INFORMATION
COLLECTION
REQUEST
EPA
ICR
Number
2030.01
Reliability,
Validity,
and
Variability
in
Behavioral
Determinants
of
Drinking
Water
Disinfection
By­
Product
Exposure
March
2002
National
Center
for
Environmental
Assessment
Office
of
Research
and
Development
The
United
States
Environmental
Protection
Agency
and
Dr.
David
Savitz,
et
al.
The
University
of
North
Carolina­
Chapel
Hill
School
of
Public
Health
March
4,
2002
ii
TABLE
of
CONTENTS
Page
I.
Part
A
of
the
Supporting
Statement
1.
Identification
of
the
Information
Collection
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
(
a)
Title
of
the
Information
Collection
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
(
b)
Short
Characterization
/
Abstract
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
2.
Need
for
and
Use
of
the
Collection
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
(
a)
Need
/
Authority
for
the
Collection
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
2
(
b)
Practical
Utility
/
Users
of
the
Data
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
3.
Nonduplication,
Consultations,
and
Other
Collection
Criteria
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
(
a)
Nonduplication
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
(
b)
Public
Notice
Required
Prior
to
ICR
Submission
to
OMB
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
(
c)
Consultations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
(
i)
Federal
Register
Announcement
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
(
ii)
Consultations
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
(
d)
Effects
of
Less
Frequent
Collection
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7
(
e)
General
Guidelines
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7
(
f)
Confidentiality
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
(
g)
Sensitive
Questions
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
4.
The
Respondents
and
the
Information
Requested
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
(
a)
Respondents
/
SIC
Codes
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
(
b)
Information
Requested
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
(
iii)
Data
Items,
including
Record­
keeping
Requirements
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
(
iv)
Respondent
Activities
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9
5.
The
Information
Collected
 
Agency
Activities,
Collection
Methodology,
and
Information
Management
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9
(
a)
Agency
Activities
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
9
(
b)
Collection
Methodology
and
Management
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
(
c)
Small
Entity
Flexibility
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
(
d)
Collection
Schedule
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
6.
Estimating
the
Burden
and
Cost
of
the
Collection
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11
(
a)
Respondent
Burden
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11
(
b)
Respondent
Costs
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11
(
i)
Labor
Costs
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11
(
ii)
Capital
and
Operations
and
Maintenance
Costs
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12
March
4,
2002
iii
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
cont.

Page
(
iii)
Capital
/
Start­
up
vs.
Operations
and
Maintenance
(
O&
M)
Costs
.
.
.
.
12
(
iv)
Annualizing
Capital
Costs
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12
(
c)
Agency
Burden
and
Cost
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12
(
d)
Respondent
Universe
and
Total
Burden
and
Costs
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15
(
e)
Bottom
Line
Burden
Hours
and
Cost
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15
(
i)
Respondent
Tally
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15
(
ii)
The
Agency
Tally
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15
(
f)
Reasons
for
Changes
in
Burden
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16
(
g)
Burden
Statement
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
16
II.
Part
B
of
the
Supporting
Statement
1.
Survey
Objectives,
Key
Variables,
and
Other
Preliminaries
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17
(
a)
Survey
Objectives
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17
(
b)
Key
Variables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17
(
c)
Statistical
Approach
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
17
(
d)
Feasibility
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
18
2.
Survey
Design
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
19
(
a)
Target
Population
and
Coverage
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
19
(
b)
Sample
Design
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
19
(
i)
Sampling
Frames
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
19
(
ii)
Sample
Size
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
19
(
iii)
Stratification
Variables
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
20
(
iv)
Sampling
Method
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
20
(
v)
Multi­
stage
Sampling
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
20
(
c)
Precision
Requirements
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
20
(
i)
Precision
Targets
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
20
(
ii)
Nonsampling
Error
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
21
(
d)
Questionnaire
Design
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
21
3.
Pretests
and
Pilot
Tests
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
23
4.
Collection
Methods
and
Follow­
up
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
24
(
a)
Collection
Methods
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
24
(
b)
Survey
Responses
and
Follow­
up
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
24
March
4,
2002
iv
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
cont.

Page
5.
Analyzing
and
Reporting
Survey
Results
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
25
(
a)
Data
Preparation
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
25
(
b)
Analysis
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
25
(
c)
Reporting
Results
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
26
III.
Attachments
Attachment
1.
Full
Text
of
24­
Hour
Recall
(
with
instructions)
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
27
Attachment
2.
Full
Text
of
Telephone
Questionnaire
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
33
March
4,
2002
1
PART
A
of
the
SUPPORTING
STATEMENT
Section
1.
Identification
of
the
Information
Collection.

1.
(
a)
Title
of
the
Information
Collection
Reliability,
Validity,
and
Variability
in
Behavioral
Determinants
of
Drinking
Water
Disinfection
By­
Product
Exposure
OMB
Control
Number:

1.
(
b)
Short
Characterization
/
Abstract:

This
study
aims
to
characterize
the
reliability,
validity,
and
variability
of
questionnairebased
information
on
water
usage
patterns
collected
in
environmental
epidemiologic
studies.
The
study
builds
on
a
study
entitled
"
Drinking
Water
Disinfectant
By­
products
and
Spontaneous
Abortion"
funded
by
the
American
Water
Works
Association
Research
Foundation
(
AWWARF).
The
present
study
will
add
a
substudy
component
to
the
parent
AWWARF
study
which
is
already
in
the
field.
This
ICR
provides
for
reinterview
of
a
10
%
sample
(
300
women)
of
the
parent
study
participants
for
a
reliability
substudy
and
an
additional
10
%
sample
(
300
women)
for
a
validity
substudy.
Human
behaviors
(
i.
e.,
water
usage
patterns
over
time)
that
will
affect
exposure
to
an
ambient
level
of
a
particular
chemical,
is
an
important
source
of
variability
and
this
has
not
been
well
characterized
in
previous
drinking
water
epidemiology
studies.
Better
characterization
of
the
reliability,
variability,
and
validity
of
this
information,
generally
obtained
through
recall
in
a
questionnaire,
will
decrease
uncertainties
related
to
misclassification
of
the
exposure
variables
and
enhance
our
ability
to
more
clearly
interpret
the
validity
and
accuracy
of
reported
study
findings.
All
participation
and
responses
are
voluntary.
Confidentiality
of
responses
will
be
maintained.

The
data
are
being
collected
by
the
University
of
North
Carolina
in
collaboration
with
the
EPA's
National
Center
for
Environmental
Assessment
under
Cooperative
Agreement
No.
CR828455­
01­
0.
The
cooperative
agreement
was
solicited
and
awarded
through
an
open,
competitive
process
to
which
the
successful
awardee
voluntarily
responded.
The
present
survey
is
not
associated
with
any
rule­
making
process
within
the
Federal
government.
Instead,
this
research
will
help
demonstrate
the
usefulness
of
water
usage
data
for
epidemiologic
application
and
improved
data
collection
methodologies
for
cumulative
risk
assessments.
Additionally,
the
data
collection
will
enable
the
specific
evaluation
of
different
sources
of
exposure
misclassification
within
the
ongoing
parent
study
and
provide
quantitative
data
enabling
correction
of
misclassified
exposure­
related
variables.

The
(
completely
voluntary)
survey
will
have
two
phases.
Mothers
enrolled
in
the
parent
study
who
agree
to
participate
(
N
=
600)
will
be
asked
to
report
water
usage
through
two
different
mechanisms.
Phase
I
will
include
a
survey
of
approximately
15
minutes
in
length
as
part
March
4,
2002
2
of
the
subjects'
follow­
up
interview
(
N
=
300).
Phase
II
will
consist
of
three
(
30­
minute)
24­
hour
recalls
sent
to
mothers
who
express
interest
in
this
component
(
N
=
300).
The
total
number
of
respondents
is
600.
The
only
cost
to
respondents
will
be
their
time,
for
a
total
of
525
hours.
The
burden
estimates
are
based
on
administration
of
300
questionnaires
and
900
24­
hour
recalls.
The
total
respondent
cost
estimate
is
$
11,340.
Additionally,
all
respondents
will
be
provided
monetary
incentives
for
their
participation.

Data
will
be
stored
on
UNC/
EPA
computer
files
that
protect
respondent
confidentiality.
Summary
results
from
the
study
will
be
available
to
the
participants
and
disseminated
by
the
UNC
study
team
Section
2.
Need
for
and
Use
of
the
Collection.

2.
(
a)
Need
/
Authority
for
the
Collection
The
statutory
authority
for
this
cooperative
agreement
is
the
Safe
Drinking
Water
Act
(
SDWA),
as
amended,
Section
1442,
Paragraph
(
1)(
a)(
b)
and
(
d)
limits
awards
under
this
section
to
improved
methods
(
i)
to
identify
and
measure
the
existence
of
contaminants
in
drinking
water
(
including
methods
which
may
be
used
by
State
and
local
health
and
water
officials),
and
(
ii)
to
identify
the
source
of
such
contaminants;
improved
methods
to
identify
and
measure
the
health
effects
of
contaminants
in
drinking
water;
improved
methods
for
providing
a
dependably
safe
supply
of
drinking
water,
including
improvements
in
water
purification
and
distribution,
and
methods
of
assessing
the
health
related
hazards
of
drinking
water.
As
explained
in
Section
1,
the
proposed
data
collection
will
result
in
clearer
interpretation
of
drinking
water
epidemiology
studies
and
make
their
results
more
relevant
and
usable
for
input
into
cumulative
risk
assessment
problems
related
to
drinking
water
exposures.
This
clearly
fits
under
this
statutory
authority.

While
this
information
is
not
required
for
a
particular
Agency
decision,
it
will
be
of
use
to
EPA
scientists,
the
academic
research
community,
and
citizens
who
are
engaged
in
investigating
the
reliability
and
validity
of
behavioral
determinants
of
water
usage
for
epidemiologic
application,
as
well
as
the
development
of
cumulative
risk
methodology
relevant
to
drinking
water
exposures.

This
research
ICR
supports
directly
the
Government
Performance
and
Results
Act
(
GPRA)
goals
for
EPA
in
the
following
way:

Under
ORD
GPRA
Goal
Area
2
(
Safe
Drinking
Water),
subobjective
2.1.7:
By
2010,
provide
a
stronger
scientific
basis
for
future
implementation
of
the
Safe
Drinking
Water
Act
(
SDWA)­­
the
main
report
generated
from
this
ICR
will
satisfy
NCEA's
FY05
APM:
'
Report
on
the
reliability,
validity
and
variability
in
behavioral
determinants
of
drinking
water
exposures
among
women
of
reproductive
age
in
support
of
the
FY07
APG:
Provide
a
sound
scientific
basis
for
future
potential
revision
of
the
Stage
2
DBP
rule.
March
4,
2002
3
2.
(
b)
Practical
Utility
/
Users
of
the
Data
Practical
Utility
The
data
produced
by
the
surveys
will
fulfill
the
practical
utility
requirements
of
the
Paperwork
Reduction
Act
as
defined
in
5
CFR
1320.3(
1):
"
practical
utility
means
the
actual,
not
merely
the
theoretical
or
potential,
usefulness
of
information
to
or
for
an
agency..."

EPA
anticipates
receiving
survey
data
and
analytic
results
that
will
provide
new
information
about
the
reliability,
validity,
and
variability
of
behavioral
determinants
of
drinking
water
exposure.
These
will
be
immediately
applicable
to
agency
research
and
will
help
fulfill
the
provisions
of
a
cooperative
agreement
commitment
as
well
as
an
ORD/
NCEA
GPRA
deliverable
in
2005.

Limited
previous
knowledge
of
water
usage
variability
and
the
uncertainties
due
to
exposure
misclassification
in
previous
reproductive
studies
warrant
the
proposed
analyses.
The
findings
of
the
survey
will
support
EPA's
effort
to
develop
cumulative
risk
assessments
from
drinking
water.

The
completion
of
the
surveys,
the
collection
of
the
data,
and
the
analytic
findings
it
produces
will
fulfill
the
objectives
of
the
cooperative
agreement
that
University
of
North
Carolina
has
with
EPA.
That
agreement
calls
for
completion
of
surveys
by
participants
of
the
parent
study.
The
proposed
surveys
seek
to
estimate
water
usage
during
pregnancy
comparing
two
survey
methods.

Users
of
the
Data
EPA
plans
to
use
the
information
from
the
reliability
and
validity
analyses,
along
with
findings
from
the
parent
study
and
other
reproductive
studies,
to
further
develop
cumulative
risk
methodology
for
drinking
water
exposures.
This
data
will
also
aid
other
scientists
in
interpreting
the
literature
on
disinfection
by­
products
and
reproductive
outcomes
by
providing
general
information
on
the
reliability
and
variability
of
questionnaire­
based
information
collection
procedures
in
a
cohort
of
women
of
reproductive
age.
March
4,
2002
4
Section
3.
Nonduplication,
Consultations,
and
Other
Collection
Criteria.

3.
(
a)
Nonduplication
Three
related
articles
were
identified.
The
first
 
"
How
Well
Does
a
Telephone
Questionnaire
Measure
Drinking
Water
Intake"
by
Robertson
B,
Forbes
A,
Sinclair
M,
Black
J
in
Australian
and
New
Zealand
Journal
of
Public
Health,
2000,
Volume
24,
Number
6,
pages
619­
622
 
describes
a
reliability
and
validity
study
on
water
intake
for
children
and
adults.
The
present
study
will
focus
solely
on
pregnant
mothers
and
will
expand
the
scope
of
the
data
collection
to
total
water
usage
which
incorporates
not
only
ingestion
but
other
routes
of
exposure
including
inhalation
and
dermal
absorption.
The
second
 
"
Assessment
of
Water
Use
for
Estimating
Exposure
to
Tap
Water
Contaminants"
by
Shimokura
G
H,
Savitz
D
A,
Symansk
E
in
Environmental
Health
Perspectives,
1998,
Volume
106,
pages
55­
59
 
describes
work
from
North
Carolina
conducted
earlier
by
a
member
of
the
UNC
survey
team
(
Savitz).
The
third
 
"
Exposure
to
Tap
Water
During
Pregnancy"
by
Zender
R,
Bachand
A,
Reif
J
in
Journal
of
Exposure
Analysis
and
Environmental
Epidemiology,
2001,
Volume
11,
pages
224­
230
 
describes
work
on
pregnant
and
non­
pregnant
mothers
in
Colorado.
Both
of
these
studies
evaluated
a
certain
sub­
population
of
pregnant
women
(
NC­
highly
educated
cohort;
CO­
low
SES
group)
to
evaluate
water
usage.
The
present
study
will
improve
on
these
findings
by
evaluating
water
usage
patterns
of
pregnant
women
across
different
socioeconomic
levels
and
geographical
regions.
The
size
of
the
present
study,
breadth
of
behavioral
factors
examined,
and
the
scope
of
ancillary
data
available
from
the
main
study
would
make
this
the
most
thorough
study
of
the
validity
and
reliability
of
reported
behavioral
differences
on
DBP
exposure
conducted
thus
far.

