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<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;background-color:#ffffff;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:47.50pt;z-index:2;"><IMG WIDTH=188 HEIGHT=65 style="width:90pt;height:30pt;" SRC="outputfile-1730258995.htm_files\outputfile-1730258995_p0.png"></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:190.45pt;top:47.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.98pt">United States</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:190.45pt;top:56.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.98pt">Environmental Protection</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:190.45pt;top:66.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.98pt">Agency</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:318.85pt;top:47.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.98pt">Prevention, Pesticides</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:318.85pt;top:56.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.98pt">and Toxic Substances</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:318.85pt;top:66.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.98pt">(7101)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:432.70pt;top:47.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Arial" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.98pt">EPA 712-B-10-001</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:432.70pt;top:56.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Arial" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.98pt">August 25, 2008</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:182.05pt;top:89.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 34.02pt">Fate, Transport and</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:182.05pt;top:128.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 34.02pt">Transformation Test</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:182.05pt;top:167.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 34.02pt">Guidelines</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:66pt;top:78pt;width:478pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:182.05pt;top:226.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 34.02pt">OPPTS 835.7100:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:182.05pt;top:265.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 34.02pt">Guidance for Prospective</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:182.05pt;top:304.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 34.02pt">Ground-Water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:182.05pt;top:343.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 34.02pt">Monitoring Studies</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<span style="color:#000000;background-color:#ffffff;position:absolute;left:0.00pt;top:0.00pt;z-index:-1;"><img style="width:612pt;height:792pt;" src="outputfile-1730258995.htm_files\outputfile-1730258995_background0.png"></span>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:792.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:284.35pt;top:866.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">NOTICE</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:892.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">This guideline is one of a series of test guidelines established by the Office of Prevention, Pesticides</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:904.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">and Toxic Substances (OPPTS), United States Environmental Protection Agency for use in testing</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:917.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">pesticides and chemical substances to develop data for submission to the Agency under the Toxic</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:930.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">Substances Control Act (TSCA) (15 U.S.C. 2601, et seq.), the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:942.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) (7 U.S.C. 136, et seq.), and section 408 of the Federal Food, Drug and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:955.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">Cosmetic (FFDCA) (21 U.S.C. 346a).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:980.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">The OPPTS test guidelines serve as a compendium of accepted scientific methodologies and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:993.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">protocols that are intended to provide data to inform regulatory decisions under TSCA, FIFRA,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:1005.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">and/or FFDCA.  This document provides guidance for conducting the test, and is also used by EPA,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:1018.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">the public, and the companies that are subject to data submission requirements under TSCA, FIFRA</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:1031.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">and/or the FFDCA.  As a guidance document, these guidelines are not binding on either EPA or any</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:1043.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">outside parties, and the EPA may depart from the guidelines where circumstances warrant and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:1056.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">without prior notice.  The procedures contained in this guideline are strongly recommended for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:1069.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">generating the data that are the subject of the guideline, but EPA recognizes that departures may be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:1081.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">appropriate in specific situations. You may propose alternatives to the recommendations described in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:1094.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">these guidelines, and the Agency will assess them for appropriateness on a case-by-case basis.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:1119.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">For additional information about OPPTS harmonized test guidelines and to access the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:1132.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">guidelines electronically, please go to </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">h</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt"><a href="htt">tt</a></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">p://w</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt"><a href="www.epa.">ww.epa.</a></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">gov/oppts </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">and select “Test Methods &</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:1145.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">Guidelines” on the left side navigation menu.  You may also access the guidelines in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:1157.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><i><u><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt"><a href="http://www.regulations.gov/">http://www.regulations.gov </a></FONT></FONT></u><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">grouped by Series under Docket ID #s: EPA-HQ-OPPT-2009-0150</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.00pt;top:1170.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 10.98pt">through EPA-HQ-OPPT-2009-0159, and EPA-HQ-OPPT-2009-0576.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:66pt;top:853pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:66pt;top:853pt;width:479pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:545pt;top:853pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:66pt;top:853pt;width: 1pt;height:342pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:66pt;top:1195pt;width:478pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:545pt;top:853pt;width: 1pt;height:342pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:545pt;top:1195pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:1584.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:303.00pt;top:2291.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:1671.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................. 7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:1685.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE CHARACTERIZATION ..................................... 8</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:1699.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.11  Fate and Transport Studies............................................................................. 9</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:1714.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.12  Conceptual Model........................................................................................ 11</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:1728.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.2 GROUND WATER EXPOSURE AND ESTIMATING RISK................................. 13</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:1742.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.21  Evaluation of Registered or Proposed Uses................................................. 13</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:1756.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.22  Available Monitoring Data .......................................................................... 14</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:1770.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.23  Modeling Ground Water Exposure.............................................................. 14</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:1784.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.24  Consideration of Risk .................................................................................. 15</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:1799.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.3  CASE STUDY........................................................................................................... 15</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:1813.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.31  Exposure Characterization........................................................................... 15</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:1827.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.32  Monitoring ................................................................................................... 16</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:1841.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.33  Modeling...................................................................................................... 17</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:1855.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.34  Data Evaluation............................................................................................ 17</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:1869.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.4  STUDY COMPONENTS .......................................................................................... 18</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:1884.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.5  STUDY RESULTS.................................................................................................... 19</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:1898.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 2 - SITE SELECTION............................................................................................... 19</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:1912.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.1  STUDY SCOPE......................................................................................................... 20</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:1926.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.11 Definition...................................................................................................... 20</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:1940.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.12  Compounds of Interest and Analytical Methods.......................................... 22</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:1954.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.2  A SET OF CANDIDATE SITES............................................................................... 23</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:1968.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.21  Unconfined Aquifer ..................................................................................... 24</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:1983.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.22  Shallow Depth.............................................................................................. 24</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:1997.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.23  No Flow Restrictive Layers ......................................................................... 24</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2011.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.24 Preferential Flow.......................................................................................... 25</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2025.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.25  Tile Drains ................................................................................................... 25</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2039.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.26  Single Soil Series Mapping Unit.................................................................. 25</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2053.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.27  Low Topographic Slope............................................................................... 26</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2068.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.28  Stable Hydraulic Gradient............................................................................ 27</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:2082.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.3  COOPERATOR INTERVIEW.................................................................................. 27</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2096.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.31  No Prior History of Test Pesticide Use........................................................ 27</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2110.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.32  Long-Term Availability of Study Site ......................................................... 27</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:2124.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.4  PRELIMINARY SITE CHARACTERIZATION...................................................... 28</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2138.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.41  Absence of Dominant Fracture Flow........................................................... 29</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:2153.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 3 - SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND CONCEPTUAL MODEL ........................ 30</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:2167.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.1  EXISTING LOCAL DATA AND BASE MAP......................................................... 30</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2181.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.11  Compile Existing Local Data....................................................................... 31</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2195.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.12  Develop a Base Map .................................................................................... 31</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2209.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.13  Information Sources..................................................................................... 32</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:2223.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.2  SOIL AND VADOSE ZONE INVESTIGATION..................................................... 32</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2238.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.21  Exploratory Coring Program and Field Testing........................................... 33</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2252.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.22  Number and Locations of Soil Cores........................................................... 34</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2266.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.23 Field Testing ................................................................................................. 35</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:2376.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:303.00pt;top:3083.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2449.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.24  Preservation and Transportation of Formation Samples.............................. 35</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2463.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.25  Quality Assurance and Quality Control Procedures .................................... 36</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2477.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.26  Test Pit Excavation ...................................................................................... 36</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2491.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.27  Abandonment of Soil Core Holes................................................................ 37</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:2506.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.3  SATURATED ZONE INVESTIGATION................................................................. 37</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2520.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.31  Hydraulic Head ............................................................................................ 37</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2534.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.32  Direction of Ground-Water Flow and Hydraulic Gradient .......................... 38</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2548.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.33  Hydraulic Conductivity................................................................................ 38</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2562.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.34  Background Water Quality .......................................................................... 38</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:2576.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.4  CONCEPTUAL MODEL.......................................................................................... 39</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2591.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.41  Soils and the Vadose Zone........................................................................... 39</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2605.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.42  Saturated Zone and Water Quality............................................................... 40</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:2619.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 4 - MONITORING PLAN DESIGN ......................................................................... 41</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:2633.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.1  SETTING UP............................................................................................................. 41</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2647.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.11  Agricultural Management Practices............................................................. 41</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2661.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.12  Irrigation....................................................................................................... 42</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2676.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.13  Initial Post-Pesticide Application Irrigation Event ...................................... 43</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2690.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.14  Irrigation After Initial Event ........................................................................ 43</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2704.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.15  Mixing and Loading Area............................................................................ 44</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2718.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.16  Control Plot.................................................................................................. 44</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2732.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.17  Decontamination Area ................................................................................. 44</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2746.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.18  Weather Station............................................................................................ 44</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:2760.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.2  APPLICATION OF PESTICIDE AND TRACER .................................................... 45</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2775.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.21  Pesticide....................................................................................................... 45</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2789.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.22  Tracer ........................................................................................................... 45</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:2803.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.3  SOIL MONITORING PLAN..................................................................................... 45</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2817.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.31  Soil Sampling Methods and Instrumentation............................................... 46</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2831.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.32  Number and Location of Soil Cores ............................................................ 46</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2845.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.33  Soil Sampling Timing and Frequency.......................................................... 46</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:2860.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.4  SOIL-WATER MONITORING PLAN ..................................................................... 46</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2874.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.41  Soil Water Content Measurements .............................................................. 47</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2888.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.42  Instrumentation ............................................................................................ 47</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2902.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.43  Location and Frequency of Sampling .......................................................... 47</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2916.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.44  Soil water Sampling..................................................................................... 47</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2930.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.45  Instrumentation ............................................................................................ 48</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2945.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.46   Depth and Number of Lysimeters............................................................... 48</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2959.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.47  Time of Emplacement.................................................................................. 48</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:2973.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.48  Sampling Frequency..................................................................................... 48</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:2987.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.5  GROUND-WATER MONITORING PLAN............................................................. 49</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3001.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.51  Monitoring Well Design .............................................................................. 49</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3015.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.52  Number, Emplacement, and Screen Lengths of Wells Within a Cluster..... 50</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3030.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.53  Number and Location of Monitoring Well Clusters .................................... 50</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3044.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.54  Time of Emplacement.................................................................................. 50</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3058.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.55  Sampling Frequency..................................................................................... 51</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:3168.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:303.00pt;top:3875.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3241.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.56  Instrumentation ............................................................................................ 52</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3255.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.57  Sampling Methods ....................................................................................... 52</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3269.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.58  Integrated Sampling Schedule...................................................................... 52</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:3283.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 5 - SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND MONITORING PLAN DESIGN REPORTS</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:3298.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">........................................................................................................................................... 56</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:3312.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.1  SITE CHARACTERIZATION REPORT.................................................................. 56</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3326.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.11  Site Base Map .............................................................................................. 57</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3340.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.12  Surficial Soil Characteristics........................................................................ 57</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3354.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.13  Field Testing Methods and Results.............................................................. 57</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3368.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.14  Historical Water Needs and Net Recharge................................................... 57</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3383.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.15  Test Pit Excavation ...................................................................................... 58</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3397.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.16  Exploratory Boring Program........................................................................ 58</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3411.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.17  Saturated Zone Investigations...................................................................... 58</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3425.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.18  Background Water Quality .......................................................................... 58</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3439.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.19  Conceptual Model........................................................................................ 58</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:3453.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.2  MONITORING PLAN DESIGN REPORT (PROTOCOL)...................................... 59</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:3468.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 6 - MONITORING PLAN IMPLEMENTATION..................................................... 62</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:3482.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.1  APPLICATION OF PESTICIDE AND TRACER .................................................... 63</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:3496.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.2  IRRIGATION ............................................................................................................ 63</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:3510.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.3  SOIL MONITORING ................................................................................................ 64</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3524.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.31  Decontamination of Sampling Equipment................................................... 64</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3538.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.32  Soil Sample Collection and Handling.......................................................... 64</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:3552.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.4  PORE-WATER MONITORING ............................................................................... 65</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3567.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.41  Instrumentation ............................................................................................ 65</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3581.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.42  Decontamination.......................................................................................... 66</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3595.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.43  Sample Collection........................................................................................ 66</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:3609.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.5  GROUND-WATER MONITORING ........................................................................ 67</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3623.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.51  Instrumentation ............................................................................................ 67</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3637.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.52  Well Development ....................................................................................... 68</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3652.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.53  Decontamination.......................................................................................... 69</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3666.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.54  Sample Collection........................................................................................ 69</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:3680.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.6  SAMPLE HANDLING AND TRACKING............................................................... 70</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:3694.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 7 - REPORTING........................................................................................................ 72</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:3708.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.1  QUARTERLY REPORTS......................................................................................... 72</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3722.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.11  Summary of Site Activities.......................................................................... 73</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3737.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.12  Mass Balance ............................................................................................... 73</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3751.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.13  Protocol Deviations...................................................................................... 73</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3765.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.14  Analytical Results ........................................................................................ 73</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:3779.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.2  STUDY TERMINATION REPORT ......................................................................... 74</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:3793.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.3  FINAL REPORT........................................................................................................ 74</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3807.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.31  Field Practices.............................................................................................. 75</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3822.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.32  Sampling Activities...................................................................................... 75</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3836.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.33  Analytical Results and Discussion of Findings............................................ 75</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:3850.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.34  Quality Assurance........................................................................................ 75</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:3960.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:303.00pt;top:4667.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:4033.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.4  ELECTRONIC DATA REPORTING GUIDELINES............................................... 76</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:4047.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.41  Study Area and Conceptual Site Model....................................................... 77</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:4061.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.42  Application of pesticide and tracer .............................................................. 77</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:4075.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.43  Crop information.......................................................................................... 78</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:4090.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.44  Soil properties.............................................................................................. 78</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:4104.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.45  Ground-water data........................................................................................ 79</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:4118.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.46  Weather data ................................................................................................ 79</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:4132.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.47  Irrigation input ............................................................................................. 80</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:4146.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.48  Chemical monitoring results........................................................................ 80</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:4160.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 8.0 - REFERENCES.................................................................................................. 81</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:4752.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:303.00pt;top:5459.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:238.70pt;top:4825.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><u><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ACKNOWLEDGEMENT</FONT></FONT></u></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:4853.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Many scientists in the Environmental Fate and Effects Division deserve thanks for their roles in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:4867.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the design of these studies and development of this Guidance.  We would like to acknowledge</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:4882.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Michael Barrett, Elizabeth Behl, Kevin Costello, and James Wolf, who developed the design of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:4896.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the field study described in this document and who wrote substantial sections of the document.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:4910.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Other scientists provided significant technical input and editing of the guidance and/or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:4924.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">participated in the public workshop and Scientific Advisory Panel meetings were Jonathan</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:4938.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Angier, Mark Corbin, R. David Jones, Robert Matzner, Laurence Libello, David Wells and Amy</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:4952.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">McKinnon.  Finally, the original concept of designing a prospective ground-water monitoring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:4967.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study for pesticides was developed by Stuart Z. Cohen and Catherine Eiden.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:5544.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:303.00pt;top:6251.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5629.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5661.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">This document provides guidance for conducting a Prospective Ground-Water (</FONT></FONT><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">,!2D</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5675.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><b><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring study </FONT></b><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">/'& *Y) &)5%1*&+*%'# '/ N)1*%0%.)1 %# *Y) 6#%*). 8*+*)1 `,%1*). +1 5;%.),%#)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5689.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">number 166-1 in 40 CFR 158.29).  The PGW study, which is required on a case-by-case basis, is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5703.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conducted in a controlled setting and provides the Agency with data for evaluating the impact of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5717.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">legal pesticide use on ground water quality.  After assessing the overall environmental fate of a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5732.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide, the Agency may require the pesticide manufacturer (registrant) to conduct a PGW</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5746.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study, with input from EPA on key aspects of the study design.  The Agency’s assessment is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5760.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">based on a review of laboratory data on mobility and persistence of the compound, estimates of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5774.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">potential exposure, available monitoring and modeling information, and a consideration of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5788.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">potential for risk from drinking water exposure. Data generated from these field studies have</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5802.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">proven valuable to EPA scientists and risk managers as they are specifically designed to relate</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5817.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide use specified on the label to measurements of the pesticide and its degradates in ground</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5831.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water used as a source of drinking water.  This document provides guidance on how to conduct a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5845.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">PGW monitoring study, describes milestones for consulting with EPA, and describes how results</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5859.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be reported to EPA.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5887.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">EPA uses the results of PGW monitoring studies to help answer questions such as: (1) Will the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5901.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide leach in portions of the pesticide use area that are similar to the study area? (2) How do</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5916.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide residues change over time? (3) What measures might be effective in mitigating the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5930.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide leaching?  Monitoring data generated in these studies provide a time-series of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5944.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">concentrations that can be used in exposure and risk assessments as a reasonable surrogate for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5958.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide concentrations in drinking water drawn from shallow private wells in agricultural areas.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5972.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">PGW studies have been used to test alternative mitigation strategies for pesticides that have</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:5986.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">adversely affected ground water quality to determine, for example, if a reduction in application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6001.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">rate or specific irrigation technology will reduce or eliminate the impact.  Data from these studies</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6015.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">also have been used to develop the EPA regression screening model SCI-GROW,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6029.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(</FONT></FONT><u><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">h</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt"><a href="http://">ttp://</a></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/models4.htm#scigrow </FONT></FONT></u><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">; see also ILSI, 1998), which</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6043.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">is used to estimate screening-level pesticide concentrations in ground water used as a source of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6057.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">drinking water.  Currently, the results of these studies are being used to evaluate models of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6071.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">subsurface pesticide transport, and as a basis for model scenarios for estimating pesticide</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6086.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">concentrations in shallow ground water.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6114.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">In the past, the Agency has required both retrospective and PGW studies on a case-by-case basis.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6128.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The prospective study was designed to eliminate factors that confound the interpretation of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6142.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">retrospective monitoring studies.  For example, in the site selection process, sites with prior use</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6156.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of the pesticide or with point sources of contamination are not selected for study.  Also, since the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6171.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide is applied according to a current or proposed label, concentrations observed during the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6185.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study can be directly linked to a known and current labeled use. The PGW studies are conducted</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6199.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">at a field scale rather than a larger scale to ensure that adequate field quality assurance/quality</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6213.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">control (QA/QC), collection of ancillary data (climatic data, soil characteristics), and level of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:6336.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:303.00pt;top:7043.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">8</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6409.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">instrumentation can be implemented at a reasonable cost, while maintaining a scale that captures</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6423.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the natural variability in soils, hydrology, and other environmental factors, and under which</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6437.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">standard agronomic practices can be implemented.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6466.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The original draft guidance for PGW monitoring studies was developed primarily in the early</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6480.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1990s and has been subjected to substantial public review and comment, including a public</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6494.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">workshop sponsored by EPA in 1995 and a Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) review in 1998.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6508.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The comments received during the workshop and SAP meeting provided valuable suggestions</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6522.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">from both a technical and practical perspective and were used to revise this guidance and to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6536.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">address other issues identified in the Agency’s review of studies conducted for the registration of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6551.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">over 50 pesticides.  The recommendations in this guidance document also represent the Agency’s</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6565.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">substantial experience, over the last decade, in developing and articulating effective procedures</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6579.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">for collecting high quality data on pesticide movement into ground water.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:75.00pt;top:6605.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.1 ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE CHARACTERIZATION</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6636.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">PGW studies may be required on a case-by-case basis, depending on an assessment of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6651.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide’s potential to impact ground water and the Agency’s consideration of risk.  Before a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6665.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide can be sold in the United States, EPA evaluates its safety to humans and to terrestrial</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6679.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and aquatic animals and plants, based on a wide range of laboratory and field studies. The</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6693.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">environmental studies examine both the ecological effects (toxicity) of a pesticide and its</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6707.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">chemical fate and transport.  After EPA scientists review all the available information on</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6721.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">toxicity, chemical fate and transport, and proposed use of a pesticide, they develop an</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6735.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">environmental exposure characterization, which includes an exposure profile and conceptual</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6750.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">model.  The exposure characterization estimates the potential exposure of plants, animals, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6764.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water resources to pesticide residues in water, food, and air.  The exposure profile describes:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:90.00pt;top:6779.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:6779.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Degradation of the pesticide active ingredient (how fast and by what means it is degraded</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:6793.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">in the environment) and how persistent it is in the environment;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:90.00pt;top:6808.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:6808.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Breakdown products or degradates that result from the degradation processes;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:90.00pt;top:6823.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:6823.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Mobility of the pesticide active ingredient and its degradates and how these chemicals</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:6837.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">may be transported from the application site (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#" </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">volatilize into the atmosphere, move</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:6851.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">into ground or surface waters, or bind to the soil); and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:90.00pt;top:6866.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:6866.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Accumulation of the pesticide and it’s degradates in the environment.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6885.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">These environmental fate studies are designed to help identify which dissipation processes are</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6899.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">likely to occur when a pesticide is released into the environment and to characterize the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6913.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">breakdown products that are likely to result from these degradation processes. The diagram</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:6927.