
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 138 (Monday, July 20, 2015)]
[Proposed Rules]
[Pages 42765-42774]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2015-17733]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 52

[EPA-R04-OAR-2013-0185; FRL-9930-87-Region 4]


Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Alabama; 
Infrastructure Requirements for the 2008 Lead National Ambient Air 
Quality Standards

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Proposed rule.

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SUMMARY: The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is proposing to 
approve in part, and disapprove, the November 4, 2011, State 
Implementation Plan (SIP) submission, provided by the Alabama

[[Page 42766]]

Department of Environmental Management (ADEM) for inclusion into the 
Alabama SIP. This proposal pertains to the Clean Air Act (CAA or the 
Act) infrastructure requirements for the 2008 Lead national ambient air 
quality standards (NAAQS). The CAA requires that each state adopt and 
submit a SIP for the implementation, maintenance, and enforcement of 
each NAAQS promulgated by EPA, which is commonly referred to as an 
``infrastructure'' SIP. ADEM certified that the Alabama SIP contains 
provisions that ensure the 2008 Lead NAAQS is implemented, enforced, 
and maintained in Alabama. With the exception of provisions pertaining 
to prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) permitting, which EPA 
is proposing no action through this notice, and with the exception of 
the provisions respecting state boards, for which EPA is proposing 
disapproval, EPA is proposing to approve Alabama's infrastructure SIP 
submission provided to EPA on November 4, 2011, as satisfying the 
required infrastructure elements for the 2008 Lead NAAQS.

DATES: Written comments must be received on or before August 19, 2015.

ADDRESSES: Submit your comments, identified by Docket ID No. EPA-R04-
OAR-2013-0185, by one of the following methods:
    1. www.regulations.gov: Follow the on-line instructions for 
submitting comments.
    2. Email: R4-ARMS@epa.gov.
    3. Fax: (404) 562-9019.
    4. Mail: ``EPA-R04-OAR-2013-0185,'' Air Regulatory Management 
Section, (formerly the Regulatory Development Section), Air Planning 
and Implementation Branch, (formerly the Air Planning Branch) Air, 
Pesticides and Toxics Management Division, U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, Region 4, 61 Forsyth Street SW., Atlanta, Georgia 
30303-8960.
    5. Hand Delivery or Courier: Lynorae Benjamin, Chief, Air 
Regulatory Management Section, Air Planning and Implementation Branch, 
Air, Pesticides and Toxics Management Division, U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, Region 4, 61 Forsyth Street SW., Atlanta, Georgia 
30303-8960. Such deliveries are only accepted during the Regional 
Office's normal hours of operation. The Regional Office's official 
hours of business are Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., 
excluding Federal holidays.
    Instructions: Direct your comments to Docket ID No. EPA-R04-OAR-
2013-0185. EPA's policy is that all comments received will be included 
in the public docket without change and may be made available online at 
www.regulations.gov, including any personal information provided, 
unless the comment includes information claimed to be Confidential 
Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is 
restricted by statute. Do not submit through www.regulations.gov or 
email, information that you consider to be CBI or otherwise protected. 
The www.regulations.gov Web site is an ``anonymous access'' system, 
which means EPA will not know your identity or contact information 
unless you provide it in the body of your comment. If you send an email 
comment directly to EPA without going through www.regulations.gov, your 
email address will be automatically captured and included as part of 
the comment that is placed in the public docket and made available on 
the Internet. If you submit an electronic comment, EPA recommends that 
you include your name and other contact information in the body of your 
comment and with any disk or CD-ROM you submit. If EPA cannot read your 
comment due to technical difficulties and cannot contact you for 
clarification, EPA may not be able to consider your comment. Electronic 
files should avoid the use of special characters, any form of 
encryption, and be free of any defects or viruses. For additional 
information about EPA's public docket visit the EPA Docket Center 
homepage at http://www.epa.gov/epahome/dockets.htm.
    Docket: All documents in the electronic docket are listed in the 
www.regulations.gov index. Although listed in the index, some 
information is not publicly available, i.e., CBI or other information 
whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other material, such 
as copyrighted material, is not placed on the Internet and will be 
publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket 
materials are available either electronically in www.regulations.gov or 
in hard copy at the Air Regulatory Management Section, Air Planning and 
Implementation Branch, Air, Pesticides and Toxics Management Division, 
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Region 4, 61 Forsyth Street SW., 
Atlanta, Georgia 30303-8960. EPA requests that if at all possible, you 
contact the person listed in the FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT 
section to schedule your inspection. The Regional Office's official 
hours of business are Monday through Friday, 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., 
excluding Federal holidays.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Zuri Farngalo, Air Regulatory 
Management Section, Air Planning and Implementation Branch, Air, 
Pesticides and Toxics Management Division, U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, Region 4, 61 Forsyth Street SW., Atlanta, Georgia 
30303-8960. The telephone number is (404) 562-9152. Mr. Farngalo can be 
reached via electronic mail at farngalo.zuri@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

Table of Contents

I. Background
II. What elements are required under Sections 110(a)(1) and (2)?
III. What is EPA's approach to the review of infrastructure SIP 
submissions?
IV. What is EPA's analysis of how Alabama addressed the elements of 
Sections 110(a)(1) and (2) ``Infrastructure'' Provisions?
V. Proposed Action
VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

I. Background

    On October 5, 1978, EPA promulgated a primary and secondary NAAQS 
under section 109 of the Act. See 43 FR 46246. Both the primary and 
secondary standards were set at a level of 1.5 micrograms per cubic 
meter ([micro]g/m\3\), measured as Lead in total suspended particulate 
matter (Pb-TSP), not to be exceeded by the maximum arithmetic mean 
concentration averaged over a calendar quarter. This standard was based 
on the 1977 Air Quality Criteria for Lead (USEPA, August 7, 1977). On 
November 12, 2008 (75 FR 81126), EPA issued a final rule to revise the 
primary and secondary Lead NAAQS. The revised primary and secondary 
Lead NAAQS were revised to 0.15 [micro]g/m\3\. By statute, SIPs meeting 
the requirements of sections 110(a)(1) and (2) are to be submitted by 
states within three years after promulgation of a new or revised NAAQS. 
Sections 110(a)(1) and (2) require states to address basic SIP 
requirements, including emissions inventories, monitoring, and modeling 
to assure attainment and maintenance of the NAAQS. States were required 
to submit such SIPs to EPA no later than October 15, 2011, for the 2008 
Lead NAAQS.\1\
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    \1\ In these infrastructure SIP submissions states generally 
certify evidence of compliance with sections 110(a)(1) and (2) of 
the CAA through a combination of state regulations and statutes, 
some of which have been incorporated into the federally-approved 
SIP. In addition, certain federally-approved, non-SIP regulations 
may also be appropriate for demonstrating compliance with sections 
110(a)(1) and (2). Throughout this rulemaking, unless otherwise 
indicated, the term ``ADEM Administrative Code'' or ``ADEM Admin. 
Code'' refers to regulations that have been approved into Alabama's 
federally-approved SIP. The terms ``Alabama Code'' or ``Ala. Code'' 
indicate Alabama's state statutes, which are not a part of the SIP 
unless otherwise indicated.