The
following
databases
were
reviewed
and
contained
no
additional
related
references:
Medline,
Water
Resource
Abstracts,
Environment
Abstracts,
Biological
Abstracts,
and
Science
Citation
Index.
In
the
course
of
the
ORD
internal
and
external
review
of
this
cooperative
agreement,
no
duplication
of
research
effort
was
detected.

3.
(
b)
Public
Notice
Required
Prior
to
ICR
Submissions
to
OMB
In
accordance
with
the
Paperwork
Reduction
Act
(
44
U.
S.
C.
3501
et
seq.),
EPA
published
a
notice
in
the
Federal
Register
on
July
27,
2001
announcing
that
the
reliability
and
validity
surveys
of
pregnant
mothers
was
available
for
public
comment.
A
copy
of
the
Federal
Register
notice
is
attached
as
an
appendix
to
this
document
(
Attachment
3).

The
survey
authors
and
EPA
received
no
requests
for
the
survey
after
the
Federal
Register
notice
was
published
and
no
comments
were
received
on
the
proposed
surveys.
March
4,
2002
5
3.
(
c)
Consultations
(
i)
Federal
Register
Announcement
EPA
/
ORD
/
NCEA
published
a
Federal
Register
Announcement
on
Friday,
July
27,
2001;
(
FR
66
39159).
No
comments
were
received.

(
ii)
Consultations
EPA
in
conjunction
with
University
of
North
Carolina
has
undertaken
a
number
of
consultations
in
developing
this
project,
including
academic
experts,
intra­
agency
staff
and
key
stakeholders.
The
following
individuals
reviewed
the
EPA
cooperative
agreement
which
proposed
and
approved
funding
for
this
data
collection:

Consultant
Address
Phone
/
Email
Glenn
Suter,
Ph.
D.
Science
Advisor
U.
S.
EPA/
NCEA
26
W.
Martin
Luther
King
Dr.
Cincinnati,
OH
45268
513­
569­
7808
suter.
glenn@
epa.
gov
Chandrika
Moudgal,
M.
S.
Chemist
U.
S.
EPA/
NCEA
26
W.
Martin
Luther
King
Dr.
Cincinnati,
OH
45268
513­
569­
7078
moudgal.
chandrika@
epa.
gov
Linda
Teuschler,
M.
S.
Mathematical
Statistician
U.
S.
EPA/
NCEA
26
W.
Martin
Luther
King
Dr.
Cincinnati,
OH
45268
513­
569­
7573
teuschler.
linda@
epa.
gov
John
A.
Bukowski,
D.
V.
M.,
Ph.
D.,
M.
P.
H.
Staff
Epidemiologist
Exxon/
Mobil
Biomedical
Sciences,
Inc.
1545
Rte.
22,
PO
Box
971
LF278
Annandale,
NJ
08801­
0971
908­
730­
1105
jabukow@
erenj.
com
Rebecca
L.
Calderon,
Ph.
D.,
M.
P.
H
Chief,
Epidemiology
&
Biomarkers
Branch
National
Health
and
Environmental
Effects
Laboratory,
Office
of
Research
and
Development,
U.
S.
EPA,
Research
Triangle
Park,
NC
27711
919­
966­
0617
calderon.
rebecca@
epa.
gov
Evelyn
O.
Talbott,
Dr.
P.
H.,
M.
P.
H.,
Associate
Professor
of
Epidemiology
Department
of
Epidemiology
Graduate
School
of
Public
Health
University
of
Pittsburgh
Pittsburgh,
PA
15217
412­
624­
3074
eot1@
pitt.
edu
The
reviewers
listed
above
uniformly
supported
the
development
of
the
data
collection
instruments
as
part
of
the
cooperative
agreement.
The
University
of
North
Carolina
has
a
broad
range
of
survey
researchers
included
on
the
research
team
(
Drs.
Savitz,
Singer,
Hertz­
Piccioto,
March
4,
2002
6
Weinberg,
Hartmann,
and
Thorp).
Outside
consultants
with
expertise
in
related
fields
were
also
asked
to
review
the
study
design
and
questionnaires
of
the
parent
study.

Reviewers
of
the
survey
plan
have
made
constructive
suggestions
about
the
structure
of
the
questionnaires
and
sample
selection;
they
expressed
enthusiasm
for
the
data
collection.
After
developing
the
survey
methodology
and
constructing
the
first
version
of
the
pilot
survey
instrument,
the
telephone
questionnaires
were
pre­
tested
by
the
Battelle
research
team.
Input
from
these
subjects
and
comments
elicited
from
peer
reviewers
was
used
to
refine
the
questionnaire
for
administration.
The
following
individuals
have
had
input
in
the
planning
process
and
survey
design
and
were
supportive
of
our
plans
to
conduct
survey
work
in
the
study
areas:

Consultant
Address
Phone
/
Email
David
A.
Savitz,
PhD
Professor
and
Chair
Department
of
Epidemiology,
CB
#
7435
University
of
North
Carolina
School
of
Public
Health
Chapel
Hill,
North
Carolina
27599­
7400
919­
966­
7427
david_
savitz@
unc.
edu
Philip
C.
Singer,
PhD
Professor
Department
of
Environmental
Sciences
and
Engineering,
CB
#
7400
University
of
North
Carolina
School
of
Public
Health
Chapel
Hill,
NC
27599­
7400
919­
966­
3865
phil_
singer@
unc.
edu
Katherine
Hartmann,
MD,
PhD
Assistant
Professor
NC
Program
for
Women's
Health
Research
Sheps
Center
CB#
7590
Chapel
Hill,
NC
27599­
7400
919­
966­
7928
khartman@
med.
unc.
edu
Howard
Weinberg,
D.
Sc.
Research
Assistant
Professor
Department
of
Environmental
Sciences
and
Engineering
CB#
7400
University
of
North
Carolina
School
of
Public
Health
Chapel
Hill,
NC
27599­
7400
919­
966­
3859
howard_
weinberg@
unc.
edu
Irva
Hertz­
Picciotto,
PhD
Professor
Department
of
Epidemiology
CB
#
7435
University
of
North
Carolina
School
of
Public
Health
Chapel
Hill,
NC
27599­
7400
919­
966­
7445
ihp@
unc.
edu
Christina
Makarushka,
MPH
Department
of
Epidemiology
CB#
8050
University
of
North
Carolina
School
of
Public
Health
137
E
Franklin
Street
Suite
32
Room
3217
Chapel
Hill
NC
27514
919­
966­
6649
christina_
makarushka@
unc.
edu
Kirsten
Waller,
Ph.
D.
13150
Mink
Farm
Road
Thurmont,
MD
21788
301­
271­
0767
KWDHS@
aol.
com
Consultant
Address
Phone
/
Email
March
4,
2002
7
David
Ozonoff,
Ph.
D.
Boston
University
School
of
Public
Health
Dept.
of
Environmental
Health
715
Albany
Street
Boston,
MA
02118
617­
638­
4620
dozonoff@
bu.
edu
Sherry
G.
Selevan,
Ph.
D.
US
EPA
NCEA/
ORD/
EPA
(
8623D)
Washington,
DC
20460
202­
564­
3312
selevan.
sherry@
epa.
gov
Pauline
Mendola,
Ph.
D.
US
EPA
HSD
MD
58A
Research
Triangle
Park,
NC
27711
919­
966­
6953
mendola.
pauline@
epa.
gov
Charles
Hertz,
Ph.
D.
Manager
Laboratory/
Technical
Services
Philadelphia
Suburban
Water
Company
762
W
Lancaster
Ave
Bryn
Mawr,
PA
19010­
3489
610­
525­
1400
hertzc@
suburbanwater.
com
Gary
Amy,
Ph.
D.
University
of
Colorado
at
Boulder
PO
Box
428
Dept
of
Civil,
Environ.
&
Architect.
Eng.
Boulder,
CO
80309
303­
492­
6274
gamy@
spot.
colorado.
edu
Judith
Klotz,
DrPh
Cancer
Epidemiology
Services
NJ
Dept
of
Health
and
Senior
Services
PO
Box
369
Trenton,
NJ
08625­
0369
609­
588­
3500
jklotz@
doh.
state.
nj.
us
LaTisha
Griffin
Data
collection
supervisor
Battelle
Centers
for
Public
Health
Research
and
Evaluation
100
Capitola
Drive,
Suite
301
Durham,
NC
27713
919­
544­
3717
Cathy
Colvard
Study
leader
Battelle
Centers
for
Public
Health
Research
and
Evaluation
100
Capitola
Drive,
Suite
301
Durham,
NC
27713
919­
544­
3717
3.
(
d)
Effects
of
Less
Frequent
Collection
Not
applicable;
this
is
a
one­
time
data
collection
activity
for
both
components.

3.
(
e)
General
Guidelines
March
4,
2002
8
This
ICR
conforms
to
OMB's
general
guidelines
for
the
collection
of
information
described
in
the
ICR
Handbook.
The
parent
study
has
also
been
reviewed
and
approved
by
the
University
of
North
Carolina
School
of
Public
Health
Institutional
Review
Board
on
Research
Involving
Human
Subjects.

3.
(
f)
Confidentiality
All
pregnancies
will
be
assigned
a
unique
patient
identifier
and
confidentiality
will
be
carefully
protected.
The
local
site
manager
will
have
access
to
personal
identification
information
(
name,
home
phone
number
and
home
address),
since
women
need
to
be
telephoned,
we
need
to
verify
that
their
home
receives
water
from
the
participating
water
utility,
and
there
may
be
a
visit
to
her
home.
The
staff
data
entering
the
form
which
assigns
her
the
unique
coded
identification
number
will
have
access
to
personal
identifiers.
The
data
manager
will
also
have
access
to
the
data
file
with
personal
identifiers.
All
other
study
personnel
will
only
have
access
to
the
coded
identification
number
as
part
of
the
working
data
files.
Working
data
will
be
stored
on
computers
in
secure
data
files
available
only
to
the
University
of
North
Carolina
team
members
and
members
of
EPA/
NCEA.
The
UNC
researchers
have
extensive
experience
in
conducting
surveys
so
that
confidentiality
is
protected.
Through
these
mechanisms,
confidentiality
of
subjects
who
agree
to
participate
in
the
survey
is
assured.

3.
(
g)
Sensitive
Questions
The
telephone
questionnaire
and
the
24­
hour
recall
do
not
include
any
questions
regarding
sexual
behavior
or
attitudes,
religious
beliefs,
or
other
matters
usually
considered
private.
In
addition,
response
to
all
questions
in
the
surveys
is
strictly
voluntary.

Section
4.
The
Respondents
and
the
Information
Requested.

4.
(
a)
Respondents
/
SIC
Codes
The
proposed
information
collection
targets
individuals
(
i.
e.
pregnant
women)
who
are
residents
of
Raleigh,
NC,
Memphis,
TN
and
Galveston
County,
TX
and
currently
enrolled
in
the
ongoing
parent
study.
For
the
telephone
questionnaire
and
the
24­
hour
recall,
respondents
will
be
randomly
selected
at
the
time
of
the
initial
intake
interview
of
the
parent
study
and
asked
to
participate.
The
subcontractor
collecting
the
survey
responses
will
make
it
clear
that
participation
is
voluntary.
Monetary
incentives
are
provided
to
all
the
volunteer
participants
included
in
this
ICR.

4.
(
b)
Information
Requested
March
4,
2002
9
(
i)
Data
Items,
Including
Record
Keeping
Requirements
The
full
text
of
the
telephone
questionnaire
and
the
24­
hour
recall
is
attached
at
the
end
of
this
document
and
discussed
in
detail
in
Part
B
of
this
Supporting
Statement.
These
surveys
seek
to
gauge
water
usage
and
as
such
should
not
require
respondents
to
search
existing
records
or
to
reformat
information
to
submit
to
the
Agency.
There
will
be
no
public
record
keeping
activities
under
this
ICR.

(
ii)
Respondent
Activities
Respondents
will
be
asked
to
answer
a
series
of
survey
questions
either
by
telephone
questionnaire
or
24­
hour
recalls.

Activities
involved
in
the
reliability
component
(
via
the
telephone
questionnaire):
°
listen
to
short
introduction
of
the
survey
and
instructions
for
answering
questions
°
complete
telephone
interview
Activities
involved
in
the
validity
component
(
via
the
24­
hour
recall):
°
read
instructions
°
complete
three
24­
hour
recalls
°
estimate
typical
water
use
activities
such
as
dish
washing,
bathing,
etc.
°
estimate
the
amount
of
beverages
consumed
in
the
home
and
workplace
Section
5.
The
Information
Collected
 
Agency
Activities,
Collection
Methodology
and
Information
Management.

5.
(
a)
Agency
Activities
The
majority
of
the
actual
information
collection
activities
performed
under
this
ICR
are
the
primary
responsibility
of
the
UNC
cooperator.
The
main
EPA
activities
are
as
follows;

°
prepare
and
obtain
OMB
approval
for
ICR
°
Management
of
Cooperative
Agreement
including
a)
review
progress
reports/
budget
expenditures
and
b)
provide
funds
to
cooperators
on
annual
basis
°
assist
cooperator
with
the
development
of
the
24­
hour
recall
survey
°
collaborate
in
the
development
of
analytical
strategies
°
Contribute
to
analyses/
review
results
°
Write
reports/
journal
articles
March
4,
2002
10
The
UNC
cooperator
has
the
primary
responsibility
to
develop
the
surveys,
facilitate
and
conduct
the
surveys,
compile
and
store
the
data,
analyze
survey
findings,
and
produce
summary
reports.
March
4,
2002
11
5.
(
b)
Collection
Methodology
and
Management
In
collecting
and
analyzing
the
information
associated
with
this
ICR,
the
University
of
North
Carolina
(
under
Cooperative
Agreement
No.
CR828455­
01­
0)
will
follow
a
number
of
procedures
for
collection
and
management
of
survey
data.
°
Data
quality
will
be
ensured
via
adequate
training
and
supervision
of
data
collectors.
°
Reliability
of
computer
programs
will
be
verified
with
test
data
prior
to
use.
°
Computer
data­
coders
will
be
adequately
trained
and
supervised.
°
Data
input
will
be
stored
on
both
secured
hard
drives
and
on
another
medium
such
as
floppy
disk
or
CD
ROM.
Data
shared
across
UNC
investigators
will
be
shared
on
an
access­
protected,
dedicated
website.
°
Public
access
to
the
study's
main
findings
will
be
made
available
via
the
Right
From
the
Start
website.
Final
reports
will
disclose
only
aggregated
anonymous
data.