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">below illustrates the potential dissipation pathways for a pesticide after it is applied.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:7128.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:303.00pt;top:7835.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">9</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7215.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Figure 1.  Pesticide Dissipation Pathways</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7428.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Based upon results of environmental fate and transport studies, EPA develops a preliminary,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7442.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">qualitative exposure assessment. This, in turn, may be used to design or trigger additional</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7456.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conditional field studies, such as the PGW study.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7496.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.11 Fate and Transport Studies</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7516.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">EPA reviews many laboratory and field studies to determine the fate of pesticides in the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7530.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">environment. The types of studies required depend on the use of the pesticide. Certain laboratory</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7545.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">studies (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, hydrolysis, photolysis, and soil metabolism) are routinely conducted for all outdoor-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7559.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">use pesticides. Other conditional studies (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, PGW studies, photo-degradation in air, and field</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7573.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">volatility) may be triggered by data from the initially required laboratory studies and/or use or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7587.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application patterns and basic product chemistry data. The basic studies provide the following</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7601.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">critical information for a pesticide active ingredient and its major degradates:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:90.00pt;top:7622.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9.96pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:7620.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Half-life of the parent (persistence)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:90.00pt;top:7646.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9.96pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:7645.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Identity of degradates</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:90.00pt;top:7671.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9.96pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:7669.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Rates of formation and decline of degradates</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:90.00pt;top:7695.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9.96pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:7693.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Bioconcentration potential</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:90.00pt;top:7719.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9.96pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:7717.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Mobility of the parent and degradates</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7737.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The Agency regulations found in 40 CFR 158.29 describe the types and amounts of data that the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7751.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Agency needs for assessing the environmental fate of a pesticide active ingredient. These</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7765.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">controlled laboratory and field studies, which are conducted under approved Guidelines and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7779.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Good Laboratory Practices, are used to determine the persistence, mobility, and bioconcentration</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7793.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">potential of a pesticide active ingredient and its major degradates.  Generally, degradates formed</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7807.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">at greater than or equal to 10% of the amount of applied pesticide are considered significant (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">$"!"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<span style="color:#000000;background-color:#ffffff;position:absolute;left:0.00pt;top:7128.00pt;z-index:-1;"><img style="width:612pt;height:792pt;" src="outputfile-1730258995.htm_files\outputfile-1730258995_background9.png"></span>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:7920.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:8627.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">10</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:7993.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">major degradate) and should be identified in the study.  In addition, degradates of known</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8007.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">toxicological or ecotoxicological concern should be quantified and identified, even when present</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8021.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">at less than 10% of the applied pesticide.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:90.00pt;top:8050.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8050.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><b><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Physicochemical Degradation: </FONT></b><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CY%1 %#0,;.)1 Y:.&',:1%1 +#. NY'*'E.)5&+.+*%'# %#</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8064.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water, soil, and air. Hydrolysis studies determine the potential of the parent pesticide to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8079.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">degrade in water, while photo-degradation studies determine the potential of the parent</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8093.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide to degrade in water, soil or air when exposed to sunlight. During these studies,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8107.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">data are also collected concerning the identity, formation and persistence of degradates.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:90.00pt;top:8127.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8127.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><b><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Biological Degradation: </FONT></b><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CY)1) 1*;.%)1 %#0,;.) +)&'T%0 +#. +#+)&'T%0 1'%, ()*+T',%1(></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8141.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and aerobic and anaerobic aquatic metabolism. The soil metabolism studies determine the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8155.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">persistence of the parent pesticide when it interacts with soil microorganisms living under</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8169.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">aerobic and anaerobic conditions. The aquatic metabolism studies produce similar data</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8184.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">that are generated by pesticide interaction with microorganisms in a water/sediment</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8198.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">system. These studies also identify degradates that result from biological metabolism.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:90.00pt;top:8223.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8223.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><b><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Mobility: </FONT></b><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CY)1) 1*;.%)1 %#0,;.) ,)+0Y%#5 +#. +.1'&N*%'#c.)1'&N*%'#> ,+T'&+*'&:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8237.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">volatility, and field volatility. The leaching study assesses the mobility of the parent</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8251.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide and its’ degradates through columns packed with various soils. The</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8265.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">adsorption/desorption study determines the potential of the parent pesticide and its’</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8279.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">degradates to bind to soils of different types. The potential mobility of the parent</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8293.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide and each degradate is determined by examining the data from both of these</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8308.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">studies and may range from immobile to highly mobile.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:90.00pt;top:8333.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8333.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><b><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Bioconcentration: </FONT></b><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CY)1) 1*;.%)1 ;1) +\;+*%0 '&5+#%1(1 *' )1*%(+*) *Y) N'*)#*%+, '/ +</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8347.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide, under controlled laboratory conditions, to partition to the organisms from</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8361.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">respiratory and dermal exposures. These studies also provide information on the degree a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8375.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide or degradate can be depurated should levels of the pesticide in the surrounding</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8389.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">aquatic environment be reduced.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:90.00pt;top:8409.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8409.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><b><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Field dissipation: </FONT></b><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CY)1) 1*;.%)1 *&+0W *Y) .%11%N+*%'# '/ + N)1*%0%.) /&'( *Y) 1;&/+0) 1'%,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8423.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">layer, and the formation and dissipation of degradates.  While laboratory environmental</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8437.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">fate studies are designed to assess one dissipation process at a time, field dissipation</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8452.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">studies assess pesticide loss as a combined result of chemical and biological processes</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8466.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, hydrolysis, photolysis, microbial transformation) and offsite transport (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8480.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">volatilization, leaching, runoff) as well as loss from plant uptake. These studies provide a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8494.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">field dissipation half-life, a lumped parameter that takes all routes of dissipation into</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8508.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">account.  Several field studies are usually conducted for each pesticide in typical use</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:8522.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">areas.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8551.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">EPA’s assessment may also identify whether pesticide mobility or persistence is affected by pH,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8565.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">temperature, or other factors.  The exposure profile, combined with an evaluation of use and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8579.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">consideration of risk may trigger a PGW monitoring study.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:8712.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:9419.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">11</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8811.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.12 Conceptual Model</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8831.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The potential for pesticide movement to ground water depends on a variety of factors, including</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8845.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">hydrologic properties of the overlying soil and vadose zone that affect downward movement of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8860.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water and chemicals, travel time through the unsaturated zone to ground water, aquifer properties</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8874.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(conductivity, porosity, depth, type, location of recharge area), leaching potential of the pesticide</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8888.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(persistence and mobility), and type of well drawing water for drinking purposes (Focazio et al,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8902.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2002).  These factors can vary significantly throughout the use area of a pesticide. While</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8916.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide persistence and mobility parameters derived from laboratory studies are useful as a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8930.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">starting point for assessment, these parameters are not always sufficient to adequately</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8945.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">characterize leaching of chemicals under actual field conditions.  Data collected in PGW</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8959.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring studies represent the integration of effects of multiple environmental and agronomic</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8973.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">practices at a site where a specific crop is grown.  The term </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">%&'(%!)*$+! </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">is based on a key aspect</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:8987.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of the study design, namely, the pesticide has not been used previously at the site.  If the pesticide</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9001.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">is detected, then it is the result of the application during the study rather than a prior application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9015.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#", </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">at a different label rate) or mishandling of the pesticide during mixing, loading, or disposal</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9030.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">activities.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9058.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A PGW monitoring study begins with the application of a pesticide and a mobile tracer</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9072.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">compound to a site that has been instrumented (i.e. wells and other monitoring equipment has</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9086.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">been installed) and where the crop is (or will be) planted.  The crop is grown in a field during the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9100.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study, following standard agronomic practices (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#", </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">tillage, irrigation, crop cultivation).  Figure 2</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9114.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">below depicts a generic conceptual model for pesticide transport to shallow, private rural wells in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9129.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">an agricultural area.  Following pesticide application, residues can be washed off plant surfaces</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9143.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">by precipitation or irrigation.  They may adsorb to soils to varying degrees and may degrade as a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9157.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">result of chemical or biological processes.  As water infiltrates through the vadose zone to the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9171.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water table, pesticide residues can be transported to the subsurface and can adsorb and degrade</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9185.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">further.  Pesticides can be transported from a field in runoff after precipitation or irrigation,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9199.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">adsorbed to eroded soil, or volatilized in air.  Pesticides also can be taken up to a varying extent</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9214.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">by plants.  A PGW study is designed to minimize the effect of some of these transport processes</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9228.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(i.e., runoff or the impacts of artificial drainage) in the site selection process and to track the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9242.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">overall impact of other processes on water quality.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:9504.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:10211.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">12</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9606.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Figure 2.  Conceptual Model for Pesticide Transport to Shallow, Private Rural Wells.</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:9999.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The vadose and saturated zones under the field are monitored over time (usually at least two</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10013.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">years) for residues of the pesticide, significant degradates, and a conservative tracer.  The tracer</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10027.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">identifies the depth to which recharge has moved following the application of the pesticide.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10041.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Weather data is also collected during the study.  The pesticide and tracer are only applied one</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10055.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">time, to enable the movement of the pesticide and the tracer to be tracked without interference.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10070.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">These studies track the movement of the pesticide, degradate, and applied water (using a tracer</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10084.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">compound) through the soil into the water table and produce a time-series of concentrations over</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10098.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">a period of several years.  Adequate ancillary data are collected (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#", </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">climate, timing and mass of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10112.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide applied, irrigation, soil characteristics) to enable the results to be interpreted.  Study</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10126.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">results should be evaluated, and concentrations adjusted accordingly to take into consideration</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10140.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the numbers and frequencies of application allowed on the label.  The goal of the study is to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10155.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">determine whether a pesticide will move to ground water in some locations where it can be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10169.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">applied, and to determine the time-course concentrations in ground water of the pesticide, major</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10183.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">degradates, and degradates of toxicological concern.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<span style="color:#000000;background-color:#ffffff;position:absolute;left:0.00pt;top:9504.00pt;z-index:-1;"><img style="width:612pt;height:792pt;" src="outputfile-1730258995.htm_files\outputfile-1730258995_background12.png"></span>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:10296.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:11003.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">13</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10383.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">In order for the results to be applicable to regulatory decisions, the site selected for study should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10397.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">have certain characteristics. Depending on the objective of a particular study, a study site may be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10411.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">selected to represent an environment that is highly susceptible to leaching (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, sites with coarse-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10426.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">textured soils that facilitate rapid transport) or a site that represents other conditions under which</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10440.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the pesticide is most typically used.  Sites selected for study represent a specific use (or set of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10454.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">uses) of the pesticide, as well as soil, hydrology, and climatic conditions common to a use area;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10468.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">these conditions should be explicitly described in the site selection report.  Site selection should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10482.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">also include consideration of other factors that dominate ground-water flow systems, e.g. regions</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10496.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">dominated by karst topography or tile drains, especially if such factors dominate in an important</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10511.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">use area.  Ideally, multiple sites should be selected for monitoring that exhibit a range of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10525.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">characteristics of the broader use area.  For example, selecting several sites that are highly</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10539.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">vulnerable to leaching along with several sites presenting more typical vulnerability for a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10553.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">spatially diverse pesticide use area can provide a more complete understanding of the potential</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10567.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">range of pesticide movement.  Having results from a range of sites will enhance the Agency’s</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10581.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ability to extrapolate results across the composite use area.  When a single site is chosen for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10596.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring, the site should represent a highly vulnerability site. If the behavior of a pesticide</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10610.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">$"!", </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">its soil mobility and persistence) varies greatly from site to site, EPA may request site-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10624.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">specific measurements of degradation rates or sorption coefficients in the PGW study test soil.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10638.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">These data would aid in interpreting study results and in modeling.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10679.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.2 GROUND WATER EXPOSURE AND ESTIMATING RISK</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10710.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Some pesticides and pesticide degradates pose a high risk at very low concentrations, while</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10724.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">others pose less risk at these same low concentrations.  Because of the substantial costs</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10738.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">associated with conducting a PGW study, consideration is given to potential risk based on</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10752.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">estimates of exposure from available monitoring data and from screening-level models.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10793.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.21  Evaluation of Registered or Proposed Uses</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10813.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The way in which a pesticide is used can play a critical role in determining its impact on the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10827.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">environment.  For example, pesticides that are exclusively used indoors pose negligible risk of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10841.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">direct ground-water contamination in comparison to those with outdoor uses.  Some typical</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10855.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">indoor uses include baits, greenhouse uses, and use in food handling establishments.  While</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10869.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ground-water impacts associated with those uses can occur from improper handling or disposal,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10883.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the PGW study focuses on water quality impacts resulting from use according to the registered</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10898.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">label.  Thus, a consideration of how the pesticide will be used is an important factor in assessing</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:10912.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">whether a study would provide data needed to reduce uncertainty in water exposure assessments.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:11088.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:11795.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">14</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11161.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.22  Available Monitoring Data</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11181.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">For the pesticide of concern, EPA may have available ground-water monitoring data collected by</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11195.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">academic institutions, federal and state agencies, or pesticide registrants.  Sources of these data</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11209.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">include state monitoring databases, other federal agencies [e.g., United States Geologic Survey</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11224.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(USGS) monitoring  programs like the National Water Quality Assessment Program (NAWQA)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11238.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">or the Toxic Substances Hydrology Program], Office of Pesticide Program's (OPP) Pesticides in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11252.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Ground Water Database (USEPA, 1992), reports submitted to EPA under FIFRA § 6(a)(2),</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11266.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">EPA’s STORET database, the open literature, and monitoring conducted by public water supply</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11280.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">facilities in compliance with the Safe Drinking Water Act.  OPP compiles and evaluates</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11294.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">available water monitoring data and examines the quality of the studies.  In general, most</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11309.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring studies are not designed to target and document impacts from the use of a specific</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11323.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide at a specific rate, nor are they conducted with the level of quality assurance and quality</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11337.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">control of a PGW study.  Monitoring data typically provide a lower bound on potential exposure,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11351.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">especially where data are available to determine the amount of a pesticide applied (both the rate</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11365.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and numbers of applications) and the location of treated areas relative to sampling sites.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11394.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">While most available monitoring data are not likely to be of adequate spatial and temporal</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11408.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">resolution to address uncertainties in exposure for a specific pesticide, data are useful in EPA’s</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11422.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">determination of the need for a PGW study and may also be helpful in determining preferred test</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11436.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sites.  These data may highlight uses for which impacts appear to be lower, and, thereby help</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11450.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">EPA focus evaluation efforts or further monitoring on specific uses or geographical areas where</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11464.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">impacts may be higher.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11491.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.23 Modeling Ground Water Exposure</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11511.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">EPA routinely uses the screening-level model (SCI-GROW) to estimate potential ground water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11525.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">exposure for pesticide water assessments.  SCI-GROW is an empirical regression model</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11539.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">developed by EPA and is based on monitoring results of PGW studies.  This model requires</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11553.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">limited input parameters (e.g., K , aerobic soil metabolism half-life, and annual pesticide</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:228.00pt;top:11558.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">oc</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11567.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application rate).  Using these values, the model estimates the concentration of the pesticide (90-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11581.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">day peak) in shallow, unconfined aquifers that are subject to relatively rapid recharge and under</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11596.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conditions similar to sites where the monitoring was conducted).  The model can simulate</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11610.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">multiple applications of the pesticide and the results are useful when reviewed in conjunction</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11624.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">with the field study.  A detailed description of this model can be found at EPA's Web site:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11638.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><u><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">w</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt"><a href="www.">ww.</a></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/index.htm</FONT></FONT></u><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11666.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">When the screening model estimates that a particular pesticide may leach into ground water at</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11681.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">levels of concern, risk managers may determine that a PGW study will provide quality data to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11695.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reduce the uncertainty in the assessment.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:11880.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:12587.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">15</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11953.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">EPA is currently evaluating mechanistic models such as LEACHM (Hutson and Wagenet, 1992),</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11967.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">PRZM (Carsel et al., 1997), RZWQM (DeCoursey et al., 1989), and PEARL (Leistra, et. al.,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11981.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2001) and comparing estimates to monitoring data from PGW studies and other studies.  OPP’s</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:11995.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">overall ground water modeling approach and conceptual model has been peer reviewed by the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12010.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">FIFRA Scientific Advisory Panel at meetings in February 2005 (USEPA, 2005a) and August,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12024.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2005 (USEPA, 2005b).  This methodology was implemented in water modeling conducted for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12038.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the Revised N-Methyl Carbamate Cumulative Risk Assessment (USEPA, 2007).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12064.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.24  Consideration of Risk</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12084.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Before requiring a PGW study, risk managers at EPA take into consideration the potential for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12098.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">human exposure to pesticide residues in drinking water and related uncertainties. Consideration</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12113.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of risk may also take into account the potential for ground water containing pesticide residues to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12127.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">impact the quality of ecologically sensitive surface water, as well as the intrinsic value of ground</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12141.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water as an important natural resource. Ground water contamination can be difficult and costly to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12155.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">remediate, and it can take many years for contaminants to naturally degrade even when point</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12169.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sources are removed.  Water from private rural wells is typically not treated prior to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12183.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">consumption, and over 27 million people in the United States rely on private rural wells as their</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12198.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">primary water source.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12224.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.3  CASE STUDY</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12255.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The following case study is an example of the exposure assessment process that occurs before a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12269.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ground-water study is required for a (hypothetical) herbicide, Chemical H, proposed for use on</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12283.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">corn and soybeans.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12310.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.31  Exposure Characterization</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12330.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The registration standard for Chemical H required the full complement of environmental fate</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12344.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">studies, and data submitted by the registrant were acceptable.  Overall, Chemical H is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12358.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">characterized as a potentially persistent pesticide (half-lives up to a few months) that can be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12372.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">mobile in a variety of soils.  However, field dissipation studies suggest that Chemical H</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12386.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">degradation may be more rapid (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">$"!"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, within a few weeks) under certain conditions in some soils.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12415.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The aerobic soil metabolism half-life was determined to be 35 to 70 days in studies conducted in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12429.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">several soils, and the anaerobic soil metabolism half-life averaged about 170 days.  Based on</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12443.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">these studies, it appears that Chemical H could be persistent enough in the field for significant</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12457.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">leaching to occur.  However, at some field dissipation study sites, Chemical H dissipated more</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12471.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">rapidly (half-lives were less than three weeks at four of the eight study sites) than other soil-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12485.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">applied pesticides that have been found to reach ground water.  Overall, at eight study sites, field</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12500.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">dissipation half-lives for the upper six inches of soil ranged from 8 to 46 days.  The field</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12514.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">dissipation data indicates that Chemical H appears to degrade more rapidly in acidic soils in the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12528.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">southern part of its use range; however, it is not clear whether the enhanced dissipation in these</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12542.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soils was entirely due to more rapid degradation as opposed to soil leaching or other dissipation</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12556.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">routes.  Although residues were analyzed to a 3-foot depth at several of the field dissipation study</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:12672.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:13379.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">16</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12745.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sites, there were no consistent detections of Chemical H or its major degradate, Chemical H-acid,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12759.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">below 18 inches at any of these sites.  The minimum detection limit was 10 μg/L for both</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12773.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">compounds (the maximum application rate for Chemical H is 0.10 lb ai/A).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12802.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Chemical H is fairly resistant to abiotic hydrolysis. It hydrolyzes slowly in sterile water at pH 5</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12816.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(extrapolated half-life is 91 days) and does not appreciably hydrolyze at pH 7 and 9 over the 30-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12830.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">day study period.  Chemical H, though, is very susceptible to photolysis, with an aqueous</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12844.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">photolysis half-life of 1 day and a soil photolysis half-life of 7 days.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12872.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">In general, the laboratory data show that Chemical H is persistent in most soils with a degrada-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12887.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">tion half-life of 5 to 10 weeks.  Chemical H-acid, the primary degradate, appears to persist for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12901.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">several months or longer in neutral or alkaline soils.  However, this degradate has not been found</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12915.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">to persist in photolysis studies.  No other degradates were found to accumulate at more than 5%</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12929.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of the applied parent compound.  In the field, the accumulation of Chemical H-acid residues was</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12943.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">highly variable, ranging from a maximum of 5% of the applied Chemical H at one site to a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12957.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">maximum of 50% of the applied Chemical H at another site.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:12986.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Chemical H partitions primarily into the soil water in most soils.  In soil column leaching studies,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13000.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">it is mobile in a sandy soil containing 1.4% organic matter (5% to 10% leaching through the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13014.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">column) and moderately mobile in sandy loam (1.1% O.M.) and loamy sand (2.0% O.M.) soils</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13028.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(1% to 5% leaching through the column).  In batch equilibrium studies, K (in this case</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:425.15pt;top:13033.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">d</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13042.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">equivalent to Freundlich adsorption constants) values ranged from 0.8 to 3.4 in five soils tested.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13056.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The degree of adsorption was roughly proportional to soil organic matter content.  The K</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:498.25pt;top:13061.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">oc</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13071.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ranged from 34 to 72; the median K</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:243.95pt;top:13076.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">oc</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:254.30pt;top:13071.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">was 47.  The only K greater than 1.4 in four soils tested</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:351.10pt;top:13076.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">d</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13085.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">was associated with a soil containing 12% organic matter.  It should also be noted that Chemical</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13099.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">H solubility is considerably reduced in alkaline soils.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13127.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Chemical H-acid is even more mobile than Chemical H, with K</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:377.30pt;top:13132.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">oc</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:387.60pt;top:13127.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">values from batch equilibrium</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13141.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">studies ranging from 4 to 17 in the same four soils in which Chemical H sorption was studied.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13156.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The degradate was not confirmed to leach below 18 inches in field dissipation studies sampled to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13170.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">a 3-foot depth, but the soil analytical method could only detect residues exceeding about 20% of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13184.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the applied pesticide, even if it was applied at the maximum rate and was fully retained in the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13198.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">upper six inches of soil.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13224.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.32  Monitoring</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13244.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Chemical H parent was detected in ground water sampled in a small number (5) of studies</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13259.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reported in the Office of Pesticide Program’s (OPP's) Pesticides in Ground Water Database</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13273.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(USEPA, 1992).  Although three detections exceeded the pesticide's Maximum Contaminant</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13287.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Level (MCL) and Health Advisory Level (HAL) of  7 </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9.96pt">μ</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">g/L, the majority of the detections (75%)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13301.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">were below 1 </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9.96pt">μ</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">g/L.  No monitoring data are available for Chemical H-acid in ground water.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13315.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sufficient monitoring data, though, are available for the parent to demonstrate that Chemical H</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13329.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">does leach to ground water after registered applications in some areas.  However, some of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13344.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">higher concentrations reported may be due to chemical spills or other accidents.  The monitoring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:13464.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:14171.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">17</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13537.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">data have not been collected in a sufficiently systematic way to determine under what specific</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13551.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conditions Chemical H is most likely to reach ground water.  Based on a gross examination of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13565.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the monitoring data, it appears that ground-water contamination may be more likely in the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13579.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">northern part of the Chemical H use area.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13606.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.33  Modeling</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13626.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Initially, evaluation of Chemical H was performed with the screening model SCI-GROW.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13640.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Screening modeling demonstrates that Chemical H has the characteristics (at least in the majority</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13654.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of use sites) of other pesticides with long-established uses that have been found in ground water.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:75.00pt;top:13668.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">This is especially true of Chemical H-acid, which is both more mobile and more persistent than</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13682.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Chemical H parent.  The soil half-life of this degradate has not been directly measured, but it</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13697.