon sample receipt or upon initiation of analysis.


26.3	Sample Identification
	
        Samples, including subsamples, extracts and digestates, are uniquely identified in a permanent chronological record in Element to prevent mix-up and to document receipt of all sample containers.
        
        
        Samples are assigned sequential numbers that reference more detailed information kept in Element.  
        
        The following information is included in Element:
        
            Client or project name
            Date and time of receipt at lab
            Unique laboratory identification number
            Initials of person making the entries
            List of analyses for that sample
            Pdf of original Chain of Custody

        In addition, the following information is maintained and linked to the log-in record: 
        
            Date and time of sampling linked to the date and time of laboratory receipt.
            Unique field identification linked to the laboratory sample ID
            Analyses requested (including applicable approved method numbers) linked to the laboratory sample ID.
            Comments regarding rejection (if any).
           
        All documentation received regarding the sample, such as memos or chain of custody, are retained with the original chain of custody in Data Management Unit. 
      
26.4	Sample Aliquots / Subsampling
    
        In order for analysis results to be representative of the sample collected in the field, the laboratory has subsampling procedures, see SOP 9.2.3, Sample Pour-Off.


26.5	Sample Storage
      
        Storage conditions are monitored for any required criteria, verified, and the verification recorded in logbooks. 
        
        
        Samples that require thermal preservation are stored under refrigeration that is +/-2°C of the specified preservation temperature unless regulatory or method specific criteria require something different. For samples with a specified storage temperature of 4°C, storage at a temperature above the freezing point of water to 6°C is acceptable.
        
        
        Samples are held secure, as required. Samples are accessible only to laboratory personnel. 
        
        Samples are stored apart from standards, reagents, food or potentially contaminating sources, and such that cross-contamination is minimized. All portions of samples, including extracts, digestates, leachates, or any product of the sample is maintained according to the required conditions.
        

26.6	Sample Disposal

        Daily Plant samples are routinely disposed when the analysis is completed. Other samples are retained until they have expired unless other arrangements have been made with the client.


        Samples are disposed of according to Federal, State and local regulations. 
      
      
26.7	Sample Transport
	   
        Samples that are transported under the responsibility of the laboratory, where necessary, are done so safely and according to storage conditions. This includes moving bottles within the laboratory. 
        
        
        Sample shipping procedures are described in SOP 2.8, Contract Lab Shipping.  

                                  Figure 26-1
                                       
                  Example Chain-of-Custody-Single Sample Site
                                  Figure 26-2
                                       
                Example Chain-of-Custody-Multiple Sample Sites
                                       

Section 27

QUALITY ASSURANCE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL TESTING
(TNI V1:M1, V1:M2  -  Section 5.9 and Section 1.7 
of Technical Modules TNI V1:M 3-7)


Pima County RWRD CRAO Laboratory has procedures for monitoring the validity of the testing it performs. The quality of test results are recorded in such a way that trends are detectable, and where practicable, are statistically evaluated. To evaluate the quality of test results, the laboratory utilizes certified reference materials, second source reference materials, control charting, duplicate analyses, comparison to historical data, analyst demonstration of capability, and correlation of results for different characteristics of a sample.


In addition to procedures for calibration, the laboratory monitors quality control measurements such as blanks, laboratory fortified blanks (LFB), matrix spikes (MS), duplicates, surrogates and internal standards to assess precision and accuracy. Proficiency Testing samples are also analyzed to assess laboratory performance. 


Quality control data are analyzed and, when found to be outside pre-defined criteria, action is taken to correct the problem and to prevent incorrect results from being reported. Data associated with quality control data outside of criteria and still deemed reportable will be qualified so that the end user of the data may make a determination of the usability of the data - see Section 28  -  "Reporting of Results".
      

27.1	Essential Quality Control Procedures
      
        The quality control procedures specified in test methods are followed by laboratory personnel. The most stringent of control procedures is used in cases where multiple controls are offered in the test method, standard operating procedure or the Quality Manual. If it is not clear which is the most stringent, that mandated by test method or regulation is followed.
        
        For test methods that do not provide acceptance criteria for an essential quality control element or where no regulatory criteria exist, acceptance criteria are developed. Criteria for each method is defined in the relevant standard operating procedure. 
        
        Written procedures to monitor routine quality controls including acceptance criteria are located in the test method SOPs and include such procedures as: 

            use of laboratory fortified blanks and blanks to serve as positive and negative controls for chemistry methods;
            use of laboratory fortified blanks to monitor test variability of laboratory results;
            use of calibrations, continuing calibrations, certified reference materials and/or PT samples to monitor accuracy of the test method;
            measures to monitor test method capability, such as limit of detection, limit of quantitation, and/or range of test applicability, such as linearity;
            use of regression analysis, internal/external standards, or statistical analysis to reduce raw data to final results; 
            use of reagents and standards of appropriate quality and use of second source materials as appropriate;
            procedures to ensure the selectivity of the test method for its intended use;
            measures to assure constant and consistent test conditions, such as temperature, barometric pressure, etc., when required by test method;
            use of sterility checks for equipment, media and dilution water for microbiology; and
            use of positive and negative culture controls for new lots in microbiology.
      
27.2	Internal Quality Control Practices
      
        Analytical data generated with QC samples that fall within all prescribed acceptance limits indicate the test method is deemed to be in control.
        
        
        QC samples that fall outside QC limits indicate the test method are deemed to be out of control (nonconforming) and that corrective action is required and/or that the data are qualified (see Section 12  -  "Control of Nonconforming Environmental Testing Work" and Section 14 - "Corrective Actions").
        
        
        Detailed QC procedures and QC limits are included in test method standard operating procedures (SOPs).
        
        
        All QC measures are assessed and evaluated on an on-going basis, so that trends are detected.

27.2.1 	General Controls

        The following general controls are used:

        27.2.1.1	Positive and Negative Controls such as:
        
                     Blanks (negative)
                     Laboratory fortified blank (positive)
                     Sterility checks and control cultures (positive and negative).
        
        27.2.1.2	Selectivity is assured through:
        
                     Relative retention times in Gas chromatography Mass Spectrometry analyses;
                     use of acceptance criteria for mass-spectral tuning (found in test method SOPs);
                     use of the correct method according to its scope assessed during method validation and acceptance by Arizona Department of Health Services;
                     use of reference cultures (positive and negative) from a recognized manufacturer (where applicable).
      
        27.2.1.3	Consistency, Variability, Repeatability, and Accuracy are assured through:
        
                     proper installation and operation of instruments according to manufacturer's recommendations or according to the processes used during method validation;
                     monitoring and controlling environmental conditions (temperature, access, proximity to potential contaminants);
                     selection and use of reagents and standards of appropriate quality; and
                     cleaning glassware appropriate to the level required by the analysis as demonstrated with method blanks. See SOPs 5.1.1.1, 5.1.1.2, and 7.1.
                     for microbiology, glassware care includes use of borosilicate glassware, use of detergents designed for laboratory use, testing each glassware wash batch for alkaline or acid residue with bromothymol blue, and conduct of the Inhibitory Residue test or file a Certificate of Analysis when the detergent is changed, detergent lot is changed or the detergent is expired.
                     following SOPs and documenting any deviation, assessing for impact, and treating data appropriately; 
                     testing to define the variability and/or repeatability of the laboratory results, such as duplicates;
                     use of measures to assure the accuracy of the test method, including calibration and/or continuing calibrations, use of certified reference materials, proficiency test samples, or other measures.
      
      27.2.1.4	Test Method Capability (also see Section 22  -  "Environmental Methods and Method Validation") is assured through:
      
                     establishment of the limit of detection where appropriate;
                     establishment of the limit of quantitation or reporting level; and/or
                     establishment of the range of applicability such as linearity.

      27.2.1.5	Data reduction is assured to be accurate by:
      
                     selection of appropriate formulae to reduce raw data to final results such as regression; 
                     following specific procedures for data reduction such as manual integration procedures;
                     periodic review of data reduction processes to assure applicability;
                     microbiological calculations, data reduction, and statistical interpretations specified by each test method.
                    
      27.2.1.6	Sample Specific controls are used to evaluate the effect of sample matrix on the performance of the selected analytical method (not a measure of laboratory performance):  
      
                 Examples:

                     Matrix Spike and Matrix Spike Duplicate (MS/MSD)
                     Surrogate Spikes
                     Sample Duplicates
      
      27.2.1.7	The following tables summarize the key elements of a quality control system for a laboratory performing chemistry and microbiology testing.
      
         Table  27-1  Essential Quality Control Elements for Chemistry
                                     Item
                                   Frequency
                              Acceptance Criteria
                               Corrective action
Negative Control (Method Blank)
Per method requirement
Method specific or reporting limit
Qualify data and take corrective action
Positive Control
(Laboratory Fortified Blank)
Per method requirement
Method specific or determined by laboratory
Reprocess, reanalyze, or qualify data. 
Matrix Spike; 
Matrix Spike Duplicates

Note : Samples are designed as data quality indicators for a specific sample using the designated method. These controls alone are not used to judge a laboratory's performance.
Per method requirement
Method specific or determined by laboratory
Corrective action and qualify data.
Surrogate spikes

See note above.
Per method requirement
Method specific or determined by laboratory
Corrective action and qualify data.
Matrix Duplicates

See note above.
Per method requirement
Method specific or determined by laboratory
Corrective action and qualify data.
Continuing Calibration Verification
Per method requirement
Method specific or determined by the laboratory
Reanalyze standard immediately; Corrective action.
Initial calibration Verification
Start of each analytical run
Method specific or determined by laboratory
Reanalyze standard immediately; Corrective action. 


Table 27-2  Essential Quality Control Requirements for Microbiology  -  All Methods
                                     Item
                                   Frequency
                              Acceptance Criteria
                             Corrective Action[2]
Sterility check (media)
Each lot of media prior to first use
No growth
Investigate cause.
Sterility check containers
One container (bottle) for each lot prior to each use
No growth
Investigate cause.
Sterility check IDEXX Quanti-trays
One container for each lot prior to each use
No growth
Investigate cause.
Sterility check dilution water
One per lot of sterile water 
No growth
Investigate cause.
Positive control[1]
pure culture of target organisms/ each lot of medium (prior to first use of medium) 
Positive reaction
Investigate cause
If necessary reject the medium.
Negative control[1]
Pure culture of non-target organisms/each lot of medium (prior to first use of medium)
Negative reaction
Investigate cause
If necessary reject the medium
    Microorganisms are single use preparations.
    Corrective Action may include the need to retrain.


