
Page
1
of
4
Integrated
Urban
Air
Toxics
Strategy
March
6,
2003
The
Integrated
Urban
Air
Toxics
Strategy
is
a
framework
for
addressing
air
toxics
emissions
in
urban
areas.
A
county
was
considered
"
urban"
if
either
1)
it
includes
a
metropolitan
statistical
area
with
a
population
greater
than
250,000
or
2)
the
U.
S.
Census
Bureau
designates
more
than
fifty
percent
of
the
population
as
"
urban."
Please
note
that
this
definition
does
not
necessarily
apply
for
regulatory
or
implementation
purposes.

Purpose:
Under
the
national
air
toxics
program,
EPA
has
and
will
continue
to
develop
a
number
of
national
standards
for
stationary
and
mobile
sources
to
improve
air
quality
in
urban
and
rural
areas.
The
Strategy
complements
the
existing
national
efforts
by
focusing
on
achieving
further
reductions
in
air
toxics
emissions
in
urban
areas.
The
Strategy
outlines
actions
to
reduce
emissions
of
air
toxics,
as
well
as
assessment
activities
to
improve
EPA's
understanding
of
the
health
and
environmental
risks
posed
by
air
toxics
in
urban
areas.

The
strategy
includes
a
list
of
33
air
toxics
that
pose
the
greatest
potential
health
threat
in
urban
areas
and
also
a
list
of
area
sources
responsible
for
a
substantial
portion
of
the
emissions
of
these
air
toxics.
This
list
includes
29
area
source
categories:
13
new
area
source
categories
and
16
area
source
categories
which
are
under
development
or
already
subject
to
standards.
The
November
22,
2002
notice
added
23
area
source
categories
of
hazardous
air
pollutants
(
HAP)
to
the
previous
lists
developed
under
the
Integrated
Urban
Air
Toxics
Strategy
(
Strategy).
With
the
addition
of
these
categories,
the
requirement
to
identify
and
list
area
source
categories
representing
at
least
90
percent
of
the
emissions
of
the
30
  
listed''
(
or
area
source)
HAP
under
section
112(
c)(
3)
and
112(
k)(
3)(
B)(
ii)
of
the
Clean
Air
Act
(
CAA)
is
fulfilled.
The
Strategy's
area
source
category
list
constitutes
an
important
part
of
EPA's
agenda
for
regulating
stationary
sources
of
air
topics
emissions.

Sources:
The
CAA
includes
two
provisions,
section
112(
c)(
3)
and
112(
k)(
3)(
B)(
ii),
that
instruct
EPA
to
identify
and
list
area
source
categories
accounting
for
at
least
90
percent
of
the
emissions
of
the
30
  
listed''
(
or
area
source)
HAP
(
64
FR
38706,
July
19,
1999),
and
that
are,
or
will
be,
subject
to
standards
under
section
112(
d)
of
the
CAA.
For
this
effort,
EPA
used
urban
area
source
information
from
the
section
112(
k)
inventory,
which
represents
a
baseline
year
of
1990.
In
the
July
1999
Strategy,
EPA
identified
16
area
source
categories
that
had
already
been
listed
for
regulation
under
the
CAA,
and
13
area
source
categories
that
were
being
listed
under
section
112(
c)(
3)
for
the
first
time.
These
29
area
source
categories
are:

°
Cyclic
Crude
and
Intermediate
Production
°
Flexible
Polyurethane
Foam
Fabrication
Operations
°
Hospital
Sterilizers
°
Industrial
Inorganic
Chemical
Manufacturing
°
Industrial
Organic
Chemical
Manufacturing
Page
2
of
4
°
Mercury
Cell
Chlor­
Alkali
Plants
°
Gasoline
Distribution
Stage
1
°
Municipal
Landfills
°
Oil
and
Natural
Gas
Production
°
Paint
Stripping
Operations
°
Plastic
Materials
and
Resins
Manufacturing
°
Publicly
Owned
Treatment
Works
°
Synthetic
Rubber
Manufacturing
°
Chromic
Acid
Anodizing
°
Commercial
Sterilization
Facilities
°
Other
Solid
Waste
Incinerators
(
Human/
Animal
Cremation)
°
Decorative
Chromium
Electroplating
°
Dry
Cleaning
Facilities
°
Halogenated
Solvent
Cleaners
°
Hard
Chromium
Electroplating
°
Hazardous
Waste
Combustors
°
Industrial
Boilers
°
Institutional/
Commercial
Boilers
°
Medical
Waste
Incinerators
°
Municipal
Waste
Combustors
°
Open
Burning
Scrap
Tires
°
Portland
Cement
°
Secondary
Lead
Smelting
°
Stationary
Internal
Combustion
Engines.