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">appears to be much longer than 6 months in at least some soils.  Based on SCI-GROW</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13711.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">concentration estimates, residues of Chemical H alone exceed the aggregate risks for drinking</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13725.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water alone in OPP’s human dietary risk assessment; similar exposure estimates for the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13739.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">degradate, which is assumed to have similar toxicity, will add to the risk.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13767.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">PRZM modeling was conducted at 10 representative use sites.  A simulation of leached residues</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13782.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">for Chemical H was compared with simulated Chemical P residues, the corn and soybean</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13796.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">herbicide most commonly detected in ground water.  Twenty separate application years were</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13810.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">simulated at each site.  At 1 of the 10 sites, measured Chemical P residues from a vadose zone</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13824.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and ground-water monitoring study were compared with simulations for both chemicals.  PRZM</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13838.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">only roughly predicted the overall amount of Chemical P and its chemical behavior as it leached</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13852.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">through the soil profile.  At this, and at most other sites, when aerobic metabolism half-lives and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13866.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">average K</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:120.60pt;top:13871.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">oc</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:130.90pt;top:13866.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">values were used, modeling always predicted that Chemical H would leach to a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13881.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">depth of 3 or 6 feet more than Chemical P (as a percentage of the application rate).  However, if</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13895.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the Chemical H degradation half-life was shorter (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, less than two weeks), then predicted</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13909.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">leaching as well as the magnitude of residues was generally less than that of Chemical P.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13923.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Chemical H-acid, when formed in sufficient quantities, was also predicted to leach substantially</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13937.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">at many use sites.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13964.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.34  Data Evaluation</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13984.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The weight-of-evidence of the environmental fate properties of the pesticide are enough to raise</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:13998.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">concern about its potential to reach ground water.  Since the photolysis half-life for Chemical H</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14012.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">is short, the foliar application for this chemical is considered less of a concern than the soil-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14026.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">incorporation method.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14054.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Modeling shows that there is a significant risk of Chemical H residues leaching to ground water.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14069.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Based on a comparison with monitoring data, both Chemical H and Chemical H-acid residues</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14083.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">may impact the quality of ground water and exceed EPA’s regulatory endpoint in at least a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14097.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">portion of the use area.  Moreover, Chemical H-acid has been found in tissues of laboratory</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14111.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">animals in studies used to calculate the MCL and has also been found in tissues of fish, which</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14125.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">appear to be among the most sensitive non-target organisms.  Ecotoxicity studies indicate that</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14139.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">concentrations of 1 </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9.96pt">μ</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">g/L in water over a period of a few weeks exceed Levels of Concern (LOCs)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:14256.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:14963.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">18</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14329.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">for freshwater fish (Risk Quotient (RQ) of 12-30).  This exceedance may pose a risk in areas</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14343.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">where ground water discharges to surface water bodies.  A more definitive analysis of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14357.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">scenarios under which Chemical H residues leach significantly to ground water cannot be made</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14371.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">at this time because of the uncertainty regarding the subsurface behavior of Chemical H and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14386.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Chemical H-acid.  Such data could be obtained, however, from PGW studies.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14414.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Given the large potential use area (corn and soybeans) for this pesticide, at least two ground-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14428.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water monitoring studies are recommended to characterize potential exposure: one in a high-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14442.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">exposure area and another in a more typical-use area.  For these studies, the pesticide should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14456.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">applied by soil incorporation at the maximum rate allowed on the label.  EPA is also requesting</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14471.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">that a more sensitive analytical method be developed for Chemical H and Chemical H-acid in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14485.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water, which detects residues at 0.1µg/L rather than the current 0.5 </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9.96pt">μ</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">g/L.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14513.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">This case study illustrates the complex analysis that is involved in determining the environmental</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14527.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">fate of a pesticide and in evaluating its potential to impact the quality of ground water as a result</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14541.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of normal agricultural use.  The uncertainty in this analysis may be greater for chemicals that</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14556.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">have never been used and for degradation products that have little environmental fate data.  In</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14570.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">these cases, scientists should rely exclusively on the environmental fate assessment to determine</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14584.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the likelihood of leaching, and on predictions of models to estimate the concentrations that may</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14598.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">occur.  PGW studies may provide EPA risk assessors and risk managers with particularly</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14612.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">valuable information in these circumstances.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14639.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.4  STUDY COMPONENTS</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14670.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">This guidance is intended to be performance-based, rather than a definitive description of how to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14684.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">install wells and how to collect samples.  The goal is to provide the study director with adequate</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14698.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">flexibility in selecting equipment and methods needed to provide high quality results, while at the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14712.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">same time standardizing the study design.  This flexibility also allows the study director to install</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14726.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">more sampling devices and collect more samples than stipulated to meet the goal of the study,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14740.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">when needed.  For example, if EPA approves a site where the hydrology is more complex and the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14755.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">depth to ground water is greater, for the study to be successful, more site instrumentation may be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14769.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">needed, and the term of the study is likely to be longer in order to determine the concentrations of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14783.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the pesticide and major degradates</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14811.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The major design components for PGW monitoring studies and guidance on how to carry out</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:14825.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">these studies are explained in detail in the following chapters of this document:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:14854.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:122.40pt;top:14854.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Site Selection</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:14882.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:122.40pt;top:14882.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Site Characterization and Site-Specific Conceptual Model</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:14910.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:122.40pt;top:14910.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Monitoring Plan Design</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:15048.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:15755.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">19</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15121.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:122.40pt;top:15121.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Site Characterization and Monitoring Plan Design Reports</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15149.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:122.40pt;top:15149.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Monitoring Plan Implementation</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15178.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:122.40pt;top:15178.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Reporting</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15218.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1.5 STUDY RESULTS</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15249.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">As specific stages of a PGW study are completed, results should be reported to EPA.  These</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15263.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">different reports require varying levels of effort and detail and are described more fully in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15278.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">subsequent chapters of this guidance.  The reports should include the following information:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:15306.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15306.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Site Selection Report</FONT></u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">:  Maps, tables, and a brief interpretive text.  EPA will select the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15320.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study site from the set of candidate sites proposed by the registrant.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:15348.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15348.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Site Characterization and Monitoring Plan Design Reports</FONT></u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">: Site-specific data, more</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15363.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">detailed interpretation, and a proposed monitoring plan, including maps.  The Site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15377.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Characterization and Monitoring Plan Design Reports should be submitted to and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15391.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">approved by EPA before the monitoring plan implementation phase of a ground-water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15405.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study can begin.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:15433.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15433.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Quarterly Progress Reports</FONT></u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">:  Brief data summary relying on summary tables and graphs.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15447.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">New data for the quarter are highlighted in these reports, and any deviations from</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15462.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">protocol, equipment failures, or other complications are identified.  Typically, reviews of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15476.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">these quarterly reports will not prompt any action, unless results of analysis or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15490.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">irregularities in the performance of the study warrant further action.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:15518.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15518.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Termination Report</FONT></u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">:  Brief letter report that indicates study results and rationale for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15532.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">termination along with accompanying data summary.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:15561.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15561.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Final Report</FONT></u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">: The final report will consist of a final review of study results and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15575.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">appendices, containing earlier submissions.  This final report will serve as a comprehen-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:15589.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sive primary reference for the study.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15617.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The following chapters describe, in more detail, the components of a PGW monitoring study.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15644.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 2 - SITE SELECTION</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15675.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Careful selection of ground-water monitoring study sites is critical in ensuring that study results</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15689.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">are useful to aid risk assessors and regulatory managers in pesticide regulatory decisions. The</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15703.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soils, hydrogeology, and climate at the study site (or sites) should be accurately described or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15717.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">characterized in order to properly instrument the site and to interpret the results of the study.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:15840.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:16547.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">20</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15913.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Also, the range of soils, hydrogeology, and climatic characteristics represented by the use site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15927.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be established to properly interpret the data collected.  The characteristics of candidate</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15941.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sites will depend on the specific use and the conditions the study is intended to explore</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15955.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">,"high exposure" or "typical use," irrigated or dryland sites).  For example, a site may be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15970.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">selected because it has the combination of environmental characteristics typically associated with</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15984.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ground water quality problems.  Another aspect to consider in site selection is that the conditions</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:15998.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">are such that the study can be conducted within a reasonable and predictable time frame.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16012.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Ultimately, the success of the site selection will be performance based.  The study should be able</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16026.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">to clearly track an applied tracer through the vadose zone to the saturated zone and track any</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16040.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">downward movement of pesticide residues.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16069.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">OPP recommends that the registrant consider a number of sites in the preliminary site selection</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16083.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">process.  The following four-step process for the selection of field sites is suggested.  These steps</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16097.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">are described in detail in the following sections:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:16125.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:16125.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Study Scope</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:16154.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:16154.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A Set of Candidate Sites</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:16182.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:16182.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Cooperator Interview</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:16210.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:16210.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Preliminary Site Characterization</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16239.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">All proposed sites that meet the criteria discussed in this chapter should be suitable for study.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16253.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sites should be ranked according to soil type, hydrogeologic characteristics and other relevant</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16267.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">factors, and this information should be submitted to EPA in tabular form.  Pesticide application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16281.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and data collection cannot begin before the study site is approved in writing by EPA.  Therefore,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16295.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">in the interest of saving time and resources, the study director should take special care during site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16309.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">selection to identify candidate sites.  Full site characterization activities (Chapter 3) may begin</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16324.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">following EPA approval of the study site(s).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16350.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.1  STUDY SCOPE</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16379.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.11 Definition</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16399.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The first step in selecting a study site is for the registrant to describe where and how the pesticide</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16413.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">will be or is used.  Included in the preliminary assessment should be usage (application rates,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16427.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">number of applications, maximum application) information for all use sites, stratified by</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16442.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">geographic area (region, state, and county).  The registrant should also provide information on</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16456.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the pesticide formulation, relevant agronomic practices (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, application timing or irrigation</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16470.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">requirements), mode of action and environmental fate characteristics of the pesticide or soil</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16484.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">properties that affect the mobility or persistence of a pesticide in the field.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:16632.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:17339.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">21</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16705.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Since a pesticide use area may have some locations with a greater probability for contamination</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16719.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of ground water than others, the registrant should assess the ground-water "vulnerability"</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16733.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">throughout the use area.  Ground-water vulnerability depends on many factors, and can be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16747.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">characterized using overlay (GIS) and indexing methods (Leaching Potential) (Kellog et al.,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16762.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1992; Diaz-Diaz et al., 1998),  process-based methods (modeling), or statistical methods.  The</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16776.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">assessment can be as simple as county-scale ranking, or as sophisticated as layered GIS data layer</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16790.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">maps (Burkart et al., 1994) or vulnerability surfaces.  Appropriate State Agencies may be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16804.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">contacted to determine whether areas highly susceptible to contamination of ground water have</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16818.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">already been identified in the usage areas.  The registrant should use any of these methods to:  1)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16832.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">describe the overall vulnerability of the pesticide use area to contamination of ground water; 2)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16847.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">identify the vulnerability associated with a "typical use site"; 3) identify sites throughout the use</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16861.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">area that are most vulnerable to contamination of ground water; and 4) characterize the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16875.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">vulnerability of the sites they propose to study.  The registrant should provide a complete</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16889.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">description of the tool used to assess vulnerability and how this tool was used to select the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16903.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">candidate sites.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16932.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Based on this information, EPA will determine the uses for which the monitoring study is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16946.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">required, the number of studies for each use, the implementation schedule, and the conditions of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16960.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the study (application method, soil type, geographic area).  More than one study site may be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16974.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">needed because of major differences between uses (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#" </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">rice or corn), or if use occurs in very</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:16988.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">different geographic areas (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, CA and NY).  A careful definition of study scope will assure that</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17002.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the answers to regulatory questions such as these are obtained:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:17031.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:17031.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Will the pesticide leach at any location in the pesticide use area? Will fate</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:17045.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">properties be important or influence study results (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, soil pH and pesticide</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:17059.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">hydrolysis)?</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:17087.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:17087.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Which uses pose the greatest risk of leaching?</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:17116.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:17116.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Is there a high risk that leaching will occur in a specific geographic area or for a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:17130.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">specific use; if so, what measures can mitigate this risk?</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17158.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">It</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:82.10pt;top:17158.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">is important to design individual prospective ground-water studies to answer questions</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17172.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">particular to the pesticide in question.  The chemical properties of a pesticide may require that the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17186.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">registrant evaluate leaching potential for application to different soil types, for different</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17201.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application methods, formulations or for applications at different label rates.  If a single study is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17215.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">performed on a site representing high vulnerability for leaching within a pesticide's use area, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17229.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide residues are not found in the ground water or deep within the soil column, it can be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17243.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">assumed that this chemical is not likely to leach unless subsequent monitoring data show</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17257.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">otherwise.  On the other hand, studies performed on a highly vulnerable site and at a less</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17271.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">vulnerable site that may be more "typical" of the pesticide's use would provide some basis for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17286.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">extrapolation of leaching potential between these different scenarios, perhaps through the use of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17300.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">computer models.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:17424.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:18131.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">22</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17511.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">This preliminary assessment is intended to identify acceptable sites that are candidates for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17525.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">extensive site characterization activities.  The regional assessment of candidate areas should yield</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17539.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">a list of areas where vulnerable and relatively homogeneous sites might be found.  Study sites</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17554.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">that are approximately 2 to 5 acres are then identified within these candidate regions.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17580.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.12  Compounds of Interest and Analytical Methods</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17600.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">All pesticides, major pesticide degradates in the study and the conservative tracer compound to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17614.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be used on the site are considered compounds of interest.  A major degradate is one accounting</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17628.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">for </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">> </FONT></u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">10% of the applied at any time during the laboratory studies, or one that has been identified</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17642.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">as of potential toxicological, environmental or ecological concern.  The test pesticide should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17657.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">applied only once using the method of application stated on the product label.  The application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17671.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be made at the highest recommended label rate for the crop used in the study.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17699.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A comprehensive description of the methods (USEPA, 1992) selected for the analysis of all</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17713.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">compounds of interest should be provided.  Information on the analytical procedures to be used</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17727.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">for both water and soil samples, and on the method detection limits (MDL) (USEPA, 1992)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17742.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should also be reported.  Any background information and references that might assist EPA in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17756.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the evaluation of the nature, accuracy, and selectiveness of all proposed analytical methods</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17770.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should also be included.  If no standard analytical method is available for the compounds of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17784.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">interest, methods should be developed, validated, and approved by EPA before beginning the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17798.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">prospective study, to ensure that the study is acceptable.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17826.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Since the enactment of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA), the Agency is required</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17841.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">to conduct an assessment of human exposure from all routes (aggregate exposure).  This requires</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17855.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">a consideration of exposure from chemicals with similar modes of action, including degradates</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17869.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(common mode).  Therefore, to obtain an indication of the human health risk associated with a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17883.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide in ground water, the cumulative exposure of multiple chemicals should be determined.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17897.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">When selecting an analytical method for a specific pesticide, several factors should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17911.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">considered.  The MDL and practical quantitation limit (PQL) should be appropriate for the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17926.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">objectives of the analysis.  MDL refers to the minimum concentration of the compound of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17940.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">interest that can be measured and reported with a specified confidence (99% probability) that the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17954.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">concentration is above zero (USEPA, 1992).  The registrants should provide or develop a state-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17968.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of-the-art analytical method for pore-water or ground water for the parent pesticide and its</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17982.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">degradates that has an MDL at or below 0.01% of the label application rate (calculated as the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:17996.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">average concentration if the applied pesticide amount were distributed over the top 12 inches –</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18011.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">which normally weighs about 4 million pounds / acre), or 0.05 </FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 9.96pt">μ</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">g/L, whichever is lower</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><b><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">G  </FONT></b><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Unless</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18025.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the agency determines from submitted data by the registrant that a somewhat less sensitive</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18039.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">method is acceptable and likely to still provide a basis for a practical accounting of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18053.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">subsurface fate of the pesticide residues at the study site(s).  PQL refers to the lowest</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18067.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">concentration at which the laboratory can confidently quantify the concentration of the compound</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18082.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of interest.  The study authors should report all samples with concentrations above the MDL as</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18096.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">detections, including those below the PQL in which the concentration cannot be quantified.  In</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:18216.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:18923.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">23</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18289.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">addition, the study authors should provide sample equations to demonstrate how the PQL was</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18303.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">calculated.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18331.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Analytical methods used should also be selective for the compound of interest and free of any</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18346.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">interference problems from other substances likely to be present in the sample.  If less selective</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18360.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">methods are used (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, ELISA (immunoassay) methods, gas chromatography (GC) with electron</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18374.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">capture detection or nitrogen/phosphorous detection for sample screening), all detections should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18388.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be confirmed using a different method (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, a second GC column with a different polarity).  The</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18402.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">procedure used to analyze significant degradates identified in the Subdivision N Environmental</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18416.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Fate studies should also be reported.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18443.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.2  A SET OF CANDIDATE SITES</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18474.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The second step in the site selection process is a regional assessment of sites within the pesticide</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18488.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">use area and identification of candidate sites.  The characteristics of candidate sites will depend</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18502.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">on the specific use and the conditions the study is intended to explore ("high exposure" or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18516.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">"typical use," irrigated or dryland, etc.).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18545.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A regional assessment for candidate sites involves several steps.  It is important to first</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18559.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">investigate certain general factors including pesticide use, vulnerability of the use area, soil type,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18573.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and general hydrology including aquifer type and depth, and climate.  Aquifers are herein defined</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18587.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">as a saturated geologic unit that can transmit significant quantities of water under ordinary</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18601.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">hydraulic gradients.  However, many individuals rely on shallow ground water sources (</FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">$"!"</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18615.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">shallow saturated soils) that do not necessarily meet this definition.  The term “aquifer” used</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18630.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">throughout this guidance is intended to cover both types of drinking water sources.  This</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18644.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reconnaissance work can be done easily using spatially distributed data such as a GIS display.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18658.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Once an area is found that appears to meet these factors, the next step is to look for individual</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18672.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">fields that might be appropriate for the study.  At this time, it is important to focus on specific</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18686.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">site characteristics including aquifer characteristics and other criteria listed below.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18715.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">With few exceptions, all candidate sites for a prospective ground-water study should meet the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:18729.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">following criteria (ordered by expected significance):</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:18757.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:18757.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Unconfined aquifer,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:18785.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:18785.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Less than 30-foot depth to the water table,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:18814.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:18814.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">No flow restrictive layers between the surface and water table,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:18842.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:18842.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Single Soil Series Mapping Unit</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:18870.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:18870.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Less than or equal to 2% topographic slope (generally level),</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:19008.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:19715.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">24</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:19081.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:19081.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Two to five acres in area, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:19109.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:19109.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sufficient distance from drainage features to ensure stable hydraulic gradient</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:19123.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conditions.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19150.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.21  Unconfined Aquifer</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19170.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Prospective ground-water monitoring studies are designed to monitor the downward movement</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19184.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of pesticides toward the water table.  The quality of ground water in shallow, unconfined aquifers</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19198.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">where recharge is rapid is most likely to be affected by pesticide use.  The impact of pesticide use</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19212.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">under these conditions is manifested reasonably quickly.  Under different conditions, for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19226.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">example, where the aquifer is deep or recharge is not rapid, it may take several years for the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19241.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">impact of a pesticide to be measured in ground water.  Therefore, the time it takes for a pesticide</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19255.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">to leach from its point of application to ground water (its travel time) can be quite variable and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19269.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">highly dependant upon transport pathways.  It is therefore important to consider the “travel time”</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19283.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of the tracer or pesticide residues to reach ground water when selecting a site.  Travel time will</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19297.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">most likely increase with increasing depth.  Thus, the study maybe required to continue for a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19311.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">longer period of time.  Registrants should therefore consider travel time while the site selection</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19326.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">process is occurring.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19354.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Unconfined aquifers are defined here as those where the water table forms the upper boundary</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19368.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and where no significant low-permeability layers overlie that boundary.  The water table is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19382.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">defined as the top of the saturated zone, where the fluid pressure is approximately equal to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19396.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">atmospheric pressure (Freeze and Cherry, 1979).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19423.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.22  Shallow Depth</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19443.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Depth to the uppermost aquifer material is an important variable in determining the vulnerability</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19457.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of shallow unconfined aquifers to contamination of agricultural chemicals.  Kolpin et al. (1993)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19471.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">stated that the greater the depth to the top of the aquifer, the smaller the frequency of herbicide</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19485.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">detection.  In Mehnert et al. (1995), study results showed that the occurrence of agricultural</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19499.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">chemicals was higher when the well depth was less than 30 feet.  Therefore, to determine the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19513.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">potential for a pesticide to leach during the time frame in which the study occurs, shallow is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19528.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">defined here to be an average depth to ground water of less than or equal to 30 feet and the depth</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19542.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">to the water table suggests a recharge zone.  While no specific depth is considered “too shallow,”</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19556.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sites with shallow water tables may actually have an upward flux rather than downward flux.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19570.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Therefore, professional judgment should be exercised to avoid picking a site with too shallow a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19584.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ground water table.  Sites with drain tiles, drainage ditches, etc. may also need to be considered</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19598.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">for some pesticide uses particularly in those geographic use areas where they dominate.  As noted</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19613.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">above, sites with preferential flow and tile drains will require specialized protocols which will</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19627.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">need to be reviewed on a case-by-case basis.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19653.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.23  No Flow Restrictive Layers</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19673.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sites with soil layers that may restrict the downward movement of water should be avoided.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19687.