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[[Page 42767]]

    Today's action is proposing to in part approve and in part 
disapprove portions of Alabama's infrastructure SIP submissions for the 
applicable requirements of the 2008 Lead NAAQS. On March 18, 2015, EPA 
approved Alabama's November 4, 2011, infrastructure SIP submission 
regarding the PSD permitting requirements for major sources of sections 
110(a)(2)(C), prong 3 of D(i) and (J) for the 2008 Lead NAAQS. See 80 
FR 14019. Therefore, EPA is not proposing any action today pertaining 
to the PSD permitting requirements for major sources of sections 
110(a)(2)(C), prong 3 of D(i), and (J) for the 2008 Lead NAAQS. With 
respect to Alabama's infrastructure SIP submissions related to section 
110(a)(2)(E)(ii) requirements respecting the section 128 state board 
requirements, EPA is proposing to disapprove this element of Alabama's 
submissions in today's rulemaking. For the aspects of Alabama's 
submittal proposed for approval today, EPA notes that the Agency is not 
approving any specific rule, but rather proposing that Alabama's 
already approved SIP meets certain CAA requirements.

II. What elements are required under sections 110(a)(1) and (2)?

    Section 110(a) of the CAA requires states to submit SIPs to provide 
for the implementation, maintenance, and enforcement of a new or 
revised NAAQS within three years following the promulgation of such 
NAAQS, or within such shorter period as EPA may prescribe. Section 
110(a) imposes the obligation upon states to make a SIP submission to 
EPA for a new or revised NAAQS, but the contents of that submission may 
vary depending upon the facts and circumstances. In particular, the 
data and analytical tools available at the time the state develops and 
submits the SIP for a new or revised NAAQS affects the content of the 
submission. The contents of such SIP submissions may also vary 
depending upon what provisions the state's existing SIP already 
contains. In the case of the 2008 Lead NAAQS, states typically have met 
the basic program elements required in section 110(a)(2) through 
earlier SIP submissions in connection with the 1978 Lead NAAQS.
    Section 110(a)(1) provides the procedural and timing requirements 
for SIPs. Section 110(a)(2) lists specific elements that states must 
meet for ``infrastructure'' SIP requirements related to a newly 
established or revised NAAQS. As mentioned above, these requirements 
include SIP infrastructure elements such as modeling, monitoring, and 
emissions inventories that are designed to assure attainment and 
maintenance of the NAAQS. The requirements that are the subject of this 
proposed rulemaking are listed below \2\ and in EPA's October 14, 2011, 
memorandum entitled ``Guidance on Infrastructure State Implementation 
Plan (SIP) Elements Required Under Sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) for 
the 2008 Lead (Pb) National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)'' 
(2011 Lead Infrastructure SIP Guidance).
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    \2\ Two elements identified in section 110(a)(2) are not 
governed by the three year submission deadline of section 110(a)(1) 
because SIPs incorporating necessary local nonattainment area 
controls are not due within three years after promulgation of a new 
or revised NAAQS, but rather due at the time the nonattainment area 
plan requirements are due pursuant to section 172. These 
requirements are: (1) Submissions required by section 110(a)(2)(C) 
to the extent that subsection refers to a permit program as required 
in part D Title I of the CAA, and (2) submissions required by 
section 110(a)(2)(I) which pertain to the nonattainment planning 
requirements of part D, Title I of the CAA. Today's proposed 
rulemaking does not address infrastructure elements related to 
section 110(a)(2)(I) or the nonattainment planning requirements of 
110(a)(2)(C).

 110(a)(2)(A): Emission limits and other control measures
 110(a)(2)(B): Ambient air quality monitoring/data system
 110(a)(2)(C): Program for enforcement, PSD, and new source 
review (NSR) \3\
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    \3\ This rulemaking only addresses requirements for this element 
as they relate to attainment areas.
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 110(a)(2)(D)(i): Interstate transport provisions
 110(a)(2)(D)(ii): Interstate and International transport 
provisions
 110(a)(2)(E): Adequate personnel, funding, and authority
 110(a)(2)(F): Stationary source monitoring and reporting
 110(a)(2)(G): Emergency episodes
 110(a)(2)(H): Future SIP revisions
 110(a)(2)(I): Nonattainment area plan or plan revision under 
part D.\4\
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    \4\ As mentioned above, this element is not relevant to today's 
proposed rulemaking.
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     110(a)(2)(J): Consultation with government officials, 
public notification, PSD and visibility protection
     110(a)(2)(K): Air quality modeling/data
     110(a)(2)(L): Permitting fees
     110(a)(2)(M): Consultation/participation by affected local 
entities

III. What is EPA's approach to the review of infrastructure SIP 
submissions?

    EPA is acting upon the SIP submission from Alabama that addresses 
the infrastructure requirements of CAA sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) 
for the Lead NAAQS. The requirement for states to make a SIP submission 
of this type arises out of CAA section 110(a)(1). Pursuant to section 
110(a)(1), states must make SIP submissions ``within 3 years (or such 
shorter period as the Administrator may prescribe) after the 
promulgation of a national primary ambient air quality standard (or any 
revision thereof),'' and these SIP submissions are to provide for the 
``implementation, maintenance, and enforcement'' of such NAAQS. The 
statute directly imposes on states the duty to make these SIP 
submissions, and the requirement to make the submissions is not 
conditioned upon EPA's taking any action other than promulgating a new 
or revised NAAQS. Section 110(a)(2) includes a list of specific 
elements that ``[e]ach such plan'' submission must address.
    EPA has historically referred to these SIP submissions made for the 
purpose of satisfying the requirements of CAA sections 110(a)(1) and 
110(a)(2) as ``infrastructure SIP'' submissions. Although the term 
``infrastructure SIP'' does not appear in the CAA, EPA uses the term to 
distinguish this particular type of SIP submission from submissions 
that are intended to satisfy other SIP requirements under the CAA, such 
as ``nonattainment SIP'' or ``attainment plan SIP'' submissions to 
address the nonattainment planning requirements of part D of title I of 
the CAA, ``regional haze SIP'' submissions required by EPA rule to 
address the visibility protection requirements of CAA section 169A, and 
nonattainment new source review permit program submissions to address 
the permit requirements of CAA, title I, part D.
    Section 110(a)(1) addresses the timing and general requirements for 
infrastructure SIP submissions, and section 110(a)(2) provides more 
details concerning the required contents of these submissions. The list 
of required elements provided in section 110(a)(2) contains a wide 
variety of disparate provisions, some of which pertain to required 
legal authority, some of which pertain to required substantive program 
provisions, and some of which pertain to requirements for both 
authority and substantive program provisions.\5\ EPA

[[Page 42768]]

