Petroleum
Refining
Detailed
Study
Plan
­
Revised
December
29,
2003
1
PETROLEUM
REFINING
DETAILED
STUDY
DRAFT
PLAN
December
29,
2003
General
Steps
1.
Gather
Information
°
Industry
demographics
(
profiles)
°
Identify
pollutants
of
concern
and
process
sources
°
Baseline
pollutant
loads
°
Applicable
control
technologies
for
process
sources
(
includes
wastewater
treatment
and
pollution
reduction
alternatives)

2.
Develop
Model
Refineries
and
Scale­
Up
Procedures
3.
Develop
Candidate
Control
Options,
Including
Costs
and
Pollutant
Reductions
°
Identify
feasible
control
technologies
°
Estimate
costs
and
pollutant
reductions
4.
Prepare
Report
and
Documentation
1.
Gather
Information
Information
Needs
°
List
of
operating
U.
S.
refineries,
their
production
capacity,
and
processes
operated
and
the
relationship
between
capacity
and
pollutant
discharges;
°
Discharge
status
(
number
of
facilities
with
direct,
indirect,
and
zero
discharge);
°
Process
sources
of
pollutants
of
concern
(
dioxins,
polycyclic
aromatic
compounds
(
PACs),
toxic
metals),
including
why
some
refineries
report
releases
of
these
pollutants
and
other
refineries
do
not
report
releases;
°
Characterization
of
the
individual
PACs
in
crude
oil
and
petroleum
refinery
products,
to
better
estimate
the
toxicity
of
PACs
released
in
refinery
wastewaters;
and
°
Technologies
or
suggested
changes
capable
of
reducing
generation
and/
or
discharge
of
pollutants
of
concern,
their
costs,
and
pollutant
reduction
potential.

Industry
Profile,
Identification
of
Pollutants
of
Concern,
and
Baseline
Pollutant
Loads
Use
the
EIA/
PCS/
TRI
database
to
develop
model
refineries
that
reflect
the
sources
of
pollutants
in
the
industry
and
factors
that
will
influence
costs
and
effectiveness
of
pollutant
control
options.
Petroleum
Refining
Detailed
Study
Plan
­
Revised
December
29,
2003
2
°
Continue
evaluating
the
causes
and
sources
of
PACs
in
these
wastewaters,
as
well
as
ways
to
reduce
or
eliminate
them.
Evaluate
other
factors
that
may
influence
the
costs
and
effectiveness
of
pollutant
control
options.
For
example,
analyze
the
relationships
between
the
mass
of
pollutants
reported
released
and
capacity
of
certain
processes
(
e.
g.,
downstream
charge
capacity
of
delayed
coking
operations
and
pounds
of
PACs
released;
mass
of
total
suspended
solids
and
PACs).

°
Relate
facility
treatment­
in­
place
from
TRI
to
the
Petroleum
Refinery
database.

Questions
to
address:

°
How
should
the
industry
be
divided
for
model
sites?
Possible
factors
may
include:
capacity,
processes
operated,
discharge
flow,
pollutant
loads,
treatmentin
place;

°
Why
do
some
refineries
report
releases
of
PACs,
dioxins,
and
toxic
metals,
while
others
do
not?

°
How
have
some
refineries
completely
eliminated
process
wastewater
discharges?

°
Does
the
industry
discharge
non­
trivial
amounts
of
toxic
pollutants
on
an
industry
and
per
refinery
basis?
(
If
the
discharges
from
some
refineries
are
trivial,
is
there
a
way
to
define
this
group
of
refineries,
then
exclude
them
from
further
analysis?)

Applicable
Control
Technology
°
Identify
pollution
prevention
and
treatment
technologies,
both
in­
process
and
endof
pipe.

°
Identify
vendors
and
talk
with
them
about
current
control
technologies
and
their
use
at
petroleum
refineries.

Questions
to
address:

°
What
are
the
sources,
flows,
characteristics,
and
pollutant
concentrations
of
dioxin­
rich
wastewaters?