                          Table 27-3  Stock Cultures
                                     Item
                                   Frequency
                                   Handling
Reference cultures
Single use
Preserved and handled per mfg. specifications

27.2.2	Specific Controls

        27.2.2.1	Method Blanks
        
                 Method blanks are processed along with and under the same conditions as the associated samples to include all steps in the method. A method blank must be analyzed at a frequency defined in the SOP. When no separate preparation method is used the batch is defined as the environmental samples that are analyzed with the same method and personnel, using the same lots of reagents, not to exceed the analysis of twenty environmental samples, not including method blanks, LFB, matrix spikes and matrix duplicates. The matrix of the method blank must be similar to the associated samples and be free from any analytes of interest. Method blanks are not required for some analyses such as Total and volatile solids, pH, temperature, flashpoint, and conductivity.
        
        
                 Contaminated blanks are identified according to the acceptance limits in the test method SOPs or laboratory documentation.
                 
                 The laboratory identifies a blank as contaminated when analyte results are greater than the MDL or MRL, according to the method. 
                 
                 
                 When a blank is determined to be contaminated, the cause must be investigated and measures taken to minimize or eliminate the problem. Samples affected may be reanalyzed or resampled, as necessary.
                 
                 
                 Data that are unaffected by the blank contamination (non-detects or other analytes) are reported unqualified.
                 
                 
                 Sample data that are suspect due to the presence of a contaminated blank are reanalyzed, qualified, or voided.

      27.2.2.2	Laboratory Fortified Blanks (Blank spike, Laboratory Control Sample)

                 Laboratory Fortified Blanks (LFB) are prepared from analyte free water or other clean matrix, and spiked with verified and known amounts of analytes for the purpose of establishing precision or bias measurements.
                 
                 
                 Laboratory fortified blanks are analyzed at a frequency mandated by method, regulation, or client request, whichever is more stringent. The standard frequency of LFB preparation and analysis is one per analytical batch or as otherwise stated in a laboratory SOP. Exceptions would be for those analytes where no spiking solution is available, such as Residues, pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen. When no separate preparation method is used the batch is defined as the environmental samples that are analyzed with the same method and personnel, using the same lots of reagents, not including method blanks, LFB, matrix spikes and matrix duplicates.
                 
                 
                 The results of laboratory fortified blanks (LFB) are calculated in percent recovery or other appropriate statistical technique that allows comparison to established acceptance criteria. The laboratory documents the calculation in the test method SOP. 
       
      
                 The individual LFB is compared to the acceptance criteria as published in the mandated test method, or where there are no established criteria, the laboratory established limits as described above.
      
	27.2.2.3	Matrix Spikes and Matrix Spike Duplicates

                 Matrix Spikes and Matrix Spike Duplicates (MS/MSD) are environmental samples fortified with a known amount of analyte to help assess the effect of the matrix on method performance. 
                 
                 
                 The laboratory procedure for MS/MSD includes spiking appropriate analytes at appropriate concentrations, calculating percent recoveries and relative percent difference (RPD), and evaluating and reporting the results. The procedure can be found in the method SOP.
                 
                 
                 For MS/MSD results outside established criteria corrective action is documented or the data are reported with appropriate data qualifying codes. 
                 
	27.2.2.4	Surrogate Spikes

                 Surrogate spikes are substances with chemical properties and behaviors similar to the analytes of interest used to assess method performance in individual samples. Surrogates are added to all samples (in test methods where surrogate use is appropriate) prior to sample preparation or extraction.
                 
                 
                 Surrogate recovery results are evaluated for acceptance by determining if the concentration (measured as percent recovery) falls inside the required recovery limits. Upper and lower limits are derived using the average recovery +- 3 standard deviations from the mean. The laboratory must calculate results for all surrogates in samples, blanks, matrix spikes and lab control samples. Control charts are generated through Element.
                 
                 For surrogate results outside established criteria, the following is required: Check for matrix interferences, check calculations, surrogate solutions and internal standards for errors. Check instrument performance. Recalculate the sample data if any of the above checks reveal a problem. Reanalyze the sample if none of the above is a problem. If the problem persists, flag the raw data/final report and submit the sample results with an Arizona Data Qualifier, see SOP 9.4, Guidelines for the Use of AZ Data Qualifiers .

27.3	Proficiency Test Samples or Interlaboratory Comparisons
      
27.3.1	Compliance to Accreditation Requirements

        The laboratory analyzes at least two PT samples per calendar year for each accreditation Fields of Proficiency Testing (FoPT) for which the laboratory is licensed. An exception is made for analytes where there is no PT available from any  approved PT provider at least twice per year. In these cases the lab will run the PTs in the minimum time frame the PTs are available and not at all if they are not available. 
        
        
        The successive PTs are analyzed at least five months apart and no more than 7 months apart unless the PT is being used for corrective action to maintain or reinstate accreditation, in which case the dates of successive PT samples for the same accreditation FoPT is at least fifteen days apart.  PTs for lead air filter analyses requires in an EPA TSP study where 6 filters at two concentrations are analyzed quarterly.
        

27.3.2	PT Sample Handling, Analysis and Reporting

        The laboratory does not share PT samples with other laboratories, does not communicate with other laboratories regarding current PT sample results, and does not attempt to obtain the assigned value of any PT sample from the PT provider.
        
        
        Proficiency Testing (PT) samples are treated as typical samples in the normal production process where possible, including the same analysts, preparation, calibration, quality control and acceptance criteria, sequence of analytical steps, number of replicates, and sample log-in. PT samples are not analyzed multiple times unless routine environmental samples are analyzed multiple times. Where PT samples present special problems in the analysis process, they will be treated as laboratory samples where clients have special requests. 
        
        
        The type, composition, concentration and frequency of quality control samples analyzed with the PT samples are the same as with typical samples.
        
        Prior to the closing date of a study, laboratory personnel do not: 

            Subcontract analysis of a PT sample to another laboratory being run for licensing purposes. 
        
            Knowingly receive and analyze a PT for another laboratory being run for licensing purposes.

            Communicate with an individual from another laboratory concerning the analysis of the PT sample.
        
            Attempt to find out the assigned value of a PT from the PT Provider. 
               
               
        PT samples are reported in Element as normal samples. Once approved the unit supervisor enters the data online with PT provider.
        
        The laboratory institutes corrective action procedures for failed PT samples following the guidelines in Section 14  -  "Corrective Action". 
        
        
        Retention of PT records is similar to that maintained for regular environmental samples. In addition the lab maintains a copy of the online data entry summary when the PT results are submitted online. 


27.4	Data Review
      
        The laboratory reviews all data generated in the laboratory for compliance with method, laboratory and, where appropriate, client requirements.
        
        
        All Chain of Custodies are reviewed for errors by QA with a subsequent review by Data Management.
         
        
        Initially, the analyst reviews data for acceptability of quality control measures and accuracy of the final result(s). The analyst's initials and date are on all raw data as well as in Element. The data is either uploaded or hand entered into Element. All reagent information is entered in Element as well as all QC including but not limited to blanks, blank spikes, LCS, calibrations, matrix spikes, matrix spike duplicates, CCVs and Tunes. If qualifiers are required the analyst enters them in Element. The analyst updates the status to "analyzed" and locks the data when satisfied the data is correctly entered. All Quality Control not meeting limits are automatically flagged red to facilitate detection. 
        
        
        When the data status is locked and analyzed, the chemist specialist or a designated chemist conducts a review. The reviewer considers all manual transfers and calculations of data in detail and reviews raw data and electronic data.
        Final reports are compared to raw data either directly or through several reviewed steps. When the chemist specialist is satisfied, they mark it reviewed in Element This automatically forwards it to the laboratory director.
        
        
        The laboratory director reviews Quality Control results, sample results, dilutions, Tunes, calibrations, qualifiers, and exceedences in Element and marks it reported in Element. 
        
        
        The lab director conducts an additional review of each each final report before signing. Review of data includes sample and analysis dates, holding times, MDLs. MRLS, permit exceedences, correct qualifiers. The status is changed to Reportable.
        
        
        At any step in the process, questions and errors must be resolved before continuing. 
        
        
        DMU issues the unsigned report to the Laboratory Director who reviews the sample data, MDLs and MRLs, correctly formatted qualifiers case narrative before signing.
        
        
        The QA department reviews 10% of final reports before they go to the lab director for signature. QA reviews the COCs are included in the report, sample IDs are verified against the COCs, sample dates and times are verified, holding times are not exceeded, correctly formatted qualifiers case narrative, report comments, exceedences, correct units of measure, contract lab results, correct methods and MDLs and MRLs.


Section 28

REPORTING THE RESULTS 
(TNI V1:M2  -  Section 5.10)


The result of each test performed is reported accurately, clearly, unambiguously, and objectively and complies with all specific instructions contained in the test method. 


Laboratory results are reported in a test report that includes all the information requested by the client and necessary for the interpretation of the test results and all information required by the method used.


Data are reported without qualification if they are greater than the lowest calibration standard, lower than the highest calibration standard, and without compromised sample or method integrity.

28.1	Test Reports

        The report format has been designed to accommodate each type of test performed and to minimize the potential for misunderstanding or misuse. 
        
        
        Each test report generated contains the following information 
        
        a) A title, such as Test Report or Test Results;
        b) The name and address of the laboratory, the location of the laboratory if different from the address, and the phone number and name of a contact person;
        c) Unique identification of the test report, such as a serial number, on each page and a pagination system that ensures that each page is recognized as part of the test report and a clear identification of the end of the report, such as 3 of 10;
        d) The test results, units of measurement, See SOP 9.4, Guidelines for using AZ   Qualifiers. 
        e) The name and address of the client if applicable.
        
        f)	The identification of the test method used;
        
        g)	An unambiguous identification of the sample(s), including the client identification code;
        h) The date of sample receipt when it is critical to the validity and application of the results, date and time of sample collection, dates the tests were performed, the time of sample preparation and analysis if the required holding time for either activity is less than or equal to 72 hours;
        i)	Reference to the sampling plan and procedures used by the laboratory where these are relevant to the validity or application of the results;
         j) The test results with failures identified, units of measurement, an indication of whether results are calculated on a dry weight or wet weight basis;
        k) The name, function, and signature or an equivalent electronic identification of the person authorizing the test report, and the date of issue; 
        l) Certification that the results are in compliance with the EL-VI-2009 TNI Standard if accredited to be in compliance or provide reasons and/or justification if they do not comply.
        m) The ADHS designated License Number AZO159 (WESC Lab).

