
[Federal Register Volume 76, Number 39 (Monday, February 28, 2011)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 10817-10825]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Printing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2011-4376]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 52

[EPA-R09-OAR-2010-0995; FRL-9271-3]


Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; State of 
Nevada; PM-10; Determinations Regarding Attainment for the Truckee 
Meadows Nonattainment Area and Applicability of Certain Clean Air Act 
Requirements

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: EPA is proposing to make two separate and independent 
determinations regarding attainment for the Truckee Meadows PM-10 
nonattainment area in Washoe County, Nevada (Truckee Meadows area). 
First, EPA is proposing to determine that, based on complete and 
quality-assured air monitoring data for 1999-2001, the Truckee Meadows 
area did not attain the 24-hour National Ambient Air Quality Standard 
(``NAAQS'') for

[[Page 10818]]

particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than or equal to a 
nominal 10 micrometers (``PM-10'') by the applicable attainment date of 
December 31, 2001. Second, EPA is proposing to determine that the 
Truckee Meadows area is currently attaining the PM-10 NAAQS, based upon 
complete, quality-assured PM-10 air quality monitoring data during the 
years 2007-2009. Preliminary data through June 2010 contained in EPA's 
Air Quality System (``AQS'') show that no exceedances of the 24-hour 
NAAQS have been recorded in the Truckee Meadows area. Because the 
Truckee Meadows area is currently attaining the PM-10 NAAQS, EPA is 
proposing to determine that the obligation to make submissions to meet 
certain Clean Air Act (``CAA'' or ``the Act'') requirements related to 
attainment are not applicable for as long as the area continues to 
attain the PM-10 NAAQS.

DATES: Written comments must be received on or before March 30, 2011.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by docket number EPA-R09-
OAR-2010-0995, by one of the following methods:
    1. Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. Follow 
the on-line instructions for submitting comments.
    2. E-mail: Karina O'Connor at oconnor.karina@epa.gov.
    3. Fax: Karina O'Connor, Planning Office (AIR-2), at fax number 
(415) 947-3579.
    4. Mail or deliver: Karina O'Connor, Air Planning Office, (AIR-2), 
U.S. EPA Region IX, 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, California 
94105-3901. Hand or courier deliveries are accepted only between the 
hours of 8 a.m. and 4 p.m. weekdays except for legal holidays. Special 
arrangements should be made for deliveries of boxed information.
    Instructions: All comments will be included in the public docket 
without change and may be made available online at http://www.regulations.gov, including any personal information provided, 
unless the comment includes information claimed to be Confidential 
Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is 
restricted by statute. Do not submit information that you consider to 
be CBI or otherwise protected through http://www.regulations.gov or e-
mail. The http://www.regulations.gov Web site is an ``anonymous 
access'' system, which means EPA will not know your identity or contact 
information unless you provide it in the body of your comment. If you 
send an e-mail comment directly to EPA without going through http://www.regulations.gov your e-mail address will be automatically captured 
and included as part of the comment that is placed in the public docket 
and made available on the Internet. If you submit an electronic 
comment, EPA recommends that you include your name and other contact 
information in the body of your comment and with any disk or CD-ROM you 
submit. If EPA cannot read your comment due to technical difficulties 
and cannot contact you for clarification, EPA may not be able to 
consider your comment. Electronic files should avoid the use of special 
characters, any form of encryption, and be free of any defects or 
viruses.
    Docket: EPA has established a docket for this action under EPA-R09-
OAR-2010-0995. Generally, documents in the docket for this action are 
available electronically at http://www.regulations.gov or in hard copy 
at EPA Region IX, 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, California. While 
all documents in the docket are listed at http://www.regulations.gov, 
some information may be publicly available only at the hard copy 
location (e.g., copyrighted material, large maps, multi-volume reports) 
and some may not be available in either location (e.g., confidential 
business information (CBI)). To inspect the hard copy materials, please 
schedule an appointment during normal business hours with the contact 
listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT section.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Karina O'Connor, Planning Office (AIR-
2), U.S. EPA Region IX, 75 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, California 
94105-3901, telephone (775) 434-8176; fax (415) 947-3579; e-mail 
address oconnor.karina@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Throughout this document, the terms ``we,'' 
``us,'' and ``our'' refer to EPA. This supplementary information is 
organized as follows:

Table of Contents

I. Background
    A. The NAAQS for PM-10
    B. Designation, Classification and Air Quality Planning for PM-
10 for Truckee Meadows
    C. Attainment Determinations
II. Proposed Determination of Failure to Attain the Standard by the 
Applicable Attainment Date
III. Proposed Determination of Attainment Based on Current Air 
Monitoring Data
    A. Proposed Determination of Attainment
    B. Clean Data Policy: Applicability of Clean Air Act Planning 
Requirements
IV. EPA's Proposed Actions
V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

I. Background

A. The NAAQS for PM-10

    Particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of less than or 
equal to 10 micrometers (``PM-10'') is the subject of this proposed 
action. The NAAQS are limits for certain ambient air pollutants set by 
EPA to protect public health and welfare. PM-10 is among the ambient 
air pollutants for which EPA has established a health-based standard.
    On July 1, 1987 (52 FR 24634), EPA revised the particulate matter 
(``PM'') NAAQS to replace Total Suspended Particulate (``TSP'') with 
PM-10 as the PM indicator. The 24-hour primary PM-10 standard was set 
at 150 micrograms per cubic meter ([micro]g/m\3\) with no more than one 
expected exceedance per year. The annual primary PM-10 standard was set 
at 50 [micro]g/m\3\ as an annual arithmetic mean. The secondary PM-10 
standards were identical to the primary standards.\1\
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    \1\ EPA sets two types of NAAQS: ``primary'' NAAQS requisite to 
protect public health with an adequate margin of safety, and 
``secondary'' NAAQS requisite to protect public welfare, e.g., 
protection against visibility impairment and damage to animals, 
crops, vegetation, and buildings. See CAA 109(b).
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    On October 17, 2006, EPA revised the primary PM-10 standards by 
revoking the annual standard of 50 [micro]g/m\3\ but retained the 24-
hour standard of 150 [micro]g/m\3\. EPA also revoked the annual 
secondary PM-10 standard. The revised PM-10 NAAQS became effective on 
December 18, 2006. See 71 FR 61144 and 40 CFR 50.6. Thus, for PM-10, 
the level of both the primary and secondary 24-hour NAAQS \2\ is 150 
[micro]g/m\3\. 40 CFR 50.6(a).
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    \2\ We generally refer in this action to the primary and 
secondary 24-hour PM-10 NAAQS together in the singular (i.e., as 
``standard'').
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B. Designation, Classification and Air Quality Planning for PM-10 in 
Truckee Meadows

