
[Federal Register Volume 81, Number 126 (Thursday, June 30, 2016)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 42600-42607]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2016-15305]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 52

[EPA-R09-OAR-2015-0846; FRL-9948-39-Region 9]


Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Arizona; 
Regional Haze Federal Implementation Plan; Reconsideration

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to 
revise provisions of the Arizona Regional Haze Federal Implementation 
Plan (FIP) applicable to the Phoenix Cement Company (PCC) Clarkdale 
Plant and the CalPortland Cement (CPC) Rillito Plant. In response to 
requests for reconsideration from the plants' owners, we propose to 
replace the control technology optimization requirements for nitrogen 
oxides (NOX) applicable to Kiln 4 at the Clarkdale Plant and 
Kiln 4 at the Rillito Plant with a series of revised recordkeeping and 
reporting requirements. We are seeking comment on this proposed action.

DATES: Written comments must be submitted on or before August 15, 2016. 
Requests for a public hearing must be received on or before July 15, 
2016.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R09-
OAR-2015-0846 at http://www.regulations.gov, or via email to 
limaye.vijay@epa.gov. For comments submitted at Regulations.gov, follow 
the online instructions for submitting comments. Once submitted, 
comments cannot be edited or removed from Regulations.gov. For either 
manner of submission, the EPA may publish any comment received to its 
public docket. Do not submit electronically any information you 
consider to be Confidential Business Information (CBI) or other 
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Multimedia 
submissions (audio, video, etc.) must be accompanied by a written 
comment. The written comment is considered the official comment and 
should include discussion of all points you wish to make. The EPA will 
generally not consider comments or comment contents located outside of 
the primary submission (i.e. on the Web, cloud, or other file sharing 
system). For additional submission methods, please contact the person 
identified in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section. For the full 
EPA public comment policy, information about CBI or multimedia 
submissions, and general guidance on making effective comments, please 
visit http://www2.epa.gov/dockets/commenting-epa-dockets.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Vijay Limaye, U.S. EPA, Region 9, 
Planning Office, Air Division, AIR-2, 75 Hawthorne Street, San 
Francisco, CA 94105. Vijay Limaye can be reached at telephone number 
(415) 972-3086 and via electronic mail at limaye.vijay@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document, ``we,'' ``us,'' 
and ``our'' refer to the EPA.

Table of Contents

I. General Information
II. Background
III. Proposed FIP Revision for the PCC Clarkdale Plant and the CPC 
Rillito Plant
IV. The EPA's Proposed Action
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

I. General Information

A. Definitions

    For the purpose of this document, we are giving meaning to certain 
words or initials as follows:
     The words or initials Act or CAA mean or refer to the 
Clean Air Act, unless the context indicates otherwise.
     The initials ADEQ mean or refer to the Arizona Department 
of Environmental Quality.
     The words Arizona and State mean the State of Arizona.
     The initials BART mean or refer to Best Available Retrofit 
Technology.

[[Page 42601]]

     The term Class I area refers to a mandatory Class I 
Federal area.\1\
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    \1\ Although states and tribes may designate as Class I 
additional areas which they consider to have visibility as an 
important value, the requirements of the visibility program set 
forth in section 169A of the CAA apply only to ``mandatory Class I 
Federal areas.''
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     The initials CBI mean or refer to Confidential Business 
Information.
     The initials CPC mean or refer to CalPortland Cement.
     The words EPA, we, us or our mean or refer to the United 
States Environmental Protection Agency.
     The initials FIP mean or refer to Federal Implementation 
Plan.
     The initials NOX mean or refer to nitrogen oxides.
     The initials PCC mean or refer to Phoenix Cement Company.
     The initials SIP mean or refer to State Implementation 
Plan.
     The initials SNCR mean or refer to selective non-catalytic 
reduction.
     The initials SRPMIC mean or refer to Salt River Pima-
Maricopa Indian Community.

B. Docket

    The proposed action relies on documents, information, and data that 
are listed in the index on http://www.regulations.gov under docket 
number EPA-R09-OAR-2015-0846. Although listed in the index, some 
information is not publicly available (e.g., CBI). Certain other 
material, such as copyrighted material, is publicly available only in 
hard copy form. Publicly available docket materials are available 
either electronically at http://www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at 
the Planning Office of the Air Division, AIR-2, EPA Region 9, 75 
Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, CA 94105. The EPA requests that you 
contact the individual listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT 
section to view the hard copy of the docket. You may view the hard copy 
of the docket Monday through Friday, 9-5:00 PDT, excluding Federal 
holidays.

 C. Public Hearings

    If anyone contacts the EPA by July 15, 2016 requesting to speak at 
a public hearing, the EPA will schedule a public hearing and announce 
the hearing in the Federal Register. Contact Vijay Limaye at (415) 972-
3086 or at limaye.vijay@epa.gov to request a hearing or to determine if 
a hearing will be held.