5.
(
c)
Small
Entity
Flexibility
The
proposed
survey
is
targeted
solely
at
pregnant
women
in
Raleigh,
NC,
Memphis,
TN,
and
Galveston
County,
TX,
who
have
voluntarily
enrolled
in
the
ongoing
parent
study
and
who
voluntarily
agree
to
complete
the
additional
questions
from
this
ICR.
No
significant
economic
impact
will
be
imposed
on
any
respondent.
Small
entity
flexibility
is
not
applicable
to
this
ICR.

5.
(
d)
Collection
Schedule
Upon
OMB
approval,
the
information
collection
will
be
initiated.
The
University
of
North
Carolina
will
complete
the
following
tasks
during
a
two­
year
time
period
following
approval:
(
i)
give
the
subcontractor
the
go­
ahead
for
the
final
questionnaires
(
in
month
following
OMB
approval)
(
ii)
recruitment
of
mothers
during
intake
interviews
for
validity
and
reliability
components
(
in
month
following
OMB
approval
through
date
necessary
for
recruitment
of
300
subjects
each)
(
iii)
distribution
and
collection
of
24­
hour
recalls
(
in
month
1
following
OMB
approval
through
date
necessary
for
recruitment
of
300
subjects)
(
iv)
administration
of
telephone
survey
(
in
month
1
following
OMB
approval
through
date
necessary
for
recruitment
of
300
subjects)
(
v)
phone
follow­
up
(
if
needed)
to
non­
respondents
(
throughout
subject
recruitment
period)
(
vi)
make
summary
tables
and
analyses
available
(
approximately
2
years
after
OMB
approval)
March
4,
2002
12
Section
6.
Estimating
the
Burden
and
Cost
of
the
Collection.

6.
(
a)
Respondent
Burden
It
is
estimated
that
there
will
be
600
respondents
in
the
two
phases
of
the
Reliability,
Validity,
and
Variability
in
Behavior
Determinants
of
Drinking
Water
Disinfection
By­
Product
Exposure
study.
For
the
reliability
component
each
respondent
will
spend
approximately
15
minutes
completing
the
telephone
interview.
For
the
validity
component,
each
respondent
will
spend
approximately
90
minutes
(
30
minutes
each
for
3
days)
completing
the
24­
hour
recalls.
The
estimated
total
response
burden
of
525
hours
(
Table
6.
a).
The
burden
estimates
are
based
on
findings
from
the
water
usage
section
of
the
participant's
original
interview
in
the
parent
study
which
is
already
underway.
This
information
will
be
summarized
in
the
required
Federal
Register
notice.
No
third­
party
activities
will
be
part
of
this
one­
time
information
collection.
Note:
The
burden
estimates
for
the
surveys
reflect
a
one­
time
expenditure,
so
they
are
equal
to
annual
expenditures
during
the
single
year
that
the
survey
is
conducted.

Table
6.
a
Respondent
Burden
Survey
Type
Estimated
#
of
Respondents
Estimated
Time
(
minutes)
Estimated
Time
(
hours)

Telephone
Questionnaire
300
15
/
respondent
75
24­
Hour
Recall
300
90
/
respondent
450
TOTAL
600
525
6.
(
b)
Respondent
Costs
(
i)
Labor
Costs
Wage
estimates
are
based
on
the
"
Employer
Cost
for
Employment
Compensation"
(
Bureau
of
Labor
and
Statistics
USDL
00­
186,
March
2000).
Labor
costs
are
estimated
at
$
21.16
per
hour
(
average
total
compensation
[
inclusive
of
benefits]
for
all
civilian
workers).
Burden
activities
include
only
a
few
steps:
reading
or
listening
to
instructions,
reading
or
listening
to
survey
questions
and
responding
to
survey
questions.
The
average
cost
per
respondent
to
the
telephone
survey
is
$
5.40.
The
average
cost
per
respondent
for
the
three
24­
hour
recalls
is
$
32.40.
The
overall
average
cost
per
respondent
is
$
18.90
(
Table
6.
b.
i)
March
4,
2002
13
Table
6.
b.
i
Respondent
Costs
Survey
Type
Total
Burden
Hours
Total
Cost
#
of
Respondents
Cost
per
Respondent
Telephone
Questionnaire
75
$
1,620.00
300
$
5.40
24­
Hour
Recall
450
$
9,720.00
300
$
32.40
TOTAL
525
$
11,340.00
600
$
18.90
(
ii)
Capital
and
Operations
and
Maintenance
Costs
There
are
no
capital
and
operations
and
maintenance
costs
associated
with
the
respondent's
participation.

(
iii)
Capital
/
Start­
up
vs.
Operating
and
Maintenance
(
O&
M)
Costs
There
are
no
capital/
Start­
up
and
operating
and
maintenance
costs
associated
with
the
respondent's
participation.

(
iv)
Annualizing
Capital
Costs
Not
applicable.
There
are
no
capital
costs.

6.
(
c)
Agency
Burden
and
Cost
Burden
and
cost
estimates
for
the
major
Agency
activities
identified
in
section
5a
above
are
displayed
in
table
6c.
i.
Based
on
the
2002
GS
pay
schedule
for
New
York,
EPA
estimates
an
average
hourly
regional
labor
cost
of
$
63.19
for
a
GS13­
7
health
scientist
and
$
37.70
for
a
postdoctoral
researcher.
To
derive
hourly
estimates
,
EPA
divided
the
annual
compensation
estimate
by
2,080
which
is
the
number
of
hours
in
the
Federal
work
year.
EPA
then
multiplied
the
hourly
rate
by
the
standard
government
benefits
multiplication
factor
of
1.6.
The
same
procedure
was
followed
to
calculate
the
cost
for
post­
doctoral
researcher,
using
the
annual
salary
rate
provided
by
the
ORISE
post­
doctoral
program
in
the
Federal
government
as
the
base.

We
note
again
that
the
UNC
cooperator
has
the
primary
responsibility
to
develop
the
surveys,
facilitate
and
conduct
the
surveys,
compile
and
store
the
data,
analyze
survey
findings,
and
produce
summary
reports.
This
will
be
accomplished
via
extramural
research
funding
of
March
4,
2002
14
$
99,000/
year
for
3
years
for
a
total
cost
of
$
297,000.
The
major
breakdown
of
budget
costs
as
provided
by
the
University
of
North
Carolina
is
shown
in
Table
6.
c.
ii,
also
in
this
section.
March
4,
2002
15
Table
6.
c.
i
Annual
Agency
Burden
Hours
and
Costs
Hours/
Cost
per
category
Information
Collection
Activity
GS
13
Scientist
$
63.19/
hr
Post­
Doctoral
Researcher
$
37.70/
hr
Agency
Hours/
Year
GS
13
Scientist
Cost/
Year
Post­
Doctoral
Researcher
Cost/
Year
1.
Prepare
ICR
40
60
100
(
1st
year
only)
2,527.60
2,262.00
2.
Management
of
Cooperative
Agreement
a)
review
progress
reports/
budget
expenditures
b)
provide
funds
to
cooperators
on
annual
basis
40
40
0
0
40
40
2,527.60
2,527.60
0.00
0.00
3.
Help
develop
24
hr
recall
survey
20
40
60
1,263.80
1,508.00
4.
Help
develop
analytical
strategy
100
100
200
6,319.00
3,770.00
5.
Contribute
to
analyses/
review
results
100
100
200
6,319.00
3,770.00
6.
Write
reports/
journal
articles
500
600
1100
31,595.00
22,620.00
TOTAL
840
900
1740
53,079.60
33,930.00
March
4,
2002
14
Table
6.3.
ii
UNC
Cooperative
Budget
Year
1
Total
Year
2
Total
Year
3
Total
Salary
Projection
direction
2
hr/
wk
$
8,288
2
hr/
wk
$
8,615
2
hr/
wk
$
8,956
Data
collection
28
hr/
wk
$
34,457
28
hr/
wk
$
35,161
28
hr/
wk
*$
32,648
Programming/
analysi
s
8
hr/
wk
$
13,272
8
hr/
wk
$
13,785
8
hr/
wk
$
14,318
$
56,017
$
57,561
$
55,922
Consultant
$
3,000
$
1,500
$
3,000
Supplies
$
2,900
$
900
$
900
Travel
$
0
$
1,480
$
1,500
Other
Communication
$
300
$
600
$
719
Incentives
$
6,000
$
6,000
$
6,000
$
6,300
$
6,600
$
6,719
Total
Direct
Costs
$
68,217
$
68,041
$
68,041
Total
Indirect
Costs
$
30,784
$
30,959
$
30,959
Total
Cost
$
99,000
$
99,000
$
99,000
March
4,
2002
14
*
Interviewer
only
used
10
months
March
4,
2002
18
6.
(
d)
Respondent
Universe
and
Total
Burden
Hours
and
Costs
An
estimated
600
respondents
will
voluntarily
respond
to
the
survey
at
a
total
burden
of
525
hours
and
a
total
cost
of
$
11,340.00.
Respondents
will
receive
a
monetary
incentive
($
20.00
each)
for
their
voluntary
participation.

6.
(
e)
Bottom
Line
Burden
Hours
and
Costs
(
i)
Respondents
Tally
Table
6.
e.
i
Bottom
Line
Burden
Hours
and
Costs
for
Respondents
Survey
Type
#
of
Respondents
Total
Burden
Hours
Total
Cost
Telephone
Questionnaire
300
75
$
1,620.00
24­
Hour
Recall
300
450
$
9,720.00
TOTAL
600
525
$
11,340.00
(
ii)
Agency
Tally
Table
6.
e.
ii
Bottom
Line
Burden
Hours
and
Costs
for
Agency
Category
Total
Annual
Burden
Hours
Total
Annual
Costs
GS
and
post
doctoral
scientist
salaries­
research
and
administrative
activities
1740
$
87,009.60
Extramural
research
dollars
provided
to
University
of
North
Carolina
Not
applicable
$
99,000.00
TOTAL
1740
$
186,009.60
March
4,
2002
19
6.
(
f)
Reasons
for
Change
in
Burden
This
is
a
new,
one­
time
data
collection
activity,
therefore,
this
section
is
not
applicable.

6.
(
g)
Burden
Statement
Exhibit
6.3
presents
the
average
annual
respondent
burden
for
all
surveys.
The
public
reporting
burden
is
estimated
to
average
45.75
minutes
per
respondent
as
a
one­
time­
only
burden
for
completion
of
the
surveys.
This
estimate
includes
time
for
reviewing
instructions,
reading
and/
or
listening,
and
responding
to
survey
questions.
There
is
no
record­
keeping
burden
for
the
study
participants,
so
there
is
no
additional
reporting
burden
beyond
completion
of
the
survey
instruments.

Burden
means
the
total
time,
effort,
or
financial
resources
expended
by
persons
to
generate,
maintain,
or
disclose
or
provide
information
to
or
for
a
Federal
agency.
This
includes,
the
time
needed
to
review
instructions;
develop,
acquire,
install,
and
utilize
technology
and
systems
for
the
purposes
of
collecting,
validating,
and
verifying
information;
processing
and
maintaining
information;
disclosing
and
providing
information;
adjusting
the
existing
ways
to
comply
with
any
previously
applicable
instructions
and
requirements;
training
personnel
to
be
able
to
respond
to
a
collection
of
information;
searching
data
sources;
completing
and
reviewing
the
collection
of
information;
and
transmitting
or
otherwise
disclosing
or
reporting
on
the
information.
An
agency
may
not
conduct
or
sponsor,
and
a
person
is
not
required
to
respond
to
a
collection
of
information
unless
it
displays
a
currently
valid
OMB
control
number.
The
OMB
control
numbers
for
EPA's
regulations
are
listed
in
40
CFR
Part
9
and
48
CFR
Chapter
15.

Send
comments
on
the
Agency's
need
for
this
information,
and
any
suggested
methods
for
minimizing
respondent
burden,
including
through
the
use
of
automated
collection
techniques
to
the
Director,
Collection
Strategies
Division,
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
2822T),
1200
Pennsylvania
Ave
NW,
Washington
DC,
20460;
and
to
the
Office
of
Information
and
Regulatory
Affairs,
Office
of
Management
and
Budget,
725
17th
Street
NW,
Washington
DC
20503,
Attention:
Desk
Officer
for
EPA.
Include
the
EPA
ICR
number.
March
4,
2002
20
PART
B
OF
THE
SUPPORTING
STATEMENT
Section
1.
Survey
Objectives,
Key
Variables,
and
Other
Preliminaries.

Little
is
known
about
the
accuracy
and
the
amount
of
variability
in
a
wide
range
of
selfreported
water­
related
activities
during
pregnancy.
The
reliability
component
will
allow
for
a
measure
of
consistency
in
reporting
of
water
usage
at
two
different
time
periods.
The
validity
component,
through
comparison
of
two
reported
different
survey
methods,
will
provide
some
insight
into
the
utility
of
using
questionnaire­
based
estimates
of
water
usage.
The
24­
hour
recall
will
also
yield
valuable
information
regarding
the
variability
of
water­
related
activities
over
time.

1.
(
a)
Survey
Objectives
Survey
responses
are
designed
to
provide
answers
to
the
following
questions:
Question
1.
What
is
the
mother's
water
source
and
has
it
changed
during
pregnancy?
Question
2.
How
much
water
do
women
consume
and
do
these
habits
change
during
pregnancy?
Question
3.
What
percent
of
water
consumption
consists
of
bottled
water
(
versus
tap
water)
or
filtered
water?
Question
4.
What
percent
of
water
consumption
does
filtered
tap
water
(
versus
unfiltered
tap
water)
constitute?
Question
5.
How
much
exposure
to
water
do
women
receive
via
other
activities?

1.
(
b)
Key
Variables
Key
variables
for
the
telephone
survey
and
24­
hour
recall
include
water
source,
cold
and
hot
water
consumption,
bottled
water
use,
home
filtration
use,
frequency
and
duration
of
bathing,
showering,
swimming,
washing
dishes,
washing
clothes.
All
of
these
factors
influence
a
mother's
potential
exposure
level.
The
survey
instruments
will
help
us
quantify
the
between
and
withinperson
variability
in
these
exposures,
will
decrease
the
uncertainties
related
to
misclassification
of
the
exposure
variables,
and
enhance
our
ability
to
more
clearly
interpret
the
validity
and
accuracy
of
reported
study
findings.

Section
2d
below
describes
why
each
question
(
and
thus
each
key
variable)
is
included
so
that
the
research
hypotheses
can
be
tested.

