OECD
HPV
FORM
Summary
of
Responses
to
the
OECD
Request
for
Available
Data
on
HVP
Chemicals
0.
General
Information
Name
of
Sponsor
country
United
States
of
America
Contact
point
(
name,
address,
telephone
and
telefax)

Name
of
Lead
organisation
1.
Chemical
Identity
*
1.1
CAS
number
123­
38­
6
*
1.2
Name
(
give
the
name
supplied
by
the
OECD)

Propionaldehyde
1.3
Common
Synonyms
Propanal
Propylaldehyde
Propyl
Aldehyde
Methylacetaldehyde
Propionic
Aldehyde
Propyic
Aldehyde
UN
1275
OHS19740
1.4
Empirical
formula
C3H6O
O
*
1.5
Structural
formula
CH3­
CH2­
CH
1.6
Purity
of
industrial
product
1.6.1
Degree
of
purity
(
percentage
by
weight/
volume)

1.6.2
Identify
of
major
impurities
1.6.3
Essential
additives
(
stabilizing
agents,
inhibitors,
other
additives),
if
applicable
2
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
2
.
Physical­
Chemical
Data
*
2.1
Melting
or
Decomposition
Point
­
80o
Centigrade
Method
(
e.
g.
OECD,
other):

GLP:
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]

Comments:
Freezing
point
Reference:
Union
Carbide
Chemicals
and
Plastics
Co.
Solvents
&
Coatings
Materials
Division
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
2.2
Boiling
Point
(
including
temperature
of
decomposition,
if
relevant).

48oC
at
760
mm
Hg
kPa
Method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
other):

GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]

Comments:

Reference:
Union
Carbide
Chemicals
and
Plastics
Co.
Solvents
&
Coatings
Materials
Division
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
*
2.3
Vapour
pressure
258
mm
Hg
at
20oC
k
p
a
at
25oC
(
calculated)
3
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
Method
(
e.
g.
OECD,
other):

GLP
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]
Comments:

Reference:
Union
Carbide
Chemicals
and
Plastics
Co.
Solvents
&
Coatings
Materials
Division
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
2.4
Partition
coefficient
n­
Octanol/
water
log
Pow
=
0.83
at
23oC
Method:
calculated
[
X]
­
measured
[
]

GLP:
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]

Analytical
Method:

Comments
(
e.
g.,
is
the
compound
surface
active
or
dissociative?):

Reference:
Verschuern,
K.
(
1983)
Handbook
of
Environmental
Data
on
Organic
Chemicals,
2nd
Ed.,
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold,
NY.

*
2.5
Water
solubility
22%
at
20oC
Method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):

GLP:
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]

Analytical
Method:

Comments
(
e.
g.,
the
detection
limit
for
insoluble
substances):
4
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
Reference:
Union
Carbide
Chemicals
and
Plastics
Co.
Solvents
&
Coatings
Materials
Division
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
2.6
Flash
point
(
liquids)

<­
18oC
closed
cup
[
X];
<­
18oC
open
cup
[
X]

Method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
other
including
reference
to
the
standard
used):
Tag
GLP:
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]

Comments:

Reference:
Union
Carbide
Chemicals
and
Plastics
Co.
Solvents
&
Coatings
Materials
Division
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
2.7
Flammability
(
solid/
gases)

Method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):

GLP:
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]

Test
results:
Lower
Flammable
Limit
Air
2.6%
Upper
Flammable
Limit
Air
17.0%

Comments:

Reference:
Union
Carbide
Chemicals
and
Plastics
Co.
Solvents
&
Coatings
Materials
Division
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
2.8
pH
in
water
5
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
pH
7.5
at
85
mg/
l
(
water)
pKa
Method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
other):

GLP:
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]

Comments:
Initial
pH
in
Fathead
Minnow
acute
toxicity
study
References:
Waggy,
G.
T.
and
J.
R.
Payne
(
1974)
"
Environmental
Impact
Analysis
­
Acute
Aquatic
Toxicity
Testing".
Project
Report
910F44,
Union
Carbide
Corporation,
South
Charleston
Technical
Center,
South
Charleston,
WV.

2.9
Other
data
e.
g.,
relative
density,
surface
tension
(
of
aquous
solution),
fat
solubility,
explosivity,
oxidising
properties
and
particle
size
distribution
Comments:
Henrys
Law
Constant
H=
3.32
atms/
mole
fraction
(
Calculated)

References:
Fed.
Reg.
59:
78
April
2nd,
February,
1994.,
p19610
3.
Source
of
Exposure
*
3.1
Production
levels
expressed
as
tonnes
per
annum
150
to
175.
The
estimated
annual
production
of
propionaldehyde
in
the
United
States
is
in
the
order
of
275
million
pounds.
Worldwide,
it
is
estimated
that
405
million
pounds
of
this
aldehyde
are
produced
annually.

Information
on
production
levels
should
be
provided
in
ranges
(
e.
g.,
100­
1000
tonnes,
ect.)
per
responder
or
country
and
the
date
for
which
those
ranges
apply
should
be
given.

3.2
Processes
See
attached
Figure
1
Describe
sources
of
potential
human
or
environmental
exposure
including
workplace
concentrations
and
emission
data
(
in
%
release),
if
available,
for
both
manufacturing
and
user
areas.
6
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
Typically,
propionaldehyde
is
manufactured
by
the
catalytic
hydroformylation
of
ethylene
with
carbon
monoxide
and
hydrogen
(
Oxo
Process).
The
reaction
is
carried
out
under
high
pressure
in
closed
systems.
Crude
propionaldehyde
is
stripped
of
dissolved
gasses
and
heavy
residuals
by
gas
stripping
in
pressured
columns
and
stored
for
downstream
derivatives
production.
Characteristically,
propionaldehyde
production
units
are
designed
to
vent
possible
emissions
from
reactors,
columns
and
storage
tanks
to
the
plant
fuel
system.
In
addition
other
steps
are
taken
to
reduce
emissions.
Union
Carbide,
for
instance,
operates
their
"
Oxo"
unit
under
the
"
New
Source
Performance
Standards
(
NSPS)"
rule
which
requires
fugitive
emissions
monitoring
of
all
size
valves
on
a
quarterly
basis
and
all
pumps
and
compressors
on
a
monthly
basis.
In
Figure
1
a
block
diagram
of
a
typical
manufacturing
unit
is
shown.