II. Background

A. Summary of Statutory and Regulatory Requirements

    This section provides a brief overview of the requirements of the 
Clean Air Act (CAA) and the EPA's Regional Haze Rule, as they apply to 
this particular action. Please refer to our previous rulemakings on the 
Arizona Regional Haze State Implementation Plan (SIP) for additional 
background regarding the visibility protection provisions of the CAA 
and the Regional Haze Rule.\2\
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    \2\ 77 FR 42834, 42837-42839 (July 20, 2012), (Arizona Regional 
Haze ``Phase 1'' Rule) 77 FR 75704, 75709-75712 (December 21, 2012), 
(Arizona Regional Haze ``Phase 2'' Rule).
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    Congress created a program for protecting visibility in the 
nation's national parks and wilderness areas in section 169A of the 
1977 Amendments to the CAA. This section of the CAA establishes as a 
national goal the ``prevention of any future, and the remedying of any 
existing, impairment of visibility in mandatory Class I Federal areas 
which impairment results from man-made air pollution.'' \3\ 
Specifically, section 169A(b)(2)(A) of the CAA requires states to 
revise their SIPs to contain such measures as may be necessary to make 
reasonable progress towards the natural visibility goal. In the 1990 
CAA Amendments, Congress amended the visibility provisions in the CAA 
to focus attention on the problem of regional haze, which is visibility 
impairment produced by a multitude of sources and activities located 
across a broad geographic area.\4\ We promulgated the Regional Haze 
Rule in 1999, which requires states to develop and implement SIPs to 
ensure reasonable progress toward improving visibility in mandatory 
Class I Federal areas \5\ by reducing emissions that cause or 
contribute to regional haze.\6\
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    \3\ 42 U.S.C. 7491(a)(1).
    \4\ See CAA section 169B, 42 U.S.C. 7492.
    \5\ Areas designated as mandatory Class I Federal areas consist 
of national parks exceeding 6000 acres, wilderness areas, and 
national memorial parks exceeding 5000 acres, and all international 
parks that were in existence on August 7, 1977. 42 U.S.C. 7472(a). 
When we use the term ``Class I area'' in this action, we mean a 
``mandatory Class I Federal area.''
    \6\ See generally 40 CFR 51.308.
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B. History of FIP Requirements

    The Arizona Department of Environmental Quality (ADEQ) submitted a 
Regional Haze SIP to the EPA on February 28, 2011. The EPA promulgated 
two final rules approving in part and disapproving in part the Arizona 
Regional Haze SIP. The first final rule addressed the State's BART 
determinations for three power plants (Apache Generating Station, 
Cholla Power Plant, and Coronado Generating Station).\7\ The second 
final rule, which addressed the remaining elements of the Arizona 
Regional Haze SIP, included our disapproval of the State's analysis of 
reasonable progress measures for point sources of NOX.\8\
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    \7\ 77 FR 72512 (December 5, 2012).
    \8\ 78 FR 46142 (July 30, 2013).
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    In a third final rule, the EPA promulgated a FIP addressing the 
requirements of the Regional Haze Rule and interstate visibility 
transport for the remainder of the disapproved portions of Arizona's 
Regional Haze SIP.\9\ Among other things, the Arizona Regional Haze FIP 
includes requirements for NOX emission controls applicable 
to PCC Clarkdale Plant Kiln 4 and CPC Rillito Plant Kiln 4 under the 
reasonable progress requirements of the Regional Haze Rule. In 
particular, the EPA established two alternative emission limits for 
NOX on Kiln 4 of the Clarkdale Plant: A 2.12 lb/ton limit or 
an 810 tons/year limit. The lb/ton limit equates to the installation of 
SNCR, based on a 50 percent control efficiency, while the ton/year 
limit could be met either by installing SNCR or by maintaining recent 
production levels. We set an emission limit for NOX at the 
Rillito Plant of 3.46 lb/ton, based on a 35 percent control efficiency. 
The FIP also includes monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting 
requirements and a compliance deadline for the final NOX 
emission limits of December 31, 2018. Finally, in response to comments 
alleging that SNCR control efficiencies of 50 percent for Kiln 4 at the 
Clarkdale Plant and 35 percent for Kiln 4 at the Rillito Plant were 
unsupported and that SNCR was capable of achieving higher control 
efficiencies, we included in the final FIP requirements for control 
technology demonstration (``optimization requirements'') for the SNCR 
systems at both plants, which entail the collection of data that then 
could be used to determine if a higher control efficiency would be 
achievable.
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    \9\ 79 FR 52420 (September 3, 2014) (Arizona Regional Haze 
``Phase 3'' Rule).
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C. Petitions for Reconsideration and Stay

    PCC and CPC each submitted a petition to the EPA on November 3, 
2014, seeking administrative reconsideration and a partial stay of the 
final FIP under CAA section 307(d)(7)(B) and the Administrative 
Procedure Act.\10\ In their petitions, both companies raised multiple 
objections to the optimization requirements in the FIP. CPC asserted 
that the requirements were burdensome, expensive, and unnecessary, 
given that CPC had already

[[Page 42602]]

``evaluated fuels, fuel fineness, and the other characteristics listed 
in the Optimization Protocol'' as part of its effort to reduce energy 
usage.\11\ PCC stated that the requirements ``would be burdensome to 
implement'' and ``would substantially interfere with the cement 
manufacturing operations'' at the Clarkdale Plant.\12\ PCC further 
asserted that requirements would harm the Salt River Pima-Maricopa 
Indian Community (SRPMIC), which relies on revenue from the Clarkdale 
Plant.\13\
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    \10\ Letter from Verle C. Martz, PCC, to Regina McCarthy, EPA 
(November 3, 2014); Letter from Jay Grady, CPC, to Regina McCarthy, 
EPA (November 3, 2014).
    \11\ Letter from Jay Grady, CPC, to Regina McCarthy, EPA 
(November 3, 2014), attachment entitled ``Petition of CalPortland 
Company for Partial Reconsideration and Request for Administrative 
Stay of EPA Final Rule, Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation 
Plans; Arizona; Regional Haze and Interstate Visibility Transport 
Federal Implementation Plan Published at 79 FR 52420'' at 4.
    \12\ Letter from Verle C. Martz, PCC, to Regina McCarthy, EPA 
(November 3, 2014) at 2.
    \13\ We note that while the Clarkdale Plant is tribally owned, 
it is not located on tribal land. It is subject to State 
jurisdiction and is regulated by ADEQ.
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    The EPA sent letters to PCC and CPC on January 16, 2015 and January 
27, 2015, respectively, granting reconsideration of the optimization 
requirements pursuant to CAA section 307(d)(7)(B).\14\ Today's notice 
of proposed rulemaking constitutes the EPA's proposed action on 
reconsideration.
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    \14\ Letter from Jared Blumenfeld, EPA, to Verle C. Martz, PCC 
(January 16, 2015); Letter from Jared Blumenfeld, EPA, to Jay Grady, 
CPC (January 27, 2015).
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III. Proposed FIP Revision for the PCC Clarkdale Plant and the CPC 
Rillito Plant