    The Truckee Meadows PM-10 nonattainment area \3\ lies in the far 
southern part of Washoe County, which is located in the northwestern 
portion of Nevada and is bordered by the State of California to the 
west and the State of Oregon to the north. Within the State of Nevada, 
the counties of Humboldt, Pershing, Storey, Churchill, Lyon, and the 
city of Carson City border Washoe County to the east and south. Located 
at an average elevation of 4,500 feet above sea level, Truckee Meadows 
encompasses a land area of

[[Page 10819]]

approximately 200 square miles and is surrounded by mountain ranges, 
which can lead to persistent wintertime temperature inversions where a 
layer of cold air is trapped in the valley. Warmer air above the 
inversion acts as a lid, containing and concentrating air pollutants at 
ground level.
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    \3\ The Truckee Meadows PM-10 nonattainment area, also known as 
the ``Reno planning area,'' is geographically identified in 40 CFR 
81.329 as ``hydrographic area 87.''
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    Much of Washoe County's urban population lives in the Truckee 
Meadows PM-10 nonattainment area. Anthropogenic activities, such as 
automobile use and residential wood combustion, are also concentrated 
here. In the last quarter of the twentieth century, Truckee Meadows 
experienced rapid growth in population, increasing from approximately 
150,000 in 1980 to approximately 330,000 in 2009, an increase of 120 
percent over that 29-year period. The two major cities in the area are 
Reno and Sparks.
    EPA initially designated the Truckee Meadows area as nonattainment 
for the TSP NAAQS in 1978. See 43 FR 8962, 9012 (March 3, 1978). 
Following EPA's 1987 revisions to the PM NAAQS to replace TSP with PM-
10 as the PM indicator, Truckee Meadows was designated and classified 
by operation of law under the CAA Amendments of 1990 as a moderate 
nonattainment area for the PM-10 NAAQS. See 56 FR 11101 (March 15, 
1991); 56 FR 56694 (November 6, 1991). Effective February 7, 2001, EPA 
determined that the area had failed to attain both the annual and the 
24-hour PM-10 NAAQS \4\ by the CAA mandated attainment date for 
moderate nonattainment areas of December 31, 1994, and reclassified the 
area under CAA 188(b)(2) by operation of law as a serious nonattainment 
area for the PM-10 NAAQS. See 66 FR 1268 (January 8, 2001).
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    \4\ Because the annual PM-10 NAAQS was revoked effective 
December 18, 2006 (71 FR 61144, October 17, 2006), we do not address 
the annual standard in this action.
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    Air quality planning and monitoring in Truckee Meadows is the 
responsibility of the Washoe County District Board of Health 
(``District''), which administers air quality programs in Washoe County 
through the District Health Department's Air Quality Management 
Division (``WCAQMD'').

C. Attainment Determinations

    A determination of whether an area's air quality meets the PM-10 
NAAQS is generally based upon the most recent three years of complete, 
quality-assured data gathered at established National Air Monitoring 
Stations (``NAMS'') or State and Local Air Monitoring Stations 
(``SLAMS'') in the nonattainment area and entered into the EPA Air 
Quality System (``AQS'') database. Data from air monitors operated by 
State/local agencies in compliance with EPA monitoring requirements 
must be submitted to the EPA AQS database. Heads of monitoring agencies 
annually certify that these data are accurate to the best of their 
knowledge. Accordingly, EPA relies primarily on data in its AQS 
database when determining the attainment status of areas. See 40 CFR 
50.6; 40 CFR part 50, appendix J; 40 CFR part 53; 40 CFR part 58, 
appendices A, C, D and E. All data are reviewed to determine the area's 
air quality status in accordance with 40 CFR part 50, appendix K.
    The 24-hour PM-10 standard is attained when the expected number of 
days per calendar year with a 24-hour concentration in excess of the 
standard (referred to herein as ``exceedance'' \5\), as determined in 
accordance with 40 CFR part 50, appendix K, is equal to or less than 
one.\6\ See 40 CFR 50.6 and 40 CFR part 50, appendix K. Three 
consecutive years of complete air quality data are necessary to show 
attainment of the 24-hour standard for PM-10. See 40 CFR part 50, 
appendix K. A complete year of air quality data, as referred to in 40 
CFR part 50, appendix K, includes all four calendar quarters with each 
quarter containing data from at least 75 percent of the scheduled 
sampling days. Id.
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    \5\ An exceedance is defined as a daily value that is above the 
level of the 24-hour standard (150 [micro]g/m\3\) after rounding to 
the nearest 10 [micro]g/m\3\ (i.e., values ending in 5 or greater 
are to be rounded up). Thus, a recorded value of 154 [micro]g/m\3\ 
would not be an exceedance since it would be rounded to 150 
[micro]g/m\3\ whereas a recorded value of 155 [micro]g/m\3\ would be 
an exceedance since it would be rounded to 160 [micro]g/m\3\. See 40 
CFR part 50, appendix K, section 1.0.
    \6\ The comparison with the allowable expected exceedance rate 
of one per year is made in terms of a number rounded to the nearest 
tenth (fractional values equal to or greater than 0.05 are to be 
rounded up; e.g., an exceedance rate of 1.05 would be rounded to 
1.1, which is the lowest rate for nonattainment). See 40 CFR part 
50, appendix K, section 2.1(b).
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II. Proposed Determination of Failure To Attain the Standard by the 
Applicable Attainment Date