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Often the definition of restrictive zones is limited to those layers such as clays and hard pans that</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:19800.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:20507.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">25</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19873.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">restrict downward water movement.  These are soil layers that normally have low hydraulic</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19887.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conductivity values (less than 0.5 cm per hour (Soil Survey Staff, 1992).  Soil particle size</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19901.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">distribution (texture), soil structure, and pore size distribution are factors that significantly</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19915.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">influence the leaching of pesticides through the soil profile to ground water (USEPA, 1990).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19930.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">However, soil layers with highly contrasting soil textures may also inhibit water flow (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, sandy</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19944.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">loam overlying a coarse sand or fine gravel) and should not be considered. Sites should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19958.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">carefully evaluated for soil properties that may inhibit water flow.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:19984.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.24  Preferential Flow</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20004.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Consideration should be given to selecting sites with a documented history of preferential flow</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20018.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">where the pesticide may be used in that area.  Pesticides which will be used in areas dominated</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20033.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">by preferential flow (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">$"!" </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soils with macropores or fingered flow in sandy soils) may leach faster</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20047.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">in these soils than conventional flow transport processes and may be more representative of a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20061.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">“high exposure” scenario for that chemical.  The consideration of sites dominated by preferential</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20075.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">flow should be considered on a case by case basis.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20103.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Completion of test pits are a quick and inexpensive method for evaluating soil variability and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20118.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">determining if preferential flow is likely to be an important process at a site.  Data collected</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20132.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">during a study may also indicate if preferential flow processes are important.  Site specific data</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20146.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">can answer questions which provide insight into the presence of preferential flow processes.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20160.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Examples of the types of questions are “did the tracer reach ground water quicker than expected,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20174.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">or not at all?”, “did pesticide leach to ground water faster than expected from modeling?”, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20188.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">“is there variability in occurrence time and concentration of tracer and pesticide in lysimeters?”.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20202.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The answers to these questions can provide information which suggests that preferential flow</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20217.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">process may, or may not, be important at a specific site.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20243.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.25  Tile Drains</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20263.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">In some instances, a pesticide may be proposed for use in an area dominated by tile drains.  Site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20277.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">selection should consider the occurrence of tile drains.  However, care should be used when</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20291.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">considering a site with tile drains.  Installation of tile drains can fundamentally alter the structure</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20305.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of subsurface soils and result in “artificial” pathways for leaching.  In no cases, should a site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20320.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">selected with tiles drains eliminate ground-water monitoring as part of the design due to the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20334.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">presence of tile drains.  Sampling of tile drains may be considered as a supplement to the study,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20348.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">but not as a substitute to other required elements.  The consideration of sites dominated by tile</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20362.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">drains should be considered on a case by case basis.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20388.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.26  Single Soil Series Mapping Unit</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20408.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Single soil series mapping units in the field are desirable to best define the conditions represented</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20423.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">by multiple samples collected over the extent of the field.  While no field is truly homogeneous,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20437.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sites can be selected to minimize site variability and sampling designs can be used to better</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20451.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">understand pesticide fate.  The site should have uniform soil characteristics in three dimensions:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20465.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">aerially or spatially (same series) and vertically (similar properties from the soil surface to the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:20592.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:21299.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">26</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20665.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water table).  It is likely to be easier to ensure that soils are uniform spatially, than that they do</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20679.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">not vary with depth.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20707.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The study director should at least ensure that each 2- to 5-acre study site be a single soil mapping</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20722.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">unit as defined by the National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS) (formerly Soil</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20736.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Conservation Service or SCS).  The mapping unit should be a consociation, which is a delineated</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20750.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">unit dominated by a single soil series and similar soils.  In general, at least three-quarters of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20764.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">mapping unit consists of the named soil series and similar soils (from a hydrologic standpoint).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20778.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The total amount of dissimilar inclusions are generally less than 15 % if the soil properties are</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20792.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">more limiting and  25 % in not limiting (Soil Division Staff, 1993).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20821.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Once a particular study area has been identified, specific soil mapping units containing the soil</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20835.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">series on the candidate site can be found by consulting county soil surveys published by NRCS.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20849.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Refinement of NRCS maps may be necessary to achieve the level of detail necessary for site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20863.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">selection and characterization.  The soils maps should be evaluated and refined as needed by a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20877.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">qualified soil scientist.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20906.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">In addition to being relatively homogenous over the candidate study site, the soil physical</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20920.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">properties should be consistent with the conditions the study is intended to evaluate.  For</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20934.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">instance, soils appropriate for high-exposure ground-water monitoring studies should be among</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20948.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the most vulnerable soils allowed on the product label for a particular use.  Two types of soils are</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:20962.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">appropriate in these situations:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:20991.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:20991.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Coarse-textured soils with low organic matter content: These soils are characterized by</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:21005.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">high sand content, low silt and clay content, and low organic matter (less than 2%) in the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:21019.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">uppermost soil horizons; or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:21047.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:21047.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Structured soils with high hydraulic conductivity.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21076.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sites that do not consist of either of these types of soils would be removed from further</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21090.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">consideration.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21118.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The selection of a "typical use" study site would be carried out in a similar fashion, but the main</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21132.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">selection criteria would favor a site representative of the most common conditions to which the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21146.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide will be applied, which might not reflect the highest vulnerability to leaching.  A</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21161.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">determination of the areas with the greatest use cannot be the sole criterion in the selection of a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21175.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study site.  "Typical use" studies will only be requested if there is a question as to whether the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21189.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide will leach under those conditions.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21215.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.27  Low Topographic Slope</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21235.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The site should be as level as possible to minimize runoff or run-on.  The topographic gradient of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21249.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">proposed study sites should not exceed 2%.  In addition to slope, the shape of the land surface</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:21384.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:22091.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">27</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21457.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should also be considered.  For example, concave land surfaces will encourage infiltration and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21471.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">convex land surfaces would tend to encourage runoff, and should therefore be avoided.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21498.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.28  Stable Hydraulic Gradient</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21517.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">It</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:82.10pt;top:21517.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">is recommended that study sites not be located within the radius of influence of irrigation or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21532.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">production wells.  Sites also should not be located near surface-water bodies or tides that control</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21546.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the direction of ground-water flow.  The Agency has a concern that surficial water bodies could</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21560.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">cause extreme fluctuations in the direction of ground-water flow.  Whatever information that</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21574.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">might be gained concerning the leaching potential of a pesticide would be obscured by the effects</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21588.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of outside influences on the height of the water table and direction of ground-water flow.  Further</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21602.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">information on local conditions may be obtained from area reconnaissance and an investigation</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21617.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of wells and surface drainage features on surrounding properties.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21643.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.3  COOPERATOR INTERVIEW</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21674.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The third step in the site selection process is to interview farmers ("cooperators") to investigate</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21688.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the history of pesticide use at each site and to secure permission to use individual fields as study</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21702.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sites.  Once the registrant has narrowed the search for appropriate study sites to the county or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21717.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soil-series level, individual candidate sites can be identified.  Individual farmers should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21731.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">contacted about past agricultural practices and the long-term availability of the site for extended</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21745.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring. If the farmer has not owned the property for at least the past five years, the previous</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21759.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">owner should be contacted if possible to establish additional site history.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21785.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.31  No Prior History of Test Pesticide Use</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21805.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The history of the site should be known in order to identify use of the test pesticide, degradates,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21819.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">tracer, or other compounds which could interfere with analytical procedures or interpretation of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21834.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the study results.  Therefore, the registrant should demonstrate that there has been no use of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21848.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">test pesticide on the test site during the previous five-year period.  For pesticides with extremely</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21862.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">long half-lives (greater than six months), study directors should investigate a longer prior use</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21876.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">history (an additional two to five years of site history, when possible).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21904.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Pesticide use information should be verified using the cooperator's written records.  In addition,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21919.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the study director should be thorough in inquiring if any pesticide spills, pesticide storage near</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21933.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">wells, or other point sources have occurred at or near the site.  In addition, sites that have</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21947.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">received fill material from off-site sources should be identified due to potential contamination</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21961.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">issues.  It is incumbent upon the study director to fully investigate the site and report results</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21975.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">before </FONT></u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the commencement of the monitoring study.  Sites where such potential point sources</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:21989.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">occur should be eliminated from further consideration at this stage.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22016.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.32  Long-Term Availability of Study Site</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22036.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Ground-water monitoring studies are typically conducted over a 2 to 3 year period.  The length of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22050.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the required monitoring period is determined by several factors, the most important of which is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22064.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the pattern of movement of both the pesticide and tracer through the soil column, as determined</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:22176.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:22883.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">28</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22249.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">by the analysis of pore-water and well-water samples.  The site owner should be made aware that</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22263.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">time estimates are imperfect, and that study conditions or chemical properties (i.e. very persistent</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22277.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">chemicals) may require the site to be available for more than 3 years.  Additionally, in cases</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22291.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">where leaching of the pesticide is being investigated at multiple sites or in cases where</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22306.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application to sandy soils has already been excluded from the registration label, then studies may</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22320.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">need to be conducted at sites where travel times to ground water are longer.  If a site is not</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22334.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">available for a minimum 2 to 3 years, the site should be eliminated from further consideration at</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22348.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">this stage.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22374.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.4 PRELIMINARY SITE CHARACTERIZATION</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22406.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The fourth step in the site selection process is to undertake a reconnaissance of candidate sites.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22420.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The final result should be a set of proposed study sites.  Once a set of candidate fields has been</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22434.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">identified and access is secured, preliminary characterization should be carried out.  This</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22448.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">investigation includes estimations of soil characteristics and variability, a description of site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22462.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">hydrogeology, identification of topographic and surface features that could impact the study, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22476.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">site access considerations.  Utilizing benchmark soil series as established by the NRCS will</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22491.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">provide the registrant with additional soils data.  Because these Benchmark series fall within a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22505.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">specified range of criteria and is available in GIS coverage, the spatial distribution of the soil and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22519.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the range of properties could be characterized to identify how vulnerable the site actually is and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22533.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">how it fits within the entire use area.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22561.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Information about pesticides used on and near the site should be gathered to ensure that</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22575.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">contamination of the aquifer has not occurred.  In addition, it is important to ensure that no</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22590.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">chemicals were applied that would be difficult to analytically separate from the test compound.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22604.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The results of these investigations should be submitted to the Agency in the form of tables</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22618.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">presenting the characteristics of the candidate sites, maps indicating locations of candidate sites,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22632.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">a description of which sites are most preferred, and why.  The presence of compounds that</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22646.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">interfere analytically with the test pesticide will result in rejection of the site.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22675.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Ranking of the various sites should be based on how likely each site would be to meet study</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22689.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">guidelines after full characterization.  A small number of soil samples should be collected for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22703.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">analysis from each candidate site, with the intent of determining the texture, organic matter, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22717.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">permeability of the uppermost soil layers.  Local water table depth should be determined by</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22731.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">consulting the local NRCS office, examining existing wells on the site, or by installing</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22745.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">piezometers.  The natural configuration of the land surface should also be considered; sites</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22760.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">containing depressions or low-lying areas that could facilitate ponding should be avoided.  Any</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22774.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">additional information that can be collected during this phase of the characterization should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22788.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">further the goal of ensuring that a chosen site will be accepted after a more resource-intensive,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:22802.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">full site characterization.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:22968.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:23675.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">29</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23041.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Upon receiving the preliminary site characterization data from the registrant, EPA will give</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23055.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conditional acceptance of sites that appear to be consistent with study guidelines.  Full site-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23069.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">characterization can then commence.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23096.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2.41  Absence of Dominant Fracture Flow</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23116.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The hydraulic gradient, the configuration of the piezometric (or potentiometric) surface, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23130.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">textural variations in the aquifer media are typically used to estimate the average direction and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23144.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">velocity of ground-water flow.  This technique is not appropriate for the determination of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23158.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ground-water flow and velocity in karst or highly fractured regions.  For this reason, areas where</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23172.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">prevalent ground-water flow occurs along karst or fracture-flow features are generally</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23186.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">unacceptable for highly vulnerable study sites, unless significant use of the pesticide is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23201.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">anticipated in such an environment.  Special monitoring techniques should be planned for such</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23215.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">situations.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:23760.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:24467.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">30</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23845.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 3 - SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND CONCEPTUAL MODEL</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23876.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Interpretation of the results of a prospective ground-water monitoring study largely depends upon</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23890.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">whether the hydrogeology of the study site is adequately understood.  Site characterization data</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23905.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">are necessary to more accurately assess site vulnerability, thereby placing into context results of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23919.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the study relative to conditions throughout the pesticide use area.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23947.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Site characterization includes a description of topography at the site and in the vicinity, soil</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23961.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">characteristics, and vadose and saturated zone hydrogeology.  Descriptions of agronomic</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23975.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">practices (including irrigation and tillage) and climate (rainfall frequency, amount, and seasonal</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:23990.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">distribution) are also fundamental.  This information is needed before monitoring equipment is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24004.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">installed.  Information collected in this phase of the study may be used as input parameters for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24018.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">computer models.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24046.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A conceptual model should be developed to understand how the site characteristics may affect</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24060.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the fate of the test pesticide.  This model involves the analysis and interpretation of data collected</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24075.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">during site characterization for soils, the vadose zone, and the saturated zone.  Various methods</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24089.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">exist to compile, analyze, and present these data in both graphical and tabular form.  Visual</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24103.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">displays of data are usually the most convenient and useful for presenting site characterization</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24117.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">data.  Once the flow system is understood, and the conceptual model is developed, a monitoring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24131.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">plan can be designed that is suited to the study site (Chapter 4).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24159.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Site characterization activities are divided into four steps.  These steps are described in detail in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24174.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the following sections:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:24202.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:24202.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Existing Local Data and Base Map</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:24230.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:24230.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil and Vadose Zone Investigation</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:24259.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:24259.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Saturated Zone Investigation</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:24287.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:24287.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Conceptual Model</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24315.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Products of site characterization are:  1) a summary of existing local data; 2) a detailed base map;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24329.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3) site- specific characterization data; and 4) a conceptual hydrogeologic model of the site.  All</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24344.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">these data and the conceptual model should be summarized and described in the Site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24358.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Characterization Report (Chapter 5).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24384.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.1 EXISTING LOCAL DATA AND BASE MAP</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24415.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The first step in the site characterization process is to gather all available information about the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24429.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">geology, topography, soils, hydrology, climate, and agricultural practices that could affect the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:24552.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:25259.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">31</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24625.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">fate and transport of the pesticide at the study site.  These data are used to characterize the local</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24639.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">hydrogeologic and agricultural conditions, and relate site-specific conditions to the regional</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24653.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">framework.  The base map of the study site provides a spatial reference for all site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24667.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">characterization information and monitoring results.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24694.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.11 Compile Existing Local Data</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24714.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A description of the regional hydrogeology is important background information for developing</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24728.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the conceptual model of flow and transport at the study site.  An understanding of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24742.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">hydrogeologic framework is typically needed to interpret the results of monitoring and to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24756.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">understand field observations.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24785.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil is a primary factor in regulating whether rainwater runs off or infiltrates.  Data obtained</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24799.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">from soil surveys are used to create maps of soil classes, where average values of soil properties</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24813.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">are estimated within a defined region of a mapping unit (Webster, 1985; Cambardella et al.,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24827.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1994).  Thus, an initial set of possible study site locations can be determined in part with a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24841.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">published United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Soil Conservation Survey.  Site-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24855.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">specific soil characterization and delineation, in addition to the Soil Survey, will normally be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24870.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">necessary.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24898.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The timing and intensity of rainfall has a strong impact on the transport of pesticide residues off a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24912.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">field due to leaching or runoff.  National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24926.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">a nationwide system of weather stations that measures rainfall and computes statistics (averages,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24940.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">return frequencies).  During the course of a prospective ground-water study, an onsite weather</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24954.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">station to measure rainfall amount and intensity, soil and air temperature and pan evaporation is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24969.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">strongly recommended.  Historical rainfall at or near the study site should be determined to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24983.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ensure that water input during the study is consistent with historical data.  A water balance</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:24997.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be developed to provide an estimate of the net historical recharge at the site.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25023.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.12 Develop a Base Map</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25043.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">An accurate base map of each study site should be developed to provide a spatial reference for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25057.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">site characterization observations and for subsequent monitoring data.  The base map should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25072.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">fully represent the significant features of the study site and the surrounding area; particularly</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25086.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">those that may affect ground and surface water flow systems.  It is strongly recommended that all</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25100.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">base maps include:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:25128.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:25128.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The location of the test site by latitude and longitude (and by township range, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:25142.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">section).  The use of more exact methods, such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:25157.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">standard survey methods should also be considered,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:25185.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:25185.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The location of nearby roads, surface water bodies, fences, and municipal boundaries,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:25213.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:25213.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The location of nearby wells (including identification of irrigation source), canals, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:25227.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">drainage systems,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:25344.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:26051.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">32</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:25431.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:25431.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The date the base map was developed and the sources of base map information,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:25459.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:25459.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The organization and individual responsible for the base map,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:25488.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:25488.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The area and slope of the control plot and test plot,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:25516.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:25516.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Ground surface elevations and topographic features in the vicinity of the study site, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:25544.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:25544.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Map scale, map title, county name, and complete legend including topographic contour</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:25559.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">interval, explanation of map symbols, and north arrow.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25587.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Detailed information on site topography is needed to identify areas within a field where leaching</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25601.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">is more likely to occur.  Although a study site should have a low slope overall, small-scale</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25615.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">natural variations in slope within a field can direct the flow of water to runoff or cause it to pond.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25629.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Identification of these areas is important for developing a conceptual model of the site, and in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25644.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">interpreting results of monitoring.  We strongly recommend surveying the study site and adjacent</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25658.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">areas to provide elevation data at a one foot or less contour interval (depending on the slope of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25672.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the site).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25700.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Base maps are used to record the locations of all pertinent study features and sampling sites</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25714.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">including the location of soil cores, infiltration tests, piezometers, monitoring wells, lysimeters,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25728.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">drinking and irrigation wells, buried drainage tiles, weather stations, pesticide mixing and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25743.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">loading areas, pesticide storage facilities, disposal areas, and buildings.  In addition, the location</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25757.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of a control area hydrologically upgradient of the study site should be identified and located on</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25771.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the base map, as well as a site for the test pit excavation.  The Site Characterization Report</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25785.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should include this base map.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25812.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.13 Information Sources</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25831.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sources of information on soils, geology, hydrology, topography and climate include:  local</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25846.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">experts, USDA agricultural extension service, the USGS and state geologic surveys, USDA</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25860.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">NRCS soil surveys, and the NOAA climatic databases.  Information on pertinent surficial</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25874.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">features obtained from aerial photogrammetric surveys may also be of use in base map</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25888.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">development.  State transportation departments, environmental protection departments, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25902.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">county planning departments often maintain such information for land areas under their</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25916.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">jurisdiction.  Private companies may also be a source for aerial photogrammetric information in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25931.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">some areas.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25957.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.2 SOIL AND VADOSE ZONE INVESTIGATION</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:25988.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil structure and variations in soil texture, surficial geology, topography, hydrology, and the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26002.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">impact of years of agricultural practices (e. g. tillage, irrigation, drainage structures) influence the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26016.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">extent to which  precipitation or irrigation will infiltrate or runoff from a field.  If site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:26136.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:26843.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">33</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26209.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">characterization is inadequate, these real-world complexities will limit the interpretation of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26223.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring data.  Thus, characterization of the subsurface is fundamental and necessitates</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26237.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">substantial sampling, particularly between the soil surface and the saturated zone.  The following</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26251.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sections group the investigation into two categories: an exploratory coring program in which</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26266.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sampling and testing occur throughout the study site, and a test pit excavation, located adjacent to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26280.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">or near the study site.  The sections below describe parameters that should be characterized</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26294.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">during the coring and test pit investigations.  There is significant flexibility as to which methods</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26308.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">can be used to measure the parameters for site characterization.  The emphasis is on</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26322.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">performance-based methods as dictated by site specific conditions.  Techniques are to be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26336.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">approved by the EPA prior to use.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26363.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.21  Exploratory Coring Program and Field Testing</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26383.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">All site characterization programs should include an exploratory coring program to directly</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26397.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">investigate and characterize the vadose zone.  The purpose of the exploratory coring program is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26411.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">to obtain information about selected soil properties which reflect a soil's capacity to hold and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26425.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">transmit water, to bind or retain a pesticide, and to degrade or transform a pesticide; or those</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26439.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">factors which considered together affect a pesticide's mobility and persistence at a specific study</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26454.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">site.  The soil coring program is also a means to assess the vertical and horizontal homogeneity</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26468.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of these parameters across a study site.  Data collected from exploratory coring is used to develop</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26482.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">an initial conceptual model of subsurface conditions at the test site.  In this phase of the study,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26496.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soil heterogeneities or barriers to leaching not discovered in preliminary site selection can be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26510.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">identified. Before initiation of the exploratory coring program, an effort should be made to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26524.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">identify and locate utilities, irrigation systems, tile drains, etc. to avoid damage and costly repairs.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26553.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">At least one continuous soil core (from the surface to the water table) from at least eight locations</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26567.