Appendix 2A

RHODE ISLAND

DEPARTMENT OF

ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

OFFICE OF AIR RESOURCES

2002 EMISSIONS INVENTORY

2/12/2008TABLE OF CONTENTS

  TOC \f \h \z    HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125115"  1.0    Introduction and
Summary	  PAGEREF _Toc173125115 \h  4  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125116"  1.1  Scope	  PAGEREF _Toc173125116 \h  4
 

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125117"  1.2   Purpose	  PAGEREF _Toc173125117 \h
 4  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125118"  1.3  Responsible Agency	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125118 \h  4  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125119"  1.4   Data Format	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125119 \h  5  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125120"  1.5  Stationary Point Source Inventory	 
PAGEREF _Toc173125120 \h  5  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125121"  1.6   Stationary Nonpoint Source
Inventory	  PAGEREF _Toc173125121 \h  5  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125122"  1.7   Mobile Source Inventory	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125122 \h  6  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125123"  1.8 Summary of Emissions Data	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125123 \h  6  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125124"  2.0 Stationary Point Sources	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125124 \h  9  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125125"  2.1 Introduction	  PAGEREF _Toc173125125
\h  9  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125126"  2.2 Compiling the point source list	 
PAGEREF _Toc173125126 \h  9  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125127"  2.3 Emissions Estimation Procedures	 
PAGEREF _Toc173125127 \h  15  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125128"  2.3.1 Exclusion of nonreactive VOC from
Emissions Totals	  PAGEREF _Toc173125128 \h  15  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125129"  2.3.2 General Procedures	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125129 \h  15  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125130"  2.3.3   Documentation for Sources using
Volatile Organic Liquids for Degreasing, Cold Cleaning, Miscellaneous
Industrial Solvent Use and Surface Coating without Control Equipment	 
PAGEREF _Toc173125130 \h  15  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125131"  2.3.4   Miscellaneous Surface Coating
and Printing Sources with Control Equipment	  PAGEREF _Toc173125131 \h 
16  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125132"  2.3.5 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion	
 PAGEREF _Toc173125132 \h  19  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125133"  2.3.6 Gasoline Storage and Handling
Facilities	  PAGEREF _Toc173125133 \h  20  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125134"  2.3.7  Boat Building	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125134 \h  20  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125135"  3.0  NONPOINT SOURCES	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125135 \h  25  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125136"  3.1  Emissions from Nonpoint Source
Gasoline Distribution Losses	  PAGEREF _Toc173125136 \h  26  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125137"  3.2 Aviation Gasoline	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125137 \h  28  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125138"  3.4 Solvent Utilization	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125138 \h  28  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125139"  3.5 Commercial and Consumer Products	 
PAGEREF _Toc173125139 \h  34  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125140"  3.6 Cutback and Emulsified Asphalt	 
PAGEREF _Toc173125140 \h  35  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125141"  3.7 Dry cleaning	  PAGEREF _Toc173125141
\h  37  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125142"  3.8  Publicly Owned Treatment Works
(POTWs) and Composting	  PAGEREF _Toc173125142 \h  38  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125143"  3.9 Small Stationary Source Combustion	 
PAGEREF _Toc173125143 \h  40  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125144"  3.10 Residential Wood Combustion	 
PAGEREF _Toc173125144 \h  43  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125145"  3.11Commercial Cooking	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125145 \h  44  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125146"  3.12 Agricultural Tilling	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125146 \h  45  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125147"  3.13 Paved and Unpaved Roads	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125147 \h  46  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125148"  3.14 Construction	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125148 \h  46  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125149"  3.14.1 Non-residential Construction	 
PAGEREF _Toc173125149 \h  46  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125150"  3.14.2 Residential Construction	 
PAGEREF _Toc173125150 \h  47  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125151"  3.15 Fires/ Open Burning	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125151 \h  47  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125152"  3.15.1 Structural Fires	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125152 \h  47  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125153"  3.15.2 Residential Open Burning	 
PAGEREF _Toc173125153 \h  48  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125154"  3.16 Nonpoint Ammonia Sources	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125154 \h  49  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125155"  3.16.1 Agricultural Production	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125155 \h  49  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125156"  3.16.2  Agricultural Fertilizer
Application	  PAGEREF _Toc173125156 \h  50  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125157"  3.16.3   Industrial Refrigeration	 
PAGEREF _Toc173125157 \h  50  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125158"  3.17 Biogenic Sources	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125158 \h  55  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125159"  4.0 Mobile Sources	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125159 \h  63  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125160"  4.1 Non-Road Sources	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125160 \h  63  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125161"  4.2  Aicraft	  PAGEREF _Toc173125161 \h 
65  

     HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125162"  4.3 Commercial Vessels	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125162 \h  68  

     HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125163"  4.4 Locomotives	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125163 \h  69  

     HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125164"  4.5 On-road Mobile Sources	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125164 \h  71  

  HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125165"  5.0  QA/QC	  PAGEREF _Toc173125165 \h 
65  

     HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125166"  5.1  Purpose and Intention	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125166 \h  65  

     HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125167"  5.2  Roles and Responsibilities	 
PAGEREF _Toc173125167 \h  65  

     HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125168"  5.3  Point Sources	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125168 \h  66  

     HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125169"  5.4  Nonpoint Sources:	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125169 \h  67  

     HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125170"  5.5  On-Road Mobile Sources	  PAGEREF
_Toc173125170 \h  68  

     HYPERLINK \l "_Toc173125171"  5.6  Non-Road Mobile Sources	 
PAGEREF _Toc173125171 \h  68  

 

Attachment A:  “Air Pollutant Emissions Inventories for Block Island
State Airport, Newport State Airport, North Central State Airport,
Quonset State Airport, TF Green State Airport, and Westerly State
Airport”

Attachment B:   On-road Mobile Source Files

Attachment C:   Non-road Mobile Source Files

1.0    Introduction and Summary  TC “1.0    Introduction and
Summary” \f C \l “1”  

This document presents the 2002 base year emission inventory for Rhode
Island.  The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has
designated 2002 as the base year for State Implementation Plan (SIP)
revisions developed to show attainment of the 8-hour ozone and
particulate matter smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS).   The EPA has classified Rhode Island as a
moderate nonattainment area for the 8-hour ozone standard.    Rhode
Island is in attainment of the PM2.5 standard at this time but this
document includes a PM2.5 inventory that has been developed for regional
modeling purposes.  Additionally, the Consolidated Emissions Reporting
Rule (CERR) requires states to prepare an inventory every three years
for criteria pollutants.  This document, along with electronic data
submitted in June 2004, meet the criteria specified in the CERR. 

 Scope  TC “1.1  Scope” \f C \l “2”  

This inventory addresses emissions of volatile organic compounds (VOC)
and oxides of nitrogen (NOx), which are ozone precursors, as well as
sulfur dioxide (SO2), carbon monoxide (CO), ammonia (NH3), PM2.5
(filterable and condensable fractions) and particulate matter less than
10 microns (PM10) (filterable and condensable fractions).  The inventory
includes emissions from stationary point, stationary nonpoint, on-road
mobile and non-road mobile sources and covers all areas of the State,
since the entire State is considered a nonattainment area for ozone.

1.2   Purpose  TC "1.2   Purpose" \f C \l "2"  

The 2002 base year inventory will be used for the following purposes:

Rhode Island, a moderate nonattainment area for the 8-hour ozone
standard, must submit a SIP revision to the EPA in 2007 demonstrating
that the State will be in attainment of the 8-hour ozone standard by
2010.  The attainment SIP must include a reasonable further progress
analysis (RFP) that shows that ozone precursor emissions in the State
will be reduced by 15% between 2002 and 2008.  The inventory in this
document will be the 2002 RFP inventory and will be the basis for
projecting future year inventories for use in the RFP and in other parts
of the attainment demonstration.  

Although Rhode Island is in attainment of the PM2.5 standard, this
inventory, along with inventories from neighboring states, will be used
for regional modeling to evaluate the effectiveness of control
strategies to address regional attainment of the PM2.5 standard as well
as visibility degradation in Class 1 areas in the region.

1.3 Responsible Agency  TC "1.3  Responsible Agency" \f C \l "2"  

The Office of Air Resources of the Rhode Island Department of
Environmental Management (RI DEM) prepared the inventory.   Other Rhode
Island agencies that contributed information necessary for calculating
emissions include the Division of Motor Vehicles of the Department of
Administration and the Department of Transportation.   EPA and the Mid
Atlantic Regional Air Management Association, Mid-Atlantic/Northeast
Visibility Union (MARAMA/MANE-VU) have developed emission inventories
for several nonpoint source categories which were used in this inventory
as noted in the report.

1.4   Data Format  TC "1.4   Data Format" \f C \l "2"  

Both annual and typical summer weekday emissions for the 2002 base year
are provided in this document.  In addition, all base year emissions
have been entered in the EPA’s National Emissions Inventory (NEI)
database.

1.5 Stationary Point Source Inventory  TC "1.5  Stationary Point Source
Inventory" \f C \l "2"  

Chapter 2 of this document presents the results of the stationary point
source inventory.  The point source inventory was prepared from the
results of a mail survey of facilities in the State.  The names and
calculated emissions of all stationary commercial and industrial sources
which emitted at least 10 tons of VOC, 25 tons of NOx, or 100 tons of CO
in 2002 are listed in Chapter 2.    In all, 66 point sources were
identified.

Chapter 2 includes sample calculations documenting the methodologies
followed for the following types of sources:

	

Surface Coating Operations for sources with and without control
equipment

Degreasing Operations

Fuel Combustion in boilers

Boat Building

1.6   Stationary Nonpoint Source Inventory  TC "1.6   Stationary
Nonpoint Source Inventory" \f C \l "2"  

Chapter 3 of this document presents stationary nonpoint source emissions
estimates for several source categories.   The emissions estimates for
some of these source categories are taken from the EPA National
Emissions Inventory (NEI) of nonpoint sources.    For some source
categories, Rhode Island used emission inventory estimates developed by
MARAMA/ MANE-VU Chapter 3 outlines the methodologies and the sources
used to calculate emissions from nonpoint sources. The following
nonpoint source categories are included in this report:

Gasoline Distribution

Portable Fuel Containers

Architectural Coating

Automobile Refinishing

Industrial Adhesives

Commercial/Consumer Solvent Use

Surface Cleaning

Surface Coating

Graphic Arts

Process Solvents

Traffic Paint

Publicly Owned Treatment Works(POTWS)/Composting

Paved and Unpaved Roads

Residential/Nonresidential Construction

Fires

Residential Wood burning

Commercial Cooking

Cutback and Emulsified Asphalt

Small stationary source fossil fuel use

Agricultural production

Agricultural Tilling

Agricultural Fertilizer

Industrial Refrigeration

1.7   Mobile Source Inventory  TC "1.7   Mobile Source Inventory" \f C
\l "2"  

Non-road mobile source emissions are presented in Chapter 4 of this
document. Emissions from non-road engines were calculated using the EPA
Nonroad Emission model, core model version 2005a, February 2006 The
recently revised non-road model predicts emissions generated from more
than 80 basic and 260 specific types of equipment. Typically, equipment
in this category includes recreational vehicles, logging equipment,
tractors, construction equipment, residential/commercial lawn garden and
water pleasure craft. The model does not predict emissions from
commercial marine vessels, locomotives or aircraft.    

On-road mobile source emissions were calculated using EPA’s Mobile 6
model.  Input data necessary to run the model were obtained from the
Department of Transportation and the Division of Motor Vehicles of the
Department of Administration.

1.8 Summary of Emissions Data  TC "1.8 Summary of Emissions Data" \f C
\l "2"  

Annual emissions and emissions during a typical summer weekday were
calculated for the ozone precursors, VOC and NOx. Annual emissions were
calculated for CO, PM2.5, PM10 and NH3 as well as for the ozone
precursors.  Total 2002 emissions annual and typical summer weekday
emissions for Rhode Island are as follows:

Pollutant	Total Emissions (tons)

	Annual	Summer Weekday

VOC	41,494	117

NOx	27,924	73

CO	269,981	N/a

PM2.5	3,863	N/a

PM10	8,480	N/a

NH3	1,698	N/a



The distribution of typical 2002 summer weekday emissions of VOC and
NOx by source type is as follows:

Source Type	Summer Weekday Emissions (tons/day)

	VOC	NOx

Stationary point sources	10.3	 7.0

Stationary nonpoint sources	47.9	3.4

Non-road  mobile sources	26.8	19.7

On-road mobile sources	32.3	42.4

Biogenic sources	124.2	0.68



The distribution of annual emissions by source type is shown in the
following table:

Source Type	Annual Emissions (tons/year)

	VOC	CO	NOx	PM2.5	PM10	NH3

Stationary point sources	  3,095	     1,955	 2,225	124	156	217

Stationary nonpoint sources	16,809	   10,810	 3,045	2,982	7,981	626

Non-road  mobile sources	8,763	68,904	5,934	548	n/a	4

On-road mobile sources	12,827	188,312	16,720	209	343	851

Biogenic sources	18,120	1925.13	158.49	n/a	n/a	n/a



 

 2.0 Stationary Point Sources  TC "2.0 Stationary Point Sources" \f C
\l "1"  

2.1 Introduction  TC "2.1 Introduction" \f C \l "2"  

This section documents the development of the Rhode Island Nonattainment
Area stationary point source list and characterizes the overall process
used to obtain point source emission estimates by describing the data
collection, verification and emission estimation techniques used.  For
the purposes of this emission inventory, point sources are defined as
stationary commercial or industrial operations that emit 10 or more tons
per year (tpy) of VOC, 25 or more tpy of NOx, 100 or more tpy of CO
and/or 100 or more tpy of PM. The point source inventory consists of
actual emissions for the base year 2002 for point sources in the five
Rhode Island nonattainment counties.

RI DEM’s Office of Air Resources was the sole agency responsible for
compiling the point source inventory.  RI DEM was responsible for
identifying point sources meeting the cutoff criteria, verifying and
documenting the method used to calculate emissions from each source and
summarizing and presenting its findings.

The remainder of this section details the point source data collection
techniques, explains emission estimation procedures and provides
detailed tables of point source emissions estimates.

2.2 Compiling the point source list  TC "2.2 Compiling the point source
list" \f C \l "2"  

This section describes methods used to develop the initial point source
list from which point source emissions for the 2002 Rhode Island base
year inventory were estimated.  This section is included in order to
demonstrate that the point source list is as complete as possible.

Point source data collection activities for the 2002 base year inventory
began in January 2003.  An existing point source emission inventory,
compiled for the 1990 base year and subsequently used to develop 1996
and 1999 projection inventories, formed the starting point for the point
source list. The inventory list had been updated annually since its
initial development.  Manufacturing sources that emit criteria or
hazardous air pollutants and sources known to be major fuel users are
included in the inventory.  

The Rhode Island Directory of Manufacturers was used to search for any
new or previously unidentified manufacturing sources in the State. 
Sources in manufacturing SIC codes that have more than 10 employees were
added to the inventory form distribution list.  Internet searches were
used to obtain lists of boat builders in Rhode Island and all boat
builders identified were added to the list.  In addition, the Office of
Air Resources’ list of permitted air pollution sources was reviewed
and all new sources from that list were added.  Potential point sources
identified by staff engineers were also added.  In total 600 sources
were inventoried for the 2002 base year inventory.

Rhode Island’s 2002 Point Source Inventory mailing was first sent out
in February 2003.  Forms were due April 15, 2003, and those sources that
had not returned their forms by that date were sent a second set of
forms with a Letter of Noncompliance.  Approximately 85 forms were not
returned.  Based on the type of industry and the number of employees at
these sources, it was determined that the sources that did not return
the forms would not have met the thresholds to be considered point
sources.  Emissions from these sources are accounted for in the nonpoint
source portion of the inventory.

Emissions were calculated as described in section 2.3 below. Sources
with emissions at or above the thresholds in section 2.1 were included
in the final comprehensive point source list. The following table shows
that list, including includes the name, location and annual emissions in
tpy by pollutant for each identified point source.