therefore believes that while the timing requirement in section 
110(a)(1) is unambiguous, some of the other statutory provisions are 
ambiguous. In particular, EPA believes that the list of required 
elements for infrastructure SIP submissions provided in section 
110(a)(2) contains ambiguities concerning what is required for 
inclusion in an infrastructure SIP submission.
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    \5\ For example: Section 110(a)(2)(E)(i) provides that states 
must provide assurances that they have adequate legal authority 
under state and local law to carry out the SIP; section 110(a)(2)(C) 
provides that states must have a SIP-approved program to address 
certain sources as required by part C of title I of the CAA; and 
section 110(a)(2)(G) provides that states must have legal authority 
to address emergencies as well as contingency plans that are 
triggered in the event of such emergencies.
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    The following examples of ambiguities illustrate the need for EPA 
to interpret some section 110(a)(1) and section 110(a)(2) requirements 
with respect to infrastructure SIP submissions for a given new or 
revised NAAQS. One example of ambiguity is that section 110(a)(2) 
requires that ``each'' SIP submission must meet the list of 
requirements therein, while EPA has long noted that this literal 
reading of the statute is internally inconsistent and would create a 
conflict with the nonattainment provisions in part D of title I of the 
Act, which specifically address nonattainment SIP requirements.\6\ 
Section 110(a)(2)(I) pertains to nonattainment SIP requirements and 
part D addresses when attainment plan SIP submissions to address 
nonattainment area requirements are due. For example, section 172(b) 
requires EPA to establish a schedule for submission of such plans for 
certain pollutants when the Administrator promulgates the designation 
of an area as nonattainment, and section 107(d)(1)(B) allows up to two 
years, or in some cases three years, for such designations to be 
promulgated.\7\ This ambiguity illustrates that rather than apply all 
the stated requirements of section 110(a)(2) in a strict literal sense, 
EPA must determine which provisions of section 110(a)(2) are applicable 
for a particular infrastructure SIP submission.
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    \6\ See, e.g., ``Rule To Reduce Interstate Transport of Fine 
Particulate Matter and Ozone (Clean Air Interstate Rule); Revisions 
to Acid Rain Program; Revisions to the NOX SIP Call; 
Final Rule,'' 70 FR 25162, at 25163-65 (May 12, 2005) (explaining 
relationship between timing requirement of section 110(a)(2)(D) 
versus section 110(a)(2)(I)).
    \7\ EPA notes that this ambiguity within section 110(a)(2) is 
heightened by the fact that various subparts of part D set specific 
dates for submission of certain types of SIP submissions in 
designated nonattainment areas for various pollutants. Note, e.g., 
that section 182(a)(1) provides specific dates for submission of 
emissions inventories for the ozone NAAQS. Some of these specific 
dates are necessarily later than three years after promulgation of 
the new or revised NAAQS.
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    Another example of ambiguity within sections 110(a)(1) and 
110(a)(2) with respect to infrastructure SIPs pertains to whether 
states must meet all of the infrastructure SIP requirements in a single 
SIP submission, and whether EPA must act upon such SIP submission in a 
single action. Although section 110(a)(1) directs states to submit ``a 
plan'' to meet these requirements, EPA interprets the CAA to allow 
states to make multiple SIP submissions separately addressing 
infrastructure SIP elements for the same NAAQS. If states elect to make 
such multiple SIP submissions to meet the infrastructure SIP 
requirements, EPA can elect to act on such submissions either 
individually or in a larger combined action.\8\ Similarly, EPA 
interprets the CAA to allow it to take action on the individual parts 
of one larger, comprehensive infrastructure SIP submission for a given 
NAAQS without concurrent action on the entire submission. For example, 
EPA has sometimes elected to act at different times on various elements 
and sub-elements of the same infrastructure SIP submission.\9\
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    \8\ See, e.g., ``Approval and Promulgation of Implementation 
Plans; New Mexico; Revisions to the New Source Review (NSR) State 
Implementation Plan (SIP); Prevention of Significant Deterioration 
(PSD) and Nonattainment New Source Review (NNSR) Permitting,'' 78 FR 
4339 (January 22, 2013) (EPA's final action approving the structural 
PSD elements of the New Mexico SIP submitted by the State separately 
to meet the requirements of EPA's 2008 PM2.5 NSR rule), 
and ``Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; 
New Mexico; Infrastructure and Interstate Transport Requirements for 
the 2006 PM2.5 NAAQS,'' (78 FR 4337) (January 22, 2013) 
(EPA's final action on the infrastructure SIP for the 2006 
PM2.5 NAAQS).
    \9\ On December 14, 2007, the State of Tennessee, through the 
Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, made a SIP 
revision to EPA demonstrating that the State meets the requirements 
of sections 110(a)(1) and (2). EPA proposed action for 
infrastructure SIP elements (C) and (J) on January 23, 2012 (77 FR 
3213) and took final action on March 14, 2012 (77 FR 14976). On 
April 16, 2012 (77 FR 22533) and July 23, 2012 (77 FR 42997), EPA 
took separate proposed and final actions on all other section 
110(a)(2) infrastructure SIP elements of Tennessee's December 14, 
2007 submittal.
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    Ambiguities within sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) may also arise 
with respect to infrastructure SIP submission requirements for 
different NAAQS. Thus, EPA notes that not every element of section 
110(a)(2) would be relevant, or as relevant, or relevant in the same 
way, for each new or revised NAAQS. The states' attendant 
infrastructure SIP submissions for each NAAQS therefore could be 
different. For example, the monitoring requirements that a state might 
need to meet in its infrastructure SIP submission for purposes of 
section 110(a)(2)(B) could be very different for different pollutants 
because the content and scope of a state's infrastructure SIP 
submission to meet this element might be very different for an entirely 
new NAAQS than for a minor revision to an existing NAAQS.\10\
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    \10\ For example, implementation of the 1997 PM2.5 
NAAQS required the deployment of a system of new monitors to measure 
ambient levels of that new indicator species for the new NAAQS.
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    EPA notes that interpretation of section 110(a)(2) is also 
necessary when EPA reviews other types of SIP submissions required 
under the CAA. Therefore, as with infrastructure SIP submissions, EPA 
also has to identify and interpret the relevant elements of section 
110(a)(2) that logically apply to these other types of SIP submissions. 
For example, section 172(c)(7) requires that attainment plan SIP 
submissions required by part D have to meet the ``applicable 
requirements'' of section 110(a)(2). Thus, for example, attainment plan 
SIP submissions must meet the requirements of section 110(a)(2)(A) 
regarding enforceable emission limits and control measures and section 
110(a)(2)(E)(i) regarding air agency resources and authority. By 
contrast, it is clear that attainment plan SIP submissions required by 
part D would not need to meet the portion of section 110(a)(2)(C) that 
pertains to the PSD program required in part C of title I of the CAA, 
because PSD does not apply to a pollutant for which an area is 
designated nonattainment and thus subject to part D planning 
requirements. As this example illustrates, each type of SIP submission 
may implicate some elements of section 110(a)(2) but not others.
    Given the potential for ambiguity in some of the statutory language 
of section 110(a)(1) and section 110(a)(2), EPA believes that it is 
appropriate to interpret the ambiguous portions of section 110(a)(1) 
and section 110(a)(2) in the context of acting on a particular SIP 
submission. In other words, EPA assumes that Congress could not have 
intended that each and every SIP submission, regardless of the NAAQS in 
question or the history of SIP development for the relevant pollutant, 
would meet each of the requirements, or meet each of them in the same 
way. Therefore, EPA has adopted an approach under which it reviews 
infrastructure SIP submissions against the list of elements in section 
110(a)(2), but only to the extent each element applies for that 
particular NAAQS.
    Historically, EPA has elected to use guidance documents to make 
recommendations to states for infrastructure SIPs, in some cases 
conveying needed interpretations on newly arising issues and in some 
cases conveying interpretations that have already been developed and 
applied to

[[Page 42769]]

