PROPOSED
RULE
TO
EXPAND
THE
RCRA
WASTEWATER
TREATMENT
EXEMPTIONS
FOR
HAZARDOUS
WASTE
MIXTURES
(
HEADWORKS
EXCLUSION)
IN
40
CFR
261.3(
a)(
2)(
iv)

TECHNICAL
BACKGROUND
DOCUMENT
September
2002
EPA
Contract
No.:
68­
W­
02­
006
Prepared
for:

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
Office
of
Solid
Waste
Ariel
Rios
Building
1200
Pennsylvania
Ave.,
NW
Washington,
DC
20460
Prepared
by:

ICF
Consulting
9300
Lee
Highway
Fairfax,
VA
22031
Table
of
Contents
I.
Data
Review
and
Summary:
Wastewater
Treatment
of
Selected
F­
Listed
Solvents
1.
Introduction
and
Background
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1
1.1
Definition
of
Headworks
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2
2.
Industrial
Surface
Impoundments
in
the
United
States
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3
2.1
Description
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3
2.2
Methodology
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4
2.3
Data
Query
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4
2.4
Benzene
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4
2.5
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
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11
3.
National
Risk
Management
Research
Laboratory
Treatability
Data
Base,
Version
5.0
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13
3.1
Description
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13
3.2
Data
Query
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14
3.3
Benzene
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14
3.4
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
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14
3.5
2­
Ethoxyethanol
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14
II.
Review
and
Summary:
Applicable
Clean
Air
Act
and
Clean
Water
Act
Regulations
1.
Introduction
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17
2.
SIC/
NAICS
Classification
Systems
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17
3.
Regulatory
Summary
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20
3.1
Clean
Air
Act
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20
3.2
Clean
Water
Act
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21
Tables
Table
I­
1
­
Major
Industry
Groups
that
Reported
Benzene
in
Surface
Impoundments
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5
Table
I­
2
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Reported
Treatment
Processes
Used
on
Wastewater
Containing
Benzene
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6
Table
I­
3
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Benzene
Concentrations
and
Percent
Removal
of
Benzene
by
Surface
Impoundment
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8
Table
I­
4
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Treatment
Process
at
Facilities
with
Greater
than
Zero
Percent
Removal
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9
Table
I­
5
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Calculated
Benzene
Effluent
Concentrations
and
Percent
Removal
with
Influent
Concentrations
of
1
and
25
ppm
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10
Table
I­
6
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Major
Industry
Groups
that
Reported
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
in
Wastewater
Managed
in
Surface
Impoundments
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11
Table
I­
7
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Reported
Treatment
Processes
Used
on
Wastewater
Containing
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
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12
Table
I­
8
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Reported
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
Concentrations
by
Facility
and
Surface
Impoundment
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13
Table
I­
9
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Treatability
Data
on
Benzene
in
Industrial
Wastewater
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15
Table
I­
10
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Treatability
Data
on
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
in
Industrial
Wastewater
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16
Table
I­
11
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Treatability
Data
on
2­
Ethoxyethanol
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16
Table
II­
1
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SIC/
NAICS
Codes
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18
Table
II­
2
­
List
of
Industries
Potentially
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
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19
Table
II­
3
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CAA
and
CWA
Regulations
that
Apply
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
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23
Table
II­
4
­
Applicability
of
CAA
Regulations
to
Process
Units,
Wastewater,
and
Waste
Operations
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29
Table
II­
5
­
Applicability
of
CWA
Regulations
to
Process
Equipment,
Wastewater,
and
Waste
Operations
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34
Table
II­
6
­
Applicability
of
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
and
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
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36
Reference
Documents
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44
Appendices
Appendix
A
­
Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
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46
Appendix
B
­
Reported
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
.
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68
Appendix
C
­
Treatability
of
Benzene
in
All
Matrices
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75
Appendix
D
­
Treatability
of
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
in
All
Matrices
.
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81
1
I.
Data
Review
and
Summary:
Wastewater
Treatment
of
Selected
F­
listed
Solvents
1.
Introduction
and
Background
In
a
November
17,
1981
Federal
Register
notice
(
46
FR
56582),
the
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
EPA
or
the
Agency)
revised
the
hazardous
waste
regulations
under
40
CFR
261.3(
a)(
2)(
iv).
This
portion
of
the
RCRA
regulations,
known
as
the
"
mixture
rule,"
states
that
any
mixture
of
a
solid
waste
and
a
hazardous
waste
listed
in
40
CFR
Subpart
D
is
itself
a
hazardous
waste.
However,
some
mixtures
of
solid
wastes
and
hazardous
wastes
are
not
considered
hazardous
wastes
if
certain
specified
criteria
are
met.

Recognizing
that
the
risk
to
human
health
and
the
environment
from
the
management
of
certain
wastewater
mixtures
was
not
substantial,
EPA
excluded
certain
wastewater
mixtures
from
the
mixture
rule
and,
therefore,
from
the
definition
of
hazardous
waste
(
40
CFR
261.3(
a)(
2)(
iv)(
A)
and
(
B)).
These
exclusions
are
commonly
referred
to
as
the
"
headworks
rule."
Specifically,
the
headworks
rule
excludes
mixtures
of
wastewater
and
hazardous
waste
solvents
listed
in
40
CFR
261.31
because
the
solvents
make
up
a
very
small
percentage
of
the
wastewater
flow
and
they
are
effectively
treated
by
wastewater
treatment
systems.

The
headworks
rule
exclusion
for
wastewater­
solvent
mixtures
is
based
on
the
concentration
of
solvent
entering
the
wastewater
treatment
system
(
i.
e.,
the
solvent
concentration
at
the
headworks).
The
average
concentration
of
solvent
in
the
wastewater
must
not
exceed
specified
concentrations
at
the
headworks
for
the
treatment
system.
Two
concentration
limits
were
established
to
address
both
carcinogenic
and
non­
carcinogenic
solvents,
as
follows:

$
A
1
part
per
million
(
ppm)
limit
applies
to
the
carcinogenic
solvents,
including
carbon
tetrachloride,
tetrachloroethylene,
and
trichloroethylene.

$
A
25
ppm
limit
applies
to
non­
carcinogenic
solvents
listed
as
EPA
Hazardous
Waste
numbers
F001,
F002,
F004
and
F005.

The
headworks
rule
does
not
exclude
wastewater
mixtures
containing
F003
solvents.
F003
solvents
are
listed
because
they
exhibit
the
characteristic
of
ignitability.
When
these
solvents
are
mixed
with
a
solid
waste
or
wastewater,
the
mixture
does
not
retain
the
F003
listing
and
is
not
a
hazardous
waste,
so
long
as
the
mixture
itself
does
not
exhibit
any
hazardous
waste
characteristics.

In
August
1999,
EPA
received
a
request
from
the
American
Chemistry
Council
(
ACC,
formerly
the
Chemical
Manufacturers
Association
or
CMA)
to
add
four
additional
hazardous
waste
solvents
to
the
headworks
rule.
These
four
solvents
were
listed
as
hazardous
wastes
on
February
25,
1986
(
51
FR
6537)
but
were
not
added
to
the
headworks
exclusion
because
the
Agency
had
not
assessed
the
potential
risks
associated
with
excluding
wastewater
mixtures
containing
these
solvents.
2
These
four
additional
solvents
are:

$
1,1,2­
trichloroethane
$
benzene
$
2­
nitropropane
$
2­
ethoxyethanol
To
respond
to
ACC's
request,
EPA
undertook
a
risk
analysis
to
determine
whether
adding
these
four
solvents
to
the
headworks
rule
would
endanger
human
health
and
the
environment.
The
results
of
the
risk
analysis
are
presented
in
detail
in
a
separate
document,
Risk
Assessment
to
Support
the
Wastewater
Treatment
Exemptions
(
Headworks
Exemptions)
Proposed
Rule,
U.
S.
EPA,
2002.

This
technical
background
document
presents
related
data
from
two
sources:
An
EPA
study
entitled
"
Industrial
Surface
Impoundments
in
the
United
States"
(
the
Surface
Impoundment,
or
SI
Study)
and
EPA's
National
Risk
Management
Research
Laboratory
Treatability
Data
Base.
Available
data
are
presented
for
three
of
the
four
solvents
listed
above.
See
section
2.4.1
for
a
discussion
of
proposed
conditions
on
the
headworks
exclusion
for
benzene.

In
an
effort
to
determine
the
appropriateness
of
changing
the
regulations
under
40
CFR
261.3(
a)(
2)(
iv)(
A)
and
(
B),
this
report
provides
analysis
of
the
efficacy
of
wastewater
treatment
systems
used
to
treat
wastewaters
containing
these
four
solvents.

1.1
Definition
of
Headworks
As
part
of
this
effort,
EPA
examined
the
necessity
and
feasibility
of
defining
the
term
"
headworks"
for
purposes
of
providing
a
direct
monitoring
option
for
compliance
with
the
exemptions.
EPA
performed
Internet
searches
using
terms
such
as
"
headworks"
and
"
industrial
headworks,"
etc.
The
results
of
these
searches
revealed
three
main
bases
for
potential
definitions:

°
Location
­
in
this
case,
headworks
would
be
defined
by
the
location
of
the
solvent
in
the
wastewater
treatment
system;
°
Function
­
headworks
defined
by
the
function
at
a
given
point
in
a
facility's
wastewater
treatment
system
(
e.
g.,
screening,
solids
removal);
and
°
Components
­
headworks
defined
by
the
equipment
at
the
given
point
in
the
system,
e.
g.,
tanks,
grit
removal
chamber,
etc.
(
similar
to
Function).

EPA
also
investigated
the
possibility
of
modeling
the
headworks
definition
after
the
"
point
of
determination"
concept
applied
in
the
Clean
Air
Act
(
CAA)
regulations
(
40
CFR
Part
63).
"
Point
of
determination"
is
defined
as
"
each
point
where
process
wastewater
exits
the
process
unit,
whose
primary
product
is
produced
by
a
source
category
subject
to
40
CFR
Part
63."
As
such,
there
are
generally
multiple
points
of
determination
associated
with
a
process.
Because
it
represents
each
point
at
which
wastewater
exits
the
process,
the
point
of
determination
definition
3
does
not
preclude
the
subsequent
return
or
reintroduction
of
that
wastewater
to
the
process
at
a
later
point.
This
concept
is
similar,
though
not
identical,
to
the
"
point
of
generation"
idea
under
RCRA.
On
the
other
hand,
the
"
headworks"
concept
represents
the
last
point
of
aggregation
of
process
wastewaters
prior
to
treatment
in
a
wastewater
treatment
system
(
including
wastewaters
emanating
from
various
"
points
of
determination"
within
the
process).

There
are
numerous
existing
definitions
of
headworks
in
various
documents
and
state
administrative
codes.
All
these
definitions
describe
the
same
basic
concept,
which
can
be
summarized
as
follows.
A
headworks
is
the
last
point
of
common
aggregation
of
untreated
wastewaters
prior
to
centralized
treatment.
Given
this
general
description
of
headworks,
it
is
clear
that
a
centralized
wastewater
treatment
system
may
have
multiple
headworks
locations,
depending
on
the
system's
configuration.
In
addition,
EPA
has
received
comments
from
states
and
other
stakeholders
indicating
that
any
definition
of
headworks
should
not
encompass
in­
process
pre­
treatment
steps
(
i.
e.,
these
steps
would
occur
prior
to
wastewaters
entering
the
headworks
of
a
wastewater
treatment
system).
For
purposes
of
the
headworks
exclusion,
EPA
and
state
regulators
would
be
concerned
with
the
last
point
of
common
aggregation
of
wastewaters
containing
the
designated
spent
solvents
prior
to
entering
centralized
treatment
(
4).

Based
on
the
above
information,
EPA
believes
that
a
regulatory
definition
for
headworks
is
not
necessary.
Instead,
EPA
will
propose
a
requirement
that
facilities
identify
their
point(
s)
of
monitoring
and
seek
approval
for
their
sampling
plan
from
the
authorized
agency.

2.
Industrial
Surface
Impoundments
in
the
United
States
In
the
U.
S.,
industrial
surface
impoundments
are
widely
used
for
the
management
of
industrial
materials.
Industrial
facilities
producing
wastewaters
often
use
surface
impoundments
to:

$
Perform
necessary
wastewater
treatment
prior
to
discharge
into
surface
waters;

$
Control
wastewater
flows
by
storing
excess
wastewater;
and/
or
$
Manage
excess
wastewater
through
evaporation
or
seepage
into
the
ground.

2.1
Description
EPA's
study
"
Industrial
Surface
Impoundments
in
the
United
States"
(
March
2001),
or
the
SI
Study,
is
a
result
of
the
Land
Disposal
Program
Flexibility
Act
(
LDPFA)
enacted
in
1996.
As
required
by
Congress
in
the
LDPFA,
EPA
conducted
this
study
to:


Characterize
the
risks
to
human
health
and
the
environment
from
the
management
of
decharacterized
wastes
in
treatment
systems
regulated
under
the
Clean
Water
Act
(
CWA);


Evaluate
the
extent
to
which
risks
are
adequately
addressed
under
existing
State
or
Federal
programs;
and

Identify
existing
regulatory
controls
and
nonregulatory
mechanisms
that
can
be
used
to
address
potential
risks
posed
by
industrial
surface
impoundments.
4
2.2
Methodology
EPA
identified
facilities
that
use
impoundments
to
manage
industrial
nonhazardous
waste.
To
collect
information
on
their
surface
impoundments
and
the
wastes
managed
in
them,
EPA
sent
a
survey
to
221
randomly
selected
facilities.
EPA
requested
information
on
the
quantities
of
256
chemical
constituents
potentially
present
in
the
wastewaters
or
sludges
managed
in
impoundments,
including
benzene,
2­
ethoxyethanol,
2­
nitropropane,
and
1,1,2­
trichloroethane.
EPA
also
requested
information
on
the
design
and
operation
of
the
impoundments.
EPA
collected
and
analyzed
wastewater
and
sludge
from
impoundments
at
12
facilities
and
evaluated
a
variety
of
other
data
sources
(
e.
g.,
facility
permit
files,
U.
S.
Census
data,
technical
references).
EPA
created
a
data
base
to
manage
the
data
from
survey
participants
and
other
sources.

2.3
Data
Query
Using
this
data
base,
EPA
identified
all
surface
impoundments
managing
wastewaters
or
sludges
containing
benzene
and
1,1,2­
trichloroethane.
No
facilities
reported
management
of
wastewaters
or
sludges
containing
2­
ethoxyethanol
or
2­
nitropropane
in
a
surface
impoundment.
Surface
impoundments
managing
either
benzene
or
1,1,2­
trichloroethane
were
further
evaluated
to
obtain
the
following
information:

$
SIC
codes
of
the
facilities;

$
Material
managed
in
the
surface
impoundment
(
e.
g.,
sludge,
wastewater);

$
Use
of
treatment
processes
in
the
impoundments;

$
Constituent
concentrations
(
measured
or
estimated);
and
$
Sampling
location(
s)
(
e.
g.,
influent
to
the
surface
impoundment,
within
the
impoundment).

The
information
retrieved
from
the
SI
Study
data
base
is
presented
below.

2.4
Benzene
In
the
SI
Study,
42
facilities
reported
the
presence
of
benzene
in
114
surface
impoundments.
For
33
of
the
42
facilities,
benzene
was
present
in
the
wastewater
managed
in
a
total
of
92
surface
impoundments.
The
remaining
nine
facilities
reported
the
presence
of
benzene
in
the
sludge,
leachate,
air,
or
toxicity
characteristic
leaching
procedure
(
TCLP)
wastewater,
TCLP
sludge
or
TCLP
leachate
samples
collected
from
the
surface
impoundments.
All
but
two
of
the
42
facilities
directly
discharge
to
surface
waters
through
outfalls
regulated
by
the
CWA
under
a
National
Pollutant
Discharge
Elimination
System
(
NPDES)
permit.
For
the
two
facilities
not
directly
discharging,
one
was
an
indirect
discharger
(
i.
e.,
discharges
to
a
publicly
owned
treatment
works
or
POTW),
and
the
other
facility
was
a
zero
discharger
(
i.
e.,
no
discharge
into
surface
water
or
a
POTW;
wastewater
is
either
recycled
back
into
the
facility
processes
or
allowed
to
evaporate
or
infiltrate
into
the
ground).
5
Table
I­
1
identifies
the
major
industry
groups
that
reported
the
presence
of
benzene
in
surface
impoundment
wastewaters.
These
facilities
are
located
in
19
states
in
the
midwest,
southeast,
and
west.
The
highest
reported
number
of
facilities
is
for
the
Petroleum
and
Coal
Products
Industry
(
13
of
the
33
facilities
or
39%).
Chemical
and
Allied
Products
has
the
second
highest
reported
number
of
facilities
(
7
of
the
33
facilities
or
21%).

Table
I­
1
Major
Industry
Groups
that
Reported
Benzene
in
Wastewater
Managed
in
Surface
Impoundments
Industry
Group
SIC
Code
Number
of
Facilities
Percent
of
Facilities
Petroleum
and
Coal
Products
2999
13
39%

Chemical
and
Allied
Products
5169
7
21%

Primary
Metals
Industry
3399
5
15%

Paper
and
Allied
Products
26
4
12%

Electric,
Gas
and
Sanitary
Services
49
1
3%

Electronic
and
Other
Electrical
Equipment
369
1
3%

Fabricated
Metal
Products
3499
1
3%

Wholesale
Trade
­
Nondurable
Goods
5199
1
3%

Total
33
100%

Table
I­
2
presents
the
treatment
processes
used
at
facilities
that
reported
the
presence
of
benzene
in
surface
impoundment
wastewater.
More
than
one
process
may
be
used
in
a
single
surface
impoundment.
6
Table
I­
2
Reported
Treatment
Processes
Used
on
Wastewater
Containing
Benzene
Process
Description
Number
of
Facilities
Reporting
Use
of
Process
Sedimentation
(
particle
settling)
21
Aeration
(
wastewater
is
exposed
to
air
or
air
is
introduced)
14
Aerobic
biological
treatment
process
12
Carbonaceous
biochemical
oxygen
demand
(
CBOD)
removal
8
Facultative
treatment
process
8
Other
7
Nitrification
(
ammonia
nitrogen
converted
to
nitrite
and
nitrate)
6
Temperature
adjustment
6
pH
adjustment
5
Anaerobic
biological
treatment
process
3
Denitrification
(
nitrite
and
nitrate
converted
to
gaseous
nitrogen)
2
Adsorption
(
bed
or
column
of
adsorbent
material)
1
Chemical
oxidation
(
chemical
reaction
to
increase
oxidation
state
of
contaminants)
1
Disinfection
(
using
chemicals
to
destroy
pathogens)
1
Filtration
(
for
example,
filter
bed
of
granular
media)
1
Precipitation
(
using
chemicals
to
form
insoluble
precipitates)
1
Appendix
A
of
this
report
provides
sampling
information
and
benzene
concentrations
for
the
42
facilities.
Samples
were
collected
at
four
locations:

$
Influent
to
the
surface
impoundment;

$
Within
the
surface
impoundment;

$
Effluent
from
the
surface
impoundment;
or
$
The
air
above
the
impoundment.