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">throughout the study site, as well as one continuous core from a control area assumed to be up-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26581.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">gradient of the study site, will be collected.  A detailed drilling log should be prepared by a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26595.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">trained soil scientist or geologist to describe the texture, color, structure, and moisture content of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26609.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the soils as they are collected over the complete core. Methods for collecting soil samples (such</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26623.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">as split spoon or thin-walled Shelby tube) can be found in the open literature.  A soil core log</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26638.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should give special attention to confining layers, abrupt changes in texture or color, and other</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26652.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">features needed to characterize the physical and chemical properties of the vadose and saturated</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26666.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">zones.  In addition, depth to the water table should be recorded.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26694.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil sub-samples should be taken from each core for laboratory analysis.  Special attention is to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26708.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be paid to the top six feet of the soil column, to allow comparison with NRCS soil surveys</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26723.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(which describe soils to a depth of six feet).  The top six feet of the core should be divided into</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26737.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">either six-inch intervals or by soil diagnostic horizon, whichever is less.  Emphasis is placed on</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26751.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the surface six feet because soil texture, porosity, structure, and organic matter content have a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26765.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">large influence on the persistence and mobility of the applied pesticide. Below the top 6 feet of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26779.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the soil core, sub-samples should be collected every four feet, except when a visible change in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26793.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soil properties (color, texture, structure) is observed.  In this case, at least two sub-samples</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:26808.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be taken from the 4-foot interval, to characterize the differences between soil types.  Each</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:26928.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:27635.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">34</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27001.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sample should be described in the field by an experienced geologist and/or soil scientist.  In</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27015.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">addition, all soil sub-samples should be analyzed for the following information:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:27043.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:27043.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soil texture class, particle density, bulk density, porosity, fraction sand, fraction silt and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:27058.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">fraction clay,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:27086.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:27086.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">organic matter content or organic carbon content,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:27114.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:27114.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">field capacity (1/3 bar), 1 bar, 5 bar, and wilting point (15 bar) (all measured on</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:27128.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">undisturbed soil samples),</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:27157.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:27157.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">saturated hydraulic conductivity,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:27185.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:27185.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">hydraulic conductivity vs.  soil water content and matric potential,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:27213.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:27213.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">field soil water content, residual water content and saturated water content,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:27242.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:27242.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">matric potential vs.  soil water content (water characteristic function)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:27270.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:27270.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Munsell color (specify moisture condition, </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">$"!"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, wet or dry), and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:27298.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:27298.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pH and cation exchange capacity or anion exchange capacity (if appropriate).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27327.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">These samples should not be composited.  Compositing of samples precludes obtaining</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27341.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">information about the variability of these important parameters across the field.  Standard</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27355.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">methods for the parameters listed above are available from ASTM and are described in Mason</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27369.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(1983), Klute et al.  (1986), Jury et al. (1991) and Wilson et al.  (1995). Consideration should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27383.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">given to conducting these tests on undisturbed samples where possible.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27412.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The compounds of interest (ie. pesticide, degradates and tracer), should also be analyzed for from</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27426.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soil collected in each horizon to ensure there has been no prior use of these compounds at the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27440.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study site.  If the test compound has not been registered, this need not be done.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27466.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.22  Number and Locations of Soil Cores</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27486.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Given that the study will be conducted in a field that is approximately two to five acres in size, a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27500.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">minimum of eight soil cores are needed to characterize the vadose zone.  A greater number of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27515.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">cores will likely increase the reliability of interpretations of subsurface conditions.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27543.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">There are a number of ways of determining where these soil cores should be collected.  The most</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27557.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">important factor to consider is that core locations be distributed throughout the field in such a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27571.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">manner that a strong conceptual model can be developed.  This can be accomplished by locating</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27585.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the cores randomly, along a grid, or stratifying them according to some predetermined criterion.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27600.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The grid may be oriented perpendicular or parallel to the ground-water flow field.  The field may</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:27720.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:28427.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">35</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27793.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be segmented into sectors, gridded and cores randomly located in each sector.  If piezometers</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27807.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">will be installed at core locations, these locations should be located at or near the corners of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27821.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study site.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27850.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Coring methods should be selected based on consideration of the anticipated textures of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27864.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">vadose and saturated zones, the anticipated borehole depth, stability of the borehole, and ease of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27878.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">collection of samples for analysis.  Drilling methods appropriate for these considerations are</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27892.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">described in the ASTM standards manual.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27918.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.23 Field Testing</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27938.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The description or prediction of processes which influence pesticide dissipation, specifically</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27953.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">leaching, in the field requires an understanding of infiltration, recharge, and internal drainage</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27967.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(water redistribution).  Thus there is a need to characterize soil hydraulic properties, such as soil</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27981.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water content, matric potential vs. soil water content (water characteristic function) relationships</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:27995.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and hydraulic conductivity.  Because soils in a field are typically heterogeneous, solute transport</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28009.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">is controlled by properties which vary both spatially and temporally, and these are also often</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28023.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">scale dependant.  Therefore, it is important that these parameters be measured in the field.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28052.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">In these two to five acre study sites, we recommend that the saturated and unsaturated hydraulic</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28066.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conductivity be measured at a minimum of six locations dispersed across the study site (and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28080.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">indicated on the site base map) to take into account field variability of soils.  If significant</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28094.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">variability in hydraulic conductivity is evident, then measurements should be made in additional</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28108.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">locations to further define the range of variability across the site.  In general, measurements are</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28122.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">made for at least two depth horizons at each measurement location - one at the soil surface and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28137.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">for each soil horizon below the surface to a depth of six feet.  The soil water content should also</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28151.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be measured at these sites from the surface to the water table.  These data will be correlated with</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28165.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the water characteristic function determined in the lab and the matric potential will be estimated</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28179.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">for these locations.  The matric potential indicates the direction of water movement in the vadose</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28193.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">zone.  The field determined soil water content will also be correlated with the hydraulic</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28207.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conductivity and compared to the lab results from the soil cores.  This will provide insight into</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28222.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">how well the results of the lab tests represent actual conditions in the field.  Consideration should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28236.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">also be given to developing breakthrough curves to determine dispersivity and the likelihood for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28250.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">preferential flow and to estimate an effective porosity for soil samples.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28276.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.24  Preservation and Transportation of Formation Samples</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28296.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ASTM provides guidance for preserving and transporting soil samples for analysis.  Although</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28310.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">some flexibility in these procedures might be necessary due to the practical considerations in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28325.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sampling a farm field, certain procedures should be followed in every case.  The field personnel</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28339.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should follow all relevant Department of Transportation (DOT) and International Air Transport</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28353.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Association (IATA) hazardous materials and dangerous goods regulations concerning the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28367.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">shipping of dry ice.  These samples should be sent by overnight mail the day they are collected,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28381.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">or kept frozen until they arrive at the laboratory.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:28512.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:29219.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">36</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28585.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.25  Quality Assurance and Quality Control Procedures</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28605.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Procedures for ensuring the quality of all soil samples and the data derived from those samples</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28619.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">are an integral part of the exploratory coring program.  Mason (1983) and Barth et al. (1989)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28633.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">present details on quality assurance for soil and formation sampling activities.  Good laboratory</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28648.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">practices relevant to field investigations should be followed.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28676.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">All soil core logs and subsurface descriptions recorded during the drilling operation should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28690.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">included in the Site Characterization Report.  State or local regulations concerning the permitting</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28704.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and/or documentation of exploratory coring activities should be followed.  Chain-of-custody</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28718.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">forms should be prepared and archived for all subsurface samples, and subsurface samples that</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28733.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">are not destroyed by analytical procedures should be retained as reference samples for the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28747.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">duration of each study.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28773.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.26  Test Pit Excavation</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28793.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The Agency views the completion of test pit excavations during the initial phases of the site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28807.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">characterization process as a quick and inexpensive way to assess the heterogeneity of a site and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28821.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the potential for preferential flow.  The 1998 Scientific Advisory Panel (SAP) identified the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28836.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">presence of preferential flow as a critical element to be assessed in the site selection/site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28850.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">characterization process.  If a pesticide is to be used in an area dominated by preferential flow</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28864.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(e.g. in a karstic region or with extensive tile drainage) then site characterization should evaluate</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28878.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">this process and consider sites with documented preferential flow.  The completion of test pits at</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28892.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the subject site is a quick and inexpensive way to assess whether preferential flow is likely (at</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28906.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">least in the near surface) at a site.  Unusual conditions which may prove problematic for a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28920.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Prospective Ground-Water Study (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">$"!" </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">restrictive layers) can quickly be identified and result in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28935.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">significant cost savings.  Test pits may also be considered during the course of the study when</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28949.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">unusual conditions are noted.  Test pits should not be located within the active monitoring area</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28963.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">but should be located in close proximity to the area of pesticide application (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">$"!" </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">immediately</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:28977.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">adjacent to the site or within a control plot).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29005.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Test pit excavations are particularly useful in characterizing the lateral extent or thickness of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29020.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">low-permeability layers noted during soil survey and exploratory boring activities or in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29034.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">identifying dominant patterns at a site (Mason, 1983).  Soil structure or other features that may</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29048.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">result in significant preferential flow should be noted and reported.  Such features are common</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29062.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and should be investigated through use of test pits when considering a site.  The excavation</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29076.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be located adjacent to or near the area of the site where the compounds of interest are to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29090.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be applied and monitored.  The locations of the test pits should be indicated on the base map.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29105.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The walls of the test pits should be described using methodology and nomenclature which is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29119.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">consistent with the Soil Survey Manual (Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993), Soil Taxonomy (Soil</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29133.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Survey Staff, 1975), and Keys to Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 1992).  Photographs of pit</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29147.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">walls could also be considered.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29175.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Field workers should take care when entering a test pit to characterize soil properties. All test pit</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29190.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">activities should be conducted under the supervision of an Occupational Safety and Health</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:29304.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:30011.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">37</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29377.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Administration (OSHA) required “competent person”.  OSHA standards state that test pits</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29391.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should not be excavated to deeper than five feet unless a shoring system (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#" </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">trench box or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29405.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">trench shield) is installed to support the pit walls.  However, since the stability of pits five feet</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29419.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">deep and shallower can also vary with soil texture and moisture, safety precautions should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29434.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">considered in these scenarios as well.  Proper abandonment procedures for test pits should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29448.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">undertaken and documented in the First Quarterly Report.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29474.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.27  Abandonment of Soil Core Holes</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29494.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Characterization of the shallow saturated zone requires the installation of at least four</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29508.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">piezometers.  Some of the cores drilled for soil characterization may be converted into</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29522.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">piezometers.  The holes created by soil coring that are not converted to piezometers should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29537.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">properly abandoned prior to the application of the compounds of interest.  Guidance on proper</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29551.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">abandonment of soil coring locations may be found in Aller et al. (1990) and American Water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29565.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Works Association (1984).  Boring abandonment procedures should also comply with any state</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29579.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">or local regulations for agricultural fields. If additional fill material is required to complete the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29593.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">abandonment process, “pesticide-free” soil should be used.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29620.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.3 SATURATED ZONE INVESTIGATION</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29640.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A limited investigation of the saturated flow regime should be conducted for each study site.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29654.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">This information is needed to develop the conceptual model and to interpret monitoring data.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29668.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The following sections describe the recommended procedures for characterizing the ground-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29682.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water flow characteristics of the aquifer.  These procedures include collecting hydraulic head</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29696.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">data and conducting pumping tests and/or slug tests.  The data derived from these activities are</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29710.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">then used to estimate the direction of ground-water flow, the hydraulic conductivity of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29724.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">aquifer, and the ground-water velocity at the study site.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29751.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.31  Hydraulic Head</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29771.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Piezometers should be installed at the site to measure the hydraulic head.  If done</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29785.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">simultaneously, piezometers may be placed in the same borehole where the exploratory soil cores</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29799.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">were collected, to save resources.  At least four piezometers should be installed at the corners of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29813.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the study site to establish the water-table surface.  These piezometers should remain in place for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29827.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the duration of the study so that these simple measurements can continue to be made.  Since</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29842.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">suitable sites for ground-water monitoring studies should exhibit low topographic relief, small</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29856.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">errors in surface elevation measurements can seriously impact the interpretation of subsurface</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29870.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conditions.  Therefore, care should be taken to measure and record elevation data accurately.  A</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29884.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">small cut or indelible mark should be placed on the piezometer well casing for use as a measur-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29898.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ing point (MP), and this point should be surveyed relative to the local U.S. Geodetic Vertical</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29912.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Datum.  The location and height of this point should be measured to an accuracy of plus or minus</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29927.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">0.01 foot.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29955.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Procedures for measuring depth to water in monitoring wells are detailed in ASTM Standards.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29969.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Initial measurements of water levels should not be collected until after the piezometer or well has</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:29983.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">had time to stabilize from the effects of construction and development activities.  Piezometer</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:30096.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:30803.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">38</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30169.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">locations should be specified on the base map, and initial water level data should be presented on</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30183.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">a map in the Site Characterization and Monitoring Plan Report.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30210.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.32  Direction of Ground-Water Flow and Hydraulic Gradient</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30229.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A map of the potentiometric surface of the surficial aquifer should be prepared for each study</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30244.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">site.  This map should use the site base map for location information and should include the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30258.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">locations of piezometric head measuring points.  Contour lines representing equal hydraulic head</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30272.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be constructed.  Methods for constructing water-table maps and estimating hydraulic</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30286.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">gradient and ground-water flow direction from these maps are provided in Freeze and Cherry</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30300.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(1979).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30327.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.33  Hydraulic Conductivity</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30347.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer controls the rate at which ground water flows under a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30361.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">given hydraulic gradient.  The velocity of the ground water can be used to approximate how long</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30375.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">it will take a conservative tracer (or pesticide) to travel beyond the test site boundaries.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30403.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Hydraulic conductivity is typically measured in the field by means of slug tests or pumping tests.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30417.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Slug tests should be conducted at locations where the soil cores indicate very low hydraulic</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30432.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conductivity aquifer materials.  A pumping test under these conditions is usually not possible</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30446.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">because the yield of the aquifer is too small to collect sufficient data to analyze using typical</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30460.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">methods.  Slug tests sample a very small region around the well and the results only represent the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30474.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">aquifer properties in that region.  Therefore, they are of limited value and one should be done at</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30488.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">every well.  Pumping tests should be used when the hydraulic conductivity values are large</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30502.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">enough to collect sufficient data to analyze using typical methods.  Pumping tests sample a much</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30516.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">larger region of the aquifer and give a more representative hydraulic conductivity value for the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30531.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">aquifer.  Also, fewer pumping tests would have to be conducted because they do sample a much</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30545.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">larger portion of the aquifer.  Methods for conducting and analyzing slug tests and pumping tests</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30559.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">are provided in Freeze and Cherry (1979), Walton (1987) and Fetter (1988).  The results and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30573.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">interpretations of all slug tests and pumping tests should be included in the Site Characterization</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30587.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Report.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30614.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.34  Background Water Quality</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30634.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Basic data should be collected to establish the background quality of ground water, irrigation</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30648.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water and precipitation at the study site.  Analyses should include major ions (dissolved oxygen,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30662.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">alkalinity, etc.), major nutrients (nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, organic nitrogen, and phosphate),</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30676.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">temperature, electrical conductivity and pH.  Additionally, water should be analyzed for the test</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30690.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">compound (to ensure that there are no residues, and to check the analytical method) and the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30704.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">tracer compound (typically bromide).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30733.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">If the irrigation source is a well within a quarter mile of the test plot, the study director should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30747.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">determine if pumping this well has any effect on the water table below the test site.  This can be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30761.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">accomplished by using a data logger probe in the monitoring well nearest the irrigation well, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30775.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring any drawdown of the depth to water when the irrigation well pump is turned on.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:30888.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:31595.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">39</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30961.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Ensure that the irrigation well is run long enough to ensure communication with the underlying</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:30975.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">aquifer.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31002.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.4  CONCEPTUAL MODEL</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31021.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Site characterization data are analyzed and interpreted to produce a three-dimensional</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31036.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">representation of the characteristics of the study site.  The site-specific conceptual model should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31050.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">include graphical displays of interpreted hydrogeologic characteristics that illustrate the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31064.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">relationship between soil and hydrogeologic features.  The conceptual model should be discussed</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31078.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">with reference to graphs, figures, and maps and the data collected during site characterization.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31092.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The discussion should integrate site hydrogeology, surface hydrology, and historical climatic</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31106.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">data.  The minimum graphical tools and analyses needed to develop the model are described in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31121.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the following sections.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31147.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.41  Soils and the Vadose Zone</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31167.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The results of the soil analyses including preliminary surface investigations and NRCS</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31181.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">information, exploratory coring program, and test pit excavation should be analyzed and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31195.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">integrated.  At a minimum, the following are needed to interpret these data:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:31224.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31224.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">At least two stratigraphic cross sections (or fence diagrams) for each study site, one</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31238.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">parallel to the direction of ground-water flow and one perpendicular to ground-water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31252.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">flow,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:31280.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31280.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A detailed map of surface soils (1:100 to 1:1,000),</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:31308.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31308.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Graphs or tables of particle-size distribution vs.  depth for each core,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:31337.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31337.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Graphs or tables of matric potential head vs.  depth and soil water content,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:31365.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31365.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Graphs or tables of hydraulic conductivity vs.  soil water content,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:31393.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31393.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Graphs or tables of organic matter content vs.  depth for each core,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:31422.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31422.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Tables and/or graphs that display ranges of hydraulic conductivity,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:31450.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31450.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Ranges of bulk density and hydraulic conductivity values for significant subsurface</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31464.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">horizons,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:31493.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31493.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">An estimate of the amount of water needed for the tracer to reach ground water in two</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31507.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">years and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:31535.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31535.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">An estimate of travel time needed for the tracer and/or pesticide to reach ground water.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:31680.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:32387.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">40</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31753.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A brief discussion of the above information should identify areas in the study site (at the surface</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31767.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">or at depth) where variations in topography, soil texture, or other factors could cause differences</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31781.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">in recharge.  All data analysis techniques and the results of those techniques should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31795.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">documented in the Site Characterization Report.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31822.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3.42  Saturated Zone and Water Quality</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31842.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The results of saturated zone investigations and background water quality analyses are used to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31856.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">interpret the subsurface hydrogeology of the site.  At a minimum, the following are needed to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:31870.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">interpret these data:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:31898.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31898.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Contour map of the water table surface indicating the direction of ground-water flow,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:31927.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31927.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Analyses of slug tests and/or pump tests</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:31955.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31955.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Estimate of hydraulic gradient and flow velocity of the aquifer,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:31983.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31983.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Comparison of the spatial distribution of hydraulic conductivity using data obtained from</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:31998.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">laboratory and field investigations,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:32026.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:32026.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Graphical display of water quality data from the onsite wells, the irrigation source and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:32040.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">precipitation and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:32068.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:32068.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample chromatogram from an analysis of the test compound(s) and tracer in onsite</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:32082.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32111.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">These and other data analysis techniques and the results of those techniques should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32125.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">documented in the Site Characterization Report.  The discussion accompanying these data should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32139.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">address water table fluctuations based on the collection of local historical data.  Regional</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32153.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">recharge and discharge areas should also be discussed, including nearby features such as</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32167.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">irrigation wells and canals that could influence the flow system.  The discussion should also</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32182.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">include a description of the variations in hydraulic conductivity, the presence of confining layers,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32196.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and the overall aquifer flow system at the site, using historical data where necessary.  Any</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32210.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">interferences identified when analyzing the water collected at the site should also be discussed.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:32472.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:33179.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">41</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32557.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 4 - MONITORING PLAN DESIGN</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32574.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Once the site has been characterized, the variability of soil properties and the ground-water flow</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32588.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">system are understood, and a conceptual model developed, a monitoring plan can be designed</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32602.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">that is suited to the study site.  The number of wells and other sampling devices required to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32617.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">provide a high degree of statistical certainty in the study results would likely prevent the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32631.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">cooperating farmer from growing a crop on the field using standard agronomic practices, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32645.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">would make the study prohibitively expensive.  However, with a good conceptual model and a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32659.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reasonable number of sampling locations, monitoring data will be adequate to answer regulatory</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32673.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">questions.  The clear advantages of testing a pesticide in the field under conditions that as closely</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32687.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">as possible resemble those in which it will actually be used, as discussed in Chapter 1, outweigh</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32702.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">any disadvantages.  Additional tools such as lysimeters and computer models can provide useful</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32716.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">data to augment the field data obtained.  It is strongly recommended that studies be conducted</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32730.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">under FIFRA GLP, as described in 40CFR160.  Written standard operating procedures (SOP)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32744.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be developed and maintained by the study director.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32772.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The compounds of interest (Chapter 2) will be monitored in surface soils, the vadose zone, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32787.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the saturated zone.  A conservative tracer will be used to follow water movement through the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32801.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">system and weather will be monitored throughout the study.  Aspects to consider, and minimum</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32815.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">data collection needs, are described in the following sections:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:32843.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:32843.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Setting Up</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:32871.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:32871.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil Monitoring Plan</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:32900.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:32900.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil Water Monitoring Plan</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:32928.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.10pt;top:32928.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Ground-Water Monitoring Plan</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32956.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Design decisions should be integrated into one Monitoring Plan Design Report for the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32971.