individual SIP submissions for particular elements.\11\ EPA issued the 
Lead Infrastructure SIP Guidance on October 14, 2011.\12\ EPA developed 
this document to provide states with up-to-date guidance for the 2008 
Lead infrastructure SIPs. Within this guidance, EPA describes the duty 
of states to make infrastructure SIP submissions to meet basic 
structural SIP requirements within three years of promulgation of a new 
or revised NAAQS. EPA also made recommendations about many specific 
subsections of section 110(a)(2) that are relevant in the context of 
infrastructure SIP submissions. The guidance also discusses the 
substantively important issues that are germane to certain subsections 
of section 110(a)(2). Significantly, EPA interprets sections 110(a)(1) 
and 110(a)(2) such that infrastructure SIP submissions need to address 
certain issues and need not address others. Accordingly, EPA reviews 
each infrastructure SIP submission for compliance with the applicable 
statutory provisions of section 110(a)(2), as appropriate.\13\
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    \11\ EPA notes, however, that nothing in the CAA requires EPA to 
provide guidance or to promulgate regulations for infrastructure SIP 
submissions. The CAA directly applies to states and requires the 
submission of infrastructure SIP submissions, regardless of whether 
or not EPA provides guidance or regulations pertaining to such 
submissions. EPA elects to issue such guidance in order to assist 
states, as appropriate.
    \12\ ``Guidance on Infrastructure State Implementation Plan 
(SIP) Elements Required under Clean Air Act Sections 110(a)(1) and 
110(a)(2) for the 2008 Lead (Pb) National Ambient Air Quality 
Standards (NAAQS),'' Memorandum from Stephen D. Page, October 14, 
2001.
    \13\ Although not intended to provide guidance for purposes of 
infrastructure SIP submissions for the 2008 Lead NAAQS, EPA notes, 
that following the 2011 Lead Infrastructure SIP Guidance, EPA issued 
the ``Guidance on Infrastructure State Implementation Plan (SIP) 
Elements under Clean Air Act Sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2).'' 
Memorandum from Stephen D. Page, September 13, 2013. This 2013 
guidance provides recommendations for air agencies' development and 
the EPA's review of infrastructure SIPs for the 2008 ozone primary 
and secondary NAAQS, the 2010 primary nitrogen dioxide 
(NO2) NAAQS, the 2010 primary sulfur dioxide 
(SO2) NAAQS, and the 2012 primary fine particulate matter 
(PM2.5) NAAQS, as well as infrastructure SIPs for new or 
revised NAAQS promulgated in the future.
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    EPA's approach to review of infrastructure SIP submissions is to 
identify the CAA requirements that are logically applicable to that 
submission. EPA believes that this approach to the review of a 
particular infrastructure SIP submission is appropriate, because it 
would not be reasonable to read the general requirements of section 
110(a)(1) and the list of elements in 110(a)(2) as requiring review of 
each and every provision of a state's existing SIP against all 
requirements in the CAA and EPA regulations merely for purposes of 
assuring that the state in question has the basic structural elements 
for a functioning SIP for a new or revised NAAQS. Because SIPs have 
grown by accretion over the decades as statutory and regulatory 
requirements under the CAA have evolved, they may include some outmoded 
provisions and historical artifacts. These provisions, while not fully 
up to date, nevertheless may not pose a significant problem for the 
purposes of ``implementation, maintenance, and enforcement'' of a new 
or revised NAAQS when EPA evaluates adequacy of the infrastructure SIP 
submission. EPA believes that a better approach is for states and EPA 
to focus attention on those elements of section 110(a)(2) of the CAA 
most likely to warrant a specific SIP revision due to the promulgation 
of a new or revised NAAQS or other factors.
    Finally, EPA believes that its approach with respect to 
infrastructure SIP requirements is based on a reasonable reading of 
sections 110(a)(1) and 110(a)(2) because the CAA provides other avenues 
and mechanisms to address specific substantive deficiencies in existing 
SIPs. These other statutory tools allow EPA to take appropriately 
tailored action, depending upon the nature and severity of the alleged 
SIP deficiency. Section 110(k)(5) authorizes EPA to issue a ``SIP 
call'' whenever the Agency determines that a state's SIP is 
substantially inadequate to attain or maintain the NAAQS, to mitigate 
interstate transport, or to otherwise comply with the CAA.\14\ Section 
110(k)(6) authorizes EPA to correct errors in past actions, such as 
past approvals of SIP submissions.\15\ Significantly, EPA's 
determination that an action on a state's infrastructure SIP submission 
is not the appropriate time and place to address all potential existing 
SIP deficiencies does not preclude EPA's subsequent reliance on 
provisions in section 110(a)(2) as part of the basis for action to 
correct those deficiencies at a later time. For example, although it 
may not be appropriate to require a state to eliminate all existing 
inappropriate director's discretion provisions in the course of acting 
on an infrastructure SIP submission, EPA believes that section 
110(a)(2)(A) may be among the statutory bases that EPA relies upon in 
the course of addressing such deficiency in a subsequent action.\16\
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    \14\ For example, EPA issued a SIP call to Utah to address 
specific existing SIP deficiencies related to the treatment of 
excess emissions during SSM events. See ``Finding of Substantial 
Inadequacy of Implementation Plan; Call for Utah State 
Implementation Plan Revisions,'' 74 FR 21639 (April 18, 2011).
    \15\ EPA has used this authority to correct errors in past 
actions on SIP submissions related to PSD programs. See ``Limitation 
of Approval of Prevention of Significant Deterioration Provisions 
Concerning Greenhouse Gas Emitting-Sources in State Implementation 
Plans; Final Rule,'' 75 FR 82536 (December 30, 2010). EPA has 
previously used its authority under CAA section 110(k)(6) to remove 
numerous other SIP provisions that the Agency determined it had 
approved in error. See, e.g., 61 FR 38664 (July 25, 1996) and 62 FR 
34641 (June 27, 1997) (corrections to American Samoa, Arizona, 
California, Hawaii, and Nevada SIPs); 69 FR 67062 (November 16, 
2004) (corrections to California SIP); and 74 FR 57051 (November 3, 
2009) (corrections to Arizona and Nevada SIPs).
    \16\ See, e.g., EPA's disapproval of a SIP submission from 
Colorado on the grounds that it would have included a director's 
discretion provision inconsistent with CAA requirements, including 
section 110(a)(2)(A). See, e.g., 75 FR 42342 at 42344 (July 21, 
2010) (proposed disapproval of director's discretion provisions); 76 
FR 4540 (Jan. 26, 2011) (final disapproval of such provisions).
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IV. What is EPA's analysis of how Alabama addressed the elements of 
sections 110(a)(1) and (2) ``infrastructure'' provisions?

    The Alabama infrastructure submission addresses the provisions of 
sections 110(a)(1) and (2) as described below.
    1. 110(a)(2)(A): Emission limits and other control measures: 
Several regulations within Alabama's SIP are relevant to air quality 
control regulations. The regulations described below have been 
federally approved in the Alabama SIP and include enforceable emission 
limitations and other control measures. Alabama's infrastructure SIP 
submission cites provisions of the Administrative Code that provide 
ADEM with the necessary authority to adopt and enforce air quality 
controls such as Administrative Codes 335-3-1-.03, ``Ambient Air 
Quality Standards,'' 335-3-1.05 ``Sampling and Testing,'' 335-3-1-.06 
``Compliance Schedule,'' 335-3-14-.03(1)(g) ``Standards for Granting 
Permits'' and 335-3-4-.15 ``Secondary Lead Smelters.'' EPA has made the 
preliminary determination that the provisions contained in these 
chapters and Alabama's practices are adequate to protect the 2008 Lead 
NAAQS in the State.
    In this action, EPA is not proposing to approve or disapprove any 
existing State provisions with regard to excess emissions during 
startup, shutdown and malfunction (SSM) of operations at a facility. 
EPA believes that a number of states have SSM provisions which are 
contrary to the CAA and existing EPA guidance, ``State Implementation 
Plans: Policy Regarding Excess Emissions During Malfunctions, Startup, 
and Shutdown'' (September 20, 1999), and