    Sections 179(c)(1) and 188(b)(2) of the Act require for any PM-10 
nonattainment area that EPA determine, within 6 months following the 
applicable attainment date, whether the area attained the standard by 
that date. Under section 188(c)(2) of the Act, the latest applicable 
attainment date for a serious PM-10 nonattainment area that was 
initially designated as nonattainment by operation of law under the CAA 
Amendments of 1990, such as the Truckee Meadows area, was December 31, 
2001.
    To determine whether the Truckee Meadows area attained the PM-10 
standard by the applicable attainment date, we reviewed AQS monitoring 
data from the 1999-2001 period. The AQS database contains three 
consecutive years of complete, quality-assured and certified PM-10 data 
for the 1999-2001 period from the four monitors then operating in 
Truckee Meadows.\7\ We have reviewed the monitoring data for this 
period and found that the Truckee Meadows area experienced two 
exceedances of the PM-10 standard in 1999 which resulted in an average 
expected exceedance rate of more than one during the 1999-2001 period, 
thereby violating the PM-10 standard during that period.\8\
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    \7\ The four SLAMS operating in Truckee Meadows during the 1999-
2001 period were the ``Reno3,'' ``South Reno,'' ``Galletti,'' and 
``Sparks'' monitoring sites. As noted in the discussion in section 
III, below, two additional monitoring sites in Truckee Meadows, 
``Toll'' and ``Plumb-Kit,'' became operational as SLAMS in 2002 and 
2006, respectively. See 2009 Monitoring Network Plan at 21, 36, and 
U.S. EPA Monitor Description Report, Monitor ID: 32-031-0025-81102-
1, dated Nov. 1, 2010.
    \8\ Because the PM-10 sampling schedule in the Truckee Meadows 
area was once every six days during the 1999-2001 period, each of 
the exceedances measured in 1999 resulted in at least six expected 
exceedances for that calendar year. See U.S. EPA AQS Database and 40 
CFR part 50, appendix K, section 3.0. Thus, the expected number of 
days per year with levels exceeding the standard for the 1999-2001 
period (averaged over that three-year period) was more than one, 
which is a violation of the PM-10 NAAQS. See 40 CFR 50.6.
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    Table 1 provides the highest measured PM-10 concentrations and the 
number of expected exceedances in Truckee Meadows during the 1999-2001 
period.

[[Page 10820]]



                        Table 1--Monitored PM-10 Concentrations and Expected Exceedances
                                                   [1999-2001]
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                                                        Maximum  24-hour      Expected  exceedances    Expected
                                                          ([mu]g/m\3\)           (calendar year)     exceedances
        Monitoring site name and AQS number         ------------------------------------------------   (3-year
                                                      1999    2000    2001    1999    2000    2001     average)
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Reno3 (32-031-0016)................................     197     109      92       6       0       0        2.0
South Reno (32-031-0020)...........................      90      84     112       0       0       0          0
Galletti (32-031-0022).............................     215     100     113     6.4       0       0        2.1
Sparks (32-031-1005)...............................     114      68      78       0       0       0          0
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Source: U.S. EPA AQS database.

    Thus, based on complete, quality-assured and certified monitoring 
data from the 1999-2001 period, we propose to determine under sections 
179(c)(1) and 188(b)(2) of the Act that the Truckee Meadows serious PM-
10 nonattainment area failed to attain the PM-10 standard by the 
applicable attainment date of December 31, 2001.

III. Proposed Determination of Attainment Based on Current Air 
Monitoring Data

    The WCAQMD currently operates six SLAMS in the Truckee Meadows PM-
10 nonattainment area. See Washoe County Air Quality Management 
Division, ``2009 Ambient Air Monitoring Network Plan, Submitted to EPA 
Region IX July 1, 2010'' (``2009 Monitoring Network Plan''). The six 
PM-10 monitors in Truckee Meadows are located as follows. In the City 
of Reno, the ``Reno3'' and ``Galetti'' monitoring sites are located at 
the corners of paved parking lots, in downtown Reno and just south of 
Interstate 80, respectively; the ``Plumb-Kit'' site is in a graveled 
area close to residences, about half a mile west of Interstate 580 and 
the Reno-Tahoe International Airport; and the ``Toll'' site is located 
along State Route 341, at the corner of the Washoe County School 
District parking lot. In South Reno, the ``South Reno'' monitoring site 
is located in an unpaved, vegetated area at the northeast corner of the 
Nevada Energy campus. Finally, in the City of Sparks, the ``Sparks'' 
monitoring site is located along a paved parking lot about half a mile 
north of Interstate 80. See generally 2009 Monitoring Network Plan. All 
of these PM-10 monitor sites are operated on a one-in-six day schedule, 
except that at the Reno3 site the sampling frequency was recently 
increased to one-in-three days. Id. at 6.
    PM-10 data from these six monitors are quality-assured and reported 
by the WCAQMD to the EPA AQS database. Id. at 3. EPA has approved the 
WCAQMD's monitoring network as satisfying the network design and data 
adequacy requirements of 40 CFR part 58. See letter dated September 29, 
2009, from Joseph Lapka, Acting Manager, Air Quality Analysis Office, 
EPA Region 9, to Andrew Goodrich, Director, Washoe County District 
Health Department, Washoe County AQMD. The WCAQMD annually certifies 
that the data it submits to AQS are complete and quality-assured. See, 
e.g., letter dated April 23, 2010, from Craig Petersen, Senior Air 
Quality Specialist, WCAQMD, to David Lutz, Data Certification Contact, 
EPA, ``Re: CY2009 Ambient Air Monitoring Data Certification.''

A. Proposed Determination of Attainment

    The AQS database contains three consecutive years of complete, 
quality-assured and certified PM-10 data for the 2007-2009 period, the 
most recent three-year period of such data for Truckee Meadows. We have 
reviewed the monitoring data for this period and found that no 
exceedances of the PM-10 NAAQS were recorded in the Truckee Meadows 
area during this time. The expected exceedance rate for this period was 
less than one, which means that the area attained the 24-hour PM-10 
standard during this time.
    Table 2 provides the highest measured PM-10 concentrations and the 
number of expected exceedances in Truckee Meadows during the 2007-2009 
period.