°
If
flows
are
low
and
infrequent,
is
off­
site
disposal
of
dioxin­
rich
wastewaters
an
option?
What
other
methods
are
available
to
eliminate
dioxin
in
discharged
wastewater?
Petroleum
Refining
Detailed
Study
Plan
­
Revised
December
29,
2003
3
°
What
are
the
sources,
flows,
characteristics,
and
metals
and
PAC
concentrations
in
total
refinery
effluents?

°
Are
the
metals
present
in
concentrations
treated
effectively
and
economically
by
hydroxide
precipitation?

°
What
is
the
effectiveness
of
granulated
activated
carbon
or
pollution
reduction
alternatives
in
removing
PACs
and
metals
from
refinery
wastewaters?
Are
other
technologies,
such
as
dissolved
air
filtration,
biotreatment,
and
biotreatment
with
carbon
addition,
effective
and
economical
treatment
options?

°
What
is
the
effectiveness
of
supplemental
solids
removal
technologies
(
clarification,
polishing
filters,
ultrafiltration)
or
pollution
reduction
alternatives
in
removing
PACs
and
metals
from
refinery
wastewaters?

2.
Develop
Model
Refineries
and
Scale­
Up
Procedures
°
Identify
parameters
that
will
be
used
to
define
the
models
(
e.
g.,
capacity,
discharge
status,
manufacturing
processes,
wastewater
characteristics,
treatment­
in­
place).
These
parameters
will
relate
to
a
refinery's
pollution
generation
rates,
the
feasibility
of
control
technologies,
and
technology
costs.

°
Develop
3
to
10
"
model
refineries,"
defined
in
terms
of
the
parameters
identified.

°
Develop
scheme
to
scale­
up
models
to
full
industry
(
i.
e.,
the
weights
or
scale­
up
factors
that
will
be
applied
to
each
model).

°
To
the
extent
possible
validate
the
model
(
may
be
limited
to
pollutant
discharges
­
do
baseline
model
discharges,
extrapolated
by
scale­
up
procedure,
result
in
the
total
reported
discharges
(
PCS
&
TRI)).

3.
Develop
Candidate
Control
Options
Including
Estimating
Costs
and
Pollutant
Reductions
°
Identify
feasible
pollution
reduction
technologies.
Investigate:


Internal
wastestream
management
 
exclude
the
target
pollutant­
bearing
stream
from
the
wastewater
treatment
plant
by
internal
reuse,
in­
process
treatment,
leak
spill
prevention,
or
other
means.


Process
changes
that
will
eliminate/
reduce
formation
of
pollutants.
Use
different
process
chemistry
to
no
longer
introduce
pollutant
to
process,
or
reduce
formation.
Petroleum
Refining
Detailed
Study
Plan
­
Revised
December
29,
2003
4

End­
of­
pipe
treatment
(
e.
g.,
activated
carbon
filtration,
improved
solids
removal).

Questions
to
address:

°
What
technologies
or
pollution
reduction
alternatives
can
feasibly
reduce
discharges
of
dioxins,
PACs,
and
toxic
metals?

°
What
are
the
costs
of
implementing
these
pollutant
control
options
on
an
industry
and
per
facility
basis?

°
How
much
will
implementing
these
solutions
reduce
pollutant
discharges
on
an
industry
and
per
facility
basis?

°
Estimate
Costs
and
Pollutant
Reductions

Estimate
costs
and
pollutant
reductions
achievable
by
implementing
the
control
options
at
each
model
refinery
and
scale­
up
to
estimate
the
costs
and
reductions
achievable
for
the
entire
industry.


Format
of
output
must
be
useable
by
economists
for
analyzing
economic
impact
and
cost
effectiveness.

4.
Prepare
Report
and
Documentation
Draft
report
will
include:

°
Industry
profile;
°
Baseline
pollutant
loads
(
including
TWPE);
°
Descriptions
of
pollution
control
options;
°
Costs
and
removals
for
each
analyzed
option;
and
°
Documentation
of
the
methodology
used
estimate
costs
and
pollutant
reductions.