[[Page 42770]]

the Agency is addressing such state regulations in a separate 
action.\17\ In the meantime, EPA encourages any state having a 
deficient SSM provision to take steps to correct it as soon as 
possible.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \17\ On May 22, 2015, the EPA Administrator signed a final 
action entitled, ``State Implementation Plans: Response to Petition 
for Rulemaking; Restatement and Update of EPA's SSM Policy 
Applicable to SIPs; Findings of Substantial Inadequacy; and SIP 
Calls to Amend Provisions Applying to Excess Emissions During 
Periods of Startup, Shutdown, and Malfunction.'' The prepublication 
version of this rule is available at http://www.epa.gov/airquality/urbanair/sipstatus/emissions.html.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Additionally, in this action, EPA is not proposing to approve or 
disapprove any existing State rules with regard to director's 
discretion or variance provisions. EPA believes that a number of states 
have such provisions which are contrary to the CAA and existing EPA 
guidance (52 FR 45109 (November 24, 1987)), and the Agency plans to 
take action in the future to address such state regulations. In the 
meantime, EPA encourages any state having a director's discretion or 
variance provision which is contrary to the CAA and EPA guidance to 
take steps to correct the deficiency as soon as possible.
    2. 110(a)(2)(B) Ambient air quality monitoring/data system: SIPs 
are required to provide for the establishment and operation of ambient 
air quality monitors; the compilation and analysis of ambient air 
quality data; and the submission of these data to EPA upon request. 
ADEM Administrative Code, 335-3-1-.03 ``Ambient Air Quality 
Standards,'' and 335-3-1-.04 ``Monitoring Records and Reporting,'' 
along with the Alabama Network Description and Ambient Air Network 
Monitoring Plan, provide for an ambient air quality monitoring system 
in the State. Annually, States develop and submit to EPA for approval 
statewide ambient monitoring network plans consistent with the 
requirements of 40 CFR parts 50, 53, and 58. The annual network plan 
involves an evaluation of any proposed changes to the monitoring 
network, includes the annual ambient monitoring network design plan and 
a certified evaluation of the agency's ambient monitors and auxiliary 
support equipment.\18\ The latest monitoring network plan for Alabama 
was submitted on July 17, 2014, and on March 6, 2015, EPA approved this 
plan. Alabama's approved monitoring network plan can be accessed at 
www.regulations.gov using Docket ID No. EPA-R04-OAR-2013-0185. EPA has 
made the preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP and practices are 
adequate for the ambient air quality monitoring and data system related 
to the 2008 Lead NAAQS.
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    \18\ On occasion, proposed changes to the monitoring network are 
evaluated outside of the network plan approval process in accordance 
with 40 CFR part 58.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    3. 110(a)(2)(C) Program for enforcement, PSD, and NSR: This element 
consists of three sub-elements; enforcement, state-wide regulation of 
new and modified minor sources and minor modifications of major 
sources; and preconstruction permitting of major sources and major 
modifications in areas designated attainment or unclassifiable for the 
subject NAAQS as required by CAA title I part C (i.e., the major source 
PSD program). To meet these obligations, Alabama cited ADEM 
Administrative Codes 335-3-14-.01 ``General Provisions,'' 335-3-14-.02 
``Permit Procedure,'' 335-3-14-.03 ``Standards for Granting Permits,'' 
335-3-14.04 ``Prevention of Significant Deterioration in Permitting,'' 
and 335-3-14-.05 ``Air Permits Authorizing Construction in or Near 
Nonattainment Areas'' of Alabama's SIP. ADEM is able to regulate 
sources of lead through these above cited provisions of Alabama's SIP. 
In this action, EPA is only proposing to approve the enforcement and 
the regulation of new minor sources and minor modifications aspects of 
Alabama's section 110(a)(2)(C) infrastructure SIP submission.
    Enforcement: ADEM's above-described, SIP-approved regulations meet 
the requirements for enforcement of lead emission limits and control 
measures and construction permitting for new or modified stationary 
sources.
    Preconstruction PSD Permitting for Major Sources: With respect to 
Alabama's November 4, 2011 infrastructure SIP submission related to the 
preconstruction PSD permitting requirements for major sources of 
section 110(a)(2)(C), EPA took final action to approve this provision 
for the 2008 Lead NAAQS on March 18, 2015. See 80 FR 14019.
    Regulation of minor sources and modifications: Section 110(a)(2)(C) 
also requires the SIP to include provisions that govern a minor source 
pre-construction program that regulates emissions of the 2008 Lead 
NAAQS. ADEM Administrative Code 335-3-14-.03 ``Standards for Granting 
Permits'' governs the preconstruction permitting of modifications and 
construction of minor stationary sources in the State.
    EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP and 
practices are adequate for program enforcement of control measures and 
regulation of minor sources and modifications related to the 2008 Lead 
NAAQS.
    4. 110(a)(2)(D)(i) Interstate transport provisions: Section 
110(a)(2)(D)(i) has two components; 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I) and 
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II). Each of these components have two subparts 
resulting in four distinct components, commonly referred to as 
``prongs,'' that must be addressed in infrastructure SIP submissions. 
The first two prongs, which are codified in section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I), 
are provisions that prohibit any source or other type of emissions 
activity in one state from contributing significantly to nonattainment 
of the NAAQS in another state (``prong 1''), and interfering with 
maintenance of the NAAQS in another state (``prong 2''). The third and 
fourth prongs, which are codified in section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II), are 
provisions that prohibit emissions activity in one state interfering 
with measures required to prevent significant deterioration of air 
quality in another state (``prong 3''), or to protect visibility in 
another state (``prong 4''). Section 110(a)(2)(D)(ii) requires SIPs to 
include provisions insuring compliance with sections 115 and 126 of the 
Act, relating to interstate and international pollution abatement.
    110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I)--prongs 1 and 2: Section 110(a)(2)(D)(i) 
requires infrastructure SIP submissions to include provisions 
prohibiting any source or other type of emissions activity in one state 
from contributing significantly to nonattainment, or interfering with 
maintenance, of the NAAQS in another state. The physical properties of 
lead prevent lead emissions from experiencing that same travel or 
formation phenomena as PM2.5 and ozone for interstate 
transport as outlined in prongs 1 and 2. More specifically, there is a 
sharp decrease in the lead concentrations, at least in the coarse 
fraction, as the distance from a lead source increases. EPA believes 
that the requirements of prongs 1 and 2 can be satisfied through a 
state's assessment as to whether a lead source located within its State 
in close proximity to a state border has emissions that contribute 
significantly to the nonattainment or interfere with maintenance of the 
NAAQS in the neighboring state. For example, EPA's experience with the 
initial Lead designations suggest that sources that emit less than 0.5 
tpy or are located more than two miles from the state border generally 
appear unlikely to contribute significantly to the nonattainment in 
another state. Alabama has one lead source that has emissions of lead 
over 0.5 tons per year (tpy), but because the source is located well 
beyond two miles from the State

[[Page 42771]]