                        Table 2--Monitored PM-10 Concentrations and Expected Exceedances
                                                   [2007-2009]
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                                                         Maximum 24-hour      Expected  exceedances    Expected
                                                          ([mu]g/m\3\)           (calendar year)     exceedances
        Monitoring site name and AQS number         ------------------------------------------------   (3-year
                                                      2007    2008    2009    2007    2008    2009     average)
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Reno3 (32-031-0016)................................      69      92      78       0       0       0          0
South Reno (32-031-0020)...........................      75     111      59       0       0       0          0
Galletti (32-031-0022).............................     130      87      91       0       0       0          0
Toll (32-031-0025).................................      43      64      46       0       0       0          0
Plumb-Kit (32-031-0030)............................     108      86      93       0       0       0          0
Sparks (32-031-1005)...............................      76     101      67       0       0       0          0
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Source: U.S. EPA AQS database.

    Thus, based on complete, quality-assured and certified monitoring 
data from the 2007-2009 period, we propose to find that the Truckee 
Meadows PM-10 nonattainment area is currently attaining the PM-10 
NAAQS. Preliminary data available to date for calendar year 2010 also 
indicate that no monitor in the area has measured an exceedance of the 
PM-10 standard during 2010. See Table 3.

[[Page 10821]]



                 Table 3--Monitored PM-10 Concentrations
                  [Preliminary data through June 2010]
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                                Maximum
                                                                24-hour
             Monitoring site name and AQS number                ([mu]g/
                                                                 m\3\)
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Reno3 (32-031-0016)..........................................        142
South Reno (32-031-0020).....................................         52
Galletti (32-031-0022).......................................         87
Toll (32-031-0025)...........................................         33
Plumb-Kit (32-031-0030)......................................         77
Sparks (32-031-1005).........................................         48
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Source: U.S. EPA AQS database. These data have not yet been certified as
  meeting EPA's quality-assurance or data completeness requirements.

    Moreover, historical data show consistent attainment in the Truckee 
Meadows area for each three-year period since 2000-2002. According to 
these data, Truckee Meadows experienced only one measured exceedance 
(not constituting a violation) of the PM-10 standard during the ten 
years since 2000, in 2005. No violations have occurred during this time 
period. EPA's review of quality-assured AQS data since 2000 thus 
confirms that the area attained the 24-hour PM-10 NAAQS in 2002 and has 
continued in attainment since then.\9\ See Table 4, below and Tables 2 
and 3, above.
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    \9\ Although the regular PM-10 sampling schedule at the Galletti 
monitor is once every six days, the single exceedance measured in 
2005 did not constitute a violation because the WCAQMD subsequently 
initiated every-day sampling at that monitor consistent with section 
3.1 of 40 CFR part 50, Appendix K. See U.S. EPA AQS Database; see 
also ``Redesignation Request and Maintenance Plan for the Truckee 
Meadows 24-Hour PM10 Non-Attainment Area,'' May 28, 2009, at 4, 5. 
Thus, the 2005 exceedance resulted in an average expected number of 
exceedances of 0.3 for each three-year period that includes 2005. 
For all other three-year periods between 2000 and 2006, the expected 
number of exceedances was 0.

                                     Table 4--Monitored PM-10 Concentrations
                                                   [2000-2006]
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                                                                       Maximum 24-hour ([mu]g/m\3\)
           Monitoring site name and AQS number           -------------------------------------------------------
                                                           2000    2001    2002    2003    2004    2005    2006
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Reno3 (32-031-0016).....................................     109      92      85      69      83      79      91
South Reno (32-031-0020)................................      84     112      45      61      54      71      52
Galletti (32-031-0022)..................................     100     113      97     108     126     172     118
Toll (32-031-0025)......................................       *       *      57      37      64      75      47
Plumb-Kit (32-031-0030).................................       *       *       *       *       *       *      91
Sparks (32-031-1005)....................................      68      78      76      85      90      73      76
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Source: U.S. EPA AQS database.
* Data not available in AQS because SLAMS not yet established.

    Thus, the area's monitoring history over the past ten years shows 
that the Truckee Meadows area has consistently met the 24-hour PM-10 
NAAQS, and the most recent three years of complete, quality-assured 
data show that the area continues to attain the PM-10 standard.

B. Clean Data Policy: Applicability of Clean Air Act Planning 
Requirements

    The air quality planning requirements for serious PM-10 
nonattainment areas, such as Truckee Meadows, are set out in part D, 
subparts 1 and 4 of title I of the Act. EPA has issued guidance in a 
General Preamble \10\ describing how we will review State 
implementation plans (SIPs) and SIP revisions submitted under title I 
of the Act, including those containing serious PM-10 nonattainment area 
SIP provisions.
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    \10\ ``General Preamble for the Implementation of Title I of the 
Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990,'' 57 FR 13498 (April 16, 1992), as 
supplemented at 57 FR 18070 (April 28, 1992).
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    The subpart 1 requirements include, among other things, provisions 
for reasonably available control measures (``RACM''), reasonable 
further progress (``RFP''), emissions inventories, a permit program for 
construction and operation of new or modified major stationary sources 
in the nonattainment area (``NSR''), contingency measures, conformity, 
and additional SIP revisions providing for attainment where EPA 
determines that the area has failed to attain the standard by the 
applicable attainment date.
    Subpart 4 requirements in CAA section 189 apply specifically to PM-
10 nonattainment areas. The requirements for serious PM-10 
nonattainment areas include: (1) An NSR program defining ``major 
source'' or ``major stationary source'' to include any source that 
emits or has the potential to emit at least 70 tons per year of PM-10; 
(2) an attainment demonstration; (3) provisions for RACM; (4) 
provisions for Best Available Control Measures (``BACM''); (5) 
quantitative milestones demonstrating RFP toward attainment by the 
applicable attainment date; (6) in the case of a serious nonattainment 
area that fails to attain by the applicable attainment date, plan 
revisions providing for attainment and for annual reductions in PM-10 
or PM-10 precursor emissions within the area of not less than five 
percent of the amount of such emissions as reported in the most recent 
inventory (``189(d) plans''); and (7) provisions to ensure that the 
control requirements applicable to major stationary sources of PM-10 
also apply to major stationary sources of PM-10 precursors except where 
the Administrator has determined that such sources do not contribute 
significantly to PM-10 levels which exceed the NAAQS in the area.
    For nonattainment areas where EPA determines that monitored data 
show that the NAAQS have already been achieved, EPA's interpretation, 
upheld by the Courts, is that the obligation to submit certain 
requirements of part D, subparts 1, 2 and 4 of the Act are suspended 
for so long as the area continues to attain. These include requirements 
for attainment demonstrations, RFP, RACM, and contingency measures, 
because these provisions have the purpose of helping achieve attainment 
of the NAAQS. Certain other obligations for PM-10 nonattainment areas, 
however, are not suspended, such as the NSR and BACM requirements.
    This interpretation of the CAA is known as the Clean Data Policy. 
It is the subject of several EPA memoranda and regulations, and 
numerous rulemakings