Propionaldehyde
is
stored
in
pressured
tanks
or
tanks
equipped
with
internal
floating
roofs
in
order
to
minimize
losses
by
evaporation.
Field
storage
tanks
are
either
pressure
storage
tanks
or
blanketed
with
nitrogen
over
floating
roofs.
Propionaldehyde
inventories
are
purposely
maintained
at
the
lowest
workable
level
to
insure
quality
is
maintained.
Processes
which
use
propionaldehyde
as
a
reactive
intermediate
are
conducted
in
closed
manufacturing
systems
designed
to
prevent
exposure
of
personnel
to
the
aldehyde
and
other
potential
monomers.
Figure
2
is
a
block
diagram
illustrating
a
typical
manufacturing
and
distribution
plan.

Distribution:

For
internal
plant
uses,
propionaldehyde
typically
is
transported
by
pipeline.
We
are
not
aware
of
any
manufacturing
process
in
which
this
volatile
aldehyde
would
be
handled
in
open
containers.
Tank
cars
(
rail
cars)
and
tank
trucks
are
used
for
shipment
to
domestic
customers.
In
loading
these
transport
vehicles,
vapor
is
collected
from
the
closed
tank,
routed
to
a
vent
collection
system
and
incinerated.

Fugitive
Emissions:
7
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
In
the
United
States,
for
the
year
1990,
there
were
18
facilities
which
reported
environmental
release
information
under
provisions
of
the
Super
Fund
Amendment
Reauthorization
Act
(
SARA).
These
were
facilities
either
which
manufactured
or
processed
25,000
pounds
or
more,
or
used
more
than
10,000
pounds
of
propionaldehyde.
The
toxic
release
inventory
indicates
that
these
facilities
collectively
released
988,986
pounds
of
propionaldehyde
into
the
air
and
34,885
pounds
to
other
segments
of
the
environment.
In
1992,
TRI
reports
were
received
from
22
submitters
which
collectively
released
689,640
pounds
to
the
air
and
63949
pounds
to
other
segments
of
the
environment
representing
a
total
decrease
of
 
25%

Workplace
Monitoring:

In
typical
propionaldehyde
operations,
monitoring
is
conducted
to
assure
that
worker
exposure
is
maintained
well
within
acceptable
exposure
limits.
No
formal
exposure
standards
have
been
established
for
this
aldehyde,
however,
personnel
monitoring
within
the
Union
Carbide
production
facility
indicate
that
the
8­
hour
time
weighted
average
(
TWA)
exposures
are
low.
In
the
17
year
period
between
1975
and
1992,
a
total
of
73
personnel
samples
have
been
taken
within
the
"
Oxo"
production
unit.
Of
these,
62
( 
85%)
were
below
the
detection
limit
of
0.01
ppm.
The
maximum
TWA
measured
over
this
interval
was
26
ppm
and
the
geometric
mean
for
all
73
TWA
determinations
was
 
0.2
ppm.
In
the
same
time
frame
16
TWA
determinations
were
made
within
the
In­
Plant
Distribution
Department.
Of
these
8
(
50%)
were
below
the
detection
limit
of
0.01
ppm.
In
one
or
two
instances
excursions
in
the
range
of
100
ppm
were
determined,
but
the
geometric
mean
for
all
16
samples
was
still
in
the
range
of
1
ppm.
We
believe
that
these
low
personnel
exposures
are
typical
of
the
industry
as
a
whole.
Considering
the
low
concentrations
of
propionaldehyde
measured
within
the
production
unit,
air
concentrations
at
the
fence­
line
and
within
the
surrounding
community
must
be
extremely
low.

In
addition,
area
monitors
are
used
in
manufacturing
areas
to
detect
leaks
and
alert
operating
personnel
to
any
unusual
conditions
which
might
result
in
episodic
release
of
the
aldehyde
to
the
environment.
Personnel
protective
equipment
is
maintained
and
available
for
immediate
use
in
the
event
of
unforeseen
emergency
situations.
8
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
Reference:

*
3.3
Information
concerning
Uses
(
including
catagories
and
types
of
uses
expressed
in
percentage
terms
Examples
of
use
catagories
are
dyestuffs,
intermediates,
solvents,
adhesives,
building
material
agents,
detergents,
cleaning
agents,
fertilisers,
plastic
agents,
surface
treatment
agents,
etc.
Types
of
uses
are
divided
into
three:
industrial
use
(
open
system
and
closed
system),
public
use
and
export
Of
the
total
production
volume,
it
is
believed
that
greater
than
99%
is
used
as
an
internal
plant
chemical
intermediate.
The
major
uses
of
propionaldehyde
is
as
a
reactive
intermediate
in
the
manufacture
of
npropanol
propionic
acid,
2­
methyl
pentanol,
trimethyolethane
polyols,
polyethylene
additives,
fragrance
chemicals
and
fungicides.
Propionaldehyde,
being
a
reactive
chemical
intermediate,
is
not
directly
used
in
products
reaching
the
consumer.
Because
of
its
reactive
nature
and
volatility,
residual
concentration
of
propionaldehyde
in
consumer
products
is
very
low.