border,\19\ EPA believes it is unlikely to contribute significantly to 
the nonattainment or interfere with maintenance of the NAAQS in another 
state. Therefore, EPA has made the preliminary determination that 
Alabama's SIP meets the requirements of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i)(I).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \19\ There is one facility in Alabama that has Lead emissions 
greater than 0.5 tpy. The facility is Sanders Lead Co, Inc., which 
is located at 100 Sanders Rd Troy, AL 36079. This location is about 
45 miles from the Georgia border.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II)--prong 3: With respect to Alabama's 
infrastructure SIP submission related to the interstate transport 
requirements for PSD of prong 3 of section 110(a)(2)(D)(i), EPA took 
final action to approve Alabama's November 4, 2011 infrastructure SIP 
submission for the 2008 Lead NAAQS on March 18, 2015. See 80 FR 14019.
    110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II)--prong 4: With regard to section 
110(a)(2)(D)(i)(II), the visibility sub-element, referred to as prong 
4, significant visibility impacts from stationary source lead emissions 
are expected to be limited to short distances from the source. Lead 
stationary sources in Alabama are located distances from Class I areas 
such that visibility impacts are negligible. The 2011 Lead 
Infrastructure SIP Guidance notes that the lead constituent of PM would 
likely not travel far enough to affect Class 1 areas and that the 
visibility provisions of the CAA do not directly regulate lead. 
Accordingly, EPA has preliminarily determined that the Alabama SIP 
meets the relevant visibility requirements of prong 4 of section 
110(a)(2)(D)(i).
    5. 110(a)(2)(D)(ii) Interstate and international transport 
provisions: Section 110(a)(2)(D)(ii) requires SIPs to include 
provisions insuring compliance with sections 115 and 126 of the Act, 
relating to interstate and international pollution abatement. ADEM 
Admin. Code 335-3-14-.04--Prevention of Significant Deterioration in 
Permitting describes how Alabama notifies neighboring states of 
potential emission impacts from new or modified sources applying for 
PSD permits. This regulation requires ADEM to provide an opportunity 
for a public hearing to the public, which includes State or local air 
pollution control agencies, ``whose lands may be affected by emissions 
from the source or modification'' in Alabama. Additionally, Alabama 
does not have any pending obligation under sections 115 and 126 of the 
CAA. Accordingly, EPA has made the preliminary determination that 
Alabama's SIP and practices are adequate for insuring compliance with 
the applicable requirements relating to interstate and international 
pollution abatement for the 2008 Lead NAAQS.
    6. 110(a)(2)(E) Adequate personnel, funding, and authority: Section 
110(a)(2)(E) requires that each implementation plan provide (i) 
necessary assurances that the State will have adequate personnel, 
funding, and authority under state law to carry out its implementation 
plan, (ii) that the State comply with the requirements respecting State 
Boards pursuant to section 128 of the Act, and (iii) necessary 
assurances that, where the State has relied on a local or regional 
government, agency, or instrumentality for the implementation of any 
plan provision, the State has responsibility for ensuring adequate 
implementation of such plan provisions. EPA is proposing to approve 
Alabama's SIP as meeting the requirements of sections 110(a)(2)(E)(i) 
and 110(2)(E)(iii) but disapprove for element 110(2)(E)(ii). EPA's 
rationale for today's proposals respecting each section of 110(a)(2)(E) 
is described in turn below.
    To satisfy the requirements of section 110(a)(2)(E)(i) and (iii), 
ADEM's infrastructure SIP submission describes Alabama Code section 22-
28-11, which authorizes ADEM to adopt emission requirements though 
regulations that are necessary to prevent, abate, or control air 
pollution. Also, Alabama Code section 22-28-9 authorizes the Department 
to employ necessary staff to carry out responsibilities. The funding 
requirements are met through the 105 grants and the title V fee 
process. As further evidence of the adequacy of ADEM's resources, EPA 
submitted a letter to Alabama on April 24, 2014, outlining 105 grant 
commitments and the current status of these commitments for fiscal year 
2014. The letter EPA submitted to Alabama can be accessed at 
www.regulations.gov using Docket ID No. EPA-R04-OAR-2013-0185. 
Annually, states update these grant commitments based on current SIP 
requirements, air quality planning, and applicable requirements related 
to the NAAQS. Alabama satisfactorily met all commitments agreed to in 
the Air Planning Agreement for fiscal year 2014, therefore Alabama's 
grants were finalized. EPA has made the preliminary determination that 
Alabama has adequate resources for implementation of the 2008 Lead 
NAAQS.
    To satisfy the requirements of section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii), states 
must comply with the requirements respecting State Boards pursuant to 
section 128 of the Act. Section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii) requires that the 
state comply with section 128 of the CAA. Section 128 requires that the 
SIP contain provisions that provide: (1) The majority of members of the 
state board or body which approves permits or enforcement orders 
represent the public interest and do not derive any significant portion 
of their income from persons subject to permitting or enforcement 
orders under the CAA; and (2) any potential conflicts of interest by 
such board or body, or the head of an executive agency with similar 
powers be adequately disclosed. After reviewing Alabama's SIP, EPA has 
made the preliminary determination that the State's implementation plan 
does not contain provisions to comply with section 128 of the Act, and 
thus Alabama's November 4, 2011, infrastructure SIP submission does not 
meet the requirements of the Act. While Alabama has state statutes that 
may address, in whole or in part, requirements related to state boards 
at the state level, these provisions are not included in the SIP as 
required by the CAA. Based on an evaluation of the federally-approved 
Alabama SIP, EPA is proposing to disapprove Alabama's infrastructure 
SIP submission as meeting the requirements of 110(a)(2)(E)(ii) of the 
CAA for the 2008 Lead NAAQS. The submitted provisions which purport to 
address 110(a)(2)(E)(ii) are severable from the other portions of 
ADEM's infrastructure SIP submission, therefore, EPA is proposing to 
disapprove those provisions which relate only to sub-element 
110(a)(2)(E)(ii).
    7. 110(a)(2)(F) Stationary source monitoring system: ADEM's 
infrastructure SIP submission describes the establishment of 
requirements for compliance testing by emissions sampling and analysis, 
and for emissions and operation monitoring to ensure the quality of 
data in the State. The Alabama infrastructure SIP submission also 
describes how the major source and minor source emission inventory 
programs collect emission data throughout the State and ensure the 
quality of such data. Alabama meets these requirements through ADEM 
Admin. Codes 335-3-1-.04 ``Monitoring, Records, and Reporting,'' and 
335-3-12 ``Continuous Monitoring Requirements for Existing Sources.'' 
ADEM Admin. Code 335-3-1-.04, details how sources are required as 
appropriate to establish and maintain records; make reports; install, 
use, and maintain such monitoring equipment or methods and provide 
periodic emission reports as the regulation requires. These reports and 
records are required to be compiled, and submitted on forms furnished 
by the State. Additionally, ADEM Admin. Code 335-3-12-.02

[[Page 42772]]