Annual Emissions from Point Sources (tpy)

FACILITY NAME	VOC	NOx	CO	SO2	PM10	PM2.5	

NH3

BRISTOL COUNTY	 	 	 	 	 	 

	ALBIN MARINE	11.61	3.23	0.22	6.84	0.10	0.07	0.03

DISPLAY WORLD	18.93	0.30	0.06	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.00

QUARTER MOON	11.12	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

SAINT GOBAIN PERFORMANCE PLASTICS	12.82	1.45	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00

TPI INC. (WARREN)	31.99	0.72	0.14	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.00

TOTAL TONS BRISTOL COUNTY	86.47	5.70	0.42	6.86	0.14	0.11	0.03

 	 	 	 	 	 	 

	KENT COUNTY	 	 	 	 	 	 

	ARKWRIGHT*	91.58	9.76	2.41	0.06	0.88	0.48	0.05

CLARIANT CORPORATION	22.27	15.21	19.85	4.40	2.09	1.23	0.44

LEVITON	25.65	13.81	2.02	26.28	1.77	1.50	0.17

MERIDIAN PRINTING, INC.	18.01	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00  	0.02	0.00

ORIGINAL BRADFORD SOAP WORKS*	55.62	11.34	1.17	22.92	1.80	1.26	1.78

SOLUOL CHEMICAL CO., INC.	35.48	0.42	0.35	0.00	0.03	0.03	0.00

STANLEY-BOSTITCH, INC. (EG)*	21.64	15.85	2.05	25.63	2.08	1.43	0.90

UNITED PRINTING	11.13	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

TOTAL TONS KENT COUNTY	281.37	66.41	27.85	79.29	8.65	5.95	3.34

 	 	 	 	 	 	 

	NEWPORT COUNTY	 	 	 	 	 	 

	NAVAL STATION NEWPORT,CODE N8N	6.30	41.90	23.50	19.60	4.20	4.20	0.48

TIVERTON POWER	0.00	35.77	15.08	3.54	6.50	6.50	3.69

TOTAL TONS NEWPORT COUNTY	6.30	77.67	38.58	23.14	10.70	10.70	4.17

 	 	 	 	 	 	 

	PROVIDENCE COUNTY	 	 	 	 	 	 

	ALGONQUIN GAS TRANSMISSION CO. (B)	10.33	11.00	15.88	0.52	0.01	0.01

	B & D PLASTICS, INC.	34.88	0.09	0.02	0.42	0.00	0.00	0.00

BLACKSTONE VALLEY PRESTAIN	29.88	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

BRANCH RIVER FOAM PLASTICS	23.14	0.15	0.13	0.00	0.01	0.01	0.00

FACILITY NAME	VOC	NOx	CO	SO2	PM10-PRI	PM2.5-PRI	NH3

BROWN UNIVERSITY	4.10	77.25	9.97	211.14	11.95	5.67	1.24

CCL CUSTOM MFG	107.34	8.14	0.91	5.72	0.80	0.63	2.75

CENTRAL LANDFILL	160.45	38.42	192.97	8.57	0.25	0.25	0.00

COOLEY, INC.*	88.49	2.53	1.93	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

CRANSTON WCF	42.78	29.60	135.00	20.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

EASTERN BUTCHER BLOCK CORP.	12.46	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

FIBER MARK	59.79	2.47	1.06	0.07	0.00	0.00	0.00

GENERAL CABLE INDUSTRIES, LLC	17.15	8.15	2.69	11.16	1.06	0.80	0.14

HERRICK & WHITE LTD.	11.06	0.12	0.02	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

HOMESTEAD BAKING CO.	12.12	1.38	0.35	4.96	0.16	0.11	0.03

HONEYWELL SENSING & CONTROL	20.33	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

JB PRATA	35.71	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

METAL RECYCLING CO, INC.	1.18	84.94	13.99	1.22	1.62	1.56	0.61

MOBIL*	635.00	12.31	30.78	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

MONARCH INDUSTRIES	22.00	0.50	0.10	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

MOTIVA ENTERPRISES LLC.*	453.00	0.13	0.02	0.47	0.00	0.00	0.00

NARRAGANSETT BAY COMMISSION FIELDS POINT	12.92	36.15	127.57	2.34	0.00
0.00	0.00

NEW ENGLAND CONTAINER*	121.00	3.02	0.60	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

NEW ENGLAND PRINTED TAPE COMPANY*	30.91	1.00	0.21	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

OCEAN STATE POWER	19.98	314.31	236.64	2.53	7.55	7.31	112.89

OSRAM SYLVANIA PRODUCTS INC.	16.29	251.94	16.75	123.88	0.00	0.00	28.61

PACKAGING GRAPHICS	15.42	0.32	0.08	1.14	0.00	0.00	20.00

PORTOLA TECH INTERNATIONAL	42.38	1.90	0.29	0.04	0.02	0.02	0.00

PROVIDENCE METALLIZING CO., INC.*	22.21	10.63	0.87	22.00	1.50	1.04	0.11

R.I. CENTRAL POWER PLANT/CONTIGUOUS PROP	7.08	167.92	105.77	105.04	14.49
13.26	2.14

RI STATE ENERGY CENTER	3.87	17.09	53.78	0.91	13.57	13.57	10.26

R.I. TEXTILE CO.	14.86	0.66	0.16	4.74	0.08	0.05	     0.03

RHODE ISLAND HOSPITAL	15.66	256.26	25.54	520.15	30.90	15.00	2.77

RIDGEWOOD PROVIDENCE POWER PARTNERS 	10.79	59.05	307.85	0.00	0.00	8.41
0.00



FACILITY NAME	VOC	NOx	CO	SO2	PM10	PM2.5	NH3

SLATER DYE CUMBERLAND	50.34	5.13	0.74	4.57	0.34	0.24	0.2

SLATER DYE WORKS & SLATER SCREEN PRINT	46.47	22.05	2.95	31.79	2.50	1.80
0.75

SMITHFIELD PEAT CO. INC.	2.44	33.96	25.95	0.77	0.50	0.50	0.21

TEKNOR APEX	35.49	21.24	1.69	44.24	3.39	2.35	0.23

USGEN NEW ENGLAND INC	11.96	287.60	115.74	5.60	7.36	7.36	2.04

WOONSOCKET WWTF	3.92	54.34	372.99	0.71	0.00	0.00	0.00

UNION INDUSTRIES*	40.45	1.86	0.25	1.99	0.15	0.11	0.00

TOTAL TONS PROVIDENCE COUNTY	2305.63	1823.57	1802.24	1136.67	98.06	79.93
185.01

 	 	 	 	 	 	 

	WASHINGTON COUNTY	 	 	 	 	 	 

	ASHAWAY LINE AND TWINE	15.33	0.76	0.37	2.36	0.18	0.12	0.02

BLOCK ISLAND POWER CO.	2.46	44.28	23.72	3.19	3.40	3.20	 10.84



BRADFORD DYEING ASSOCIATION INC.	36.82	92.82	9.61	284.15	21.60	15.00
12.94

BROOKWOOD LAMINATING, INC.*	59.75	0.80	0.16	0.01	0.00	0.00	0.00

CHARBERT INC. DIV. OF NFA	13.11	6.95	1.74	24.96	0.80	0.54	0.28

DARLINGTON FABRICS CORP. (CANAL ST.)	0.21	30.72	3.00	67.66	4.47	3.10
0.29

DEWAL*	10.79	0.   00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

ELECTRIC BOAT CORPORATION	10.91	1.73	0.38	2.33	0.15	0.10	0.00

KENYON INDUSTRIES, INC.*	222.50	51.34	4.34	94.80	7.30	5.00	0.00

SENESCO	17.80	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

TORAY PLASTICS AMERICA*	25.52	22.69	42.67	0.24	0.00	0.00	0.00

TOTAL TONS WASHINGTON COUNTY	415.20	252.08	85.99	479.70	37.90	27.06
24.37

 	 	 	 	 	 	 

	STATEWIDE TONS PER YEAR	3,094.97	2,225.42	1,955.09	1,725.66	155.59
123.75	216.94

	 	 	 	 	 	 

	

*VOC EMISSIONS WITH RULE EFFECTIVENESS

 2.3 Emissions Estimation Procedures  TC "2.3 Emissions Estimation
Procedures" \f C \l "2"  

2.3.1 Exclusion of nonreactive VOC from Emissions Totals  TC "2.3.1
Exclusion of nonreactive VOC from Emissions Totals" \f C \l "3"  .

Only reactive VOCs, as defined by the EPA, are reported in this
inventory.  Both reactive and nonreactive VOCs were reported to RI DEM
on the emissions inventory forms.  All emissions were speciated and
entered into the RI DEM database by CAS number.  To determine which
facilities should be considered point sources for the base year
inventory, VOC emissions were summed, excluding those compounds which
are designated by EPA as nonreactive.

For some source categories, emission factors for total VOC from the EPA
AP-42 document were used when speciated emissions factors were not
available.  Many of the sources in those categories do not emit
nonreactive VOC.  When emission factors for methane and non-methane VOC
were both given in AP-42, the emission factor for non-methane VOC was
used in calculations.

2.3.2 General Procedures  TC "2.3.2 General Procedures" \f C \l "3"  

In the majority of cases, emission estimates for point sources were
calculated using material balance methods.  For other sources, emission
factors from AP-42 and source test data were used.  Emissions estimates
were adjusted to reflect rule effectiveness considerations and
seasonality where applicable.  The following equation was used to
account for rule effectiveness and seasonal adjustments:

	Es =    EA*Ts   [1- Ce (RE)]

           	D*Ws

Es = Seasonally adjusted (summer weekday) emissions (lb/day)

Ea = Annual emissions of VOC, NOx, CO or PM (lb/year)

Ts = Throughput during the ozone season, as a fraction of annual
throughput

D = Days in operation per week (days/week)

Ws = Weeks of ozone season (weeks/year)

Ce = Control efficiency

RE = Rule effectiveness

In the following sections, examples are provided to show how emissions
estimates were calculated for the point sources.

  

2.3.3   Emissions Calculations for Sources using Volatile Organic
Liquids for Degreasing, Cold Cleaning, Miscellaneous Industrial Solvent
Use and Surface Coating without Control Equipment  TC "2.3.3  
Documentation for Sources using Volatile Organic Liquids for Degreasing,
Cold Cleaning, Miscellaneous Industrial Solvent Use and Surface Coating
without Control Equipment" \f C \l "3"  

For point source degreasing, cold cleaning, surface coating and/or other
miscellaneous operations without control equipment, VOC emissions were
calculated by material balance.  Credit was given for solvent which was
manifested off-site.  In cases in which the percentage of a chemical in
hazardous waste was unknown, a default value of 80% was used.  This
figure was based on information from the State’s main recycler of
solvents.

Ozone season activity levels were based on summer production levels
reported by each company.  Typical summer day emissions were calculated
with the formula in section 2.3.2 using the seasonal activity and
operating schedule information reported by the company.  Emissions were
speciated and non-reactive solvents were not included when determining
whether a source met the 10 tpy threshold.  Example summary information
and calculations for a degreaser follow.

Sample Mass Balance Calculation

Degreaser 

 	 

Year beginning inventory	700 pounds trichloroethylene

Trichloroethylene purchased 2002	10,000 pounds

Year ending inventory	200 pounds

Amount waste solvent reported manifested as hazardous waste	3,000 pounds

Percent of manifested waste that is this chemical	Unknown - 80% default
assumed

Production and operating information	24% of annual production in
June-August

 	Operating hours: 8hrs/day, 5 days/wk

 	50-wks/yr (2 wk shutdown July)

Emission Type	Calculation

Annual Emissions	(700+10,000) - (200 + (3,000*.80)) 

= 8,100 pounds per year

Typical Ozone day	(8,100 lbs * 0.24) / (5days/wk *10 wks/ozone season) 

= 39 lbs/day



2.3.4   Miscellaneous Surface Coating and Printing Sources with Control
Equipment  TC "2.3.4   Miscellaneous Surface Coating and Printing
Sources with Control Equipment" \f C \l "3"  

For surface coating or printing operations, the surveys asked for
information about the coating and ink formulations used at the facility,
including the gallons of coating used, the density of the coating, the
percent total VOC in the coating and the percent of listed chemicals in
the coating.  Spreadsheets were developed for each of the companies.  In
most cases, shipments of waste coating sent off- site as manifested
wastes were assumed to have the same solvent profile as the coating used
at the facility.  If the company provided results of testing of waste
for components, those data were used.  If the company had control
equipment, the capture and destruction efficiency of the control
equipment was obtained from either stack test data or permit conditions.
 Seasonal production and operation data provided on inventory forms were
used to determine daily emissions.  

Rule effectiveness adjustments were applied to VOC emissions directed to
air pollution control equipment as required by EPA.  In most cases, RI
DEM used the EPA default adjustment of 80%, which was multiplied by the
efficiency of the control equipment and increased the estimated amount
of VOC released from the facility.  The rule effectiveness adjustment is
intended to account for the control equipment not having been operated
at all times that it was supposed to have operated and for its
efficiency not being optimal at all times.  For five facilities with
control equipment, the Office calculated facility-specific rule
effectiveness adjustment factors using the questionnaire in the November
1992 EPA document entitled Guidelines for Estimation and Applying Rule
Effectiveness for Ozone/CO State Implementation Plan Base Year
Inventories.  Rule effectiveness adjustment factors calculated for those
facilities are as follows:

Company			Adjustment Factor

Arkwright				90

NEPTCO				89	

Providence Metallizing		86

Stanley Bostitch			89

Union Industries			91

		



Sample of Surface Coating Calculation



Gallons of Coating used in 2002	2,000 gal

Percent VOC in coating by weight	80%

Density of the coating	7.36 lbs/gal

Amount manifested	55 gallons

Percent of manifested waste that contains VOC (default is 80%)	80%

Calculation of amount of waste that is VOC.	Gallons of waste * average
density * percent waste that is VOC = pounds of VOC manifested

55 gal * 7.36 lb/gal * 80% = 324 lb



Calculation of uncontrolled pounds of solvent emitted.	Gallons of
coating used  * % VOC in coating * density of coating – pounds VOC
manifested = pounds emitted uncontrolled

2,000 gal * 66% VOC * 7.36 lbs/gal  – 324 lbs = 9,391 lb VOC 



Calculation of controlled emissions assuming an overall control
efficiency of 97%.  	Uncontrolled emissions * ( 1- overall efficiency)=
emissions without rule effectiveness

9,391 lbs * (1 - 0.97)  = 282 lbs of VOC without  RE

Calculation of VOC emissions with rule effectiveness (RE) using a
default RE factor of 80% and assuming overall control efficiency is 97%.
Uncontrolled emissions (1 - overall efficiency * RE factor)= emissions
with rule effectiveness

9,391 lbs * (1- 0.97 * 0.8)  = 2,104 lbs of VOC with RE 

Calculation of typical summer weekday emissions assuming 25% of the
surface coating took place in June - August and the facility operated 65
days.	Annual emissions * seasonal percentage / # of days operated
June-August

(With RE)

2,104 lbs * 0.25 / 65 days = 8.09 lb/day



2.3.5 Stationary Source Fuel Combustion  TC "2.3.5 Stationary Source
Fuel Combustion" \f C \l "3"  

All sources which burn fuel for electric generation, building heat or
for processes were required to submit data on the amount and type of
fuel burned by each type of equipment.  AP-42 contains emission factors
based on the type of source - utility, industrial or
commercial/institutional, the fuel type, and the size of the fuel
burning equipment.  AP-42 also contains emission factors for emergency
generators, engines and turbines.  Appropriate AP-42 emissions factors
were used to calculate emissions for all listed point sources except for
sources that provided data from continuous emission monitors or results
from stack testing.

  

Sample Boiler Calculation



Boiler size	75 mmbtu/hr industrial boiler

Type of fuel burned	No. 6 fuel oil

Amount of fuel burned 2002	50,000 gallons

Percent Sulfur in fuel	1%

Percent of fuel burned June-August	10%

Number of days operated June-August	30

Emission factors from AP-42

NOx  = 75 lbs/103 gal

SO2 = 159 * (% Sulfur) lbs/103 gal

CO =  5 lbs/103 gal

PM10  =((7.17*(1.12* (% Sulfur) +.37)+1.5) lbs/103 gal

VOC =  0.28 lb/103 gal	Amount of fuel burned * emission factor = pounds
emitted

NOx

50x103 gallons * 75 lb/103 gal = 3,750 lbs emitted

SO2

50x103 gallons * 159(1) lb/103 gal = 7,950 lbs emitted

CO

50x103 gallons * 5 lb/103 gal = 250 lbs emitted

PM10

(50x103 gallons* ((7.17*(1.12(1)+.37))+1.5) lb /103 gal) = 609 lbs
emitted

VOC

50x103 gallons * 0.28 lb/103 gal = 14 lbs emitted

Typical summer weekday emissions (VOC and NOx only)	Annual emissions *
seasonal %  / number of days operated June-August

NOx

3,750 lb * 10% / 30 days = 12.5 lb/day

VOC

14 lb* 10% / 30 days = 0.05 lb/day

2.3.6 Gasoline Storage and Handling Facilities  TC "2.3.6 Gasoline
Storage and Handling Facilities" \f C \l "3"  

Point source emissions from stationary source gasoline distribution
operations include emissions from all activities attributable to bulk
gasoline terminals.  These include emissions from gasoline loading,
storage tanks, and leaks from valves, flanges and pumps  There are
currently two bulk gasoline terminals operating in Rhode Island, Mobil
and Motiva.  Both of these sources provided the Office with emission
statements that detailed all emission points at the facility.  The
emissions statements were reviewed and found to be accurate.  Both
terminals ran the TANKS 3 program to estimate their emissions from the
storage tanks.   The terminals also supplied data on the amount of fuel
throughput while the vapor recovery unit was both operating and not
operating.   Loading losses were estimated using an emissions rate
determined by stack testing done at the facilities.   Neither facility
reported loading fuel on to barges.  Ballasting of barges is not
typically done dockside so no barge ballasting emissions were assumed.