A. The EPA's Evaluation of Control Technology Demonstration 
Requirements

    In light of the objections to the control technology demonstration 
requirements raised by CPC and PCC, we have re-evaluated the necessity 
of these requirements for the Rillito and Clarkdale plants. As 
explained in our September 3, 2014 final rule, the two objectives of 
the control technology demonstration requirements are to ensure that 
the NOX emission limits for the cement kilns are appropriate 
and to ensure that performance of the SNCR systems at the kilns is 
optimized.\15\ In developing this proposed action on reconsideration, 
we have considered whether it is possible to achieve these objectives 
through other means. In particular, we have identified additional 
information regarding SNCR performance and NOX emission 
rates from SNCR-equipped cement kilns that supports the existing 
NOX emission limits for the Rillito and Clarkdale kilns in 
the FIP. As a result, we no longer consider it necessary for PCC and 
CPC to adhere to the relatively detailed and prescriptive control 
technology demonstration requirements in the existing FIP. We are 
therefore proposing to remove the control technology demonstration 
requirements and are proposing a set of revised recordkeeping and 
reporting requirements that will require CPC and PCC to report 
information regarding SNCR system design and optimization in a less 
prescribed manner.
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    \15\ See 79 FR 52455-52456, 52462.
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1. Rillito Plant Kiln 4
    The EPA is proposing to remove the control technology demonstration 
requirements for Kiln 4 (the preheater/precalciner kiln) at the CPC 
Rillito Plant based on NOX emission data from a similar kiln 
at another CPC facility, the Mojave Plant. On December 15, 2011, CPC 
entered into a consent decree with the EPA, which required the 
installation of SNCR on the single preheater/precalciner kiln at the 
Mojave Plant. As part of the consent decree, this preheater/precalciner 
kiln at the Mojave Plant was subject to certain control technology 
demonstration requirements. Commonly referred to as a ``test and set'' 
approach, these consent decree provisions required CPC to design and 
install an SNCR system, develop a protocol for optimizing its 
operation, record NOX emission data over a long-term period, 
and propose a site-specific emission limit based on those results.
    As noted in the response to comments in our September 3, 2014 final 
rule,\16\ CPC submitted comments noting certain site-specific aspects 
of the Rillito Kiln 4 that indicated it could not achieve the same 
level of SNCR control efficiency as the Mojave Plant's kiln.\17\ In our 
final rule, we indicated that we found this analysis of Rillito Kiln 4 
to be generally reasonable, and based the final 3.46 lb/ton 
NOX limit on the 35% SNCR control efficiency estimated by 
CPC. While preparing our final rule, we examined the data used to 
develop the Mojave Plant optimization protocol, which indicated that 
the SNCR system at the Mojave Plant could be expected to achieve in the 
range of 30-60% control efficiency. Given that this range included 
control efficiencies that were significantly higher than the efficiency 
on which the final limit for Rillito Kiln 4 was based, these initial 
data from Mojave suggested that inclusion of control technology 
demonstration requirements in the final rule would be appropriate in 
order to allow us to evaluate whether or not Rillito Kiln 4 could be 
further optimized to achieve a more stringent control efficiency.
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    \16\ 79 FR 52462-52463.
    \17\ Letter from Jay Grady, CPC, to Thomas Webb, EPA (March 31, 
2014) and Exhibit 1, ``Evaluation of EPA's Reasonable Progress 
Analysis for Kiln 4 at CalPortland Company's Rillito Cement Plant.'' 
To summarize, CPC asserted that an SNCR system on Rillito Kiln 4 
would operate with less efficient exhaust mixing, lower ammonia 
injection temperatures, and lower oxygen concentrations, all of 
which would reduce SNCR effectiveness.
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    Following promulgation of the final rule on September 3, 2014, the 
Mojave Plant completed a 270-day demonstration period of its SNCR 
system.\18\ Based upon the consent decree methodology, the emission 
data from the demonstration period indicate a NOX limit for 
the Mojave Plant kiln of 2.70 lb/ton on a rolling 30-kiln-operating-day 
basis. This is approximately equal to an SNCR control efficiency of 
40%, which is on the lower end of the range that was suggested by the 
optimization protocol.\19\
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    \18\ The demonstration period extended from February to November 
2014, and was submitted to the EPA in early 2015. See spreadsheet 
``Mojave Demonstration Period Data.xlsx.''
    \19\ Based on a baseline pre-SNCR NOX emission rate 
of 4.5 lb/ton. This value was based on the highest of recent source 
test results, as summarized in spreadsheet ``CPC annual revised 
emissions chart.xlsx''
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    Given that the SNCR system on the Rillito Kiln 4 can be expected to 
underperform the Mojave Plant, and that the Mojave demonstration period 
data resulted in a limit reflecting an SNCR control efficiency of only 
40%,\20\ we find that the final NOX limit for Rillito Kiln 
4, which is based on a 35% control efficiency, is adequately supported 
by the available data. Accordingly, we no longer consider it necessary 
for CPC to meet the relatively detailed and prescriptive control 
technology demonstration requirements in the existing FIP. We are 
therefore proposing to remove the control technology demonstration 
requirements from the FIP. As explained in section III.B below, we are 
proposing to replace the control technology demonstration requirements 
with a set of revised recordkeeping and reporting requirements that 
will require CPC to report similar information regarding SNCR system 
design and optimization, but in a less prescribed manner.
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    \20\ We note that the difference between the two limits, 2.70 
lb/ton and 3.46 lb/ton, is larger than what would be suggested by a 
mere 5% difference in control efficiencies (i.e., between 40% and 
35%). This is primarily due to the different baseline emission rates 
of the two kilns, with the Rillito kiln having a much higher 
baseline NOX emission rate than Mojave, in addition to a 
lower SNCR effectiveness.