28.2	Supplemental Test Report Information 

        When necessary for interpretation of the results or when requested by the client, test reports include the following additional information:
       
            Deviations from, additions to, or exclusions from the test method, information on specific test conditions, such as environmental conditions, and any non-standard conditions that may have affected the quality of the results, and any information on the use and definitions of data qualifiers;
            A statement of compliance/non-compliance when requirements of the management system are not met, including identification of test results that did not meet the laboratory and regulatory sample acceptance requirements, such as holding time, preservation, etc.; 
            Where applicable and when requested by the client, a statement on the estimated uncertainty of the measurement; 
            Where appropriate and needed, opinions and interpretations. When opinions and interpretations are included, the basis upon which the opinions and interpretations are documented. Opinions and interpretations are clearly marked as such in the test report.
            Qualification of results with values outside the working range.
            additional information which may be required by specific methods or client; 
      
        In addition to the items above, for test reports that contain the results of sampling, the following is provided when necessary for the interpretation of the results 
       
         the date of sampling; 
         unambiguous identification of the material sampled; 
         the locations of the sampling, including diagrams, sketches, or photographs; 
         a reference to the sampling plan and procedures used; 
         details of any environmental conditions during sampling that may affect the interpretations of the test results; 
         any standard or other specification for the sampling method or procedure, and deviations, additions to or exclusions from the specification concerned. 


28.3	Environmental Testing Obtained from Subcontractors 
      
        Test results obtained from tests performed by subcontractors are clearly identified on the test report by subcontractor name and/or accreditation number.
        
        The subcontractors report their results in writing or electronically. A copy of the subcontractors report is attached to the final report.

28.4	Electronic Transmission of Results 
	
        All test results transmitted by telephone, fax, telex, e-mail, or other electronic means comply with the requirements of the TNI Standard and associated procedures to protect the confidentiality and proprietary rights of the client (see Section 22- "Environmental Methods and Method Validation").

28.4.1	Electronic Data Deliverables
	Upon client request, the reports may be delivered electronically as a pdf or an EDD.	
      
28.5	Amendments to Test Reports 
        Amended test reports are titled, "Revision #" or an equivalent form of wording to assure they can be differentiated from other test reports.
        
        When it is necessary to issue a complete new report, the new report is uniquely identified and contains a reference to the original that it replaces.



Appendix A

Ethics and Data Integrity Policy

All employees in the RWRD CRAO Laboratory shall:
 Perform all job duties with integrity free from bias.
 Hold themselves to the highest standard of conduct in the performance of job duties.
 Ensure their work is free from bias, fabrication or falsification.
 Adhere to the highest ethical conduct.
 Attend annual Ethic and Data Integrity Training.
 Sign a pledge annually to uphold this policy.
      
Pima County RWRD CRAO Laboratory Management shall:
 Provide a workplace that supports quality and high data Integrity free from pressure to falsify or improperly manipulate data.
 Provide annual training which details standards of conduct and punishment for not following the policy.
 Provide a method of reporting unethical practices.
      
                                       	
                                  Appendix B
(The most current chart can be obtained from the Quality Assurance Chemist Specialist or Lab Director.)
                                       
                                                                               
                              Appendix C Lab Map
                                       

                           Appendix D Final Reports
                                       
                                       
                                       



                                       
                   Appendix E Laboratory Licensed Parameters 
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                        
                                       
                                  Appendix F
                            Biomonitoring Inventory
                                       
1067 Whole Effluent Toxicity
SN 1378936
PC#WW000457
Spectrophotometer DR3800
HACH
Biomonitoring Testing
SN75004241
Sorval ST16 Centrifuge 120V/60Hz
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Biomonitoring Testing
SN01017212
Low Temperature Incubator #5
Model #2015
VWR
Biomonitoring Testing
SN160525644B
Laminar Flow Hood, Logic & Biosafety Cabinet Cat302619100
Lab Conco
Biomonitoring Testing
SNC1913-1716-037
Microscope
AMG/EVOS
Biomonitoring Testing
                                       
                                       
                                       
1068 Whole Effluent Toxicity
SN B049095330
Balance, Analytical New Classic
Mettler Toledo
Biomonitoring Testing
B114126746
Balance, Top Loading
Mettler Toledo
Biomonitoring Testing
XL94101029
Conductivity Meter XL30
Accumet
Biomonitoring Testing
SN 11054836K
Dishwasher Flaskscrubber
Labconco
Biomonitoring Testing
SN +8105119H
Dissecting Microscope 
Vista Vision
Biomonitoring Testing
PC48756
Dissecting Microscope
Zeize
Not currently used
Tag 119027
SN 359088-177
DIURNAL GROWTH CHAMBER, TAG 119027, CWW.3RWC13 (Purchased 12/15/11)
Thermo Scientific
Biomonitoring Testing
Tag 119028
SN 359088-176
DIURNAL GROWTH CHAMBER, TAG 119028, CWW.3RWC13(Purchased 12/15/11)
Thermo Scientific
Biomonitoring Testing
SNAB92338092
DO meter AB40
Accumet
Biomonitoring Testing
SYM-510280132-1606
Freezer, Model SCUCFS-0420
Purchase 8/2016
VWR
Biomonitoring Testing
SN01031412
Incubator
VWR
Biomonitoring Testing
SN01017312
Incubator
VWR
Biomonitoring Testing
32977
Ion Selective Electrode Orion 5 Star 
Thermo Sci

8105061H
Microscope
Vision Vista
Biomonitoring Testing
PC71848
Microscope BH2
Olympus
Not currently used
SN 41284491
Oven Heratherm OGS100
Thermo Scientific
Heratherm
Biomonitoring Testing
SN 1231275344
pH meter Seven Easy
Mettler Toledo
Biomonitoring Testing
PC116109
Incubator
Thermo Electron Corp
Biomonitoring Testing
SN1204007
Small Refrigerator/ Freezer Cat 97915-1, 12V, 0.8A
VWR
Biomonitoring Testing
02002304
Waterbath 1213
VWR
Biomonitoring Testing
Room 1141
PC 127067
AL#24766
AQUARIUM & MINNOW HATCHERY/EFFLNT TEST UNIT
Aqua Logic
Biomonitoring Testing
                                       
                                  Appendix G
                              Inorganic Inventory

                         Asset or Serial Number PC Tag
                 Item description (make, model) & Location
                                 Manufacturer
                                    Purpose
ROOM 1063 NUTRIENTS
SN111332090 (Hall Closet)
Chiller
Fisher/Isotemp
Nutrients
SN 070500000450

Flow Injection Analyzer 8500 
W pump (Lachat #3)
Purchased 6/26/07

Lachat 
Nutrients
010797A520
XYZ Auto Sampler
ASX520
Lachat
Nutrients
A2V0652
Block Digester Model # 110-110R
Andrews Glass Co
Midi Distillation Cyanides
A83000-1825
FIA 8000 series
W/ pump Lachat #2
Lachat
Nutrients
SN111100001373
PC#119029
FIA 8500 (w/ pump)
Purchased 11/22/11
Lachat
Nutrients
SN# 110026ASX

XYZ auto sampler
ASX-500
Lachat
Nutrients
SN18104358
Analytical Balance PI225D
Denver Instr.
Weighing
B018030473
Tag 117368
XS205 Balance
(purchased 6/30/10)
Mettler Toledo
Micro Pipette Calibration
B114126748
Balance (top load) XP1202S
Mettler Toledo
Weighing
B102102312
Balance (side load) MS3045
Mettler Toledo
Weighing
SN 1378935
Asset Tag WW000456
DR3800 Spectrophotomer
Hach
Sulfide
0146007301111130
Refrigerator #2
#MR49PA-GAEE-TS
Thermo Sci
Stds and reagents
0168968101111114
Refrigerator #1
Thermo Sci
Stds and reagents
X26927
Orion Star A214 ISE Meter
(purchased ~/2015)
Fisher/Orion 
Fluoride, Ammonia
R070022288B
Pensky Martin Apparatus
(purchased ~1-25-2015)
Pensky/Martin
Ignitability
SN 5060262
SN 82000-127
Pump
Lachat
Back for FIA
Block SN 5146U00713
Controller 5146U00714

TKN Distillation  BD50/BD28 Block Digester 
(purchased ~5/2016) 
Lachat
TKN Distillation
PC-000395
10517021
Ultra-Sonic Cleaner Model 60/H (In metal cabinet below desiccator. Purchased < 2011))
Tovatec ELMA
Backup for  Air Filter Lead
ROOM 1064 TRACE METALS PREP
SN 3F1451522
Heat Exchanger
G1879B (In chase 1064B)
Agilent Tech
ICP Chiller 
SN MD5023
Microwave 
CEM
Metals Digestion
SN MJ5142 
PC# 126894
Mars VI Microwave 
purchased 12/12/14
CEM
Metals Digestion
PC-000455
101517021
Ultra-Sonic Cleaner Model 60/H
S1804
Tovatec ELMA
Air Filter Lead
F6MA04078A
A10 Advantage Water Polisher 
(Received 11-29-17) 
EMD Millipore
Reagent Water
SYM-41 8917-1502
Refrigerator 5.5 ft[3] Model  SCUCB1-0404 Purchased 2015
VWR
Sample Storage
SN1012-110/43079252
Acid Neutralizing System Model # M2000 (In chase 1064B)
BPE (Burt Process Equipment)
Acid Neutralization
ROOM 1065 TRACE METALS 
PC-116922
SN IP0904M028
ICP 725-ES 
w/ Chiller & Autosampler
Purchased 6/30/2009
Varian
Metals
81XN1111702
ICPMS #2 NexION 300
Perkin Elmer
Metals
SN# 1B1191470
Chiller Model 772046
Poly Science
Metals
SN# 31000453140
Vacuum Pump Model SV40 B1
Soge Vacuum
Metals
81XN1111701
ICPMS #1 NexION 300
Perkin Elmer
Metals
SN# 1B1191461
Chiller Model 772046
Poly Science
Metals
SN# 31000453139
Vacuum Pump Model SV40 B1
Soge Vacuum
Metals
22080-57R-1710003
Power Var Universal Power Supply Model ABCDEF 
(purchased ~6/2017)
Power Var
Metals-not currently in use
22080-57R-1710005
Power Var Universal Power Supply Model ABCDEF 
(purchased ~6/2017)
Power Var
Metals-not currently in use
ROOM 1070 LOW LEVEL Hg
                                    SN 1017
Low Level Mercury Analyzer Hydra II AFG W/AS P/N 010-00097-1
Teledyne
LL Mercury
                                     4018
Hydra II AF Detector Module 112-00116-2
Teledyne
LL Mercury
                                       