2.3.7 Boat Building  TC "2.3.7  Boat Building" \f C \l "3"  

Emissions from boat building operations were calculated using the EPA
recommended method.  Section 4.4 of AP-42, “Polyester Resin Plastics
Fabrication” has been removed and now references emission factors
developed by the American Composites Manufacturers Association (ACMA). 
Those emissions factors are based on type of application method used, -
hand lay up, spray lay up or gelcoat spraying- and the percent styrene
in the resin.  Boat manufacturers were required to submit data on the
amount of resin used, the percent styrene in the resin and the type of
application used to apply each resin.    A spreadsheet was developed for
each boat builder.   

The ACMA emissions factors were not used for TPI in Warren.  TPI uses a
specialized vacuum bagging system for resin application.  The company
has determined emissions factors for this process through emissions
testing.  These factors were used for TPI.

Sample Boat Builders Calculation

Amount of Resin A used	4,000 pounds

% styrene in resin	35%

Application Method used	Hand lay up

Emission factor from ACMA table	95 lbs styrene emitted/ton of resin
processed

Emissions from resin A	Tons resin used * emission factor = lbs styrene
emitted

(4,000 lb/2,000 lb/ton) * 95 lbs styrene / ton resin = 190 lbs styrene
emitted

 

The following table lists the annual and ozone season emissions for VOC
point sources included in the 2002 Rhode Island Inventory:  

FACILITY NAME	2002 VOC

(tons/year)	

2002 Summer Weekday VOC emissions

(lbs/day)

BRISTOL COUNTY	 

	ALBIN MARINE	11.61	92

DISPLAY WORLD	18.93	147

QUARTER MOON	11.12	88

SAINT GOBAIN PERFORMANCE PLASTICS	12.82	99

TPI INC. (WARREN)	31.99	222

TOTAL TONS BRISTOL COUNTY	86.47	648

 	 

	KENT COUNTY	 

	ARKWRIGHT*	91.58	1855

CLARIANT CORPORATION	22.27	70

LEVITON	25.65	139

MERIDIAN PRINTING, INC.	18.01	122

ORIGINAL BRADFORD SOAP WORKS*	55.62	361

SOLUOL CHEMICAL CO., INC.	35.48	287

STANLEY-BOSTITCH, INC. (EG)*	21.64	175

UNITED PRINTING	11.13	87

TOTAL TONS KENT COUNTY	281.37	3096

 	 

	NEWPORT COUNTY	 

	TOTAL TONS NEWPORT COUNTY	0.00	0

 	 

	PROVIDENCE COUNTY	 

	ALGONQUIN GAS TRANSMISSION CO. (B)	10.33	39

B & D PLASTICS, INC.	34.88	277

BLACKSTONE VALLEY PRESTAIN	29.88	233

BRANCH RIVER FOAM PLASTICS	23.14	180

CCL CUSTOM MFG	107.34	794

CENTRAL LANDFILL	160.45	238

COOLEY, INC.*	88.49	545

CRANSTON WCF	42.78	302

EASTERN BUTCHER BLOCK CORP.	12.46	95

FIBER MARK	59.79	403

GENERAL CABLE INDUSTRIES, LLC	17.15	128

HERRICK & WHITE LTD.	11.06	88

HOMESTEAD BAKING CO.	12.12	96

HONEYWELL SENSING & CONTROL	20.33	169

JB PRATA	35.71	379

MOBIL*	635.00	3480

MONARCH INDUSTRIES	22.00	170



FACILITY NAME	2002 VOC

(tons/year)	

2002 Summer Weekday VOC emissions

(lbs/day)

Providence County (continued)	 

	NEW ENGLAND CONTAINER*	121.00	981

NEW ENGLAND PRINTED TAPE COMPANY*	30.91	258

OCEAN STATE POWER	19.98	105

OSRAM SYLVANIA PRODUCTS INC.	16.29	85

PACKAGING GRAPHICS	15.42	100

PORTOLA TECH INTERNATIONAL	42.38	325

PROVIDENCE METALLIZING CO., INC.*	22.21	205

R.I. TEXTILE CO.	14.86	123

RHODE ISLAND HOSPITAL	15.66	86

RIDGEWOOD PROVIDENCE POWER PARTNERS 	10.79	56

SLATER DYE WORKS  CUMBERLAND	50.34	404

SLATER DYE WORKS & SLATER SCREEN PRINT	46.47	387

TEKNOR APEX	35.49	291

USGEN NEW ENGLAND INC	11.96	75

UNION INDUSTRIES*	40.45	298

TOTAL TONS PROVIDENCE COUNTY	2283.04	13919

 	 

	WASHINGTON COUNTY	 

	ASHAWAY LINE AND TWINE	15.33	118

BRADFORD DYEING ASSOCIATION INC.	36.82	347

BROOKWOOD LAMINATING, INC.*	59.75	460

CHARBERT INC. DIV. OF NFA	13.11	109

DEWAL*	10.79	83

ELECTRIC BOAT CORPORATION	10.91	87

KENYON INDUSTRIES, INC.*	222.50	1218

SENESCO	17.80	148

TORAY PLASTICS AMERICA*	25.52	132

TOTAL TONS WASHINGTON COUNTY	412.53	2702

 	 

	STATEWIDE 	3063.41	20365

*VOC EMISSIONS WITH RULE EFFECTIVENESS	 

	

The following table shows estimated VOC emissions with and without rule
effectiveness considerations for Rhode Island VOC point sources that
used air pollution control equipment in 2002:

Facility	Type of Control Equipment	Estimated VOC Emissions Before Rule
Effectiveness

(tons/year)	Estimated VOC Emissions After Rule Effectiveness

(tons/year)

Arkwright	Incinerator	28.1	91.58

Brookwood Laminating	incinerator	35.67	59.75

Cooley	Incinerator	45.37	88.49

Dewal Industries	Incinerator	1.7	10.79

Kenyon Industries	Incinerator, condenser	130.2	222.5

Motiva	Vapor recovery unit	75.6	453

Mobil	Vapor recovery unit	73.64	635

NEPTCO	Incinerator	7.63	30.91

New England Container	Incinerator	40.3	121

Original Bradford Soap	Condenser	6.6	55.62

Providence Metallizing  	Incinerator	14.9	22.2

Stanley Bostitch	Incinerator	19.86	21.64

Toray Plastics	Control device	18.2	25.52

Union Industries	Incinerator	1.9	40.45





The following table summarizes the 2002 point source emissions of NOx
and CO in Rhode Island:

FACILITY NAME	2002 NOx

(tons/year)	2002 Summer Weekday NOx Emissions (lb/day)	2002 CO

(tons/year)

BRISTOL COUNTY	 



TOTAL TONS BRISTOL COUNTY	0.00

0

KENT COUNTY	 



TOTAL TONS KENT COUNTY	0.00

0

NEWPORT COUNTY	 



NAVAL STATION NEWPORT,CODE N8N	41.90	142	23.5

TIVERTON POWER	35.77	8	15.08

TOTAL TONS NEWPORT COUNTY	77.67	150	38.58

PROVIDENCE COUNTY	 



CENTRAL LANDFILL	38.42	142	192.97

CRANSTON WCF	29.60	240	135

NARRAGANSETT BAY COMMISSION FIELDS POINT	36.15	220	127.57

OCEAN STATE POWER	314.31	1642	236.64

OSRAM SYLVANIA PRODUCTS INC.	251.94	1402	16.75

R.I. CENTRAL POWER PLANT/CONTIGUOUS PROP	167.92	1796	105.77

RHODE ISLAND HOSPITAL	256.26	2169	25.54

RIDGEWOOD PROVIDENCE POWER PARTNERS L.P.	59.05	302	307.85

SMITHFIELD PEAT CO. INC.	33.96	270	25.95

USGEN NEW ENGLAND INC	287.60	1755	115.74

WOONSOCKET WWTF	54.34	330	372.99

TOTAL TONS PROVIDENCE COUNTY	1529.54	10268	1662.77

WASHINGTON COUNTY	 



BLOCK ISLAND POWER CO.	44.28	325	23.72

BRADFORD DYEING ASSOCIATION INC.	92.82	1127	9.61

DARLINGTON FABRICS CORP. (CANAL ST.)	30.72	147	3

KENYON INDUSTRIES, INC.*	51.34	281	4.34

TOTAL TONS WASHINGTON COUNTY	219.16	1880	40.68

STATEWIDE TONS PER YEAR	1826.36	12298	1742.03

*Sources which meet NOx or CO threshold criteria only

3.0 NONPOINT SOURCES  TC “3.0  NONPOINT SOURCES” \f C \l “1”  

EPA has prepared a nonpoint inventory for several source categories. 
Emissions methodologies used in that inventory are outlined in a report
prepared for the EPA by EH Pechan and Associates entitled
“Documentation for the Draft 2002 Nonpoint Source National Emission
Inventory for Criteria and Hazardous Air Pollutants“ (March 2005
version) hereinafter referred to as the Documentation.  Emissions
estimates in the EPA inventory were accepted by Rhode Island and used
for this nonpoint source inventory for the following source categories: 
 

Aviation Gasoline Distribution

Commercial Cooking

Nonpoint Source Fuel Combustion     

Construction (residential, non-residential and road)

Gasoline Distribution

Open Burning – Structural Fires

Solvent Utilization

Publicly Owned Treatment Plants (POTWs) (VOC only)

Paved/Unpaved Roads

Pesticide Application

Portable Fuel Containers

Agricultural Production

EH Pechan and Associates, under contract with MARAMA/MANE-VU, developed
emissions inventory estimates for residential wood combustion, open
burning (residential waste), industrial refrigeration, POTWs (NH3 only)
and composting activities.  These reports can be found online at the
following web address:   HYPERLINK "http://www.marama.org/visibility/" 
http://www.marama.org/visibility/ .  The Pechan estimates for those
categories were used for the Rhode Island inventory.

EPA has also published a series of guidance documents as part of its
Emission Inventory Improvement Project (EIIP) which contain
methodologies for calculating emissions from several source categories. 
These methodologies were used to calculate emissions for cutback and
emulsified asphalt application operations and for determining seasonal
activity factors for nonpoint source categories.  

For source categories for which emissions were calculated on a per
capita basis, the following 2002 population data, from the US Bureau of
Census, were used:

County	Population

BRISTOL	51,287

KENT	170,499

NEWPORT	85,986

PROVIDENCE	634,827

WASHINGTON	127,126

TOTAL	1,069,725



3.1 Emissions from Nonpoint Source Gasoline Distribution Losses  TC "3.1
 Emissions from Nonpoint Source Gasoline Distribution Losses" \f C \l
"2"  

Annual emissions estimates for nonpoint source gasoline distribution
were obtained from the EPA gasoline distribution inventory that was
developed for the final 2002 National Emissions Inventory.  EPA was
required to develop that national inventory to provide a consistent data
set for evaluating the impacts of potential regulatory alternatives to
support the Mobile Source Air Toxics Rule.  Since that inventory used
updated emission estimation methods, it was used in this inventory for
nonpoint sources.  The methodology is outlined in the Documentation.

Annual emissions were calculated for gasoline pipelines, bulk storage
terminals, gasoline tank trucks in transit, gasoline Stage I systems at
service stations, gasoline Stage II systems at service stations and
gasoline underground storage tank breathing and emptying losses. 
Emissions from bulk gasoline terminals and plants included in the EPA
report were not included in this section of the inventory since the
terminals in Rhode Island were included in the point source inventory.  
The data for gasoline pipelines was also excluded since no major
pipelines exist in Rhode Island.

To estimate pounds emitted per summer week day (ppsd), monthly data on
gasoline sales were obtained from the Division of Taxation.  From those
data it was determined that 27% of the gasoline was distributed during
the months of June, July and August.  

Gasoline distribution emissions by county for Rhode Island are as
follows:

Gasoline Stage I Service Stations Splash Filling (SCC 2501060052)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Bristol	5.60	32.86

Kent	30.31	177.91

Newport	11.52	67.62

Providence	98.02	575.33

Washington	24.81	145.62

Statewide Total	170.26	999.34



Gasoline Stage I Service Stations Balanced Filling (SCC 2501060053)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Bristol	4.05	23.77

Kent	21.94	128.78

Newport	8.34	48.95

Providence	70.94	416.39

Washington	17.96	105.41

Statewide Total	123.23	723.31

 

Gasoline Stage II Service Stations (SCC 2501060100)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Bristol	8.13	47.72

Kent	44.77	262.77

Newport	17.70	103.89

Providence	147.83	867.70

Washington	35.38	207.64

 Statewide Total	253.80	1,489.72



Gasoline Tank Trucks in Transit (SCC 2505000000)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Bristol	0.41	2.40

Kent	2.21	12.98

Newport	0.93	5.48

Providence	7.22	42.40

Washington	1.81	10.61

Statewide Total	12.58	73.86



Gasoline UST Breathing and Emptying (SCC 2501060201)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Bristol	6.24	36.63

Kent	33.81	198.45

Newport	14.28	83.83

Providence	110.45	648.31

Washington	27.63	162.16

Statewide Total	192.41	1,129.38



Annual Statewide Emissions from all gasoline distribution 

Process	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Gasoline Stage I Service Stations (Splash Filling)	170.26	999.34

Gasoline Stage 1 Service Stations Balance Filling	123.23	723.31

Gasoline Stage II Service Stations	253.80	1489.72

Gasoline Tank Trucks in Transit	12.58	73.86

Gasoline UST Breathing and Emptying	192.41	1129.38

Total All Gasoline Distribution	752.28	4415.59



3.2 Aviation Gasoline  TC "3.2 Aviation Gasoline" \f C \l "2"  

Rhode Island used the emissions estimates developed by the EPA for
emissions from aviation gasoline distribution for this emissions
inventory.  The methodologies used to calculate emissions for this
category are contained in the Documentation.  No emissions are listed
for Bristol County since there are no airports in that country.

The activity data used to calculate emissions for this category, the
amount of aviation gasoline distributed, was obtained by the EPA from
the “Petroleum Supply Annual for designated Petroleum Administration
Districts.”  This amount was then allocated to the counties based on
the landing and takeoff data for general aviation flights in each
county. 2002 emissions from aviation gasoline distribution operations
are as follows:

Emissions from Stage 1 Aircraft Refueling (SCC 2501080050)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Kent	34.97	191.60

Newport	2.09	11.45

Providence	3.36	18.41

Washington	7.18	39.34

Statewide Total	47.60	260.80



3.3 Portable Fuel Containers

Rhode Island accepted the emissions estimates for portable fuel
containers that were prepared by EPA and the MARAMA/MANE-VU contractor
MACTEC.  Emissions estimates were calculated by applying an emissions
factor to the number of residential housing units in each county.  An
assumption was made that 46% of the households had gas cans.  2002
emissions from portable fuel containers are as follows:

Portable Fuel Containers (SCC 2501060300)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC(ppsd)

Bristol 	53.34	300

Kent 	173.95	960

Newport 	87.64	480

Providence 	648.72	3,560

Washington 	127.71	720

Statewide Total	1091.36	6,020



3.4 Solvent Utilization  TC "3.4 Solvent Utilization" \f C \l "2"  

EPA developed emission estimates for eleven nonpoint source categories:
architectural surface coating, automobile refinishing, commercial and
consumer products, dry cleaning, graphic arts, industrial adhesives and
sealants, industrial surface coating, pesticide application, process
solvents, solvent cleaning, and traffic paints. The methodology used to
estimate emissions for these categories is contained in the EPA report
entitled “Solvent Mass Balance Approach for Estimating VOC Emissions
from Eleven Point Source Categories,” which can be found online at  
HYPERLINK "http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2002inventory.html" 
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2002inventory.html  . 