3.4
Options
for
disposal
Mode
of
disposal
(
e.
g.,
incineration,
release
to
sewage
system)
for
each
category
and
type
of
use,
if
appropriate;
recycling
possibility
­­
Incineration
in
the
event
of
a
spill
­­

3.5
Other
remarks
Reference:
­­
None
­­

4.0
Environmental
Fate
and
Pathways
9
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
Reporting
of
studies
should
give
the
test
method,
test
conditions
(
lab
versus
field
studies),
test
results
(
e.
g.,
%
degradation
in
specified
time
period)
and
reference.
Information
on
breakdown
products
(
treatment
and
stable)
should
be
provided
when
available.

4.1
Degradability
(
biotic
and
abiotic)
Photooxidation
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
In
the
case
of
poorly
soluble
chemicals,
treatment
given
(
nature,
concentration,
ect.):

Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
ISO,
others):

GLP
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]

Test
results:
T1/
2
in
air
=
5.8
hours
Comments:
Calculated
Reference:
Software
"
Atmospheric
Oxidation
Program"
(
AOP)
v.
1.43
developed
by
the
Syracuse
Research
Corporation,
an
adaptation
of
the
"
Atkinson
estimation
methodology"
for
estimating
hydroxyl
radical
and
ozone
reaction
rates
with
organic
compounds
in
air
and
based
on
the
following
two
published
references
1.
Int.
J.
Chem.
Kinet.
19:
799­
828
(
1987).
2.
Env.
Toxic
Chem.
7:
435­
42
(
1988).

4.1.1
Biodegradability
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
type,
aerobic
[
],
anaerobic
[
X]
10
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
Test
medium:
water,
water­
sediment,
soil,
sewage
treatment
Unacclimated
domestic
treatment
plant
water
In
the
case
of
poorly
soluble
chemicals,
treatment
given
(
nature,
concentration,
ect.):

Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
ISO,
others):

GLP
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]

Test
results:
BOD/
COD(
theoritical)
X100
=
70%
(
5­
days);
83%
(
10­
days);
80%
(
15­
days);
95%
(
20­
days)

Comments:

Reference:
Waggy,
G.
T.
and
J.
R.
Payne
(
1974)
"
Environmental
Impact
Analysis
­
Product
Biodegradability
Testing".
Project
Report
910F44,
Union
Carbide
Corporation,
South
Charleston
Technical
Center,
South
Charleston,
WV.

4.1.2
Sewage
Treatment
Information
on
treatability
of
the
substance
­­
No
data
submitted
4.1.3
Stability
in
air
(
e.
g.,
photodegradability)
and
in
water
(
e.
g.,
hydrolysis)

Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
method
or
estimation
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):

­­
No
data
submitted
­­

4.1.4
Identification
of
main
mode
of
degradability
in
actual
use
­­
No
data
submitted
­­
11
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
4.2
Bioaccumulation
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
other):
­­
No
data
submitted
­­

4.3
Transport
and
distribution
between
environmental
compartments
including
estimate
environmental
concentrations
and
distribution
pathways
­­
No
data
submitted
­­
4.4
Monitoring
data
(
environment)
­­
No
data
submitted
­­

5.
Ecotoxicological
Data
5.1
Toxicity
to
fish
5.1.1
Results
of
acute
tests
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
species:
1)
Poecilia
reticulata
(
Guppy)
2)
Pimephales
promelas
(
Fathead
Minnow)

Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):

1)
o
Type
of
test:
static
[
],
semi­
static
[
X],
flow­
through
[
]
2)
o
Type
of
test:
static
[
X],
semi­
static
[
],
flow­
through
[
]
o
Other
(
e.
g.,
field
test)
[
]

GLP
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]

Test
results:

LC50
or
EC50
­
values
after
24,
48,
72
and
96
hours
and
method
used
to
calculate
these
values
12
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
1)
LC50
=
15
mg/
l
(
14­
Day)
[
log
LC50
2.41
when
LC50
in
units
of
umoles/
liter]

2)
LC50
=
85
mg/
l
(
24­
hours);
16
mg/
l
(
48­
hours);
14
mg/
l
(
96­
hours).

Comments:

Reference:
1)
Deneer,
J.
W.,
Seinen,
W.
and
J.
L.
M.
Hermens
(
1988)
"
The
Acute
Toxicity
of
Aldehydes
to
the
Guppy".
Aqu.
Tox.
12:
185­
192.
2)
Waggy,
G.
T.
and
J.
R.
Payne
(
1974)
"
Environmental
Impact
Analysis
­
Acute
Aquatic
Toxicity
Testing".
Project
Report
910F44,
Union
Carbide
Corporation,
South
Charleston
Technical
Center,
South
Charleston,
WV.

5.1.2
Results
of
long­
term
tests
e.
g.,
prolonged
toxicity,
early
life­
stage
­­
No
data
submitted
­­

Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
*
5.2
Toxicity
to
daphnids
5.2.1
Results
of
acute
tests
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
species:
Daphnia
magna
Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):

GLP
YES
[
X]
13
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
NO
[
]

Test
results:

EC50
­
values
after
24
and
48
hours,
and
method
used
to
calculate
these
values
24­
Hour
EC50
=
200
mg/
l
(
95%
Confidence
interval
176
to
234
mg/
l)
48­
Hour
EC50
=
125
mg/
l
(
95%
Confidence
interval
106
to
147
mg/
l)

Comments:

Reference:
Union
Carbide
Corporation,
Union
Carbide
Technical
Center,
South
Charleston
,
WV.
Acute
Toxicity
of
Propionaldehyde
to
Daphnia
magna.
Environmental
Products
Testing
Study
No.
920420002.
Draft
dated
June,
1992.