                                       
                                    SN 1113
                                       
                                    SN 2005
                                       
                                       
Hydra II AF Liquids Module W/AS 112-00121-1, 
Liquids Pump Module 112-00100-1, 
AF Liquid Gas Module 112-00122-1 
Autosampler 122-00190-1
Teledyne
LL Mercury
ROOM 1071 HIGH LEVEL Hg
010-00091-1
4044
112-0094-1 4074
112-00100-1 4048
112-00101-1 4044
122-00190-1
PC Tag 126896
Mercury AA Analyzer Hydra w/ Autosampler Purchased 10/9/14
Teledyne Leeman
Mercury HL
507CEC2123
Heat Block
SC151-35-Well w/enclosure
Environmental Express
Total Phosphorus Mercury Digestion
AGUA NUEVA WRF
PC 126993
919.0020.02620
930.2460.10107
850.9010.34344
944.0010.02128
      
800.0010.26677

807-2ML-00562607
Ion Chromatograph
Autosampler Compact IC Flex Oven/SeS/Deg Column Oven
IC Conductivity Detector
Professional UV/VIS Detector Vario
Dosino drive hardware for dosing units
Dosino Dosing Unit 2 mL 
Install Date 4-13-15 
Metrohm USA Inc. 
Sulfite


                                  Appendix H
                               Organic Inventory
                                     Asset
                             Serial Number PC Tag
                               Item description
                                 (Make, Model)
                                 Manufacturer
                                    Purpose
                              ROOM 1079 VOLATILES
                                  PC# 114968
                                   SN 13274
                       GC CP-3800 (Purchased 10/4/2006)
                                    Varian
                                   Volatiles
                                   PC# 88895
                                   SN 02356
                               MS Saturn 2000 #1
                                    Varian
                                   Volatiles
                                  US06159007
                          Purge And Trap Velocity XPT
                                    Tekmar
                                   Volatiles
                                   VAR12103
                              Autosampler Archon
                                    Varian
                                   Volatiles
                                 SN 020905007
                                  PC WW00257
                             Refrigerator/Freezer
                                  5.5 cu. ft.
                                  Fisher Sci
                                    Marvel
                                   Volatiles
                                   ---------
                             Refrigerator/Freezer
                                  5.5 cu. ft.
                                  Fisher Sci
                                    Marvel
                                   Volatiles
                                    SN 1064
                                       
                           Zero headspace extraction
                              Model # 3740-8-BRE
                   Associated Design & Manufacturing Co.
                                     TCLP
                                   SN 03732
                                   PC 93934
                                GC/MS  CP-3800
                                    Varian
                                   Volatiles
                                    SN 03798
                                  Saturn 2200
                                    Varian
                                   Volatiles
                                 SN US09030001
                                   PC-116913
                   Autosampler, Solatek 72 Model 14-7200-103
                              Purchased 5/21/2009
                                    Tekmar
                                   Volatiles
                                  US09023002
                                   PC-116912
                  Purge And Trap, Stratum Model# 14-9800-1EO
                              Purchased 5-21-2009
                                    Tekmar
                                   Volatiles
                       CN11481003 (GC)  US11493935 (MS)
                                     GC-MS
                                       
                                  Agilent #3
                                   Volatiles
                                  US11344003
              Autosampler/Purge & Trap  (Foam Sensor) Atom X
                                Teledyne Leeman
                                   Volatiles
                                 SN5S1341T8405
                   Uninterrupted Power Supply Model SURT003
                                    APC Co
                                   Volatiles
                      ROOM 1082 SAMPLE PREP, EXTRACTIONS
                                   PC-097210
                                SPE-DEX 3000XL
                                 Horizon Tech
                                Oil and Grease
                                  1120280108
                                   PC-100696
                              Analytical Balance
                                 Model AB204-5
                                       
                                    Mettler
                                       
                           Reagents, Oil and Grease
                                   ---------
                  Vacuum Pump (Oil & Grease) DAA-V132-GB
                                     GAST
                                Oil and Grease
                                   PC-95390
                           Solvent Recovery system 
                                 Horizon Tech
                               Oil & Grease
                                     99207
                         Solvent Evaporator Model 9001
                                 Horizon Tech
                               Oil & Grease
                                   PC 107440
                                   SN 450505
                          Glassware Oven Model NB-350
                                    Grieve
                                Semi-volatiles
                                PC-54904 SN 228
                             Vacuum Oven Model 281
                               Fisher Scientific
                                    Various
                                   PC-112111
                             Concentrator Dry Vap
                                 Horizon Tech
                                   Pesticide
                                   PC-112110
                          (6) Extractor SPE-DEX 4790
                                 Horizon Tech
                                   Pesticide
                                   PC-91605
                                   SN 13690
                                Rot-X-Tract#130
                            Liq-Liq Extractor (BNA)
                              Organomation Assoc.
                                 Semivolatiles
                                   PC-90445
                                  Rot-X-Tract
                            Liq-Liq Extractor (BNA)
                              Organomation Assoc.
                                       
                                   257059-8
                     NANOpure Ultra Pure Water Model 7149
                                   Barnstead
                                 Water Purity
                                   PC-83556
                                 SN 235521688
                              Centrifuge, HN-SII
                                      IEC
                                       
                                    ------
                             SPEDEX 3000 Extractor
                                 Horizon Tech
                               Oil & Grease
                                Y10W-689718-YW
                            Refrigerator/Freezer #1
                                  RCRF252A14
                               Thermo Sci Revco 
                                       
                               0146005901111123
                                Refrigerator#2 
                                 MR49PA GAE11
                                  Thermo Sci
                                       
                                   IRADMCH1
                                 Chiller (BNA)
                                 Model HX-150
                                    NESLAB
                                       
                                   PC-78898
                             Chiller Model CTF-33
                                    NESLAB
                                       
                                  SN 15-5199
                                   XCEL vap
                                    Horizon
                              BNA Semi-volatiles
                                  0606601991
                             Vacuum Pump DAA716-EB
                                     GAST
                                  Pesticides
                                   302480-01
                             Vacuum Pump DAA716-EB
                                     GAST
                                  Pesticides
                                   060661989
                             Vacuum Pump DAA716-EB
                                     GAST
                               Oil & Grease
                                  B113124320
                              Analytical Balance
                                 Model XP1202S
                                    Mettler
                                 Digested Sldg
                                     SB259
Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) System 1 (1 Control Module & 3 Sample Processor Modules
                                      FMS
                                     BNAS
                                     SB260
Solid Phase Extraction (SPE) System 2 (1 Control Module & 3 Sample Processor Modules
                                      FMS
                                     BNAS
                                  F6MA04078C
A10 Advantage Water Polisher (received 11-29-16)
                                 EMD Millipore
                                 Reagent Water
                        ROOM 1083 Emerging Contaminants
                                    SN 4024
                               GCXGC Pegasus 4D
                               Model 614-600-200
                                     Leco
                                       
                                  CN11091148
                                  GC-MS #7890
                                     Leco
                                       
                               SN Y10W-689720-YW
                     Refrigerator/Freezer Model RCRF252A14
                               Thermo Sci Revco
                                       
                                   SN 11391
                           MPS Multi-Purpose Sampler
                                    Gerstel
                                       
                                       
                          Uninterrupted Power Supply
                                      APC
                                       
                            ROOM 1084 SEMIVOLATILES
                                C70264250004US
                                   PC-107700
                                     GC/MS
                                QP-2010/GC2010
                                   Shimadzu
                                Semi-volatiles
                                    116179
                                   Smart UPS
                          Uninterrupted Power Supply 
                             Purchased 11/21/2008
                                    SURT003
                                      APC
                                Semi-volatiles
                                   PC-95574
                             Refrigerator/Freezer
                               Fisher Scientific
                                       
                                  CN61439038
                                   PC-114465
                                       
                                   GC  6890N
                                    Agilent
                                  Pesticides
                                   PC-114465
                                     3278
                               GC/MS, Pegasus IV
                              Purchased 5/13/2004
                                     Leco
                                  Pesticides
                                   PC-116180
                                SN 15083000361
                                   Smart UPS
                          Uninterrupted Power Supply
                                Steve's Chase
                                       
                             Purchased 11/21/2008
                                      APC
                                  Pesticides
                                    911204
                                   PC-83815
                                Gas Partitioner
                               Tremetrics 541GC
                                  Tremetrics
                                   Not used
                                    C118049
                                    C520749
                               Gas Chromatograph
                                 GC-2010 Plus
                                   Shimadzu
                              Sludge Gas Analysis
                                 HGS1208151261
                                  PC# 126944
                              Hydrogen Generator 
                               Purchased 2/10/15
                                       
                                 Perkin Elmer
                                    Backup
                                 HGS1110151090
                                 PC Tag 126899
                              Hydrogen Generator
                               Purchased 2/18/15
                                       
                                 Perkin Elmer
                                      TOC
                                   PC-113980
                                 C11484403909
                               Gas Chromatograph
                                 FID GC-2014  
                               Purchased 1/11/07
                                       
                                   Shimadzu
                                Volatile Acids
                                   PC-98782
                                  SN-0166003
                          TOC Analyzer, Phoenix 8000
                                Tekmar Dohrman
                                      TOC
                           Sn#P702730840/e702788839
                  TOC Analyzer/Autosampler (purchased 4/5/17)
                                      IO
                                      TOC
                                   129418564
                                     Pump
                                    Edwards
                                Semi-Volatiles
                                   056393290
                                     Pump
                                    Edwards
                                  Pesticides
                          SN C118049 & SN C520749
                       GCTDC Gas Chromatography GC- 2010
                                    Simadzu
                                Gas Partitioner
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                  Appendix I
                                Micro Inventory
                                     Asset
                                 Serial Number
                                    PC Tag
                               Item Description
                                 (Make, Model)
                                   Location
                                 Manufacturer
                                    Purpose
ROOM 1056 BOD (BIOCHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND)
11187
SP1000 Analyzer #1
Skalar
BOD 
SN 06143
PC-113819
SP1000 Analyzer #2 (Purchase) 2/13/2007
Skalar
BOD 
05456
Peristaltic Pump 
Skalar
BOD
11691
Peristaltic Pump 
Skalar
BOD
WL1136003
Water Bath 89032-218
VWR
BOD
11J 100031
D.O Meter 5100
YSI
Dissolved Oxygen