1.
(
c)
Statistical
Approach
The
study
base
from
which
the
participants
are
selected
are
all
medium
sized
urban
areas,
with
the
following
population
figures:
Raleigh,
NC:
420,000;
Memphis,
TN:
600,000;
Galveston
County,
TX:
240,000.
Therefore,
a
census
approach
would
be
expensive
and
impose
an
unnecessary
burden
on
residents.
An
anecdotal
approach
has
the
disadvantage
that
it
is
not
March
4,
2002
21
rigorous
enough
and
cannot
be
generalized
to
other
similar
areas.
A
statistical
survey
approach,
however,
can
select
a
sample
large
enough
to
identify
differences
that
are
important
for
the
target
population,
yet
small
enough
to
minimize
the
burden
on
respondents.

The
cooperative
agreement
has
two
components.
The
reliability
analysis
will
include
a
telephone
survey
of
approximately
15
minutes
administered
by
a
subcontractor.
The
validity
analysis
will
be
based
on
three
24­
hour
recalls
which
will
each
take
approximately
30
minutes
to
complete.
The
survey
instruments
are
designed
to
enable
pregnant
women
to
report
on
water
usage
activities
during
pregnancy.
We
expect
to
recruit
300
participants
for
each
component,
100
from
each
geographical
region.
Therefore,
the
final
data
set
will
have
600
subjects.

The
anticipated
survey
results
will
provide
data
for
summary
tables
and
statistical
analysis
that
are
expected
to
meet
the
survey
objectives
listed
in
Section
1a
of
Part
B
of
this
Supporting
Statement.

1.
(
d)
Feasibility
Respondents
are
not
expected
to
face
obstacles
in
completing
the
survey.
Several
steps
have
been
taken
to
facilitate
response.
The
instructions
will
stress
that
all
of
the
questions
ask
about
their
specific
water
usage.
Pretesting
the
questionnaires
have
ensured
that
respondents
understand
the
words
used
and
can
answer
the
questions
asked.
The
relatively
few
questions
of
fact
should
be
quite
straight­
forward
(
e.
g.,
How
many
glasses
of
bottled
water
do
you
usually
drink
per
day?
How
often
do
you
shower
at
home?
How
many
minutes
do
you
usually
spend
actually
in
the
shower?).

Sufficient
funds
are
available
to
complete
the
survey
as
designed.
In
the
absence
of
sufficient
funds,
the
sample
size
might
have
to
be
reduced,
diminishing
the
ability
to
detect
variability
across
these
populations.
Financial
incentives
will
be
offered
to
help
ensure
a
sufficient
number
of
participants.

This
survey
is
being
conducted
as
part
of
the
cooperative
agreement
with
the
University
of
North
Carolina
and
is
not
related
to
any
rule­
making
activity
at
EPA.
As
such,
the
information
does
not
face
a
particular
deadline
for
specific
decisions
(
aside
from
input
for
deciding
among
potential
research
priorities).
However,
the
cooperator
must
show
significant
progress
on
an
annual
basis,
so
data
collection
must
proceed
in
a
timely
fashion.
The
UNC
team
has
demonstrated
its
ability
to
provide
output
in
a
timely
manner.
March
4,
2002
22
Section
2.
Survey
Design.

2.
(
a)
Target
Population
and
Coverage
The
target
population
includes
pregnant
women
served
by
one
of
three
public
water
utilities
in
Raleigh,
NC,
Memphis,
TN
or
Galveston
County,
TX.
For
the
parent
study,
eligible
residents
are
being
recruited
from
family
planning
clinics,
obstetric/
gynecology
offices,
prenatal
clinics,
pharmacies
and
the
community
at
large.
The
coverage
for
the
reliability
and
validity
components
includes
a
random
sample
of
10
%
of
the
eligible
participants
from
the
cohort
(
n=
300
for
each
component).
This
coverage
group
will
satisfy
our
information
needs
because
they
comprise
a
geographically­
representative
sample
of
the
study
population
and
will
already
be
familiar
with
the
questionnaire
procedures
prior
to
completion
of
the
reliability
and
validity
components.

2.
(
b)
Sample
Design
(
i)
Sampling
Frames
The
sampling
frame
for
our
survey
will
consist
of
all
eligible
pregnant
women
from
the
parent
study.
We
will
ensure
confidentiality
through
the
mechanisms
described
in
Section
3f
of
Part
A
of
this
Supporting
Statement.

(
ii)
Sample
Size
The
decision
regarding
sample
size
for
both
the
validity
and
reliability
studies
involves
reconciling
the
desire
for
statistical
precision
in
measuring
the
associations
of
interest
and
the
costs
and
effort
required
to
recruit
participants
for
this
component
of
the
study.
We
focused
on
the
Pearson
correlation
coefficient
as
a
simple
measure
of
reliability
(
i.
e.,
the
correlation
between
assessment
at
time
1
and
time
2)
and
of
validity
(
i.
e.,
the
correlation
between
indices
of
exposure
based
on
the
24­
hour
recall
versus
the
questionnaire).
Using
Fisher's
transformation
(
Rosner,
B.
Fundamentals
of
Biostatistics.
1982.
Boston:
Duxbury
Press)
to
approximate
the
95%
confidence
intervals
around
estimates
of
the
correlation
coefficient,
we
calculated
confidence
intervals
for
correlation
coefficients
of
0.40
and
0.60
for
three
different
sample
sizes
(
n=
50,
100
or
200).

Sample
Size
50
100
200
r=
0.40
0.14­
0.61
0.22­
0.55
0.28­
0.51
r=
0.60
0.39­
0.75
0.46­
0.71
0.50­
0.68
Based
on
these
estimates,
100
women
from
each
region
were
determined
to
be
the
appropriate
sample
size
for
both
the
reliability
and
validity
components.
The
minimal
precision
gained
by
increasing
the
sample
to
200
hundred
women
for
each
region
(
shown
above)
was
March
4,
2002
23
determined
not
to
be
a
cost­
effective
use
of
limited
resources.
In
addition
to
analyzing
the
recruited
women
in
the
aggregate,
we
expect
to
analyze
subgroups
that
are
defined
by
tap
water
consumption,
for
example,
and
will
want
to
calculate
measures
of
agreement
across
study
locations.
By
seeking
a
total
of
300
women
for
each
component,
we
would
anticipate
having
reasonable
power
to
estimate
reliability
and
validity
in
such
subsets
of
study
participants.
Relative
to
the
small
number
of
volunteers
in
previous
water
usage
studies,
the
present
study
would
be
a
major
advancement.

(
iii)
Stratification
Variables
Not
applicable.

(
iv)
Sampling
Method
Participants
will
be
randomly
sampled
from
all
eligible
subjects
from
the
parent
study.

The
results
should
be
generalizable
to
pregnant
women
across
different
geographical
regions
and
socioeconomic
levels.
For
purposes
of
this
study,
the
representativeness
of
our
sample
of
pregnant
women
is
less
crucial
than
meeting
our
objectives
of
quantifying
the
amount
of
variability
within
these
populations
and
evaluating
the
accuracy
of
our
measurements.
However,
we
expect
that
the
results
for
residents
of
Raleigh,
Memphis,
and
Galveston
County
would
be
applicable
to
other
areas.

(
v)
Multi­
stage
Sampling
Not
applicable.

2.
(
c)
Precision
Requirements
(
i)
Precision
Targets
Ninety­
five
percent
confidence
intervals
will
be
determined
for
the
target
variables.
An
example
of
one
of
the
target
variables
that
will
be
queried
is
overall
water
consumption.
While
estimates
of
water
consumption
exist
in
the
literature,
we
will
be
able
to
estimate
the
validity
of
two
methods
of
measurement
(
questionnaire
and
24­
hour
recall)
in
pregnant
women
with
a
great
deal
of
precision.
As
noted
in
Section
2b.
ii
of
Part
B
of
this
Supporting
Statement,
Pearson
correlation
coefficient
estimates
based
on
sample
size
calculations
indicate
very
precise
confidence
intervals
will
result
from
the
large
number
of
respondents.
This
level
of
precision
should
prove
satisfactory
for
our
decision­
making
needs.
March
4,
2002
24
(
ii)
Nonsampling
Error
If
non­
respondents
have
significantly
different
activities
compared
with
respondents,
the
survey
may
not
be
representative
of
all
sub­
populations.
We
will
have
background
information
on
the
non­
responders
to
compare
with
those
who
complete
the
reliability
and
validity
components.
However,
there
is
no
expectation
that
these
research
results
could
not
be
generalized
to
other
populations.
We
do
not
expect
any
biases
to
result
from
the
selection
of
participants,
since
it
will
be
based
on
a
random
sample
of
the
population
irrespective
of
water
usage
and
pregnancy
outcome.
The
findings
but
also
should
unbiased
due
to
extensive
training
and
standardized
interviewing
protocol.

As
described
in
Section
2a
two
different
groups
of
300
women
will
be
randomly
selected
from
the
study
population
for
both
the
reliability
and
variability
components.
Not
only
will
this
make
the
overall
interview
burden
tolerable,
it
will
reduce
the
potential
for
distorting
the
reliability
data
that
might
arise
from
extra
attention
to
water
use
created
by
the
variability
surveys.
In
addition,
UNC
has
a
record
of
achieving
high
response
rates,
partly
by
designing
questionnaires
that
respondents
find
appealing
and
providing
financial
incentives
to
participants.

2.
(
d)
Questionnaire
Design
The
telephone
questionnaire
and
24­
hour
recalls
have
been
designed
to
minimize
biases
by
making
the
questions
straightforward,
unambiguous,
and
arranged
logically.
As
described
in
Section
3
below,
the
questionnaire
has
been
pilot
tested
to
ensure
that
respondents
understand
the
questions
and
can
respond
appropriately.
In
the
description
below,
each
question
or
group
of
questions
is
linked
to
at
least
one
Survey
Objective
listed
in
Part
B,
Section
1a.
Recall
that
the
survey
objectives
are
listed
as
questions.
Copies
of
the
questionnaire
and
24­
hour
recall
are
appended
to
this
Supporting
Statement.

Telephone
Questionnaire
All
of
the
questions
in
the
telephone
survey
are
pre­
coded
which
helps
ensure
the
accuracy
of
the
instrument.
For
the
qualitative
responses
we
attempted
to
minimize
respondent
burden
by
providing
a
choice
of
possible
answers
(
yes/
no
or
multiple
choice
categories).
For
the
daily
water
consumption
and
time
spent
for
a
variety
of
activities
questions,
specific
quantities
are
queried.
For
these
questions,
the
interviewer
offers
guidance
as
to
the
size
of
the
containers
used.
For
example,
"
Are
those
glasses
usually
small
like
a
juice
glass,
about
4­
10
oz;
medium
like
a
water
glass,
about
10­
12
oz;
or
large
like
a
giant
size
drink
at
the
movies/
Fast
food,
about
22­
34
oz?".
Questions
A5,
C1a,
C1b,
and
C2a­
c
are
included
in
order
to
verify
respondent
identity
and
to
confirm
the
appropriate
mailing
address
for
disbursement
of
the
financial
incentive
following
survey
completion.
Question
B6
is
an
instructional
reminder
to
the
respondents
to
answer
the
questions
keeping
in
mind
that
the
water
usage
responses
are
for
a
"
typical
week".
March
4,
2002
25
A
group
of
questions
will
enable
answering
Objective
1.
Questions
B1a,
B1b,
B1c,
B2
and
B5
ensures
that
the
respondent
has
not
moved
during
study
enrollment.
Question
B4
asks
about
the
source
of
tap
water
at
their
present
address.
If
the
respondent
has
moved,
questions
B2­
B4
ask
respondents
to
list
the
addresses,
source
water
and
length
of
residence
for
each
other
location.

A
group
of
questions
will
enable
answering
Objective
2.
Questions
B7a­
b
(
home
and
work),
B9a­
b
(
work),
and
B11a­
b
(
home)
ask
about
the
amount
(
i.
e.
how
many
glasses
and
the
size
of
glass)
of
cold
tap
water
consumed.
Questions
B8a­
b
(
home
and
work),
B10a­
b
(
work),
and
B12a­
b
(
home)
ask
about
the
amount
(
i.
e.
how
many
glasses
and
the
size
of
glass)
of
hot
tap
water
consumed.

Questions
B13a­
c
are
linked
to
Objective
3.
Question
B13a
specifically
asks
"
how
much
of
all
the
water
you
drank
was
bottled
water".
Similar
to
the
tap
water
usage
section,
Questions
B13b­
c
ask
about
the
amount
(
i.
e.
how
many
glasses
and
the
size
of
glass)
of
bottled
water
consumed.
Question
B13d
asks
for
the
name
of
the
brand
of
bottled
water
typically
purchased.

Questions
B14­
B21
will
help
determine
the
influence
of
home
filtration
techniques
addressed
in
Objective
4.
Questions
B18a
and
B19a
ask
about
the
amount
of
filtered
tap
water
consumed
and
cooked
with
at
home.
Question
B14
addresses
whether
tap
water
from
the
home
is
filtered
at
any
time.
If
it
is,
Questions
B15
and
B17a
specifies
whether
the
system
covered
the
entire
house
or
specific
locations
such
as
the
showerhead.
Questions
B17b,
B18c
and
B19c
asks
for
brand
names
of
filters
used
for
the
entire
house,
showerheads
and
tap
water.
For
residential
tap
water
treatment,
the
respondents
will
be
asked
whether
the
filters
used
were
at
the
faucet,
part
of
the
refrigerator,
or
part
of
a
filtering
pitcher
(
Question
B18b).
Frequency
of
filtration
replacement
will
be
queried
in
questions
B17c,
B18d
and
B20d.
Consumption
of
filtered
water
outside
of
the
home
is
addressed
in
Question
B20a.
Type,
brand
and
frequency
of
filter
replacement
are
addressed
Questions
B20b­
d.
Question
B21
asks
study
participants
what
prompts
filter
replacement
at
home.