requires owners and operators of emissions sources to ``install, 
calibrate, operate and maintain all monitoring equipment necessary for 
continuously monitoring the pollutants.'' \20\ ADEM Admin. Code 335-3-
1-.13 ``Credible Evidence,'' makes allowances for owners and/or 
operators to utilize ``any credible evidence or information relevant'' 
to demonstrate compliance with applicable requirements if the 
appropriate performance or compliance test had been performed, for the 
purpose of submitting compliance certification and can be used to 
establish whether or not an owner or operator has violated or is in 
violation of any rule or standard. Accordingly, EPA is unaware of any 
provision preventing the use of credible evidence in the Alabama SIP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \20\ ADEM Admin. Code 335-3-12-.02 establishes that data 
reporting requirements for sources required to conduct continuous 
monitoring in the state should comply with data reporting 
requirements set forth at 40 CFR part 51, Appendix P. Section 40 CFR 
part 51, Appendix P includes that the averaging period used for data 
reporting should be established by the state to correspond to the 
averaging period specified in the emission test method used to 
determine compliance with an emission standard for the pollutant/
source category in question.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Additionally, Alabama is required to submit emissions data to EPA 
for purposes of the National Emissions Inventory (NEI). The NEI is 
EPA's central repository for air emissions data. EPA published the Air 
Emissions Reporting Rule (AERR) on December 5, 2008, which modified the 
requirements for collecting and reporting air emissions data (73 FR 
76539). The AERR shortened the time states had to report emissions data 
from 17 to 12 months, giving states one calendar year to submit 
emissions data. All states are required to submit a comprehensive 
emissions inventory every three years and report emissions for certain 
larger sources annually through EPA's online Emissions Inventory 
System. States report emissions data for the six criteria pollutants 
and their associated precursors--nitrogen oxides, sulfur dioxide, 
ammonia, Lead, carbon monoxide, particulate matter, and volatile 
organic compounds. Many states also voluntarily report emissions of 
hazardous air pollutants. Alabama made its latest update to the 2013 
NEI on January 13, 2015. EPA compiles the emissions data, supplementing 
it where necessary, and releases it to the general public through the 
Web site http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/eiinformation.html. EPA has made 
the preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP and practices are 
adequate for the stationary source monitoring systems related to the 
2008 Lead NAAQS.
    8. 110(a)(2)(G) Emergency episodes: This section of the CAA 
requires that states demonstrate authority comparable with section 303 
of the CAA and adequate contingency plans to implement such authority. 
ADEM Admin. Code 335-3-2 ``Air Pollution Emergency'' provides for the 
identification of air pollution emergency episodes, episode criteria, 
and emissions reduction plans. Alabama's compliance with section 303 of 
the CAA and adequate contingency plans to implement such authority is 
also met by Ala. Code section 22-28-21 ``Air Pollution Emergencies.'' 
Ala. Code section 22-28-21 provides ADEM the authority to order the 
``person or persons responsible for the operation or operations of one 
or more air contaminants sources'' causing ``imminent danger to human 
health or safety in question to reduce or discontinue emissions 
immediately.'' The order triggers a hearing no later than 24-hours 
after issuance before the Environmental Management Commission which can 
affirm, modify or set aside the Director's order. Additionally, the 
Governor can, by proclamation, declare, as to all or any part of said 
area, that an air pollution emergency exists and exercise certain 
powers in whole or in part, by the issuance of an order or orders to 
protect the public health. EPA has made the preliminary determination 
that Alabama's SIP, state laws and practices are adequate to satisfy 
the infrastructure SIP obligations for emergency powers related to the 
2008 Lead NAAQS.
    9. 110(a)(2)(H) Future SIP revisions: As previously discussed, ADEM 
is responsible for adopting air quality rules and revising SIPs as 
needed to attain or maintain the NAAQS. Alabama has the ability and 
authority to respond to calls for SIP revisions, and has provided a 
number of SIP revisions over the years for implementation of the NAAQS. 
These requirements are met through ADEM Administrative Codes 335-1-
1-.03 ``Organization and Duties of the Commission,'' \21\ which 
provides ADEM with the authority to establish, adopt, promulgate, 
modify, repeal and suspend rules, regulations, or environmental 
standards which may be applicable to Alabama or ``any of its geographic 
parts'' and 335-3-1-.03 ``Ambient Air Quality Standards,'' which 
provides ADEM the authority to amend, revise, and incorporate the NAAQS 
into its SIP. Alabama currently has one area designated nonattainment 
for the 2008 Lead NAAQS located in Troy, Alabama related to the Sanders 
Lead Company. ADEM submitted an attainment demonstration for this area 
on November 9, 2012. EPA approved this attainment demonstration on 
January 28, 2014. See 79 FR 4407. Accordingly, EPA has made the 
preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP and practices adequately 
demonstrate a commitment to provide future SIP revisions related to the 
2008 Lead NAAQS, when necessary.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \21\ This regulation has not been incorporated into the 
federally-approved SIP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    10. 110(a)(2)(J) Consultation with government officials, public 
notification, PSD, and visibility protection: EPA is proposing to 
approve Alabama's infrastructure SIP submission for the 2008 Lead NAAQS 
with respect to the general requirement in section 110(a)(2)(J) to 
include a program in the SIP that provides for meeting the applicable 
consultation requirements of section 121, the public notification 
requirements of section 127; and visibility protection requirements of 
part C of the Act. With respect to Alabama's infrastructure SIP 
submission related to the preconstruction PSD permitting requirements 
of section 110(a)(2)(J), EPA took final action to approve Alabama's 
November 4, 2011 2008 Lead NAAQS infrastructure SIP for these 
requirements on March 18, 2015. See 80 FR 14019. EPA's rationale for 
its proposed action regarding applicable consultation requirements of 
section 121, the public notification requirements of section 127, and 
visibility protection requirements is described below.
    Consultation with government officials (121 consultation): Section 
110(a)(2)(J) of the CAA requires states to provide a process for 
consultation with local governments, designated organizations and 
federal land managers (FLMs) carrying out NAAQS implementation 
requirements pursuant to section 121 relative to consultation. ADEM 
Admin. Code 335-3-1-.03 ``Ambient Air Quality Standards,'' as well as 
its Regional Haze Implementation Plan (which allows for continued 
consultation with appropriate state, local, and tribal air pollution 
control agencies as well as the corresponding FLMs), provide for 
consultation with government officials whose jurisdictions might be 
affected by SIP development activities. Specifically, Alabama adopted 
state-wide consultation procedures for the implementation of 
transportation conformity which includes the development of mobile 
inventories for SIP development. These consultation procedures were 
developed in

[[Page 42773]]