5.2.2
Results
of
long­
term
tests
e.
g.,
reproduction
­­
No
Data
Submitted
­­

Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
*
5.3
Toxicity
to
algae
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
species:
Selenastrum
capricornutum
Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):
4­
day
old
algal
culture
maintained
in
controlled
temperature
environmental
chamber
at
pH
7.5
under
static
conditions.
The
cultures
were
maintained
for
96
hours
at
propionaldehyde
concentrations
of
3.13,
6.25,
12.5,
25,
50,
100,
200
and
400
mg/
L.

GLP
YES
[
X]
NO
[
]

Test
results:
14
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
EC50
(
duration,
e.
g.
24,
48,
72
hours)
24­
Hour
EC50
=
290
mg/
L
(
95%
confidence
interval
210
to
480)
48­
Hour
EC50
=
133
mg/
L
72­
Hour
EC50
=
58
mg/
L
(
95%
confidence
interval
29
to
134)
96­
Hour
EC50
=
40
mg/
L
(
95%
confidence
interval
20
to
80)

Maximum
concentration
at
which
no
effect
was
observed
within
the
period
of
the
test.
25
mg/
L
­
96­
hour
Minimum
concentration
at
which
no
effect
was
observed
within
the
period
of
the
test.

Comments:

Reference:

Union
Carbide
Corporation,
Union
Carbide
Technical
Center,
South
Charleston
,
WV.
Acute
Toxicity
of
Propionaldehyde
to
Selenastrum
capricornutum
Environmental
Products
Testing
Study
No.
920420001.
Draft
dated
June,
1992.

5.4
Toxicity
to
other
aquatic
organisms
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
species:
Aedes
aegypti
larvae
(
mosquito)

Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):
o
Type
of
test:
static
[
X],
semi­
static
[
],
flow­
through
[
]
o
Other
(
e.
g.,
field
test)
[
]

GLP
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]

Test
results:

LC50
or
EC50
values
(
acute)
LC50
=
0.25%
(
w/
v)
15
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
Maximum
concentration
at
which
no
effect
was
observed
within
the
period
of
the
test
(
prolonged
test).
Minimum
concentration
at
which
no
effect
was
observed
within
the
period
of
the
test
(
prolonged
test)

Comments:
No
details
given
as
to
concentrations
used.

Reference:
Kramer,
V.
C.,
Schnell,
D.
J.
and
K.
W.
Nickerson
(
1983)
"
Relative
Toxicity
of
Organic
Solvents
to
Aedes
aegypti
Larvae".
J.
Invert.
Path.
42:
285­
287.

5.5
Toxicity
to
bacteria
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
species:
Sewage
Microorganisms
Single
species
tests
such
as
"
Microtox
Photobacterium
luminescence
test"
and
tests
on
overall
processes
such
as
nitrification
or
soil
respiration
are
included
in
this
item.

Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):

oType
of
test
Median
inhibition
concentration
(
IC50)
when
resulting
turbidity
is
at
50%
of
the
control
after
a6­
hour
incubation
at
23oC
[
].
oOther
(
e.
g.,
field
observation)
[
]

GLP
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]

Test
results:
IC50
=
207
mg/
l
Comments:
16
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
Reference:
Waggy,
G.
T.
and
R.
L.
Blessing
(
1987)
"
Environmental
Impact
Analysis
­
Acute
Aquatic
Toxicity
Testing".
File
NO:
35269,
Union
Carbide
Corporation,
South
Charleston
Technical
Center,
South
Charleston,
WV.

*
5.6
Toxicity
to
terrestrial
organisms
5.6.1
Toxicity
to
soil
dwelling
organisms
­­
No
data
submitted
­­

Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
5.6.2
Toxicity
to
plants
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
species:
Lactuca
sativa
(
Great
Lakes
Lettuce)

Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):
Seed
Germination
GLP
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]

Test
results:

EC50
for
7
and
14
days
or
LC50
13.7
mM
propionaldehyde
solution
produced
50%
inhibition
of
germination.

Maximum
concentration
at
which
no
effect
was
observed
within
the
period
of
the
test.
Minimum
concentration
at
which
no
effect
was
observed
within
the
period
of
the
test.

Comments:

Reference:
Reynolds,
T.
(
1977)
"
Comparative
Effects
of
Aliphatic
Compounds
on
Inhibition
of
Lettuce
Fruit
Germination".
Ann.
Bot.
41:
637­
648.
17
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
5.6.3
Toxicity
to
birds
­­
No
data
submitted
­­

Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
5.7
Biological
Effects
Monitoring
(
including
biomagnification)

­­
No
data
submitted
­­

Studies
on
variation
of
predominant
species
in
certain
ecosystems
and
monitoring
of
biological
effects
(
e.
g.,
thinning
of
eggshell)
etc.
are
included.

Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
5.8
Biotransformation
and
kinetics
in
environmental
species
­­
No
data
submitted
­­

Under
this
item,
studies
on
absorption,
distribution,
metabolism
and
excretion
etc.
should
be
given.

6.0
Toxicological
Data
(
oral,
dermal
and
inhalation,
as
appropriate)

Where
observation
on
humans
are
available,
e.
g.,
irritation,
these
should
be
entered
in
the
appropriate
"
Comments"
section.

*
6.1
Acute
toxicity
6.1.1
Acute
oral
toxicity
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
species/
strain:
1)
Male
albino
rats
2)
Rat
3)
Male
&
Female
Sprague
Dawley
Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
EC,
limit
test):
Gavage
1)
GLP
YES
[
]
2)
GLP
YES
[
]
3)
GLP
YES
[
X]
18
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
NO
[
X]
NO
[
X]
NO
[
]

Test
results:
LD50
or
other
measure
of
acute
toxicity
(
e.
g.
in
case
of
fixed
dose
test)

1)
Oral
LD50
­
1.41
g/
Kg
(
95%
confidence
interval
of
0.96
to
2.98)
2)
Oral
LD50
­
0.8
to
1.6
g/
Kg
3)
Oral
LD50
­
Males
2g/
Kg
killed
2
of
3;
Females
LD50
=
1.7
mg/
Kg
(
95%
Confidence
interval
1.4
to
2.0
g/
Kg)

Comments:
1)
Administered
as
a
20%
dispersion
using
a
nonionic
surfactant
(
1%
TERGITOL
"
7")
as
a
dispersion
agent.
Five
animals
used
per
dosage
group.
3)
Administered
as
an
aqueous
dilution
at
a
dosage
volume
of
1ml/
100g
body
weight.
Rats
observed
for
14­
days
after
dose
administration.
Study
conducted
under
EPA
TSCA
Health
Effects
Test
Guidelines.