Objective
5
is
addressed
in
Questions
B22a­
B29c.
Frequency
and
duration
of
showering
is
addressed
in
Question
B22a
and
B22b.
Questions
B22c
and
B22d
asks
about
the
time
spent
in
the
bathroom
with
the
door
closed
before
(
with
the
water
running)
and
after
showering.
Respondents
are
also
asked
about
the
frequency
and
duration
of
bathing
themselves
(
Question
B23a,
B23c)
and
children
(
Question
B24a
B24b).
Time
spent
in
the
enclosed
bathroom
before
(
with
the
water
running)
and
afterward
is
dealt
with
in
Questions
B23d
and
B23e
for
self
bathing
and
Questions
B24c
and
B24d
for
bathing
children.
Questions
B23b
asks
about
level
of
water
used
in
the
tub.
Participants
will
be
also
be
asked
about
the
frequency
(
Questions
B25a,
B26a)
and
duration
(
Questions
B25b,
B26b)
of
washing
dishes
and
clothes
by
hand.
Modification
of
exposure
by
glove
usage
during
the
washing
of
dishes
and
clothes
will
be
asked
in
Questions
B25c
and
B26c.
Frequency
and
duration
of
swimming
is
addressed
in
Questions
B27a­
B27b
(
total
pool
use)
and
Questions
B28a­
B28b
(
indoor
pool
use
only).
Questions
28c
and
29c
ask
the
March
4,
2002
26
respondent
whether
chlorine
was
used
to
disinfect
the
pool
most
frequented.
Hot
tub
and
jacuzzi
usage
(
frequency
and
duration)
is
queried
in
Questions
30a­
b,
while
Question
30c
asks
whether
chlorine
was
used
to
disinfect
the
hot
tub
or
jacuzzi
most
frequented.

24­
Hour
Recall
Part
I
of
the
24­
hour
recall
asks
the
respondent
to
record
the
amount
and
type
of
all
beverages
consumed.
This
corresponds
with
Objectives
2­
4
since
they
will
be
asked
to
record
tap,
bottled
and
filtered
water
consumption.
Parts
II­
IV
primarily
focus
on
Objective
5
which
measures
the
impact
of
other
water­
related
activities
that
may
influence
exposure.
These
include:
bathing,
showering,
washing
dishes,
washing
clothes,
washing
children,
and
pool/
hot
tub/
jacuzzi
use.
Objective
5
is
also
addressed
in
Part
II
through
recording
of
ventilation
measures
(
fan,
door
and
window)
used
during
bathing
and
showering,
the
percentage
of
body
immersed
while
bathing,
and
the
time
spent
in
the
bathroom
before
and
after
bath
or
shower.
Additional
information
recorded
on
the
24­
hour
recall
that
addresses
exposure
modification
include
the
proportion
of
body
immersed
while
bathing
(
Part
II),
type
of
pool/
hot
tub/
jacuzzi
used
(
Part
III),
and
glove
usage
during
washing
of
dishes,
clothes
and
children
(
Part
IV).
Entries
regarding
location
of
water
usage
(
found
in
Parts
I­
III)
will
address
both
Objective
5
and
Objective
1.

Section
3.
Pretests
and
Pilot
Tests.

Telephone
Questionnaire
The
water
usage
questionnaire
for
the
validity
component
utilizes
a
subset
of
questions
from
the
main
questionnaire
of
the
parent
study.
The
main
questionnaire
was
piloted
at
prenatal
clinics
in
North
Carolina
by
the
staff
at
the
Battelle
Centers
for
Public
Health.

During
pilot
interviews,
interviewers
focused
on
the
following
aspects
of
the
questionnaire:
°
length
of
interview
°
clarity
of
questions:
could
they
be
read
easily
by
the
interviewer
and
understood
by
the
respondent?
°
did
questions
result
in
the
type
of
information
desired
by
researchers?
°
could
respondents
recall
information
for
the
time
frames
requested?
°
did
certain
questions
make
the
respondent
uncomfortable?
°
what
issues
needed
to
be
addressed
in
interviewer
training
°
what
special
interviewer
instructions
needed
to
be
added
to
the
computer
screen?

Following
the
pilot
interviews,
issues
and
questions
were
brought
to
the
attention
of
researchers
in
a
written
report.
The
researchers
evaluated
these
issues
and
modified
the
questionnaire
as
appropriate.
March
4,
2002
27
24­
Hour
Recall
The
24­
hour
recall
is
a
standard
research
tool
which
consists
of
diary­
type
entries
of
water
usage
and
contact
during
the
day.
A
series
of
24­
hour
recalls
is
required
to
provide
a
suitable
benchmark
against
which
water
usage
questionnaires
can
be
validated.
The
24­
hour
recall
is
appended
to
this
Supporting
Statement
and
is
similar
to
those
pre­
tested
in
a
previous
study
by
a
member
of
the
UNC
research
team
(
Savitz).
An
instruction
sheet
is
also
attached
and
will
help
guide
participants
through
the
use
of
the
24­
hour
recall.

Section
4.
Collection
Methods
and
Follow­
up.

4.
(
a)
Collection
Methods
The
telephone
interview
and
self­
administered
24­
hour
recalls
were
chosen
to
minimize
respondent
burden.
Because
the
telephone
data
will
be
collected
by
a
reputable
survey
firm
(
Battelle),
the
interviewers
already
will
have
been
screened
to
be
appropriate
in
their
interviewing
skills.
Prior
to
administering
the
survey,
the
interviewers
will
receive
project­
specific
training
which
covers
the
background
of
the
parent
study,
the
project­
specific
protocol,
and
the
questionnaire.
Each
interviewer
must
also
complete
a
certification
(
mock)
interview
with
an
experienced
trainer.
This
certification
interview
must
demonstrate
the
interviewer's
knowledge
of
the
questionnaire
and
correct
project
protocol.

Battelle
supervisors
monitor
10%
of
interviews
to
ensure
that
respondent
answers
are
coded
correctly
and
proper
project
protocol
is
used.
During
the
monitoring
process,
supervisors
can
observe
the
interviewer's
computer
screen
from
a
remote
location
and
listen
to
the
conversation
between
the
interviewer
and
the
respondent.
The
interviewer
is
unaware
that
she
is
being
monitored.
The
supervisor
evaluates
the
interview
based
on
a
standard
set
of
criteria.
Feedback
is
provided
to
the
interviewer
immediately.

4.
(
b)
Survey
Responses
and
Follow­
up
The
target
response
rate
for
this
research
is
eighty
percent.
Based
on
previous
experience,
it
is
extremely
challenging
to
obtain
the
degree
of
cooperation
required
for
repeated
interviews
and
financial
incentives
are
effective
in
enhancing
the
completeness
of
response.
The
UNC
research
team
has
a
reputation
for
achieving
high
response
rates
in
previous
reproductive
studies.
For
those
women
who
agree
to
participate
in
the
validation
component,
we
will
generate
at
the
time
of
enrollment
a
random
series
of
three
days,
two
weekdays
and
one
weekend,
for
the
period
between
enrollment
and
the
20­
week
follow­
up
interview.
In
order
to
avoid
sensitizing
women
to
planned
ascertainment
and
possibly
distort
their
water
use,
we
will
call
in
the
evening
on
those
selected
days.
Because
they
may
not
be
reachable
on
the
exact
days
desired,
the
computerized
selection
algorithm
will
also
provide
contingency
plans
for
alternative
assessment
dates.
Again,
March
4,
2002
28
the
goal
is
to
have
information
from
three
randomly
chosen
days
between
the
interviews.
For
the
reliability
component,
Battelle
interviewers
will
make
several
attempts
during
different
times
of
day
to
reach
the
respondent.
If
these
attempts
are
unsuccessful,
another
randomly
selected
participant
will
be
selected
for
the
study.

Section
5.
Analyzing
and
Reporting
Survey
Results.

5.
(
a)
Data
Preparation
The
UNC
research
team
will
be
in
charge
of
data
entry
and
management
prior
to
the
analysis.
Standard
data
entry
procedures
will
be
followed
by
the
trained
staff
including
double
entry
of
the
data
and
the
use
of
a
computer
edit
program.
The
data
manager
will
also
monitor
the
dataset
for
internal
consistency.
If
data
entry
errors
are
detected
they
will
be
corrected
based
on
data
from
the
original
surveys.
We
do
not
expect
large
amounts
of
missing
data
with
the
telephone
questionnaires
since
they
are
being
administered
by
a
professional
interviewing
staff.
Completeness
of
the
24­
hour
recalls
will
be
evaluated
on
a
case­
by­
case
basis
by
the
data
manager.
Incomplete
surveys
may
result
in
their
exclusion
from
the
data
analysis.

5.
(
b)
Analysis
For
continuous
measures
of
exposure,
Pearson
correlation
coefficients
will
be
calculated
as
well
as
intraclass
correlation
coefficients
and
95%
confidence
intervals
using
analysis
of
variance
(
Fleiss
PE,
Shrout
JL.
"
Intraclass
Correlations:
Uses
in
Assessing
Rater
Reliability."
Psychological
Bulletin,
1979,
Volume
86,
Number
2,
pages
420­
428).
Two­
way
analysis
of
variance
models
take
into
account
the
potential
for
differences
due
to
the
mode
of
data
collection
at
the
two
times
of
evaluation
(
Armstrong
et
al.,
1992).
For
categorical
variables,
we
will
characterize
the
percent
agreement
by
summing
the
persons
who
are
on
the
diagonal
reflecting
exact
agreement
in
the
matrix
of
scores
on
the
first
and
second
interview,
along
with
95%
confidence
intervals
(
Chinn
S,
Burney
PG.
"
On
Measuring
Repeatability
of
Data
from
Selfadministered
Questionnaires."
International
Journal
of
Epidemiology,
1987,
Volume
16,
Number
1,
pages
121­
127).
Kappa
coefficients
with
95%
confidence
intervals
will
be
used
to
measure
agreement
beyond
that
expected
by
chance
(
Maclure
M,
Willett
WC.
"
Misinterpretation
and
Misuse
of
the
Kappa
Statistic."
American
Journal
of
Epidemiology,
1987,
Volume
126,
Number
2,
pages
161­
169).

Data
Presentation
This
data
collection
does
not
involve
simple
replication
of
analyses
with
familiar
measures.
So
meaningful
table
shells
cannot
be
designed
until
we
know
what
sorts
of
scales
emerge
from
the
data
analysis.
Nevertheless,
we
shall
report
all
frequencies
in
a
straightforward
manner,
thereby
informing
readers
as
to
the
validity,
reliability
and
variability
of
behavioral
determinants
of
water
March
4,
2002
29
usage.
We
will
report
distributions,
not
just
means,
so
readers
can
assess
the
variability
of
measurements.

5.
(
c)
Reporting
Results
The
data
analysis
will
be
described
in
papers
prepared
for
submission
to
peer­
reviewed
journals.
These
manuscripts
will
be
made
available
to
government
(
and
other)
reviewers.
Summaries
will
also
be
prepared
in
a
less
technical
format,
for
use
by
the
participants
and
any
other
interested
parties.
The
intent
is
to
write
both
the
technical
and
non­
technical
summaries
(
plus
presentation
materials)
so
that
they
demonstrate
the
potential
usefulness
of
the
data
that
was
collected
via
these
surveys.

As
an
additional
safeguard
to
confidentiality
(
and
to
encourage
a
high
response
rate),
the
UNC
research
team
does
not
plan
to
provide
agency
personnel
and
the
public
with
direct
access
to
the
data
base.
However,
they
will
have
direct
access
to
both
technical
and
non­
technical
summaries
and
analyses,
especially
through
the
Right
from
the
Start
website
(
http://
www.
rightfromthestart.
unc.
edu).
March
4,
2002
30
ATTACHMENT
1:

24­
Hour
Recall
and
Instruction
Sheet
March
4,
2002
31
OMB
Control
No:
2080­
XXXX
Expiration
date
xx/
xx/
xx
Dear
Study
Participant:

Thank
you
for
agreeing
to
participate
in
the
Right
From
the
Start
Study.
This
project
is
funded
by
the
American
Water
Works
Association
Research
Foundation
and
will
examine
the
impact
of
different
behaviors
and
exposures
on
reproductive
health.
The
current
survey
focuses
on
water
usage
and
will
be
used
as
part
of
a
cooperative
agreement
between
the
University
of
North
Carolina
and
the
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
CR828455­
01).
The
public
reporting
and
recordkeeping
burden
for
this
collection
is
estimated
to
average
30
minutes
per
survey.
Burden
means
the
total
time,
effort,
or
financial
resources
expended
by
persons
to
generate,
maintain,
retain,
or
disclose
or
provide
information
to
or
for
a
Federal
agency.
This
includes
the
time
needed
to
review
instructions;
develop,
acquire,
install,
and
utilize
technology
and
systems
for
the
purposes
of
collecting,
validating,
and
verifying
information,
processing
and
maintaining
information,
and
disclosing
and
providing
information;
adjust
the
existing
ways
to
comply
with
any
previously
applicable
instructions
and
requirements;
train
personnel
to
be
able
to
respond
to
a
collection
of
information;
search
data
sources;
complete
and
review
the
collection
of
information;
and
transmit
or
otherwise
disclose
the
information.
An
agency
may
not
conduct
or
sponsor,
and
a
person
is
not
required
to
respond
to,
a
collection
of
information
unless
it
displays
a
currently
valid
OMB
control
number.
Send
comments
on
the
Agency's
need
for
this
information,
the
accuracy
of
the
provided
burden
estimates,
and
any
suggested
methods
for
minimizing
respondent
burden,
including
through
the
use
of
automated
collection
techniques
to
the
Director,
Collection
Strategies
Division,
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
2822T),
1200
Pennsylvania
Ave.,
NW,
Washington,
D.
C.
20460.
Include
the
OMB
control
number
in
any
correspondence.
Do
not
send
the
completed
survey
to
this
address.
Please
remember
that
participation
in
this
survey
is
voluntary
and
all
information
you
provide
is
strictly
confidential.
No
information
provided
to
us
will
be
linked
to
you
specifically
because
answers
from
all
women
who
participate
in
the
study,
up
to
3000
women,
will
be
pooled
together.
In
addition,
your
name
will
never
be
used
in
any
report
about
the
study.
We
have
provided
detailed
instructions
with
examples
on
the
following
two
sheets.
We
will
mail
you
a
$
10
check
upon
receipt
of
each
completed
survey.
If
at
any
time
you
have
any
questions
or
concerns,
please
do
not
hesitate
to
contact
the
study
staff
at
Right
From
the
Start.
The
toll­
free
telephone
number
is
1­
866­
346­
2684.

Thank
you,

Dr.
David
Savitz
The
University
of
North
Carolina
Department
of
Epidemiology
School
of
Public
Health­
CB#
7435
Chapel
Hill
North
Carolina
27599­
7400
32
OMB
Control
No:
2080­
XXXX
Expiration
date
xx/
xx/
xx
Please
provide
your
name,
current
address,
along
with
the
date
and
time
you
began
the
survey.
For
each
section,
please
report
activities
during
the
last
24
hours.

Part
I:
Water/
Beverage
Consumption
1.
Write
in
the
approximate
time
and
circle
AM
or
PM
to
indicate
when
water
or
any
other
beverage
was
consumed.