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Prospective Ground-Water Monitoring Study.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:32997.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.1 SETTING UP</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33029.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.11  Agricultural Management Practices</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33049.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Standard agricultural practices for the target crop and the intended use of the test pesticide should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33063.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be followed while conducting the Prospective Ground-Water Monitoring Study.  All pesticides,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33077.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">fertilizers, and farming, maintenance, and sampling equipment should be stored away from the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33092.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study site so as to eliminate the possibility of contamination.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:33264.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:33971.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">42</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33349.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.12  Irrigation</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33369.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The following guidelines assume that leaching of the pesticide is being investigated at a site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33383.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">selected because conditions exist at that site that are more likely to promote ground-water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33397.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">vulnerability and will provide data on the leaching of the pesticide under those conditions.  Some</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33412.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">alterations may be approved in the irrigation scheme at selected sites when leaching at multiple</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33426.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sites representing different levels of ground-water vulnerability is being investigated.  Irrigation</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33440.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be scheduled at regular intervals, as well as applied at critical periods in the growing</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33454.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">season, to meet the target water input.  The initial irrigation event should be scheduled to occur</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33468.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">within three days after the pesticide application, unless sufficient precipitation occurs during this</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33482.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">time.  Following the first irrigation event, dates should be established when additional water will</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33497.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be applied to the field if monthly targets of total applied water are not reached as a result of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33511.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">natural precipitation.  The schedule should be flexible enough to ensure that adequate water is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33525.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">applied to meet the needs of the crop, particularly in critical moisture periods (such as the period</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33539.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of tasseling through silking for corn, or during fruit development for orchard crops).  The</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33553.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Monitoring Plan Design Report should indicate the irrigation method, rate, schedule, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33567.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">duration.  Actual dates of irrigation events should be documented and reported in the Final</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33582.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Report.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33610.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Estimate target water requirement by month (for example:  120% of crop water demand or 120% of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33624.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">historical rainfall data, whichever is greater).  However, it should be noted that the estimated target</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33638.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water requirement for a specific study site may be much greater than 120% of crop water demand or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33652.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">120% of historical rainfall data.  State agricultural agents should be consulted to determine an</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33666.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">appropriate target irrigation rate in order to ensure recharge of irrigation water to ground water.  For</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33681.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">example, historical irrigation efficiencies in the San Joaquin Valley of California are estimated at</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33695.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">60% for surface (flood) irrigation and 70% for sprinkler irrigation (DWR, 1983; Snyder et al., 1986;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33709.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">California Agricultural Technology Institute, 1988).  These efficiencies translate to water application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33723.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">rates of 167% and 143% of plant demand, respectively.  In addition, extensive agricultural areas in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33737.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">California have been identified as vulnerable to ground water contamination due to the presence of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33751.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">coarse soils and shallow ground water.  CA DRP has calibrated the LEACHM transport and fate</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33766.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">model to these conditions and has estimated concentrations of pesticides in ground water from</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33780.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">simulated water application of 167% of plant demand.  These values agree well with measured well</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33794.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water concentrations (Spurlock, et al., 2006).  California indicated they have limited water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33808.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">applications to 125% of plant demand to mitigate ground water contamination  for some</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33822.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">contaminants.  Attached as a reference are two example spreadsheets that were developed by the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33836.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">California Department of Pesticide Regulation, Environmental Monitoring Branch to estimate</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33851.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">drainage from a prospective ground water study. These goals should be maintained at the study site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33865.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">through each and every agronomic season starting from the initial pesticide application date</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33879.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">throughout the entire monitoring period for the study unless alternate goals are agreed to by the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33893.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Agency during the latter years of the study. Calculations for target water requirements should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33907.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">based on 20-year data distributions (crop, study site/region, rainfall, irrigation, etc).  Document</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33921.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">calculations, assumptions, and reference 20-year data used in determining target water demand.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:33936.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Procedures used to determine the timing and amounts of water as a function of rainfall and other</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:34056.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:34763.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">43</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34129.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">climate conditions should be provided.  The type of irrigation system, the frequency of irrigation, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34143.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the minimum amount of irrigation applied should conform with local agronomic practices for the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34157.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">specific crop and study soil.  Consultation with state agricultural agents may be helpful in identifying</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34171.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the most suitable sites and applicable agronomic practices for the study.  All irrigation events should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34186.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be conducted so as to minimize surface pooling and runoff while maximizing the potential for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34200.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">infiltration.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34226.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.13  Initial Post-Pesticide Application Irrigation Event</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34246.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">In general, the timing and rate of irrigation is more important during the initial days and weeks</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34260.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">after application than it is as the study progresses into the second year and beyond.  The</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34274.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">relationship between rainfall timing and intensity and pesticide leaching has been reported by a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34289.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">number of researchers (Isensee et al, 1990; McLay et al., 1991, Shipitalo et al., 1990; Sigua et al.,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34303.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1993;1995).  Since rainfall is both spatially and temporally variable, it is necessary to supplement</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34317.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">rainfall so that a study can be conducted within a reasonable time period.  Therefore, it is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34331.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">recommended that an initial irrigation be applied to the study area within three days after the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34345.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide application.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34374.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">After initial pesticide application, a minimum of 1.0 inch of natural rainfall or irrigation should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34388.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">occur within 3 days and the application rate should be between 0.5 and 1.0 inches per hour.  The</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34402.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">first month’s targeted rainfall plus irrigation amounts should be divided into four periods of 7-8</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34416.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">days each, and at least one fourth of the target monthly water requirement should occur in each of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34430.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the four periods (apply additional irrigation water amounts in increments of 0.3 inches or greater</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34444.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">as needed to meet the total month’s targeted amount).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34471.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.14  Irrigation After Initial Event</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34491.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The intent of the Prospective Ground-Water Monitoring Study is to evaluate a pesticide’s</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34505.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">potential to contaminate ground water and to provide an idea as to the concentrations that could</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34519.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be seen in ground water through normal agricultural activities.  It is therefore necessary that</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34533.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">enough water be added to the site so that ground water is recharged during the study.  Due to the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34547.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">stochastic nature of precipitation, to rely strictly on precipitation may result in the study having to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34561.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be conducted for many years.  Thus irrigation can be applied to reduce the length of time that a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34576.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study may need to run.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34604.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Beginning with the second month after application, at least the target water requirement for the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34618.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">specific month (as specified in Agency-approved Monitoring Plan Design report) should occur</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34632.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">either in the form of natural rainfall or applied as irrigation.  Irrigation does not have to be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34646.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">applied when the crop is not present.  For example, irrigation should not be applied during winter</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34661.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">months when freezing would destroy irrigation equipment.  On occasion, at sites where</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34675.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">precipitation has fallen well below historical norms for months or longer, some irrigation water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34689.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">might be applied during fallow months in order to meet the previously established water balance</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34703.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">targets.  Irrigation is not required at times when damage to the crop would occur (during times</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34717.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">when drying is essential).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:34848.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:35555.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">44</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34921.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sprinkler irrigation is preferred except in instances where other crop-specific methods (flood</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34935.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">irrigation as an example) are required to assess movement under typical agronomic practices.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34949.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Documentation should be provided, including references and names, for such crop-specific</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34963.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">irrigation practices</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="ff0000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:34990.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.15  Mixing and Loading Area</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35010.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The location of pesticide mixing and loading activities should be identified on the base map.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35024.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Ideally these activities should take place down gradient and down slope from the site to minimize</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35038.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the possibility of point-source contamination.  Other activities that could take place in this area</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35052.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">include calibration of the sprayer equipment with water, sampling of the application (tank)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35066.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">mixture, and sampling equipment cleaning.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35093.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.16  Control Plot</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35113.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">To establish background ground water quality, at least one well should be placed hydraulically up</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35127.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">gradient of the field where the test pesticide will be applied.  Control plots should be planted and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35141.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">maintained the same as the treated field.  Control wells should be sampled on the same schedule</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35155.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">as monitoring wells in the treated field.  The control area and control well location(s) should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35169.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">identified on the base map.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35196.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.17  Decontamination Area</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35216.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Prior to sampling soils or ground water, equipment should be cleaned to minimize the likelihood</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35230.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of cross-contamination.  This should be done far enough away from the study site so that</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35244.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">activities and onsite disposal of rinsate will not affect study results.  The decontamination area</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35258.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be identified on the base map. Additionally, rinsate should not be disposed of in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35272.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">“ecologically sensitive” areas, such as wetlands or down other wells.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35299.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.18  Weather Station</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35319.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Onsite climatic monitoring is essential in evaluating pesticide leaching relative to the timing and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35333.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">magnitude of precipitation.  Precipitation data are also needed to determine the required amount</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35347.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of monthly irrigation.  Daily rainfall amount and intensity, pan evaporation, and temperature data</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35361.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">are also key input parameters for several computer simulation models.  A variety of automated</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35375.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">weather stations and data logging equipment are commercially available that record daily</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35389.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">precipitation, pan evaporation, wind speed, solar radiation, minimum and maximum air</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35404.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">temperature, and soil temperature.  Special care should be taken to protect parts of the weather</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35418.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">station that can easily be damaged by birds and other animals, such as rain gauges and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35432.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">evaporation pans.  The weather station should be located close to the test plot in an open,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35446.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">exposed area without trees.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:35640.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:36347.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">45</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35713.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.2  APPLICATION OF PESTICIDE AND TRACER</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35742.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.21  Pesticide</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35762.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Decisions about pesticide application rates are made when the study scope is defined.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35776.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Application method, calibration procedures and the amount applied should be documented for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35791.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the test pesticide and reported in the Site Characterization and Monitoring Plan.  Only one</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35805.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application of the pesticide should be made.  The tank mixture should be sampled and the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35819.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">concentration confirmed.  The pesticide application rate should be verified using pan samplers,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35833.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">shallow soil samples, application cards or other in situ collection devices.  Nominal and actual</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35847.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application rates should be reported.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35874.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.22  Tracer</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35894.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A conservative tracer should be applied along with the test pesticide to provide information on</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35908.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the direction and rate of movement of water through the vadose and saturated zones.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35922.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">When selecting a tracer, the chemistry of the compound should be considered along with</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35936.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">potential sources of background interference, achievable detection limits, and potential losses due</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35950.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">to adsorption, volatilization, and plant uptake.  Bromide and chloride have typically been used to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35964.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">trace the movement of soil water in agricultural studies.  Other tracers may be acceptable if</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:35979.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">approved by EPA.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36007.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Appropriate tracer application rates should be determined prior to initiation of the study, taking</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36021.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">into consideration analytical methods and limits of detection and quantification, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36035.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">concentrations in background soil and water samples (higher background levels of bromide, for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36049.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">example, at a study site can interfere with the ability to track the subsurface movement of the ion</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36063.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">unless a relatively high initial application rate is used).  Analytical methods, calibration</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36078.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">procedures and amount of tracer applied should be documented and reported in the Monitoring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36092.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Plan Design and Final Reports.  The tracer should only be applied once at the same time as the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36106.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">initial pesticide application.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36132.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.3  SOIL MONITORING PLAN</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36149.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The primary purpose of soil sampling in these studies is to verify pesticide application rate and to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36163.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">provide information on the dissipation of the compounds of interest in the zone of application,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36178.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and not to track the movement of the test compound through the subsurface.  Experience with</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36192.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">prospective studies over the past 10 plus years indicates little correlation between pesticide</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36206.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">detections in soil cores and detections in ground water.  Some subsurface soil samples are</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36220.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">collected early in the study to identify residues that remain in top meter of the soil column, above</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36234.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the uppermost lysimeters.  Deeper vertical transport will be tracked using suction lysimeters and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36248.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">wells and not soil cores.  Soil samples are to be analyzed for residues of the test pesticide,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36263.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">degradates, and tracer compounds.  The soil moisture content should be measured for each</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36277.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sample collected.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:36432.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:37139.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">46</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36505.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.31  Soil Sampling Methods and Instrumentation</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36525.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil samples to verify the application rate should be collected using methods that ensure that</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36539.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide-free soil does not dilute the samples to which the pesticide has been applied.  When the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36553.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide is applied as a spray, soil samples for application verification should be collected from</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36568.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the surface soil without adding deeper pesticide-free soil.  In this case, a sampler such as the box</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36582.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sampler will allow the collection of a wide (30 cm) and shallow (8 cm) sample.  If the pesticide</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36596.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">is soil incorporated, the initial soil samples should be collected to the depth of the disturbed zone.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:75.00pt;top:36610.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">If a banded application is used, soil samples should be collected in the band to the depth of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36624.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">disturbed zone.  To avoid discarding any of the applied pesticide, surface plant residue should not</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36638.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be removed from these samples.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36665.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.32  Number and Location of Soil Cores</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36685.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A sufficient number of soil samples should be collected from a study site to qualitatively</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36699.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">demonstrate the variability in pesticide application rates across the study site.  The distribution of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36713.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soil sampling locations across each study site should be dictated by the method of pesticide</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36727.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application and the degree of soil homogeneity on the site.  For example, the collection of a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36741.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">minimum of 15 individual soil cores is required at each sampling period for a 2- to 5-acre study</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36756.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">site with relatively homogeneous soil conditions.  Sites that exhibit marked soil heterogeneities</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36770.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">will require a greater number of soil samples.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36796.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.33  Soil Sampling Timing and Frequency</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36816.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">In general, soil samples should be collected until a pattern of persistence or decline of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36830.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">compounds of interest has been established.   Soil cores collected during the first two soil</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36844.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sampling rounds (pre-application and immediately post-application) should only sample surface</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36858.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soil.  Shallow soil cores (0 - 10 cm) should be collected during rounds 3 and 4.  Slightly deeper</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36873.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">cores (0 - 100 cm) may be collected following the initial irrigation event, or earlier if a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36887.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">precipitation event occurs.  Analysis of soil samples for pesticide and tracer residues should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36901.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">continued until at least three consecutive (normally monthly) samples show no residues above</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36915.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the minimum detection (not quantitation) limit or until termination of soil sampling is approved</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36929.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">by EPA.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36956.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.4 SOIL-WATER MONITORING PLAN</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36976.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Tracer and pesticide residues in soil water are monitored to provide an indication of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:36990.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">movement of water and the test pesticide through the vadose zone.  Soil-water samples, collected</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37004.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">with soil-solution samplers, suction lysimeters, or other devices, qualitatively track the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37018.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">downward transport of pesticide residues.  Analytical methods for pesticides in soils commonly</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37032.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">have higher minimum detection limits than those in water, typically by more than an order of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37046.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">magnitude.  Also, water is likely the medium via which the solutes will be transported.  Thus,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37061.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soil-water samples can be used to better track the movement of pesticide residues or tracer in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37075.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">vadose zone media with a greater power of detection than in soil samples.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:37224.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:37931.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">47</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37297.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.41  Soil Water Content Measurements</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37317.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The amount of water in soil, or the soil water content, is an important component of assessing a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37331.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">site's overall water balance.  It is also important for providing water to plants and for transporting</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37345.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">solutes.  Evaporation of water from the soil, transpiration by plants, movement of water, and the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37360.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">transport of solutes in soil are functionally related to the soil water content.  Soil water, therefore,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37374.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">is a dynamic property which varies both spatially and temporally.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37402.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil water content throughout the site should be measured at least monthly (preferably more</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37416.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">frequently).  Soil moisture measurements are a necessary piece of information needed for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37430.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">modeling flow and for onsite water management; for example, to determine when irrigation is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37445.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">needed.  Soil water content should be determined for soil samples collected for pesticide and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37459.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">tracer residue analysis because these parameters should be reported on a dry-weight basis.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37485.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.42  Instrumentation</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37505.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A number of direct and indirect methods are available to measure soil water content (Gardner,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37519.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1986; Topp, 1993).  The gravimetric method (a direct, destructive procedure) is a standard</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37533.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">technique commonly used to collect reference data on soil water content.  Indirect methods</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37548.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">include: electrical conductivity, capacitance and resistance, neutron thermalization, and gamma</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37562.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ray and neutron attenuation.  Of these methods, the three that appear to have the greatest use and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37576.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">utility are: gravimetric soil-water content; Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR), an electrical</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37590.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">capacitance method; and neutron probe (neutron thermalization).  Techniques such as TDR or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37604.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">frequency domain capacitors have the advantage of real-time readouts and no radioactive source.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37632.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Tensiometers or other suitable methods should be used to determine the availability of soil water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37647.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">for sample collection (Cassel and Klute, 1986; Rawlins and Campbell, 1986).  Stannard (1990)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37661.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">provides a summary of the theory, design, installation, and use of vacuum-gauge, manometer,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37675.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and pressure-transducer tensiometers in field investigations.  The types of tensiometers used at</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37689.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">each study site, and their locations, should be documented and reported in the first quarterly</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37703.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">report.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37730.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.43  Location and Frequency of Sampling</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37750.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil water content measurements should be collected near the suction lysimeters and wells.  Soil</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37764.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water content should be measured when lysimeters are sampled to at least a depth of one meter.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37790.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.44  Soil water Sampling</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37810.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Because water in the vadose zone is held at negative matric potentials, water will not flow freely</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37824.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">into sampling devices.  Suction, in excess of the soil matric potential, should be applied  to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37838.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">induce the flow of water into sampling devices.  Therefore, suction lysimeters or other pore-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37853.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">liquid samplers are required.   There is an extensive body of literature on the function and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37867.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">limitations of different devices and techniques for extracting water from soil using a pressure</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37881.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">differential.  Reliable, documented methods should be used to collect samples of soil water for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:37895.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">analysis of the applied chemical, degradation products, tracers and other species of interest.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:38016.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:38723.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">48</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38089.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.45  Instrumentation</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38109.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The operation and effectiveness of suction lysimeters have been described by Morrison (1983);</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38123.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Everett, Wilson and Hoylman (1984); and Everett and McMillon (1985).  The function and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38137.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">limitations of various suction sampler designs are presented in Wilson (1990).  Vacuum samplers</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38152.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">can be used to obtain soil-liquid samples from up to 6 feet below the ground surface.  Pressure-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38166.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">vacuum lysimeters are recommended for water sample collection to a depth of 50 feet (Parizek</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38180.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and Lane, 1970).  Limitations are discussed by Litaor (1988).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38208.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The porous sampling membrane of suction lysimeters can be constructed from a number of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38222.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">materials.  Testing has shown that sampling membranes constructed of PTFE (Teflon) cannot</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38237.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sustain a sufficient vacuum to collect samples under high matric potentials.  Prior to installation,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38251.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">however, laboratory studies should be conducted to assess the degree of sorption exhibited by the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38265.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">compounds of interest onto the ceramic membranes.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38291.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.46  Depth and Number of Lysimeters</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38308.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A minimum of eight clusters of four lysimeters each should be installed within the boundaries of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38322.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the treated study site.  The lysimeters at each cluster should be installed at four different depths</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38337.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#" </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3, 6, 10 and 15 feet) to provide the greatest coverage of the vadose zone. If the study is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38351.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conducted at a site with a ground water table less than 15 feet below grade, fewer lysimeters will</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38365.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be required per cluster.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38391.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.47  Time of Emplacement</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38411.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Lysimeters should be in place a minimum of 2 weeks, and preferably one month, prior to the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38425.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application of the test pesticide to the study site.  In most cases, this will allow materials in the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38439.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">lysimeter to seal the annular space and to equilibrate with soil-moisture conditions.  In some</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38454.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">instances, a longer period of time may be necessary to achieve reliable and consistent samples</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38468.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">from suction lysimeters.  It should be noted that Litaor (1988) generally recommended that</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38482.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">solution sampler systems be installed one year before sampling begins so that the samplers can</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38496.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">equilibrate with the surrounding soil.  Suction lysimeters should therefore be tested for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38510.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">operational effectiveness prior to the field application of the compounds of interest.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38537.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.48  Sampling Frequency</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38557.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Tensiometers should be regularly monitored to assess the availability of soil water for collection,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38571.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and to determine the level of suction required to draw water from soil pores. Samples should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38585.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">collected from lysimeters prior to pesticide application and frequently in the early part of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38599.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study.  Soil pore water sampling activities should be coordinated with the collection of ground-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:38613.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water samples.  A typical sampling scheme is as follows:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:38808.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:39515.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">49</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.50pt;top:38891.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><u><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ROUND</FONT></FONT></u></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:262.45pt;top:38891.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><u><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">TIMING</FONT></FONT></u></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:440.65pt;top:38891.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><u><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">DEPTH</FONT></FONT></u></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:38880pt;width: 1pt;height: 2pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:38880pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:38881pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:38881pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:73pt;top:38880pt;width:115pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:73pt;top:38881pt;width:115pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:188pt;top:38880pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:188pt;top:38881pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:191pt;top:38880pt;width:191pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:191pt;top:38881pt;width:191pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:38880pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:38881pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:384pt;top:38880pt;width:154pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:384pt;top:38881pt;width:154pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:38880pt;width: 1pt;height: 2pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:38880pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:38881pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:38881pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:38882pt;width: 1pt;height:20pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:38882pt;width: 1pt;height:20pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:38882pt;width: 1pt;height:20pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:38882pt;width: 1pt;height:20pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:38882pt;width: 1pt;height:20pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:38914.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 1</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:249.10pt;top:38914.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Pre-application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:411.95pt;top:38914.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3, 6, 9, 15 feet (ALL</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:436.70pt;top:38928.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">DEPTHS)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:38903pt;width: 1pt;height: 2pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:38903pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:38904pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:73pt;top:38904pt;width:115pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:188pt;top:38903pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:188pt;top:38904pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:191pt;top:38904pt;width:191pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:38903pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:38904pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:384pt;top:38904pt;width:154pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:38903pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:38904pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:38903pt;width: 1pt;height: 2pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:38905pt;width: 1pt;height:35pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:38905pt;width: 1pt;height:35pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:38905pt;width: 1pt;height:35pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:38905pt;width: 1pt;height:35pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:38905pt;width: 1pt;height:35pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:38949.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 2</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:229.90pt;top:38949.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7 days after application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:441.85pt;top:38949.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3, 6 feet</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:38941pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:38941pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:38941pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:38941pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:38941pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:38942pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:38942pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:38942pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:38942pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:38942pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:38969.