Benzene
concentrations
reported
as
being
less
than
a
given
concentration
indicate
that
the
concentration
was
below
detection
limits.
For
purposes
of
this
report,
it
was
assumed
that
1
Data
were
retained
for
facilities
reporting
a
measurable
influent
concentration
and
a
corresponding
non­
detect
concentration
within
the
surface
impoundment
or
in
the
effluent.

2
Samples
may
not
have
been
collected
within
the
same
sample
period.

7
concentrations
below
detection
limits
were
negligible1
and
that
estimated
values
represent
actual
concentrations.

Table
I­
3
presents
the
concentrations
of
benzene
at
facilities
that
provided
data
for
the
influent,
impoundment,
and
effluent2.
The
table
also
includes
a
calculated
percent
removal
within
the
impoundment,
after
discharge,
and
an
overall
percent
removal.
Percent
removal
was
calculated
using
one
of
the
following
formulas:

Percent
Removal:
influent
to
within
the
impoundment
Influent
concentration
­
Within
the
impoundment
concentration
x
100
=
Percent
Removal
A
Influent
concentration
Percent
Removal:
Within
the
impoundment
to
effluent
Within
the
impoundment
concentration
­
Effluent
concentration
x
100
=
Percent
Removal
B
Within
the
impoundment
concentration
Overall
percent
removal
Influent
concentration
­
Effluent
concentration
x
100
=
Overall
Percent
Removal
Influent
concentration
For
concentrations
below
detection
limits,
a
conservative
percent
removal
was
calculated
assuming
that
the
concentration
in
the
sample
was
equal
to
the
detection
limit.
Overall
percent
removals
ranged
from
0%
to
99%
with
an
average
of
64%
and
a
median
of
58%.

Table
I­
4
presents
the
reported
treatment
processes
for
facilities
with
an
overall
percent
removal
greater
than
zero.
This
excludes
only
one
facility
that
had
an
overall
percent
removal
of
zero.
8
Table
I­
3
Benzene
Concentrations
and
Percent
Removal
of
Benzene
by
Surface
Impoundment
Facility
ID
Impoundment
ID
Influent
Concentration
(
mg/
L)
Concentration
within
impoundment
(
mg/
L)
Percent
Removal
A
(
influent
to
within
impoundment)
Effluent
Concentration
(
mg/
L)
Percent
Removal
B
(
within
impoundment
to
effluent)
Overall
%

Removal
(
influent
to
effluent)

2837
3
0.014
<
0.001
93
<
0.0005
50
96
2837
5
0.09
<
0.005
94
<
0.005
0
94
3328
4
0.009
<
0.005
44
<
0.005
0
44
3328
5
0.009
<
0.005
44
<
0.005
0
44
4071
7
0.1
0.1
0
0.1
0
0
6055
1
0.02142
0.013
39
0.011
15
49
6623
1
0.0208
0.0157
25
0.0105
33
50
6623
2
0.01566
0.0105
33
0.00532
49
66
6623
3
0.0105
0.0053
50
0.00015
97
99
8742
1
0.0526
0.0526
0
0.00034
99
99
9487
1
0.8
0.005
99
9
Table
I­
4
Treatment
Process
at
Facilities
with
Greater
than
Zero
Percent
Removal
Facility
ID
Impoundment
ID
Influent
Concentration
(
mg/
L)
Percent
Removal
A
(
influent
to
within
impoundment)
Percent
Removal
B
(
within
impoundment
to
effluent)
Overall
%

Removal
(
influent
to
effluent)
Treatment
Process
1
2837
3
0.014
93
50
96
None
provided
2837
5
0.09
94
0
94
Sedimentation,
temperature
adjustment
3328
4
0.009
44
0
44
Aeration,
aerobic
biological
treatment
process
3328
5
0.009
44
0
44
Aeration,
aerobic
biological
treatment
process
6055
1
0.02142
39
15
49
None
provided
6623
1
0.0208
25
33
50
Aeration,
sedimentation,
chemical
oxidation,

CBOD
removal,
aerobic
biological
treatment
process
6623
2
0.01566
33
49
66
Aeration,
sedimentation,
chemical
oxidation,

CBOD
removal,
aerobic
biological
treatment
process
6623
3
0.0105
50
97
99
Aeration,
sedimentation,
chemical
oxidation,

CBOD
removal,
aerobic
biological
treatment
process
8742
1
0.0526
0
99
99
Aeration,
sedimentation
9487
1
0.8
99
None
provided
1
For
facilities
reporting
more
than
1
treatment
process,
the
order
in
this
table
is
as
reported
in
the
data
base.
It
is
not
known
if
this
corresponds
to
the
treatment
process
sequence
in
the
surface
impoundment.
10
The
previously
calculated
percent
removals
were
used
in
Table
I­
5
to
calculate
effluent
concentrations
for
each
impoundment
assuming
influent
concentrations
of
1
ppm
and
25
ppm.
The
effluent
concentrations
were
calculated
using
the
following
formula:

effluent
concentration
=
influent
concentration
(
1
­
overall
percent
removal)
100
In
Table
I­
5,
treatment
processes
with
an
influent
concentration
of
1
ppm
have
effluent
concentrations
ranging
from
0.01
ppm
to
0.56
ppm
(
99%
to
44%
removal,
respectively).
The
table
also
shows
the
range
of
effluent
concentrations
using
an
influent
concentration
of
25
ppm
(
from
0.25
ppm
to
12.75
ppm).

Note
that
the
percent
removals
used
to
calculate
these
effluent
concentrations
are
based
on
influent
concentrations
at
least
one
order
of
magnitude
less
than
the
assumed
1
and
25
ppm
influent
concentrations.
Typically
in
wastewater
treatment,
the
percent
removal
increases
as
influent
concentrations
increase.
Therefore,
the
calculated
effluent
concentrations
presented
in
Table
I­
5
are
conservative.
Actual
effluent
concentrations
may
be
less
than
the
calculated
concentrations.

Table
I­
5
Calculated
Benzene
Effluent
Concentrations
and
Percent
Removal
with
Influent
Concentrations
of
1
and
25
ppm
Facility
ID
Impoundment
ID
Overall
Percent
Removal
with
Influent
Concentration
of
1
ppm
Calculated
Effluent
Concentration
with
Influent
Concentration
of
1
ppm
Overall
Percent
Removal
with
Influent
Concentration
of
25
ppm
Calculated
Effluent
Concentration
with
Influent
Concentration
of
25
ppm
2837
3
96
0.04
94
1.5
2837
5
94
0.06
96
1
3328
4
44
0.56
44
14
3328
5
44
0.56
44
14
6055
1
49
0.51
49
12.75
6623
1
50
0.5
50
12.5
6623
2
66
0.34
66
8.5
6623
3
99
0.01
99
0.25
8742
1
99
0.01
99
0.25
11
2.4.1
Proposed
Conditions
on
the
Headworks
Exclusion
for
Benzene
Based
on
the
results
of
the
risk
assessment,
EPA
is
proposing
to
place
conditions
on
the
headworks
exclusion
for
benzene
in
the
proposed
rule.
Data
from
the
risk
assessment
show
that
benzene­
containing
wastewaters
treated
in
non­
aerated
treatment
systems
result
in
exposures
above
the
level
of
concern,
whereas
aerated
biological
treatment
scenarios
resulted
in
unacceptable
levels
of
concern
only
where
primary
clarifier
wastewaters
were
managed
in
unlined
surface
impoundments.
Similarly,
sludges
from
non­
aerated
treatment
managed
in
landfills
presented
risks
above
the
level
of
concern,
but
secondary
sludges
from
aerated
biological
treatment
managed
in
landfills
were
below
levels
of
concern.

Based
on
these
results,
EPA
is
proposing
to
add
benzene
to
the
headworks
exclusion
at
a
level
of
1
ppm,
conditioned
on
the
use
of
aerated
biological
treatment
of
wastewaters
containing
benzene.
Specifically,
to
be
eligible
for
the
headworks
exclusion,
benzene­
containing
wastewaters
must
be
managed
in
aerated
biological
waste
management
units
and
any
surface
impoundments
used
to
manage
these
wastewaters
prior
to
secondary
clarification
must
be
lined
(
if
surface
impoundments
are
used
instead
of
tanks).
The
aerated
biological
treatment
helps
facilitate
biodegradation,
thereby
reducing
the
concentration
of
benzene
in
the
resulting
sludge.

2.5
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
In
the
SI
Study,
13
facilities
reported
the
presence
of
1,1,2­
trichloroethane
in
36
surface
impoundments.
For
12
of
the
13
facilities,
1,1,2­
trichloroethane
was
reported
in
the
wastewater
managed
in
a
total
of
33
surface
impoundments.
The
remaining
facility
reported
the
presence
of
1,1,2­
trichloroethane
in
the
sludge
or
leachate.
All
13
facilities
directly
discharge
to
surface
waters.
Table
I­
6
identifies
the
major
industry
groups
that
reported
the
presence
of
1,1,2­
trichloroethane
in
surface
impoundment
wastewater.
These
facilities
are
located
in
8
states:
Colorado,
Kentucky,
Montana,
North
Carolina,
New
York,
Oregon,
Texas,
and
Wisconsin.
Paper
and
Allied
Products
has
the
highest
reported
number
of
facilities
(
4
of
the
12
facilities
or
33%).

Table
I­
6
­
Major
Industry
Groups
that
Reported
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
in
Wastewater
Managed
in
Surface
Impoundments
Industry
Group
SIC
Code
Number
of
Facilities
Percent
of
Facilities
Paper
and
Allied
Products
26
4
33%

Chemical
and
Allied
Products
5169
3
25%

Petroleum
and
Coal
Products
2999
3
25%

Primary
Metals
Industry
3399
2
17%

Total
12
100%
12
Table
I­
7
presents
the
treatment
processes
used
at
facilities
that
reported
the
presence
of
1,1,2­
trichloroethane
in
surface
impoundment
wastewater.
More
than
one
process
may
apply
to
a
single
surface
impoundment.

Table
I­
7
Reported
Treatment
Processes
Used
on
Wastewater
Containing
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
Process
Description
Number
of
Facilities
Reporting
Use
of
Process
Sedimentation
(
particle
settling)
9
Aeration
(
wastewater
is
exposed
to
air
or
air
is
introduced)
7
Aerobic
biological
treatment
process
7
Facultative
treatment
process
3
Temperature
adjustment
3
Carbonaceous
biochemical
oxygen
demand
(
CBOD)
removal
2
Nitrification
(
ammonia
nitrogen
converted
to
nitrite
and
nitrate)
2
Other
2
pH
adjustment
2
Adsorption
(
bed
or
column
of
adsorbent
material)
1
Anaerobic
biological
treatment
process
1
Disinfection
(
using
chemicals
to
destroy
pathogens)
1
Filtration
(
for
example,
filter
bed
of
granular
media)
1
Appendix
B
of
this
report
provides
the
sampling
information
and
1,1,2­
trichloroethane
concentrations
for
the
12
facilities.
Samples
were
collected
at
four
locations:

$
Influent
to
the
surface
impoundment;

$
Within
the
surface
impoundment;

$
Effluent
from
the
surface
impoundment;
or
$
The
air
above
the
impoundment.

1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
concentrations
reported
as
being
less
than
a
given
concentration
indicate
that
the
concentration
was
below
detection
limits.
For
purposes
of
this
report,
it
was
assumed
3
Data
were
retained
for
facilities
reporting
a
measurable
influent
concentration
and
a
corresponding
non­
detect
concentration
within
the
surface
impoundment
or
in
the
effluent.

13
that
concentrations
below
detection
limits
were
negligible3
and
that
estimated
values
represent
actual
concentrations.
After
removing
all
negligible
concentrations,
only
two
data
points
remained
(
see
Table
I­
8).
Percent
removals
were
not
calculated
because
only
influent
concentrations
were
provided.

Table
I­
8
Reported
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
Concentrations
by
Facility
and
Surface
Impoundment
Facility
ID
Impoundment
ID
Influent
Concentration
(
mg/
L)

5697
1
0.00012
5697
2
0.00012
3.
National
Risk
Management
Research
Laboratory
Treatability
Data
Base,
Version
5.0
3.1
Description
The
National
Risk
Management
Research
Laboratory
developed
a
data
base
on
the
effectiveness
of
proven
treatment
technologies
in
the
removal/
destruction
of
chemicals
in
various
media,
including
wastewater
and
sludge.
The
data
base
provides
performance
data
on
numerous
treatment
technologies,
derived
from
data
collected
during
treatability
studies.
The
data
base
includes
only
primary
references
and
bench­
top
and
pilot­
plant
data
from
aqueous
biological
treatment
processes,
matched
pairs
of
influent
and
effluent
data,
and
data
from
continuous
flow
processes
in
equilibrium,
unless
otherwise
noted.
The
data
base
includes
treatment
technologies
for
six
different
ranges
of
influent
concentrations.

Influent
Concentrations
(
mg/
L
or
ppm)

0
­
0.1
>
0.1
­
1
>
1
­
10
>
10
­
100
>
100
­
1,000
>
1,000
14
3.2
Data
Query
The
data
base
was
queried
for
information
pertaining
to
industrial
wastewater
containing
benzene,
1,1,2­
trichloroethane,
2­
nitropropane,
and/
or
2­
ethoxyethanol.
For
information
on
benzene
and
1,1,2­
trichloroethane
concentrations
in
other
matrices,
refer
to
Appendix
C
and
D,
respectively.
The
following
types
of
information
were
retrieved
from
the
data
base:

$
Treatment
technology
$
Scale
of
study
$
Major
industry
group
$
Constituent
concentrations
$
Percent
removal
The
information
from
the
data
base
is
presented
below.
The
data
base
contains
no
information
on
the
treatability
of
2­
nitropropane.
Note
that
the
information
from
the
data
base
pertains
to
various
industrial
wastewater
treatment
systems
and
not
solely
to
surface
impoundments.

3.3
Benzene
Table
I­
9
presents
the
information
obtained
from
the
data
base
on
the
treatability
of
benzene
in
industrial
wastewaters.
Effluent
concentrations
in
this
table
represent
an
arithmetic
mean
based
on
the
number
of
samples
obtained.
In
general,
greater
than
90
percent
removal
is
achieved
for
higher
influent
concentrations.

3.4
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
Table
I­
10
presents
the
information
obtained
on
the
treatability
of
1,1,2­
trichloroethane
in
industrial
wastewaters.
The
data
indicate
that
treatment
technologies
achieve
a
lower
percent
removal
with
influent
concentrations
of
less
than
0.1
ppm.

3.5
2­
Ethoxyethanol
Table
I­
11
presents
information
on
the
treatability
of
2­
ethoxyethanol
in
synthetic
wastewater
(
wastewater
created
specifically
for
study).
Due
to
high
influent
concentrations,
the
reported
percent
removal
cannot
be
used
to
obtain
reasonable
estimates
of
effluent
concentration
that
correspond
to
influent
concentrations
of
1
and
25
ppm.
15
Table
I­
9
Treatability
Data
on
Benzene
in
Industrial
Wastewater
Technology
Scale
Industry
Group
Influent
Concentration
(

g/
L)
Effluent
Concentration
(

g/
L)
Sample
Size
Percent
Removal
(%)

Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
11
1
98.0
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
70
1
73
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
<
1
1
>
99.58
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
<
10
3
>
95.6
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
<
10
7
>
98.8
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
<
30
22
>
91.7
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
<
10
14
>
95.7
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
10,000­
100,000
<
10
15
>
99.974
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Unknown
>
1,000­
10,000
3
99.915
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
1,000­
10,000
<
11
27
>
99.80
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
1,000­
10,000
<
10
3
>
99.09
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
1,000­
10,000
<
10
3
>
99.71
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
0­
100
<
1
1
>
92.3
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
0­
100
<
1
1
>
88
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
0­
100
<
10
28
>
89.6
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
0­
100
<
10
3
>
54
Activated
Sludge
and
Filtration
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
mg/
L
20
3
99.994
Aerobic
Lagoons
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
<
10
2
>
98.9
Aerobic
Lagoons
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
<
10
2
>
92.3
Aerobic
Lagoons
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
1,000­
10,000
<
40
3
>
96.6
Aerobic
Lagoons
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
0­
100
<
10
3
>
23
Aerobic
Lagoons
and
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
10,000­
100,000
13
21
99.900
API
Oil/
Water
Separator
and
Dissolved
Air
Flotation
and
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Petroleum
refining
and
related
>
1,000­
10,000
4
4
99.959
Chemical
Oxidation
(
Chlorine)
Full
Scale
Primary
Metals
Industries
0­
100
4.6
94.3
Chemical
Oxidation
(
Chlorine)
Batch
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
0­
100
<
10
1
>
66
Chemical
Precipitation
Batch
&
filtration
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
73
1
61
Chemically
Assisted
Clarification
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
<
5
1
>
98.9
Chemically
Assisted
Clarification
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
0­
100
<
14
2
>
18
Granular
Activated
Carbon
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
<
56
2
>
91.5
Granular
Activated
Carbon
Full
Scale
Primary
Metals
Industries
>
1,000­
10,000
80
98.6
Granular
Activated
Carbon
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
0­
100
<
10
1
>
78
Granular
Activated
Carbon
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
0­
100
<
5
1
>
54
Granular
Activated
Carbon
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
0­
100
<
10
1
>
38
Granular
Activated
Carbon
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
0­
100
10
1
0
Resin
Adsorption
Full
Scale
Paper
and
allied
products
except
computer
equipment
0­
100
3.1
3
3
Resin
Adsorption
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
0­
100
10
1
0
Resin
Adsorption
batch
&
filtration
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
0­
100
12
1
86
Sedimentation
and
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
<
10
3
>
96.3
Steam
Stripping
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
mg/
L
48
12
99.994
Steam
Stripping
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
mg/
L
200
3
99.938
Steam
Stripping
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
100­
1000
<
10
10
>
96.3
Steam
Stripping
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
10,000­
100,000
<
10
10
>
99.989
Steam
Stripping
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
10,000­
100,000
10
2
99.971
Trickling
Filter
and
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
allied
products
>
10,000­
100,000
<
10
3
>
99.974
Activated
Sludge
Pilot
Plant
Unknown
>
1,000­
10,000
<
1
>
99.981
Activated
Sludge
Pilot
Plant
Primary
Metals
Industries
0­
100
<
10
>
87
Activated
Sludge
Pilot
Plant
Unknown
0­
100
3
40
Powdered
Activated
Carbon
Addition
to
Activated
Sludge
Pilot
Plant
Petroleum
refining
and
related
>
100­
1000
<
10
1
>
95.4
Chemically
Assisted
Clarification
Batch
Bench
Top
Electric,
Gas
and
Sanitary
0­
100
3
1
0
Table
I­
10
16
Treatability
Data
on
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
in
Industrial
Wastewater
Technology
Scale
SIC
Code
Influent
Concentration
(
mg/
L)
Effluent
Concentration
(

g/
L)
Sample
Size
Percent
Removal
(%)

Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
Allied
Products
0­
100
<
10
3
>
60
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
Allied
Products
>
0.1­
1
<
18
3
>
97.1
Steam
Stripping
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
Allied
Products
>
1­
10
<
10
10
>
99.87
Steam
Stripping
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
Allied
Products
>
1­
10
<
5
10
>
99.906
Steam
Stripping
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
Allied
Products
>
1­
10
<
10
8
>
99.85
Steam
Stripping
Full
Scale
Chemical
and
Allied
Products
>
10­
100
<
10
2
>
99.955
Granular
Activated
Carbon
Pilot
Plant
Chemical
and
Allied
Products
>
10­
100
<
100
4
>
99.32
Powdered
Activated
Carbon
Addition
to
Activated
Sludge
Pilot
Plant
Petroleum
refining
and
related
0­
0.1
<
10
1
>
0
Solvent
Extraction
Pilot
Plant
Chemical
and
Allied
Products
>
100­
1000
20000
1
85
Solvent
Extraction
Pilot
Plant
Chemical
and
Allied
Products
>
10­
100
3000
1
90.0
Steam
Stripping
Pilot
Plant
Chemical
and
Allied
Products
>
10­
100
<
100
1
>
99.29
Super
Critical
Oxidation
Pilot
Plant
Unknown
>
100­
1000
<
38
1
>
99.980
Powdered
Activated
Carbon
Addition
to
Activated
Sludge
Bench
Top
Chemical
and
Allied
Products
>
1­
10
<
4.2
>
99.68
Solvent
Extraction
Batch
Process
Bench
Top
Chemical
and
Allied
Products
>
10­
100
2000
1
97.3
Solvent
Extraction
Batch
Process
Bench
Top
Chemical
and
Allied
Products
>
10­
100
3000
1
96.0
Table
I­
11
Treatability
Data
on
2­
Ethoxyethanol
Technology
Scale
Matrix
Influent
Concentration
(
mg/
L)
Effluent
Concentration
(
mg/
L)
Sample
Size
Percent
Removal
(%)

Activated
Sludge
Pilot
Plant
Synthetic
Wastewater
>
1,000
<
10
3
>
99.56
17
II.
Review
and
Summary:
Applicable
Clean
Air
Act
and
Clean
Water
Act
Regulations
1.
Introduction
The
Agency
reviewed
pertinent
sections
of
Title
40
of
the
Code
of
Federal
Regulations
(
CFR)
and
Federal
Register
(
FR)
notices
to
determine
what
CAA
or
CWA
standards
apply
that
might
mitigate
volatilized
releases
of
F­
listed
solvents
from
industrial
processes
or
wastewater
treatment
systems
affected
by
the
headworks
rule.
This
chapter
summarizes
EPA's
findings.

The
applicable
NESHAPs
and/
or
effluent
regulations
promulgated
or
slated
for
promulgation
in
the
near
future
are
discussed
below
in
Section
3.
This
Section
includes
four
tables
that
provide
more
detailed
information
about
the
applicable
regulations.
The
information
included
in
each
of
these
tables
is
organized
by
different
criteria.
Table
II­
3.
CAA
and
CWA
Regulations
that
Apply
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule,
provides
a
general
overview
of
applicable
CAA
and
CWA
regulations.
Table
II­
4.
Applicability
of
CAA
Regulations
to
Process
Units,
Wastewaters,
and
Waste
Operations,
identifies
the
affected
industry
codes
for
each
applicable
CAA
regulation
and
identifies
which
step
in
the
treatment
process
is
subject
to
each
portion
of
the
regulation.
Table
II­
5.
Applicability
of
CWA
Regulations
to
Process
Equipment,
Wastewater,
and
Waste
Operations,
provides
the
affected
industry
codes
for
each
applicable
CWA
regulation
and
identifies
which
step
in
the
treatment
process
is
subject
to
each
portion
of
the
regulation.
Table
II­
6.
Applicability
of
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
and
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule,
is
organized
by
SIC
and
NAICS
codes
and
provides
the
applicable
CAA
and
CWA
regulations
for
each
industry.

2.
SIC/
NAICS
Classification
Systems
The
Agency
examined
NESHAPs
and
effluent
guidelines
for
industries
that
commonly
use
F­
listed
solvents.
These
industries
are
manufacturing,
waste
handling
operations
or
treatment
facilities,
and
stripping
or
cleaning
facilities.
The
applicable
Standard
Industrial
Classification/
North
American
Industrial
Classification
System
(
SIC/
NAICS)
codes
for
these
industries
are
presented
in
Table
II­
1
below.
18
Table
II­
1
SIC/
NAICS
Codes
Industry
SIC
NAICS
Chemical
Manufacturing
28
325
Petroleum
and
Coal
Products
Manufacturing
2911
3241
Lubricating
Oils
and
Greases
2992
324191
Plastic
Products,
Not
Elsewhere
Classified
3089
326199
Leather
Tanning
and
Finishing
3111
3161
Photographic
Equipment
and
Supplies
3861
325992
Airports,
Flying
Fields,
and
Airport
Terminal
Services
4581
488190
Sewage
Systems
4592
22132
Refuse
Systems
4953
562211
Top,
Body,
and
Upholstery
Repair
Shops
and
Paint
Shops
75
811
Table
II­
2
presents
a
list
of
all
industries
potentially
affected
by
the
headworks
rulemaking,
which
may
or
may
not
be
subject
to
CAA
and/
or
CWA
controls.
For
detailed
information
regarding
the
CAA
and
CWA
regulations
applicable
to
headworks
industries,
see
Tables
II­
3
through
II­
6.
19
Table
II­
2
List
of
Industries
Potentially
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
Item
Economic
Subsector
or
Industry
Identity
Description
SIC
code
NAICS
code
1
02
112
Agricultural
production
­
livestock
2
20
311
Food
&
kindred
products
3
22
313
Textile
mill
products
4
24
321
Lumber
&
wood
products
5
25
337
Furniture
&
fixtures
6
26
322
Paper
&
allied
products
7
28
325
Chemicals
&
allied
products
8
29
324
Petroleum
&
coal
products
9
30
326
Rubber
&
miscellaneous
plastics
products
10
31
316
Leather
&
leather
products
11
32
327
Stove,
clay,
glass
&
concrete
products
12
33
331
Primary
metal
industries
13
34
332
Fabricated
metal
products
14
35
333
Industrial
machinery
&
equipment
15
36
334,
335
Electrical
&
electronic
equipment
16
37
336
Transportation
equipment
17
38
3333,
3345
Instruments
&
related
products
18
42
493
Motor
freight
transportation
&
warehousing
19
4581
48819,
56172
Airports,
flying
fields,
&
airport
terminal
services
20
4789
488999
Transportation
services
nec
21
49
221
Electric,
gas,
&
sanitary
services
22
50
421
Wholesale
trade
­
durable
goods
23
51
422
Wholesale
trade
­
nondurable
goods
24
5999
453998
Miscellaneous
retail
25
721
8123
Dry­
cleaning
&
industrial
laundry
services
26
73
514,
532,
541,
561
Business
services
27
80
621,
622,
623
Health
services
28
87
712
Engineering
&
management
services
29
8999
54162
Miscellaneous
services
30
91
921
Executive,
legislative
&
general
government
31
95
924,
925
Environmental
quality
&
housing
32
97
928
National
security
&
international
affairs
Notes:
(
a)
This
list
is
based
upon
industry
codes
reported
to
the
USEPA
RCRA
hazardous
waste
1997
"
Biennial
Reporting
System"
data
base
by
F002/
F005
aqueous
spent
solvent
generators
which
manage
such
wastes
in
wastewater
treatment
systems,
supplemented
by
industry
codes
which
have
USEPA
Clean
Water
Act
"
Categorical
Pretreatment
Standards"
for
indirect
discharge
of
industrial
wastewaters
to
POTWs
(
as
of
July
2002).
(
b)
The
USEPA
Office
of
Solid
Waste
matched
1987
2­
digit
level
SIC
codes
to
1997
NAICS
codes
using
the
US
Census
Bureau
website:
http://
www.
census.
gov/
epcd/
naics/
nsic2ndx.
htm#
S0
4
The
definition
of
glycol
ethers
was
revised
on
August
2,
2000
to
delete
each
individual
compound
in
a
group
called
the
surfactant
alcohol
ethoxylates
and
their
derivatives.
The
HAPs
glycol
ether
group
is
currently
defined
to
include
"
mono­
and
di­
ethers
of
ethylene
glycol,
and
triethylene
glycol
R­(
OCH2CH2)
n­
OR'
where:
n
=
1,
2,
or
3;
R
=
alkyl
C7
or
less;
or
R
=
phenyl
or
alkyl
substituted
phenyl;
R'
=
H
or
alkyl
C7
or
less;
or
OR'
consisting
of
carboxylic
acid
ester,
sulfate,
phosphate,
nitrate,
or
sulfonate."

20
3.
Regulatory
Summary
3.1
Clean
Air
Act
Under
Section
112
of
the
CAA
(
42
U.
S.
C.
7412),
EPA
must
establish
NESHAPs
for
source
categories
that
emit
hazardous
air
pollutants
(
HAPs).
The
CAA
lists
188
chemicals
as
HAPs.
Of
those
188
chemicals,
the
solvents
that
are
both
HAPs
and
F­
listed
hazardous
wastes
are:
benzene,
carbon
disulfide,
carbon
tetrachloride,
chlorobenzene,
cresol/
cresylic
acid,
ethyl
benzene,
methanol,
methyl
ethyl
ketone
(
MEK),
methyl
isobutyl
ketone
(
MIBK),
methylene
chloride,
nitrobenzene,
2­
nitropropane,
tetrachloroethylene,
toluene,
1,1,2­
trichloroethane,
1,1,1­
trichloroethane,
trichloroethylene
and
xylenes.
The
HAPs
list
also
includes
glycol
ethers.
4
HAPs
emissions
must
be
reduced
to
the
maximum
achievable
degree,
taking
into
account
cost,
any
nonair
quality
health
and
environmental
impacts,
and
energy
requirements.
This
level
of
control
is
referred
to
as
the
maximum
achievable
control
technology
(
MACT).
The
MACT
standards
issued
by
EPA
over
the
past
decade
have
proved
to
be
extremely
successful
in
reducing
HAP
emissions.

EPA's
review
of
applicable
NESHAP
standards
revealed
that
some
of
the
regulations
are
broad
and
cover
many
industries,
while
others
are
more
narrow
and
focus
on
a
particular
industry.
For
example,
the
Hazardous
Organic
NESHAP
(
HON)
affects
a
large
number
of
manufacturing
facilities.
The
HON
requires
emission
controls
for
76
organic
HAPs
that
are
likely
to
volatilize
from
wastewaters
produced
by
synthetic
organic
chemical
manufacturing
industries.
Under
the
HON,
these
facilities
must
achieve
emission
reductions
of
95
percent
or
greater.
Other
NESHAPs
(
e.
g.,
Group
I
Polymers
and
Resins
NESHAP)
control
organic
HAP
emissions
by
requiring
compliance
with
the
wastewater
provisions
of
the
HON.
The
Benzene
Waste
Operations
NESHAP
also
affects
numerous
industries.
This
rule
requires
facilities
that
generate
benzene
wastes
to
remove
benzene
to
a
level
less
than
10
parts
per
million
by
weight
(
ppmw)
on
a
flow­
weighted
annual
average
or
by
99
percent
on
a
mass
basis.
Other
NESHAPs,
such
as
the
Petroleum
Refinery
NESHAP,
regulate
benzene
emissions
by
requiring
compliance
with
the
wastewater
provisions
of
the
Benzene
NESHAP.

Other
promulgated
and
proposed
NESHAPs
that
regulate
the
emissions
of
F­
listed
solvents
include
the
following:

°
Pharmaceutical
Production
°
Off­
Site
Waste
and
Recovery
Operations
°
Publicly
Owned
Treatment
Works
°
Paint
Stripping
Operations
(
pending)
21
°
Miscellaneous
Organic
Chemical
Production
(
proposed)
°
Group
IV
Polymers
and
Resins
°
Cellulose
Products
Manufacturing
(
proposed)

In
addition
to
NESHAPs,
solvent
emissions
are
also
controlled
under
other
CAA
or
state
standards.
For
example,
New
Source
Performance
Standards
(
NSPS)
promulgated
under
the
authority
of
Section
111
of
the
CAA
(
42
U.
S.
C.
7411)
regulate
categories
of
sources
that
cause
or
contribute
significantly
to
air
pollution
and
that
may
reasonably
be
anticipated
to
endanger
public
health
or
welfare.
The
CAA
also
requires
states
to
meet
National
Ambient
Air
Quality
Standards
(
NAAQS)
for
ozone.
To
meet
federal
ozone
standards,
states
often
regulate
VOC
emissions
through
permit
limits.
State
rules
may
also
be
more
stringent
than
federal
requirements.
In
a
1999
survey
of
the
states
by
the
Council
of
State
Governments,
California,
Hawaii,
Montana
and
Wyoming
reported
having
ozone
standards
that
exceeded
EPA
standards.
The
report
also
stated
that
Connecticut,
Louisiana,
Rhode
Island
and
Vermont
reported
regulating
air
toxics/
HAPs
emissions
in
their
ambient
air
standards.

For
more
detailed
information
regarding
the
applicable
CAA
regulations,
see
Tables
II­
3,
II­
4
and
II­
6
below.

3.2
Clean
Water
Act
The
CWA
requires
major
industries
to
meet
performance
standards
that
ensure
water
pollution
control.
Effluent
guidelines
are
national
standards
for
wastewater
discharges
to
surface
waters
and
publicly
owned
treatment
works
(
POTWs).
EPA
issues
effluent
guidelines
for
categories
of
existing
sources
and
new
sources
under
Title
III
of
the
Clean
Water
Act.
The
standards
are
technology­
based
(
i.
e.,
based
on
the
performance
of
treatment
and
control
technologies)
rather
than
being
based
on
risk
or
impacts
upon
receiving
waters.

The
technology­
based
effluent
guidelines
establish
discharge
limits
of
conventional,
nonconventional
and
toxic
(
priority)
pollutants
into
navigable
waters
and
POTWs.
EPA
reviewed
the
effluent
guidelines
and
found
that
the
regulations
are
narrow
in
their
focus
on
specific
industries.
For
example,
the
Pharmaceutical
Manufacturing
Category
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
limit
the
discharge
of
pollutants
by
existing
and
new
pharmaceutical
manufacturing
facilities.
While
the
effluent
guidelines
regulate
specific
industries,
the
headworks
rule
applies
to
solvents
that
are
used
in
many
industries.
Therefore,
the
effluent
guidelines
that
have
either
been
promulgated
or
proposed
to
apply
to
industries
subject
to
the
headworks
rule
include
the
following:

°
Pesticide
Formulating,
Packaging
and
Repackaging
°
Centralized
Waste
Treatment
Industry
°
Paint
Formulating
(
proposed)
°
Ink
Formulating
(
proposed)
22
In
addition
to
meeting
the
applicable
federal
effluent
standards,
states,
territories,
and
authorized
Tribes
must
prepare
individual
control
strategies
to
reduce
toxics
from
point
and
nonpoint
sources
in
order
to
meet
surface
water
quality
standards.
These
strategies
could
address
control
of
pollutants
beyond
technology­
based
levels.
For
example,
Maryland
has
a
rule
requiring
biotoxicity
testing
in
new
or
renewed
discharge
permits
for
all
major
and
selected
non­
major
dischargers.
Local
authorities
can
set
local
limits
to
address
any
site­
specific
or
regional
problems
or
concerns.

States,
territories,
and
authorized
Tribes
must
identify
and
prioritize
waterbodies
for
which
technology­
based
effluent
limitations
are
not
stringent
enough
to
attain
or
maintain
applicable
water
quality
standards
and
establish
total
maximum
daily
loads
(
TMDLs)
for
pollutants
causing
impairment
to
those
waterbodies.
A
TMDL
specifies
the
amount
of
a
pollutant
that
may
be
present
in
a
waterbody,
allocates
allowable
pollutant
loads
among
sources,
and
provides
the
basis
for
attaining
or
maintaining
the
standard.
On
July
13,
2000,
EPA
finalized
a
rule
revising
the
requirements
for
establishing
TMDLs.
(
See
65
FR
43585)
The
rule
provides
for
more
specific
listing
methodologies
and
a
more
comprehensive
list
of
impaired
waterbodies.
In
addition,
the
rule
requires
states,
territories,
and
authorized
Tribes
to
submit
a
prioritized
schedule
for
establishing
TMDLs
that
must
be
addressed
as
expeditiously
as
practicable
and
within
10
years
of
July
10,
2000
or
10
years
from
the
due
date
for
the
first
list
on
which
the
waterbody
appeared,
whichever
is
later.

For
more
detailed
information
about
specific
CWA
regulations
applicable
to
headworks
industries,
see
Tables
II­
3,
II­
5
and
II­
6
below.
23
Table
II­
3.
CAA
and
CWA
Regulations
that
Apply
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
Rule
Federal
Register
Citation
CFR
Citation
Summary
Benzene
Waste
Operations
NESHAP
55
FR
8292
(
March
7,
1990)
40
CFR
61.340­
359
(
Subpart
FF)
Units
managing
benzene
wastes
­
tanks,
surface
impoundments,
and
oil­
water
separators
must
be
equipped
with
a
cover
and
vented
to
a
closed
vent
system
and
control
device.
(
40
CFR
61.341)
Benzene
wastes
must
be
treated
to
remove
benzene
to
a
level
less
than
10
ppmw
on
a
flowweighted
annual
average,
or
remove
benzene
by
99%
or
more
on
a
mass
basis,
or
destroy
benzene
by
incineration
in
a
combustion
unit
that
achieves
a
destruction
efficiency
of
99%
or
greater
for
benzene.
(
40
CFR
61.348(
a)(
1))

Wastes
are
exempt
if:
1)
waste
streams
have
a
concentration
of
10
ppm
on
an
annual
average
basis;
and
2)
waste
streams
have
flow
rates
less
than
0.02
liters
per
minute
(
Lpm)
or
a
total
mass
of
waste
less
than
10
Mg/
yr.
(
40
CFR
61.342(
c)(
2)­(
c)(
3))

Cellulose
Products
Manufacturing
NESHAP
(
proposed)
65
FR
52166
(
August
28,
2000)
40
CFR
63.5480
­

5690
(
Subpart
UUUU)
Requires
facilities
to
reduce
HAP
emissions
from
their
wastewater
by
complying
with
the
applicable
process
wastewater
provisions
in
subpart
G
of
40
CFR
part
63.
(
65
FR
52193)

F­
listed
solvents
that
are
HAPs:
carbon
disulfide,
methanol,
and
toluene.