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[[Page 42603]]

2. Clarkdale Plant Kiln 4
    The EPA is also proposing to remove the control technology 
demonstration requirements for Kiln 4 (the preheater/precalciner kiln) 
at the PCC Clarkdale Plant based on the NOX emission data 
from the preheater/precalciner kiln at the CPC Mojave Plant. In the 
case of Clarkdale Kiln 4, the relatively recent construction of the 
kiln \21\ and its generally lower pre-control NOX emission 
rates \22\ indicate that an SNCR system on Clarkdale Kiln 4 would be 
able to achieve a lower NOX emission limit than the Mojave 
Plant. The final NOX limit promulgated for Clarkdale Kiln 4 
is 2.12 lb/ton, on a rolling 30-kiln-operating-day basis, which is 
based on a 50% control efficiency. As noted in the previous section, 
the emission data from the Mojave Plant demonstration period indicated 
a final NOX limit of 2.70 lb/ton on a rolling 30 kiln 
operating day basis, which corresponds to an SNCR control efficiency of 
approximately 40%. Given that a more stringent emission limit and SNCR 
control efficiency was not demonstrated at the Mojave Plant, we 
consider the final limit for Clarkdale Kiln 4 to be sufficiently 
stringent and supported by the available data. Accordingly, we no 
longer consider it necessary for PCC to adhere to the relatively 
detailed and prescriptive control technology demonstration requirements 
in the existing FIP. We are therefore proposing to remove the control 
technology demonstration requirements. As explained in section III.B 
below, we are proposing to replace the control technology demonstration 
requirements with a set of revised recordkeeping and reporting 
requirements that will require PCC to report similar information 
regarding SNCR system design and optimization, but in a less prescribed 
manner.
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    \21\ Clarkdale Kiln 4 was constructed in 2002. The Mojave 
preheater/precalciner kiln was constructed in 1981.
    \22\ For purposes of the reasonable progress determination, 
Clarkdale Kiln 4 has a baseline NOX emission rate of 3.25 
lb/ton. The Mojave baseline emission rate was 4.50 lb/ton.
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B. Revised Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements

    As described in III.A above, we no longer consider it necessary for 
CPC and PCC to comply with the relatively prescriptive and detailed 
optimization requirements established in our September 4, 2014 final 
rule. We are therefore proposing to remove the control technology 
demonstration requirements in the FIP for the Clarkdale and Rillito 
Plants, and instead are proposing certain revisions to the reporting 
and recordkeeping requirements that involve documentation and submittal 
of certain design and optimization activities that are part of a 
typical SNCR system installation. Specifically, we propose to require 
PCC and CPC to submit a report of SNCR design prior to commencing 
construction of the ammonia injection system at Clarkdale Kiln 4 and 
Rillito Kiln 4 respectively, including information regarding reagent 
type, locations selected for reagent injection, reagent injection rate, 
equipment arrangement, and kiln characteristics. In addition, PCC and 
CPC would be required to submit a report of SNCR debugging and process 
improvement activities, including a description of each process 
adjustment performed on the SNCR system, a discussion of whether the 
adjustment affected the NOX emission rate, a description of 
the range over which the adjustment was examined, and a discussion of 
how the adjustment will be reflected or accounted for in kiln operating 
practices. PCC and CPC would also be required to submit any CEMS data 
and kiln operating data collected during the debugging and process 
improvement activities. These proposed revisions are detailed in the 
proposed regulatory text at 40 CFR 52.145(k).

C. Non-Interference With Applicable Requirements

    The CAA requires that any revision to an implementation plan shall 
not be approved by the Administrator if the revision would interfere 
with any applicable requirement concerning attainment and reasonable 
further progress or any other applicable requirement of the CAA.\23\ 
Today's proposed revisions to the Arizona Regional Haze FIP would not 
affect any applicable requirements of the CAA because they would not 
alter the amount or timing of emission reductions from the Clarkdale 
Plant or the Rillito Plant. In particular, the proposed replacement of 
the control technology demonstration requirements with a series of 
recordkeeping and reporting requirements would not alter any of the 
applicable emission limitations, compliance determination 
methodologies, or compliance deadlines. Therefore, we propose to find 
that these revisions would comply with CAA section 110(l).
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    \23\ CAA Section 110(l), 42 U.S.C. 7410(l).
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IV. The EPA's Proposed Action

    For the reasons described above, the EPA proposes to revise the 
Arizona Regional Haze FIP to replace the control technology 
optimization requirements at the PCC Clarkdale Plant and the CPC 
Rillito Plant with a series of recordkeeping and reporting 
requirements. Please note that while the proposed regulatory text 
includes the entirety of 40 CFR 52.145(k), we are only proposing to 
revise those elements of the regulation related to optimization 
requirements.

V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Additional information about these statutes and Executive Orders 
can be found at http://www2.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive 
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

    This proposed action is not a ``significant regulatory action'' 
under the terms of Executive Order 12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993) 
and is therefore not subject to review under Executive Orders 12866 and 
13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011). This proposed rule applies to 
only one facility and is therefore not a rule of general applicability.

B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)

    This action does not impose an information collection burden under 
the provisions of the PRA, 44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq. Burden is defined at 
5 CFR 1320.3(b).