[[Page 10822]]

that have been published in the Federal Register over more than fifteen 
years. EPA finalized the statutory interpretation set forth in the 
policy in its final 8-hour ozone implementation rule, 40 CFR 51.918, as 
part of its ``Final Rule to Implement the 8-hour Ozone National Ambient 
Air Quality Standard--Phase 2'' (Phase 2 Final Rule). See discussion in 
the preamble to the rule at 70 FR 71612, 71645-46 (November 29, 2005). 
The DC Circuit upheld this Clean Data regulation as a valid 
interpretation of the CAA. NRDC v. EPA, 571 F. 3d 1245 (DC Cir. 2009). 
EPA also finalized its interpretation in an implementation rule for the 
NAAQS for particulate matter of 2.5 microns or less (PM2.5). 
40 CFR 51.1004(c). Thus, EPA has codified the policy when it 
established final rules governing implementation of new or revised 
NAAQS for the pollutants. 70 FR 71612, 71644-46 (November 29, 2005); 72 
FR 20585, 20665 (April 25, 2007) (PM2.5 Implementation 
Rule). Otherwise, EPA applies the policy in individual rulemakings 
related to specific nonattainment areas. See, e.g., 75 FR 27944 (May 
19, 2010) (determination of attainment of the PM-10 standard in Coso 
Junction, California); 75 FR 6571 (February 10, 2010) (determination of 
attainment of the 1-hour ozone standard in Baton Rouge, Louisiana).
    In its many applications of the Clean Data Policy interpretation to 
PM-10, EPA has explained that the legal bases set forth in detail in 
our Phase 2 Final rule, our May 10, 1995 memorandum from John S. Seitz, 
entitled ``Reasonable Further Progress, Attainment Demonstration, and 
Related Requirements for Ozone Nonattainment Areas Meeting the Ozone 
National Ambient Air Quality Standard,'' our PM2.5 
Implementation Rule, and our December 14, 2004 memorandum from Stephen 
D. Page entitled ``Clean Data Policy for the Fine Particle National 
Ambient Air Quality Standards,'' are equally pertinent to the 
interpretation of provisions of subparts 1 and 4 applicable to PM-10. 
See, e.g., 71 FR 6352 (February 8, 2006) (Ajo, Arizona area); 71 FR 
13021 (March 14, 2006) (Yuma, Arizona area); 71 FR 40023 (July 14, 
2006) (Weirton, West Virginia area); 71 FR 44920 (August 8, 2006) 
(Rillito, Arizona area); 71 FR 63642 (October 30, 2006) (San Joaquin 
Valley, California area); 72 FR 14422 (March 28, 2007) (Miami, Arizona 
area); and 75 FR 27944 (May 19, 2010) (Coso Junction, California area). 
EPA's interpretation that the obligation to submit an attainment 
demonstration, RACM, RFP contingency measures, and other measures 
related to attainment under part D of title I of the CAA, pertains 
whether the standard is PM-10, ozone or PM-2.5.
    In our proposed and final rulemakings determining that the San 
Joaquin Valley nonattainment area attained the PM-10 standard, EPA set 
forth at length our rationale for applying the Clean Data Policy to PM-
10. The Ninth Circuit subsequently upheld this rulemaking, and 
specifically EPA's Clean Data Policy in the context of the PM-10 
standard. Latino Issues Forum v. EPA, Nos. 06-75831 and 08-71238 (9th 
Cir.), Memorandum Opinion, March 2, 2009. In rejecting petitioner's 
challenge to the Clean Data Policy for PM-10, the Court stated:

    As the EPA rationally explained, if an area is in compliance 
with PM-10 standards, then further progress for the purpose of 
ensuring attainment is not necessary.

    EPA noted in its prior PM-10 rulemakings that the reasons for 
relieving an area that has attained the relevant standard of certain 
obligations under part D, subparts 1 and 2, apply equally to part D, 
subpart 4, which contains specific attainment demonstration and RFP 
provisions for PM-10 nonattainment areas. In EPA's Phase 2 8-Hour Ozone 
Final Rule and ozone and PM-2.5 Clean Data memoranda, EPA established 
that it is reasonable to interpret provisions regarding RFP and 
attainment demonstrations, along with related requirements, so as not 
to require SIP submissions if an area subject to those requirements is 
already attaining the NAAQS (i.e. attainment of the NAAQS is 
demonstrated with three consecutive years of complete, quality-assured 
air quality monitoring data). Every U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals that 
has considered the Clean Data Policy has upheld EPA rulemakings 
applying its interpretation, for both ozone and PM-10. Sierra Club v. 
EPA, 99 F.3d 1551 (10th Cir. 1996); Sierra Club v. EPA, 375 F. 3d 537 
(7th Cir. 2004); Our Children's Earth Foundation v. EPA, N. 04-73032 
(9th Cir. June 28, 2005) (memorandum opinion), Latino Issues Forum, 
supra.
    It has been EPA's longstanding interpretation that the general 
provisions of part D, subpart 1 of the Act (sections 171 and 172) do 
not require the submission of SIP revisions concerning RFP for areas 
already attaining the ozone NAAQS. In the General Preamble, we stated:

    [R]equirements for RFP will not apply in evaluating a request 
for redesignation to attainment since, at a minimum, the air quality 
data for the area must show that the area has already attained. 
Showing that the State will make RFP towards attainment will, 
therefore, have no meaning at that point.