Rhode Island used the EPA emissions estimates for all of these sources
categories except commercial and consumer products and dry cleaning in
the 2002 inventory.  All drycleaners in the State were sent emission
inventory forms, which were returned to the Office with actual solvent
usage.  These data are more accurate than the data contained in the EPA
report and were therefore used for calculating emissions from
drycleaners.  Emission factors contained in the Documentation were used
to calculate emissions from commercial and consumer products, to be
consistent with other states in the region.

Pounds of emissions per summer weekday for nonpoint sources were
calculated using the default seasonal allocation contained in Volume 3,
Chapter 4 of the EIIP.  For all categories except for architectural
coating, the seasonal adjustment factor was assumed to be 0.25 and the
number of days of activity 5 days per week.  For architectural coating,
the seasonal activity factor is 0.33 and the number of activity days is
7.  

2002 VOC emissions from industrial process chemical manufacturing,
architectural coating, traffic marking, industrial adhesive and
non-point surface coating operations are summarized in the following
tables: 

Process Solvents (SCC 2430000000, 2440000000, 2440000165, 2440000235,
2440000250, 2440000260, 2440000275, 2440000285, 2440000350, 2440000370,
2440000999)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC(ppsd)

Bristol 	28.52	219.36

Kent 	710.62	5466.29

Newport 	5.40	41.50

Providence 	1564.59	12035.32

Washington 	95.57	735.16

Statewide Total	2404.69	18497.63



Architectural Coatings (SCC2401001000)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC(ppsd)

Bristol 	69.32	497.30

Kent 	253.85	1,821.10

Newport 	141.34	1,013.96

Providence 	794.25	5,697.88

Washington 	156.14	1,120.13

Statewide Total	1,414.89	10,150.37



Auto Refinishing (SCC 2401005000)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC(ppsd)

Bristol 	3.26	25.08

Kent 	32.54	250.31

Newport	7.75	59.62

Providence 	62.68	482.15

Washington 	9.54	73.38

Statewide Total	115.78	890.54



Traffic Markings (SCC 2401008000)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC(ppsd)

Kent 	34.19	263

Newport	1.11	8.53

Providence 	23.50	180.77

Washington 	0.81	6.15

Statewide Total	59.60	458.45



Industrial Adhesives (SCC 2440020000)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC(ppsd)

Bristol 	23.90	183.85

Kent 	58.29	448.38

Newport 	10.64	81.85

Providence 	454.95	3,499.62

Washington 	75.33	579.46

Statewide Total	623.10	4,793.11



Graphic Arts (SCC 2425000000)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC(ppsd)

Bristol 	43.83	337.13

Kent 	175.04	1346.43

Newport 	93.72	720.89

Providence 	908.55	6988.83

Washington 	0.00	0.00

Statewide Total	1221.13	9393.28



Solvent cleaning (SCC 2415100000, 2415100385, 2415300000, 2415300370,
2415300385, 2420020370)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC(ppsd)

Bristol 	21.91	168.56

Kent 	102.48	788.28

Newport 	37.06	285.06

Providence 	289.24	2224.91

Washington 	50.16	385.81

Statewide Total	500.84	3852.62



Nonpoint source surface coating 

	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Factory Finished Wood: SIC 2426 thru 242Total: All Solvent Types (SCC
2401015000)

Bristol 	0.10	0.74

Kent 	0.90	6.92

Newport 	0.48	3.69

Providence 	7.60	58.48

Washington 	19.46	149.70

Total	28.54	219.52

Wood Furniture: SIC 25Total: All Solvent Types (SCC 240102000)

Bristol 	0.00	0.00

Kent 	0.00	0.00

Newport 	1.11	8.51

Providence 	0.00	0.00

Washington 	0.32	2.47

Total	1.43	10.98

Metal Furniture: SIC 25Total: All Solvent Types (SCC 2401025000)

Bristol 	0.04	0.34

Kent 	13.02	100.18

Newport 	2.11	16.21

Providence 	21.61	166.20

Washington 	7.80	59.98

Total	44.58	342.91





Paper: SIC 26Total: All Solvent Types (SCC 2401030000)

Bristol 	0.73	5.61

Kent 	19.21	147.77

Newport 	0.09	0.70

Providence 	115.60	889.27

Washington 	1.47	11.27

Total	137.10	1054.63

Miscellaneous Finished Metals: SIC 34 - (341 + 3498)Total: All Solvent
Types ( SCC 2401050000)

Bristol 	0.56	4.30

Kent 	0.00	0.00

Newport 	0.00	0.00

Providence 	98.06	754.31

Washington 	0.74	5.66

Total	99.36	764.27

Machinery and Equipment: SIC 35Total: All Solvent Types (SCC 2401055000)

Bristol 	0.00	0.00

Newport 	0.00	0.00

Kent 	1.56	12.00

Providence 	18.90	145.40

Washington 	3.05	23.45

Total	23.51	180.84

Electronic and Other Electrical: SIC 36 - 363Total: All Solvent Types
(SCC 2401065000)

Bristol 	0.01	0.07

Kent 	3.11	23.92

Newport 	0.63	4.86

Providence 	29.93	230.24

Washington 	2.80	21.52

Total	36.48	280.60



Motor Vehicles: SIC 371Total: All Solvent Types (SCC 2401070000)

Bristol 	0.03	0.20

Kent 	0.05	0.38

Newport 	0.03	0.25

Providence 	12.57	96.71

Washington 	0.01	0.05

Total	12.69	97.59

Marine: SIC 373Total: All Solvent Types (SCC 2401080000)

Bristol 	146.06	1123.54

Kent 	0.84	6.45

Newport 	85.50	657.68

Providence 	15.72	120.90

Washington 	2.72	20.96

Total	250.84	1,929.53

Miscellaneous Manufacturing Total: All Solvent Types (SCC 2401090000)

Bristol 	1.42	10.91

Kent 	11.70	89.99

Newport 	0.60	4.58

Providence 	95.66	735.87

Washington 	20.02	153.97

Total	129.39	995.32

Industrial Maintenance Coatings Total: All Solvent Types (SCC
2401100000)

Bristol 	0.29	2.26

Kent 	30.37	233.61

Newport 	0.09	0.69

Providence 	47.62	366.32

Washington 	2.87	22.06

Total	81.24	624.94

Other Special Purpose Coatings Total: All Solvent Types (SCC2401200000)

Bristol 	0.00	0.00

Kent 	10.29	79.14

Newport 	4.92	37.82

Providence 	38.65	297.30

Washington 	6.91	53.19

Total	60.77	467.45





3.5 Commercial and Consumer Products  TC "3.5 Commercial and Consumer
Products" \f C \l "2"  

Emissions from commercial and consumer products were calculated using
the per capita emission factors contained in the Documentation.  The
following factors were used.

						Emission factor (lb/person)

Adhesive and sealant products  			0.52

Automotive Aftermarket  				1.24

Coatings and Related products			0.95	

FIFRA Regulated Products				1.69

Household Products				0.70

Miscellaneous					0.07

Personal Care Products				2.04

Seasonal activity was assumed to be uniform and the activity days were 7
days per week.  VOC emissions from commercial and consumer products are
summarized in the following table:

	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Adhesive and sealant products  (SCC 24600600000)

Bristol 	13.40	73.45

Kent 	44.56	244.16

Newport 	22.47	123.14

Providence 	165.91	909.11

Washington 	33.22	182.05

Total	279.57	1,531.91

Automotive Aftermarket  (SCC 2460400000)

Bristol 	31.75	173.95

Kent 	105.54	578.29

Newport 	53.23	291.65

Providence 	392.96	2,153.19

Washington 	78.69	431.18

Total	662.16	3,628.27

Coatings and Related products (SCC 2460500000)

Bristol 	24.36	133.49

Kent 	80.99	443.76

Newport 	40.84	223.80

Providence 	301.54	1,652.29

Washington 	60.38	330.88

Total	508.12	2,784.22



FIFRA Regulated Products (SCC 2460800000)

Bristol 	43.33	237.41

Kent 	144.04	789.25

Newport 	72.64	398.03

Providence 	536.30	2,938.64

Washington 	107.40	588.47

Total	903.70	4,951.80

Household Products (SCC 2460200000)

Bristol 	18.04	98.86

Kent 	59.98	328.67

Newport 	30.25	165.75

Providence 	223.33	1,223.74

Washington 	44.72	245.06

Total	376.33	2,062.08

Miscellaneous (SCC2460900000)	 

	Bristol 	1.80	9.84

Kent 	5.97	32.70

Newport 	3.01	16.49

Providence 	22.22	121.75

Washington 	4.45	24.38

Total	37.44	205.15

Personal Care Products (SCC2460100000)	 

	Bristol 	52.31	286.65

Kent 	173.91	952.93

Newport 	87.71	480.58

Providence 	647.52	3,548.07

Washington 	129.67	710.51

Total	1091.12	5,978.74





Total all commercial/consumer products	3858.45	21,142.17



3.6 Cutback and Emulsified Asphalt  TC "3.6 Cutback and Emulsified
Asphalt" \f C \l "2"  

Emissions from cutback and emulsified asphalt were calculated following
the methodology outlined in Chapter 17 of the EIIP document. 
Information on the amount of cutback and emulsified asphalt applied in
the State was obtained from Hudson Asphalt.  Hudson is the only supplier
of these products in Rhode Island.  They supplied the following
information:

Cutback Asphalt

Total Gallons used 2002 			629,556

Gallons used for patch (June-Aug)	    6,060

Gallons MC3000 (June-Aug)		       706

Gallons MC3000SP (June-August)	  41,592

Gallons MC800SP	(June-August)	    1,372

Emulsified Asphalt

Total Gallons used 2002			194,712

Gallons June –August			  89,518

All cutback asphalt used is medium cure with a density of 7.82
lbs/gallon and a diluents concentration of 35%.  The density of
emulsified asphalt is 8.3 lbs/gallon. From EPA guidance documents it was
determined that 70% of the diluents would evaporate.  

Total emissions from cutback asphalt:

Gallons used * density * percent diluent * % evaporation

629,556 gallons *7.82 lb/gal * 35% diluent * 70% evaporation/ 2,000
lb/ton = 603 tons per year

For emulsified asphalt the emission factor is 9.2 lbs/barrel (weight per
barrel 350 lb).

Total emissions from emulsified asphalt

194,712 gallons*8.3 lb/gallon * 9.2lbVOC/350 lb asphalt/ 2000 lb/ton =
21.24 tons per year

Summer weekday emissions were determined by assuming that cutback and
emulsified are applied 5 days per week based on information obtained
from Hudson Asphalt.    Asphalt use was apportioned to the counties
according to population.  2002 VOC emissions for cutback and emulsified
asphalt are as follows:

Cutback Asphalt (SCC 2461021000)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Bristol	30.15	73.29

Kent	96.49	234.53

Newport	48.25	117.26

Providence	355.82	864.83

Washington	72.37	175.90

Statewide Total	603.08	1465.81



Emulsified Asphalt (SCC 2461022000)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Bristol	1.06	15.02

Kent	3.40	48.07

Newport	1.70	24.04

Providence	12.53	177.27

Washington	2.55	36.06

Statewide Total	21.24	300.47



Total All Asphalt

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Bristol	31.21	88.31

Kent	99.89	282.60

Newport	49.95	141.30

Providence	368.35	1042.10

Washington	74.92	211.96

Statewide Total	624.32	1766.28



3.7 Dry cleaning  TC "3.7 Dry cleaning" \f C \l "2"  

Dry cleaning sources in the State use either perchloroethylene or
Stoddard solvent as a cleaning solution.  Dry cleaning sources are
inventoried annually for solvent use.  The majority of the drycleaners
use perchloroethylene, which is a hazardous air pollutant but is not
considered a VOC because of its low photochemical reactivity. 
Therefore, only the emissions of Stoddard solvent are included in the
VOC calculation for this source category.  Only three facilities in the
State used Stoddard solvent in 2002.  It was assumed that all Stoddard
solvent purchased was emitted.  To derive typical summer weekday
emissions, data supplied by the facility on seasonal throughput and
number of days operated during June- August 2002 were used.  The annual
data were multiplied by the seasonal throughput and divided by the
number of days operated during the months of June through August to
calculate average pounds per summer weekday.  2002 VOC emissions from
dry cleaning operations are as follows:

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Kent 	8.10	58.90

Washington	3.50	25.47

Providence	0.08	0.55

Statewide Total	11.68	84.92





3.8 Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) and Composting  TC "3.8 
Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTWs) and Composting" \f C \l "2"  

The MARAMA/MANE-VU contractor EH Pechan developed an ammonia emissions
inventory for POTWs and an ammonia and VOC inventory for composting
operations. These emissions estimates were accepted by Rhode Island for
the 2002 inventory.  VOC emissions were calculated using an emission
factor contained in the Documentation.

Pechan obtained information on wastewater flow and biosolids generation
from EPA’s Office of Wastewater Management, Envirofacts, and the New
England Biosolids and Residuals Association.  The emissions were
allocated to the counties based on the location of the POTWs.  The
wastewater flow rates by county are:

County	Flow rate (106 gal)

Bristol	1,644.74

Kent	3,314.78

Newport	3,232.79

Providence	37,913.99

Washington	2,531.76



The ammonia emissions factor for POTWs was obtained from the EH Pechan
and Associates report entitled “Estimating Ammonia Emissions from
Anthropogenic Sources, Draft Final Report (April 2003).” The VOC
emission factor was obtained from the Documentation.

The following emission factors were used:

Process	NH3 (lb/106gal)	VOC (lb/106 gal)

POTW Wastewater Treatment (SCC 2630020010)	0.027	9.9

POTW Biosolids Process (SCC 2630020020)	0.146	n/a



2002 POTW emissions are summarized in the following tables:

POTW Wastewater Treatment (SCC 2630020010)

County	NH3  (tpy)	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Bristol	0.02	8.14	44.61

Kent	0.04	16.41	89.91

Newport	0.04	16.00	87.68

Providence	0.51	187.67	1,028.35

Washington	0.03	12.53	68.67

Statewide Total	0.66	240.76	1,319.22





POTW Biosolids Process (SCC 2630020020)

County	NH3 (tpy)

Bristol	0.12

Kent	0.24

Newport	0.23

Providence	2.69

Washington	0.18

StatewideTotal	3.45



For composting facilities, Pechan obtained data from a document entitled
“2000 Biocycle National Survey – Solid Waste Composting Trends in
the US” on the number of tons composted.  Pechan derived emissions
factors for mixed waste using South Coast Air Quality Management
District test data.  The composting biosolid emission factor used is
from the 2003 EH Pechan and Associates report entitled “Estimating
Emissions from Anthropogenic Sources –Draft Report”.  The following
data were used for Rhode Island:

Tons of Composting Waste

County	Biosolid (tons)	Mixed waste (tons)

Bristol	3,093.67	4,658.41

Kent	10,284.62	15,486.46

Newport	5,186.74	7,810.13

Providence	38,293.21	57,661.45

Washington	7,668.33	11,546.88



Composting Emissions Factors

Process	NH3 (lb/ton)	VOC (lb/ton)

Biosolids Composting (SCC 2680001000)	3.28	1.70



2002 emissions calculated for composting of biosolids and mixed waste in
Rhode Island are summarized in the following tables:

Biosolids Composting (SCC 2680001000)

County	NH3 (tpy)	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Bristol	5.07	2.63	14.24

Kent	16.87	8.74	47.35

Newport	8.51	4.41	23.88

Providence	62.80	32.55	176.31

Washington	12.58	6.52	35.31

StatewideTotal	105.82	54.85	297.09



Mixed Waste Composting (SCC 2680002000)

County	NH3

(tpy)	VOC

(tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)

Bristol	6.55	7.27	39.36

Kent	21.76	24.16	130.86

Newport	10.97	12.18	66.00

Providence	81.01	89.95	487.24

Washington	16.22	18.01	97.57

Total	136.51	151.57	821.03



3.9 Small Stationary Source Combustion  TC "3.9 Small Stationary Source
Combustion" \f C \l "2"  

EPA has developed an emissions inventory for residential, commercial/
institutional, and industrial combustion.  To avoid double counting of
emissions from industrial and commercial/institutional sources, the
emissions from fuel combustion reported in the point source section were
subtracted from the EPA calculated emissions.