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)

    I certify that this action will not have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities under the RFA. This 
action will not impose any requirements on small entities. For purposes 
of assessing the impacts of today's proposed rule on small entities, 
small entity is defined as: (1) A small business as defined by the 
Small Business Administration's (SBA) regulations at 13 CFR 121.201; 
(2) a small governmental jurisdiction that is a government of a city, 
county, town, school district or special district with a population of 
less than 50,000; and (3) a small organization that is any not-for-
profit enterprise which is independently owned and operated and is not 
dominant in its field. Pursuant to 13 CFR 121.201, footnote 1, a firm 
is small if it is in NAICS 327310 (cement manufacturing) and the 
concern and its affiliates have no more than 750 employees. CPC is 
owned by Taiheiyo Cement Corporation, which has more

[[Page 42604]]

than 750 employees.\24\ PCC is a division of SRPMIC.\25\ For the 
purposes of the RFA, tribal governments are not considered small 
governments. 5 U.S.C. 601(5). Therefore SRPMIC is not a small entity.
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    \24\ See Taiheiyo Cement Corp. Annual Report 2015, pages 1 and 
36.
    \25\ Letter from Diane Enos, President, SRPMIC, to Jared 
Blumenfield, Regional Administrator, EPA Region 9 (December 20, 
2012).
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D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

    This action does not contain an unfunded mandate of $100 million or 
more as described in UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538. This action may 
significantly or uniquely affect small governments. As a tribal 
government, SRPMIC is considered a ``small government'' under UMRA. See 
2 U.S.C. 658(11) and (13). The EPA consulted with SRPMIC concerning the 
regulatory requirements that might significantly or uniquely affect 
it.\26\
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    \26\ See Summary of Consultation with SRPMIC Regarding Regional 
Haze FIP Reconsideration.
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E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    This action does not have federalism implications. It will not have 
substantial direct effects on the states, on the relationship between 
the national government and the states, or in the distribution of power 
and responsibilities among the various levels of government, as 
specified in Executive Order 13132.

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments

    This action has tribal implications. However, it will neither 
impose substantial direct compliance costs on federally recognized 
tribal governments, nor preempt tribal law. This proposed action, if 
finalized, would eliminate the SNCR optimization requirements that 
currently apply to the PCC Clarkdale Plant. The profits from the 
Clarkdale Plant are used to provide government services to SRPMIC's 
members.
    The EPA consulted with tribal officials under the EPA Policy on 
Consultation and Coordination with Indian Tribes early in the process 
of developing this regulation to permit them to have meaningful and 
timely input into its development.\27\
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    \27\ Id.
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G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those 
regulatory actions that concern environmental health or safety risks 
that the EPA has reason to believe may disproportionately affect 
children, per the definition of ``covered regulatory action'' in 
section 2-202 of the Executive Order. This action is not subject to 
Executive Order 13045 because it does not concern an environmental 
health risk or safety risk.

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

    This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211, because it is 
not a significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA)

    This rulemaking does not involve technical standards.

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental 
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    The EPA has determined that this proposed rule will not have 
disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental 
effects on minority or low-income populations because it does not 
change the level of environmental protection for any affected 
populations.

K. Determination Under Section 307(d)

    Pursuant to CAA section 307(d)(1)(B), the EPA proposes to determine 
that this action is subject to the provisions of section 307(d). 
Section 307(d) establishes procedural requirements specific to certain 
rulemaking actions under the CAA. Pursuant to CAA section 307(d)(1)(B), 
the revision of the provisions of the Arizona Regional Haze FIP that 
apply to the PCC Clarkdale Plant and the CPC Rillito Plant is subject 
to the requirements of CAA section 307(d), as it constitutes a revision 
to a FIP under CAA section 110(c).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by 
reference, Nitrogen oxides, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements, 
Visibility.

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

    Dated: June 15, 2016.
Alexis Strauss,
Acting Regional Administrator, EPA Region IX.
    Part 52, chapter I, title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations is 
proposed to be amended as follows:

PART 52--APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS

0
1. The authority citation for part 52 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

Subpart D--Arizona

0
2. Amend Sec.  52.145 by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (k); and
0
b. Removing ``Appendix A to Sec.  52.145--Cement Kiln Control 
Technology Demonstration Requirements''.
    The revision reads as follows:


Sec.  52.145  Visibility protection.

* * * * *
    (k) Source-specific federal implementation plan for regional haze 
at Clarkdale Cement Plant and Rillito Cement Plant--(1) Applicability. 
This paragraph (k) applies to each owner/operator of the following 
cement kilns in the state of Arizona: Kiln 4 located at the cement 
plant in Clarkdale, Arizona, and kiln 4 located at the cement plant in 
Rillito, Arizona.
    (2) Definitions. Terms not defined in this paragraph (k)(2) shall 
have the meaning given them in the Clean Air Act or EPA's regulations 
implementing the Clean Air Act. For purposes of this paragraph (k):
    Ammonia injection shall include any of the following: Anhydrous 
ammonia, aqueous ammonia or urea injection.
    Continuous emission monitoring system or CEMS means the equipment 
required by this section to sample, analyze, measure, and provide, by 
means of readings recorded at least once every 15 minutes (using an 
automated data acquisition and handling system (DAHS)), a permanent 
record of NOX emissions, diluent, or stack gas volumetric 
flow rate.
    Kiln operating day means a 24-hour period between 12 midnight and 
the following midnight during which the kiln operates at any time.
    Kiln operation means any period when any raw materials are fed into 
the kiln or any period when any combustion is occurring or fuel is 
being fired in the kiln.
    NOX means nitrogen oxides.
    Owner/operator means any person who owns or who operates, controls, 
or supervises a cement kiln identified in paragraph (k)(1) of this 
section.
    Unit means a cement kiln identified in paragraph (k)(1) of this 
section.
    (3) Emissions limitations. (i) The owner/operator of kiln 4 of the 
Clarkdale Plant, as identified in paragraph (k)(1) of this section, 
shall not

