Draft,
4/
12/
05;
subject
to
change
Page
1
of
4
Independent
and
Standalone
Laboratories:
Medical
&
Dental
Activities
at
medical
and
dental
laboratories
differ
from
those
of
other
types
of
standalone
laboratories.
These
operations
are
only
covered
by
40
CFR
Part
460,
Hospitals
Point
Source
Category,
if
they
are
located
at
a
directly­
discharging
hospital
with
greater
than
1,000
beds.

Industry
Profile
Medical
and
dental
laboratories
include
SIC
codes
8071
and
8072.
The
1987
SIC
Code
Manual
defines
these
SIC
codes
as
follows:


8071:
Establishments
primarily
engaged
in
providing
professional
analytic
or
diagnostic
services
to
the
medical
profession
or
to
the
patient
as
prescribed
by
a
physician.
Laboratories
engaged
in
the
manufacture
of
medical
or
pharmaceutical
products
are
classified
in
Manufacturing.
Laboratories
engaged
in
commercial
medical
research
are
classified
in
Industry
8731,
and
those
engaged
in
noncommercial
medical
research
are
classified
in
Industry
8733.


8072:
Establishments
primarily
engaged
in
making
dentures,
artificial
teeth,
and
orthodontic
appliances
to
order
for
the
dental
profession.
The
manufacture
of
teeth
other
than
to
order
is
classified
in
Manufacturing.
Establishments
providing
dental
x­
ray
laboratory
services
are
classified
in
Industry
8071.

SIC
Code
8071
includes
medical
laboratories
that
test
blood
and
other
tissue
samples
for
pathogens,
viruses,
and
chemicals
such
as
HIV,
blood
sugar,
and
drugs.
Two
prominent
laboratories
include
Quest
Diagnostics
and
American
Medical
Laboratories.
SIC
Code
8072
includes
labs
that
manufacture
crowns,
bridges,
dentures,
veneers,
orthodontic
appliances
and
other
dental
prosthetics.

Table
7­
1
shows
Census
data
for
medical
and
dental
laboratories.
No
stand­
alone
medical
or
dental
laboratories
reported
to
TRI
in
2000.
Table
7­
2
shows
that
only
three
medical
laboratories
have
data
available
in
the
2000
PCS,
and
all
three
are
minor
dischargers.
Almost
all
facilities
discharge
indirectly:
only
three
of
the
approximately
18,000
stand­
alone
medical
and
dental
laboratories
discharge
directly.
No
dental
laboratories
have
data
available
in
2000
PCS.
Draft,
4/
12/
05;
subject
to
change
Page
2
of
4
Table
7­
1.
Census
Data
SIC
Code
NAICS
Code
Number
of
Facilities
in
1997
Number
of
Facilities
in
2002
8071:
Medical
laboratories
621511:
Medical
laboratories
4,655
5,513
621512:
Diagnostic
imaging
centers
4,421
5,577
8072:
Dental
laboratories
339116:
Dental
laboratories
7,609
7,089
Table
7­
2.
TRI
Facility
Counts
SIC
Code
Number
of
Facilities
Reporting
to
2000
TRI
Number
of
Facilities
Reporting
to
PCS
in
2000
(
Minors)
Direct­
Only
Indirect­
Only
Both
No
Discharge
Reported
8071
0
0
0
0
3
8072
0
0
0
0
0
Wastewater
Characteristics
Wastewater
Quantity
Table
7­
3
presents
the
information
available
for
the
three
medical
laboratories
in
the
2000
PCS
database.

Table
7­
3.
Wastewater
Flows
in
PCS
SIC
NPID
Flow
(
MGY)

8071
ME0001635
5.22
8071
MT0028487
69.0
8071*
WV0105112*
28.8*

*
This
NPID
belongs
to
a
U.
S.
Fish
and
Wildlife
Service
office
in
West
Virginia.
The
SIC
code
designation
is
most
likely
an
error.

At
this
time,
EPA
did
not
locate
other
data
sources
for
wastewater
quantity
for
these
types
of
laboratories.
Draft,
4/
12/
05;
subject
to
change
1U.
S.
Department
of
Defense,
1998.
Handbook
Nondomestic
Wastewater
Control
and
Pretreatment
Design
Criteria,
MIL­
HDBK­
1005/
17,
http://
www.
afcesa.
af.
mil/
ces/
cesc/
wastewater/
1005_
17.
PDF,
October
30,
1998.