Centralized
Waste
Treatment
Industry
Effluent
Limitation
65
FR
81242
(
December
22,
2000)
40
CFR
437.10
­
47
(
Subparts
A
­
D)
Requires
facilities
in
the
organics
treatment
subcategory
to
utilize
equalization
and
biological
treatment
(
in
the
form
of
a
sequential
batch
reactor).
(
65
FR
81247)

Commercial
Hazardous
Waste
Combustor
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
65
FR
4360
(
January
27,
2000)
40
CFR
444.10
­
18
(
Subpart
A)
The
rule
does
not
apply
to
industrial
waste
combustors
that
do
not
burn
hazardous
waste.
Also,

does
not
include
captive
or
intracompany
HWCs
so
long
as
the
combustors
did
not
burn
off­
site
wastes
generated
at
a
facility
not
under
the
same
corporate
structure
or
subject
to
the
same
ownership.
EPA
found
that
the
bulk
of
wastewater
discharges
from
captive
and
intracompany
combustion
operations
are
being
regulated
under
industry­
specific
guidelines
and
many
existing
effluent
guidelines
specify
air
pollution
control
wastewaters
as
an
  
in­
scope''
wastewater
(
e.
g.,

Organic
Chemicals,
Plastics
and
Synthetic
Fibers
category
and
Pharmaceutical
Manufacturing
category).
(
65
FR
4366)

Regulates
discharge
of
metals,
solids
and
pH.
(
40
CFR
444.12)
Table
II­
3.
CAA
and
CWA
Regulations
that
Apply
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
Rule
Federal
Register
Citation
CFR
Citation
Summary
24
Group
I
Polymers
and
Resins
NESHAP
61
FR
46906
(
September
5,
1996)
40
CFR
63.480­
506
(
Subpart
U)
Except
for
back­
end
wastewater
streams
originating
from
equipment
that
only
produces
latex,

and
back­
end
wastewater
streams
at
affected
sources
that
are
subject
to
the
residual
organic
HAP
limitation,
the
standard
requires
compliance
with
the
wastewater
provisions
of
the
HON
and
the
maintenance
wastewater
requirements
in
63.105
of
subpart
F.
(
40
CFR
63.501(
b)­(
c))

Batch
front­
end
process
units
with
HAP
emissions
<
225
Kg/
yr
are
exempt
(
61
FR
46912);

Group
I
batch
units
emit
>
11,800
Kg
HAP/
yr
and
require
emission
controls.
(
40
CFR
63.488(
d))

Back­
end
(
after
stripping)
process
units
have
residual
HAP
limitations.
(
61
FR
46912)

Primary
F­
listed
solvents
that
are
HAPs:
carbon
tetrachloride
and
toluene.
(
61
FR
46907)

Group
IV
Polymers
and
Resins
NESHAP
61
FR
48208
(
September
12,
1996)
40
CFR
63.1310
­

1335
(
Subpart
JJJ)
Except
for
acrylonitrile
styrene,
acrylate/
alpha
methyl
styrene,
and
acrylonitrile
affected
sources,
the
standard
requires
compliance
with
the
wastewater
provisions
of
the
HON
and
the
maintenance
wastewater
requirements
in
63.105
of
subpart
F.
(
61
FR
48215)

Primary
F­
listed
solvents
that
are
HAPs:
methanol
Hazardous
Organic
NESHAP
(
HON)
­

Synthetic
Organic
Chemical
Manufacturing
Industry
(
SOCMI)
59
FR
19402
(
April
22,
1994)
40
CFR
63.110­
147
(
Subpart
G)
Wastewater
is
any
organic
HAP­
containing
water
that
exits
any
chemical
manufacturing
process
unit
equipment
and
has
either
a
total
volatile
organic
HAP
concentration
of
5
ppmw
or
greater
and
a
flow
rate
of
0.02
Lpm
or
greater
or
a
total
volatile
organic
HAP
concentration
of
10,000
ppmw
or
greater
at
any
flow
rate.
(
59
FR
19403)

Emissions
must
be
controlled,
e.
g.,
fixed
roof
and
closed
vent
system,
if
the
annual
average
concentration
of
Table
9
compounds
(
75
compounds
­
applicable
solvents
listed
below)
is
1,000
ppmw
and
the
annual
average
flow
rate
is
greater
than
or
equal
to
10
Lpm
or
the
total
annual
average
concentration
of
Table
9
compounds
is
greater
than
or
equal
to
10,000
ppmw
at
any
flow
rate.
(
59
FR
19407)

EPA
identified
75
organic
HAPs
that
are
most
likely
emitted
from
wastewater.
Possible
HAP
F­
listed
solvents
include:
benzene,
carbon
disulfide,
carbon
tetrachloride,
chlorobenzene,
ethyl
benzene,
methanol,
MEK,
MIBK,
methylene
chloride,
2­
nitropropane,
tetrachloroethylene,

toluene,
1,1,1­
trichloroethane,
1,1,2­
trichloroethane,
trichloroethylene,
and
xylene.

Requires
suppression
of
emissions
from
tanks
and
surface
impoundments
using
covers/
enclosures
and
closed
vent
systems.
(
40
CFR
63.134(
b)
Emissions
must
be
reduced
by
95%
for
combustion
or
recovery
devices
or
to
a
level
of
20
ppmv
for
combustion
devices.
(
59
FR
19407)
Biological
treatment
can
be
open
or
closed
but
must
achieve
at
least
a
95%

reduction
in
total
organic
HAP
mass
of
all
listed
organic
HAPs.
(
59
FR
19423)
Table
II­
3.
CAA
and
CWA
Regulations
that
Apply
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
Rule
Federal
Register
Citation
CFR
Citation
Summary
25
HON
NESHAP
Amendment
62
FR
2722
(
January
17,
1997)
40
CFR
63.110­
147
(
Subpart
G)
Added
nitrobenzene
to
the
list
of
75
HAPs
that
had
to
be
controlled,
increasing
the
list
to
76.

(
62
FR
2723)

If
wastewater
is
shipped
off­
site,
the
facility
must
certify
it
will
treat
the
waste
to
the
standard
required
by
the
HON.
(
62
FR
2723)

Ink
Formulating
Effluent
Guidelines
40
CFR
447.10
­
16
(
Subpart
A)
Applicable
to
discharges
resulting
from
the
production
of
oil­
based
ink
where
the
tank­
washing
system
uses
solvents.
When
a
plant
is
subject
to
effluent
limitations
covering
more
than
one
subcategory,
the
discharge
limitation
shall
be
the
aggregate
of
the
limitations
applicable
to
the
total
production
covered
in
each
subcategory.
(
40
CFR
447.10)

Must
comply
with
40
CFR
part
403.
(
40
CFR447.16)

Leather
Finishing
Operations
NESHAP
65
FR
58702
(
October
2,
2000)

67
FR
9155
(
February
27,
2002)
40
CFR
63.5280
­

5460
(
Subpart
TTTT)
The
affected
source
includes
all
equipment
that
emits
HAPs,
including
wastewater
that
contains
HAPs.
Does
not
cover
solvent
degreasing
covered
by
the
halogenated
solvent
cleaning
NESHAP.
Non­
water
resistant
leather
finishing
can
be
solvent­
based
with
allowable
HAP
emissions:
5.6
lb/
1,000
ft2.
(
67
FR
9163)

EPA
identified
leather
finishing
facilities
as
major
sources
for
glycol
ethers,
toluene,
and
xylene.
(
67
FR
9161)

An
affected
source
does
not
include
portions
of
the
leather
finishing
operation
that
are:
(
1)

Equipment
used
solely
with
leather
tanning
operations;
and
(
2)
That
portion
of
your
leather
finishing
operation
using
a
solvent
degreasing
process,
such
as
in
the
manufacture
of
leather
chamois,
which
is
already
subject
to
the
Halogenated
Solvent
Cleaning
NESHAP
(
40
CFR
part
63,
subpart
T).
(
40
CFR
63.5290(
c))

Misc.
Organic
Chemical
Production
and
Processes
(
MON)
NESHAP
Slated
for
proposal
in
March
2002
40
CFR
Part
63
(
Subpart
FFFF)
Includes,
but
is
not
limited
to,
production
of:
alkyd
resins,
chlorinated
paraffins,
paints,
coatings
and
adhesives,
photographic
chemicals,
rubber
chemicals,
chelating
agents
and
explosives.

(
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
ttn/
atw/
mactupd.
html)
Table
II­
3.
CAA
and
CWA
Regulations
that
Apply
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
Rule
Federal
Register
Citation
CFR
Citation
Summary
26
Off­
Site
Waste
and
Recovery
Operations
NESHAP
61
FR
34139
(
July
1,
1996)

64
FR
38950
(
July
20,
1999)
40
CFR
63.80­
98
(
Subpart
DD)
Required
to
achieve
a
HAP
biodegradation
efficiency
of
99%
or
more
when
VOHAP
is

10,000
ppmw.
(
64
FR
38955)

Regulates
wastewaters
other
than
those
that
are
RCRA
hazardous
wastewaters.
Does
not
regulate
POTWs
(
which
are
addressed
by
a
separate
NESHAP).
(
61
FR
34144)

F­
listed
solvents
that
are
HAPs:
benzene,
carbon
disulfide,
carbon
tetrachloride,
chlorobenzene,

ethyl
benzene,
methanol,
1,1,1­
trichloroethane,
MEK,
MIBK,
methylene
chloride,
nitrobenzene,

2­
nitropropane,
tetrachloroethylene,
toluene,
1,1,2­
trichloroethane,
trichloroethylene,
and
xylene.

Paint
Formulating
Effluent
Guidelines
66
FR
10060
(
February
13,
2001)
40
CFR
446.10
­
16
(
Subpart
A)
Applicable
to
discharges
resulting
from
the
production
of
oil­
based
paint
where
tank­
cleaning
is
performed
using
solvents.
(
66
FR
10066)
When
a
plant
is
subject
to
effluent
limitations
covering
more
than
one
subcategory,
the
discharge
limitation
shall
be
the
aggregate
of
the
limitations
applicable
to
the
total
production
covered
in
each
subcategory.
(
40
CFR
446.10)

Must
comply
with
40
CFR
part
403.
(
66
FR
10066)

Paint
Stripping
Operations
NESHAP
Pending
EPA
identified
the
most
common
HAP
chemical­
based
strippers
as
methylene
chloride­
based;

other
HAP
chemicals
that
may
be
used
in
paint
strippers
include
toluene
and
MEK.
EPA
also
identified
contaminated
rinse
water
and
coating
and
solvent
sludge
that
is
removed
from
the
substrate
as
potential
HAP
emission
sources.
(
Office
of
Air
Quality
Planning
and
Standards,
Draft
Presumptive
Maximum
Achievable
Control
Technology
for
the
Paint
Stripping
Operations
Source
Category,
Page
III­
4
(
January
1999)
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
ttn/
atw/
paintst/
ps_
pmact.
pdf)

Pesticide
Formulating,

Packaging
and
Repackaging
Effluent
Guidelines
61
FR
57518
(
November
6,
1996)
40
CFR
455.40
­
47
(
Subpart
C)
EPA
has
established
effluent
limitations
and
pretreatment
standards
which
require
pesticide
formulating,
packaging
and
repackaging
facilities
to
choose
to
meet
a
zero
discharge
limitation
or
comply
with
the
P2
alternative.
(
Also
includes
facilities
that
manufacture
pesticide
active
ingredients
(
PAIs).)
(
61
FR
57521)

F­
listed
solvents
present:
methylene
chloride,
carbon
disulfide,
carbon
tetrachloride,

cresol/
cresylic
acid,
cyclohexanone,
tetrachlorethylene,
and
xylene.
Table
II­
3.
CAA
and
CWA
Regulations
that
Apply
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
Rule
Federal
Register
Citation
CFR
Citation
Summary
27
Petroleum
Refinery
NESHAP
60
FR
43244
(
August
18,
1995)
40
CFR
63.
640­
679
(
Subpart
CC)
Group
1
wastewater
stream
means
a
wastewater
stream
at
a
petroleum
refinery
with
a
total
annual
benzene
loading
of
10
megagrams
per
year
or
greater
as
calculated
according
to
the
procedures
in
40
CFR
61.342
of
subpart
FF
of
part
61
that
has
a
flow
rate
of
0.02
liters
per
minute
or
greater,
a
benzene
concentration
of
10
parts
per
million
by
weight
or
greater,
and
is
not
exempt
from
control
requirements
under
the
provisions
of
40
CFR
part
61,
subpart
FF.
In
general,
streams
are
not
exempt
from
40
CFR
part
61
subpart
FF
if
they
contain
a
concentration
of
at
least
10
ppmw
benzene,
and
have
a
flow
rate
of
at
least
0.02
liters
per
minute
(
Lpm)
or
0.005
gallons
per
minute
(
gal/
min).
(
60
FR
43247)

Pharmaceutical
Manufacturing
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
63
FR
50388
(
September
21,
1998)
40
CFR
136.3
40
CFR
439.10
­
49
(
Subparts
A
­
D)
Written
in
conjunction
with
Pharmaceutical
Production
NESHAP
and
not
based
on
a
percent
reduction
of
BOD.

4
regulated
manufacturing
subcategories:
fermentation
products
(
40
CFR
439.10);
extraction
products
(
40
CFR
439.20);
chemical
synthesis
(
40
CFR
439.30);
and
mixing,
compounding,
and
formulating
(
40
CFR
439.40).

Existing
point
sources
­
set
effluent
limitations
and
existing
source
pretreatment
standards
for
the
following
possible
F­
listed
solvents:
acetone,
chlorobenzene,
MIBK,
ethyl
acetate,

methanol,
benzene,
toluene,
xylene,
and
methylene
chloride.
(
40
CFR
439.16,
439.26,
439.36,

439.46)
Table
II­
3.
CAA
and
CWA
Regulations
that
Apply
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
Rule
Federal
Register
Citation
CFR
Citation
Summary
28
Pharmaceuticals
Production
NESHAP
63
FR
50280
(
September
21,
1998)
40
CFR
63.1250­

1261
(
Subpart
GGG)
Existing
sources
are
required
to
control
wastewater
with
the
following
characteristics:

(
A)
contains
partially
soluble
HAP
compounds
at
an
annual
average
concentration
greater
than
1,300
ppmw,
and
the
total
soluble
and
partially
soluble
HAP
load
in
all
wastewater
from
the
PMPU
exceeds
0.25
Mg/
yr.

(
B)
contains
partially
soluble
and/
or
soluble
HAP
compounds
at
an
annual
average
concentration
greater
than
5,200
ppmw,
and
the
total
soluble
and
partially
soluble
HAP
load
in
all
wastewater
from
the
PMPU
exceeds
0.25
Mg/
yr.

(
C)
contains
partially
soluble
and/
or
soluble
HAP
at
an
annual
average
concentration
of
greater
than
10,000
ppmw,
and
the
total
partially
soluble
and/
or
soluble
HAP
load
in
all
wastewater
from
the
affected
source
is
greater
than
1
Mg/
yr.

(
D)
contains
soluble
HAP
compounds
at
an
annual
average
concentration
greater
than
110,000
ppmw,
and
the
total
soluble
and
partially
soluble
HAP
load
in
all
wastewater
from
the
PMPU
exceeds
1
Mg/
yr.

(
40
CFR
63.1256(
a)(
1)(
i)(
A)­(
D))

De
minimis
exemption:
Streams
containing
less
than
5
ppmw
of
partially
soluble
and/
or
soluble
HAP
and
a
total
yearly
load
of
0.05
kg/
yr
of
partially
soluble
and/
or
soluble
HAP
are
not
considered
wastewaters.
(
63
FR
50285)

Requires
that
air
emissions
from
wastewater
collection
systems
be
suppressed
and
that
the
wastewater
be
treated.
Compliance
is
demonstrated
by
one
of
the
following:
1)
using
enhanced
biotreatment
for
soluble
HAP;
2)
demonstrating
removal
achieving
99%
by
weight
of
partially
soluble
HAP
and
90%
by
weight
of
soluble
HAP;
or
3)
demonstrating
removal
of
95%
by
weight
of
total
organic
HAP
from
treatment
systems.

Compliance
can
also
be
shown
by
P2
alternatives:
1)
demonstrate
at
least
a
75%
reduction
in
the
kg
consumption/
kg
production
factor
from
baseline
or
2)
at
least
50%
reduction
in
the
kg/
kg
factor,
plus
an
additional
reduction
from
add­
on
control
equivalent
to
at
least
a
75%
overall
reduction
in
the
kg/
kg
factor
from
baseline.
(
63
FR
50285­
50286)

Possible
F­
listed
solvents
which
are
HAPs:
benzene,
carbon
disulfide,
carbon
tetrachloride,

chlorobenzene,
cresols,
cresylic
acid,
ethyl
benzene,
MIBK,
methanol,
methylene
chloride,

1,1,1­
trichloroethane,
1,1,2­
trichloroethane,
nitrobenzene,
2­
nitropropane,
xylene,
toluene,

glycol
ethers,
tetrachloroethylene,
trichloroethylene,
and
MEK.
(
40
CFR
63.1256,
Tables
2
and
3)

Pharmaceuticals
Production
NESHAP
Amendment
65
FR
52588
(
August
29,
2000)
40
CFR
63.1255­

1256
Extended
the
list
of
exempt
wastewaters
to
include
equipment
leaks
and
drips
from
disconnected
hoses.
(
65
FR
52591)
Table
II­
3.
CAA
and
CWA
Regulations
that
Apply
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
Rule
Federal
Register
Citation
CFR
Citation
Summary
29
POTW
NESHAP
64
FR
57572
(
October
26,
1999)
40
CFR
63.1580
­

1595
(
Subpart
VVV)
Primary
HAP
F­
listed
solvent
emissions:
xylene,
methylene
chloride,
toluene,
ethyl
benzene,

tetrachloroethylene,
and
benzene.