[[Page 42605]]

emit or cause to be emitted from kiln 4 NOX in excess of 
2.12 pounds of NOX per ton of clinker produced, based on a 
rolling 30-kiln operating day basis.
    (ii) The owner/operator of kiln 4 of the Rillito Plant, as 
identified in paragraph (k)(1) of this section, shall not emit or cause 
to be emitted from kiln 4 NOX in excess of 3.46 pounds of 
NOX per ton of clinker produced, based on a rolling 30-kiln 
operating day basis.
    (4) Alternative emissions limitation. In lieu of the emission 
limitation listed in paragraph (k)(3)(i) of this section, the owner/
operator of kiln 4 of the Clarkdale Plant may choose to comply with the 
following limitation by providing notification per paragraph 
(k)(13)(iv) of this section. The owner/operator of kiln 4 of the 
Clarkdale Plant, as identified in paragraph (k)(1) of this section, 
shall not emit or cause to be emitted from kiln 4 NOX in 
excess of 810 tons per year, based on a rolling 12 month basis.
    (5) Compliance date. (i) The owner/operator of each unit identified 
in paragraph (k)(1) of this section shall comply with the 
NOX emissions limitations and other NOX-related 
requirements of this paragraph (k)(3) of this section no later than 
December 31, 2018.
    (ii) If the owner/operator of the Clarkdale Plant chooses to comply 
with the emission limit of paragraph (k)(4) of this section in lieu of 
paragraph (k)(3)(i) of this section, the owner/operator shall comply 
with the NOX emissions limitations and other NOX-
related requirements of paragraph (k)(4) of this section no later than 
December 31, 2018.
    (6) [Reserved]
    (7) Compliance determination--(i) Continuous emission monitoring 
system. (A) At all times after the compliance date specified in 
paragraph (k)(5) of this section, the owner/operator of the unit at the 
Clarkdale Plant shall maintain, calibrate, and operate a CEMS, in full 
compliance with the requirements found at 40 CFR 60.63(f) and (g), to 
accurately measure concentration by volume of NOX, diluent, 
and stack gas volumetric flow rate from the in-line/raw mill stack, as 
well as the stack gas volumetric flow rate from the coal mill stack. 
The CEMS shall be used by the owner/operator to determine compliance 
with the emission limitation in paragraph (k)(3) of this section, in 
combination with data on actual clinker production. The owner/operator 
must operate the monitoring system and collect data at all required 
intervals at all times the affected unit is operating, except for 
periods of monitoring system malfunctions, repairs associated with 
monitoring system malfunctions, and required monitoring system quality 
assurance or quality control activities (including, as applicable, 
calibration checks and required zero and span adjustments).
    (B) At all times after the compliance date specified in paragraph 
(k)(5) of this section, the owner/operator of the unit at the Rillito 
Plant shall maintain, calibrate, and operate a CEMS, in full compliance 
with the requirements found at 40 CFR 60.63(f) and (g), to accurately 
measure concentration by volume of NOX, diluent, and stack 
gas volumetric flow rate from the unit. The CEMS shall be used by the 
owner/operator to determine compliance with the emission limitation in 
paragraph (k)(3) of this section, in combination with data on actual 
clinker production. The owner/operator must operate the monitoring 
system and collect data at all required intervals at all times the 
affected unit is operating, except for periods of monitoring system 
malfunctions, repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions, 
and required monitoring system quality assurance or quality control 
activities (including, as applicable, calibration checks and required 
zero and span adjustments).
    (ii) Methods. (A) The owner/operator of each unit shall record the 
daily clinker production rates.
    (B)(1) The owner/operator of each unit shall calculate and record 
the 30-kiln operating day average emission rate of NOX, in 
lb/ton of clinker produced, as the total of all hourly emissions data 
for the cement kiln in the preceding 30-kiln operating days, divided by 
the total tons of clinker produced in that kiln during the same 30-day 
operating period, using the following equation:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TP30JN16.028

Where:

E[D] = 30 kiln operating day average emission rate of 
NOX, lb/ton of clinker;
C[i] = Concentration of NOX for hour i, ppm;
Q[i] = volumetric flow rate of effluent gas for hour i, where C[i] 
and Q[i] are on the same basis (either wet or dry), scf/hr; 
Clarkdale?
P[i] = total kiln clinker produced during production hour i, ton/hr;
k = conversion factor, 1.194 x 10<-7> for NOX; and
n = number of kiln operating hours over 30 kiln operating days, n = 
1 up to 720.