Reference:
1)
Union
Carbide
Corporation,
Mellon
Institute
of
Industrial
Research
Report
14­
24
dated
February
16,
1951.

2)
Brabec,
M.
J.
(
1981)
"
Chapter
37:
Aldehydes
and
Acetals
in
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology,
3rd
revised
edition.
Vol.
2A.,
Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton,
Eds.
John
Wiley
&
Sons,
New
York.
p.
2643.

3)
Union
Carbide
Corporation,
Bushy
Run
Research
Center
Report
92U1030,
Draft
dated
June
3,
1992.

6.1.2
Acute
inhalation
toxicity
19
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
species/
strain:
1)
Rats
2)
Male
mature
rats
3)
B6C3F1
&
Swiss­
Webster
mice
4)
Fischer
344
rats
Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
EC,
limit
test):

GLP
YES
[
]

Test
results:

LC50:
1)
26000
ppm
(
0.5
hours)

Comments:

2)
Dynamically
generated
substantially
saturated
vapor
killed
6
of
6
rats
in
10
minutes,
2
of
6
rats
in
5
minutes,
and
0
of
5
in
2
minutes.
Exposure
to
a
measured
concentration
of
16000
ppm
for
2.5­
hours
killed
6
of
6
rats,
8000
ppm
killed
5
of
6
rats
in
4­
hours
and
4000
ppm
0
of
6
rats
in
4­
hours.

3)
The
vapor
concentration
required
to
elicit
a
50%
decrease
in
respiratory
rate
(
RD50)
of
B6C3F1
mice
was
2078
ppm
(
95%
confidence
interval
1803
to
2402),
and
in
Swiss­
Webster
mice
was
2052
ppm
(
95%
confidence
interval
1625
to
3040).

4)
The
vapor
concentration
required
to
elicit
a
50%
decrease
in
respiratory
rate
(
RD50)
of
Fischer
344
rats
was
6789
ppm
(
95%
confidence
interval
3903
to
15466
ppm).

Reference:
1)
Brabec,
M.
J.
(
1981)
"
Chapter
37:
Aldehydes
and
Acetals
20
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
in
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology,
3rd
revised
edition.
Vol.
2A.,
Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton,
Eds.
John
Wiley
&
Sons,
New
York.
p.
2643.

2)
Union
Carbide
Corporation,
Mellon
Institute
of
Industrial
Research
Report
15­
55
dated
June
30,
1952.

3)
Steinhagan,
W.
H.
and
C.
S.
Barrow
(
1984)
Toxicol.
Appl.
Pharmacol.
72:
495­
503.

4)
Babiuk,
C.
Steinhagan,
W.
H.
and
C.
S.
Barrow
(
1985)
Toxicol.
Appl.
Pharmacol.
79:
143­
149.

6.1.3
Acute
dermal
toxicity
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
species/
strain:
1)
New
Zealand
White
Rabbits
2)
Guinea
Pig
Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
limit
test):

1)
Application
of
undiluted
test
material
for
24­
hours
to
the
skin
under
an
occlusive
dressing.
2)
No
details
given
3)
EPA
TSCA
Health
Effects
Test
Guidelines
1)
GLP
YES
[
]
2)
GLP
YES
[
]
3)
GLP
YES
[
X]
NO
[
X]
NO
[
X]
NO
[
]

Test
results:

LD50:
21
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
1)
5.0
ml/
Kg
(
95%
confidence
interval
3.4
to
7.5)
2)
10
to
20
g/
Kg
3)
Males:
2.0
g/
Kg
killed
1
of
3.
Females:
LD50
=
2.5
g/
Kg
(
95%
Confidence
interval
1.8
to
3.4
g/
Kg)

Comments:
1)
Erythema
and
desquamation
at
the
site
of
contact,
pale
and
mottled
livers
and
kidneys
and
congested
lungs
in
victims.
3)
24­
Hour
occluded
application
of
undiluted
test
material
to
clipped
skin
with
a
14­
day
observation
period
after
application.

Reference:
1)
Union
Carbide
Corporation,
Mellon
Institute
of
Industrial
Research
Report
15­
55
dated
June
30,
1952.

2)
Brabec,
M.
J.
(
1981)
"
Chapter
37:
Aldehydes
and
Acetals
in
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology,
3rd
revised
edition.
Vol.
2A.,
Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton,
Eds.
John
Wiley
&
Sons,
New
York.
p.
2643.

3)
Union
Carbide
Corporation,
Bushy
Run
Research
Center
Report
92U1030,
Draft
dated
June
3,
1992.

6.2
Corrosiveness/
Irritation
6.2.1
Skin
Irritation
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
species/
strain:
1)
New
Zealand
White
Rabbits
2)
Guinea
Pig
3)
New
Zealand
White
Rabbits
Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):

1)
0.01
ml
undiluted
test
substance
applied
to
the
uncovered
clipped
skin
of
the
abdomen.
22
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
3)
EPA
TSCA
Health
Effects
Test
Guidelines.
4­
Hour
occluded
application
of
o.
5
ml
undiluted
test
material
with
14­
day
observation
period.