The methodology used to calculate emissions is contained in the
Documentation.  The activity data were obtained from the Department of
Energy, Energy Information Administration 2001 “State Energy Data
Report”.  For the nonresidential sector, fuel consumption was
allocated to the counties based on County Business Patterns employment
data in NAICS codes 31-33.  For residential consumption, fuel was
allocated to the counties based on population distribution.  Pounds per
summer day were determined using the seasonal activity factors in the
EIIP.  For residential combustion, the activity factor is 0.08 with
activity 7 days per week.  For commercial/institutional combustion the
factor is 0.15 with activity 6 days per week.

Calculated 2002 emissions from small stationary source combustion
sources, by fuel and source type, are displayed in the following tables:

Non-point Commercial/ Institutional Coal Combustion (SCC2103001000)

County 	VOC (tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx (ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)	NH3

(tpy)

Bristol	0.01	0.04	0.27	1.04	0.02	1.05	0.447	0.197	0.001

Kent	0.05	0.19	1.35	5.19	0.090	5.22	2.227	0.978	0.005

Newport	0.02	0.08	0.63	2.42	0.042	2.42	1.030	0.453	0.002

Providence	0.17	0.65	4.96	19.08	0.33	19.13	8.154	3.583	0.017

Washington	0.03	0.12	0.79	3.04	0.05	3.06	1.304	0.573	0.003

Statewide Total	0.27	1.04	8.01	30.81	0.53	30.87	13.162	5.784	0.0028



Non-point Commercial/Institutional Distillate Oil Combustion (SCC
2103004000)

County 	VOC (tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx (ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)	NH3

(tpy)

Bristol	0.11	0.42	6.31	24.27	1.58	13.97	0.75	0.67	0.25

Kent	0.55	2.12	31.44	120.92	7.86	69.50	3.74	3.35	1.26

Newport	0.26	1.00	14.55	55.96	3.65	32.16	1.73	1.55	0.58

Providence	2.03	7.81	115.15	442.88	28.79	254.54	13.70	12.27	4.61

Washington	0.32	1.23	18.41	70.81	4.60	40.70	2.19	1.96	0.74

Statewide Total	3.28	12.62	185.86	714.85	46.48	410.87	22.11	19.80	7.44



Non-point Commercial/Institutional Residual Oil Combustion (SCC
103005000)

No emissions for commercial/institutional residual oil combustion were
reported in the EPA Documentation for nonpoint sources as all sources in
this category were accounted for in the point source inventory.

Non-point Commercial/Institutional Natural Gas Combustion (SCC
2103006000)

County 	VOC (tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx (ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)	NH3

(tpy)

Bristol	0.83	3.19	15.06	57.92	12.65	0.09	0.08	0.06	0.07

Kent	4.12	15.85	74.96	288.31	62.97	0.45	0.39	0.32	0.37

Newport	1.91	7.35	34.68	133.38	29.13	0.21	0.18	0.15	0.17

Providence	15.10	58.08	274.53	1055.88	230.60	1.65	1.43	1.18	1.35

Washington	2.41	9.27	43.90	168.85	36.88	0.26	0.23	0.19	0.22

Statewide Total	24.37	93.73	443.14	1704.38	372.24	2.66	2.30	1.91	2.18



Non-point Commercial/Institutional Kerosene Combustion (SCC 2103011000)

County 	VOC (tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx (ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)	NH3

(tpy)

Bristol	0.23	0.88	1.35	5.19	0.34	2.87	0.16	0.14	0.05

Kent	0.11	0.42	6.72	25.85	1.68	14.30	0.80	0.72	0.27

Newport	0.05	0.20	3.11	11.96	0.78	6.62	0.37	0.33	0.12

Providence	0.42	1.62	24.59	94.58	6.15	52.38	2.93	2.62	0.98

Washington	0.07	0.27	3.93	15.12	0.98	8.38	0.47	0.42	0.16

Statewide Total	0.67	2.58	39.70	152.69	9.92	84.56	4.72	4.23	1.58



Non-point Commercial/Institutional LPG Combustion (SCC 2103007000)

County 	VOC (tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx (tpy)	NOx (ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)	NH3

(tpy)

Bristol 	0.01	0.04	0.27	1.04	0.22	0.00	0.02	0.02	0.001

Kent 	0.07	0.27	1.32	5.08	1.11	0.01	0.10	0.10	0.007

Newport 	0.03	0.12	0.61	2.35	0.51	0.00	0.05	0.05	0.003

Providence 	0.27	1.04	4.85	18.65	4.06	0.03	0.37	0.37	0.024

Washington 	0.04	0.15	0.78	3.00	0.65	0.01	0.06	0.06	0.004

Statewide Total	0.43	1.65	7.83	30.12	6.58	0.05	0.60	0.60	0.039



Non-point Residential Distillate Oil Combustion (SCC 2104004000)

County 	VOC (tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx (tpy)	NOx (ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)

Bristol 	2.37	4.12	61.05	106.17	16.96	144.49	8.07	7.23

Kent 	7.92	13.77	203.65	354.17	56.57	481.98	26.93	24.10

Newport 	5.72	9.95	147.17	255.95	40.88	348.30	19.46	17.42

Providence 	22.80	39.65	586.28	1019.62	162.85	1387.50	77.52	69.38

Washington 	6.87	11.95	176.67	307.25	49.08	418.12	23.36	20.91

Statewide Total	45.69	79.46	1174.82	2043.17	326.34	2780.39	155.34	139.02



Residential LPG Combustion (SCC 2104007000)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx (tpy)	NOx (ppsd)	CO (tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)

Bristol	0.07	0.12	1.23	2.14	0.52	0.01	0.10	0.10

Kent	0.31	0.54	5.23	9.10	2.23	0.03	0.42	0.42

Newport	0.26	0.45	4.45	7.74	1.90	0.03	0.36	0.36

Providence	1.55	2.70	26.53	46.14	11.29	0.17	2.15	2.15

Washington	0.60	1.04	10.21	17.76	4.35	0.07	0.83	0.83

Statewide Total	2.79	4.85	47.66	82.89	20.28	0.30	3.85	3.85



Residential Kerosene Combustion (SCC 2104011000)

County 	VOC (tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx (tpy)	NOx (ppsd)	CO (tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)

Bristol 	0.05	0.09	1.22	2.12	0.34	2.90	0.16	0.15

Kent 	0.16	0.28	4.08	7.10	1.13	9.66	0.54	0.48

Newport 	0.12	0.21	2.95	5.13	0.82	6.98	0.39	0.35

Providence 	0.46	0.80	11.75	20.43	3.26	27.80	1.55	1.39

Washington 	0.14	0.24	3.54	6.16	0.98	8.38	0.47	0.42

Statewide Total	0.92	1.60	23.54	40.94	6.54	55.70	3.11	2.79



Residential Natural Gas Combustion (SCC 2104006000)

County 	VOC (tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx (tpy)	NOx (ppsd)	CO (tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)

Bristol 	2.25	3.91	38.39	66.77	16.34	0.25	3.10	3.10

Kent 	8.40	14.61	143.61	249.76	61.11	0.92	11.61	11.61

Newport 	2.28	3.97	39.04	67.90	16.61	0.25	3.16	3.16

Providence 	35.23	61.27	602.17	1047.25	256.24	3.84	48.69	48.69

Washington 	3.13	5.44	53.55	93.13	22.79	0.34	4.33	4.33

Statewide Total	51.30	89.22	876.77	1524.82	373.09	5.60	70.89	70.89



Total all Non-point Stationary Source Combustion

County 	VOC (tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx

(ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5  (tpy)	NH3

(tpy)

Bristol 	5.93	12.82	125.15	266.66	48.97	165.63	12.89	11.67	0.35

Kent 	21.69	48.05	472.36	1065.47	194.75	582.07	46.76	42.08	1.78

Newport 	10.65	23.32	247.19	542.79	94.32	396.97	26.73	23.82	0.82

Providence 	78.03	173.61	1650.81	3764.52	703.57	1747.04	156.49	141.63
6.52

Washington 	13.61	29.72	311.78	685.1	120.36	479.32	33.24	29.69	1.05

Statewide Total	129.72	286.75	2807.33	6324.65	1162	3371	276.08	248.87
10.52



3.10 Residential Wood Combustion  TC "3.10 Residential Wood Combustion"
\f C \l "2"  

Rhode Island accepted emissions estimates for this category that were
prepared by MARARAMA/MANE-VU contractors EH Pechan and OMNI
Environmental Services.  Emissions were calculated based on a survey
done by Pechan.  The inventory includes emissions from both indoor and
outdoor residential wood burning equipment.  Rhode Island’s emissions
from these sources are presented in the following tables:

Outdoor wood burning equipment (SCC2104008070)

County 	VOC 

(tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx

(ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5  (tpy)	NH3

(tpy)

Bristol	36.97	156.29	0.42	1.77	40.78	0.06	5.59	5.59	0.29

Kent	140.17	593.50	1.59	6.74	154.61	0.24	21.18	21.18	1.10

Newport	84.64	356.09	0.96	4.04	93.36	0.15	12.79	12.79	0.67

Providence	487.98	1,953.64	5.54	22.18	538.27	0.85	73.73	73.73	3.84

Washington	135.22	585.48	1.54	6.65	149.15	0.24	20.43	20.43	1.06

Statewide Total	884.98	3645.00	10.05	41.38	976.17	1.54	133.72	133.72
6.96



Indoor Wood Burning Equipment (SCC 2104008000)

County 	VOC 

(tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx

(ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5  (tpy)	NH3

(tpy)

Bristol	93.10	26.31	7.76	2.19	452.63	0.96	89.70	89.70	4.64

Kent	310.23	87.67	26.49	7.49	1,527.93	3.47	301.96	301.96	15.69

Newport	156.42	44.21	12.99	3.67	756.74	1.64	148.92	148.92	7.72

Providence	699.64	197.72	59.38	16.78	3,435.15	7.65	679.49	679.49	35.26

Washington	295.60	83.54	27.39	7.74	1,522.55	4.28	297.93	297.93	15.69

Statewide 

Total	1554.99	439.45	134.01	37.87	7695.00	18.00	1518.00	1518.00	79.00



Total All Wood Burning

County	VOC

(tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx

(ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2

(tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)	NH3

(tpy)

Bristol 	130.07	182.60	8.18	3.96	493.41	1.02	95.29	95.29	4.93

Kent 	450.40	681.17	28.08	14.23	1,682.54	3.71	323.14	323.14	16.79

Newport 	241.06	400.29	13.95	7.71	850.10	1.79	161.71	161.71	8.39

Providence 	1,187.62	2,151.36	64.92	38.96	3,973.42	8.50	753.22	753.22
39.10

Washington 	430.82	669.02	28.93	14.39	1,671.70	4.52	318.36	318.36	16.75

Statewide total	2,440	4,084	144	79	8,671	20	1,652	1,652	86





3.11	Commercial Cooking  TC "3.11Commercial Cooking" \f C \l "2"   

Rhode Island accepted the emissions inventory EPA developed for
commercial cooking.  The methodology used is contained in the
Documentation. 

Commercial cooking emissions were estimated for five source categories;
chain driven char broilers, under- fired char broilers, flat griddles,
clamshell griddles and deep fat fryers.  Activity data used for all but
deep fat frying of French fries was obtained from survey data contained
in a Public Research Institute report on charbroil activity in the State
of California.  For deep fat frying of French fries the activity data,
mass of frozen potatoes sold, was obtained from the US Department of
Agriculture.  The emissions factors used were obtained from the EPA
report entitled “Methods for Developing a National Inventory for
Commercial Cooking Processes: Technical Memorandum.”  Emissions were
allocated to the counties using the number of restaurants in Dun and
Bradstreet industry classifications that use commercial cooking
equipment.  

Emissions estimates for criteria pollutants from commercial cooking
operations are summarized below.

Emissions from chain-driven char broilers (SCC 2302002100)

County	CO(tpy)	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5 (tpy)	VOC (tpy)	VOC(ppsd)

Bristol	1.27	1.52	1.47	0.38	2.08

Kent	4.66	5.58	5.41	1.40	7.67

Newport	3.17	3.79	3.67	0.95	5.21

Providence	15.18	18.16	17.61	4.54	24.88

Washington	4.07	4.87	4.72	1.22	6.68

Statewide Total	28.34	33.92	32.88	8.49	46.52



Emissions from under- fired char broilers (SCC 2302002200)

County	CO(tpy)	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5 (tpy)	VOC (tpy)	VOC(ppsd)

Bristol	4.06	10.35	10.00	1.24	6.79

Kent	15.37	39.18	37.88	4.70	25.75

Newport	11.03	28.12	27.18	3.37	18.47

Providence	48.74	124.22	120.08	14.90	81.64

Washington	13.17	33.57	32.45	4.03	22.08

Statewide Total	92.38	235.43	227.59	28.24	154.74



Emissions from flat griddles (SCC 2302003000)

County	VOC (tpy)	VOC (ppsd)

Bristol	0.20	1.10

Kent	0.74	4.05

Newport	0.56	3.07

Providence	2.35	12.88

Washington	0.65	3.56

Statewide Total	4.49	24.60



Emissions from clamshell griddles (SCC 2302003100)

County	CO(tpy)	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5 (tpy)	VOC (tpy)	VOC(ppsd)

Bristol	0.34	2.73	2.07	0.16	0.88

Kent	1.28	10.33	7.85	0.62	3.40

Newport	0.87	7.02	5.33	0.42	2.30

Providence	4.06	32.83	24.95	1.97	10.79

Washington	1.09	8.84	6.72	0.53	2.90

Statewide Total	7.64	61.75	46.93	3.70	20.27



Emissions from deep fat fryers (SCC 2302003200)

County	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5 (tpy)	VOC (tpy)	VOC(ppsd)

Bristol	0.18	0.15	0.01	0.05

Kent	0.64	0.55	0.02	0.11

Newport	0.48	0.41	0.02	0.11

Providence	2.13	1.80	0.08	0.44

Washington	0.56	0.47	0.02	0.11

Statewide Total	4..00	3.38	0.14	0.77



Total Emissions from All Commercial Cooking

County	CO

( tpy)	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)	VOC

(tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)

Bristol 	5.67	14.75	13.55	1.99	10.91

Kent 	21.31	55.64	51.16	7.48	40.95

Newport 	15.07	39.34	36.2	5.32	29.13

Providence 	67.98	177.01	162.72	23.84	130.61

Washington 	18.33	47.75	43.91	6.45	35.31

Statewide Total	128.36	334.48	307.54	45.06	246.91



3.12 Agricultural Tilling  TC "3.12 Agricultural Tilling" \f C \l "2"  

Rhode Island accepted the inventory that EPA developed for agricultural
tilling.  The methodology used is contained in the Documentation.

2002 PM10 and PM2.5 emissions were grown from 1998 emissions.  The 1998
emissions were calculated using a database purchased by EPA from the
Conservation Technology Information Center at Purdue University which
contained county level data on the number of acres planted by type of
tilling and crop type.  Data were grown to 2002 using national level
data on the number of acres tilled by tilling type.  2002 emissions from
agricultural tilling calculated for Rhode Island are as follows:



Agricultural Tilling SCC 2801000003

County	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5 (tpy)

Bristol 	3.42	0.68

Kent	4.92	0.98

Newport	29.75	5.95

Providence	10.18	2.04

Washington	45.89	9.18

Statewide Total	94.15	18.83



3.13 Paved and Unpaved Roads  TC "3.13 Paved and Unpaved Roads" \f C \l
"2"  

Rhode Island accepted emissions estimates for paved and unpaved roads
that were prepared by EPA and the MARAMA/MANE-VU contractor EH Pechan. 

MARAMA/MANE-VU developed calculation sheets for this category which can
be found online at: 
http://www.marama.org/visibility/Calculation_Sheets/index.htm. Emissions
are estimated as a function of vehicle miles traveled by county, type of
road and precipitation.  2002 emissions calculated for Rhode Island from
this category are as follows:

Emissions from paved roads (SCC 2294000000)

County	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5 (tpy)

Bristol	130.4	18.57

Kent	457.3	65.08

Newport	322.5	48.74

Providence	1687.3	240.51

Washington	546.03	79.62

Statewide Total	3143.53	452.52



Emissions from Unpaved roads (SCC 2296000000)

County	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5 (tpy)

Bristol	1.13	0.17

Kent	67.61	10.11

Newport	53.63	8.02

Providence	208.04	31.10

Washington	215.47	32.21

Statewide Total	545.89	81.61



3.14 Construction  TC "3.14 Construction" \f C \l "2"  

3.14.1 Non-residential Construction  TC "3.14.1 Non-residential
Construction" \f C \l "3"  

Rhode Island accepted the inventory that EPA developed for
non-residential construction.  The methodology used is contained in the
Documentation.

Emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 were estimated based on the number of acres
disturbed for construction. The activity data, the annual value of
non-residential construction, was obtained from the US Department of
Commerce Bureau of Census.  The national value was allocated to the
counties using county level non- residential construction employment
data obtained from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and Dunn and
Bradstreet.  To estimate the number of acres disturbed by nonresidential
construction, a conversion factor of 1.55 acres per million dollars was
applied to the county level valuation data.  Non-residential
construction emissions for 2002 for Rhode Island were calculated as
follows:

 Non-residential Construction (SCC 2311020000)

County	PM10  (tpy)	PM2.5  (tpy)

Bristol	107.63	21.53

Kent	317.19	63.44

Newport	247.06	49.41

Providence	815.1	163.02

Washington	588.97	117.79

Statewide Total	2,075.95	415.19



3.14.2 Residential Construction  TC "3.14.2 Residential Construction" \f
C \l "3"  

Rhode Island accepted the inventory that EPA developed for residential
construction.  The methodology used is contained in the Documentation.

Emissions of PM10 and PM2.5 were estimated based on the number of acres
disturbed and the volume of soil excavated for residential construction.
 The activity data, number and type of housing units built, were
obtained from the Bureau of Census.  National data were allocated to the
counties using permits by county data that were also obtained from the
Bureau of Census.

Residential Construction (SCC 2311010000)

County	PM10  (tpy)	PM2.5  (tpy)

Bristol	4.22	0.84

Kent	13.36	2.67

Newport	9.87	1.97

Providence	36.09	7.22

Washington	30.20	6.04

Statewide Total	93.75	18.75



3.15 Fires/ Open Burning  TC "3.15 Fires/ Open Burning" \f C \l "2"   

3.15.1 Structural Fires  TC "3.15.1 Structural Fires" \f C \l "3"  

Rhode Island accepted the inventory that EPA developed for structural
fires.  The methodology used is contained in the Documentation. 2002
emissions for this category in Rhode Island were:

Structural Fires (SCC 2810030000)

County 	VOC 

(tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx

(ppsd)	CO 

(tpy)	PM10 

 (tpy)	PM2.5

  (tpy)

Bristol	0.62	2.70	3.38	14.70	0.08	0.58	0.53

Kent	2.05	8.91	11.18	48.61	0.26	1.93	1.75

Newport	1.05	4.57	5.73	24.91	0.13	0.99	0.90

Providence	7.26	31.57	39.61	172.22	0.92	1.17	6.53

Washington	1.55	6.74	8.45	36.74	0.20	1.43	1.30

StatewideTotal	12.53	54.48	68.35	297.17	1.59	6.10	11.01



3.15.2 Residential Open Burning  TC "3.15.2 Residential Open Burning" \f
C \l "3"   

Rhode Island accepted emissions estimates for this category that were
prepared by MARARAMA/MANE-VU contractor EH Pechan.  EH Pechan conducted
a survey to obtain activity data on residential solid waste burning,
residential leaf burning, residential brush burning and municipal yard
waste burning for urban, suburban and rural areas.  These activity data
were applied to Rhode Island.  Emissions are as follows:

Residential Solid Waste Burning (SCC 2610030000)

County 	VOC (tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx (tpy)	NOx (ppsd)	CO (tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5 (tpy)

Bristol	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.05	0.00	0.01	0.01

Kent	0.01	0.05	0.01	0.05	0.19	0.00	0.04	0.04

Newport	0.01	0.05	0.02	0.11	0.25	0.00	0.06	0.05

Providence	0.03	0.16	0.05	0.27	0.68	0.01	0.15	0.14

Washington	0.40	2.17	0.57	3.10	8.07	0.10	1.77	1.62

Statewide Total	0.46	2.50	0.65	3.53	9.25	0.11	2.03	1.86



Residential leaf burning (SCC 2610000100)

County 	VOC (tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx (tpy)	NOx (ppsd)	CO (tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5 (tpy)
NH3

(tpy)

Bristol	0.06	0	0.01	0	0.22	0.00	0.04	0.04	0.00

Kent	4.93	0	1.09	0	19.71	0.13	3.87	3.87	0.22

Newport	12.50	0	2.77	0	49.99	0.34	9.82	9.82	0.56

Providence	10.29	0	2.28	0	41.18	0.28	8.09	8.09	0.46

Washington	28.64	0	6.34	0	114.57	0.78	22.51	22.51	1.29

Statewide Total	56.42	0	12.49	0	225.68	1.53	44.33	44.33	2.54



Residential brush burning (SCC 2610000400)

County 	VOC (tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx (tpy)	NOx (ppsd)	CO (tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5 (tpy)
NH3

(tpy)

Bristol	0.04	0.05	0.01	0.01	0.28	0.00	0.04	0.03	0.00

Kent	2.27	2.96	0.60	0.78	16.70	0.20	2.35	1.81	0.15

Newport	4.64	6.05	1.22	1.59	34.20	0.41	4.82	3.72	0.31

Providence	5.11	6.67	1.35	1.76	37.67	0.45	5.31	4.09	0.34

Washington	16.79	21.90	4.42	5.77	123.69	1.47	17.43	13.44	1.11

Statewide Total	28.85	37.63	7.59	9.90	212.55	2.52	29.95	23.09	1.91



Municipal yard waste burning (SCC 2610040400)

County 	VOC (tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx (tpy)	NOx (ppsd)	CO (tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5 (tpy)
NH3

(tpy)

Bristol	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Kent	1.96	2.56	0.51	0.67	14.41	0.17	2.03	1.57	0.13

Newport	1.32	1.72	0.35	0.46	9.73	0.12	1.37	1.06	0.09

Providence	6.72	8.77	1.77	2.31	49.53	0.59	6.98	5.38	0.45

Washington	6.94	9.05	1.83	2.39	51.12	0.61	7.20	5.55	0.46

Statewide Total	16.93	22.08	4.46	5.82	124.78	1.48	17.59	13.56	1.12



Total Residential Open Burning

County

	VOC (tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx (tpy)	NOx (ppsd)	CO (tpy)	SO2 (tpy)	PM10 (tpy)	PM2.5 (tpy)
NH3

(tpy)

Bristol	0.1	0.05	0.02	0.01	0.55	0	0.09	0.08	0

Kent	9.17	5.57	2.21	1.50	51.01	0.5	8.29	7.29	0.5

Newport	18.47	7.83	4.36	2.16	94.17	0.87	16.07	14.65	0.96

Providence	22.15	15.59	5.45	4.34	129.06	1.33	20.53	17.7	1.25

Washington	52.77	33.13	13.16	11.25	297.45	2.96	48.91	43.12	2.86

Statewide Total	102.66	62.21	25.19	19.25	572.26	5.64	93.9	82.84	5.57



3.16 Nonpoint Ammonia Sources  TC "3.16 Nonpoint Ammonia Sources" \f C
\l "2"  

3.16.1 Agricultural Production  TC "3.16.1 Agricultural Production" \f C
\l "3"  

Rhode Island accepted the inventory that EPA developed for agricultural
production.  The methodology used is contained in the EPA draft report
entitled, “Ammonia Emissions from Animal Agricultural Operations,”
April 2005.  Ammonia emissions from this category are produced as a by
product from the decomposition of manure.  Emissions from this category
include total emissions from beef, poultry, dairy cattle, swine, goats,
horses and sheep.  Emissions are as follows:  

Agricultural Production (SCC’s 2805002000, 2805030000, 2805018000,
2805025000, 2805045000, 2805035000, 2805040000)

County	NH3  (tons/year)

Bristol	7.1

Kent	8.1

Newport	12.3

Providence	25.8

Washington	39.9

Statewide Total	93.2



3.16.2 Agricultural Fertilizer Application  TC "3.16.2  Agricultural
Fertilizer Application" \f C \l "3"  

Rhode Island accepted the inventory that EPA developed for agricultural
fertilizer application.  EPA calculated emissions using version 3.6 of
the Carnegie Mellon University ammonia model.  

Agricultural Fertilizer Application (SCC’s 2801700001-10)

County	NH3  (tons/year)

Bristol	2.04

Kent	3.24

Newport	25.86

Providence	10.44

Washington	50.99

StatewideTotal	92.57



3.16.3   Industrial Refrigeration  TC "3.16.3   Industrial
Refrigeration" \f C \l "3"  

Rhode Island accepted emissions estimates for this category that were
prepared by MARAMA/MANE-VU contractor EH Pechan.  Emissions are as
follows:

Industrial Refrigeration (SCC 23399010000)

County	NH3  (tons/year)

Bristol	3.435

Kent	15.945

Newport	6.075

Providence	59.07

Washington	7.125

Total	91.65

Emissions from Nonpoint Sources are summarized in the tables below.

Annual VOC Emissions from Nonpoint Sources (tons)

 	Bristol	Kent	Newport	Providence	Washington	State total

Gasoline Distribution	24.45	133.07	52.78	434.51	107.61	752.4

Aviation Fuel	0	34.97	2.09	3.36	7.18	47.6

Portable Fuel Containers	53.34	173.95	87.64	648.72	127.71	1091.4

Architectural and Industrial Maintenance Coatings	69.32	253.85	141.34
794.25	156.14	1414.9

Auto Refinishing	3.26	32.54	7.75	62.68	9.54	115.77

Traffic Markings	0	9.5	4.79	35.37	7.08	59.6

Industrial Adhesives	23.9	58.29	10.64	454.95	75.33	623.11

Nonpoint Source Surface Coating	149.24	91.04	95.54	501.92	68.17	905.94

Surface Cleaning	21.91	102.48	37.06	289.24	50.16	500.84

Graphic Arts	43.83	175.04	93.72	908.55	0.00	1221.13

Process Solvents	28.52	710.62	5.40	1564.59	95.57	2404.69

Commercial Consumer products	184.99	614.98	310.15	2289.79	458.54	3858.5

Cutback and Emulsified Asphalt	31.21	99.89	49.95	368.34	74.92	624.32

Dry cleaning	0	8.1	0	0.08	3.5	11.68

Commercial Cooking	1.99	7.47	5.32	23.84	6.44	45.06

Fires/Open Burning	0.1	9.17	18.47	22.15	52.77	102.66

Structural Fires	0.62	2.05	1.05	7.26	1.55	12.53

POTWs	8.14	16.41	16	187.67	12.53	240.75

Composting	9.9	32.9	16.59	122.5	24.53	206.42

Small Source Combustion	5.93	21.69	10.65	78.03	13.61	129.72

Wood Combustion	130	450	241	1188	431	2440

Total all Area Sources	790.65	3038	1207.9	9985.8	1783.88	16809



Daily VOC Emissions from Nonpoint Sources (pounds)

	Bristol	Kent	Newport	Providence	Washington	State total

Gasoline Distribution	143.5	780.94	309.82	2550.39	631.61	4416.3

Aviation Fuel	0	191.6	11.45	18.41	39.34	260.8

Portable Fuel Containers	300	960	480	3560	720	6020

Architectural and Industrial Maintenance Coatings	497.3	1821.1	1014
5697.88	1120.13	10150

Auto Refinishing	25.08	250.31	59.62	482.15	73.38	890.54

Traffic Markings	0	263	8.53	180.77	6.15	458.45

Industrial Adhesives	183.85	448.38	81.85	3499.62	579.46	4793.2

Nonpoint Source Surface Coating	1148	688.35	746.99	3861	524.28	6968.6

Surface Cleaning	168.56	788.275	285.06	2224.91	385.812	3852.6

Graphic Arts	337.13	1346.43	720.89	6988.83	0	9393.3

Process Solvents	219.36	5466.29	41.501	12035.3	735.162	18498

Commercial Consumer products	1013.6	3369.76	1699.4	12546.8	2512.53	21142

Cutback and Emulsified Asphalt	88.31	282.6	141.3	1042.1	211.96	1766.3

Dry cleaning	0	58.9	0	0.55	25.47	84.92

Commercial Cooking	10.91	40.95	29.13	130.61	35.31	246.91

Fires/Open Burning	0.05	5.57	7.83	15.59	33.13	62.17

Structural Fires	2.7	8.91	4.57	31.57	6.74	54.49

POTWs	44.61	89.91	87.68	1028.35	68.67	1319.2

Composting	53.6	178.21	89.88	663.55	132.88	1118.1

Small Source Combustion	12.82	48.05	23.32	173.61	29.72	287.52

Wood Combustion	182.6	681.17	400.29	2151.36	669.02	4084.4

Total all Area Sources	4432	17768.7	6243.1	58883.4	8540.75	95868





3.17 Biogenic Sources

  TC "3.17 Biogenic Sources" \f C \l "2"  

EPA calculated county level biogenic emissions for each entire country
using the BEIS3.12 model.  Rhode Island accepted these emissions, which
are as follows:

Biogenic Emissions

County	VOC 

 (tons/year)	NOx

(tons/year)	VOC 

(ppsd)	NOx

 (ppsd)	CO

(tons/year)

Bristol	1,852.2	30.97	24,978	269.50	221.25

Kent	3,681.8	30.60	51,050	269.17	391.54

Newport	1,777.6	31.48	23,616	269.00	222.47

Providence	5,170.3	33.62	71,692	298.80	554.32

Washington	5,638.0	31.82	77,247	267.24	535.54

Total	18,120.    	158.49	248,582	1373.72	1925.13



4.0 Mobile Sources  TC "4.0 Mobile Sources" \f C \l "1"  

The Rhode Island 2002 Periodic Emissions Inventory of Mobile Sources is
divided into five categories: non-road sources, aircraft, commercial
marine vessels, locomotives and on-road vehicles. Emissions were
calculated following the methodologies outlined in  the EPA document
“Procedures for Emissions Inventory Preparation Volume IV, Mobile
Sources ” and  the “Documentation for Aircraft, Commercial Marine
Vessels, Locomotives and other Non-road Components of the National
Emissions Inventory, Volume 1, Methodology,” prepared by EH Pechan and
Associates, September 2005.  These documents provided guidance on how to
identify sources, estimate emissions and establish a mobile source
emissions inventory.     

4.1 Non-Road Sources  TC "4.1 Non-Road Sources" \f C \l "2"   

Emissions from non-road engines were calculated using the EPA Nonroad
Emission model, core model version 2005a, February 2006 The recently
revised non-road model predicts emissions generated from more than 80
basic and 260 specific types of equipment. Typically equipment in this
category includes recreational vehicles, logging equipment, tractors,
construction equipment, residential/commercial lawn garden and water
pleasure craft. The model does not predict emissions from commercial
marine vessels, locomotives or aircraft.    Emissions from airport
ground service equipment are included in the aircraft section of this
report. 

Default values for year 2002 used in the model include RFG –Phase 2;
RVP –6.8; oxygen 2.0%; gasoline sulfur 0.030%; diesel sulfur 0.33%;
stage two control 85%; min temp 60 F; max temp 88 F; avg temp 75F.2

The ammonia emissions (NH3) were calculated by obtaining the diesel fuel
and gasoline consumption quantity generated from the non-road model for
year 2002. Using an emission factor of 83.3 mg/gal for diesel fuel and
116 mg/gal for gasoline fuel then adding together results yields the
ton/year emission. An example calculation as follows:

 Statewide: gasoline fuel use 17,535,720 gallons/year x 116 mg/gal- NH3
/1000   mg/gm / 454 gm/lb / 2000 lb/ton = 2.2 ton/yr 

 diesel fuel use 19,610,415 gallons/year x 83.3 mg/gal- NH3 /1000  
mg/gm / 454 gm/lb / 2000 lb/ton = 1.8 ton/yr 

Total NH3 Emissions 2.2 gasoline + 1.8 diesel = 4.0 tpy

   

Emissions from the Nonroad model are summarized in the table below.