    (2) For each kiln operating hour for which the owner/operator does 
not have at least one valid 15-minute CEMS data value, the owner/
operator must use the average emissions rate (lb/hr) from the most 
recent previous hour for which valid data are available. Hourly clinker 
production shall be determined by the owner/operator in accordance with 
the requirements found at 40 CFR 60.63(b).
    (C) At the end of each kiln operating day, the owner/operator shall 
calculate and record a new 30-day rolling average emission rate in lb/
ton clinker from the arithmetic average of all valid hourly emission 
rates for the current kiln operating day and the previous 29 successive 
kiln operating days.
    (D) Upon and after the completion of installation of ammonia 
injection on a unit, the owner/operator shall install, and thereafter 
maintain and operate, instrumentation to continuously monitor and 
record levels of ammonia injection for that unit.
    (8) Alternative compliance determination. If the owner/operator of 
the Clarkdale Plant chooses to comply with the emission limits of 
paragraph (k)(4) of this section, this paragraph may be used in lieu of 
paragraph (k)(7) of this section to demonstrate compliance with the 
emission limits in paragraph (k)(4) of this section.
    (i) Continuous emission monitoring system. At all times after the 
compliance date specified in paragraph (k)(5) of this section, the 
owner/operator of the unit at the Clarkdale Plant shall maintain, 
calibrate, and operate a CEMS, in full compliance with the requirements 
found at 40 CFR 60.63(f) and (g), to accurately measure concentration 
by volume of NOX, diluent, and stack gas volumetric flow 
rate from the in-line/raw mill stack, as well as the stack gas 
volumetric flow rate from the coal mill stack. The CEMS shall be used 
by the owner/operator to determine compliance with the emission 
limitation in paragraph (k)(3) of this section, in combination with 
data on actual clinker production. The owner/operator must operate the 
monitoring system and collect data at all required intervals at all 
times the affected unit is operating, except for periods of monitoring 
system malfunctions, repairs associated with monitoring system 
malfunctions, and required monitoring system quality assurance or 
quality control activities (including, as applicable, calibration 
checks and required zero and span adjustments).
    (ii) Method. Compliance with the ton per year NOX 
emission limit described in paragraph (k)(4) of this section shall be 
determined based on a rolling 12 month basis. The rolling 12-month 
NOX emission rate for the kiln shall be calculated within 30 
days following the end of each calendar month in accordance with the 
following procedure: Step one, sum the hourly

[[Page 42606]]

pounds of NOX emitted for the month just completed and the 
eleven (11) months preceding the month just completed, to calculate the 
total pounds of NOX emitted over the most recent twelve (12) 
month period for that kiln; Step two, divide the total pounds of 
NOX calculated from Step one by two thousand (2,000) to 
calculate the total tons of NOX. Each rolling 12-month 
NOX emission rate shall include all emissions that occur 
during all periods within the 12-month period, including emissions from 
startup, shutdown and malfunction.
    (iii) Upon and after the completion of installation of ammonia 
injection on the unit, the owner/operator shall install, and thereafter 
maintain and operate, instrumentation to continuously monitor and 
record levels of ammonia injection for that unit.
    (9) Recordkeeping. The owner/operator of each unit shall maintain 
the following records for at least five years:
    (i) All CEMS data, including the date, place, and time of sampling 
or measurement; emissions and parameters sampled or measured; and 
results.
    (ii) All records of clinker production.
    (iii) Daily 30-day rolling emission rates of NOX, 
calculated in accordance with paragraph (k)(7)(ii) of this section.
    (iv) Records of quality assurance and quality control activities 
for emissions measuring systems including, but not limited to, any 
records specified by 40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, Procedure 1.
    (v) Records of ammonia consumption, as recorded by the 
instrumentation required in paragraph (k)(7)(ii)(D) of this section.
    (vi) Records of all major maintenance activities conducted on 
emission units, air pollution control equipment, CEMS and clinker 
production measurement devices.
    (vii) Any other records specified by 40 CFR part 60, subpart F, or 
40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, Procedure 1.
    (10) Alternative recordkeeping requirements. If the owner/operator 
of the Clarkdale Plant chooses to comply with the emission limits of 
paragraph (k)(4) of this section, the owner/operator shall maintain the 
records listed in this paragraph in lieu of the records contained in 
paragraph (k)(9) of this section. The owner or operator shall maintain 
the following records for at least five years:
    (i) All CEMS data, including the date, place, and time of sampling 
or measurement; emissions and parameters sampled or measured; and 
results.
    (ii) Monthly rolling 12-month emission rates of NOX, 
calculated in accordance with paragraph (k)(8)(ii) of this section.
    (iii) Records of quality assurance and quality control activities 
for emissions measuring systems including, but not limited to, any 
records specified by 40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, Procedure 1.
    (iv) Records of ammonia consumption, as recorded by the 
instrumentation required in paragraph (k)(8)(iii) of this section.
    (v) Records of all major maintenance activities conducted on 
emission units, air pollution control equipment, and CEMS measurement 
devices.
    (vi) Any other records specified by 40 CFR part 60, subpart F, or 
40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, Procedure 1.
    (11) Reporting. All reports and notifications required under this 
paragraph (k) shall be submitted by the owner/operator to U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency, Region 9, Enforcement Division via 
electronic mail to aeo_r9@epa.gov and to Air Division via electronic 
mail to R9AirPermits@epa.gov. Reports required under this paragraph 
(k)(11)(iii) through (k)(11)(vii) of this section shall be submitted 
within 30 days after the applicable compliance date in paragraph (k)(5) 
of this section and at least semiannually thereafter, within 30 days 
after the end of a semiannual period. The owner/operator may submit 
reports more frequently than semiannually for the purposes of 
synchronizing reports required under this section with other reporting 
requirements, such as the title V monitoring report required by 40 CFR 
70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), but at no point shall the duration of a semiannual 
period exceed six months.
    (i) Prior to commencing construction of the ammonia injection 
system, the owner/operator shall submit to EPA a report describing the 
design of the SNCR system. This report shall include: Reagent type, 
description of the locations selected for reagent injection, reagent 
injection rate (expressed as a molar ratio of reagent to exhaust gas), 
equipment list, equipment arrangement, and a summary of kiln 
characteristics that were relied upon as the design basis for the SNCR 
system.
    (ii) Within 30 days following the NOX compliance date in 
paragraph (k)(5)(i) of this section, the owner/operator shall submit to 
EPA a report of any process improvement or debugging activities that 
were performed on the SNCR system. This report shall include: A 
description of each process adjustment performed on the SNCR system or 
the kiln, a discussion of whether the adjustment affected 
NOX emission rates, a description of the range (if 
applicable) over which the adjustment was examined, and a discussion of 
how the adjustment will be reflected or account for in kiln operating 
practices. If CEMS data or kiln operating data were recorded during 
process improvement or debugging activities, the owner/operator shall 
submit the recorded CEMS and kiln operating data with the report. The 
data shall be submitted in an electronic format consistent with and 
able to be manipulated by a spreadsheet program such as Microsoft 
Excel.
    (iii) The owner/operator shall submit a report that lists the daily 
30-day rolling emission rates for NOX.
    (iv) The owner/operator shall submit excess emissions reports for 
NOX limits. Excess emissions means emissions that exceed the 
emissions limits specified in paragraph (k)(3) of this section. The 
reports shall include the magnitude, date(s), and duration of each 
period of excess emissions, specific identification of each period of 
excess emissions that occurs during startups, shutdowns, and 
malfunctions of the unit, the nature and cause of any malfunction (if 
known), and the corrective action taken or preventative measures 
adopted.
    (v) The owner/operator shall submit CEMS performance reports, to 
include dates and duration of each period during which the CEMS was 
inoperative (except for zero and span adjustments and calibration 
checks), reason(s) why the CEMS was inoperative and steps taken to 
prevent recurrence, and any CEMS repairs or adjustments.
    (vi) The owner/operator shall also submit results of any CEMS 
performance tests specified by 40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, Procedure 1 
(Relative Accuracy Test Audits, Relative Accuracy Audits, and Cylinder 
Gas Audits).
    (vii) When no excess emissions have occurred or the CEMS has not 
been inoperative, repaired, or adjusted during the reporting period, 
the owner/operator shall state such information in the reports required 
by paragraph (k)(9)(ii) of this section.
    (12) Alternative reporting requirements. If the owner/operator of 
the Clarkdale Plant chooses to comply with the emission limits of 
paragraph (k)(4) of this section, the owner/operator shall submit the 
reports listed in this paragraph in lieu of the reports contained in 
paragraph (k)(11) of this section. All reports required under this 
paragraph (k)(12) shall be submitted within 30 days after the 
applicable compliance date in paragraph (k)(5) of this section and at 
least semiannually thereafter, within 30 days after the end of a 
semiannual period. The owner/operator may submit reports more 
frequently than semiannually for the purposes of synchronizing reports