Under
the
industrial
discharger's
MACT,
the
industrial
POTW
normally
provides
air
pollution
control
under
a
contractual
agreement.
This
rule
made
those
controls
enforceable
on
the
POTW.
New
or
reconstructed
facilities
will
be
required
to
meet
the
most
stringent
standard
(
industrial
or
non­
industrial),
e.
g.,
use
covers
and
control
devices
on
the
POTW
treatment
units
up
to,
but
not
including,
the
secondary
treatment
units.
(
64
FR
57572)

Synthetic
Organic
Chemical
Manufacturing
Industry
(
SOCMI)

Wastewater
NSPS
(
proposed)
59
FR
46780
(
September
12,
1994)

60
FR
52889
(
October
11,
1995)

63
FR
67988
(
December
9,
1998)
40
CFR
60.770
­
789
(
Subpart
YYY)
Emissions
must
be
controlled
from
wastewater
streams
with
a
volatile
organic
concentration
greater
than
or
equal
to
500
ppmw
and
flow
rates
greater
than
or
equal
to
1
Lpm
or
with
a
volatile
organic
concentration
greater
than
10,000
ppmw
at
any
flow
rate.
Wastewaters
are
exempt
if
the
annual
volatile
organic
mass
is
less
than
1
Mg.
(
63
FR
68013)

F­
listed
solvents
that
are
SOCMI
VOC
chemicals:
1,1,2­
trichloro­
1,2,2­
trifluroethane,
acetone,

benzene,
n
 
butyl
alcohol,
carbon
disulfide,
carbon
tetrachloride,
chlorobenzene,
cresols
and
cresylic
acid,
cyclohexanone,
ortho­
dichlorobenzene,
ethyl
acetate,
ethyl
benzene,
ethyl
ether,

2­
ethoxyethanol,
isobutanol,
methanol,
MEK,
MIBK,
methylene
chloride,
nitrobenzene,
2­

nitropropane,
pyridine,
tetrachloroethylene,
toluene,
1,1,1­
trichloroethane,
1,1,2­

trichloroethane,
trichloroethylene,
trichlorofluoromethane,
and
xylene.
30
Table
II­
4.
Applicability
of
CAA
Regulations
to
Process
Units,
Wastewater,
and
Waste
Operations
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Process
Unit
Wastewater
(
WW)
Waste
Operations
Benzene
Waste
Operations
2869
3251
32511
N/
A
N/
A
Applicable
to
benzene
wastes
generated
by
chemical
plants,
petroleum
refineries,
and
coke
oven
by­
products.
(
40
CFR
61.340)

Benzene
wastes
must
be
treated
to
remove
benzene
to
a
level
less
than
10
ppmw
on
a
flow­
weighted
annual
average,
or
remove
benzene
by
99%
or
more
on
a
mass
basis,

or
destroy
benzene
by
incineration
in
a
combustion
unit
that
achieves
a
destruction
efficiency
of
99%
or
greater
for
benzene.

(
40
CFR
61.348(
a)(
1))

Cellulose
Products
Manufacturing
NESHAP
(
proposed)
2821
2823
2869
325211
325221
325199
Unloading
and
storage
requirements:
1)

reduce
carbon
disulfide
(
CS2)
by
at
least
83%;
2)
install
a
nitrogen
system
for
CS2;
or
3)
obtain
an
equivalent
reduction
elsewhere
in
the
process.
(
65
FR
52169)

CS2
process
vent
emission
reduction
requirements
are
a
percentage
unique
to
the
type
of
viscose
process
operation
(
25­
99%).
(
65
FR
52194)

Solvent
coating
operations
and
toluene
storage
vessels
must
have
95%
control.

Cellulose
ether
process
vents
must
achieve
99%
control.
(
65
FR
52197)
Requires
facilities
to
reduce
HAP
emissions
from
their
WW
by
complying
with
the
applicable
process
WW
provisions
in
subpart
G
of
40
CFR
part
63.
(
65
FR
52193)
N/
A
Table
II­
4.
Applicability
of
CAA
Regulations
to
Process
Units,
Wastewater,
and
Waste
Operations
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Process
Unit
Wastewater
(
WW)
Waste
Operations
31
Group
I
Polymers
&

Resins
2869
3251
Group
I
(
from
HON)
storage
vessels
must
have
emission
controls.
Closed
vent
systems
must
utilize
a
control
device
with
a
95%
efficiency.
(
61
FR
46911)

Group
I
front­
end
continuous
process
vents
­
flow
rate
>
0.005
scm,
organic
HAP

50
ppmv
and
a
total
resource
effectiveness
(
TRE)
index
value

1.0.

Control
emissions
by
1)
using
a
flare;
2)

reducing
organic
HAP
by
98
weightpercent
or
to
a
concentration

20
ppmv;

or
3)
maintaining
a
TRE
index
>
1.0.

Group
I
batch
units
may:
1)
use
a
flare;

or
2)
reduce
organic
HAP
by
90
weightpercent
for
each
batch.

Back­
end
process
units
can
strip
the
polymer
to
remove
residual
HAP;
or
use
an
add­
on
control
device
equivalent
to
stripping.
(
61
FR
46911)
Except
for
back­
end
WW
streams
originating
from
equipment
that
only
produces
latex
and
back­
end
WW
streams
at
affected
sources
that
are
subject
to
the
residual
organic
HAP
limitation,
the
standard
requires
compliance
with
the
WW
provisions
of
the
HON.
(
40
CFR
63.501(
b)­

(
c))
Operators
must
have
a
plan
for
managing
maintenance
wastewaters
generated
during
start­
up,
shutdown,
and
malfunction.
(
40
CFR
63.105)
N/
A
Group
IV
Polymers
&

Resins
NESHAP
3251
Continuous
process
vents
must
meet
HON
requirements.
(
61
FR
48215)

Batch
process
vents
may:
use
a
flare;
or
2)
reduce
organic
HAP
90
weightpercent
for
each
batch.
(
61
FR
48211)
Except
for
acrylonitrile,
styrene
acrylate/
alpha
methyl
styrene,
acrylonitrile
affected
sources,
the
standard
requires
compliance
with
the
WW
provisions
of
the
HON
and
the
maintenance
WW
requirements
in
63.105
of
subpart
F.
(
61
FR
48215)
N/
A
Table
II­
4.
Applicability
of
CAA
Regulations
to
Process
Units,
Wastewater,
and
Waste
Operations
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Process
Unit
Wastewater
(
WW)
Waste
Operations
32
Hazardous
Organic
NESHAP
(
HON)
2865
325132
Group
1
process
vents
(
TRE

1.0)
­

reduce
emissions
of
organic
HAP
using
a
flare;
reduce
emissions
of
organic
HAP
by
98%
by
weight
or
to
a
concentration
of
20
ppmv
or
less;
or
achieve
and
maintain
a
TRE
index
above
1.
(
40
CFR
63.113(
a))

Group
2
process
vents
(
TRE
1.0­
4.0)
are
required
to
be
monitored
to
ensure
they
do
not
become
Group
1.
(
40
CFR
63.113(
d))

Requires
control
of
emissions
from
storage
vessels.
(
40
CFR
63.119­
123)
Emissions
must
be
controlled,
e.
g.,
fixed
roof
and
closed
vent
system,
if
the
annual
average
concentration
of
Table
9
compounds
is
1,000
ppmw
and
the
annual
average
flow
rate
is

10
Lpm
or
the
total
annual
average
concentration
of
Table
9
compounds
is

10,000
ppmw
at
any
flow
rate.
Sources
must
also
control
emissions
if
the
average
flow
rate
is
0.02
Lpm
or
greater
and
the
average
VOHAP
concentration
of
Table
8
solvents
is

10
ppmw.
(
59
FR
19419)

Requires
suppression
from
point
of
generation
(
POG)
to
the
treatment
device
using
covers/
enclosures
and
closed
vent
systems
to
collect
organic
HAP
vapors
from
WW.
Emissions
must
be
reduced
by
95%
for
combustion
or
recovery
devices
or
to
a
level
of
20
ppmv
for
combustion
devices.
(
59
FR
19407)

Biological
treatment
can
be
open
or
closed
but
must
achieve
at
least
a
95%
reduction
in
total
organic
HAP
mass
of
all
listed
organic
HAPs.
(
59
FR
19423)

Surface
impoundments
must
have
a
cover
and
closed
vent
system
to
a
control
device.

(
40
CFR
63.134(
b))
N/
A
Table
II­
4.
Applicability
of
CAA
Regulations
to
Process
Units,
Wastewater,
and
Waste
Operations
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Process
Unit
Wastewater
(
WW)
Waste
Operations
33
Leather
Finishing
Operations
NESHAP
3161
3111
All
equipment
that
emits
HAPs
­
Total
facility
limits.
(
67
FR
68712)

Water­
resistant
leather
(

5,000
Maeser
flexes)­
Allowable
HAP
loss
=
5.6
lb/
1,000
ft2.
(
67
FR
9170)

An
affected
source
does
not
include
portions
of
your
leather
finishing
operation
that
are:
(
1)
Equipment
used
solely
with
leather
tanning
operations;

and
(
2)
That
portion
of
your
leather
finishing
operation
using
a
solvent
degreasing
process,
such
as
in
the
manufacture
of
leather
chamois,
that
is
already
subject
to
the
Halogenated
Solvent
Cleaning
NESHAP
(
40
CFR
part
63,
subpart
T).
(
40
CFR
63.5290(
c))
All
equipment
that
emits
HAPs
­
Total
facility
limits.

Water­
resistant
leather
(

5,000
Maeser
flexes)­
Allowable
HAP
loss
=
5.6
lb/
1,000
ft2.
(
67
FR
9170)

An
affected
source
does
not
include
portions
of
your
leather
finishing
operation
that
are:
(
1)
Equipment
used
solely
with
leather
tanning
operations;
and
(
2)
That
portion
of
your
leather
finishing
operation
using
a
solvent
degreasing
process,
such
as
in
the
manufacture
of
leather
chamois,
that
is
already
subject
to
the
Halogenated
Solvent
Cleaning
NESHAP
(
40
CFR
part
63,
subpart
T).
(
40
CFR
63.5290(
c))
N/
A
Off­
Site
Waste
Recovery
Operations
NESHAP
4953
2992
7389
562211
562213
325998
324191
If
the
HAP
material
is
destroyed
prior
to
placing
in
the
process
unit,
use
of
air
emission
controls
is
not
required.

Process
vents
must
have
emission
controls
if
the
VOHAP
concentration
is

500
ppmw
and
obtain
a
95%
control
efficiency.
Required
to
achieve
a
HAP
removal
efficiency
of

99%
when
the
VOHAP
concentration
is

10,000
ppmw
in
open
tanks
or
surface
impoundments;
or
95%

when
the
VOHAP
concentration
is
<
10,000
ppmw.
N/
A
Table
II­
4.
Applicability
of
CAA
Regulations
to
Process
Units,
Wastewater,
and
Waste
Operations
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Process
Unit
Wastewater
(
WW)
Waste
Operations
34
Pharmaceuticals
Production
NESHAP
2833
2834
325411
325412
Pharmaceutical
manufacturing
process
unit
includes
process
vents,
equipment
leaks,
storage
tanks,
wastewater
collection
and
treatment
systems,
and
heat
exchange
systems
that
are
used
in
the
manufacturing
of
a
pharmaceutical
product.
(
63
FR
50284)

Storage
tanks
with
a
vapor
pressure

13.1
kPa
and
capacities

38m3
(
10,000
gal)
and
less
than
75m3
(
20,000
gal)

emissions
must
be
reduced
by
90%.
(
40
CFR
63.1253)

Storage
tanks
with

13.1
kPa
and
capacities

75m3
(
20,000
gal):

emissions
must
be
reduced
by
95%.
(
40
CFR
63.1253)

The
sum
of
all
process
vent
emissions
must
be
reduced
to
900
kg/
yr
or
meet
an
overall
process
control
level
of
93%.
(
40
CFR
63.1254(
a)(
1)(
i)
and
(
a)(
2)(
i))

Compliance
can
also
be
shown
in
existing
sources
by
P2
alternatives:

1)
demonstrate
at
least
a
75%
reduction
in
the
kg
consumption/
kg
production
factor
from
baseline;
or
2)
at
least
50%
reduction
in
the
kg/
kg
factor,
plus
an
additional
reduction
from
add­
on
control
equivalent
to
at
least
a
75%
overall
reduction
in
the
kg/
kg
factor
from
baseline.
(
63
FR
50286)
Requires
that
air
emissions
from
WW
collection
systems
be
suppressed
and
that
WW
be
treated.
Compliance
is
demonstrated
by
one
of
the
following:

1)
using
enhanced
biotreatment
system
for
soluble
HAP;

2)
demonstrating
removal
achieving
99%

by
weight
of
partially
soluble
HAP
and
90%
by
weight
of
soluble
HAP;
or
3)
demonstrating
removal
of
95%
by
weight
of
total
organic
HAP
from
treatment
systems.

(
63
FR
50285)

Compliance
can
also
be
shown
in
existing
sources
by
P2
alternatives:

1)
demonstrate
at
least
a
75%
reduction
in
the
kg
consumption/
kg
production
factor
from
baseline;
or
2)
at
least
50%
reduction
in
the
kg/
kg
factor,
plus
an
additional
reduction
from
add­
on
control
equivalent
to
at
least
a
75%

overall
reduction
in
the
kg/
kg
factor
from
baseline.
(
63
FR
50285)
If
other
standards
(
e.
g.,
RCRA)
could
apply
to
the
same
situation,
the
owner/
operator
(
O/
O)
may
elect
to
comply
with
the
monitoring,
recordkeeping
and
reporting
requirements
of
either
rule,
provided
they
identify
which
rule's
requirements
they
have
selected
in
the
Notification
of
Compliance
status
report.
(
40
CFR
63.1250(
h)(
1)(
I))
Table
II­
4.
Applicability
of
CAA
Regulations
to
Process
Units,
Wastewater,
and
Waste
Operations
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Process
Unit
Wastewater
(
WW)
Waste
Operations
35
POTW
NESHAP
4952
22132
N/
A
New
or
reconstructed
industrial
POTWs
will
be
required
to
meet
the
most
stringent
of
the
following
standards:
1)
industrial
dischargers
MACT;
2)
use
covers
and
control
devices
on
the
POTW
treatment
units
up
to,
but
not
including,
the
secondary
treatment
units.
As
an
alternative
to
#
2,
facilities
can
comply
by
demonstrating
that
the
fraction
emitted
does
not
exceed
0.014
(
dividing
the
sum
total
HAP
emissions
by
the
sum
total
of
HAP
loading­
annual
rolling
average).
(
64
FR
57575)

The
industrial
dischargers
MACT
control
requirements
are
enforceable
on
the
POTW.

(
64
FR
57575)
N/
A
SOCMI
Wastewater
NSPS
(
proposed)
2865
2869
3251
N/
A
Control
emissions
from
WW
streams
with
a
volatile
organic
concentration

500
ppmw
and
flow
rates

1
Lpm
or
with
a
volatile
organic
concentration
>
10,000
ppmw
at
any
flow
rate.
(
63
FR
68013)

WW
management
units
include,
but
are
not
limited
to,
storage
&
treatment
tanks,

surface
impoundments,
lift
stations,
weirs,

oil
water
separators,
clarifiers,
&
biological
treatment
units.
(
63
FR
68008)
N/
A
36
Table
II­
5.
Applicability
of
CWA
Regulations
to
Process
Equipment,
Wastewater,
and
Waste
Operations
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Process
Equipment
Wastewater
(
WW)
Waste
Operations
Centralized
Waste
Treatment
Industry
Effluent
Limitation
4953
7389
2992
562211
562213
325998
324191
Direct
dischargers
must
employ
best
practicable
technology
currently
available
(
BPT)
for
17
pollutants
in
the
organics
subcategory
based
on
equalization
and
biological
treatment
in
the
form
of
a
batch
reactor.

(
65
FR
81269)

BPT
organic
parameters
include
acetone,
cresol
and
pyridine.

Existing
and
new
sources
must
meet
pretreatment
limits
for
cresols.
(
65
FR
81350)
N/
A
Pesticide
Formulating,

Packaging
and
Repackaging
Effluent
Limitations
2879
325320
Indirect
dischargers
have
the
choice
of
meeting
the
zero
discharge
pretreatment
standard
or
implementing
the
P2
practices.
(
61
FR
57521)

Facilities
opting
for
zero
discharge
must
demonstrate
compliance
through
no
process
wastewater
flow
or
by
meeting
a
numerical
standard
equal
to
the
detection
limit
of
the
analytical
method
for
the
PAI
expected
in
the
wastewater.
Facilities
opting
to
comply
with
the
P2
option
must
submit
notification
of
all
P2
practices
and
any
treatment
process
used
to
the
proper
control
authority.

(
61
FR
57521)
On­
site
incineration
of
wastewater
is
acceptable
to
meet
the
zero
discharge
requirement.

(
61
FR
57527)

Wet
scrubbers
for
the
incinerators
are
not
subject
to
this
effluent
guideline,
however,

scrubber
waters
from
manufacturing
incinerators
are
subject
to
the
pesticide
manufacturing
effluent
guideline.
(
61
FR
57527)
Table
II­
5.
Applicability
of
CWA
Regulations
to
Process
Equipment,
Wastewater,
and
Waste
Operations
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Process
Equipment
Wastewater
(
WW)
Waste
Operations
37
Pharmaceutical
Manufacturing
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
2833
325411
325412
N/
A
Adds
new
end­
of­
pipe
best
available
technology
economically
achievable
(
BAT)
limitations
for
30
organic
pollutants
for
subcategories
(
A)
and
(
C)
 
fermentation
and
chemical
synthesis,
respectively.
The
limitations
are
based
on
advanced
biological
treatment.
(
63
FR
50393)

Direct
discharge
subcategories
(
B)
and
(
D)
 
extraction
products
and
mixing,
compounding,
and
formulating,

respectively
 
do
not
normally
discharge
any
organic
pollutants.
(
63
FR
50393)

Adds
pretreatment
standards
for
existing
and
new
facilities
for
23
organic
pollutants
for
subcategories
A
and
C
and
5
VOCs
for
subcategories
B
and
D.
(
63
FR
50393)

New
Source
Performance
Standards
added
effluent
limitations
for
30
organic
pollutants
for
subcategories
A
and
C.
(
63
FR
50393)
N/
A
38
Table
II­
6.
Applicability
of
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
and
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Affected
Industry
APPLICABLE
CAA
REGULATIONS
APPLICABLE
CWA
REGULATIONS
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
Wastewater­
Specific
NESHAP/
MACT
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
2821
325211
Cellulose
Products
Manufacturing
(
proposed)
Unloading
and
storage
requirements:

1)
reduce
carbon
disulfide
(
CS2)
by
at
least
83%;
2)
install
a
nitrogen
system
for
CS2;
or
3)
obtain
an
equivalent
reduction
elsewhere
in
the
process.

(
65
FR
52169)

CS2
process
vent
emission
reduction
requirements
are
a
percentage
unique
to
the
type
of
viscose
process
operation
(
25­
99%).
(
65
FR
52194)

Solvent
coating
operations
and
toluene
storage
vessels
must
have
95%

control.
Cellulose
ether
process
vents
must
achieve
99%
control.
(
65
FR
52197)
Reduce
HAP
emissions
from
their
WW
by
complying
with
the
applicable
process
WW
provisions
in
subpart
G
of
40
CFR
part
63.
(
65
FR
52193)
Yes
­
subject
to
Subpart
G
­
SOCMI
standards.
(
65
FR
52193)

Group
IV
Polymers
and
Resins
Continuous
process
vents
must
meet
HON
requirements.
(
61
FR
48215)

Batch
process
vents
may:
use
a
flare;

or
2)
reduce
organic
HAP
by
90
weight­
percent
for
each
batch.
(
61
FR
48211)
Yes
­
Must
meet
HON
wastewater
requirements
Misc.
Organic
Chemical
Production
(
MON)
Slated
for
proposal
March
2002.