57 FR at 13564. EPA's prior determinations of attainment for PM-10, 
e.g., for the San Joaquin Valley and Coso Junction areas in California, 
make clear that the same reasoning applies to the PM-10 provision of 
part D, subpart 4. See 71 FR 40952 and 71 FR 63642 (proposed and final 
determination of attainment for San Joaquin Valley); 75 FR 13710 and 75 
FR 27944 (proposed and final determination of attainment for Coso 
Junction).
    With respect to RFP, section 171(1) states that, for purposes of 
part D of title I, RFP ``means such annual incremental reductions in 
emissions of the relevant air pollutant as are required by this part or 
may reasonably be required by the Administrator for the purpose of 
ensuring attainment of the applicable NAAQS by the applicable date.'' 
Thus, whether dealing with the general RFP requirement of section 
172(c)(2), the ozone-specific RFP requirements of sections 182(b) and 
(c), or the specific RFP requirements for PM-10 areas of part D, 
subpart 4, section 189(c)(1), the stated purpose of RFP is to ensure 
attainment by the applicable attainment date. Section 189(c)(1) states 
that:

    Plan revisions demonstrating attainment submitted to the 
Administrator for approval under this subpart shall contain 
quantitative milestones which are to be achieved every 3 years until 
the area is redesignated attainment and which demonstrate reasonable 
further progress, as defined in section 7501(1) of this title, 
toward attainment by the applicable date.

    Although this section states that revisions shall contain 
milestones which are to be achieved until the area is redesignated to 
attainment, such milestones are designed to show reasonable further 
progress ``toward attainment by the applicable attainment date,'' as 
defined by section 171. Thus, it is clear that once the area has 
attained the standard, no further milestones are necessary or 
meaningful. This interpretation is supported by language in section 
189(c)(3), which mandates that a State that fails to achieve a 
milestone must submit a plan that assures that the State will achieve 
the next milestone or attain the NAAQS if there is no next milestone. 
Section 189(c)(3) assumes that the requirement to submit and achieve 
milestones does not continue after attainment of the NAAQS.
    In the General Preamble, we noted with respect to section 189(c) 
that the purpose of the milestone requirement ``is `to provide for 
emission reductions adequate to achieve the standards by the applicable 
attainment date' (H.R. Rep.

[[Page 10823]]

No. 490 101st Cong., 2d Sess. 267 (1990)).'' 57 FR 13539 (April 16, 
1992). If an area has in fact attained the standard, the stated purpose 
of the RFP requirement will have already been fulfilled.\11\ EPA took 
this position with respect to the general RFP requirement of section 
172(c)(2) in the April 16, 1992 General Preamble and also in the May 
10, 1995 memorandum with respect to the requirements of sections 182(b) 
and (c). In our prior applications of the Clean Data Policy to PM-10, 
we have extended that interpretation to the specific provisions of part 
D, subpart 4. See, e.g., 71 FR 40952 and 71 FR 63642 (proposed and 
final determination of attainment for San Joaquin Valley); 75 FR 13710 
and 75 FR 27944 (proposed and final determination of attainment for 
Coso Junction).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \11\ Thus, we believe that it is a distinction without a 
difference that section 189(c)(1) speaks of the RFP requirement as 
one to be achieved until an area is ``redesignated attainment,'' as 
opposed to section 172(c)(2), which is silent on the period to which 
the requirement pertains, or the ozone nonattainment area RFP 
requirements in sections 182(b)(1) or 182(c)(2), which refer to the 
RFP requirements as applying until the ``attainment date,'' since 
section 189(c)(1) defines RFP by reference to section 171(1) of the 
Act. Reference to section 171(1) clarifies that, as with the general 
RFP requirements in section 172(c)(2) and the ozone-specific 
requirements of section 182(b)(1) and 182(c)(2), the PM-specific 
requirements may only be required ``for the purpose of ensuring 
attainment of the applicable national ambient air quality standard 
by the applicable date.'' 42 U.S.C. section 7501(1). As discussed in 
the text of this rulemaking, EPA interprets the RFP requirements, in 
light of the definition of RFP in section 171(1), and incorporated 
in section 189(c)(1), to be a requirement that no longer applies 
once the standard has been attained.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In the General Preamble, we stated, in the context of a discussion 
of the requirements applicable to the evaluation of requests to 
redesignate nonattainment areas to attainment, that the ``requirements 
for RFP will not apply in evaluating a request for redesignation to 
attainment since, at a minimum, the air quality data for the area must 
show that the area has already attained. Showing that the State will 
make RFP towards attainment will, therefore, have no meaning at that 
point.'' 57 FR 13564. See also our September 4, 1992 memorandum from 
John Calcagni, entitled ``Procedures for Processing Requests to 
Redesignate Areas to Attainment'' (Calcagni memo), p. 6.
    Similarly, the requirements of section 189(c)(2) with respect to 
milestones no longer apply so long as an area has attained the 
standard. Section 189(c)(2) provides in relevant part that:

    Not later than 90 days after the date on which a milestone 
applicable to the area occurs, each State in which all or part of 
such area is located shall submit to the Administrator a 
demonstration * * * that the milestone has been met.

    Where the area has attained the standard and there are no further 
milestones, there is no further requirement to make a submission 
showing that such milestones have been met. As noted above, this is 
consistent with the position that EPA took with respect to the general 
RFP requirement of section 172(c)(2) in the April 16, 1992 General 
Preamble and also in the May 10, 1995 Seitz memorandum with respect to 
the requirements of section 182(b) and (c). In the May 10, 1995 Seitz 
memorandum, EPA also noted that section 182(g), the milestone 
requirement of subpart 2, which is analogous to provisions in section 
189(c), is suspended upon a determination that an area has attained. 
The memorandum, also citing additional provisions related to attainment 
demonstration and RFP requirements, stated:

    Inasmuch as each of these requirements is linked with the 
attainment demonstration or RFP requirements of section 182(b)(1) or 
182(c)(2), if an area is not subject to the requirement to submit 
the underlying attainment demonstration or RFP plan, it need not 
submit the related SIP submission either.