Page
3
of
4
Raw
and
Treated
Wastewater
Quality
Table
7­
4
lists
the
facilities
in
the
2000
PCS
database.
The
U.
S.
Fish
and
Wildlife
Service
office
in
West
Virginia
SIC
code
designation
is
most
likely
an
error.

Table
7­
4.
List
of
Facilities
in
PCSLoads2000
(
All
Minors)

SIC
Name
Major/
Minor
City
State
TWPE
8071
Mount
Desert
Island
Biological
Minor
Bar
Harbor
Maine
21.2
8071
Rocky
Mountain
Laboratories
Minor
Hamilton
Montana
1.86
8071
U.
S.
Fish
&
Wildlife
Service
Minor
Shepherdstown
West
Virginia
0
Casting
molds
of
dental
or
medical
prosthetics
generates
wastewater
with
plaster
solids,
and
therefore
greater
TSS,
in
wastewater.
EPA
does
not
believe
that
amalgam
or
any
other
mercury­
containing
materials
are
used
in
dental
laboratory
processes
(
Galsky).
OECA's
2004
Draft
Healthcare
Sector
Notebook
notes
that
molding
casts,
prosthetics,
and
other
medical
lab
items
may
use
Cerrobend
®
,
a
ductile,
formable
metal
that
includes
lead.

Photograph
and
X­
ray
processing
is
carried
out
in
dental
clinics,
hospitals,
and
photo­
processing
laboratories.
Silver­
based
photographic
materials
consist
of
solid
crystals
of
silver
chloride
or
silver
bromide
suspended
in
gelatin
and
coated
on
a
film
or
paper
support.
The
processing
of
photographic
films
and
papers
may
vary
somewhat,
but
generally
consists
of
the
following
three
steps:
(
1)
Development
of
the
image,
in
which
metallic
silver
is
formed
in
the
image
areas;
(
2)
Removal
of
some
or
all
of
the
silver,
in
which
silver
is
converted
to
crystals
of
silver
bromide
or
silver
chloride
and
then
removed
as
a
soluble
silver­
thiosulfate
complex
in
a
fix
solution;
and
(
3)
Stabilizing
the
image
by
rinsing
residual
thiosulfate
and
silver­
thiosulfate
complexes
out
of
the
emulsion
layers
with
water,
or,
in
the
case
of
washless
processing,
with
a
stabilizer
solution
instead
of
water.
1
Silver
is
the
primary
contaminant
of
concern
in
photo
processing
wastewater.
Discharges
may
also
contain
elevated
concentrations
of
ammonia,
bromide,
chromium,
cyanide,
iron,
selenium,
and
zinc.
At
this
time,
EPA
did
not
locate
any
other
data
sources
on
raw
or
treated
wastewater
quality.

On­
Site
Wastewater
Treatment/
Pretreatment
From
OECA's
2004
Draft
Healthcare
Sector
Notebook,
in
rooms
where
casts
are
fitted
Draft,
4/
12/
05;
subject
to
change
Page
4
of
4
and/
or
plaster
molds
are
made,
plaster
recovery
systems
may
be
used.
A
phone
conversation
with
a
dental
laboratory
confirmed
the
use
of
plaster
recovery
systems
(
Galsky).
Silver
recovery
is
one
method
of
pollution
prevention
for
photoprocessing
wastewaters.
More
details
on
this
and
other
technologies
are
documented
in
the
Photoprocessing
profile.
Common
techniques
at
reducing
or
eliminating
pollutant
discharges
from
laboratory
wastewaters
are
also
detailed
in
the
Independent
and
Standalone
Laboratories
profile.

References
National
Association
of
Dental
Laboratories
web
page.
Available
at
http://
www.
nadl.
org/.
As
accessed
on
October
22,
2004.

Phone
conversation
from
Ellie
Codding,
EPA,
to
Mr.
Larry
Galsky,
CDT,
of
Galsky
Dental
Laboratories.
November
2,
2004.

U.
S.
EPA.
Draft
version
of
Office
of
Compliance
Sector
Notebook
Project:
Profile
of
the
Healthcare
Industry.
EPA/
310­
R­
04­
001,
Office
of
Enforcement
and
Compliance
Assurance,
September
2004.
Publication
expected
in
2005.

Valuations
Resources.
com
web
site
on
medical
laboratories.
Available
at
http://
www.
valuationresources.
com/
Reports/
SIC8071MedicalLaboratories.
htm.
As
accessed
on
October
22,
2004.