(
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
ttn/
atw/
mactupd.

html)
Unknown
Table
II­
6.
Applicability
of
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
and
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Affected
Industry
APPLICABLE
CAA
REGULATIONS
APPLICABLE
CWA
REGULATIONS
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
Wastewater­
Specific
NESHAP/
MACT
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
39
2822
325212
Group
I
Polymers
and
Resins
Group
I
front­
end
continuous
process
vents
­
flow
rate
>
0.005
scm,
organic
HAP

50
ppmv
,
and
a
TRE
index
value

1.0.
(
61
FR
46911)

Control
emissions
by
1)
using
a
flare;

2)
reducing
organic
HAP
by
98
weight­
percent
or
to
a
concentration

20
ppmv;
or
3)
maintaining
a
TRE
index
>
1.0.
(
61
FR
46911)

Group
I
batch
units
may:
1)
use
a
flare;
or
reduce
organic
HAP
by
90
weight­
percent
for
each
batch.
(
61
FR
46912)

Back­
end
process
units
can
strip
the
polymer
to
remove
residual
HAP;
or
use
an
add­
on
control
device
equivalent
to
stripping.
(
61
FR
46913)
Yes
­
Must
meet
HON
wastewater
requirements.

Misc.
Organic
Chemical
Production
(
MON)
See
SIC
2821
for
MON
Description
2823
325221
Cellulose
Products
Manufacturing
(
proposed)
See
SIC
2821
for
Cellulose
Products
Manufacturing
2824
325222
Synthetic
Organic
Fibers
No
Any
point
source
must
achieve
discharges
not
exceeding
the
quantity
(
mass)
determined
by
multiplying
the
process
wastewater
flow
subject
to
this
subpart
times
the
concentration
listed
in
the
Table.
Table
II­
6.
Applicability
of
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
and
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Affected
Industry
APPLICABLE
CAA
REGULATIONS
APPLICABLE
CWA
REGULATIONS
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
Wastewater­
Specific
NESHAP/
MACT
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
40
2833
325411
Pharmaceutical
s
Production
Compliance
is
demonstrated
by
one
of
the
following:
1)

using
enhanced
biotreatment
system
for
soluble
HAPs;

2)
demonstrating
removal
achieving
99%
by
weight
of
partially
soluble
HAP
and
90%
by
weight
of
soluble
HAP;
or
3)
demonstrating
removal
of
95%
by
weight
of
total
organic
HAP
from
treatment
systems
or
by
P2
alternatives:

1)
demonstrate
at
least
a
75%

reduction
in
the
kg
consumption/
kg
production
factor
from
baseline;
or
2)
at
least
50%
reduction
in
the
kg/
kg
factor,
plus
an
additional
reduction
from
add­
on
control
equivalent
to
at
least
a
75%
overall
reduction
in
the
kg/
kg
factor
from
baseline.
Pharmaceutical
manufacturing
process
unit
(
PMPU)
includes
storage
Yes
­
Wastewater
stream
­

water
that
is
discarded
from
a
PMPU
through
a
single
point
of
determination
(
POD),
that
contains
an
annual
average
concentration
of
partially
soluble
and/
or
soluble
HAP
compounds
of
at
least
5
ppm
by
weight
and
a
load
of
at
least
0.05
kg/
yr.
Adds
new
end­
of­
pipe
best
available
technology
economically
achievable
(
BAT)
limitations
for
30
organic
pollutants
for
subcategories
(
A)
and
(
C)
 
fermentation
and
chemical
synthesis,

respectively.
The
limitations
are
based
on
advanced
biological
treatment.
(
63
FR
50393)

Direct
discharge
subcategories
(
B)
and
(
D)
 
extraction
products
and
mixing,

compounding,
and
formulating,

respectively
 
do
not
normally
discharge
any
organic
pollutants.

Adds
pretreatment
standards
for
existing
and
new
facilities
for
23
organic
pollutants
for
subcategories
A
and
C
and
5
VOCs
for
subcategories
B
and
D.
(
63
FR
50393)

New
Source
Performance
Standards
added
effluent
limitations
for
30
organic
pollutants
for
subcategories
A
and
C.
(
63
FR
50393)

Not
based
on
a
percent
reduction
in
BOD.
Table
II­
6.
Applicability
of
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
and
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Affected
Industry
APPLICABLE
CAA
REGULATIONS
APPLICABLE
CWA
REGULATIONS
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
Wastewater­
Specific
NESHAP/
MACT
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
41
2834
325412
Pharmaceutical
s
Production
See
SIC
2833
for
Pharmaceuticals
Production
Description
2851
325510
Paint
Formulating
No
Must
comply
with
40
CFR
part
403.
(
66
FR
10066)

Prohibits
any
pollutant,
including
oxygen
demanding
pollutants
released
in
a
discharge
at
a
flow
rate
and/
or
pollutant
concentration
which
will
cause
interference
with
the
POTW.
(
40
CFR
446.16)

2865
325110
Benzene
Waste
Operations
Applies
to
wastes
with
10
megagrams
benzene
per
year
and
10
ppmw
benzene
and
a
flow
rate
of
0.02
L/
min
(
40
CFR
61.348(
c)(
3))

Treat
to
a
level
less
than
10
ppmw
on
a
flow­
weighted
annual
average,
or
remove
benzene
by
99%
or
more
on
a
mass
basis,
or
destroy
benzene
by
incineration
in
a
combustion
unit
with
a
destruction
efficiency
of

99%.
(
40
CFR
61.348(
a)(
1))
Yes
Table
II­
6.
Applicability
of
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
and
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Affected
Industry
APPLICABLE
CAA
REGULATIONS
APPLICABLE
CWA
REGULATIONS
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
Wastewater­
Specific
NESHAP/
MACT
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
42
2865
325110
SOCMI
Emissions
must
be
controlled
if
the
annual
average
concentration
of
Table
9
compounds
is
1,000
ppmw
and
the
annual
average
flow
rate
is

10
Lpm
or
the
total
annual
average
concentration
of
Table
9
compounds
is

10,000
ppmw
at
any
flow
rate;
or
if
the
average
flow
rate
is

0.02
Lpm
and
the
average
concentration
of
any
Table
8
compound
is

10
ppmw.
(
59
FR
19407)
Yes
­
regulates
wastewater
streams
that
exit
process
unit
equipment.

Wastewater
­
5
ppmw
total
organic
HAP
with
a
flow
rate
of

0.02
L/
min
or
10,000
ppmw
organic
HAP
at
any
flow
rate.
(
59
FR
19403)

2869
325199
Cellulose
Products
Manufacturing
(
proposed)
See
SIC
2821
for
Cellulose
Products
Manufacturing
Description
Misc.
Organic
Chemical
Production
(
MON)
See
SIC
2821
for
MON
Description
SOCMI
See
SIC
2865
for
SOCMI
Description
Table
II­
6.
Applicability
of
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
and
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Affected
Industry
APPLICABLE
CAA
REGULATIONS
APPLICABLE
CWA
REGULATIONS
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
Wastewater­
Specific
NESHAP/
MACT
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
43
2879
325320
Pesticide
Chemicals
Category
No
Indirect
dischargers
have
the
choice
of
meeting
the
zero
discharge
pretreatment
standard
or
implementing
the
P2
practices.
(
61
FR
57527)

On­
site
incineration
of
wastewater
is
acceptable
to
meet
the
zero
discharge
requirement.
Wet
scrubbers
for
the
incinerators
are
not
subject
to
this
effluent
guideline,
however,
scrubber
waters
from
manufacturing
incinerators
are
subject
to
the
pesticide
manufacturing
effluent
guideline.
(
61
FR
57527)

2891
325520
Misc.
Organic
Chemical
Production
(
MON)
See
SIC
2821
for
MON
Description
2892
325920
Misc.
Organic
Chemical
Production
(
MON)
See
SIC
2821
for
MON
Description
2899
325998
Ink
Formulating
No
Must
comply
with
40
CFR
part
403.

(
40
CFR
447.16)

Prohibits
any
pollutant,
including
oxygen
demanding
pollutants
released
in
a
discharge
at
a
flow
rate
and/
or
pollutant
concentration
which
will
cause
interference
with
the
POTW.

(
40
CFR
447.16)
Table
II­
6.
Applicability
of
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
and
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Affected
Industry
APPLICABLE
CAA
REGULATIONS
APPLICABLE
CWA
REGULATIONS
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
Wastewater­
Specific
NESHAP/
MACT
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
44
Off­
site
Waste
and
Recovery
Operations
­

Centralized
Waste
Treatment
HAP
removal
efficiency
of

99%
if
the
VOHAP
concentration
is

10,000
ppmw
in
open
tanks
or
surface
impoundments;
95%
when
the
VOHAP
concentration
is
<
10,000
ppmw.
Biological
degradation

95%

efficiency.
Yes
Direct
dischargers
will
have
to
employ
best
practicable
technology
currently
available
(
BPT)
for
17
pollutants
in
the
organics
subcategory
based
on
equalization
and
biological
treatment
in
the
form
of
a
batch
reactor.
(
65
FR
81269)
BPT
organic
parameters
include
acetone,
cresol
and
pyridine.
Existing
and
new
sources
must
meet
pretreatment
limits
for
cresols.
(
65
FR
81350)

2911
324110
Benzene
Waste
Operations
See
SIC
2865
for
Benzene
Waste
Operations
Description
Petroleum
Refineries
Existing
process
vents
with
VOC
emissions

33
kg/
day
(
new
sources
6.8
kg/
day)
­
98%
reduction.
(
60
FR
43247)
Wastewaters
10
megagrams
benzene
per
year
and
10
ppmw
benzene
and
a
flow
rate
of
0.02
L/
min.
Must
achieve
99%
reduction.
(
60
FR
43247­
43248)
Yes
­
water
or
wastewater
which,
during
production
or
processing,
comes
into
direct
contact
with
or
results
from
the
production
or
use
of
any
raw
material,

intermediate
product,
finished
product,

byproduct,
or
waste
product
and
is
discharged
into
any
individual
drain
system.
(
60
FR
43266)
No
solvent
standards.

2992
324191
Off­
site
Waste
and
Recovery
Operations
­

Centralized
Waste
Treatment
See
SIC
2899
for
Off­
site
Waste
Recovery
Operations
­
Centralized
Waste
Treatment
Description
3089
326199
Cellulose
Products
Manufacturing
(
proposed)
See
SIC
2821
for
Cellulose
Products
Manufacturing
Table
II­
6.
Applicability
of
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
and
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Affected
Industry
APPLICABLE
CAA
REGULATIONS
APPLICABLE
CWA
REGULATIONS
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
Wastewater­
Specific
NESHAP/
MACT
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
45
3111
3161
Leather
Finishing
Operations
Water­
resistant
leather
(

5,000
Maeser
flexes)­
Allowable
HAP
loss
=

5.6
lb/
1,000
ft2.
(
67
FR
9170)
Yes
No
solvent
standards.

3861
325992
Misc.
Organic
Chemical
Production
(
MON)
See
SIC
2821
for
MON
Description
4581
488190
Paint
Stripping
Pending
­
EPA
Web
Site
(
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
ttn/
atw)
Unknown
4952
22132
POTWs
New
or
reconstructed
industrial
POTWs
must
meet
the
most
stringent
standard:
1)
industrial
dischargers
MACT;
2)
use
covers
and
control
devices
on
the
POTW
treatment
units
up
to,
but
not
including,
the
secondary
treatment
units.
As
an
alternative
to
#
2,
facilities
can
demonstrate
that
the
fraction
emitted
does
not
exceed
0.014.
Yes
4953
562211
Benzene
Waste
Operations
See
SIC
2865
for
Benzene
Waste
Operations
Description
Commercial
Hazardous
Waste
Combustors
Regulates
discharge
of
metals,
solids
and
pH.

(
40
CFR
444.12)

Off­
site
Waste
and
Recovery
Operations
­

Centralized
Waste
Treatment
See
SIC
2899
for
Off­
site
Waste
and
Recovery
Operations
­
Centralized
Waste
Treatment
Description
Table
II­
6.
Applicability
of
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
and
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
to
Industries
Affected
by
the
Headworks
Rule
SIC
Code(
s)
NAICS
Code(
s)
Affected
Industry
APPLICABLE
CAA
REGULATIONS
APPLICABLE
CWA
REGULATIONS
NESHAP/
MACT
Rules
Wastewater­
Specific
NESHAP/
MACT
Effluent
Limitations
Guidelines
46
7389
562213
Off­
site
Waste
and
Recovery
Operations
­

Centralized
Waste
Treatment
See
SIC
2899
for
Off­
site
Waste
and
Recovery
Operations
­
Centralized
Waste
Treatment
Description
7532
(
Could
include
many
more
SIC
codes)
811121
Paint
Stripping
See
SIC
4581
for
Paint
Stripping
Description
47
Reference
Documents
1.
U.
S.
EPA
Office
of
Solid
Waste
and
Emergency
Response,
Industrial
Surface
Impoundments
in
the
United
States,
EPA530­
R­
01­
005,
March
2001,
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
epaoswer/
hazwaste/
ldr/
icr/
ldr­
impd.
htm.

2.
U.
S.
EPA,
National
Risk
Management
Research
Laboratory
Treatability
Database.

3.
American
Chemistry
Council,
Letter
to
EPA
Outlining
the
Distinctions
Between
Headworks
Location,
CAA
Point
of
Determination
and
RCRA
Point
of
Generation,
May
30,
2002.