[[Page 42607]]

required under this section with other reporting requirements, such as 
the title V monitoring report required by 40 CFR 70.6(a)(3)(iii)(A), 
but at no point shall the duration of a semiannual period exceed six 
months.
    (i) The owner/operator shall submit a report that lists the monthly 
rolling 12-month emission rates for NOX.
    (ii) The owner/operator shall submit excess emissions reports for 
NOX limits. Excess emissions means emissions that exceed the 
emissions limits specified in paragraph (k)(3) of this section. The 
reports shall include the magnitude, date(s), and duration of each 
period of excess emissions, specific identification of each period of 
excess emissions that occurs during startups, shutdowns, and 
malfunctions of the unit, the nature and cause of any malfunction (if 
known), and the corrective action taken or preventative measures 
adopted.
    (iii) The owner/operator shall submit CEMS performance reports, to 
include dates and duration of each period during which the CEMS was 
inoperative (except for zero and span adjustments and calibration 
checks), reason(s) why the CEMS was inoperative and steps taken to 
prevent recurrence, and any CEMS repairs or adjustments.
    (iv) The owner/operator shall also submit results of any CEMS 
performance tests specified by 40 CFR part 60, Appendix F, Procedure 1 
(Relative Accuracy Test Audits, Relative Accuracy Audits, and Cylinder 
Gas Audits).
    (v) When no excess emissions have occurred or the CEMS has not been 
inoperative, repaired, or adjusted during the reporting period, the 
owner/operator shall state such information in the reports required by 
paragraph (k)(9)(ii) of this section.
    (13) Notifications. (i) The owner/operator shall submit 
notification of commencement of construction of any equipment which is 
being constructed to comply with the NOX emission limits in 
paragraph (k)(3) of this section.
    (ii) The owner/operator shall submit semiannual progress reports on 
construction of any such equipment.
    (iii) The owner/operator shall submit notification of initial 
startup of any such equipment.
    (iv) By June 30, 2018, the owner/operator of the Clarkdale Plant 
shall notify EPA Region 9 by letter whether it will comply with the 
emission limits in paragraph (k)(3)(i) of this section or whether it 
will comply with the emission limits in paragraph (k)(4) of this 
section. In the event that the owner/operator does not submit timely 
and proper notification by June 30, 2018, the owner/operator of the 
Clarkdale Plant may not choose to comply with the alternative emission 
limits in paragraph (k)(4) of this section and shall comply with the 
emission limits in paragraph (k)(3)(i) of this section.
    (14) Equipment operation. (i) At all times, including periods of 
startup, shutdown, and malfunction, the owner or operator shall, to the 
extent practicable, maintain and operate the unit including associated 
air pollution control equipment in a manner consistent with good air 
pollution control practices for minimizing emissions. Pollution control 
equipment shall be designed and capable of operating properly to 
minimize emissions during all expected operating conditions. 
Determination of whether acceptable operating and maintenance 
procedures are being used will be based on information available to the 
Regional Administrator which may include, but is not limited to, 
monitoring results, review of operating and maintenance procedures, and 
inspection of the unit.
    (ii) After completion of installation of ammonia injection on a 
unit, the owner or operator shall inject sufficient ammonia to achieve 
compliance with NOX emission limits set forth in paragraph 
(k)(3) of this section for that unit while preventing excessive ammonia 
emissions.
    (15) Enforcement. Notwithstanding any other provision in this 
implementation plan, any credible evidence or information relevant as 
to whether the unit would have been in compliance with applicable 
requirements if the appropriate performance or compliance test had been 
performed, can be used to establish whether or not the owner or 
operator has violated or is in violation of any standard or applicable 
emission limit in the plan.

[FR Doc. 2016-15305 Filed 6-29-16; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