2.
Specify
the
name
of
the
drink.
Brand
names
may
be
used.

3.
If
water
was
consumed
or
used
to
make
the
beverage,
circle
Tap
if
the
beverage
came
directly
from
tap
water
or
was
made
with
tap
water
(
e.
g.
frozen
juice).
Circle
Bottled
if
bottled
water
was
consumed
or
used
to
make
the
beverage
(
Do
not
circle
either
choice
if
the
beverage
you
listed
was
soda/
pop
or
canned
or
bottled
juices).

4.
Circle
Yes
if
water
was
filtered
at
the
faucet,
through
the
refrigerator,
or
through
a
filtering
pitcher
(
e.
g.
Britta
filter).
Circle
No
if
water
was
not
filtered.

5.
Circle
Home,
Work,
or
write
in
the
name
of
the
community
or
city
where
the
water
or
beverage
was
obtained.

6.
Indicate
the
amount
of
drink
consumed
in
ounces.

7.
Circle
either
Hot
or
Cold
for
each
drink
consumed.

EXAMPLE:
Time
Name
of
Beverage
Source
of
Water
or
Beverage
Filtered?
Location
Amount
(
in
Ounces)
Hot/
Cold
8
:
30
AM/
PM
Hot
Tea
Tap/
Bottled
Yes/
No
Home/
Work
Other
10
Hot/
Cold
Part
II:
Bathing/
Showering
Habits
1.
Write
in
the
approximate
time
and
circle
AM
or
PM
to
indicate
when
the
bath
or
shower
took
place.

2.
Circle
Bath
or
Shower.

3.
Circle
Home,
Work,
or
write
in
the
name
of
the
community
or
city
where
the
bath
or
shower
took
place.

4.
Write
in
the
approximate
duration
in
minutes
of
the
bath
or
shower.

5.
Circle
Yes
or
No
to
indicate
whether
there
was
any
fan
in
use
during
the
bath/
shower.

6.
Circle
Window,
Door
or
Both
if
the
bathroom
window
or
door
were
open
during
the
bath/
shower.

7.
Write
in
the
approximate
duration
in
minutes
you
spent
before
the
bath/
shower
with
the
bathroom
door
shut
and
the
water
running.

8.
Write
in
the
approximate
duration
in
minutes
you
spent
after
the
bath/
shower
with
the
bathroom
door
shut.

9.
(
For
bathers
only)
Circle
the
proportion
that
approximates
the
amount
of
body
immersed
while
bathing.

EXAMPLE:
Time
Bath/
Shower
Location
Bath/
Shower
Duration
(
minutes)
Was
the
Fan
On?
Open
Door/

Window?
#
Min.
Spent
with
Door
Shut
Before
After
Amount
of
Body
Immersed
33
8
:
00
AM/
PM
Bath/
Shower
Home/
Work
Other_________
12
Yes/
No
None/
Window/

Door/
Both
1
0
>
1/
2
1/
2
1/
4
Part
III:
Swimming
Pool/
Hot
Tub/
Jacuzzi
Use
1.
Write
in
the
approximate
time
and
circle
AM
or
PM
to
indicate
when
you
swam
or
used
a
hot
tub/
jacuzzi.

2.
Write
in
the
name
of
the
place
where
you
swam
or
used
a
hot
tub/
jacuzzi.

3.
Circle
Swimming
or
Hot
Tub/
Jaccuzzi
to
indicate
the
type
of
activity
you
participated
in.

4.
Circle
Outdoor
if
the
pool/
hot
tub/
jacuzzi
was
outdoor
or
Indoor
if
the
pool/
hot
tub/
jaccuzi
was
either
indoor
or
in
an
enclosed
area.

5.
Write
in
the
approximate
duration
in
minutes
for
each
activity.

EXAMPLE:
Time
Location
Type
of
Activity
Type
of
Pool/
Hot
Tub/
Jacuzzi
Duration
(
minutes)

8
:
00
AM/
PM
YMCA
Swimming/

Hot
Tub
or
Jacuzzi
Indoor/
Outdoor
25
Part
IV:
Other
Water­
Related
Activities
1.
Circle
all
the
items
which
correspond
to
tasks
you
performed
during
the
day
which
last
for
15
minutes
or
longer.
If
the
task
is
not
already
listed,
you
may
write
it
in
the
space
provided.

2.
Write
in
the
number
of
times
you
conducted
this
task
during
the
day.

3.
Write
in
the
approximate
duration
in
minutes
for
each
task.

4.
Circle
Yes
if
gloves
were
used
or
No
if
they
were
not
used
for
the
activities
you
listed.

EXAMPLE:
Activity
(
greater
than
15
minutes)
Number
of
Times
Total
Duration
(
minutes)
Gloves
Used?

Bathing
Children
0
0
Yes/
No
Hand
Dishwashing
2
30
Yes/
No
Hand
Clotheswashing
0
0
Yes/
No
Other
34
0
0
Yes/
No
35
Name:
_______________________________________
OMB
Control
No:
2080­
XXXX
Address:
_____________________________________
Expiration
date
xx/
xx/
xx
_____________________________________

Date:
_____________

Time
survey
started:
__
__
:
__
__
A.
M.
P.
M.
[
circle
one]

ID#:
___________________[
office
use
only]

Part
I:
Water/
Beverage
Consumption
Source
of
Water
Filtered
Amount
Time
Name
of
Beverage
or
Beverage
Water?
Location
(
in
Ounces)
Hot/
Cold
___
:
___
AM/
PM
_________________
Tap/
Bottled
Yes/
No
Home/
Work
Other
_____________
______
Hot/
Cold
___
:
___
AM/
PM
_________________
Tap/
Bottled
Yes/
No
Home/
Work
Other
_____________
______
Hot/
Cold
___
:
___
AM/
PM
_________________
Tap/
Bottled
Yes/
No
Home/
Work
Other
_____________
______
Hot/
Cold
___
:
___
AM/
PM
_________________
Tap/
Bottled
Yes/
No
Home/
Work
Other
_____________
______
Hot/
Cold
___
:
___
AM/
PM
_________________
Tap/
Bottled
Yes/
No
Home/
Work
Other
_____________
______
Hot/
Cold
___
:
___
AM/
PM
_________________
Tap/
Bottled
Yes/
No
Home/
Work
Other
_____________
______
Hot/
Cold
___
:
___
AM/
PM
_________________
Tap/
Bottled
Yes/
No
Home/
Work
Other
_____________
______
Hot/
Cold
___
:
___
AM/
PM
_________________
Tap/
Bottled
Yes/
No
Home/
Work
Other
_____________
______
Hot/
Cold
36
Part
II:
Bathing/
Showering
Habits
Was
the
#
Min.
Spent
Amount
of
Bath/
Shower
Was
the
Window
or
with
Door
Shut
Body
Time
Bath/
Shower
Location
Duration
(
min.)
Fan
On?
Door
Open?
Before
After
Immersed
___
:
___
AM/
PM
Bath/
Shower
Home/
Work
Other___________
______
Yes/
No
Window/

Door/
Both
______
______
>
1/
2
1/
2
1/
4
___
:
___
AM/
PM
Bath/
Shower
Home/
Work
Other___________
______
Yes/
No
Window/

Door/
Both
______
______
>
1/
2
1/
2
1/
4
___
:
___
AM/
PM
Bath/
Shower
Home/
Work
Other___________
______
Yes/
No
Window/

Door/
Both
______
______
>
1/
2
1/
2
1/
4
___
:
___
AM/
PM
Bath/
Shower
Home/
Work
Other___________
______
Yes/
No
Window/

Door/
Both
______
______
>
1/
2
1/
2
1/
4
Part
III:
Swimming
Pool/
Hot
Tub/
Jacuzzi
Use
Type
of
Pool/

Time
Location
Type
of
Activity
Hot
Tub/
Jacuzzi
Duration
(
minutes)

___
:
___
AM/
PM
___________
Swimming/

Hot
Tub
or
Jacuzzi
Indoor/
Outdoor
______

___
:
___
AM/
PM
___________
Swimming/

Hot
Tub
or
Jacuzzi
Indoor/
Outdoor
______

___
:
___
AM/
PM
___________
Swimming/

Hot
Tub
or
Jacuzzi
Indoor/
Outdoor
______

Part
IV:
Other
Water­
Related
Activities
Total
Duration
Activity
Number
of
Times
(
minutes)
Gloves
Used?

Bathing
Children
____________
__________
Yes/
No
Hand
Dishwashing
____________
__________
Yes/
No
Hand
Clotheswashing
____________
__________
Yes/
No
Other
______________
____________
__________
Yes/
No
Time
survey
completed:
__
__
:
__
__
A.
M.
P.
M.
[
circle
one]
March
4,
2002
37
ATTACHMENT
2:

Telephone
Questionnaire
March
4,
2002
38
OMB
Control
No:
2080­
XXXX
Expiration
date
xx/
xx/
xx
Dear
Study
Participant:

Thank
you
agreeing
to
participate
in
the
Right
From
the
Start
Study.
This
project
is
funded
by
the
American
Water
Works
Association
Research
Foundation
and
will
examine
the
impact
of
different
behaviors
and
exposures
on
reproductive
health.
The
current
survey
focuses
on
water
usage
and
is
part
of
a
cooperative
agreement
between
the
University
of
North
Carolina
and
the
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
CR828455­
01).
We
will
provide
instructions
for
completion
of
this
telephone
questionnaire
before
we
begin
and
a
$
10
check
will
be
mailed
to
you
following
its
completion.
The
public
reporting
and
recordkeeping
burden
for
this
one­
time
collection
is
estimated
to
average
15
minutes.
Burden
means
the
total
time,
effort,
or
financial
resources
expended
by
persons
to
generate,
maintain,
retain,
or
disclose
or
provide
information
to
or
for
a
Federal
agency.
This
includes
the
time
needed
to
review
instructions;
develop,
acquire,
install,
and
utilize
technology
and
systems
for
the
purposes
of
collecting,
validating,
and
verifying
information,
processing
and
maintaining
information,
and
disclosing
and
providing
information;
adjust
the
existing
ways
to
comply
with
any
previously
applicable
instructions
and
requirements;
train
personnel
to
be
able
to
respond
to
a
collection
of
information;
search
data
sources;
complete
and
review
the
collection
of
information;
and
transmit
or
otherwise
disclose
the
information.
An
agency
may
not
conduct
or
sponsor,
and
a
person
is
not
required
to
respond
to,
a
collection
of
information
unless
it
displays
a
currently
valid
OMB
control
number.
You
can
send
comments
on
the
Agency's
need
for
this
information,
the
accuracy
of
the
provided
burden
estimates,
and
any
suggested
methods
for
minimizing
respondent
burden,
including
through
the
use
of
automated
collection
techniques
to
the
Director,
Collection
Strategies
Division,
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
2822T),
1200
Pennsylvania
Ave.,
NW,
Washington,
D.
C.
20460.
Include
the
OMB
control
number
in
any
correspondence.
Please
remember
that
participation
in
this
survey
is
voluntary
and
all
information
you
provide
is
strictly
confidential.
No
information
provided
to
us
will
be
linked
to
you
specifically
because
answers
from
all
women
who
participate
in
the
study,
up
to
3000
women,
will
be
pooled
together.
In
addition,
your
name
will
never
be
used
in
any
report
about
the
study.
If
at
any
time
you
have
any
questions
or
concerns,
please
do
not
hesitate
to
contact
the
study
staff
at
Right
From
the
Start.
The
toll­
free
telephone
number
is
1­
866­
346­
2684.

Thank
you,

Dr.
David
Savitz
The
University
of
North
Carolina
Department
of
Epidemiology
School
of
Public
Health­
CB#
7435
Chapel
Hill
North
Carolina
27599­
7400
Right
from
the
Start
Water
Usage
Questionnaire
(
Reliability
Component)

Department
of
Epidemiology
Department
of
Environmental
Sciences
and
Engineering
School
of
Public
Health
The
University
of
North
Carolina
CB#
7400
Chapel
Hill
North
Carolina
27599­
7400
This
project
is
funded
by
the
American
Water
Works
Association
Research
Foundation.
For
more
information,
contact
the
principal
investigator,
Dr.
David
Savitz,
919­
966­
7427,
or
the
project
director,
Christina
Makarushka,
919­
966­
6649,
both
at
the
University
of
North
Carolina
School
of
Public
Health,
Department
of
Epidemiology.

June
22,
2001
Table
of
contents
Section
A
Preliminary
information
and
introduction
to
the
study
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
Introduction
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
1
Section
B
Water
exposure
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
3
Total
cold
tap
water
use[
home
and
work]
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
Total
hot
tap
water
use[
home
and
work]
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
4
Cold
tap
water
use
at
work
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
Hot
tap
water
use
at
work
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
5
Cold
tap
water
use
at
home
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6
Hot
tap
water
use
at
home
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
6
Bottled
water
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
7
Filtering
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
8
Showering
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
Bathing
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
10
Children
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11
Dishes
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11
Clothes
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12
Swimming
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
12
Hot
tub
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
13
Section
C
Closing
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
14
Interviewer
Remarks
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
15
Section
A:
Introduction
Section
A
Study
Introduction
A1.
Participant
ID:
_____________________

A2.
Interviewer
ID:
_____________________

A3.
Date
of
interview:
month:
_____
day:
_____
year:
_____

A4.
Time
interview
started:
__
__
:
__
__
A.
M.
P.
M.
[
circle
one]

Introduction
Hello,
my
name
is
[_____________].
May
I
speak
with
[_____________]?
I'm
calling
from
Right
from
the
Start.

If
she
is
not
there:
Ask
for
a
time
when
you
can
call
back.
Day__________
Time____________

I'm
calling
to
complete
the
follow­
up
telephone
interview
for
the
Right
from
the
Start
study
and
as
part
of
a
cooperative
agreement
between
the
University
of
North
Carolina
and
the
Environmental
Protection
Agency.
This
interview
will
take
about
15
minutes.
We
will
mail
you
a
check
for
$
10
for
completing
this
interview.
Do
you
have
time
right
now?

If
yes:
[
Continue
with
interview.]
We
really
appreciate
your
willingness
to
help
even
though
this
may
be
difficult
for
you
to
do.
If
no:
Ask
for
a
better
time
to
call
back
in
the
next
few
days.
Day__________
Time____________

A5.
Before
we
start,
I
would
like
to
confirm
your
date
of
birth
to
make
sure
I
have
the
correct
record.
What
is
it?
_______________
DOB
[
does
it
match
the
DOB
from
the
screening
interview?]
Section
A:
Introduction
[
When
she
is
ready
to
begin]
I'd
also
like
to
remind
you
that:
(
e)
Everything
you
tell
me
is
confidential
and
participation
in
this
questionnaire
is
strictly
voluntary.
(
f)
No
information
you
give
us
will
be
linked
to
you
specifically
because
answers
from
all
women
who
participate
in
the
study
will
be
pooled
together.
Your
name
will
never
be
used
in
any
report
about
the
study.
(
g)
If
at
any
time
you
don't
understand
a
question,
please
let
me
know
and
I'll
try
to
make
it
clearer.
(
h)
There
are
no
right
or
wrong
answers,
we're
really
interested
in
what
you've
experienced.
(
i)
You
don't
have
to
answer
any
question
you
feel
uncomfortable
answering,
but
we
hope
that
you
will
feel
comfortable
answering
all
our
questions.
(
j)
My
supervisor
may
listen
to
this
interview
to
make
sure
I'm
doing
the
best
job
possible.