4.
American
Chemistry
Council,
Letter
to
EPA
Regarding
Location
of
"
Headworks,"
March
5,
2002.

5.
Land
Disposal
Program
Flexibility
Act
of
1996
(
LDPFA),
PL104­
119.
48
APPENDIX
A
Appendix
A
Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
49
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
1079
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
0
mg/
L
1079
Wastewater
1
Null!
within
impoundment
0
mg/
L
1079
Wastewater
1
Null!
effluent
0
mg/
L
1361
Leachate
1
Null!
from
impoundment
Yes
1361
Sludge
1
Null!
within
impoundment
Yes
1361
Sludge
1
Null!
influent
Yes
1361
Sludge
1
Null!
effluent
Yes
1361
Wastewater
1
Null!
within
impoundment
Yes
1361
Wastewater
1
Null!
influent
Yes
1474
Sludge
1
3/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.007
mg/
kg
1474
Sludge
1
9/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.007
mg/
kg
1474
Wastewater
1
3/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
1474
Wastewater
1
9/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
1474
Sludge
2
3/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.007
mg/
kg
1474
Sludge
2
9/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.007
mg/
kg
1474
Wastewater
2
3/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
1474
Wastewater
2
9/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
1474
Sludge
4
3/
94a
within
impoundment
<
0.07
mg/
kg
1474
Sludge
4
3/
94b
within
impoundment
<
0.1
mg/
kg
1474
Sludge
4
3/
94c
within
impoundment
<
0.0285
mg/
kg
1474
Sludge
4
9/
94a
within
impoundment
<
1.3
mg/
kg
1474
Sludge
4
9/
94b
within
impoundment
<
0.054
mg/
kg
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
50
1474
Sludge
4
9/
94c
within
impoundment
<
0.13
mg/
kg
1474
Wastewater
4
3/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
1474
Wastewater
4
3/
94
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
1474
Wastewater
4
9/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
1491
Air
2
Null!
above
impoundment
Yes
1491
Wastewater
2
Null!
within
impoundment
Yes
1491
Wastewater
2
Null!
influent
Yes
1754
Wastewater
1
2/
25/
00
within
impoundment
<
0.00095
mg/
L
1754
Sludge
2
12/
04/
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
kg
1754
Sludge
2
9/
15/
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
kg
2038
Air
1
Null!
above
impoundment
2038
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
0.32
mg/
L
2038
Air
2
Null!
above
impoundment
2038
Wastewater
2
Averaged
influent
0.32
mg/
L
2058
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
<
0.01
mg/
L
2418
Air
1
Null!
above
impoundment
2418
Sludge
1
Null!
within
impoundment
2418
Wastewater
1
12/
16/
99
effluent
<
0.001
mg/
L
2418
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
<
0.001
mg/
L
2418
Wastewater
1
Null!
within
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
2418
Air
2
Null!
above
impoundment
2418
Sludge
2
Null!
within
impoundment
2418
Wastewater
2
12/
16/
99
effluent
<
0.001
mg/
L
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
51
2418
Wastewater
2
Averaged
influent
<
0.001
mg/
L
2418
Wastewater
2
Null!
within
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
2645
Sludge
1
12/
23/
99
within
impoundment
<
2
mg/
kg
2645
Sludge
1
12/
23/
99
influent
<
0.002
mg/
kg
2645
Sludge
1
12/
23/
99
effluent
<
0.002
mg/
kg
2645
Wastewater
1
12/
23/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.002
mg/
L
2645
Wastewater
1
12/
23/
99
effluent
<
0.002
mg/
L
2645
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
<
0.002
mg/
L
2645
Sludge
2
12/
23/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.002
mg/
kg
Yes
2645
Sludge
2
12/
23/
99
influent
<
0.002
mg/
kg
Yes
2645
Sludge
2
12/
23/
99
effluent
<
0.002
mg/
kg
Yes
2645
Wastewater
2
12/
23/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.002
mg/
L
Yes
2645
Wastewater
2
12/
23/
99
effluent
<
0.002
mg/
L
Yes
2645
Wastewater
2
Averaged
influent
<
0.002
mg/
L
Yes
2645
Sludge
4
12/
23/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.002
mg/
kg
2645
Sludge
4
12/
23/
99
influent
<
0.002
mg/
kg
2645
Sludge
4
12/
23/
99
effluent
<
0.002
mg/
kg
2645
Wastewater
4
12/
23/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.002
mg/
L
2645
Wastewater
4
12/
23/
99
effluent
<
0.002
mg/
L
2645
Wastewater
4
Averaged
influent
<
0.002
mg/
L
2710
Sludge
1
4/
29/
98
within
impoundment
5400
mg/
kg
2710
Sludge
1
Null!
influent
Yes
2710
Wastewater
1
Monthly
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
52
2710
Wastewater
1
Null!
within
impoundment
Yes
2710
Wastewater
1
Null!
influent
Yes
2710
Sludge
3
Null!
within
impoundment
Yes
2710
Sludge
3
Null!
influent
Yes
2710
Wastewater
3
Null!
within
impoundment
Yes
2710
Wastewater
3
Null!
influent
Yes
2710
Wastewater
3
Null!
effluent
Yes
2748
Wastewater
7
1999
effluent
<
0.0005
mg/
L
2748
Wastewater
8
1999
effluent
<
0.0005
mg/
L
2748
Wastewater
9
1999
effluent
<
0.0005
mg/
L
2748
Wastewater
10
1999
effluent
<
0.0005
mg/
L
2748
Wastewater
11
1999
effluent
<
0.0005
mg/
L
2748
Wastewater
12
1999
effluent
<
0.0005
mg/
L
2837
Wastewater
1
6/
97
effluent
<
0.0005
mg/
L
2837
Wastewater
2
6/
97
effluent
<
0.0005
mg/
L
2837
Sludge
3
6/
98
within
impoundment
0.25
mg/
kg
2837
Wastewater
3
6/
97
effluent
<
0.0005
mg/
L
2837
Wastewater
3
6/
98
within
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
2837
Wastewater
3
Averaged
influent
0.014
mg/
L
2837
Wastewater
4
6/
97
effluent
<
0.0005
mg/
L
2837
Sludge
5
1997­
1999
within
impoundment
37
mg/
kg
Yes
2837
Wastewater
5
Averaged
influent
0.09
mg/
L
Yes
2837
Wastewater
5
Pre
4/
91
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
53
2837
Wastewater
5
Pre
4/
91
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
2837
Wastewater
6
1997­
1999
within
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
2837
Wastewater
6
1997­
1999
effluent
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
2837
Wastewater
6
Averaged
influent
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
2837
Wastewater
7
1997­
1999
within
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
2837
Wastewater
7
1997­
1999
effluent
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
2837
Wastewater
7
Averaged
influent
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
3258
Air
1
01/
05/
2000a
above
impoundment
ND
3258
Air
1
01/
05/
2000b
above
impoundment
ND
3258
Sludge
1
01/
05/
2000
within
impoundment
<
6.2
mg/
kg
3258
Wastewater
1
01/
05/
2000
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3258
Wastewater
1
01/
05/
2000
effluent
<
6.2
mg/
L
3258
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
<
0.25
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
2
10/
20/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
2
10/
20/
99
influent
<
0.05
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
2
10/
20/
99
effluent
<
0.05
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
2
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
2
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
2
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
2
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
54
3292
Wastewater
2
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
2
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
2
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
3
04/
08/
96
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
3
04/
08/
96
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
3
10/
20/
99
influent
<
0.05
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
3
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
3
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
3
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
3
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
3
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
3
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
3
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
4
04/
08/
96
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
4
04/
08/
96
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
4
10/
20/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
4
10/
20/
99
influent
<
0.05
mg/
L
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
55
3292
Wastewater
4
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
4
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
4
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
4
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
4
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
4
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
4
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
5
04/
08/
96
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
5
04/
08/
96
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
5
10/
20/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
5
10/
20/
99
influent
<
0.05
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
5
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
5
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
5
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
5
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
56
3292
Wastewater
5
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
5
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
5
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
6
10/
20/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
6
10/
20/
99
influent
<
0.05
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
6
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
6
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
6
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
6
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
6
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
6
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
6
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
7
04/
08/
96
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
7
04/
08/
96
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
7
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
57
3292
Wastewater
7
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
7
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
7
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
7
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
7
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
7
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
8
10/
20/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
8
10/
20/
99
influent
<
0.05
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
8
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
8
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
8
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
8
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
8
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
8
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
58
3292
Wastewater
8
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
9
10/
20/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
9
10/
20/
99
influent
<
0.05
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
9
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
9
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
9
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
9
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
9
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
9
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
9
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
10
10/
20/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
10
10/
20/
99
influent
<
0.05
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
10
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
10
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
10
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
59
3292
Wastewater
10
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
10
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
10
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
10
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
11
04/
08/
96
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
TCLP
Sludge
11
04/
08/
96
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
11
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
11
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
11
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
11
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
11
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
11
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
11
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3328
Sludge
1
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
0.1
mg/
kg
Yes
3328
Wastewater
1
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
0.009
mg/
L
Yes
3328
Wastewater
1
12/
28/
99
effluent
0.009
mg/
L
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
60
3328
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Sludge
2
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
0.1
mg/
kg
Yes
3328
Wastewater
2
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
0.009
mg/
L
Yes
3328
Wastewater
2
12/
28/
99
effluent
0.009
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
2
Averaged
influent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Sludge
3
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
0.1
mg/
kg
3328
Wastewater
3
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
0.009
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
3
12/
28/
99
effluent
0.009
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
3
Averaged
influent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Sludge
4
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
kg
3328
Wastewater
4
10/
29/
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
4
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
4
12/
28/
99
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
4
Averaged
influent
0.009
mg/
L
3328
Sludge
5
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
kg
3328
Wastewater
5
10/
29/
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
5
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
5
12/
28/
99
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
5
Averaged
influent
0.009
mg/
L
3368
Air
1
past
3
yrs
above
impoundment
ND
Yes
3368
Sludge
1
past
3
yrs
within
impoundment
ND
Yes
3368
Sludge
1
past
3
yrs
influent
ND
Yes
3368
Sludge
1
past
3
yrs
effluent
ND
Yes
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
61
3368
Wastewater
1
last
3
yrs
within
impoundment
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
1
past
3
yrs
influent
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
1
past
3
yrs
effluent
ND
Yes
3368
Air
2
past
3
yrs
above
impoundment
ND
Yes
3368
Sludge
2
past
3
yrs
within
impoundment
ND
Yes
3368
Sludge
2
past
3
yrs
influent
ND
Yes
3368
Sludge
2
past
3
yrs
effluent
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
2
last
3
yrs
within
impoundment
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
2
past
3
yrs
influent
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
2
past
3
yrs
effluent
ND
Yes
3368
Sludge
3
past
3
yrs
influent
ND
Yes
3368
Sludge
3
past
3
yrs
effluent
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
3
last
3
yrs
within
impoundment
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
3
past
3
yrs
influent
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
3
past
3
yrs
effluent
ND
Yes
3368
Air
4
past
3
yrs
above
impoundment
ND
Yes
3368
Sludge
4
past
3
yrs
influent
ND
Yes
3368
Sludge
4
past
3
yrs
effluent
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
4
last
3
yrs
within
impoundment
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
4
past
3
yrs
influent
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
4
past
3
yrs
effluent
ND
Yes
3368
Air
5
past
3
yrs
above
impoundment
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
5
last
3
yrs
within
impoundment
ND
Yes
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
62
3368
Wastewater
5
past
3
yrs
influent
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
5
past
3
yrs
effluent
ND
Yes
3368
Air
6
past
3
yrs
above
impoundment
ND
Yes
3368
Sludge
6
past
3
yrs
within
impoundment
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
6
last
3
yrs
within
impoundment
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
6
past
3
yrs
influent
ND
Yes
3368
Wastewater
6
past
3
yrs
effluent
ND
Yes
3792
Sludge
1
12/
9/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.1
mg/
kg
3792
Sludge
1
NA
influent
<
0.1
mg/
kg
Yes
3792
Wastewater
1
12/
9/
99
effluent
<
0.001
mg/
L
3792
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
<
0.001
mg/
L
3792
Wastewater
1
NA
within
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
3792
Wastewater
2
12/
9/
99
effluent
<
0.001
mg/
L
3792
Wastewater
2
Averaged
influent
<
0.001
mg/
L
3792
Wastewater
2
NA
within
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
3792
Wastewater
3
Averaged
influent
<
0.001
mg/
L
3792
Wastewater
3
DK
effluent
<
0.002
mg/
L
3792
Wastewater
3
NA
within
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Air
3
Null!
above
impoundment
4071
Leachate
3
1997­
99
from
impoundment
<
0.002
mg/
L
4071
Sludge
3
9/
8/
99A
within
impoundment
<
2
mg/
kg
Yes
4071
Sludge
3
Null!
influent
Yes
4071
TCLP
Sludge
3
9/
8/
99B
within
impoundment
<
0.1
mg/
L
Yes
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
63
4071
Wastewater
3
Averaged
influent
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Wastewater
3
Null!
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Wastewater
3
Null!
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Air
4
Null!
above
impoundment
4071
Leachate
4
1997­
99
from
impoundment
<
0.002
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Sludge
4
9/
8/
99A
within
impoundment
<
2
mg/
kg
Yes
4071
Sludge
4
Null!
influent
Yes
4071
TCLP
Sludge
4
9/
8/
99B
within
impoundment
<
0.1
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Wastewater
4
Averaged
influent
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Wastewater
4
Null!
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Wastewater
4
Null!
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Air
5
Null!
above
impoundment
4071
Leachate
5
1997­
99
from
impoundment
<
0.002
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Sludge
5
Null!
influent
Yes
4071
Wastewater
5
4­
5/
1997
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
4071
Wastewater
5
Averaged
influent
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Wastewater
5
Null!
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Air
6
1998
above
impoundment
4071
Leachate
6
5/
19­
21/
99
from
impoundment
<
0.002
mg/
L
4071
Sludge
6
9/
8/
99A
within
impoundment
<
2
mg/
kg
4071
Sludge
6
9/
8/
99A
effluent
<
2
mg/
kg
Yes
4071
Sludge
6
Null!
influent
Yes
4071
TCLP
Sludge
6
9/
8/
99B
within
impoundment
<
0.1
mg/
L
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
64
4071
TCLP
Sludge
6
9/
8/
99B
effluent
<
0.1
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Wastewater
6
12/
6/
99­
12/
8/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.01
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Wastewater
6
12/
6/
99­
12/
8/
99
effluent
<
0.01
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Wastewater
6
Averaged
influent
<
0.01
mg/
L
4071
Air
7
Null!
above
impoundment
4071
Leachate
7
1997­
99
from
impoundment
<
0.002
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Sludge
7
Null!
within
impoundment
Yes
4071
Sludge
7
Null!
influent
Yes
4071
Wastewater
7
1997­
1999
within
impoundment
0.1
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Wastewater
7
1997­
1999
effluent
0.1
mg/
L
Yes
4071
Wastewater
7
Averaged
influent
0.1
mg/
L
Yes
4276
Wastewater
1
1995
effluent
<
0.001
mg/
L
4276
Wastewater
1
1997­
1998
effluent
<
0.0005
mg/
L
Yes
4580
Air
2
1/
7/
00
above
impoundment
4580
Sludge
2
1/
7/
00
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
kg
Measured
4580
Wastewater
2
1/
7/
00
within
impoundment
<
0.01
mg/
L
Measured
4580
Wastewater
2
1/
7/
00
effluent
<
0.0938
mg/
L
Yes
4580
Wastewater
2
Averaged
influent
<
0.0938
mg/
L
Yes
4580
Air
3
12/
22/
99
above
impoundment
4580
Sludge
3
12/
22/
99
within
impoundment
<
1
mg/
kg
Measured
4580
Wastewater
3
12/
22/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.01
mg/
L
Measured
4580
Wastewater
3
12/
22/
99
effluent
<
0.0938
mg/
L
Yes
4580
Wastewater
3
Averaged
influent
<
0.0938
mg/
L
Yes
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
65
4580
Air
4
12/
22/
99
above
impoundment
4580
Sludge
4
12/
22/
99
within
impoundment
<
1
mg/
kg
Measured
4580
Wastewater
4
12/
22/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.01
mg/
L
Measured
4580
Wastewater
4
12/
22/
99
effluent
<
0.0938
mg/
L
Yes
4580
Wastewater
4
Averaged
influent
<
0.0938
mg/
L
Yes
4580
Sludge
5
12/
22/
99
within
impoundment
<
1
mg/
kg
Yes
4580
Wastewater
5
12/
22/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.01
mg/
L
Yes
4580
Sludge
6
12/
22/
99
within
impoundment
<
1
mg/
kg
Measured
4580
Wastewater
6
12/
22/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.01
mg/
L
Measured
4606
Sludge
1
1
in
1996
within
impoundment
<
0.04583
mg/
kg
4606
Sludge
1
1
in
1996
effluent
<
0.04583
mg/
kg
4718
Wastewater
4
Averaged
influent
<
0.005
mg/
L
4718
Wastewater
5
4/
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
4972
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
1.1
mg/
L
5398
TCLP
Sludge
2
11/
28/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
5405
Sludge
2
9­
25­
90
within
impoundment
ND
5405
Sludge
2
9­
25­
90
effluent
ND
5697
Sludge
1
12/
92
within
impoundment
1.5
mg/
kg
Measured
5697
Sludge
1
3/
97
within
impoundment
75
mg/
kg
Measured
5697
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
0.00579
mg/
L
Yes
5697
Sludge
2
12/
92
within
impoundment
1.5
mg/
kg
Measured
5697
Sludge
2
3/
97
within
impoundment
75
mg/
kg
Measured
5697
Wastewater
2
Averaged
influent
0.00579
mg/
L
Yes
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
66
5708
Wastewater
1
Null!
influent
Yes
6055
Wastewater
1
10/
89­
1/
92
effluent
0.011
mg/
L
6055
Wastewater
1
1987
within
impoundment
0.013
mg/
L
6055
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
0.02142
mg/
L
6519
Leachate
1
5/
27/
98
from
impoundment
0
mg/
L
6519
Wastewater
3
Averaged
influent
<
0.001
mg/
L
6623
Wastewater
1
1997­
1999
within
impoundment
0.0157
mg/
L
Yes
6623
Wastewater
1
1997­
1999
effluent
0.0105
mg/
L
6623
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
0.0208
mg/
L
Yes
6623
Wastewater
2
1997­
1999
within
impoundment
0.0105
mg/
L
Yes
6623
Wastewater
2
1997­
1999
effluent
0.00532
mg/
L
Yes
6623
Wastewater
2
Averaged
influent
0.01566
mg/
L
Yes
6623
Wastewater
3
1997­
1999
within
impoundment
0.0053
mg/
L
Yes
6623
Wastewater
3
1997­
1999
effluent
0.00015
mg/
L
Yes
6623
Wastewater
3
Averaged
influent
0.0105
mg/
L
Yes
6728
TCLP
Sludge
1
½
0/
00
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
L
6728
TCLP
Sludge
1
½
0/
00
influent
<
0.05
mg/
L
6728
TCLP
Sludge
2
½
0/
00
effluent
<
0.05
mg/
L
6728
TCLP
Sludge
3
½
0/
00
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
L
6728
TCLP
Sludge
3
½
0/
00
influent
<
0.05
mg/
L
6728
TCLP
Wastewater
3
½
0/
00
within
impoundment
<
0.125
mg/
L
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
67
6728
TCLP
Wastewater
3
½
0/
00
effluent
<
0.125
mg/
L
6728
TCLP
Wastewater
3
Averaged
influent
<
0.125
mg/
L
6728
TCLP
Sludge
4
½
0/
00
influent
<
0.05
mg/
L
6728
TCLP
Wastewater
4
½
0/
00
within
impoundment
<
0.125
mg/
L
6728
TCLP
Wastewater
4
½
0/
00
effluent
<
0.125
mg/
L
6728
TCLP
Wastewater
4
Averaged
influent
<
0.125
mg/
L
6728
TCLP
Sludge
5
½
0/
00
influent
<
0.05
mg/
L
6728
TCLP
Wastewater
6
½
0/
00
within
impoundment
<
0.125
mg/
L
6728
TCLP
Wastewater
6
Averaged
influent
<
0.125
mg/
L
7483
TCLP
Sludge
1
9/
9/
93a
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
L
7483
TCLP
Sludge
1
9/
9/
93b
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
L
7483
TCLP
Sludge
1
9/
9/
93c
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
L
7483
TCLP
Sludge
1
9/
9/
93d
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
L
7483
TCLP
Sludge
1
9/
9/
93e
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
L
7483
TCLP
Sludge
1
9/
9/
93f
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
L
7782
Air
4
01/
99
above
impoundment
7782
Air
5
01/
99
above
impoundment
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
68
7782
Air
6
01/
99
above
impoundment
7782
Air
7
01/
99
above
impoundment
7782
Air
8
01/
99
above
impoundment
7782
Air
9
01/
99
above
impoundment
7845
Leachate
1
Not
Applicable
from
impoundment
Yes
7845
Sludge
1
Not
Applicable
within
impoundment
Yes
0.009
mg/
kg
Yes
7845
Wastewater
1
Not
Applicable
within
impoundment
Yes
7845
Wastewater
1
Not
Applicable
influent
Yes
7845
Wastewater
1
Not
Applicable
effluent
Yes
7845
Leachate
2
Not
Applicable
from
impoundment
Yes
7845
Sludge
2
Not
Applicable
within
impoundment
Yes
0.009
mg/
kg
Yes
7845
Wastewater
2
Not
Applicable
within
impoundment
Yes
7845
Wastewater
2
Not
Applicable
influent
Yes
7845
Wastewater
2
Not
Applicable
effluent
Yes
7845
Leachate
3
Not
Applicable
from
impoundment
Yes
7845
Sludge
3
Not
Applicable
within
impoundment
Yes
0.009
mg/
kg
Yes
7845
Wastewater
3
Not
Applicable
within
impoundment
Yes
7845
Wastewater
3
Not
Applicable
influent
Yes
7848
TCLP
Sludge
2
5/
22/
97e
within
impoundment
0.32
mg/
L
7848
TCLP
Sludge
2
5/
22/
97f
within
impoundment
0.82
mg/
L
7848
TCLP
Sludge
2
5/
22/
97g
within
impoundment
<
0.1
mg/
L
7848
TCLP
Sludge
2
5/
22/
97h
within
impoundment
<
0.1
mg/
L
8095
Sludge
1
11/
10/
99A
within
impoundment
0.28
mg/
kg
Measured
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
69
8095
Sludge
1
11/
10/
99A
influent
0.28
mg/
kg
Yes
8095
Sludge
1
11/
10/
99A
effluent
0.28
mg/
kg
Yes
8095
Sludge
1
11/
10/
99B
within
impoundment
0.16
mg/
kg
Measured
8095
Sludge
1
11/
10/
99B
influent
0.16
mg/
kg
Yes
8095
Sludge
1
11/
10/
99B
effluent
0.16
mg/
kg
Yes
8095
Sludge
2
11/
09/
99A
within
impoundment
0.06
mg/
kg
Measured
8095
Sludge
2
11/
09/
99B
within
impoundment
0.036
mg/
kg
Measured
8095
Sludge
2
11/
10/
99
within
impoundment
0.081
mg/
kg
Measured
8095
Sludge
2
11/
10/
99A
influent
0.28
mg/
kg
Yes
8095
Sludge
2
11/
10/
99B
influent
0.16
mg/
kg
Yes
8095
Sludge
3
11/
10/
99A
within
impoundment
0.28
mg/
kg
Yes
8095
Sludge
3
11/
10/
99A
influent
0.28
mg/
kg
Yes
8095
Sludge
3
11/
10/
99A
effluent
0.28
mg/
kg
Yes
8095
Sludge
3
11/
10/
99B
within
impoundment
0.16
mg/
kg
Yes
8095
Sludge
3
11/
10/
99B
influent
0.16
mg/
kg
Yes
8095
Sludge
3
11/
10/
99B
effluent
0.16
mg/
kg
Yes
8657
Sludge
1
3/
12/
97A
within
impoundment
0.0597
mg/
kg
8657
TCLP
Sludge
1
3/
12/
97B
within
impoundment
0.011
mg/
L
8657
Sludge
2
A
within
impoundment
0.0597
mg/
kg
Yes
8657
TCLP
Sludge
2
B
within
impoundment
0.011
mg/
L
Yes
8742
Air
1
Null!
above
impoundment
Yes
8742
Sludge
1
08/
04/
99
within
impoundment
0.24
mg/
kg
8742
Sludge
1
08/
04/
99
effluent
0.24
mg/
kg
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
70
8742
Sludge
1
Null!
influent
Yes
8742
TCLP
Leachate
1
03/
03/
94
from
impoundment
0.053
mg/
L
8742
Wastewater
1
1997­
2000
within
impoundment
<
0.0526
mg/
L
Yes
8742
Wastewater
1
1997­
2000
effluent
0.00034
mg/
L
8742
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
0.0526
mg/
L
8761
Wastewater
1
6/
24/
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
8761
Wastewater
1
6/
24/
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
8761
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
8761
Sludge
2
12/
27/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
kg
8761
Wastewater
2
12/
27/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
8761
Wastewater
2
12/
27/
99
effluent
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
8761
Wastewater
2
Averaged
influent
<
0.001
mg/
L
8761
Sludge
3
12/
27/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.05
mg/
kg
8761
Wastewater
3
12/
27/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
8761
Wastewater
3
6/
24/
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
8761
Wastewater
3
6/
24/
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
9182
Sludge
1
06/
05/
90
within
impoundment
0.03
mg/
kg
Yes
9182
Wastewater
2
12/
9/
93
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
9182
Wastewater
2
12/
9/
93
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
9487
Wastewater
1
4/
6/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
9487
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
0.8
mg/
L
9793
Wastewater
1
Null!
within
impoundment
Yes
Appendix
A
(
Continued)