09E 100961
D.O Meter 5100
YSI
Dissolved Oxygen
SN 14G100322
D.O Meter 5100
YSI
Dissolved Oxygen
XL94101043
pH Meter
Accumet
pH
110643258 K
Flask Scrubber 4420331
Labconco
Glassware washer
Y10W689719YW
Refrigerator/Freezer
RCRF252A14
Revco
Standards storage
021117
Orion 3 star pH/DO Meter
Orion
pH 
031200001306
Vacuum Pump 2511B-01
Welch
BOD
SN 300147058
         Precision Low Temperature BOD Incubator (Purchased 6/151/17)

Thermo Fisher
BOD backup
ROOM 1056A BOD INCUBATION
SN 2116
Walk-In Incubator (20 degree)
Environmental Growth Chambers
BOD
ROOM 1057 COLIFORMS
02721
Quanti-Tray Sealer 89-10894-00
IDEXX
Coliforms
02301
Quanti-Tray Sealer 89-10894-04
IDEXX
Coliforms
1782803
Ultraviolet Light  EA-160
Spectroline
Coliforms
1326983
Ultraviolet Light  EA-160
Spectroline
Coliforms
247341-625
Waterbath
Model 2862
Precision 
Thermo Sci
Coliforms
110643257K
FlaskScrubber
Labconco
Media, Coliforms
0146033001111205
Sample Refrigerator
Model 3754
Thermo-Fisher Sci
Coliforms
RROOM 1057A AUTOCLAVE, INCUBATION
URA010626
Gravity Steam Sterilizer Model 422LS A
Getinge
Coliforms
SN 04B04792
PC-105441
Steam Sterilizer model 422LS B
Getinge
Coliforms
610332-92
Incubator 35C  (A)
ThermoSci
Coliforms
610332-91
Incubator 35C  (B)
ThermoSci
Coliforms
610190-89
Incubator 44.5C  (C)
ThermoSci
Coliforms
ROOM 1058 MEDIA
1041061012674
BT Sure Heat Block
Barnstead Intl
Coliforms
PC 116109
Incubator  (20°C)
Received 11/30/04
Thermo Electron
BOD
1153406
Spectrophotometer 2800
HACH
Chlorine, COD
04112981117028
Incubator Model 414004-954
VWR
Coliforms
SN 1275
PC 48785
Rotary Autoplater  Model1580
Lab-Line Biomedical
Coliforms
F6MA04078D
A10 Advantage Water Polisher (purchased 11-29-16)
EMD Millipore
Coliforms, BOD
B114126750
Balance  Model XP1202S
Mettler Toledo
Media
G05062
Orion 4 Star pH/DO meter
Thermo-Orion
Not currently used
RROOM 1059 SOLIDS, WET CHEMISTRY
PC 119026
0150126601111111
Muffle Furnace 30428C
Purchased 12/15/11
Barnstead/  Thermolyne
TVS, TVSS
PC 116954
1262090524645
Muffle Furnace 30428C 
Purchased 6/30/09
Barnstead/ Thermolyne
TVS, TVSS
B015024214
Balance XP1202S
Mettler Toledo
TS Grams
B114126747
Balance XP1202S
Mettler Toledo
TS, TVS

Spectrophotometer DR/2800
Hach
Chlorine, COD
B045085417
Balance MS 304S/03
Mettler Toledo
TSS, TVSS, TDS
113081-337
Steam Table
Thermo Fisher Sci
TS, TDS
111352-333
Steam Table
Thermo Fisher Sci
TS, TDS
111354-336
Steam Table
Thermo Fisher Sci
TS, TDS
113082-339
Steam Table
Thermo Fisher Sci
TS, TDS
113081-338
Steam Table
Thermo Fisher Sci
TS, TDS
113824-343
Steam Table
Thermo Fisher Sci
TS, TDS
41232150
104 Oven A
Thermo Sci
TS, TSS
41232195
104 Oven B
Thermo Sci
TS, TSS
41232151
104 Oven C
Thermo Sci
TDS
41317036
PC19292
104 Oven D
Thermo Sci
TDS
10-17650
104 Oven E
Binder
TSS/Inorganic
10050C0335
DRB 200
Reactor Black
Hach
COD
11080C0024
DRB 200
Reactor Black
Hach
COD
1231255145
Seven Multi Meter
Mettler Toledo
pH, Conductivity
1231275344
Seven Multi Meter
Mettler Toledo
pH, Conductivity
113687-665
Water bath
Thermo Sci
Conductivity
295-0011
Water bath
Model W2975-22
Lab-Line Biomedical
TS/TVS
110300005632
HQ40d Meter
Hach
Conductivity
B24947/248910-A-10
3Star Meter
Orion
Conductivity
110947902
Vacuum Desiccator
CAT #553000
Labconco
Standards storage
110947904
Vacuum Desiccator
CAT #553000
Labconco
TDS
399550
Vacuum pump
Model UN726FTP
KNF Neuberger
TDS
0611000719
Vacuum pump
DAA-V716-EB
Gast Manufacturing
TSS/TDS
-----
Vacuum Manifold Model 15403
Pall Corporation
TSS/filtration
5804AL061743
Centrifuge 5804
Eppendorf
Alkalinity
Satellite Lab-Tres Rios WRF
1153406
Spectrophotometer DR/2800
HACH
Chlorine
Satellite Lab-Agua Nueva WRF
1154186
Spectrophotometer DR/3800
HACH
Chlorine
                                       
                                       
                                  Appendix J
                       QA & Miscellaneous Inventory

Asset Serial number
PC Tag
Item description
(model)
Manufacturer
Purpose
ROOM 1044 SAMPLE RECEIVING
SN C2IC61009
e-Studio 356, B&W multi-function copier
Toshiba
Copier, printer, scanner and fax
SN 0168974201111116
Refrigerator, 2-door Glass
Model MR49PA-GAEE-TS
Thermo Scientific 
Sample storage
ROOM 1046 BOTTLE PREP
SN 0168933301111101
Refrigerator/Freezer 
Model # 3764A
Thermo Scientific 
QC samples and
ice/water for calibration
SN  6A115447     
815 LX Glassware Washer (purchased 4/4/17)
Lancer
Bottle washing 
SN 1A12C1029
PC 123820
PD15RCAL-A11B

PolyScience
Calibration bath for thermometers
SN  600111000
Oven 104C
Thelco Precision
Glassware drying

ROOM 1065 SAMPLE STORAGE
SN 0168968601111114
Refrigerator, 2-door Glass
Model MR49PA-GAEE-TS
Thermo Scientific 
Sample storage for Micro
SN 0168974301111116
Refrigerator, 2-door Glass
Model MR49PA-GAEE-TS
Thermo Scientific 
Sample storage for Inorganic
SN 0168972901111115
Refrigerator, 2-door Glass
Model MR49PA-GAEE-TS
Thermo Scientific 
Sample storage for Inorganic
SN 0168974101111116
Refrigerator, 2-door Glass
Model MR49PA-GAEE-TS
Thermo Scientific 
Sample storage for Inorganic
SN 0168974001111116
Refrigerator, 2-door Glass
Model MR49PA-GAEE-TS
Thermo Scientific 
Sample storage for WETT
SN 0168973001111115
Refrigerator, 2-door Glass
Model MR49PA-GAEE-TS
Thermo Scientific 
Sample storage for WETT
SN 0168968301111114
Refrigerator, 2-door Glass
Model MR49PA-GAEE-TS
Thermo Scientific 
Sample storage for Organic
SN 0168968401111114
Refrigerator, 2-door Glass
Model MR49PA-GAEE-TS
Thermo Scientific 
Sample storage for Organic
SN 0168980901111117
Refrigerator, 2-door Glass
Model MR49PA-GAEE-TS
Thermo Scientific 
Sample storage for Micro
SN 0168981001111117
Refrigerator, 2-door Glass
Model MR49PA-GAEE-TS
Thermo Scientific 
Sample storage for Micro
ROOM 1041 WATER TREATMENT
None
Water Treatment System
Culligan
Laboratory Water
ROOM 1043 RECEIVING (LOADING DOCK)
None
Pallet Jack
Model 4YX97
Dayton
Moving pallets
MISCELLANEOUS LAB
SN CBH112634
e-Studio 5540C, Color multi-function copier
Toshiba
Copier, scanner and printer 
PC 88984
Golf Cart, Electric "green" 2 seat, GC20
EZ-Go

Sample Collection
22926
Lic: G192FY
Golf Cart, Electric Columbia 3 seat, Ec25, White
Columbia
Sample Collection