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 3</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:226.90pt;top:38969.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">14 days after application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:435.85pt;top:38969.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3, 6, 9 feet</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:38961pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:38961pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:38961pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:38961pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:38961pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:38962pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:38962pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:38962pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:38962pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:38962pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:38989.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 4</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:225.35pt;top:38989.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1 month after application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:435.85pt;top:38989.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3, 6, 9 feet</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:38982pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:38982pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:38982pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:38982pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:38982pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:38982pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:38982pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:38982pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:38982pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:38982pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:39010.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 5</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:222.95pt;top:39010.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2 months after application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:435.85pt;top:39010.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3, 6, 9 feet</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:39002pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:39002pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:39002pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:39002pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:39002pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:39003pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:39003pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:39003pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:39003pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:39003pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:39030.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 6</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:222.95pt;top:39030.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3 months after application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:426.85pt;top:39030.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3, 6, 9, 15 feet</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:39022pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:39022pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:39022pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:39022pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:39022pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:39023pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:39023pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:39023pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:39023pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:39023pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:100.20pt;top:39051.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 7 - ?</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:220.30pt;top:39051.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">continue monthly sampling</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:411.95pt;top:39051.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3, 6, 9, 15 feet (ALL</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:436.70pt;top:39065.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">DEPTHS)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:39043pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:39043pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:39043pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:39043pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:39043pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:39044pt;width: 1pt;height:36pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:39044pt;width: 1pt;height:36pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:39080pt;width: 1pt;height: 2pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:39082pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:39080pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:39080pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:73pt;top:39082pt;width:115pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:73pt;top:39080pt;width:115pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:188pt;top:39080pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:188pt;top:39082pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:191pt;top:39082pt;width:191pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:191pt;top:39080pt;width:191pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:39044pt;width: 1pt;height:36pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:39080pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:382pt;top:39082pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:384pt;top:39082pt;width:154pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:384pt;top:39080pt;width:154pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:39044pt;width: 1pt;height:36pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:39044pt;width: 1pt;height:36pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:39080pt;width: 1pt;height: 2pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:39082pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:39080pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:39080pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39098.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Samples should be drawn from lysimeters at each sampling period and analyzed </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">individually</FONT></u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  In</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39113.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the event that an insufficient volume of water is collected from a lysimeter, samples from two</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39127.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">lysimeters located at the same depth increment may be composited; however the practice of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39141.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sample compositing should be avoided if at all possible.  Criteria for termination of sampling are</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39155.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">presented in Chapter 6.  Approval for termination of monitoring should be received from EPA in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39169.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">writing.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39196.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.5 GROUND-WATER MONITORING PLAN</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39213.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The purpose of monitoring tracer and pesticide residues in ground water is to provide an</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39227.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">indication of the movement of water, the test pesticide and its degradates through the vadose</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39241.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">zone to ground water.  Ground-water samples should be collected and analyzed for all</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39255.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">compounds of interest (Chapter 2).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39281.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.51  Monitoring Well Design</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39301.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The success of a ground-water monitoring program for a prospective monitoring study depends</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39315.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">in part on the proper installation of monitoring wells.  Installation of these wells by licensed</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39330.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">professional monitoring well installers, according to published standards specifically related to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39344.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the construction of monitoring wells, should ensure that the wells will provide representative</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39358.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ground-water samples.  Auger, direct push and other acceptable methods of well installation may</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39372.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be used provided the wells are installed and constructed to ensure reliable sampling of ground</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39386.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water, and that well materials do not affect sample quality.  Local and state monitoring well</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39400.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">construction, installation and location requirements should be taken into account in planning well</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39415.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">design. Studies have recommended against using existing drinking water wells for monitoring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39429.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide concentrations, finding a significant difference in detections between existing wells and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39443.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">stainless steel monitoring wells (Smith et al., 1998). Well abandonment at the completion of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39457.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study should be done in accordance with local and state regulations.  To minimize site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39471.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">disturbance, borings completed for site characterization should be used to install monitoring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39485.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">wells.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<span style="color:#000000;background-color:#ffffff;position:absolute;left:0.00pt;top:38808.00pt;z-index:-1;"><img style="width:612pt;height:792pt;" src="outputfile-1730258995.htm_files\outputfile-1730258995_background49.png"></span>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:39600.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:40307.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">50</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39673.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.52  Number, Emplacement, and Screen Lengths of Wells Within a Cluster</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39693.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Ground-water monitoring wells should be installed as clusters.  At each ground-water sampling</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39707.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">location </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">at least </FONT></u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">two depths should be sampled.  The magnitude of seasonal fluctuations in the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39721.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water table should be determined prior to monitoring well installation.  The shallowest well at</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39736.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">each location should be placed to intercept the shallowest occurrence of ground water.  This</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39750.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">generally means that it will be screened across the water table.  The top of the screen for the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39764.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">second well should be placed at the depth of the bottom of the shallow well screen.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39792.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">In order to avoid excessive dilution of a pesticide residue or tracer and to focus on a discrete</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39806.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">portion of the aquifer, screen lengths should be no longer than 1.5 meters; generally a smaller</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39821.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">screen is preferable.  If the depth to the water table does not fluctuate drastically, each cluster</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39835.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should monitor the top 3 meters of the aquifer.  Where the water table fluctuates due to seasonal</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39849.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">or other influences a greater thickness of the aquifer should be screened.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39875.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.53  Number and Location of Monitoring Well Clusters</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39895.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Monitoring wells should be located up gradient of the treated field in the control plot, within the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39909.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">treated field and possibly down gradient of the treated field.  A minimum of eight monitoring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39924.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">well locations should be spatially distributed within the treated field. The placement of a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39938.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring well down gradient of the treated field is not critical for a PGW study, but may be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39952.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">useful for the purposes of assessing impacts to nearby off-site water quality.  State agricultural</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39966.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">agents should be consulted during the planning stage in order to determine if a down gradient</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39980.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">well is beneficial to the study being conducted (in addition to on-site wells) or even required by</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:39994.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the state.  The depth of the well should be determined based on local hydrology to ensure that</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40008.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water recharged on the treated field is intercepted by the well.  State and local requirements for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40023.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ground-water monitoring should be included in planning.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40051.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The locations of wells should be randomly distributed within the field.  They may be placed at</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40065.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">randomly chosen nodes on a regular grid to simplify data analysis and to reduce interference with</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40079.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">agronomic practices such as planting, pesticide applications, and irrigation.  Alternatively, the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40093.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">field may be divided into sectors and more wells located in selected sectors based upon the site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40108.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">characterization data and the conceptual model.  Factors that might induce differential rates of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40122.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">infiltration and solute transport through the soil and subsoil include soil texture and structure,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40136.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">surface topography (shape and gradient), and hydraulic conductivity.  Monitoring wells should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40150.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">not be placed in areas susceptible to runoff.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40176.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.54  Time of Emplacement</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40196.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Wells should be installed a minimum of 2 weeks prior to pesticide application.  Time should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40211.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">allowed for development and stabilization of the wells prior to use.   They should be in place to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40225.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">allow background sampling of ground water for site characterization prior to pesticide</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40239.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:40392.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:41099.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">51</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40465.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.55  Sampling Frequency</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40485.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Ground-water samples should be collected more frequently in the early part of the study and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40499.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">coordinated with the collection of soil and soil water samples and irrigation events.  One pre-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40513.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application sample should also be collected from all wells.  Ground-water samples should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40528.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">collected 14 days after the initial application, and at least once a month after that time from all</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40542.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring wells.  Additional samples should be collected before 14 days if there is reason to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40556.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">believe the compounds of interest may move rapidly (for example, following a large rainfall or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40570.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">irrigation event).  Some researchers have indicated that pesticides may leach to very shallow</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40584.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ground water beneath agricultural fields shortly after major recharge events.  Based on analytical</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40598.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">results of soil and soil water sampling, additional ground-water sampling events may be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40613.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">scheduled.  Criteria for termination of sampling are presented in Chapter 6.  Approval for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40627.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">termination of monitoring should be received from EPA in writing.  A typical sampling scheme</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:40641.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">is:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:173.75pt;top:40679.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ROUND</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:352.45pt;top:40679.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">TIMING</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40668pt;width: 1pt;height: 2pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40668pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:122pt;top:40668pt;width:146pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:269pt;top:40668pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:272pt;top:40668pt;width:208pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40668pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40669pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40669pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40670pt;width: 1pt;height:21pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40670pt;width: 1pt;height:21pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:173.15pt;top:40703.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 1</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:339.10pt;top:40703.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Pre-application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40692pt;width: 1pt;height: 2pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:121pt;top:40692pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:122pt;top:40692pt;width:146pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:269pt;top:40692pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:272pt;top:40692pt;width:208pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40692pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40693pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40694pt;width: 1pt;height:21pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40694pt;width: 1pt;height:21pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:173.15pt;top:40723.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 2</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:316.90pt;top:40723.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">14 days after application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:121pt;top:40716pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40716pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:122pt;top:40716pt;width:146pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:269pt;top:40716pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:270pt;top:40716pt;width:210pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:481pt;top:40716pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40716pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40717pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40717pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:173.15pt;top:40744.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 3</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:315.35pt;top:40744.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1 month after application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:121pt;top:40736pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40736pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:122pt;top:40736pt;width:146pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:269pt;top:40736pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:270pt;top:40736pt;width:210pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:481pt;top:40736pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40736pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40737pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40737pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:173.15pt;top:40764.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 4</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:312.95pt;top:40764.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2 months after application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:121pt;top:40757pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40757pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:122pt;top:40757pt;width:146pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:269pt;top:40757pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:270pt;top:40757pt;width:210pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:481pt;top:40757pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40757pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40757pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40757pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:173.15pt;top:40785.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 5</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:312.95pt;top:40785.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3 months after application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:121pt;top:40777pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40777pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:122pt;top:40777pt;width:146pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:269pt;top:40777pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:270pt;top:40777pt;width:210pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:481pt;top:40777pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40777pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40778pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40778pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:165.50pt;top:40805.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 6 - ?</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:310.30pt;top:40805.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">continue monthly sampling</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:121pt;top:40797pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40797pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:122pt;top:40797pt;width:146pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:269pt;top:40797pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:270pt;top:40797pt;width:210pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:481pt;top:40797pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40797pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40798pt;width: 1pt;height:22pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40821pt;width: 1pt;height: 2pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:120pt;top:40822pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:122pt;top:40822pt;width:146pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:269pt;top:40822pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:272pt;top:40822pt;width:208pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40798pt;width: 1pt;height:22pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40822pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40821pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:480pt;top:40821pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></span><span style="color:#000000;background-color:#ffffff;position:absolute;left:0.00pt;top:40392.00pt;z-index:-1;"><img style="width:612pt;height:792pt;" src="outputfile-1730258995.htm_files\outputfile-1730258995_background51.png"></span>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:41184.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:41891.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">52</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41257.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.56  Instrumentation</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41277.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The study director should ensure that all sample collection equipment will not alter the quality of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41291.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ground-water samples during transfer or collection activities.  A wide range of sampling devices</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41305.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">suitable for sampling nonvolatile organic chemicals in ground water is available, but only a few</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41320.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">are suitable for volatile organic compounds.  For instance, most pumps and bailers are not</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41334.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">suitable for the collection of volatiles.  Also, certain types of sampling equipment may not be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41348.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">appropriate in any situation: </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">$"!"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, peristaltic pumps generally cannot sample as deep as 30 feet.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41362.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sampler parts should be constructed of materials that will not contaminate or alter sample</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41376.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">integrity.  Typically teflon or stainless steel sampling equipment is preferred (USEPA, 1986b).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41390.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">In addition, pesticides may adsorb to certain types of tubing such as silicone rubber, Nalgene</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41405.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">180, Tygon R-3603, and low-density polyethylene.  Teflon or stainless steel bailers should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41419.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">alleviate this problem in most situations.  Dedicated sampling pumps are recommended to avoid</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41433.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">cross-contamination.  If these will not be used, then decontamination procedures which are</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41447.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">appropriate for the situation should be used.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41473.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.57  Sampling Methods</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41493.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Before any well is sampled, the static water levels should be obtained.  Water levels should also</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41508.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be measured in each piezometer during the sampling round.  This information will be used to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41522.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">construct a water table map for each sampling period.  Wells should be purged before sampling.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41536.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Samples should be drawn from each monitoring well during each sampling period and analyzed</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41550.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">individually.  The first ground-water samples from each round should be drawn from the furthest</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41564.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">up gradient well clusters.  Sampling should then progress down gradient.  Sampling for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41578.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">subsequent events should remain in the same order unless analytical results indicate</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41592.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">contamination of up gradient wells.  In this case, sampling should progress from the well</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41607.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">displaying the lowest pesticide residues to the well displaying the greatest pesticide residues.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41633.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">4.58  Integrated Sampling Schedule</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41653.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Once design decisions have been made about how and when to sample soil, soil water, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41667.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ground water, these decisions should be integrated into one monitoring plan for the ground-water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:41681.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring study.  An example of a coordinated monitoring schedule is given below:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:41976.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:42683.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">53</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:86.05pt;top:42073.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ROUND</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:213.00pt;top:42073.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">TIMING</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:382.90pt;top:42073.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">MEDIA SAMPLED</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42062pt;width: 1pt;height: 2pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42062pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42063pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42063pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:73pt;top:42062pt;width:70pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:73pt;top:42063pt;width:70pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:143pt;top:42062pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:143pt;top:42063pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:146pt;top:42062pt;width:182pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:146pt;top:42063pt;width:182pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42062pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42063pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:330pt;top:42062pt;width:208pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:330pt;top:42063pt;width:208pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42062pt;width: 1pt;height: 2pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42062pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42063pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42063pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42064pt;width: 1pt;height:21pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42064pt;width: 1pt;height:21pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42064pt;width: 1pt;height:21pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42064pt;width: 1pt;height:21pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42064pt;width: 1pt;height:21pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:85.45pt;top:42097.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 1</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:199.70pt;top:42097.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Pre-application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:335.15pt;top:42097.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil (0 - 3 inches), ALL Soil Water, ALL</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:390.00pt;top:42111.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Monitoring Wells.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42086pt;width: 1pt;height: 2pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42086pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42087pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:73pt;top:42086pt;width:70pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:73pt;top:42087pt;width:70pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:143pt;top:42086pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:143pt;top:42087pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:146pt;top:42086pt;width:182pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:146pt;top:42087pt;width:182pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42086pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42087pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:330pt;top:42086pt;width:208pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:330pt;top:42087pt;width:208pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42086pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42087pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42086pt;width: 1pt;height: 2pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42088pt;width: 1pt;height:35pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42088pt;width: 1pt;height:35pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42088pt;width: 1pt;height:35pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42088pt;width: 1pt;height:35pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42088pt;width: 1pt;height:35pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:85.45pt;top:42132.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 2</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:166.10pt;top:42132.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Immediately post-application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:391.30pt;top:42132.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil (0 - 3 inches)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42124pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42124pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42124pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42124pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42124pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42125pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42125pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42125pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42125pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42125pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:85.45pt;top:42152.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 3</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:182.75pt;top:42152.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1 day after application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:395.50pt;top:42152.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil (0 - 1 foot),</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42144pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42144pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42144pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42144pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42144pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42145pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42145pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42145pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42145pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42145pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:85.45pt;top:42172.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 4</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:156.25pt;top:42172.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3 days after application, (irrigate)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:395.50pt;top:42172.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil (0 - 1 foot),</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42165pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42165pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42165pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42165pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42165pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42165pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42165pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42165pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42165pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42165pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:85.45pt;top:42193.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 5</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:180.35pt;top:42193.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7 days after application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:343.20pt;top:42193.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil (0 - 1 foot), Soil Water (3, 6 feet)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42185pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42185pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42185pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42185pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42185pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42186pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42186pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42186pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42186pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42186pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:85.45pt;top:42213.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 6</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:177.35pt;top:42213.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">14 days after application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:335.75pt;top:42213.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil (0 - 1 foot), Soil Water (3, 6, 9 feet),</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:378.60pt;top:42227.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ALL Monitoring Wells</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42205pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42205pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42205pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42205pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42205pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42206pt;width: 1pt;height:33pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42206pt;width: 1pt;height:33pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42206pt;width: 1pt;height:33pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42206pt;width: 1pt;height:33pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42206pt;width: 1pt;height:33pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:85.45pt;top:42248.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:153.10pt;top:42248.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1 month after application (irrigate)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:336.50pt;top:42248.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil (0 - 2 feet), Soil Water (3, 6, 9 feet),</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:378.60pt;top:42262.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ALL Monitoring Wells</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42240pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42240pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:73pt;top:42240pt;width:70pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:143pt;top:42240pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:144pt;top:42240pt;width:183pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42240pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42240pt;width:209pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42240pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42240pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42241pt;width: 1pt;height:33pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42241pt;width: 1pt;height:33pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42241pt;width: 1pt;height:33pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42241pt;width: 1pt;height:33pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42241pt;width: 1pt;height:33pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:85.45pt;top:42282.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample 8</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:150.85pt;top:42282.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2 months after application (irrigate)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:336.85pt;top:42282.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ALL Soil Water, ALL Monitoring Wells</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42275pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42275pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:73pt;top:42275pt;width:70pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:143pt;top:42275pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:144pt;top:42275pt;width:183pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42275pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42275pt;width:209pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42275pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42275pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42275pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42275pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42275pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42275pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42275pt;width: 1pt;height:19pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:79.70pt;top:42303.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Samples 9 -</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:105.25pt;top:42317.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">?</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:155.65pt;top:42303.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">3 months after application - study</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:185.90pt;top:42317.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">termination (irrigate)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:336.85pt;top:42303.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ALL Soil Water, ALL Monitoring Wells</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42295pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42295pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:73pt;top:42295pt;width:70pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:143pt;top:42295pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:144pt;top:42295pt;width:183pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42295pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42295pt;width:209pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42295pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42295pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42296pt;width: 1pt;height:36pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42296pt;width: 1pt;height:36pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42332pt;width: 1pt;height: 2pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:70pt;top:42334pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42332pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:72pt;top:42332pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:73pt;top:42334pt;width:70pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:73pt;top:42332pt;width:70pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:143pt;top:42332pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:143pt;top:42334pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:146pt;top:42334pt;width:182pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:146pt;top:42332pt;width:182pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42296pt;width: 1pt;height:36pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42332pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:328pt;top:42334pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:330pt;top:42334pt;width:208pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:330pt;top:42332pt;width:208pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42296pt;width: 1pt;height:36pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42296pt;width: 1pt;height:36pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:540pt;top:42332pt;width: 1pt;height: 2pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42334pt;width: 2pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42332pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;font-size:0;left:538pt;top:42332pt;width: 1pt;height: 1pt;background-color:#000000;"></SPAN><SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42351.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sampling of soil water and ground water should continue until the patterns of transport and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42365.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">decline have been established for the test pesticide and associated degradates.  No study will be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42379.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">terminated before the questions for which the study was designed have been reasonably</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42393.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">answered.  The registrant may suspend sample analysis with EPA approval (but not continued</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42407.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sample collection) if they believe these criteria have been met while awaiting formal response</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42421.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">from EPA as to whether the Agency agrees that the criteria for study termination have been met.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<span style="color:#000000;background-color:#ffffff;position:absolute;left:0.00pt;top:41976.00pt;z-index:-1;"><img style="width:612pt;height:792pt;" src="outputfile-1730258995.htm_files\outputfile-1730258995_background53.png"></span>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:42768.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:43475.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">56</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42853.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 5 - SITE CHARACTERIZATION AND MONITORING PLAN DESIGN</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42867.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">REPORTS</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42898.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Reports summarizing the site characterization process and the development of monitoring plans</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42913.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">for each study site should be submitted to EPA for approval prior to the installation of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42927.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring system.  The Monitoring Plan Design Report should be prepared simultaneously with</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42941.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the Site Characterization Report.  Although both reports should be submitted before the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42955.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">implementation phase of the study can begin, they do not have to be submitted together.  Final</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42969.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">approval of monitoring plans will be provided after review.  Required elements of both of these</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42983.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reports are described below.  All reports and supporting data should be submitted in an editable</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:42998.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">electronic format and as many hard copies as required by Registration Division or Special</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43012.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Review and Reregistration Division.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43038.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.1 SITE CHARACTERIZATION REPORT</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43058.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The Site Characterization Report should be completed after the site characterization process.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43072.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The required elements of this report have been described in detail in Chapter 3.  They will be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43086.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">briefly summarized here and include:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:43115.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:43115.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A summary of regional conditions,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:43143.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:43143.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A site base map,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:43171.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:43171.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Description of surficial soil characteristics,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:43200.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:43200.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Description of field testing methods and results in the vadose zone (saturated and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:43214.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">unsaturated hydraulic conductivity, soil water content)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:43242.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:43242.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Description of historical water needs of crop and net recharge at the site,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:43270.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:43270.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Descriptions and results of test pit excavations,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:43299.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:43299.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Description of the design, implementation, and results of the exploratory boring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:43313.