1)
GLP
YES
[
]
2)
GLP
YES
[
]
3)
GLP
YES
[
X]
NO
[
X]
NO
[
X]
NO
[
]

Test
results:
give
maximum
scores
after
......
hrs
1)
Marked
erythema
on
1
of
5
rabbits.
2)
Severe
irritation
3)
Moderate
to
severe
irritation
with
superficial
necrosis.
Irritation
persisting
on
4
of
6
rabbits
at
14
days
Comments:

1)
Instillation
of
.02
ml
of
undiluted
test
material
into
the
inferior
conjunctival
sac
of
rabbit
eyes
produced
severe
injury,
0.005
ml
instilled
in
an
identical
manner
produced
moderate
damage.

3)
Instillation
of
0.1
ml
into
the
inferior
conjunctival
sac
of
rabbit
eyes
produced
mild
transient
corneal
injury,
iritis
with
moderate
to
severe
conjunctival
irritation
and
resolution
of
injury
in
all
eyes
by
10­
days.
0.01
Ml
produced
minor
transient
corneal
injury,
iritis
and
moderate
to
severe
conjunctival
injury
with
complete
resolution
in
7­
days.

Reference:
1)
Union
Carbide
Corporation,
Mellon
Institute
of
Industrial
Research
Report
15­
55
dated
June
30,
1952.

2)
Brabec,
M.
J.
(
1981)
"
Chapter
37:
Aldehydes
and
Acetals
in
Patty's
Industrial
Hygiene
and
Toxicology,
3rd
revised
edition.
Vol.
2A.,
Clayton,
G.
D.
and
F.
E.
Clayton,
Eds.
John
Wiley
&
Sons,
New
York.
p.
2643.
23
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
3)
Union
Carbide
Corporation,
Bushy
Run
Research
Center
Report
92U1030,
Draft
dated
June
3,
1992.

6.3
Skin
sensitisation
­­
No
data
submitted
­­

Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
*
6.4
Repeated
dose
toxicity
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
species/
strain:
1)
Alderley
Park
specific­
pathogen­
free
rats
2)
CD
Male
&
Female
Rats
Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):

1)
Propionaldehyde
liquid
injected
at
a
known
rate
into
a
metered
stream
of
air
by
means
of
a
controlled,
fluid­
free
atomizer.
2)
OECD
Screening
Information
Data
Set
Combined
Repeated
Dose/
Reproductive
Protocol
1)
GLP
YES
[
]
2)
GLP
YES
[
X]
NO
[
X]
NO
[
]

Test
results:

1)
Four
males
and
4
females
which
received
six,
6­
hour
exposures
to
1300
ppm
did
not
gain
weight.
Histological
examination
of
tissues
at
necropsy
revealed
liver
cell
vacuolation.
Four
males
and
4
females
which
received
20,
6­
hour
exposures
to
90
ppm
demonstrated
no
toxic
signs
and
organs
were
normal
at
necropsy.

2)
Male
and
female
rats
(
15
per
exposure
group)
were
exposed
to
propionaldehyde
by
inhalation
at
air
concentrations
of
0,
150,
750
or
1500
ppm.
Exposures
were
conducted
6­
hours
per
day,
7­
days
per
week.
Males
received
52
consecutive
daily
exposures,
while
females
were
exposed
for
2­
weeks
prior
to
mating,
during
a
14­
day
(
maximum)
mating
period
and
24
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
through
day
20
of
gestation.
No
differences
were
observed
between
means
of
all
three
male
exposure
groups
and
controls
with
respect
to
body
weight,
body
weight
gain,
clinical
observations
and
food
consumption.
In
females
no
exposure
related
clinical
signs
were
noted,
however,
body
weight
gain
and
food
consumption
were
significantly
reduced
in
animals
of
this
sex
in
the
intermediate
and
high
exposure
groups
during
the
first
week
of
exposure
and
in
the
high
exposure
group
during
the
first
half
of
gestation.
Food
consumption
was
also
slightly
reduced
in
the
females
of
the
high
and
intermediate
exposure
groups
either
throughout,
or
during
part
of,
gestation.
Elevated
erythrocyte
count
with
accompanying
increases
in
hemoglobin
concentrations
and
hematocrit
values
and
an
increase
in
monocytes
were
noted
in
the
males
exposed
to
1500
ppm.
Kidney
weights,
as
a
percent
of
body
weight
were
also
slightly
increased
in
males
exposed
to
1500
ppm.
No
exposure
related
increases
in
the
incidence
of
gross
lesions
was
apparent
in
either
sex.
The
only
exposure
related
finding
upon
microscopic
examination
of
tissues
was
on
the
olfactory
epithelium
in
the
anterior
2
sections
of
the
nasal
cavities
of
both
male
and
female
rats.
Vacuolization
was
primarily
evident
in
the
low
and
intermediate
exposure
groups
with
atrophy
seen
in
the
intermediate
and
high
exposure
groups.
The
injury
appeared
to
be
somewhat
diminished
in
females
possibly
a
result
of
a
6­
day
recovery
period.