1995 Seitz memorandum at 5.
    With respect to the attainment demonstration requirements of 
section 189(a)(1)(B), an analogous rationale leads to the same result. 
Section 189(a)(1)(B) requires that the plan provide for ``a 
demonstration (including air quality modeling) that the [SIP] will 
provide for attainment by the applicable attainment date * * *.'' As 
with the RFP requirements, if an area is already monitoring attainment 
of the standard, EPA believes there is no need for an area to make a 
further submission containing additional measures to achieve 
attainment. This is also consistent with the interpretation of the 
section 172(c) requirements provided by EPA in the General Preamble, 
the Page memo, and the section 182(b) and (c) requirements set forth in 
the Seitz memo. As EPA stated in the General Preamble, no other 
measures to provide for attainment would be needed by areas seeking 
redesignation to attainment since ``attainment will have been 
reached.'' 57 FR at 13564.
    Other SIP submission requirements are linked with these attainment 
demonstration and RFP requirements, and similar reasoning applies to 
them. These requirements include the contingency measure requirements 
of sections 172(c)(9) and 182(c)(9). We have interpreted the 
contingency measure requirements of sections 172(c)(9) and 182(c)(9) as 
no longer applying when an area has attained the standard because those 
``contingency measures are directed at ensuring RFP and attainment by 
the applicable date.'' 57 FR at 13564; Seitz memo, pp. 5-6.
    Both sections 172(c)(1) and 189(a)(1)(C) require ``provisions to 
assure that reasonably available control measures'' (i.e., RACM) are 
implemented in a nonattainment area. The General Preamble, 57 FR at 
13560 (April 16, 1992), states that EPA interprets section 172(c)(1) so 
that RACM requirements are a ``component'' of an area's attainment 
demonstration. Thus, for the same reason the attainment demonstration 
no longer applies by its own terms, the requirement for RACM no longer 
applies. EPA has consistently interpreted this provision to require 
only implementation of potential RACM measures that could contribute to 
reasonable further progress or to attainment. General Preamble, 57 FR 
at 13498. Thus, where an area is already attaining the standard, no 
additional RACM measures are required.\12\ EPA is interpreting section 
189(a)(1)(C) consistent with its interpretation of section 
172(c)(1).\13\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \12\ The EPA's interpretation that the statute only requires 
implementation of RACM measures that would advance attainment was 
upheld by the United States Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit 
(Sierra Club v. EPA, 314 F.3d 735, 743-745 (5th Cir. 2002), and by 
the United States Court of Appeals for the DC Circuit (Sierra Club 
v. EPA, 294 F.3d 155, 162-163 (DC Cir. 2002)).
    \13\ EPA does not, however, interpret the BACM requirement in 
section 189(b)(1)(B) of the CAA as being suspended upon a 
determination of attainment. We note that we have approved several 
PM-10 control measures into the Truckee Meadows portion of the 
Nevada SIP as satisfying BACM control requirements. See 71 FR 14386 
(March 22, 2006), 72 FR 25969 (May 8, 2007), and 72 FR 33397 (June 
18, 2007).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Finally, in the case of a serious PM-10 nonattainment area that 
does not attain the PM-10 standard by the applicable attainment date, 
sections 189(d) and section 179(d) require the State to submit 
additional SIP revisions providing for attainment of the standard. 
Section 189(d), which applies to any serious PM-10 nonattainment area 
that fails to attain by the applicable attainment date, requires the 
State to submit ``plan revisions which provide for attainment of the 
PM-10 air quality standard and, from the date of such submission until 
attainment, for an annual reduction in PM-10 or PM-10 precursor 
emissions within the area of not less than 5 percent'' of inventoried 
PM-10 and PM-10 precursor emissions. Section 179(d), which applies to 
any nonattainment area for which EPA has made a determination under 
section 179(c) of failure to attain by the applicable attainment date, 
requires the State to submit plan revisions meeting

[[Page 10824]]