coordination with the transportation partners in the State and are 
consistent with the approaches used for development of mobile 
inventories for SIPs. Required partners covered by Alabama's 
consultation procedures include federal, state and local transportation 
and air quality agency officials. EPA has made the preliminary 
determination that Alabama's SIP and practices adequately demonstrate 
consultation with government officials related to the 2008 Lead NAAQS 
when necessary.
    Public notification (127 public notification): To meet the public 
notification requirements of section 110(a)(2)(J), ADEM cites Alabama 
Code Sec.  22-28-21 ``Air Pollution Emergencies'' and ADEM 
Administrative Code 335-3-14-.01(7) ``Public Participation,'' which 
requires that ADEM notify the public of any air pollution alert, 
warning, or emergency. The ADEM Web site also sites air quality summary 
data and air quality index reports. Alabama maintains a public Web site 
on which daily air quality index forecasts and summary data are posted. 
This Web site can be accessed at: http://adem.alabama.gov/programs/air/airquality.cnt. EPA has made the preliminary determination that 
Alabama's SIP and practices adequately demonstrate the State's ability 
to provide public notification related to the 2008 Lead NAAQS when 
necessary. Accordingly, EPA is proposing to approve Alabama's 
infrastructure SIP submission with respect to section 110(a)(2)(J) 
public notification.
    Visibility Protection: The 2011 Lead Infrastructure SIP Guidance 
notes that the lead constituent of PM would likely not travel far 
enough to affect Class I areas and that the visibility provisions of 
the CAA do not directly regulate lead. EPA recognizes that states are 
subject to visibility protection and regional haze program requirements 
under Part C of the Act (which includes sections 169A and 169B). 
However, in the event of the establishment of a new primary NAAQS, the 
visibility protection and regional haze program requirements under part 
C of the CAA do not change. EPA thus does not expect states to address 
visibility for this element in Lead infrastructure submittals. Thus, 
EPA concludes there are no new applicable visibility protection 
obligations under section 110(a)(2)(J) as a result of the 2008 Lead 
NAAQS. Accordingly, EPA is proposing to approve section 110(a)(2)(J) of 
ADEM's infrastructure SIP submission with respect to visibility.
    EPA has made the preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP and 
practices adequately demonstrate the State's ability to meet the 
general requirement in section 110(a)(2)(J) to include a program in the 
SIP that provides for meeting the applicable consultation requirements 
of section 121, the public notification requirements of section 127 and 
visibility protection associated with regional haze. EPA has also 
preliminarily determined that it is appropriate approve the State's 
Lead infrastructure SIP submission with respect to the visibility 
aspects of section 110(a)(2)(J). EPA is making no determinations with 
respect the PSD requirements of section 110(a)(2)(J), which will be 
addressed in a different notice.
    11. 110(a)(2)(K) Air quality modeling/data: Section 110(a)(2)(K) of 
the CAA requires that SIPs provide for performing air quality modeling 
so that effects on air quality of emissions from NAAQS pollutants can 
be predicted and submission of such data to the USEPA can be made. ADEM 
Administrative Code 335-3-1-.04 ``Monitoring Records and Reporting'' 
and 335-3-14-.04 ``Prevention of Significant Deterioration Permitting'' 
which incorporates 40 CFR part 51, Appendix W ``Guideline on Air 
Quality Models,'' demonstrate that Alabama has the authority to provide 
relevant data for the purpose of predicting the effect on ambient air 
quality of the 2008 Lead NAAQS. Additionally, Alabama supports a 
regional effort to coordinate the development of emissions inventories 
and conduct regional modeling for several NAAQS, including the 2008 
Lead NAAQS, for the southeastern states. Taken as a whole, Alabama's 
air quality regulations and practices demonstrate that ADEM has the 
authority to provide relevant data for the purpose of predicting the 
effect on ambient air quality of the Lead NAAQS. EPA has made the 
preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP and practices adequately 
demonstrate the State's ability to provide for air quality and 
modeling, along with analysis of the associated data, related to the 
2008 Lead NAAQS when necessary.
    12. 110(a)(2)(L) Permitting fees: This section requires the owner 
or operator of each major stationary source to pay to the permitting 
authority, as a condition of any permit required under the CAA, a fee 
sufficient to cover (i) the reasonable costs of reviewing and acting 
upon any application for such a permit, and (ii) if the owner or 
operator receives a permit for such source, the reasonable costs of 
implementing and enforcing the terms and conditions of any such permit 
(not including any court costs or other costs associated with any 
enforcement action), until such fee requirement is superseded with 
respect to such sources by the Administrator's approval of a fee 
program under title V. To satisfy these requirements, ADEM's 
infrastructure SIP submission cites ADEM Admin. Code 335-1-6 
``Application Fees,'' \22\ which are State regulations authorized by 
legislation. Also, ADEM has an approved Title V program with a fee 
structure established in ADEM Admin. Code 335-1-7 ``Air Division 
Operating Permit Fees.'' \23\ The Title V fees cover the reasonable 
cost of implementation and enforcement of PSD and NNSR permits after 
they have been issued. EPA has made the preliminary determination that 
Alabama's SIP and practices adequately provide for permitting fees 
related to the Lead NAAQS, when necessary.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \22\ This regulation has not been incorporated into the 
federally-approved SIP.
    \23\ Title V program regulations are federally approved but not 
incorporated into the federally-approved SIP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    12. 110(a)(2)(M) Consultation/participation by affected local 
entities: This element requires states to provide for consultation and 
participation in SIP development by local political subdivisions 
affected by the SIP. Alabama Administrative Code 335-3-14-.01(17) 
``Public Participation,'' 335-3-14-.04(6) ``Public Participation,'' and 
335-3-14-.05(13) ``Public Participation, ``of the Alabama SIP requires 
that ADEM notify the public of an application, preliminary 
determination, the activity or activities involved in the permit 
action, any emissions change associated with any permit modification, 
and the opportunity for comment prior to making a final permitting 
decision. ADEM worked closely with local political subdivisions during 
the development of its Transportation Conformity SIP and Regional Haze 
Implementation Plan. Required partners covered by Alabama's 
consultation procedures include federal, state and local transportation 
and air quality agency officials. The state and local transportation 
agency officials are most directly impacted by transportation 
conformity requirements and are required to provide public involvement 
for their activities including the analysis demonstrating how they meet 
transportation conformity requirements. Alabama has worked with the 
FLMs as a requirement of its regional haze rule. EPA has made the 
preliminary determination that Alabama's SIP and practices adequately 
demonstrate consultation with affected

[[Page 42774]]

local entities related to the 2008 Lead NAAQS when necessary.

V. Proposed Action

    With the exception of the PSD permitting requirements for major 
sources of sections 110(a)(2)(C), prong 3 of (D)(i) and (J), and the 
state board requirements of section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii), EPA is proposing 
to approve that ADEM's infrastructure SIP submission, submitted 
November 4, 2011, for the 2008 Lead NAAQS meets the above described 
infrastructure SIP requirements. EPA is proposing to disapprove section 
110(a)(2)(E)(ii) of Alabama's infrastructure submission because the 
State's implementation plan does not contain provisions to comply with 
section 128 of the Act, and thus Alabama's November 4, 2011, 
infrastructure SIP submission does not meet the requirements of the 
Act. This proposed approval in part and disapproval in part, however, 
does not include the PSD permitting requirements for major sources of 
section 110(a)(2)(C), prong 3 of (D)(i) and (J) because the Agency has 
taken final action on these requirements for 2008 Lead NAAQS for 
Alabama in a separate rulemaking.
    Under section 179(a) of the CAA, final disapproval of a submittal 
that addresses a requirement of a CAA Part D Plan or is required in 
response to a finding of substantial inadequacy as described in CAA 
section 110(k)(5) (SIP call) starts a sanctions clock. The portion of 
section 110(a)(2)(E)(ii) provisions (the provisions being proposed for 
disapproval in today's notice) were not submitted to meet requirements 
for Part D or a SIP call, and therefore, if EPA takes final action to 
disapprove this submittal, no sanctions will be triggered. However, if 
this disapproval action is finalized, that final action will trigger 
the requirement under section 110(c) that EPA promulgate a federal 
implementation plan (FIP) no later than 2 years from the date of the 
disapproval unless the State corrects the deficiency, and EPA approves 
the plan or plan revision before EPA promulgates such FIP.

VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Under the CAA, the Administrator is required to approve a SIP 
submission that complies with the provisions of the Act and applicable 
Federal regulations. 42 U.S.C. 7410(k); 40 CFR 52.02(a). Thus, in 
reviewing SIP submissions, EPA's role is to approve state choices, 
provided that they meet the criteria of the CAA. Accordingly, this 
proposed action merely approves state law as meeting Federal 
requirements and does not impose additional requirements beyond those 
imposed by state law. For that reason, this proposed action:
     Is not a significant regulatory action subject to review 
by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Orders 12866 (58 
FR 51735, October 4, 1993) and 13563 (76 FR 3821, January 21, 2011);
     does not impose an information collection burden under the 
provisions of the Paperwork Reduction Act (44 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.);
     is certified as not having a significant economic impact 
on a substantial number of small entities under the Regulatory 
Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 601 et seq.);
     does not contain any unfunded mandate or significantly or 
uniquely affect small governments, as described in the Unfunded 
Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (Pub. L. 104-4);
     does not have Federalism implications as specified in 
Executive Order 13132 (64 FR 43255, August 10, 1999);
     is not an economically significant regulatory action based 
on health or safety risks subject to Executive Order 13045 (62 FR 
19885, April 23, 1997);
     is not a significant regulatory action subject to 
Executive Order 13211 (66 FR 28355, May 22, 2001);
     is not subject to requirements of Section 12(d) of the 
National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act of 1995 (15 U.S.C. 272 
note) because application of those requirements would be inconsistent 
with the Clean Air Act; and
     does not provide EPA with the discretionary authority to 
address, as appropriate, disproportionate human health or environmental 
effects, using practicable and legally permissible methods, under 
Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
    The SIP is not approved to apply on any Indian reservation land or 
in any other area where EPA or an Indian tribe has demonstrated that a 
tribe has jurisdiction. In those areas of Indian country, the rule does 
not have tribal implications as specified by Executive Order 13175 (65 
FR 67249, November 9, 2000), nor will it impose substantial direct 
costs on tribal governments or preempt tribal law.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 52

    Environmental protection, Air pollution control, Incorporation by 
reference, Intergovernmental relations, Lead, and Recordkeeping 
requirements.

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

    Dated: July 6, 2015.
Heather McTeer Toney,
Regional Administrator, Region 4.
[FR Doc. 2015-17733 Filed 7-17-15; 8:45 am]
 BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