                                  APPENDIX K
                     DEFINITIONS, ACRONYMS & GLOSSARY

ADEQ: The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.
ADHS: The Arizona Department of Health Services.
Analyte: means the substance or chemical constituent being sought or measured in an analytical procedure.
APP: Aquifer Protection Permit issued by Arizona Department of Environmental Quality.
ASLAPR- Arizona State Library, Archives and Public Records
Approved method:  An analytical test procedure or technique authorized by the Department to test for the presence of a particular contaminant or characteristic and includes an alternate method approved by the Department under R9-14-610(C) and an approved method used with a method alteration approved by the Department under R9-14-610(C).
ASTM:  American Society for Testing and Materials
AZPDES:	Arizona Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
Batch:  Environmental Samples that are prepare and or analyzed together with the same process and personnel, using the same lot(s) of reagents. A batch is composed of one to 20 samples.
BOD: Biological Oxygen Demand.
BNAs: Base, Neutral, Acid Extractable Compounds (See Semi-Volatiles).
Calibration Check: Verification of the ratio of instrument response to analyte amount, a calibration check is done by analyzing for analyte standards in an appropriate solvent.  Calibration check solutions are made from a stock solution, which is different from the stock used to prepare standards.
Calibration Check Standard: (Continuing Calibration Standard) - Standard used to determine the state of calibration of an instrument between periodic recalibrations.
Calibration model: A mathematical form for a calibration curve.
CHP: Chemical Hygiene Plan.
COC:  Chain of Custody
Confidence Coefficient: The probability, percent (%), that a measurement result will lie within the confidence interval or between the confidence limits.
Confidence Interval: Set of possible values within which, the true value will lie with a specified level of probability.
Confidence Limit : One of the boundary values defining the confidence interval.
Continuing Calibration:  (Organic Analysis) Analytical standard run every 8 to 12 hours as required by the SOP to verify the calibration of the GC/MS system.
Continuing Calibration: (Inorganic Analysis) Analytical standard run every 10 analytical samples or every 2 hours, whichever is more frequent, to verify the calibration of the analytical system.
Continuous Liquid-Liquid Extraction: Used herein synonymously with the terms continuous extraction, continuous liquid extraction and liquid extraction.  This extraction technique involves boiling extraction solvent in a flask and condensing the solvent above the aqueous sample.  The condensed solvent drips through the sample, extracting the compounds of interest from the aqueous phase.
Control: A lab fortified blank spiked with a known amount of all method analytes and processed through the analytical scheme.  Controls measure accuracy of the procedure.
Correlation Coefficient: A number (r), which indicates the degree of dependence between two variables (concentration - absorbance).  The more dependent they are the closer the value to one.  Determined based on the least squares line.
CRAO: Compliance and Regulatory Affairs Office
DDT: dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane
Decafluorotriphenylphosphine (DFTPP):  (Organic Analysis) Compound chosen to establish mass spectral instrument performance for semi-volatile analysis.
Digestion Log: (Inorganic Analysis) An official record of the sample preparation (digestion).
Dissolved Metals: (Inorganic Analysis) Analyte elements, which will pass through a 0.45 um filter.
DM: Data Management.
DOC:  Demonstration of Capability or Dissolved Organic Compound.
Dry Weight: The weight of a sample based on percent solids.  The weight after drying in an oven.
Duplicate: A second aliquot of a sample that is treated the same as the original sample in order to determine the precision of the method.
Duplicate Samples: Duplicate samples are two separate samples taken from the same source (i.e., in separate containers and analyzed independently).
ECD: Electron Capture Detector.
EDB: 1,2-Dibromomethane.
Effluent: means an outflow, as of a stream that flows out of a facility.
Element: The laboratory's Information Management System (LIMS).
Environmental Sample: An environmental sample or field sample is a representative sample of any material (aqueous, nonaqueous, or multimedia) collected from any source for which determination of composition or contamination is requested or required.  Environmental samples are normally classified as follows:
      Drinking Water   -- delivered (treated or untreated) water designated as potable water.
      Water/Wastewater -- raw source waters for public drinking water supplies, ground waters, municipal influents/effluents, and industrial influents/effluents.
      Biosolids (Sludge) -- municipal sludges and industrial sludges.
      Waste / Hazardous waste - aqueous and nonaqueous liquid wastes, chemical solids, contaminated soils,	and industrial liquid and solid wastes.
EPA: 	United States Environmental Protection Agency
FID: Flame Ionization detector
Field Blank: Usually an aqueous solution that is as free of analyte as possible and is transferred from one vessel to another at the sampling site and preserved with the appropriate reagents.  This serves as a check on reagent and environmental contamination.  One field blank should be analyzed with each analytical batch or every 20 samples, whichever is greater.
Field Measurement: The determination of physical, biological, or radiological properties, or chemical constituents; that are measured on-site, close in time and space to the matrices being sampled/measured, following accepted test methods. This testing is performed in the field outside of a fixed-laboratory or outside of an enclosed structure that meets the requirements of a mobile laboratory.
GC: Gas Chromatography
GC/EC: Gas Chromatography/Electron Capture.
GC/MS: Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry.
Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption (GFAA): Atomic absorption, which utilizes a graphite cell for excitation.
HEM: n-Hexane extractable material.
Holding Times (Maximum Allowable Holding Times): the maximum times that samples may be held prior to analysis and still be considered valid or not compromised. (40 CFR Part 136)
HPLC: High Performance Liquid Chromatography.
ICP/MS: Inductively Coupled Plasma/Mass Spectrometry.
ID: Identification.
IDOC: Initial demonstration of capability.
Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) : A technique for the simultaneous or sequential multi-element determination of elements in solution.  The basis of the method is the measurement of atomic and ionic emission by an optical spectroscopic technique.  Characteristic atomic and ionic line emission spectra are produced by excitation of the sample in a radio frequency inductively coupled plasma.
In-House: At the laboratory's facility.
Initial Calibration: Analysis of analytical standards for a series of different specified concentrations; used to define the linearity and dynamic range of the response of the analytical detector or method.
Initial Demonstration of Capability (IDOC): A test performed by an analyst, as prescribed by a method, to document the analyst's ability to perform the method.
Injection: Introduction of the analytical sample into the instrument excitation system for the purpose of measuring absorbance, emission, or concentration of analyte.  
Instrument Calibration: (See also Calibration) Analysis of analytical standards for a series of different specified concentrations; used to define the quantitative response, linearity, and dynamic range of the instrument to target analytes.
Instrument Detection Limit (IDL) the concentration equivalent of the analyte signal, which is three times the standard deviation of a series of ten replicate measurements of the calibration blank signal.

Interferents: Substances that affect the analysis for the analyte of interest.
Internal Standards:  Compounds added to the sample after sample preparation for qualitative and quantitative instrument analysis; the compounds serve to give a standard of retention time and response, which is invariant from run-to-run with the instrument.
IPC: Instrument Performance Check
IT: Information Technology
KERP: Kino Ecological Restoration Project
Kilogram (kg): 1000 grams
L or l: liter
LIMS-Laboratory Information Management System, computer software that is used in the laboratory for the management of laboratory samples.
Linear Range, Linear Dynamic Range: (Inorganic Analysis) The concentration range over which the ICP analytical curve remains linear.
Matrix: the substrate of a test sample.
Field of Accreditation Matrix: these matrix definitions shall be used when accrediting a laboratory (see Field of Accreditation).
Matrix Spike Duplicate (MSD): A second aliquot of the same matrix as the matrix spike (above) that is spiked in order to determine the precision of the method.  
MDL: Method Detection Limit.
Method Blank: An analytical control consisting of all reagents, internal standards and surrogate standards, that is carried through the entire analytical procedure just like a sample.  The method blank is used to define the level of laboratory background and reagent contamination that may have been introduced into the sample during the digestion/extraction process.
Method of Standard Additions (MEA): (Inorganic Analysis) The addition of 3 increments of a standard solution (spikes) to sample aliquots of the same size.  Measurements are made on the original and after each addition.  The slope, x-intercept and y-intercept, are determined by least  - square analysis.  The analyte concentration is determined by the absolute value of the x-intercept.  Ideally, the spike volume is low relative to the sample volume (approximately 10% of the volume).  Standard addition may counteract matrix effects; it will not counteract spectral effects.  Also referred to as Standard Addition.
mg/L : milligram per liter
Milligram (mg): 1/1000th of a gram
Milliliter (mL): 1/1000th of a liter
Must: denotes a requirement that must be met. (Random House College Dictionary)
NA, ND: Not analyzed; none detected.
Narrative: A descriptive documentation of any problems encountered in processing the samples, along with corrective action taken and problem resolution.
PE: Performance Evaluation.
Percent Moisture: An approximation of the amount of water in a soil/sediment sample made by drying an aliquot of the sample at 105C.   The percent moisture determined in this manner also includes contributions from all compounds that may volatilize at or below 105C, including water.  Percent moisture may be determined from decanted samples and from samples that are not decanted.
Percent Solids: The proportion of solid in a soil sample determined by drying an aliquot of the sample.
Performance Evaluation (PE) Sample: See Proficiency Test Sample.
pH: The negative logarithm of the effective hydrogen ion concentration.  A scale (0 to 14) representing an aqueous solution's acidity or alkalinity.  Low pH values indicate acidity and high values indicate alkalinity.  The scale's mid-point, 7, is neutral.  A Substance in an aqueous solution ionize to various extents giving different concentrations of H[+] and OH[-] ions.  Strong acids have excess H[+] ions and a pH of 1 to 3 (HCl, pH = 1).  Strong bases have excess OH[-] ions and a pH of 11 to 13 (NaOH, pH - 12).
Pima County Municipal Code Title 11 Purchasing- Rules and Regulations that must be followed by Pima County Employees when purchasing. See http://library.municode.com/index.aspx?clientId=16119&stateId=3&stateName=Arizona
ppb: Parts per billion (ug/L).
ppm: Parts per million (mg/L).
ppt: parts per trillion (ug/mL)
PQL : The practical quantitation limit (PQL) is the lowest quantitation point that can be reliably achieved within specified limits of precision and accuracy during routine laboratory operating conditions.
Primary Standard: 1) A physical standard for a particular parameter which is designated or whose value is accepted without relation or comparison to any other reference. 
Protocol: a detailed written procedure for field and/or laboratory operation (e.g., sampling, analysis), which must be strictly followed. (EPA-QAD)
Purge and Trap (Device): Analytical technique (device) used to isolate volatile (purgeable) organics by stripping the compounds from water or soil by a stream of inert gas, trapping the compounds on an absorbent such as a porous polymer trap, thermally desorbing the trapped compounds onto the gas chromatographic column.
QA: Quality Assurance.
QAO: Quality Assurance Officer
QC: Quality Control.
Quality Control Sample: a sample used to assess the performance of all or a portion of the measurement system. QC samples may be Certified Reference Materials, a quality system matrix fortified by spiking, or actual samples fortified by spiking.
Reagent Blank: Usually an organic or aqueous solution that is as free of analyte as possible and contains all the reagents in the same volume as used in the processing of the samples.  The reagent blank must be carried through the complete sample preparation procedure and contains the same reagent concentrations in the final solution as in the sample solution used for analysis.  The reagent blank is used to correct for possible contamination resulting from the preparation or processing of the sample.  One reagent blank should be prepared for every analytical batch or for every 20 samples, whichever is greater.
Reagent Water: Water in which an interferant is not observed at or above the minimum quantitation limit of the parameters of interest.
Relative Percent Difference (RPD): To compare two values, the relative percent difference is based on the mean of the two values and is reported as an absolute value (i.e. always expressed as a positive number or zero).
Replicate: Repeated operation occurring within an analytical procedure.  Two or more analyses for the same constituent in an extract of a single sample constitutes replicate extract analyses.
Replicate Sample: A replicate sample is a sample prepared by dividing a sample into two or more separate aliquots.  Duplicate samples are considered to be two replicates.  In cases where aliquoting is impossible, as in the case of volatiles, duplicate samples must be taken for the replicate analysis.
Resolution: Also termed separation or percent resolution.  The separation between peaks on a chromatogram, calculated by dividing the depth of the valley between the peaks by the peak height of the smaller peak being resolved and multiplied by 100.
Retention Time Window: Usually defined as three times the standard deviation of the absolute or relative RT of an analyte standard injected over the course of a 72-hour period.
RRT: Relative Retention Time.
RSD: Relative Standard Deviation.
RT: Retention Time.
RT Window: See Retention Time Window.
Run: A continuous analytical sequence consisting of prepared samples and all associated quality assurance measurements.
RWRD- Regional Wastewater Reclamation Department
Sample: A portion of material to be analyzed that is contained in single or multiple containers and identified by a unique sample number.
Sample Number (LAB Sample Number) : A unique identification number designated by LIMS for each sample.  The LAB sample number appears on the sample Chain-Of-Custody which documents information on that sample.
SD: Standard Deviation.
Secondary Standard: A secondary standard is a standard that is prepared in the laboratory for a specific analysis. It is usually standardized against a primary standard. 
Semi-volatile Compounds: (Organic Analysis) Compounds amenable to analysis by extraction of the sample with an organic solvent.  This term is used synonymously with Base/Neutral/Acid (BNA) compounds.