the requirements of CAA sections 110 and 172 and ``such additional 
measures as the Administrator may reasonably prescribe'' including 
measures that can be feasibly implemented in the area.
    As discussed above in section II of this document, the Truckee 
Meadows is a serious nonattainment area that did not attain the PM-10 
standard by the applicable attainment date of December 31, 2001. See 
CAA 188(c)(2).\14\ However, as discussed in section III.A of this 
document, the area did attain the PM-10 standard beginning in 2002, and 
has continued in attainment during the decade that followed. As 
explained at length in the memoranda and rulemakings cited above, the 
obligations to submit SIPs for RFP, attainment demonstrations, and 
certain related SIP submissions are suspended once EPA determines an 
area has attained the standard, since their purpose, to achieve 
attainment, will already have been fulfilled. Section 189(d) requires 
submittal of plan revisions ``which provide for attainment of the PM-10 
air quality standard'' and annual emission reductions of at least five 
percent ``until attainment.'' Similarly, section 179(d) requires 
submittal of plan revisions meeting the requirements of section 110 and 
section 172, which requires generally that submitted plan provisions 
``provide for attainment of the national primary ambient air quality 
standards.'' Because these requirements apply to nonattainment areas 
that have failed to attain a standard by the applicable attainment date 
and are directed at achieving attainment, we believe that the 
obligations to submit plans under these requirements are suspended when 
EPA determines that the area has attained the standard, for as long as 
the area continues to attain. Thus, based on our proposed determination 
that the Truckee Meadows area is now attaining the PM-10 NAAQS in 
section III.A above, we propose to suspend the requirement for 
additional SIP submittals under sections 189(d) and 179(d).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ Truckee Meadows experienced two exceedances of the PM-10 
NAAQS in 1999 which resulted in an expected number of days per year 
with levels above 150 [micro]g/m\3\ for the 1999-2001 period 
(averaged over that three-year period) of more than one, thereby 
violating the PM-10 standard during that period. See U.S. EPA AQS 
Database; 40 CFR 50.6.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    We emphasize that the suspension of the obligation to submit SIP 
revisions concerning these RFP, attainment demonstration, RACM, and 
other related requirements exists only for as long as the Truckee 
Meadows area continues to monitor attainment of the standard. If EPA 
determines, after notice-and-comment rulemaking, that the area has 
monitored a violation of the NAAQS, the basis for the requirements 
being suspended would no longer exist. In that case, the area would 
again be subject to a requirement to submit the pertinent SIP revision 
or revisions and would need to address those requirements. Thus, a 
final determination that the area need not submit one of the pertinent 
SIP submittals amounts to no more than a suspension of the requirements 
for so long as the area continues to attain the standard. Only if and 
when EPA redesignates the area to attainment would the area be relieved 
of these submission obligations. Attainment determinations under the 
Clean Data policy do not shield an area from obligations unrelated to 
attainment in the area, such as provisions to address pollution 
transport.
    As set forth above, based on our proposed determination that the 
Truckee Meadows area is currently attaining the PM-10 NAAQS (see 
section III.A above), we propose to find that the obligations to submit 
planning provisions to meet the requirements for an attainment 
demonstration, reasonable further progress plans, reasonably available 
control measures, contingency measures, and additional SIP revisions 
under sections 189(d) and 179(d) no longer apply for so long as the 
area continues to monitor attainment of the PM-10 NAAQS.\15\ If in the 
future, EPA determines after notice-and-comment rulemaking that the 
area again violates the PM-10 NAAQS, the basis for the attainment 
demonstration, RFP, RACM, contingency measure, and additional section 
189(d) and 179(d) plan requirements being suspended would no longer 
exist. In that event, we would notify the State that we have determined 
that the area is no longer attaining the PM-10 standard and provide 
notice to the public in the Federal Register.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \15\ We note that our application of the Clean Data Policy to 
Truckee Meadows is consistent with actions we have taken for other 
PM-10 nonattainment areas that we also determined were attaining the 
standard. See 71 FR 6352 (February 8, 2006) (Ajo, Arizona area); 71 
FR 13021 (March 14, 2006) (Yuma, Arizona area); 71 FR 40023 (July 
14, 2006) (Weirton, West Virginia area); 71 FR 44920 (August 8, 
2006) (Rillito, Arizona area); 71 FR 63642 (October 30, 2006) (San 
Joaquin Valley, California area); 72 FR 14422 (March 28, 2007) 
(Miami, Arizona area); and 75 FR 27944 (May 19, 2010) (Coso 
Junction, California).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

IV. EPA's Proposed Actions

    Pursuant to CAA sections 188(b)(2) and 179(c)(1) and based on 
complete, quality-assured data for the 1999-2001 period meeting the 
requirements of 40 CFR part 50, appendix K, we propose to determine 
that the Truckee Meadows nonattainment area failed to attain the 24-
hour PM-10 NAAQS by the applicable attainment date of December 31, 
2001. Failure by a ``serious'' nonattainment area such as Truckee 
Meadows to attain the PM-10 NAAQS by the applicable attainment date 
triggers a requirement for the State to submit additional plan 
revisions providing for attainment under CAA sections 189(d) and 
179(d).
    Separately and independently of the determination proposed above, 
we also propose to determine, based on the most recent three years of 
complete, quality-assured data meeting the requirements of 40 CFR part 
50, appendix K, that the Truckee Meadows area is currently attaining 
the 24-hour PM-10 NAAQS. In conjunction with and based upon our 
proposed determination that Truckee Meadows is currently attaining the 
standard, EPA proposes to determine that the obligation to submit the 
following CAA requirements is not applicable for so long as the area 
continues to attain the PM-10 standard: The part D, subpart 4 
obligations to provide an attainment demonstration pursuant to section 
189(a)(1)(B), the RACM provisions of section 189(a)(1)(C), the RFP 
provisions of section 189(c), the requirement for 189(d) plans, the 
attainment demonstration, RACM, RFP and contingency measure provisions 
of part D, subpart 1 contained in section 172 of the Act, and the 
requirement for additional plan revisions in section 179(d) of the Act.
    This proposed action, if finalized, would not constitute a 
redesignation to attainment under CAA section 107(d)(3) because we 
would not yet have approved a maintenance plan as required under 
section 175A of the CAA or determined that the area has met the other 
CAA requirements for redesignation. The classification and designation 
status in 40 CFR part 81 would remain serious nonattainment for this 
area until such time as EPA determines that Nevada meets the CAA 
requirements for redesignation of the Truckee Meadows area to 
attainment.

V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    This action proposes to make two separate determinations regarding 
attainment based on air quality, and would, if finalized, result in the 
suspension of certain Federal requirements, and/or would not impose 
additional requirements beyond those imposed by State law or by the 
Clean

[[Page 10825]]

Air Act. For that reason, this proposed action:
     Is not a ``significant regulatory action'' subject to 
review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Order 
12866 (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993);
     Does not impose an information collection burden under the 
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
     Is certified as not having a significant economic impact 
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
     Does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or 
uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded 
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
     Does not have Federalism implications as specified in 
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
     Is not an economically significant regulatory action based 
on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 
19885, April 23, 1997);
     Is not a significant regulatory action subject to 
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);
     Is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the 
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 
note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent 
with the Clean Air Act; and
     Does not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to 
address disproportionate human health or environmental effects with 
practical, appropriate, and legally permissible methods under Executive 
Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
    In addition, this proposed rule does not have Tribal implications 
as specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 FR 67249, November 9, 2000), 
because the SIP obligations discussed herein do not apply to Indian 
Tribes and thus will not impose substantial direct costs on Tribal 
governments or preempt Tribal law.

    Authority:  42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

    Dated: February 17, 2011.
Jared Blumenfeld,
Regional Administrator, Region IX.
[FR Doc. 2011-4376 Filed 2-25-11; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