Non-road Emissions Summary Table

 	VOC	VOC	NOx	NOx	SO2	CO	PM2.5 PRI

Bristol County	(tpy)	(ppsd)	(tpy)	(ppsd)	(tpy)	(tpy)	(tpy)

AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT	0.21	2.00	1.45	14.60	0.21	1.51	0.18

COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT	26.98	167.20	17.14	108.60	1.78	547.71	1.46

CONSTRUCTION AND MINING EQUIPMENT	20.53	151.80	111.84	832.40	18.40
158.55	11.04

INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT	17.69	111.00	72.89	455.40	4.29	274.83	2.55

LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT (COM)	77.91	615.40	12.51	117.60	1.00	970.21
2.66

LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT (RES)	68.66	397.40	4.96	32.80	0.25	645.19	0.83

LOGGING EQUIPMENT	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

PLEASURE CRAFT	388.13	2043.00	24.79	129.20	1.95	748.75	5.89

RAILROAD EQUIPMENT	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

RECREATIONAL EQUIPMENT	20.46	139.40	1.73	12.00	0.13	210.97	0.54

Total Bristol County	620.57	3627.20	247.31	1702.60	28.00	3557.70	25.16









	Kent County







	AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT	0.40	4.00	2.77	28.00	0.41	2.87	0.34

COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT	136.35	844.80	86.61	549.20	8.97	2768.40	7.39

CONSTRUCTION AND MINING EQUIPMENT	32.92	243.40	179.29	1334.20	29.50
254.15	17.70

INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT	63.53	399.20	260.67	1630.80	15.01	991.21	8.90

LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT (COM)	367.54	2994.60	60.42	573.20	4.82	4650.47
12.64

LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT (RES)	244.69	1416.00	17.68	117.00	0.87	2299.21
2.96

LOGGING EQUIPMENT	1.58	10.00	2.56	16.20	0.47	9.41	0.26

PLEASURE CRAFT	344.80	1814.80	21.25	110.80	1.67	658.73	5.24

RAILROAD EQUIPMENT	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

RECREATIONAL EQUIPMENT	62.42	425.40	5.53	38.40	0.39	684.78	1.64

Total Kent County	1254.22	8152.20	636.79	4397.80	62.10	12319.24	57.06









	Newport County







	AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT	1.22	12.20	8.50	86.00	1.25	8.82	1.03

COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT	48.55	300.80	30.84	195.60	3.19	985.87	2.63

CONSTRUCTION AND MINING EQUIPMENT	34.98	258.60	190.54	1418.00	31.35
270.10	18.82

INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT	22.54	141.20	94.14	585.80	5.95	348.63	3.53

LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT (COM)	215.57	1775.80	35.74	340.00	2.85	2743.23
7.43

LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT (RES)	137.56	796.00	9.94	65.80	0.49	1292.58
1.66

Newport County(cont.)	VOC	VOC	NOx	NOx	SO2	CO	PM2.5 PRI

	(tpy)	(ppsd)	(tpy)	(ppsd)	(tpy)	(tpy)	(tpy)

LOGGING EQUIPMENT	0.03	0.20	0.04	0.20	0.01	0.16	0.00

PLEASURE CRAFT	1580.29	8323.00	128.07	667.20	10.04	3274.19	24.00

RAILROAD EQUIPMENT	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

RECREATIONAL EQUIPMENT	10.41	71.40	3.22	22.40	0.15	518.86	0.10

Total Newport County	2051.16	11679.20	501.02	3381.00	55.29	9442.44	59.21









	Providence County







	AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT	0.98	9.80	6.84	69.40	1.01	7.10	0.83

COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT	449.25	2783.40	285.38	1809.40	29.56	9121.79	24.35

CONSTRUCTION AND MINING EQUIPMENT	160.42	1186.00	873.76	6502.20	143.75
1238.60	86.28

INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT	258.38	1624.80	1056.36	6616.00	59.65	4048.58	35.37

LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT (COM)	410.06	3340.80	67.41	639.60	5.38	5188.40
14.10

LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT (RES)	873.07	5052.20	63.09	417.20	3.11	8203.70
10.56

LOGGING EQUIPMENT	2.39	15.00	3.88	24.60	0.71	14.25	0.39

PLEASURE CRAFT	411.79	2167.00	22.74	118.40	1.79	764.75	6.25

RAILROAD EQUIPMENT	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

RECREATIONAL EQUIPMENT	121.72	829.20	10.08	70.20	0.73	1213.91	3.25

Total Providence County	2688.06	17008.20	2389.55	16267.00	245.69
29801.07	181.37









	Washington County







	AGRICULTURAL EQUIPMENT	1.63	16.20	11.35	115.00	1.67	11.78	1.38

COMMERCIAL EQUIPMENT	65.23	404.20	41.44	262.80	4.29	1324.45	3.54

CONSTRUCTION AND MINING EQUIPMENT	47.53	351.40	258.85	1926.20	42.59
366.94	25.56

INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT	47.17	296.40	193.59	1211.00	11.15	735.88	6.62

LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT (COM)	264.69	2156.40	43.51	412.80	3.47	3349.04
9.10

LAWN AND GARDEN EQUIPMENT (RES)	199.92	1156.80	14.45	95.60	0.71	1878.50
2.42

LOGGING EQUIPMENT	2.51	15.80	4.07	25.80	0.74	14.95	0.41

PLEASURE CRAFT	988.27	5210.40	112.83	587.80	8.82	2319.88	15.02

RAILROAD EQUIPMENT	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

RECREATIONAL EQUIPMENT	229.91	1565.40	15.99	111.20	1.27	1753.29	6.37

Total Washington County	1846.84	11173.00	696.08	4748.20	74.72	11754.70
70.40









	Statewide Total	8460.85	51639.80	4470.75	30496.60	465.80	66875.15
393.21



       

4.2 Aircraft  TC "4.2  Aicraft" \f C \l "2"  

Aircraft emissions were obtained from a report prepared for the Rhode
Island Airport Corporation (RIAC) entitled  “Air Pollutant Emissions
Inventories for Block Island State Airport, Newport State Airport, North
Central State Airport, Quonset State Airport, TF Green State Airport,
and Westerly State Airport” prepared by KB Environmental Services and
Vanasse Hangen Bruslin Inc.  The purpose of the report was to document
the emissions associated with the six airports and provide accurate data
to RI DEM for incorporation into the SIP.   The report included the
emissions expected from the aircraft as well as the ground support
equipment for each of the 6 airports.  The report is attached in
Attachment  A.

The emissions inventory was developed using the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) Emissions and Dispersion Modeling System (version
4.5) (EDMS) as recommended by EPA guidelines.  The FAA model contains a
database of aircraft specific emission factors based on engine
manufacturer, model and operational mode.  Landing and Take Off (LTO)
data was obtained from RIAC.

The model allows the user to specify annual temperature, mixing height
and aircraft operational mode times.  The ambient temperature used in
the model was based on the 30-year annual mean temperature in Providence
Rhode Island of 50.4 degrees Fahrenheit.  A mixing height of 2,226 feet
was used, which is consistent with average afternoon conditions and is
based on the most recent five years of meteorological data from
Providence, Rhode Island and Chatham, Massachusetts.  Aircraft
operational times for takeoff, climbout and approach were based on EDMS
default operating times.  For Block Island, Newport, North Central,
Quonset and Westerly state airport, the EDMS default taxi/idle and
ground delay times were used.  For TF Green Airport, operational data
developed for the draft Environmental Impact Statement air quality
assessment for the proposed runway extension was used.   

To estimate pounds emitted per summer day, the model was run using
actual LTO data.   

Emissions from the 6 airports are summarized below.

County	VOC

(tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx

(ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2

(tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)

Block Island	2	20	1	20	96	1	1	1

Newport	2	20	1	20	84	1	1	1

North Central	19	160	17	140	246	2	7	7

Quonset	20	160	32	260	71	3	5	5

TF Green	52	320	237	1500  	411	23	6	6

 Westerly	3	20	2	20	79	1	1	1

Total	98	700	290	1960	987	31	21	21



                   

Total emissions from all aircraft by county are as follows:

 

County	VOC

(tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx

(ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2

(tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)

Bristol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Kent	52	320	237	1500	411	23	6	6

Newport	2	20	1	20	84	1	1	1

Providence	19	160	17	140	246	2	7	7

Washington	25	200	35	300	246	5	7	7

Total	98	700	290	1960	987	31	21	21



Emissions from ground service equipment at the 6 airports are summarized
below.

County	VOC

(tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx

(ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2

(tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)

Block Island	1	20	1	20	1	1	1	1

Newport	1	20	1	20	2	1	1	1

North Central	3	20	6	40	75	1	1	1

Quonset	4	40	10	80	95	1	1	1

TF Green	18	120	31	200	470	3	1	1

 Westerly	1	20	1	20	6	1	1	1

Total	28	240	50	380	649	8	6	6





Total emissions from ground service equipment by county are as follows:

 

County	VOC

(tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx

(ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2

(tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)

Bristol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Kent	18	120	31	200	470	3	1	1

Newport	1	20	1	20	2	1	1	1

Providence	3	20	6	40	75	1	1	1

Washington	6	80	12	120	102	3	3	3

Total	28	240	50	380	649	8	6	6



Total emissions by county from all airport operations are as follows.

County	VOC

(tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx

(ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2

(tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)

Bristol	0	0	0	0	0	0	0	0

Kent	70	440	268	1700	881	26	7	7

Newport	3	40	2	40	87	2	2	2

Providence	22	180	23	180	321	3	7	7

Washington	30	280	47	440	348	6	8	8

Total	125	940	340	2360	1537	37	24	24



4.3 Commercial Vessels  TC "4.3 Commercial Vessels" \f C \l "1"   

Emissions for commercial vessels were calculated using the fuel sales
methodology described in EPA’s “Procedures for Emissions Inventory
Preparation Volume IV, Mobile Sources (July, 1989).” The amount of
residual and distillate fuel used for vessel bunkering in 2002 was
obtained from the Department of Energy’s “Energy Information
Administration Fuel Oil and Kerosene Sales Report, 2002”.  In 2002,
only distillate fuel was used.  9,002,000 gallons were reported for
vessel bunkering.

It was assumed, consistent with the mobile source guidance, that 75% of
the distillate fuel was used in port.  The Port of Providence, located
in Providence County, is the only major port in Rhode Island where
vessel bunkering occurs.

The following emission factors were used:

	lb/103 gal

VOC	50

NOx	270

PM10	40.66

PM2.5	37.4

CO	110

SO2	27



Emissions from distillate fuel used in port were calculated as follows:

9002 * 103 gallons x 0.75 x 50 lbs VOC /103 gallons/ 2000 lbs/ton = 				
		

	169 tons VOC /yr

The number of commercial vessels using Rhode Island ports is considered
to be consistent throughout the year. Emissions for a typical summer day
were calculated by dividing the total emissions for 2002 by 365 days.

Commercial vessel distillate fuel (SCC 2280002000)

Pollutant	Emissions (tpy)	Emissions (ppsd)

CO	371	2,035

VOC	169	924

NOx	911	4,994

SO2	91.14	499

PM10	137	752

PM2.5	126	692



4.4 Locomotives  TC "4.4 Locomotives" \f C \l "1"  

Emissions for locomotives were calculated following the methodology
contained in the MARAMA/MANE-VU “Locomotive Mobile Source Category
Calculation Methodology Sheet.”  The methodology requires the amount
of fuel used by locomotives in Rhode Island. Fuel use data were obtained
by contacting the four rail lines that operate in Rhode Island,
Providence & Worcester (P&W), Amtrak, MBTA and Seaview Transportation.

Amtrak operates the commuter rail and Metroliner in Rhode Island with
diesel line haul locomotive engines.  Amtrak/MBTA provided information
that approximately 600,000 gallons of diesel fuel were used in the year
2002. Emissions were apportioned to the counties based on the track
miles in each county.   From Amtrak maps it was determined that there
are 52 miles of track used by Amtrak in Rhode Island.  Of the 52 miles,
10 miles (19.2%) are in Kent County, 18 miles (34.6%) are in Providence
County and 24 miles (46.2%) are in Washington County.  No Amtrak lines
operate in Bristol and Newport Counties.

P&W Railroad, an interstate freight carrier, also operates diesel line
haul locomotives.  P&W estimated that 100,000 gallons of fuel were
consumed during 2002 by locomotives which operated in Rhode Island.  
The emissions from P&W were apportioned to the counties based on the
track miles P&W utilizes in each county.  Based on the information
provided by P&W, P&W uses 83.04 total miles of track in Rhode Island; 12
(14.5%) are in Kent County, 41.24 (49.7%) are in Providence County and
29.8 (35.9%) are in Washington County. The P&W lines in Bristol and
Newport Counties did not operate in 2002.

 

Seaview Transportation is a small switching operation located in Quonset
Point/Davisville Industrial Park, Washington County. They provide goods
to the park tenants using a 23-mile internal rail system owned by the
Rhode Island Economic Development Corporation. All locomotives at this
facility are considered yard locomotives.  During 2002, Seaview used
8,975 gallons of diesel fuel oil. 

For Amtrak, MBTA and P&W, emissions were calculated by multiplying the
amount of fuel consumed by the trains in the State by the appropriate
line haul emission factor.  No seasonal adjustment was used and the
activity was determined to be 260 days/year.

For Seaview Transportation, emissions were calculated by multiplying the
amount of fuel consumed by Seaview by the appropriate yard emission
factor.  No seasonal adjustment was used and the activity was determined
to be 260 days/year.

The following emission factors use in MARAMA’s calculation methodology
sheets were obtained from EPA’s “Emission Factors for Locomotives,
Technical Highlights (December 1997).”



Pollutant	Line Haul

(lb/gal)	Yard

(lb/gal)

VOC	0.022	0.047

NOx	0.595	0.798

CO	0.059	0.084

SO2	0.028	0.028

PM10	0.015	0.020

PM2.5	0.014	0.018



Emissions from locomotives are summarized in the following tables.

Total emissions line haul (SCC2285002005)

	VOC

(tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx

(ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2

(tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)

Bristol	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Kent	1.43	11.00	38.59	296.85	3.83	1.82	0.97	0.91

Newport	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Providence	2.83	21.77	76.55	588.85	7.59	3.60	1.93	1.80

Washington	3.44	26.46	93.15	716.54	9.24	4.38	2.35	2.19

Statewide total	7.70	59.23	208.28	1,602.24	20.65	9.80	5.25	4.90



Total emissions yard engines (SCC2285002010)

	VOC

(tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx

(ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2

(tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)

Bristol	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Kent	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Newport	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Providence	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Washington	0.21	1.62	3.58	27.54	0.38	0.13	0.09	0.08

Statewide total	0.21	1.62	3.58	27.54	0.38	0.13	0.09	0.08



Total emission all rail lines

	VOC

(tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)	NOx

(tpy)	NOx

(ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2

(tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)

Bristol	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Kent	1.43	11.00	38.59	296.85	3.83	1.82	0.97	0.91

Newport	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Providence	2.83	21.77	76.55	588.85	7.59	3.60	1.93	1.80

Washington	3.66	28.08	96.73	744.08	9.61	4.51	2.44	2.27

Statewide total	7.91	60.85	211.86	1629.78	21.03	9.93	5.34	4.98



4.5 On-road Mobile Sources  TC "4.5 On-road Mobile Sources" \f C \l "1"
  

On-road mobile source emission factors were generated from EPA’s
MOBILE6.2 model.  The model estimates emission factors in grams per
vehicle mile by vehicle class and vehicle speed.  Rhode Island
Department of Transportation (RI DOT) supplied RI DEM with 2002
seasonally adjusted (July) average daily vehicle miles traveled (DVMT)
data for 8 FHWA roadway classifications.  Those data are derived from
the State’s Highway Performance Monitoring System (HPMS) network.  

The DVMT was apportioned to each roadway classification based on the
number of vehicles in each of the classes.  The Rhode Island Division of
Motor Vehicles (RIDMV) provided RI DEM with a registration distribution.
 EPA reviewed the data provided by RIDMV comparing it to the default
MOBILE6.2 vehicle mix and found that it is appropriate to use Rhode
Island data for heavy-duty gas vehicles and heavy-duty diesel vehicles,
but not for light duty gasoline trucks and light duty gasoline vehicles.
The EPA analysis provided an adjusted DVMT mix for 2002 that was used in
the model. These eight adjusted DVMT fractions were then entered into
the MOBILE6.2 utility program which generated the 16 vehicle
classifications needed for the input file

The following inputs were included in the Rhode Island model run for
typical summer day emissions: Rhode Island  I/M program, Stage II
refueling controls, national LEV credits starting in 1999,  adjusted
registration distribution file,  reformulated fuel program, fuel RVP
6.8, min/max temp 67 & 88 and NLEV program. 