Dose
or
concentration
at
which
no
toxic
effects
were
observed:

1)
90
ppm
2)
No
NOEL
established
for
nasal
lesions.
150
ppm
for
other
manifestations
of
systemic
toxicity
Comments:

Reference:

1)
Gage,
J.
C.
(
1970)
Brit.
J.
Indust.
Med.
27:
1­
18.
2)
Union
Carbide
Corporation,
Bushy
Run
Research
Center
Report
91U0086
Draft
dated
June
17,
1992.
25
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
*
6.5
Genetic
toxicity
6.5.1
Bacterial
test
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
species/
strain:
1)
S.
typhinurium
strains
TA­
100,
TA­
1535,
TA­
1537
&
TA­
98.
2)
S.
typhinurium
strains
TA­
98,
TA­
100,
TA­
1535
&
TA­
1537
3)
S.
typhinurium
strain
TA­
1535
4)
S.
typhinurium
strain
TA­
98,
TA­
100
&
TA­
102
Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):

Bacterial
Forward
Gene
Mutation
Assay
in
Salmonella
typhinurium
(
Ames
Test)

GLP
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]

Test
results:

Minimum
concentration
of
test
substance
at
which
toxicity
to
bacteria
was
observed:

with
metabolic
activation:
without
metabolic
activation:

Concentration
of
test
compound
resulting
in
precipitation:

Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
1)
with
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
without
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
26
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
+
?
­
2)
with
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
without
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]

+
?
­
3)
with
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
without
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
+
?
­
4)
with
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]

Comments:

1)
Five
concentrations
used
ranging
between
100
and
10000
ug/
plate.
Both
rat
liver
S9
and
Hamster
liver
S9
used
for
metabolic
activation
system
3)
Six
concentrations
ranging
between
0.01
and
2.5
umol/
plate.

4)
No
plate
counts
given.
Tested
at
concentrations
between
0.13
nmoles
and
0.13
mmoles
per
plate.

Reference:

1)
Mortelmans,
K.,
Haworth,
S.,
Lawlor,
T.,
Speck,
W.,
Tainer,
B.
and
E.
Zeiger
(
1986)
Environ.
Mut.
8(
suppl.
7):
1­
119.

2)
Florin,
I.,
Rutberg,
L.,
Curvall,
M.
and
C.
R.
Enzell
(
1980)
Toxicol.
18:
219­
232.

3)
Pool,
B.
L.
and
M.
Wiessler
(
1981)
Carcinogenesis
2(
10):
991­
997.

4)
Aeschbacher,
H.
U.,
Wolleb,
U.,
Loliger,
J.,
Spadone,
J.
C.
and
R.
Liardon
(
1989)
"
Contribution
oc
Coffee
Aroma
Constituents
to
the
Mutagenicity
of
Coffee".
Fd.
Chem.
Toxic.
27:
227­
232.

6.5.2
Non­
bacterial
in
vitro
test
27
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Type
of
cell
used:
1)
CHO
V79
HGPrt
locus
and
Na+/
K+
locus
as
resistance
to
Ouabain.

Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):

GLP
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]

Test
results:

Lowest
Concentration
producing
cell
toxicity:

with
metabolic
activation:
without
metabolic
activation:
Approximately
30
mM
Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
with
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
]
without
metabolic
activation:
[
X]
[
]
[
]

Comments:
1)
Propionaldehyde
induced
a
dose
dependent
increase
in
the
mutation
frequency
either
at
the
HGPrt
locus,
with
thioguanine
as
the
selective
agent,
or
at
the
Na+/
K+
locus,
with
ouabain
as
the
selective
agent.

Reference:
Brumbilla,
G.,
Cajelli,
E.,
Cunonero,
R.,
Martelli,
A.
and
A.
M.
Marinari
(
1989)
"
Mutagenicity
in
V79
Chinese
Hamster
Cells
of
n­
Alkanals
Produced
by
Lipid
Peroxidation"
Mutagenesis
4:
277­
279.

6.5.3
Non­
bacterial
test
in
vivo
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
28
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
Test
species/
strain:
Male
&
Female
Swiss
Webster
Mice
Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):

Mouse
Bone
Marrow
Micronucleus
Test
conducted
in
accordance
with
OECD
Guidelines
C(
81)
30(
Final).

GLP
YES
[
X]
NO
[
]

Test
results:

Lowest
dose
producing
toxicity:
The
IP
LD50
for
combined
sexes
was
determined
as
960
mg/
Kg
body
weight.
Mice,
5
per
sex
per
dose,
received
propionaldehyde
by
IP
injection
at
either
0%,
25%,
50%
or
80%
of
the
LD50
(
0,
240,
480
or
768
mg/
Kg).
No
significant
increases
in
the
incidences
of
micronucleated
PCEs
were
observed
at
240
and
480
mg/
Kg
or
in
the
768
mg/
Kg
females.
Increases
in
the
incidence
of
micronucleated
PCEs
were
observed
in
males
receiving
768
mg/
Kg
at
24
and
48
hours,
but
not
at
12
hours.
There
was
no
evidence
that
the
increases
in
male
mice
were
dose
related
and
they
were
not
considered
biologically
significant.

Effect
on
Mitotic
Index
or
P/
N
Ratio:

PCE/
NCE
=
58%
of
Controls
at
48­
hours
after
injection
in
high
dose
females.

Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
[
]
[
]
[
X]

Comments:

Reference:
2)
Union
Carbide
Corporation,
Bushy
Run
Research
Center
Report
92U1011
Draft
dated
June
4,
1992.
29
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
6.6
Carcinogenicity
­­
No
data
submitted
­­

Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
species/
strain:

*
6.7
Reproductive
and
Developmental
toxicity
6.7.1
Reproductive
toxicity
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
species/
strain:
CD
Rats
Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):
OECD
Screening
Information
Data
Set
Combined
Repeated
Dose/
Reproductive
Protocol
GLP
YES
[
X]
NO
[
]

Test
results:

Male
and
female
rats
(
15
per
exposure
group)
were
exposed
to
propionaldehyde
by
inhalation
at
air
concentrations
of
0,
150,
750
or
1500
ppm.
Exposures
were
conducted
6­
hours
per
day,
7­
days
per
week.
Males
received
52
consecutive
daily
exposures,
while
females
were
exposed
for
2­
weeks
prior
to
mating,
during
a
14­
day
(
Maximum)
mating
period
and
through
day
20
of
gestation.
Females
were
allowed
to
litter
and
the
offspring
body
weight,
viability,
disposition
were
monitored
from
birth
until
postnatal
day
4.
On
day
4
of
lactation,
necropsies
were
performed
on
the
adult
females
and
the
offspring
were
examined
externally
and
sacrificed
without
pathologic
evaluation.
No
significant
effects
of
exposure
were
noted
on
any
reproductive
parameter
assessed.
Litter
size
and
viability
were
similar
among
exposure
groups
and
the
control.
Pup
body
weights
on
postnatal
day
0
and
4
were
not
30
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
affected
by
exposure,
although
the
body
weight
gain
of
pups
from
the
high
exposure
group
mothers
for
that
period
was
slightly
depressed.