Shall: denotes a requirement that is mandatory whenever the criterion for conformance with the specification requires that there be no deviation. This does not prohibit the use of alternative approaches or methods for implementing the specification so long as the requirement is fulfilled. (ANSI)
Should: denotes a requirement that is mandatory whenever the criterion for conformance with the specification requires that there be no deviation permissible. (ADHS)
Standard Curve: A standard curve is a curve, which plots concentrations of known analyte standards versus the instrument response to the analyte.  Calibration standards are prepared by diluting the stock analyte solution in graduated amounts, which cover the expected range of the samples being analyzed.  Standards should be prepared at the frequency specified in the appropriate section.  The calibration standards must be prepared using the same type of acid or solvent and at the same concentration as will result in the samples following sample preparation.  This is applicable to organic and inorganic chemical analysis.  See Calibration.
Stock Solution: Standard solution which can be diluted to derive other standards.
Subcontractor: A subcontractor is an individual or in many cases a business that signs a contract to perform part or all of the obligations of another's contract. (Wikipedia)
Suspended: (Inorganic Analysis) Those elements which are retained by a 0.45 um membrane filter.
TCLP:  Toxicity Characteristic Leaching (not Leachate) Procedure	
Total Metals: (Inorganic Analysis) Analyte elements, which have been digested prior to analysis and have not been filtered.
Trip Blank: Usually an organic or aqueous solution that is as free of analyte as possible and is transported to the sampling site and returned to the laboratory without being opened.  This serves as a check on sample contamination originating from sample transport, shipping, and from the site conditions.  One trip blank should be analyzed with each analytical batch or every 20 samples, whichever is greater.
Validation: the confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that the particular requirements for a specific intended use are fulfilled.
Volatile Compounds: (Organic Analysis) Compounds amenable to analysis by the purge and trap technique.  Used synonymously with purgeable compounds.
Water: Reagent, analyte-free, or laboratory pure water means distilled or deionized water or Type II reagent water which is free of contaminants that may interfere with the analytical test in question.
Net Weight: The weight of a sample aliquot including moisture (undried).

	

                                  Appendix L
                    Signatures/Initial Identification Form
                               Laboratory Staff
                                       
               (Please sign as you would sign a legal document)
       
     Name				Signature					Initials

               (Please sign as you would sign a legal document)
      
     Name				Signature					Initials
 




               (Please sign as you would sign a legal document)
                                       
       

               (Please sign as you would sign a legal document)

       
     Name				Signature					Initials




               (Please sign as you would sign a legal document)
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       


     Name				Signature					Initials

               (Please sign as you would sign a legal document)
                                       



6-28-17


	
	
                                  Appendix M
                           ADHS Lab Licensure Rules
                                       
                                       




                                       

                                       

                                       

                                       
 

                                          
      
       




























































                                       
                                       
                                       
                                  Appendix N
                                       
                                       
                                  Appendix O
                         Preservation and Holding Time
                                   PARAMETER
                                    METHOD
                                 PRESERVATION
                                    MAXIMUM
                                 HOLDING TIME
                                   CONTAINER
Alkalinity 
SM 2320B
Cool, 4C
14 days
500-1000 mL Plastic or Glass
Acrylonitrile/ Acrolein (AC/AC)
EPA 624


Field-Sodium Thiosulfate if Chlorine is present. Cool, 4C, HCl to pH 4-5
3 days w/o preservation, 
14 days w/preservation
40mL septa vials, 1 40 mL trip blank
Ammonia (as N)
EPA 350.1,
SM4500-NH3 D
Cool, 4C, H2SO4 to pH <2
28 days
500 mL Plastic or Glass
Beryllium (Air filters)
Method IO-3.4
Dry storage
none
Air Filters
Biosolids (any parameter)
----------------------
Cool to 4C, no chemical preservative
--------------------
                       ---------------------------------
Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
SM 5210B
Cool, 4C
48 hours
1000 mL Plastic or Glass
BOD, dissolved (not a licensed method)
--------------
Filter, Cool to 4C
48 hours
1000 ml Plastic or Glass
Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)
HACH 8000
Cool, 4C, H2SO4 to pH <2
28 days
500 mL Glass or Plastic
COD, dissolved (not a licensed method) 
--------------
Filter, Cool to 4C, H2SO4 (pH <2)
28 days
500 ml Glass or Plastic
Chloride
SM 4500-CL E
None Required
28 days
1000 mL Plastic or Glass
Chlorine-Total Residual
HACH 10014
None Required
Immediately
300 mL black glass BOD bottle
Cyanide, Total 
SM 4500-CN BCE



EPA 9010C
Cool, 4C,  
10N NaOH to pH>10, (0.6g ascorbic acid in the presence of Chlorine).
Biosolids may be unpreserved
14 days
500 mL Plastic or Glass
Cyanide, Amenable
SM 4500-CN G
Cool, 4C,  
10N NaOH to pH >12, (0.6g ascorbic acid in the presence of Chlorine).
14 days
500 mL Plastic or Glass
Dissolved Metals
EPA 200.7
EPA 200.8
Filter first, Cool, 4C,  HNO3  to pH <2
6 months
1 Liter HDPE before filtering, 500mL HDPE after filtering
Dissolved Oxygen
SM 4500-O G

None Required
Analyze Immediately

300 mL Glass BOD Bottle, Glass stopper
Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC)
SM 5310C
Cool, 4C, H2SO4 to pH <2
28 days (filtered & preserved)
120 mL Glass w/ Teflon Septa
E.coli by Colilert MPN  -  Wastewater
SM 9223B
Cool, 4C, Na2S2O3, 
8 hours
100 mL Sterile
Plastic or Glass
E.coli by Colilert MPN  -  Well Water, Surface Water
SM 9223B
Cool, 4C, Na2S2O3 Requires Temperature Blank and Custody Seal
8 hours
100 mL Sterile
Plastic or Glass
Fecal Coliform by Colilert 18
SM9020/9223B
Cool, 4C, Na2S2O3 
8 hours
100 mL Sterile
Plastic or Glass
Fluoride
SM 4500 F-C
None Required
28 days
1000 mL Plastic
Hardness
SM 2340B
HNO3  to pH <2
6 months
1000 mL Plastic or Glass
Ignitability
EPA 1010A
None
28 days
1000 mL Amber Glass
Low Level Mercury
245.7
HNO3  to pH <2
28 days
4 X 40 mL septa vials
1 trip blank
Mercury
EPA 245.1
EPA 7471A
EPA 7470A,

HNO3  to pH <2

Biosolids may be unpreserved
28 days
500 mL Plastic or Glass
Metals/Minerals

EPA 200.7, 
EPA 200.8, 
EPA 6010B
HNO3  to pH <2

Biosolids may be unpreserved
6 months
500 or 1000 mL Plastic or Glass
Lead in TSP (Air Filters)
EQL 0510-191
dry storage
none
Air Filters
Nitrate/Nitrite (combined result)
EPA 353.2
Cool, 4C, H2SO4 to pH <2
28 days
500 mL Glass

Nitrate & Nitrite (separate results) or Nitrate alone 
EPA 353.2/ SM 4500-NO2B
Cool, 4C, 
1-unpreserved
1-H2SO4 to pH <2

48 hours
28 days

250 mL Glass
500 mL Glass
Nitrite
SM 4500-NO2B,
Cool, 4C
48 hours
250 mL Glass 
Nitrogen, Kjeldahl
EPA 351.2
Cool, 4C ,H2SO4 to pH <2
28 days
500 mL Glass

Oil & Grease
EPA 1664B
Cool, 4C, HCl to pH <2
28 days
1000 mL Glass
Orthophosphate
EPA 365.1
Cool, 4C
48 hours
250 mL Glass
Oxygen, Dissolved
SM4500-O G
None Required
Analyze
Immediately
500-1000 mL Glass or Polyethylene
Paint Filter Test
EPA 9095B
None
None
1000mL Plastic or Glass
Pesticides/PCBs
EPA 625
Cool, 4C Field -Na2S2O3 to be used for chlorinated samples
7 days until extracted; 40 days after extraction
1000 mL Amber Glass, Teflon Cap
Petroleum Hydrocarbons
EPA 1664A
Cool, 4C HCl to pH <2
28 days
1000 mL Glass
pH
SM 4500-H B
None Required
Analyze
Immediately
500-1000 mL Glass or Polyethylene
Phosphorous (T)
EPA 365.1
Cool, 4C H2SO4 to pH <2
28 days
250 mL glass

Purgeables (VOCs)   -  not including AC/AC
EPA 624

EPA 8260
Cool, 4C, may be preserved upon laboratory receipt
Biosolids may be unpreserved
7 days unpreserved
14 days preserved
4 X 40 mL septa vials
1 trip blank
Residue, Filterable (Total Dissolved Solids TDS)
SM 2540C
Cool, 4C.
7 days
1000 mL Plastic or Glass
Residue, Nonfilterable (Total Suspended Solids - TSS)
SM 2540D