Each
of
the
first
13
area
source
categories
above,
which
were
listed
for
the
first
time
in
June
1999,
contributed
at
least
15
percent
of
the
total
area
source
urban
emissions
for
at
least
one
of
the
30
area
source
HAP.
EPA
also
took
credit
for
the
percentage
of
emission
contribution
from
the
last
16
area
source
categories
on
the
list
above.
Since
then,
EPA
added
Secondary
Aluminum
Production
to
the
list
of
major
and
area
source
categories
(
66
FR
8220,
January
30,
2001).
On
June
26,
2002,
EPA
listed
an
additional
18
area
source
categories:

°
Acrylic
Fibers/
Modacrylic
Fibers
Production
°
Plating
and
Polishing
°
Agricultural
Chemicals
&
Pesticides
Manufacturing
°
Autobody
Refinishing
Paint
Shops
°
Cadmium
Refining
&
Cadmium
Oxide
Production
°
Flexible
Polyurethane
Foam
Production
°
Iron
Foundries
°
Lead
Acid
Battery
Manufacturing
°
Miscellaneous
Organic
Chemical
Manufacturing
(
MON)
°
Pharmaceutical
Production
°
Polyvinyl
Chloride
&
Copolymers
Production
Page
3
of
4
°
Pressed
and
Blown
Glass
&
Glassware
Manufacturing
°
Secondary
Copper
Smelting
°
Secondary
Nonferrous
Metals
°
Sewage
Sludge
Incineration
°
Stainless
and
Nonstainless
Steel
Manufacturing
Electric
Arc
Furnaces
(
EAF)
°
Steel
Foundries
°
Wood
Preserving.

The
listing
of
all
these
categories,
however,
did
not
meet
the
requirement
to
list
area
sources
representing
90
percent
of
the
area
source
emissions
of
the
30
area
source
HAP.
In
the
Strategy,
EPA
indicated
that
additional
area
source
categories
would
be
added
as
necessary
to
meet
the
90
percent
requirement
and
complete
the
listing
by
2003.

Under
the
provisions
of
section
112(
c)(
3)
and
112(
k)(
3)(
B)(
ii),
EPA
published
on
November
22,
2002
(
67
FR
70427)
the
addition
of
23
area
source
categories
to
the
list
initially
published
on
July
19,
1999
(
64
FR
38721),
amended
on
January
30,
2001
(
66
FR
8220),
and
on
June
26,
2002
(
67
FR
43112).
While
this
listing
is
again
based
on
the
section
112(
k)
inventory
which
represents
urban
area
information
for
1990,
current
information
will
be
used
for
any
type
of
regulatory
development.
Each
of
the
source
categories
contributes
a
percentage
of
the
total
area
source
emissions
for
at
least
one
of
the
30
area
source
HAP
and
completes
our
requirement
to
address
90
percent
of
the
emissions
of
each
of
the
30
area
source
HAP.
The
additional
area
source
categories
being
listed
pursuant
to
section
112(
c)(
3)
and
112(
k)(
3)(
B)(
ii)
are:

°
Asphalt
Processing
and
Asphalt
Roofing
Manufacturing
°
Brick
and
Structural
Clay
Products
Manufacturing
°
Carbon
Black
Production
°
Chemical
Manufacturing:
Chromium
Compounds
°
Chemical
Preparations
°
Clay
Ceramics
Manufacturing
°
Industrial
Machinery
and
Equipment:
Finishing
Operations
°
Copper
Foundries
°
Electrical
and
Electronics
Equipment:
Finishing
Operations
°
Ferroalloys
Production:
Ferromanganese
and
Silicomanganese
°
Fabricated
Metal
Products
Manufacturing,
not
elsewhere
classified
(
nec)
°
Fabricated
Plate
Work
(
Boiler
Shops)
°
Fabricated
Structural
Metal
Manufacturing
°
Heating
Equipment
Manufacturing,
Except
Electric
°
Inorganic
Pigments
Manufacturing
°
Iron
and
Steel
Forging
°
Nonferrous
Foundries,
nec
°
Paints
and
Allied
Products
Manufacturing
°
Plastic
Parts
and
Products
(
Surface
Coating)
°
Prepared
Feeds
Manufacturing
Page
4
of
4
°
Primary
Copper
Smelters
°
Primary
Metals
Products
Manufacturing
°
Valves
and
Pipe
Fittings
Manufacturing
In
addition
to
adding
these
area
source
categories,
EPA
also
revised
the
name
of
the
area
source
category
Cadmium
Refining
and
Cadmium
Oxide
Production
to
Primary
Nonferrous
Metals­­
Zinc,
Cadmium
and
Beryllium.
This
category
was
also
expanded
to
include
these
other
operations:
Primary
Smelting
and
Refining
of
Zinc,
and
Primary
Nonferrous
Metals.
Expanding
the
source
category
to
include
these
additional
operations
is
needed
to
meet
the
90
percent
requirement
for
several
HAP.
The
name
of
the
area
source
category
Lead
and
Acid
Battery
Manufacturing
is
also
changed
to
Lead
Acid
Battery
Manufacturing.
In
a
recent
notice,
the
area
source
category
Open
Burning
of
Scrap
Tires
was
removed
from
source
categories
included
in
the
inventory
analysis
for
section
112(
c)(
6)
and
112(
k).
Consequently,
that
source
category
will
no
longer
be
a
candidate
for
regulation
under
either
section
112(
c)(
6)
or
112(
k).
As
a
result,
two
area
source
categories:
Asphalt
Processing
and
Asphalt
Roof
Manufacturing,
and
Carbon
Black
Production
were
added
to
the
section
112(
k)
list
above
to
ensure
that
90
percent
of
the
emissions
of
the
HAP,
polycyclic
organic
matter,
are
addressed.

Contact:
Yvonne
W.
Johnson
(
919)
541­
2798
Short­
term
Followup:
Contact
OAQPS
staff
to
determine
what
activities
are
ongoing
related
to
the
industries
listed
and
what,
if
any,
coordination
has
been
done
with
OW.
Discuss
potential
interpretations
of
the
source
list
for
use
in
the
screening
process.

Long­
term
Followup:
To
be
determined
based
on
discussions
mentioned
above.