NOEL
for
P
generation:
No
NOEL
established
for
nasal
lesions,
150
ppm
for
evidence
of
systemic
toxicity.
NOEL
for
F1
generation
NOEL
for
F2
generation
Maternal
and
Paternal
general
toxicity:
Nasal
lesions
­
150
ppm.
Signs
of
systemic
toxicity
­
750
ppm
Reproductive
toxicity
observed
in
parental
animals
(
fertility,
gestation,
reproductive
organtoxicity,
etc.):
>
1500
ppm
Reproductive
toxicity
observed
in
offspring
(
weights
of
litter,
postnatal
growth,
viability,
etc.):
>
1500
ppm
Comments:

Reference:
Union
Carbide
Corporation,
Bushy
Run
Research
Center
Report
91U0086
Draft
dated
June
17,
1992.

6.7.2
Teratogenicity/
Developmental
toxicity
Test
substance:
Propionaldehyde
Test
species/
strain:
Sprague­
Dawley
rats.

Test
method
(
e.
g.,
OECD,
others):
Intraamniotic
injection
on
day
13
of
gestation.
GLP
YES
[
]
NO
[
X]

Test
results:

NOEL
for
maternal
animals
NOEL
for
offspring
100
ug/
fetus
Maternal
general
toxicity
Pregnancy
and
litter
data
Foetal
data
(
live/
dead,
sex,
external
defects,
soft
tissue
and
skeletal
defects)
31
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
Comments:
Increased
incidence
of
dead
or
resorbed
fetuses
at
1000
ug/
fetus.
No
increased
incidence
of
maleformed
fetuses
up
to
the
highest
concentration
tested,
1000
ug/
fetus.

Reference:
Slott,
V.
L.
and
B.
F.
Hales
(
1985)
Teratology
32:
65­
72.

6.8
Specific
toxicities
(
Neurotoxicity,
immunotoxicity
etc.)

6.9
Toxicodynamics,
toxico­
kinetics
1)
The
retention
of
propionaldehyde
vapor
in
the
respiratory
tract
dog
was
approximately
75
to
80%
of
the
inhaled
dose
at
air
concentrations
between
100
and
400
ppm
(
250
mg/
m3
to
1000
mg/
m3).
Retentions
of
75%
to
80%
were
also
measured
in
the
dog
at
tital
volumes
ranging
from
approximately
110
to
200
ml.

Egle,
J.
L.
(
1972)
"
Retention
of
Inhaled
Formaldehyde,
Propionaldehyde
and
Acrolein
in
the
Dog".
Arch.
Environ.
Health
25:
119­
124.

2)
The
activity
of
the
liver
cytosolic
propionaldehyde
dehydro
genase
was
9.4
nmoles
NADH/
min/
mg
protein
in
control
mice
and
19
nmoles
NADH/
min/
mg
protein
in
pregnant
mice
at
an
initial
propionaldehyde
concentration
of
5
mM.
Mitochondrial
activity
was
34.1
and
33.0
nmoles
NADH/
min/
mg
protein
at
a
concentration
of
5
mM,
and
12.95
and
12.45
nmoles
NADH/
min/
mg
protein
at
a
concentration
of
50
uMin
in
control
and
pregnant
mice
respectively.
The
apparent
Km
value
for
the
enzyme
using
propionaldehyde
as
a
substrate
was
approximately
0.36
mM
in
control
mice
and
0.37
mM
in
pregnant
mice.
Values
using
acetaldehyde
were
0.59
and
0.56
mM,
respectively.

Reference:
32
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
Petersen,
D.
R.,
Panter,
S.
S.
and
A.
C.
Collins
(
1977)
"
Ethanol
and
Acetaldehyde
Metabolism
in
the
Pregnant
Mouse".
Drug
Alc.
Depend.
2:
409­
420.

7.
Experience
with
Human
Exposure
(
give
full
description
of
study
design,
effects
of
Accidental
or
Occupational
Exposure,
epidemiology)

Odor
threshold
of
aqueous
solutions
for
normal
individuals,
145
ppb,
for
anosmic
individuals,
656
ppb.

Amoore,
J.
E.,
Forrester,,
L.
J.
and
P.
Pelosi
(
1976)
"
Specific
Anosmia
to
Isobutyraldehyde:
The
Malty
Primary
Odor".
Chem.
Senses
Flavor
2:
17­
25.

7.1
Biological
Monitoring
(
including
clinical
studies,
case
reports,
etc.)

No
Data
Available
8.
Recommended
Precautions,
Classification
(
use
and/
or
transporation)
and
Safety
Data
Sheets.

See
attached
Material
Safety
Data
Sheets
9.
Availability
and
references(
s)
for
existing
review(
s)

Available
10
Name
of
responder
Tipton
R.
Tyler,
Ph.
D.,
D.
A.
B.
T.
Associate
Director
of
Applied
Toxicology
Union
Carbide
Corporation
(
P­
2)
39
Old
Ridgebury
Road
Danbury,
Connecticut
06817­
0001
33
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
(
203)
794­
5389
34
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
Appendix
I
Flow
Diagram
of
Propionaldehyde
Production
Facility
35
OECD
HPV
FORM
PROPIONALDEHYDE/
REVISION
35
EXHVA/
90.16
Appendix
II
Union
Carbide
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet
for
Propionaldehyde