Cool, 4C.
7 days
1000 mL Plastic or Glass
Residue, Volatile (Total Suspended Volatile Solids -TVSS)
EPA 160.4
Cool, 4C.
7 days
1000 mL Plastic or Glass
Semi-Volatile Organics
(Excluding Pesticides & PCBs)
EPA 625
EPA 8270C
Cool, 4C,  Field -Na2S2O3 to be used for chlorinated samples.
7 days until extracted; 40 days after extraction
1000 mL Amber Glass, Teflon Lined Cap
Sludge Gases  -  non compliance
SM 2720C
None Required
Analyze immediately
250 mL Clear Glass Collecting Tube
Specific Conductance
SM 2510B
Cool, 4C
28 days
125 mL Plastic or Glass
Sulfate
SM 4500-SO4 F
Cool, 4C
Requires Temperature Blank and Custody Seal
28 days
250, 500, 1000 mL Plastic or Glass
Sulfide
Hach 8131 (Low)

Added in the Field: Zinc Acetate,
10N NaOH to pH >9 
7 days

300 mL Glass BOD 

Total Coliforms-Wastewater IDEXX MPN
SM 9223B
Cool, 4C Na2S2O3,

8 hours
100 mL Sterile
Plastic or Glass
Total Coliforms-Well Water, Surface Water IDEXX Presence/Absence
SM9223B
Cool, 4C Na2S2O3,
Requires Temperature Blank and Custody Seal
8 hours
100 mL Sterile
Plastic or Glass
Total, Fixed And Volatile Solids In Sludge
SM 2540G
Cool, 4C
7 days

1000 mL Plastic or Glass
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) Herbicides
EPA 1311  - Contract Lab
Cool, 4C
7 days until extraction; 40 days after extraction
1000 mL Glass
TCLP Mercury
EPA 1311
Cool, 4C
28 days until extraction; 28 days after extraction;
1000 mL Glass 
TCLP Metals, except Mercury
EPA 1311
Cool, 4C
180 days until extraction; 180 days after extraction
1000 mL Glass
TCLP Pesticides
EPA 1311
Cool, 4C
14 days to prepare leachate;
7 days until extraction; 40 days after extraction
1000 mL Glass
TCLP Semi Volatile Organics

Cool, 4C
14 days to prepare leachate;
7 days until extraction; 40 days after extraction
1000 mL Glass
TCLP Volatile Organics

Cool, 4C
14 days until extraction, 14 days after extraction;
Soil Jars with Septa lids or 40 mL Septa vials
Temperature	
SM 2550B
N.P.
Immediately
500 mL Plastic or Glass
Total Organic Carbon (TOC)
SM 5310C 
Cool, 4C, H3PO4 to pH <2
28 days 
120 mL Amber Glass 
Total, Fixed, and Volatile Solids in Sludge (TS, TVS)
SM 2540G
Cool to 4C.
7 days
1000 mL Plastic or Glass
Volatile Organic Acids (VOA)  -  non compliance
SM 6010C
None Required
-----------------
Plastic or Glass








                                  Appendix P
                       Listing of CRAO Laboratory SOPs 
2.1
Sample Container Preparation
2.2
Sample Bottle Preservation
2.8
Contract Lab Sample Shipping
2.9
Paint Filter Liquids Test
2.10
Sampler Glass and Plastic ware Cleaning 
5.1.1.1
Glassware Washing - Metals
5.1.1.2
Glassware Washing -Nonmetals
5.1.1.3
Cleaning Procedure for Pipettes
5.1.4
Detection Units
5.1.5
Criteria for Accepting and Rejecting Data
5.2.2
Mercury - EPA Method 245.1 and 7470A, Mercury
5.2.3
EPA Method 245.7, Mercury in Water by Cold Vapor Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry
5.2.4.1
Cleaning and Maintaining the Low Level Mercury Clean Room
5.5.3.1
SM4500-CN[-] G.  Cyanides Amenable to Chlorination after Distillation
5.5.3.2
SM 4500-CN[-] E, Cyanide, Total for Water and Wastewater Samples, Colorimetric Method (LACHAT) 
5.5.3.3
Method SM 4500-CN[-] C, Cyanide Distillation 
5.5.3.4
EPA Method 9010C Cyanide Distillilation
5.5.4
Fluoride  -  Ion Selective Electrode (SM 4500-F C)
5.5.5
Hardness by Calculation - SM 2340 B
5.5.11
Method SM4500-SO42- F, Sulfate Automated Methylthymol Blue (Lachat)
5.5.14
Pretreatment and Analysis of Turbid Wastewater Samples, Sulfide, ATP
5.5.15
HACH 8131, Sulfide Methylene Blue Method
5.6.2
ICP Analysis of Solid Wastes, Method 6010Dm Revision 4, July 20014 
5.6.7
EPA Method 7471B, Revision 2, February, 2007, Mercury in Sludge and Sediment 
5.10
Method of Standard Additions
5.11.1
Inductively Coupled Plasma Emission Spectroscopy (EPA Method 200.7, Rev. 4.4) Varian
5.12
CEM Microwave Assisted Acid Digestion of Aqueous Samples and Extracts
5.13
Method EPA 1311, TCLP: Extraction Procedure for Metals
5.15
ICP-MS Analysis of Water and Waste EPA Method 200.8
5.16.4
Method EQL 0510-191, Determination of Lead in TSP using ICPMS with Heated Ultrasonic Digestion
5.18
Chloride in Water (Colorimetric, Automate Ferricyanide) SM 4500-Cl[-]E (LACHAT FIA)
5.19
Method SM 4500-NO2 B, Nitrite Nitrogen (Colorimetric Automated Diazotization) 
5.20
EPA 353.2, Nitrate/Nitrite Nitrogen (Colorimetric Automated Diazotization) (LACHAT FIA)
5.21
Determination of Orthophosphate and Total P by EPA 365.1 (Colorimetric, Automated, Ascorbic Acid) 
5.22
EPA Method 350.1 Ammonia Nitrogen (Colorimetric Automated Phenate Lachat)
5.22.1
Method SM4500-NH3 D Ammonia-Ion Selective Electrode
5.23
Determination of Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (TKN) EPA 351.2, Semi-Automated Colorimetry 
5.25
For Method 1010A, Ignitability 
6.1.1
SM 2320B Total Alkalinity  -  Titrametric Method 
6.1.2
Alkalinity - In Digested Sludge (2320B)
6.2.1
SM 5210B Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD)
6.3
Hach 8000, Chemical Oxygen Demand
6.4.1
Total Residual Chlorine by Hach Methods
6.4.2
For Hach Method 10014, Total Residual Chlorine
6.5.3
For Method SM 9223B, Total Coliform, Fecal Coliform and E. Coli By Most Probable Number or Presence/Absence (IDEXX Colilert, Colilert 18)
6.6
Daily Permit Grab Sampling for Chlorine, Dissolved Oxygen, E. Coli, pH,  and Temperature.
6.9
Methods SM 2510B and Hach 8160, Specific Conductance (Conductivity)
6.16
Method SM 4500-H[+] B, pH
6.17
Method SM 2540G, Total Solids & Total Volatile Solids
6.17.1
Total Solids Grams
6.18
For Method 2540 C, Total Dissolved Solids
6.20
For Method SM 2540D & EPA 160.4, Total Suspended Solids & Volatile Suspended Solids
6.36
Method SM 4500-O G, Dissolved Oxygen and Hach Method 10360, Luminescent Dissolved Oxygen
6.38
Microbiology Bench Quality Control
6.39
Morning Preparation
6.40 
Temperature (SM 2550B), Care and Use of Thermometers
6.41
Stormwater Procedures
7.1
Organic Glassware Washing Procedure
7.2
Method Detection Limits (MDL) 
7.9
Method SM5310C Total Organic Carbon Analysis Persulfate  -  Ultraviolet Oxidation Method
7.10
Volatile Organic Acids
7.11
Sludge Digester Gas Analysis (By Gas Chromatographic Method SM 2720C)
7.16
Method 1664, Revision B: N-Hexane Extractable Material (HEM, Oil, and Grease and Silica Gel Treated N-Hexane Extractable Material (SGT-HEM; Non-Polar Material) By Extraction and Gravimetry 
8.1
For Method 624, Volatiles Analysis by GC/MS
8.2
625 Semi-Volatiles by GC/MS 
8.2.1
625 Organochlorine Pesticides and PCBs by GC/MS
8.2.2
625/8270C Extraction For Pesticides/PCB 
8.3
Method 8260B Volatiles Analysis by GCMS
8.4
8270C Semi-Volatiles by GC/MS 
8.4.1
8270C Pesticides/PCB by GC/MS
8.7
Dioxin Screen by GCMS
8.9
TCLP Extraction Semi-Volatiles 
8.9.1
TCLP Extraction Volatiles
9.1
Laboratory Ethics Policy
9.2.1
Receiving Samples and Logging Samples into LIMS
9.2.3
Monthly QA Plant Pour-Off and Distribution of Discharge Monitoring Report Samples
9.3.1
Laboratory Water System Maintenance WESC Building
9.3.3
NanoPure Ultrapure Water System and Accudispense Use and Maintenance
9.4
Guidelines for the Use of Arizona Data Qualifiers
9.5
Sample Holding Time
9.9.1
Laboratory Balance Calibration and Maintenance
9.14
Calibration of Micro Pipette (Gravimetric)
9.18
Managing Laboratory Standard Operating Procedures
9.20
Adding and Revising Documents
9.21
Not Analyzed, Not Reported, and Exceedance Reporting Procedure for AZPDES, APP,  Reuse Permits, and IWC Ordinance
9.24
Expression of Results
9.25
Thermometer Calibration, Use, and Maintenance
9.25.1
Operation of Thermometer Calibration Bath
9.28
Proficiency Testing
9.29
Chain of Custody
9.30
Ice-point Calibration of Reference Thermometers
9.32
Guidelines for Internal Auditing
9.36
Demonstration of Capability
9.38
Management Review
LS 1
Personal Protective Equipment  -  Laboratory Gloves
LS 2
Fume Hoods and Snorkels
LS 3
Laboratory Hazardous Waste Disposal
LS 4
Chemical Spills
LS 6
Introducing New Chemicals into the Laboratory
LS 7
Safe Handling of Glassware