Reported
Benzene
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
DK
=
Not
defined
in
the
data
dictionary
or
the
coding
tables
ND
=
Not
detected
71
9793
Wastewater
1
Null!
influent
Yes
9793
Wastewater
1
Null!
effluent
Yes
9793
Wastewater
2
Null!
within
impoundment
Yes
9793
Wastewater
2
Null!
influent
Yes
9793
Wastewater
2
Null!
effluent
Yes
9793
Wastewater
3
Null!
within
impoundment
Yes
9793
Wastewater
3
Null!
influent
Yes
9793
Wastewater
3
Null!
effluent
Yes
72
APPENDIX
B
Appendix
B
Reported
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
73
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
1474
Sludge
1
3/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.007
mg/
kg
1474
Sludge
1
9/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.007
mg/
kg
1474
Wastewater
1
3/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
1474
Wastewater
1
9/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
1474
Sludge
2
3/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.007
mg/
kg
1474
Sludge
2
9/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.007
mg/
kg
1474
Wastewater
2
3/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
1474
Wastewater
2
9/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
1474
Leachate
3
1/
17/
96
from
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
1474
Sludge
4
3/
94a
within
impoundment
<
0.07
mg/
kg
1474
Sludge
4
3/
94b
within
impoundment
<
0.1
mg/
kg
1474
Sludge
4
3/
94c
within
impoundment
<
0.0285
mg/
kg
1474
Sludge
4
9/
94a
within
impoundment
<
1.3
mg/
kg
1474
Sludge
4
9/
94b
within
impoundment
<
0.054
mg/
kg
1474
Sludge
4
9/
94c
within
impoundment
<
0.13
mg/
kg
1474
Wastewater
4
3/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
1474
Wastewater
4
3/
94
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
1474
Wastewater
4
9/
94
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
1754
Sludge
2
12/
04/
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
kg
1754
Sludge
2
9/
15/
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
kg
2058
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
<
0.01
mg/
L
2418
Air
1
Null!
above
impoundment
2418
Sludge
1
Null!
within
impoundment
2418
Wastewater
1
12/
16/
99
effluent
<
0.001
mg/
L
Appendix
B
(
Continued)

Reported
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
74
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
2418
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
<
0.001
mg/
L
2418
Wastewater
1
Null!
within
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
2418
Air
2
Null!
above
impoundment
2418
Sludge
2
Null!
within
impoundment
2418
Wastewater
2
12/
16/
99
effluent
<
0.001
mg/
L
2418
Wastewater
2
Averaged
influent
<
0.001
mg/
L
2418
Wastewater
2
Null!
within
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
2837
Sludge
3
6/
98
within
impoundment
<
0.01
mg/
kg
2837
Wastewater
3
6/
98
within
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
2837
Wastewater
3
Averaged
influent
<
0.001
mg/
L
2837
Wastewater
6
1997­
1999
within
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
2837
Wastewater
6
Averaged
influent
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
2837
Wastewater
7
1997­
1999
within
impoundment
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
2837
Wastewater
7
Averaged
influent
<
0.001
mg/
L
Yes
3292
Wastewater
2
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
2
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
2
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
2
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
2
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
2
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
2
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
3
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
3
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
3
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
Appendix
B
(
Continued)

Reported
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
75
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
3292
Wastewater
3
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
3
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
3
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
3
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
4
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
4
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
4
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
4
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
4
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
4
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
4
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
5
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
5
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
5
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
5
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
5
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
5
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
5
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
6
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
6
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
6
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
6
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
6
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
6
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
Appendix
B
(
Continued)

Reported
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
76
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
3292
Wastewater
6
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
7
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
7
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
7
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
7
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
7
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
7
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
7
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
8
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
8
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
8
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
8
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
8
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
8
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
8
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
9
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
9
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
9
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
9
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
9
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
9
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
9
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
10
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
10
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
Appendix
B
(
Continued)

Reported
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
77
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
3292
Wastewater
10
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
10
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
10
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
10
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
10
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
11
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
11
3­
11­
97
to
3­
12­
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
11
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
11
3­
16­
98
to
3­
17­
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
11
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
within
impoundment
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
11
9­
9­
97
to
9­
10­
97
effluent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3292
Wastewater
11
Averaged
influent
<
0.025
mg/
L
3328
Sludge
1
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.1
mg/
kg
Yes
3328
Wastewater
1
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
3328
Wastewater
1
12/
28/
99
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Sludge
2
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.1
mg/
kg
Yes
3328
Wastewater
2
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
3328
Wastewater
2
12/
28/
99
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
2
Averaged
influent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Sludge
3
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.1
mg/
kg
3328
Wastewater
3
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
3
12/
28/
99
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
3
Averaged
influent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Sludge
4
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
kg
3328
Wastewater
4
10/
29/
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
Appendix
B
(
Continued)

Reported
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
Concentration
in
the
SI
Data
Base
Facility
ID
Media
Impoundment
ID
Sample
Period
Point
Description
Present
Quantity
Unknown
Concentration
Units
Estimate
78
Null!
=
Omitted,
multiple,
or
other
3328
Wastewater
4
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
4
12/
28/
99
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
4
Averaged
influent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Sludge
5
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
kg
3328
Wastewater
5
10/
29/
97
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
5
12/
28/
99
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
5
12/
28/
99
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
3328
Wastewater
5
Averaged
influent
<
0.005
mg/
L
4276
Wastewater
1
1995
effluent
<
0.001
mg/
L
4276
Wastewater
1
1997­
1998
effluent
<
0.0005
mg/
L
Yes
4718
Wastewater
4
Averaged
influent
<
0.005
mg/
L
4718
Wastewater
5
4/
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
5697
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
0.00012
mg/
L
5697
Wastewater
2
Averaged
influent
0.00012
mg/
L
6519
Leachate
1
5/
27/
98
from
impoundment
0
mg/
L
6519
Wastewater
3
Averaged
influent
<
0.001
mg/
L
8761
Wastewater
1
6/
24/
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
8761
Wastewater
1
6/
24/
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
8761
Wastewater
1
Averaged
influent
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
8761
Wastewater
3
6/
24/
98
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
Yes
8761
Wastewater
3
6/
24/
98
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
9182
Wastewater
2
12/
9/
93
within
impoundment
<
0.005
mg/
L
9182
Wastewater
2
12/
9/
93
effluent
<
0.005
mg/
L
79
APPENDIX
C
Appendix
C
Treatability
of
Benzene
in
All
Matrices
80
Technology
Scale
Matrix
Influent
Concentration
Effluent
Concentration
(

g/
L)
Sample
Size
Percent
Removal
(%)

Filtration
and
Granular
Activated
Carbon
Full
Scale
Commercial
treatment,

storage
and
disposal
facility
­
liquids
0­
100

g/
L
<
2
(
1)
1
>
90.5
Powdered
Activated
Carbon
Addition
to
Activated
Sludge
Bench
Top
Commercial
treatment,

storage
and
disposal
facility
­
liquids
>
100­
1000

g/
L
<
1
>
99.66
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Domestic
Wastewater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
<
1
(
6)
>
99.55
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Domestic
Wastewater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
<
2
(
6)
>
99.00
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Domestic
Wastewater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
2
(
6)
98.9
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Domestic
Wastewater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
0.6
(
7)
99.83
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Domestic
Wastewater
0­
100

g/
L
<
16
(
6)
>
84
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Domestic
Wastewater
0­
100

g/
L
6
(
10)
81
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Domestic
Wastewater
0­
100

g/
L
<
0.7
(
7)
>
97.4
Aerobic
Lagoons
Full
Scale
Domestic
Wastewater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
<
10
(
6)
>
94.4
Trickling
Filter
Full
Scale
Domestic
Wastewater
0­
100

g/
L
1
(
5)
97.5
Activated
Sludge
Pilot
Plant
Domestic
Wastewater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
<
1.0
(
5)
>
99.71
Appendix
C
(
Continued)

Treatability
of
Benzene
in
All
Matrices
Technology
Scale
Matrix
Influent
Concentration
Effluent
Concentration
(

g/
L)
Sample
Size
Percent
Removal
(%)

81
Activated
Sludge
Pilot
Plant
Domestic
Wastewater
0­
100

g/
L
<
0.2
(
20)
>
99.73
Powdered
Activated
Carbon
Addition
to
Activated
Sludge
Pilot
Plant
Domestic
Wastewater
0­
100

g/
L
<
1
(
1)
>
75
Aerobic
Lagoons
Full
Scale
Groundwater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
<
10
(
2)
>
96.6
Air
Stripping
Full
Scale
Groundwater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
<
0.44
(
22)
>
99.74
Air
Stripping
Full
Scale
Groundwater
>
1­
10
mg/
L
52
(
19)
98.7
Air
Stripping
Full
Scale
Groundwater
0­
100

g/
L
59
(
14)
34
Air
Stripping
and
Granular
Activated
Arbon
Full
Scale
Groundwater
0­
100

g/
L
<
1
(
19)
>
90.9
Chemically
Assisted
Clarification
and
Filtration
Full
Scale
Groundwater
0­
100

g/
L
53
(
14)
10
Granular
Activated
Carbon
Full
Scale
Groundwater
0­
100

g/
L
78
(
14)
0
Reverse
Osmosis
Full
Scale
Groundwater
>
1­
10
mg/
L
140
92.2
Reverse
Osmosis
Full
Scale
Groundwater
0­
100

g/
L
3.8
95.1
Aerobic
Fixed
Film
with
Granular
Activated
Carbon
Pilot
Plant
Groundwater
>
1­
10
mg/
L
<
1
(
7)
>
99.909
Air
Stripping
Pilot
Plant
Groundwater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
<
0.5
(
1)
>
99.67
Granular
Activated
Carbon
Full
Scale
Hazardous
Leachate
>
1­
10
mg/
L
<
10
(
1)
>
99.28
Sequential
Batch
Reactor
with
Powdered
Activated
Carbon
Pilot
Plant
Hazardous
Leachate
>
100­
1000

g/
L
<
50
(
1)
>
70
Appendix
C
(
Continued)

Treatability
of
Benzene
in
All
Matrices
Technology
Scale
Matrix
Influent
Concentration
Effluent
Concentration
(

g/
L)
Sample
Size
Percent
Removal
(%)

82
Powdered
Activated
Carbon
Addition
to
Activated
Sludge
Bench
Top
RCRA
listed
wastewater
0­
100

g/
L
<
5
>
83
Wet
Air
Oxidation
Full
Scale
RCRA
listed
wastewater
>
1­
10
mg/
L
29
99.64
Reverse
Osmosis
Pilot
Plant
Spill
>
100­
1000

g/
L
50
78
Ultrafiltration
Pilot
Plant
Spill
>
1­
10
mg/
L
230
78
Chemical
Oxidation
(
Ultraviolet
light
with
Ozone)
Batch
Process
Bench
Top
Superfund
Wastewater
0­
100

g/
L
20
(
1)
50
Chemical
Precipitation
Batch
Process
Bench
Top
Superfund
Wastewater
>
1­
10
mg/
L
9100
(
1)
2
Chemically
Assisted
Clarification
Batch
Process
Bench
Top
Superfund
Wastewater
>
1­
10
mg/
L
5500
(
1)
19
Chemically
Assisted
Clarification
Batch
Process
Bench
Top
Superfund
Wastewater
0­
100

g/
L
42
(
1)
0
Dissolved
Air
Flotation
Batch
Process
Bench
Top
Superfund
Wastewater
>
10­
100
mg/
L
17000
(
2)
10
Granular
Activated
Carbon
Bench
Top
Superfund
Wastewater
>
10­
100
mg/
L
4200
(
8)
68
Sedimentation
Batch
Process
Bench
Top
Superfund
Wastewater
>
1­
10
mg/
L
6200
(
1)
9
Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Superfund
Wastewater
0­
100

g/
L
<
10
(
1)
>
81
Air
Stripping
Full
Scale
Superfund
Wastewater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
<
18
(
5)
>
92.7
Appendix
C
(
Continued)

Treatability
of
Benzene
in
All
Matrices
Technology
Scale
Matrix
Influent
Concentration
Effluent
Concentration
(

g/
L)
Sample
Size
Percent
Removal
(%)

83
Chemical
Precipitation
Full
Scale
Superfund
Wastewater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
240
(
5)
23
Filtration
Full
Scale
Superfund
Wastewater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
250
(
5)
0
Granular
Activated
Carbon
Full
Scale
Superfund
Wastewater
0­
100

g/
L
<
10
(
5)
>
60
Reverse
Osmosis
Full
Scale
Superfund
Wastewater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
67
92.7
Air
Stripping
Pilot
Plant
Superfund
Wastewater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
1
(
3)
99.09
Air
Stripping
Pilot
Plant
Superfund
Wastewater
>
10­
100
mg/
L
36,000
(
1)
48
Chemical
Oxidation
(
Ultraviolet
light
with
Peroxide)
Pilot
Plant
Superfund
Wastewater
0­
100

g/
L
<
0.5
(
10)
>
83
Steam
Stripping
Pilot
Plant
Superfund
Wastewater
>
10­
100
mg/
L
<
10
(
1)
>
99.985
Activated
Sludge
Bench
Top
Synthetic
Wastewater
>
100­
1000
mg/
L
0.040
mg/
L
99.974
Activated
Sludge
Bench
Top
Synthetic
Wastewater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
0.8
(
16)
99.30
Activated
Sludge
Bench
Top
Synthetic
Wastewater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
1.0
(
8)
99.83
Activated
Sludge
Bench
Top
Synthetic
Wastewater
0­
100

g/
L
0.5
(
16)
97.8
Appendix
C
(
Continued)

Treatability
of
Benzene
in
All
Matrices
Technology
Scale
Matrix
Influent
Concentration
Effluent
Concentration
(

g/
L)
Sample
Size
Percent
Removal
(%)

84
Aerobic
Lagoons
Bench
Top
Synthetic
Wastewater
>
1­
10
mg/
L
60
98.0
Air
Stripping
Bench
Top
Synthetic
Wastewater
>
10­
100
mg/
L
9,300
(
5)
90.0
Chemical
Oxidation
(
Chlorine)
Batch
Process
Bench
Top
Synthetic
Wastewater
>
1­
10
mg/
L
9,000
(
1)
10
Chemical
Oxidation
(
Ozone)
Batch
Process
Bench
Top
Synthetic
Wastewater
>
1­
10
mg/
L
9,200
(
1)
8.0
Powdered
Activated
Carbon
Addition
to
Activated
Sludge
Bench
Top
Synthetic
Wastewater
>
100­
1000

g/
L
0.7
(
12)
99.34
Wet
Air
Oxidation
Batch
Process
Bench
Top
Synthetic
Wastewater
>
100­
1000
mg/
L
180
mg/
L
82
Wet
Air
Oxidation
Batch
Process
Bench
Top
Synthetic
Wastewater
>
1­
10
mg/
L
500
53
Reverse
Osmosis
Pilot
Plant
Synthetic
Wastewater
0­
100

g/
L
32
(
1)
19
85
APPENDIX
D
Appendix
D
Treatability
of
1,1,2­
Trichloroethane
in
All
Matrices
86
Technology
Scale
Matrix
Influent
Concentration
(
mg/
L)
Effluent
Concentration
(
mg/
L)
Samples
Size
Percent
Removal
(%)

Activated
Sludge
Full
Scale
Domestic
Wastewater
0­
0.1
<
0.005
3
>
88
Activated
Sludge
Pilot
Plant
Domestic
>
0.1­
0.1
0.028
20
79
Activated
Sludge
Pilot
Plant
Domestic
Wastewater
>
0.1­
0.1
0.11
5
54
Air
Stripping
Full
Scale
Groundwater
>
0.1­
0.1
0.51
14
18
Chemically
Assisted
Clarification
and
Filtration
Full
Scale
Groundwater
>
0.1­
0.1
0.5
14
2
Granular
Activated
Carbon
Full
Scale
Groundwater
>
0.1­
0.1
0.44
14
11
Sequential
Batch
Reactor
with
Powdered
Activated
Carbon
Pilot
Plant
Hazardous
Leachate
>
0.1­
1
<
0.05
1
>
77
Wet
Air
Oxidation
Full
Scale
RCRA
listed
wastewater
>
10­
100
0.03
99.909
Powdered
Activated
Carbon
Addition
to
Activated
Sludge
Bench
Top
RCRA
listed
wastewater
0­
0.1
<
0.005
>
83
Chemical
Oxidation
(
Chlorine)
Batch
Process
Bench
Top
Synthetic
wastewater
>
1­
10
8.8
1
12
Chemical
Oxidation
(
Ozone)
Batch
Process
Bench
Top
Synthetic
wastewater
>
1­
10
8.9
1
11
Super
Critical
Oxidation
Pilot
Plant
Synthetic
wastewater
>
100­
1000
<
0.036
>
99.981