A6.
Do
you
have
any
questions
for
me
at
this
point?

If
yes:
Answer
the
questions
or
if
you
cannot
answer
her
questions,
refer
her
to
Right
from
the
Start's
toll­
free
telephone
number
1­
866­
346­
2684.
If
no:
Continue
Section
B:
Water
exposure
Section
B
Water
exposure
The
next
set
of
questions
is
about
your
use
of
water
for
drinking,
cooking,
cleaning,
showering
and
swimming.
Water
use
in
pregnancy
and
its
effect
on
pregnancy
has
not
yet
been
studied
thoroughly.
I'm
first
going
to
ask
about
the
places
you
have
lived
since
your
first
interview
on
______
[
date].

B1a.
Do
you
currently
live
at
[
address
from
screening
interview]?
yes

skip
to
B2.
no
don't
know/
refused
B1b.
Please
tell
me
the
street
address,
city
and
state
[
where
you
currently
live/
of
your
next
most
recent
residence].
[
If
she
doesn't
give
us
her
address,
we
will
not
be
able
to
mail
her
check
to
her.]
Don't
know
B1c.
Would
you
tell
me
the
city
you
currently
live
in?
B2.
Have
you
lived
at
this
residence
for
more
than
4
months?
Yes

skip
to
B7a.
if
B1a
is
yes,
otherwise,
continue
with
B4.
No
B3.
When
did
you
move
to
this
address?
month/
day/
year
B4.
[
Is/
was]
the
source
of
your
tap
water
at
___________
[
street
address],
that
is
the
water
that
comes
out
of
your
faucets,
from
a
private
well
or
from
the
public
water
supplier
[
your
town
or
city]?
If
B2
=
yes,

B6.
B5.
How
many
addresses
other
than
your
current
address
have
you
lived
at
since
[
date
4
months
ago]?
[
only
her
primary
residences
ie.
where
she
spends
most
of
her
time.
No
vacation
spots
unless
she
spends
a
part
of
the
year
at
this
residence
at
which
time
it
is
her
primary
residence.]
_______
#
addresses
Ask
B1b,
B3,
and
B4
for
each
additional
address
where
the
woman
has
lived
in
the
last
4
months.
Residence
#
1
Residence
#
2
Residence
#
3
B1a.
yes

skip
to
B2.
No
B1b.
Add
ress
Street:
Apt.
or
lot#.
City,
State,
Zip
code
Street:
Apt.
or
lot#.
City,
State,
Zip
code
Street:
Apt.
or
lot#.
City,
State,
Zip
code
B2.
Yes

B4.
if
B1a.
=
no
Yes

B6.
if
B1a
=
yes
No
yes
no
yes
no
B3.
_
_
/_
_/_
_
mm/
dy/
yr
_
_
/_
_/_
_
mm/
dy/
yr
_
_
/_
_/_
_
mm/
dy/
yr
B4.
private
well
city/
town
private
well
city/
town
private
well
city/
town
Section
B:
Water
exposure
B6.
Was
this
past
week
a
typical
week
for
you,
meaning
that
you
weren't
on
vacation
or
there
wasn't
anything
unusual
that
would
affect
your
water
use?
[
auto
fill
from
Ca.,
if
no
just
remind
respondent
to
think
of
a
typical
week
and
if
yes
skip
this
question]
Yes

For
the
following
questions
about
water
use,
please
think
about
what
you
drank
over
the
past
week
when
answering
what
you
typically
drink
in
a
day.
No

A
quick
reminder,
since
last
week
was
not
typical
for
you,
for
all
the
following
questions
please
think
about
a
week
that
you
would
consider
a
typical
week
for
you.

Total
cold
tap
water
use[
home
and
work]
Now,
I'm
going
to
ask
you
questions
about
how
much
cold
tap
water
you
typically
drink
each
day.
For
these
questions,
include
both
filtered
and
unfiltered
water,
from
your
home
and
work
place
[
if
she
works].
Also
include
all
cold
drinks
made
from
that
tap
water
such
as
powdered
drinks.
Do
not
include
bottled
or
canned
drinks.
[
interviewer
notes:
include
water
from
the
tap,
refrigerator
spigot
or
refrigerated
water
fountain.
Cold
drinks
include
instant
iced
tea
but
not
brewed,
and
drinks
from
concentrate.
No
bottled
water,
no
sodas,
no
canned
or
bottled
juices.
Hot
water
from
the
tap
or
from
a
hot
shot
should
be
included
in
the
`
cold
water'
drinks.]

B7a.
How
many
glasses
of
tap
water,
including
cold
drinks
made
with
tap
water,
do
you
usually
drink
per
day?
__
#
of
glasses
per
day

if
0
skip
to
B8a.

__<
1
per
day

B8a.

Don't
know/
refused

to
B8a
B7b.
Are
those
glasses
usually
small
like
a
juice
glass,
about
4­
10oz;
medium
like
a
water
glass,
about
12­
20;
or
large
like
a
giant
size
drink
at
the
movies/
Fast
food,
about
22­
34oz?
Sm
Med
Lg
Other:
__________

Don't
know/
refused
Total
hot
tap
water
use[
home
and
work]
Next,
I'm
going
to
ask
you
questions
about
how
many
hot
drinks
made
with
tap
water
you
typically
drink
each
day.
For
these
questions,
include
drinks
made
with
tap
water
from
your
home
and
your
work
[
if
she
works].
[
Hot
water
means
that
she
boiled
the
water
on
the
stove
or
in
a
microwave
to
get
it
hot.
Hot
water
from
the
tap
or
from
a
hot
shot
should
be
included
in
the
`
cold
water'
drinks.]

B8a.
How
many
cups
of
hot
drinks
made
from
tap
water,
such
as
coffee,
tea
including
brewed
iced
tea,
hot
chocolate
or
cup­
a­
soups,
do
you
usually
drink
per
day?
___
#
of
cups
per
day

if
0
skip
to
B9a.

__<
1
per
day

B9a.

DK/
refused

to
B9a.
Section
B:
Water
exposure
B8b.
Are
those
cups
usually
small
like
a
tea
cup,
about
4­
10
oz;
medium
like
a
coffee
mug,
about
12­
14oz;
or
large
like
an
travel
mug
or
oversized
coffee
mug,
about
16­
24oz?
Sm
Med
Lg
Other:
specify
_______

don't
know/
refused
Cold
tap
water
use
at
work
Now,
I'm
going
to
ask
you
questions
about
how
much
cold
tap
water
you
typically
drink
each
day
at
work.
For
these
questions,
include
both
filtered
and
unfiltered
water,
from
your
work
place.
Also
include
all
cold
drinks
made
from
that
tap
water
such
as
powdered
drinks.
Do
not
include
bottled
or
canned
drinks.
[
interviewer
notes:
include
water
from
the
tap,
refrigerator
spigot
or
refrigerated
water
fountain.
Cold
drinks
include
instant
iced
tea
but
not
brewed,
and
drinks
from
concentrate.
No
bottled
water,
no
sodas,
no
canned
or
bottled
juices.
Hot
water
from
the
tap
or
from
a
hot
shot
should
be
included
in
the
`
cold
water'
drinks.]

B9a.
How
many
glasses
of
water
from
your
office
tap
do
you
usually
drink
per
day?
__
#
of
glasses
per
day

if
0
skip
to
B10a.

__<
1
per
day

B10a.

OK/
refused

to
B10a.

B9b.
Are
those
glasses
usually
small
like
a
juice
glass,
about
4­
10oz;
medium
like
a
water
glass,
about
12­
20;
or
large
like
a
giant
size
drink
at
the
movies/
Fast
food,
about
22­
34oz?
Sm
Med
Lg
Other:
specify
_____

Don't
know/
refused
Hot
tap
water
use
at
work
Next
I'm
going
to
ask
you
questions
about
how
many
hot
drinks
made
with
tap
water
from
work
you
typically
drink
per
day.
[
Hot
water
means
that
she
boiled
the
water
on
the
stove
or
in
a
microwave
to
get
it
hot.
Hot
water
from
the
tap
or
from
a
hot
shot
should
be
included
in
the
`
cold
water'
drinks.
Include
both
filtered
and
unfiltered
tap
water.]

B10a.
How
many
cups
of
hot
drinks
made
from
office
tap
water,
such
as
coffee,
tea
including
brewed
iced
tea,
hot
chocolate
or
cup­
asoups
do
you
usually
drink
per
day?
___
#
of
cups
per
day

if
0
skip
to
B11a.

__<
1
per
day

B11a.

DK/
refused

to
B11a.
Section
B:
Water
exposure
B10b.
Are
those
cups
usually
small
like
a
tea
cup,
about
4­
10
oz;
medium
like
a
coffee
mug,
about
12­
14oz;
or
large
like
an
travel
mug
or
oversized
coffee
mug,
about
16­
24oz?
Sm
Med
Lg
Other:
specify
_______

don't
know/
refused
Cold
tap
water
use
at
home
Now,
I'm
going
to
ask
you
questions
about
how
much
cold
tap
water
you
typically
drink
per
day
at
home.
For
these
questions,
include
both
filtered
and
unfiltered
water.
Also
include
all
cold
drinks
made
from
that
tap
water
such
as
powdered
drinks.
If
you
bring
tap
water
from
home
to
work,
or
other
places,
also
include
that
water.
Do
not
include
bottled
or
canned
drinks.
[
interviewer
notes:
include
water
from
the
tap,
refrigerator
spigot
or
refrigerated
water
fountain.
Cold
drinks
include
instant
iced
tea
but
not
brewed,
and
drinks
from
concentrate.
No
bottled
water,
no
sodas,
no
canned
or
bottled
juices.
Hot
water
from
the
tap
or
from
a
hot
shot
should
be
included
in
the
`
cold
water'
drinks.]

B11a.
How
many
glasses
of
water
from
your
home
tap
do
you
usually
drink
per
day?
__
#
of
glasses
per
day

if
0
skip
to
B12a.

__<
1
per
day

B12a.

DK/
refused

to
B12a.

B11b.
Are
those
glasses
usually
small
like
a
juice
glass,
about
4­
10oz;
medium
like
a
water
glass,
about
12­
20;
or
large
like
a
giant
size
drink
at
the
movies/
Fast
food,
about
22­
34oz?
Sm
Med
Lg
Other:
specify
______

Don't
know/
refused
Hot
tap
water
use
at
home
The
next
questions
I'm
going
to
ask
are
about
hot
drinks
made
with
home
tap
water.
[
Hot
water
means
that
she
boiled
the
water
on
the
stove
or
in
a
microwave
to
get
it
hot.
Hot
water
from
the
tap
or
from
a
hot
shot
should
be
included
in
the
`
cold
water'
drinks.
Include
both
filtered
and
unfiltered
tap
water.]

B12a.
How
many
cups
of
hot
drinks
made
from
home
tap
water,
such
as
coffee,
tea
including
brewed
iced
tea,
hot
chocolate
or
cup­
asoups
do
you
usually
drink
per
day?
___
#
of
cups
per
day

if
0
skip
to
B13a.

__<
1
per
day

B13a
DK/
refused

to
B13a.
Section
B:
Water
exposure
B12b.
Are
those
cups
usually
small
like
a
tea
cup,
about
4­
10
oz;
medium
like
a
coffee
mug,
about
12­
14oz;
or
large
like
an
travel
mug
or
oversized
coffee
mug,
about
16­
24oz?
Sm
Med
Lg
Other:
specify
_______

don't
know/
refused
Bottled
water
Now
I'm
going
to
ask
you
some
questions
about
your
bottled
water
use.
Try
to
answer
the
following
questions
as
closely
to
what
you
usually
or
typically
drink
per
day.
Bottled
water
includes
water
that
you
purchase
in
bottles
or
plastic
jugs
and
that
you
get
from
any
water
cooler,
but
not
from
a
water
fountain.
Bottled
water
can
include
spring
water,
mineral
water,
distilled
water,
or
sparkling
water
such
as
Quibell,
Poland
Spring,
Perrier,
Calistoga,
some
is
flavored.
Do
not
include
tonic
water,
club
soda,
soda
water,
seltzer
or
caffeinated
water
about
which
we
already
asked
you
earlier.

She
should
include
Vitamin
water
and
Fruit
flavored
water
(
distilled
water
with
citric
acid,
flavors
and
electrolytes).
Seltzer
is
different
from
sparkling
water.
Sparkling
water
is
usually
made
with
spring
water
whereas
seltzer
is
usually
made
with
tap
water]

B13a.
Currently,
how
much
of
all
the
water
you
drink
is
bottled
water,
including
water
used
for
hot
and
cold
drinks?
Is
it
all
or
nearly
all,
most,
some,
very
little
or
none
of
the
water?
All
or
nearly
all
Most
Some

skip
to
B14.
Very
little

skip
to
B14.
none

skip
to
B14.
don't
know/
refused

skip
to
B14.

[
if
woman
says
she
drinks
bottles
of
water
rather
than
glasses,
in
Q14b.
ask
her
the
number
of
bottles
and
in
Q14c.
ask
her
the
size
of
the
bottle]

B13b.
How
many
glasses
of
bottled
water
do
you
usually
drink
per
day?
____
#
of
glasses
per
day

if
0
skip
to
B14.

____<
1
per
day

skip
to
B14.

Don't
know/
refused
B13c
Are
those
glasses
usually
small
like
a
juice
glass,
about
4­
10oz;
medium
like
a
water
glass,
about
12­
20;
or
large
like
a
giant
size
drink
at
the
movies/
Fast
food,
about
22­
34oz?