Average vehicle speeds by roadway classification were obtained from the
Rhode Island Statewide Planning Program model. The reported speeds
adjusted to account for the limitations of the MOBILE6.2 model are as
follows:  

Roadway Functional System	Weighted Average Speed	Weighted Average Speed
Rounded

Rural



Interstate	60.7	61

Other principal arterials	59.6	60

Minor arterial	48.7	49

Major collectors	44.1	44

Minor collectors	39.5	39

Local	20.0	20

Urban



Interstates	47.3	47

Other freeways/expressways	43.9	44

Other principal arterials	29.6	30

Minor arterial	27.3	27

Collectors	23.1	23

Local	20.0	20



MOBILE6.2 input and output files are attached as Attachment B.  Emission
factors generated from MOBILE6.2 were multiplied by the DVMT for that
roadway classification and vehicle class to determine emissions in grams
per day. The gram per day emissions for the 12 roadway classifications
were then summed and converted to units of pounds per day emissions for
each pollutant.  Emissions for Stage II refueling were zeroed out as
those emissions are accounted for in the non point stationary source
portion of this inventory.  The following is a summary of statewide
on-road emissions:

Pollutant	Emissions (ppsd)

CO	770,280

VOC	64,678

NOx	84,800

PM 2.5 	1,480

PM10 	2,425

SO2	3,081

NH3	5,642



Annual emissions estimates were calculated by the EPA and obtained from
the National Emissions Inventory. Annual emission estimation
methodologies are contained in “Documentation for the Final 2002
Mobile National Emissions Inventory,” September 2005, prepared  by
EPA’s Office of Transportation and Air Quality and EH Pechan and
Associates.  Input files for DVMT, registration distribution, average
speeds, I/M program and Stage 2 refueling program were provided to EPA
for input to the model.  Gasoline properties entered into the model were
determined by the Eastern Research Group (ERG), under contract with EPA.
   Temperatures used in the model were obtained from the National
Climatic Data Center for each county.

DVMT data provided by the RIDOT are statewide.  Emissions were
apportioned to the counties based on population distribution.

   

Total On-Road Emissions by County

	VOC

(tpy)	VOC

(ppsd)_	NOx

(tpy)	NOx

(ppsd)	CO

(tpy)	SO2

(tpy)	PM10

(tpy)	PM2.5

(tpy)	NH3

(tpy)

Bristol 	425	3,096	517	4,060	5,714	14	11	7	27

Kent 	2,227	10,275	2,952	13,460	33,077	75	60	37	150

Newport 	921	5,357	1,138	7,020	12,618	30	24	14	57

Providence 	7,516	38,344	9,732	50,280	109,794	248	200	122	498

Washington 	1,738	7,606	2,381	9,980	27,109	59	48	29	119

Statewide Total	12,827	64,678	16,720	84,800	188,312	426	343	209	851





Non-road Emissions Summary Table

 	VOC	VOC	NOx	NOx	SOx	CO	PM2.5 PRI	PM10 PRI	NH3

Bristol County	(tpy)	(ppsd)	(tpy)	(ppsd)	(tpy)	(tpy)	(tpy)	(tpy)	(tpy)

Total small engines and recreational marine vessels	620.57	3627.20
247.31	1702.60	28.00	3557.70	25.16	n/a	0.24

Aircraft	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Marine Vessels, Commercial	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Railroad Equipment	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Total Bristol County	620.57	3627.20	247.31	1702.60	28.00	3557.70	25.16
0.00	0.24











	Kent County









	Total small engines and recreational marine vessels	1254.22	8152.20
636.79	4397.80	62.10	12319.24	57.06	n/a	0.63

Aircraft	52.00	440.00	237.00	1500.00	23.00	411.00	6.00	6.00	n/a

Marine Vessels, Commercial	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Railroad Equipment	1.43	11.00	38.59	296.85	1.82	3.83	0.91	0.97	0.00

Total Kent County	1325.65	8603.20	943.38	6394.65	89.92	13204.07	64.97
6.97	0.63











	Newport County









	Total small engines and recreational marine vessels	2051.16	11679.20
501.02	3381.00	55.29	9442.44	59.21	n/a	0.65

Aircraft	2.00	40.00	1.00	40.00	1.00	84.00	1.00	1.00	n/a

Marine Vessels, Commercial	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Railroad Equipment	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00

Total Newport County	2054.16	11719.20	503.02	3421.00	57.29	9529.44	61.21
1.00	0.65











	Providence County









	Total small engines and recreational marine vessels	2688.06	17008.20
2389.55	16267.00	245.69	29801.07	181.37	n/a	1.75

Aircraft	19.00	180.00	17.00	140.00	2.00	246.00	7.00	7.00	n/a

Marine Vessels, Commercial	169.00	924.00	911.00	4994.00	91.14	371.00
126.00	137.00	0.00

Railroad Equipment	2.83	21.77	76.55	588.9	3.6	7.59	1.80	1.93	0.00

Total Providence County	2881.89	18133.97	3400.10	22029.90	343.43
30500.66	316.17	145.93	1.75











	Washington County









	Total small engines and recreational marine vessels	1846.84	11173.00
696.08	4748.20	74.72	11754.70	70.40	n/a	0.76

Aircraft	25.00	280.00	35.00	420.00	5.00	246.00	7.00	7.00	n/a

Marine Vessels, Commercial	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00	0.00

Railroad Equipment	3.66	28.08	96.73	744.08	4.51	9.61	2.27	2.44	0.00

Total Washington County	1880.50	11481.08	839.81	5912.28	85.23	12112.31
80.68	9.44	0.76











	Statewide Total	8762.77	53564.65	5933.62	39460.43	603.86	68904.18
548.20

4.04



5.0  Quality Assurance/Quality Control                                 
                                                                        
                 TC "5.0  QA/QC" \f C \l "1"  

Quality control (QC) is a system of routine technical activities
implemented by inventory development personnel to ensure the quality of
the inventory as it is being developed.  The QC procedures used in the
preparation of this inventory included the use of EPA approved emission
estimation methodologies, technical reviews and data validations.  
These activities were included in inventory development planning, data
collection and analysis, emission calculations and reporting.    

Quality assurance (QA) is a planned system of review and audit
procedures conducted by personnel not actively involved in the inventory
development process.  The key concept of this component is independent,
objective review by a third party to assess the effectiveness of the QC
program and the completeness and accuracy of the inventory.  Due to
limited resources and staff within the Department, a QA program was not
implemented, however QC procedures were followed throughout the
inventory as detailed in this section of the inventory.

 

5.1  Purpose and Intention  TC "5.1  PURPOSE AND INTENTION" \f C \l "1" 
 

The purpose of the emissions inventory is to maintain an accurate record
of point, nonpoint and mobile source air emissions.  The emissions
inventory plays an integral part in the Office’s air quality
improvement programs.  The emissions inventory is used for:

- Enforcing and monitoring compliance with Rhode Island’s air
regulations;

- Supporting other air quality programs;

- Evaluating trends in air quality;

- Supporting the development of the State’s regulations;

- Supplying data for use in air quality models;

- Public information requests

- Compliance demonstrations;

- Operating permit fees

5.2  Roles and Responsibilities  TC "5.2  Roles and Responsibilities" \f
C \l "1"  

Karen Slattery, Principal Air Quality Specialist, coordinated the 2002
Emissions Inventory.  Karen has been involved in inventory development
since 1988.  For the 1990 base year inventory she prepared the nonpoint
and mobile source portions of the report.  For subsequent inventories
she has prepared the point source emissions and reported those data to
EPA for major sources as required by the CERR.  For the 2002 Emissions
Inventory she performed all point source calculations and reviewed
emission estimates supplied by the facilities.  For nonpoint sources she
reviewed emissions estimated prepared by EPA and MARAMA/MANEVU. 
Detailed emissions estimation procedures are contained in the nonpoint
source section.  Karen also reviewed the mobile source section for
completeness and consistency with prior year’s inventory.  She is also
responsible for preparation of the NEI files that are submitted to EPA
via CDX.



Ronald Marcaccio, Senior Air Quality Specialist, has been with the
Office for 27 years.  He has worked in the mobile source section for 8
years and prior to that worked as an air permit engineer and air
inspector.  He was responsible for the preparation of the on-road and
non-road mobile source inventory.   He works closely with the Rhode
Island Department of Transportation and the Department of
Administration’s Division of Motor Vehicles to assure the mobile
source data are as reasonable and accurate as possible.

Jean Glanville, Environmental Quality Technician has been with the
agency for 20 years.  She has worked on the inventory for 8 years.  Her
primary responsibilities include calculation of emissions from small
point sources and mailing out of the annual emissions inventory.  In her
review of the small sources she determines if any source could
potentially be a point source and refers potential point sources to
Karen Slattery for further review.

Paige Albro, data entry clerk, has been with the agency for 2 years. 
Her role in the inventory includes entry of all calculated emissions
data into the state database and logging in the forms as they are
received from the sources.

Barbara Morin, Supervising Environmental Scientist reviewed the
inventory report for completeness and consistency.  

The enforcement section of the Office of Air Resources routinely
inspects Title V sources for permit compliance.  During these
inspections, staff engineers check for gross errors and omissions in the
inventory reported.  Any discrepancies they find are reported to Karen
Slattery for further investigation.

5.3  Point Sources  TC "5.3  Point Sources" \f C \l "1"  : 

 Point source data collection activities for the 2002 base year
inventory began in January 2003.  An existing point source emission
inventory, compiled for the 1990 base year and subsequently used to
develop 1996 and 1999 projection inventories, formed the starting point
for the point source list.  The inventory list is updated annually using
information obtained from permit files, internet searches and local
telephone directories.   Potential point sources identified by staff
engineers during inspections were also added.   Manufacturing sources
known to use criteria or hazardous air pollutants and sources known to
be major fuel users are included in the inventory.  In total 600 sources
were inventoried for the 2002 base year inventory.

Rhode Island’s 2002 Point Source Inventory mailing was initially sent
out in February 2003.  Forms were due April 15, 2003, and those sources
that had not returned their forms by that date were sent a second set of
forms with a Letter of Noncompliance.  All facilities whose forms were
returned to the office by the US Postal Service marked undeliverable
were contacted to verify mailing address.  If the telephone number was
no longer valid the source was removed from the inventory and assumed to
be no longer operating.  Approximately 85 facilities did not return the
inventory survey forms.  Based on the type of industry and the number of
employees at these sources, it was determined that the sources that did
not return the forms would not have met the thresholds to be considered
point sources.  Emissions from these sources are accounted for in the
nonpoint source portion of the inventory.

After the survey forms were received by the Office they were logged into
the Department database and filed as either a point source or small
source.  For the point sources, emission statements were reviewed to
ensure that the correct emission factors were used, that correct mass
balance calculations were performed and that assumptions made based on
process knowledge were reasonable.  In several cases, follow-up
telephone calls were made to ensure the accuracy of the data.  After the
emissions estimates were reviewed, they were compared to the estimates
for the previous year for data consistency.   If there were any large
discrepancies, the company was contacted to verify the emissions.

After verifying the data for each facility, the emissions of criteria
and toxic air pollutants were entered into the Department database by
SCC process.  The data from the State database was then used to develop
NEI version 3 input files.  These files were uploaded into the EPA
system using CDX.  These data were extracted and summarized by the EPA
and MARAMA/MANE-VU contractor EH Pechan and Associates and sent to the
State for review.  Any discrepancies were resolved. 

5.4  Nonpoint Sources:  TC "5.4  Nonpoint Sources:" \f C \l "1"    

Due to staff limitations, the nonpoint inventory was largely developed
using emission estimates prepared by EPA and MARAMA/MANE-VU.   For
residential wood combustion, residential open burning, industrial
refrigeration, POTWs (NH3) and composting activities (NH3 and VOC), EH
Pechan and Associates, under contract with MARAMA/MANE-VU, developed
emissions inventory estimates.   Rhode Island participated in several
workgroup conference calls concerning the development of those emissions
estimates and accepted them for use in the 2002 emissions inventory.  QA
procedures for those emissions estimates are specified in the reports
prepared by Pechan.

For cutback asphalt and dry cleaning, State inventory data were
substituted for EPA data as the state had more accurate emissions
estimates based on data supplied by the facilities.  The cutback asphalt
data were provided by Hudson Asphalts, the sole provider in Rhode
Island.  After emissions estimates were prepared, that section of the
report was sent to Hudson for review.  Dry cleaning data were compared
to the previous year’s data for consistency.  

NEI files prepared by EPA were reviewed and edited as necessary to
reflect the correct data for RI.  The files were submitted to EPA via
CDX.   The EPA contractor EH Pechan and Associates reviewed the file and
data issues were identified which were corrected by the state. 



5.5   On-Road Mobile Sources  TC "5.5   On-Road Mobile Sources" \f C \l
"1"  

On-road mobile source emission factors were generated from EPA’s
MOBILE6.2 model.  Rhode Island Department of Transportation (RI DOT)
supplied RI DEM with 2002 seasonally adjusted (July) average daily
vehicle miles traveled (DVMT) data for 8 FHWA roadway classifications.  
The DVMT was apportioned to each roadway classification based on the
number of vehicles in each of the classes.  The Rhode Island Division of
Motor Vehicles (RIDMV) provided RI DEM with a registration distribution.
 EPA reviewed the data provided by RIDMV comparing it to the default
MOBILE6.2 vehicle mix and found that it is appropriate to use Rhode
Island data for heavy-duty gas vehicles and heavy-duty diesel vehicles,
but not for light duty gasoline trucks and light duty gasoline vehicles.
The EPA analysis provided an adjusted DVMT mix for 2002 that was used in
the model. These eight adjusted DVMT fractions were then entered into
the MOBILE6.2 utility program which generated the 16 vehicle
classifications needed for the input file

Average vehicle speeds by roadway classification were obtained from the
Rhode Island Statewide Planning Program model and are consistent with
previous emission inventories.

Annual emissions estimates were calculated by EPA and obtained from the
National Emissions Inventory.  Input files for DVMT, registration
distribution, average speeds, the I/M program and the Stage II refueling
program were provided to EPA for input to the model.  Gasoline
properties entered into the model were determined by the Eastern
Research Group (ERG), under contract with EPA.    Temperatures used in
the model were obtained from the National Climatic Data Center for each
county.  EPA generated emissions files from that which were uploaded to
the NEI.

5.6  Non-Road Mobile Sources  TC "5.6  Non-Road Mobile Sources" \f C \l
"1"  :

Non-road emissions are prepared for various categories of small engines
and aircraft, locomotives, and marine engines.  The emissions are
prepared for small engines by use of EPA’s NONROAD Model.  In running
the model the user must specify a modeling scenario by the inventory
year, geographic region (nation, state, county), time period (annual,
seasonal, monthly, daily) and the equipment categories.  For all other
required variables, the NONROAD model provides default input values.   
In reviewing the defaults it was noted that the default value for
pleasure craft was lower than the registration data obtained from the
RIDEM’s Office of Boating and Safety.  The number of additional
vessels was incorporated into the models vessel inventory population
file.   The NONROAD model was run without error and the emissions files
generated were uploaded to the NEI using CDX.

Locomotive and marine emissions estimates were prepared in accordance
with methodology in EPA’s Procedures for Emission Inventory
Preparation, Volume IV: Mobile Sources.  Draft emissions calculations
were reviewed by Karen Slattery and changes were made to locomotive
emission factors based on newer factors obtained from EPA’s
“Documentation for Aircraft, Commercial Marine Vessel, Locomotive and
Other Nonroad Components of the National Emissions Inventory,”
September 30, 2005 and the MARAMA/MANE-VU “Locomotive Mobile Source
Category Calculation Methodology Sheet. ” .  

The draft 2002 inventory submitted earlier to the EPA for review
contained commercial aircraft emissions calculated using an aircraft
emissions model developed by for the Northeast Sates for Coordinated Air
Use Management (NESCAUM) with LTO data obtained from RIAC

After submitting the draft inventory, a detailed report of Rhode Island
airport emissions was prepared by KB Environmental Services  and Vanasse
Hangen Bruslin Inc for RIAC.  The report contained more detailed
information on LTO’s by aircraft type than submitted in the draft
inventory.  The final inventory has been updated to reflect these data. 
The FAA database was used to calculate emissions in the study consistent
with EPA Mobile guidance.  

Non-road data were compiled for EPA in NEI Version 3 format.

 PAGE   

 PAGE   72 

																																									  PAGE  69 

Annual VOC Emissions by Source Type

Stationary Point 

8%

Stationary Nonpoint

36%

Non-road Mobile 

21%

On-road Mobile 

35%

Annual NOx Emissions by Source Type

Stationary Point  2%

Stationary Nonpoint 4%

Non-road Mobile  6%

On-road Mobile  88%

Stationary Point Source Annual VOC and NOx

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

Bristol

Kent

Newport

Providence

Washington

tons/year

VOC

NOX