OR
for
Bottles:
Sm
Med
Lg
Other:
specify
__________

or
Section
B:
Water
exposure
A
small
bottle,
about
8­
12
oz;
a
medium
bottle,
about
14­
24oz.
and
a
large
bottle
is
26­
34oz.
small
bottle
[
8­
12]

medium
[
14­
24]

large
bottle
[
26­
34]

Other:
specify
____________

B13d.
What
is
the
primary
brand
of
bottled
water
that
you
usually
drink?
[
note
brand
name]

Brand
name
______


Name
of
store
____
[
if
filling
bottle
at
store]


No
specific
brand

Don't
know/
refused
Filtering
[
Ask
B14­
B19a.
for
each
residence
in
which
she
has
lived
during
the
past
4
months,
one
residence
at
a
time]

B14.
Do
you,
in
any
way,
filter
any
of
your
tap
water
at
___________
[
street
address]?
yes
no

skip
to
B20a.
don't
know/
refused
B15.
Is
the
water
filtering
system
at
___________
[
street
address],
for
the
entire
house
or
at
specific
locations
such
as
a
faucet,
showerhead,
or
a
pitcher?
entire
house
Specific
locations

skip
to
B17a.

B16.
What
is
the
brand
name
of
the
filter
you
used
for
the
entire
house?
______________________
brand
name

skip
to
B20a.

B17a.
Do
you
have
a
filter
on
your
showerhead?
yes
no

skip
to
D18a.
don't
know/
refused

skip
to
B18a
B17b.
What
is
the
brand
name
of
the
filter
on
the
showerhead?
__________________________

B17c.
How
often
do
you
replace
the
filter?
____#
times
per
month
/
year
B18a.
How
much
of
the
tap
water
you
drink
at
_________
[
street
address]
is
filtered,
including
water
used
for
hot
and
cold
drinks?
Is
it
_________
[
read
choices]?
All
or
nearly
all
Most
Some

skip
to
B19a.
Very
little

skip
to
B19a.
none

skip
to
B19a.
don't
know/
refused

skip
to
B19a.
Section
B:
Water
exposure
B18b.
Is
the
filter
you
used
for
the
water
you
drink
at
home,
at
the
faucet,
part
of
the
refrigerator,
or
a
filtering
pitcher
such
as
Brita
or
PUR?
[
mark
all
that
apply]

B18c.
What
brand
is
the
filter
on
the
_____________?
[
check
spelling
of
brand
name]

B18d.
How
often
do
you
replace
the
filter
in
the
__________?
[
if
never
code
0]

brand
name
replacement

faucet

refrigerator

pitcher

other

don't
know
/
refused
_____________
brand
name
_____________
brand
name
_____________
brand
name
_____________
brand
name
____#
times
per
month
/
year
____#
times
per
month
/
year
____#
times
per
month
/
year
____#
times
per
month
/
year
B19a.
How
much
of
the
tap
water
you
used
for
cooking
at
________
[
street
address]
is
filtered?
Is
it
______
[
read
choices]?
All
or
nearly
all
Most
Some
Very
little
none
don't
know/
refused
[
Ask
B14­
B19a.
for
each
of
the
residences
before
continuing
with
B20a.]

B20a.
How
much
of
the
tap
water
you
drink
outside
your
home
is
filtered,
including
water
used
for
hot
and
cold
drinks?
Is
it
___
[
read
choices]?
[
interviewer
note:
`
outside
home'
would
include
any
place
where
she
drinks
a
significant
amount
of
her
water
such
as
at
work,
restaurants,
friend's
home.]


All
or
nearly
all

Most

Some

skip
to
B21.
if
B14
is
yes;
if
B14
is
no
skip
to
B22a.


Very
little

skip
to
B21.
if
B14
is
yes;
if
B14
is
no
skip
to
B22a.


None

skip
to
B21.
if
B14
is
yes;
if
B14
is
no
skip
to
B22a.


don't
know/
refused

skip
to
B21.
if
B14
is
yes;
if
B15
is
no
skip
to
B22a.

B20b.
Is
the
filter
you
used
for
the
tap
water
you
drink
outside
your
home,
at
the
faucet,
part
of
a
refrigerator,
or
a
filtering
pitcher
such
as
Brita
or
PUR?
[
mark
all
that
apply]

B20c.
What
brand
is
the
filter
in
the
_________?
[
only
ask
for
pitcher
or
other]
Section
B:
Water
exposure
B20d.
How
often
do
you
replace
the
filter
in
the
______?
[
only
ask
for
pitcher
or
other]

brand
name
replacement

faucet

refrigerator

pitcher

other

don't
know
/
refused
____________
brand
name
____________
brand
name
____#
times
per
month
/
year
____#
times
per
month
/
year
B21.
Thinking
about
the
filters
you
use
both
at
home
and
outside
your
home,
when
replacing
any
of
these
filters,
how
do
you
decide
when
to
replace
it?
Is
it
_________
[
read
choices,
mark
all
that
apply]?


based
on
manufacturer
recommendations

when
the
water
begins
to
taste
bad

when
you
remember

other
[
specify]
______________

Now
I'm
going
to
ask
you
about
other
uses
of
water
in
your
home
such
as
for
showering,
bathing,
bathing
children,
and
washing
dishes
and
clothes.
Again,
think
about
what
you
do
in
a
typical
week.

Showering
B22a.
How
often
do
you
shower
at
home?
____
times
per
day/
week/
month
[
If
<
2x
per
week,
skip
to
B23a.
]
____
<
1x
month

skip
to
B23a.

B22b.
How
many
minutes
do
you
usually
spend
actually
in
the
shower?
________
#
minutes
B22c.
How
many
minutes
do
you
usually
spend
in
the
bathroom
with
the
door
closed
while
the
shower
is
running
before
getting
in?
_________
#
minutes
B22d.
How
many
minutes
do
you
usually
spend
in
the
bathroom
with
the
door
closed
after
you'd
showered?
_________#
minutes
Bathing
B23a.
How
often
do
you
take
a
bath
at
home,
not
including
showers?
[
interviewer
note:
include
if
she
takes
a
bath
with
her
children]
___
times
per
day/
week/
month
[
if
<
2x
per
week,
skip
to
B24a.]
___
<
1x
month

skip
to
B24a.
Section
B:
Water
exposure
B23b.
When
you
took
a
bath,
how
full
was
the
tub:
¼
,
½
,
¾
,
or
completely
full?
[
refers
to
how
submerged
she
is]
¼
½
¾
full
B23c.
How
many
minutes
do
you
usually
spend
in
the
tub?
_____
#
minutes
B23d.
How
many
minutes
do
you
usually
spend
in
the
bathroom
with
the
door
closed
while
the
bathtub
is
filling
up
before
getting
in?
______
#
minutes
B23e.
How
many
minutes
do
you
usually
spend
in
the
bathroom
with
the
door
closed
after
you'd
bathed?
_____
#
minutes
Children
B24a.
At
home,
how
often
do
you
bathe
infants
or
small
children,
those
too
young
to
leave
alone
in
the
bath
tub?
[
do
not
include
times
when
she
takes
a
bath
with
her
children,
this
should
be
included
in
B23a]
______
#
times
per
day
/
per
week
/
per
month
[
if
<
2
bath
per
week
skip
to
B25a.]
___
<
1x
month
[
if
<
2
bath
per
week
skip
to
B25a.]

B24b.
How
many
minutes
per
bath
do
you
usually
spend
bathing
children?
____
minutes
per
bath
B24c.
How
many
minutes
do
you
usually
spend
in
the
bathroom
with
the
door
closed
while
the
bath
is
filling
before
you
bathe
children?
________
#
minutes
B24d.
How
many
minutes
do
you
usually
spend
in
the
bathroom
with
the
door
closed
after
you'd
bathed
children?
________
#
minutes
Dishes
B25a.
How
often
do
you
typically
rinse
or
wash
dishes
by
hand?
_____
#
times
per
day
/
week
/
month
[
if
less
than
twice
per
week

Skip
to
B26a.]
___
<
1x
month
[
if
less
than
twice
per
week

Skip
to
B26a.]

B25b.
How
much
time
do
you
usually
spend
on
each
occasion
rinsing
or
washing
dishes
by
hand?
_______
#
minutes
/
hours
per
occasion
Section
B:
Water
exposure
B25c.
How
often
do
you
use
gloves
when
washing
the
dishes,
all
of
the
time,
most
of
the
time,
some
of
the
time,
or
very
rarely?


All
the
time

Most
of
the
time

Some
of
the
time

Rarely
or
never

Refused/
Don't
know
Clothes
B26a.
How
often
do
you
wash
clothing
by
hand
instead
of
machine?
____
#
times
per
week
/
month
/
never
[
if
<
2x
per
week

skip
to
Section
C]
___
<
1x
month
[
if
<
2x
per
week

skip
to
Section
C]

B26b.
How
much
time
do
you
usually
spend
each
time
you
wash
clothes
by
hand?
____
#
minutes
/
hours
per
occasion
B26c.
How
often
do
you
use
gloves
when
washing
clothing
by
hand,
all
of
the
time,
most
of
the
time,
some
of
the
time,
or
very
rarely?


All
the
time

Most
of
the
time

Some
of
the
time

Rarely
or
never

Don't'
know/
refused
Now
I'm
going
to
ask
you
about
other
water­
related
activities
outside
of
the
home
such
as
swimming
and
hot
tub/
jacuzzi
usage.
Again,
think
about
what
you
do
in
a
typical
week.

Time
in
the
pool
The
following
questions
are
about
the
time
you
spent
in
the
water
at
either
an
indoor
or
outdoor
swimming
pool.
Think
about
the
time
you
were
swimming,
doing
water
aerobics,
playing
with
children
or
any
other
activity
that
was
in
the
water.
Please
do
not
include
time
you
spent
out
of
the
water
at
pools.

B27a.
Currently,
how
often
do
you
spend
any
time
in
the
water
at
an
indoor
or
outdoor
pool,
including
while
swimming,
doing
water
aerobics
or
other
exercise,
or
playing
with
children?
______
#
times
per
day
/
per
week
/
per
month
[
if
less
than
1x
per
week

skip
to
B28a.]

B27b.
How
long
do
you
usually
spend
in
the
water
each
time
you
go
to
the
pool?
_____
#
minutes
_______
#
hours
B27c.
Pools
can
be
disinfected
in
many
ways.
Is
the
water
in
the
pool
you
use
most
often
disinfected
with
chlorine?
Yes
No
Don't
know/
refused
Time
at
an
indoor
pool
Section
B:
Water
exposure
The
next
few
questions
are
about
time
you
spent
out
of
the
water
at
an
indoor
pool
only.

B28a.
Currently,
how
often
do
you
spend
time
at
the
indoor
pool
when
you
are
not
in
the
water
such
as
while
watching
children
swim?
____
times
per
day/
week/
month
[
if
less
than
1x
per
week

skip
to
B29a.]

B28b.
How
long
do
you
usually
stay
at
the
indoor
pool
each
time
you
go?
_____
#
minutes
_______
#
hours
B28c.
Pools
can
be
disinfected
in
many
ways.
Is
the
water
in
the
pool
you
use
most
often
disinfected
with
chlorine?
Yes
No
Don't
know/
refused
Hot
tub/
Jacuzzi
B29a.
Currently,
how
often
do
you
spend
any
time
in
a
hot
tub
or
Jacuzzi?
____
#
times
per
day/
week/
month
[
if
less
than
2
times
per
week
skip
to
C1a.]

B29b.
How
long
do
you
usually
stay
in
the
hot
tub
or
Jacuzzi
each
time
you
use
one?
_____
#
minutes
/
#
hours
per
occasion
B29c.
Hot
tubs
and
Jacuzzis
can
be
disinfected
in
many
ways.
Is/
was
the
water
in
the
hot
tub
or
Jacuzzi
you
use/
used
most
often
disinfected
with
chlorine?
Yes
No
Don't
know/
refused
Section
C:
Closing
Section
C
Closing
C1a.
We
will
be
mailing
you
$
10
for
completing
this
interview.
I
need
to
verify
your
current
mailing
address.
Do
you
receive
mail
at
[
get
address
from
the
screening
interview
data]?
Yes

to
C3.
No
C1b.
What
is
the
correct
mailing
address?
street,
city,
state,
zip
code
C2.
I
also
need
to
verify
we
have
your
correct
SS#
so
that
we
can
mail
you
the
check.
Is
your
SS#
_________?
[
from
screening
interview]
Yes

skip
to
C3.
No
Don't
know/
refused
C2b.
What
is
the
correct
number?
______________

C2c.
[
If
we
didn't
get
a
number
in
the
screening]
We
use
a
social
security
number
for
administrative
purposes
and
do
not
disclose
it
for
any
reason.
Would
you
give
me
your
social
security
number,
please?
Yes:
________________
SS#
No
Don't
know/
refused
C3.
In
closing,
we
would
like
to
sincerely
thank
you
for
your
time
and
effort.
Your
contribution
to
this
important
study
will
help
us
greatly
in
our
efforts
to
better
understand
the
factors
that
influence
the
health
of
early
pregnancy.
We
hope
you
will
contact
us
again
if
you
decide
to
get
pregnant
in
the
future.
To
remind
you,
we
mail
free
pregnancy
tests,
as
needed,
for
up
to
six
months
while
you're
trying
to
get
pregnant.

Thank
you!

C4a.
MARK
END
TIME
Time
interview
completed:
_
_:
_
_

C4b.
Approximate
duration
of
interview
[
in
minutes]:
__________
total
minutes
C5.
Number
of
sessions
required
to
complete
this
interview.
[
circle
one]
1
2
3
or
more
Interviewer
Remarks
C6.
The
overall
quality
of
this
interview
was

High:
Woman
was
absolutely
certain
about
all
the
information,
was
clear
about
all
the
various
behaviors,
dates,
and
so
forth

Generally
reliable:
Woman
was
engaged,
responded
to
all
questions
but
hesitated
on
some
answers.
Needed
to
think
through
dates,
etc...


Questionable:
woman
didn't
understand
some
of
the
questions,
was
not
paying
attention
to
part
of
the
interview,
or
was
distracted.


Unsatisfactory:
the
woman
appeared
to
be
making
up
most
of
the
answers,
or
she
couldn't
understand
most
of
the
questions,
or
was
not
paying
attention
to
most
of
the
interview.

C7.
Did
some
other
person
contribute
to
the
woman's
answers?
Yes
No
Who
was
it?
___________________________

C8.
[
Skip
if
C6.
was
high
or
generally
reliable]
The
main
reason
for
the
questionable
or
unsatisfactory
quality
of
the
interview
was
because
the
respondent:
[
mark
all
that
apply]


Didn't
know
enough
info
regarding
the
topic

Did
not
want
to
be
specific

Sounded
bored
or
uninterested

Sounded
upset,
depressed,
angry

Had
poor
hearing
or
speech

Sounded
distracted
or
confused

Frequent
interruptions

Sounded
embarrassed
by
the
subject

Sounded
emotionally
unstable

Sounded
physically
ill

Not
comfortable
with
the
language
of
the
questionnaire

Doesn't
have
time

Felt
interview
was
too
long

Other:
_________________________

Other
comments
you
have
which
may
affect
the
interpretation
of
the
respondent's
answers.