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">program,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:43341.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:43341.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Results of shallow saturated zone investigations,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:43370.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:43370.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Description of the irrigation, ground water and precipitation water quality,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:43398.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:43398.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Development of a conceptual model of the site, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:43426.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:43426.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Any additional information that may impact the design, performance, or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:43440.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conclusions of the study.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:43560.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:44267.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">57</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:43647.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:43647.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Summary of Regional Conditions</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43675.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Regional hydrogeology and agriculture should be described to provide a framework for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43690.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">interpreting the site-specific data collected during the site characterization process.  A description</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43704.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and map depicting the site location with respect to geographic features, regional topography,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43718.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">dominant soil types, major aquifers (including those used for drinking water), regional water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43732.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">table depths and direction of ground-water flow, regional irrigation trends, and other regional</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43746.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">agricultural practices should be included.  Maps and figures to illustrate the regional conditions</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43760.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">are encouraged.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43787.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.11  Site Base Map</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43807.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">An accurate base map of each study site displaying the information collected during the site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43821.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">characterization process should be included in the Site Characterization Report.  The required</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43835.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">elements of a site base map are listed in Chapter 3, Section 1.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43861.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.12  Surficial Soil Characteristics</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43881.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The results of detailed soil investigations conducted by a qualified soil scientist should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43896.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">presented.  A map depicting the soil series present at each study site should accompany a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43910.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">description of the characteristics of the soils present on each site.  A site-specific soil profile</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43924.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">describing the various soil horizons typical at each study site should be included.  Soil profile</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43938.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">descriptions should follow the conventions established by the U.S. Department of Agriculture.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43964.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.13  Field Testing Methods and Results</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43984.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The procedures used to determine the hydraulic conductivity, matric potential head and soil water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:43998.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">content of each test site should be reported.  A map indicating the locations of test sites should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44013.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">presented along with the results of the tests.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44039.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.14  Historical Water Needs and Net Recharge</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44059.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The data used to establish a baseline value for the average historical water needs of the crop and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44073.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">net recharge at the site should be summarized.  If historical weather data is derived from readily</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44087.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">available sources, such as the nearest NOAA weather station, the average of the monthly</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44101.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">precipitation and evaporation data should be summarized in a concise table, and the data source</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44116.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">cited.  If these data were derived from a local source near the study site, the summary table</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44130.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be accompanied by a more detailed description of the data source, as well as the name of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44144.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">a contact that is willing to discuss and verify the data.  If historical irrigation records are</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44158.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">available, these should be described in text and summary tables.  If such data are not available,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44172.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the method used to estimate irrigation requirements should be described in detail.  Copies of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44186.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">historical irrigation records or calculations used to estimate irrigation needs should be included</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44201.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">as an appendix to the Site Characterization Report.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:44352.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:45059.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">58</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44425.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.15  Test Pit Excavation</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44445.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Test pit investigation results should be reported.  All excavations should be located on a site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44459.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">map, and sketches and descriptions of significant features in the test pit walls should be included</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44473.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">in the report.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44500.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.16  Exploratory Boring Program</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44520.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The design of an exploratory boring program is described in Chapter 3, Section 2.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44534.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Documentation of all exploratory borings is critical to the characterization of subsurface</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44548.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conditions at each study site.  This documentation should include a reference to the boring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44562.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">methods and subsurface sample collection methods used, copies of all drilling logs, reference to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44576.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the preservation and transportation procedures for soil samples, a summary of the methods used</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44591.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">to analyze soil sample properties, and the physical and chemical characteristics of all soil</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44605.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">samples.  Quality assurance procedures ensuring the integrity of soil samples and the data derived</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44619.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">from those samples should also be reported.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44645.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.17  Saturated Zone Investigations</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44665.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The procedures used to gather information on the hydraulic characteristics of the shallow</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44679.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">saturated zone should be reported.  Contour maps illustrating the potentiometric surface of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44694.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">shallow aquifer at each study site should be constructed, and estimates of the hydraulic gradient</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44708.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">at each site should be reported.  Any information on water-table fluctuations associated with each</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44722.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study site should be reported, along with estimates of the magnitude and potential impacts of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44736.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">fluctuations on the study.  Hydraulic conductivity estimates obtained at each study site should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44750.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reported, and the methods used to determine these estimates should be described.  The range of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44764.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">hydraulic conductivity values obtained from different locations across the site, the results of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44778.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pump testing, if used, and the results of laboratory permeability tests should be compared to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44793.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">obtain an estimate of the variability in hydraulic conductivity at the site.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44819.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.18  Background Water Quality</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44839.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Basic data should be collected to establish the background quality of ground water, irrigation</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44853.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water and precipitation at the study site.  Analyses should include major ions, major nutrients,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44867.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">temperature, electrical conductivity and pH.  Additionally, water should be analyzed for the test</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44881.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">compound (to ensure that there are no residues, and to check the analytical method) and the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44896.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">tracer compound (typically bromide).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44922.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.19  Conceptual Model</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:44942.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Information required for each study site is presented in Chapter 3, Section 4 and includes:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:44970.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:44970.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A topographic map of the site,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:44999.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:44999.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A detailed map of surface soils (1:100 to 1:1,000),</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:45027.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45027.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Graphs or tables of particle-size distribution vs. depth,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:45144.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:45851.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">59</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:45231.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45231.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Graphs or tables of matric potential head vs. depth and soil water content,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:45259.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45259.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Graphs or tables of hydraulic conductivity vs. soil water content,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:45288.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45288.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Graphs or tables of organic matter content vs. depth for each core,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:45316.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45316.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">An estimate of the amount of water needed for the tracer to reach ground water in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45330.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">two years</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:45359.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45359.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">An estimate of travel time needed for the tracer and/or pesticide to reach ground</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45373.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:45401.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45401.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Graphs or tables of infiltration rates and saturated and unsaturated hydraulic</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45415.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conductivity measured across each study site, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:45444.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45444.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Contour maps of site hydraulic conductivity, soil water content, matric potential</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45458.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">head and hydraulic head.  The latter map should illustrate the direction of ground-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45472.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water flow and give estimates of the hydraulic gradient.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:45500.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Geologic cross-sections should be constructed from soil core information collected during site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:45514.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">characterization.  At least two cross-sections should be prepared for each study site that depicts</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:45528.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">significant stratigraphic and hydrogeologic features.  One cross-section should be oriented</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:45543.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">parallel to the direction of ground-water flow; the other should be perpendicular to the flow</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:45557.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">direction.  The following information should be included on each cross-section:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:45585.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45585.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Orientation of the section across the site,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:45613.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45613.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Description of all stratigraphic units,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:45642.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45642.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Structural features,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:45670.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45670.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Zones of high and low hydraulic conductivity,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:45698.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45698.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Location of each borehole intersecting or projected into the section, with the total</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45713.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">depth of the borehole and the depth to the water table indicated,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:45741.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:45741.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Indication of the rate and direction of ground-water flow.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:45781.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5.2 MONITORING PLAN DESIGN REPORT (PROTOCOL)</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:45801.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">In contrast to the level of site-specific detail required in a Site Characterization Report, extensive</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:45816.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">detail in the Monitoring Plan Design Report should only be provided for chemical-specific</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:45936.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:46643.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">60</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46009.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">information, or when elements of the proposed study design vary from the recommendations</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46023.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">provided in the remaining chapters of this Guidance Document.  Study directors are discouraged</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46037.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">from submitting "draft protocols."  If the design requirements spelled out in this guidance</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46051.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">document are met, then timely approval of the Monitoring Plan Design Report will allow the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46066.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">experimental phase of the study to begin on schedule.  Most subsequent changes to the study</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46080.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">design can be addressed in a series of memoranda, rather than by submitting a series of draft</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46094.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reports.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46122.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">If the study director believes that some aspect of the Monitoring Plan Design cannot be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46136.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">consistent with the guidelines in this document, a detailed description and justification should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46151.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">submitted.   This situation may be caused by the conditions of the study site or chemical</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46165.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">characteristics of the pesticide or degradates.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46193.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The Monitoring Plan Design Report should clearly detail how the pesticide application,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46207.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sampling, and analysis will provide the data necessary to evaluate the leaching potential of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46221.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide and its degradates under the site-specific study conditions.  The following chemical-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46236.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">specific data should be provided:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:46264.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:46264.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Application rates,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:46292.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:46292.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Compounds to be analyzed, including degradates and tracer,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:46320.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:46320.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Analytical methods,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:46349.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:46349.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Application method,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:46377.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:46377.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Equipment calibration methods, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:46405.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:46405.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Method used to confirm the application rate.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46434.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The above information should be provided in summary form, with reference to readily available</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46448.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">standard operating procedures.  Field personnel should document referenced procedures in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46462.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">official field notebooks to comply with Good Laboratory Practice requirements.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46490.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The design of the proposed monitoring program for each study site should also be fully described</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46505.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">in the Monitoring Plan Design Report.  The following information, detailed in Chapter 4, should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46519.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be provided in the Monitoring Plan Design Report:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:46547.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:46547.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The number of monitoring wells and suction lysimeters that will be installed,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:46575.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:46575.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A diagram showing proposed well and lysimeter locations,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:46604.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:46604.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A description of the proposed soil water sampler design,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:46728.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:47435.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">61</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:46815.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:46815.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A schematic diagram of the proposed well construction details,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:46843.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:46843.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Intended method, rate, schedule, and duration of irrigation,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:46872.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:46872.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Proposed experimental start and finish dates, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:46900.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:46900.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil, soil water, soil water content, matric potential and ground-water sampling</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:46914.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">schedules.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46943.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The Monitoring Plan Design Report should also detail the field procedures that will be used to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46957.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">instrument the site, conduct the sampling, and abandon the site at the conclusion of the study.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46971.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">These required elements are described in Chapter 4.  These procedures should be described in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:46985.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">summary form, with reference to readily available standard operating procedures.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:47520.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:48227.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">62</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:47619.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 6 - MONITORING PLAN IMPLEMENTATION</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:47636.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Once the Monitoring Plan Design has been approved, work on instrumentation can begin.  At</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:47650.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">this stage all design decisions have been made.  What remains is to install monitoring devices,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:47665.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">apply the pesticide and tracer, to collect samples, and to send them off for analysis.  This chapter</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:47679.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">describes factors to be considered in the field during instrumentation, application, sample</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:47693.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">collection, and sample handling.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:47721.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">EPA anticipates that field-scale ground-water monitoring studies will be conducted over a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:47735.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">minimum of a 3-year period.  This period includes 1 year for site selection, site characterization,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:47750.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the development of a monitoring plan, and the installation of the monitoring system, and at least</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:47764.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2 years for post-application monitoring.  Additional time will likely be required for the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:47778.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">preparation of the final study report.  The duration of these studies may vary depending on the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:47792.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">results obtained.  Termination of monitoring at study sites requires EPA approval.  Generally,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:47806.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conditions appropriate for termination of the study include:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:47835.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:47835.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The tracer has peaked in concentration in all monitoring wells at the site, and has</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:47849.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">shown a marked decline for at least three months and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:47877.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:47877.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Residues of the pesticide (parent and degradates of concern) have completely</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:47891.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">degraded and dissipated in the entire profile (vadose and, if applicable, saturated</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:47905.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">zone).  This is generally defined as no detections for three consecutive sampling</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:47919.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">times over an interval of at least two months, or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:47948.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:47948.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Pesticide residues have clearly peaked (parent and degradates of concern) in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:47962.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ground water beneath the treated field (for each of the well clusters) or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:47976.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">concentrations have leveled off for an extended period (usually about 4 to 8</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:47990.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">months) while significant  pesticide residues and tracer substance no longer</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:48004.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">remain in the vadose zone.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48033.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sampling of soil water and ground water should continue until the patterns of transport and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48047.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">decline have been established for the test pesticide and associated degradates.  No study will be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48061.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">terminated before the questions for which the study was designed have been reasonably</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48075.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">answered.  The registrant may suspend sample analysis with EPA approval (but not continued</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48089.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sample collection) if they believe these criteria have been met while awaiting formal response</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48104.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">from EPA as to whether the Agency agrees that the criteria for study termination have been met.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48132.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">This chapter is divided into the following sections:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:48160.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:48160.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Application of Pesticide and Tracer</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:48189.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:48189.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Irrigation</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:48312.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:49019.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">63</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:48399.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:48399.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil Monitoring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:48427.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:48427.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil Water Monitoring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:48456.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:48456.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Ground-Water Monitoring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:48484.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:48484.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample Handling and Tracking</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48525.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.1 APPLICATION OF PESTICIDE AND TRACER</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48545.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The field crew should document that the application of the test pesticide and tracer corresponds</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48559.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">to the rates and methods defined in the Monitoring Plan Design Report.  Background</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48573.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">concentrations of the tracer in the vadose and saturated zones need to be established ahead of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48587.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">time and the application rate should be sufficient that breakthrough of the tracer into shallow</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48601.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ground water can be clearly detected with the analytical method used.  Application methods,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48615.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">calibration procedures, amount applied, and the date and time of each application should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48630.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">documented carefully in the field notebook and reported in the First Quarterly and Final Report.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48644.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The tracer identified in the Monitoring Plan Design Report should be applied the same day as the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48658.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">test pesticide.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48686.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Field notes should record the climatic conditions on the day of application, including wind speed,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48700.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">temperature and precipitation.  It is particularly important to document in detail soil water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48714.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">content and temperature conditions on the day of application and for following days.  The field</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48729.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">crew should take detailed notes (supported by photographs when appropriate) on the amount,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48743.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">type, and positioning of plant residues or organic amendments relative to the planting rows (if</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48757.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">applicable), surface roughness, row spacing, ridge height and depth and method of plowing, crop</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48771.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">stage and vigor, weed composition and cover, and other factors which may significantly</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48785.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">influence pesticide dissipation especially in the critical first few hours and days after application.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:75.00pt;top:48799.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Application should not take place on a day when conditions could cause pesticide loss due to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48814.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">spray drift or runoff, or if conditions are inconsistent with label directions.  All entries to the field</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48828.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">notebook throughout the study should be consistent with FIFRA Good Laboratory Practices</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48842.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(GLP).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48868.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.2  IRRIGATION</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48885.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Detailed guidance on how to determine the amount of irrigation water needed throughout the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48899.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">course of the study is provided in Chapter 4.  The cooperating farmer tending the study field</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48914.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be familiarized with the schedule and method of irrigation identified in Monitoring Plan</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48928.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Design.  With the exception of the irrigation event during the first week after pesticide</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48942.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application, times when irrigation is needed will not necessarily correspond to days field</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48956.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">personnel are scheduled to conduct sampling.  Soil water content determinations up to a one</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48970.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">meter depth should always be made prior to any irrigation event as well as for all sampling events</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:48984.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(normally several in the first month after application and once a month thereafter).  The Study</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:49104.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:49811.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">64</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49177.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Director should keep in close communication with the cooperating farmer to ensure that monthly</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49191.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">irrigation targets are being met, and that records of the dates and amounts of irrigation are being</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49205.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">kept.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49232.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.3  SOIL MONITORING</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49249.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil sampling is important for verification of field application rate.  For at least the month after</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49263.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application (normally including samples taken 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, and 30 days post-treatment) samples</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49277.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should not be composited before analysis in order to establish spatial variability of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49291.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application.  Analysis of soil samples for pesticide and tracer residues should be continued until</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49305.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">at least three consecutive (normally monthly) samples show no residues above the minimum</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49319.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">detection (not quantitation) limit.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49348.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">For soil monitoring, permanent equipment will not be installed in the field.  Therefore, the first</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49362.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">step in the field procedure is decontamination of sampling equipment, followed by sample</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49376.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">collection and handling.  Careful attention to avoid cross contamination of samples is important,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49390.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">especially in the early sampling intervals when pesticide residues on the field are highest.  The</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49404.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">field crew should carefully document procedures in the field notebook, noting any problems or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49419.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">deviations from the Monitoring Plan Design.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49445.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.31  Decontamination of Sampling Equipment</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49465.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Decontamination minimizes the likelihood that pesticide or tracer residues will be introduced</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49479.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">into deeper soil horizons during sampling.  A decontamination area should be designated in a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49493.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">location downgradient of the study plot.  Soil-sampling equipment should be cleaned prior to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49507.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sample collection at each sampling interval.  Field-blank water samples should be taken with</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49521.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">each sampling round to test the effectiveness of the soil-equipment decontamination methods.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49536.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">All rinsate used in the decontamination process should be disposed of away from the study site.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49550.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Additionally, rinsate should not be disposed of in “ecologically sensitive” areas, such as wetlands</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49564.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">or down other wells.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49592.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Field personnel can take additional precautions beyond equipment decontamination to prevent</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49606.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sample cross-contamination.  For example, each person collecting samples should wear a clean</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49621.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pair of gloves during collection of each soil core.  Decontaminated sampling equipment should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49635.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">never come in contact with the ground until the actual sample collection.  Decontaminated</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49649.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sampling equipment should be placed in a clean plastic bag between uses to avoid accidental</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49663.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">contact with contaminated soil or water.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49689.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.32  Soil Sample Collection and Handling</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49709.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The primary concern at the time of soil sampling is that representative samples be collected,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49724.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">being careful not to cross-contaminate samples from different depths or cores.  Surface plant</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49738.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">residue should be included with shallow soil samples to account for pesticide residues clinging to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49752.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">this material.  When collecting successive samples for a deeper core, the top portion of each core</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49766.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be carefully scraped to remove soil from the previous depth increment.  The locations of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49780.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sampling cores should be carefully measured and recorded in the field notebook, to avoid re-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:49896.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:50603.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">65</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49969.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sampling in a location previously disturbed by coring.  After sampling, core holes should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:49983.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">refilled with pesticide-residue free soil according to State and local regulations.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50010.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.4  PORE-WATER MONITORING</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50026.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The primary purpose of soil water monitoring is to track the movement of dissolved pesticide and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50041.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">tracer toward the water table.  Detection of tracer in the soil column indicates that downward</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50055.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">movement is occurring; detection of tracer in the ground water indicates that recharge has</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50069.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">occurred.  Monitoring pesticide residues gives an indication of the relative rate of transport of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50083.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50109.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.41  Instrumentation</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50129.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The proper installation of soil water content monitoring devices is described in manufacturer's</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50144.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">materials and in USEPA (1986b), ASTM (1994), Nielsen and Johnson (1990), Everett, Wilson,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50158.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and Hoylman (1984), and Morrison (1983).  All lysimeters should be cleaned and leak tested</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50172.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">before installation in the field to ensure that they will be able to hold sufficient vacuum to draw a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50186.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soil-water sample.  Testing of lysimeters prior to installation is of special practical importance,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50200.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">since any lysimeter that does not function properly during the study will require that a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50214.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">replacement be installed.  Recommended methods for pre-installation cleaning and leak testing of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50229.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pore-water samplers are described in US EPA (1986b).  In some instances, the manufacturer of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50243.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the sampling device may recommend other cleaning procedures that are appropriate for the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50257.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">specific device.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50285.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The maximum suction that can be applied to a lysimeter before contact with soil-water is broken</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50299.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">is the bubbling pressure (or air entry pressure).  If a suction greater than the bubbling pressure is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50313.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">applied to a lysimeter, only air will be drawn into the collection cup.  If the bubbling pressure for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50328.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">a lysimeter is not provided by the manufacturer, this value should be determined before</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50342.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">lysimeters are installed in the field.  This can be done by saturating the collection cup with water,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50356.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">immersing the cup in water, and applying pressure to the lysimeter.  The bubbling pressure is the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50370.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pressure at which air escapes from the ceramic cup into the surrounding water.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50398.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Pressure-vacuum lysimeters offer some advantages over suction lysimeters.  For example, the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50413.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">maximum operating depth of pressure-vacuum lysimeters is 15 meters, as opposed to 6 meters</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50427.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">for suction lysimeters.   Also, pressure-vacuum lysimeters collected samples through tubing</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50441.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">which is part of the sample equipment, thus tubing is not reused eliminating this as a potential</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50455.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">source of contamination.  Good hydraulic contact between the porous segment of the sampler and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50469.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the unsaturated media is needed to minimize leakage along the annulus of the borehole.  This</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50483.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">may be accomplished by packing silica flour around and beneath the porous segment of suction</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50498.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">samplers.  The use of other materials, such as sand or soil backfill will not provide as strong a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50512.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">hydraulic connection and may necessitate equipment replacement.  Bentonite powder should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50526.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">used to form a tight seal in the annular space immediately above the porous component of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50540.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sampler to prevent contamination from the surface.  The supervising scientist should record</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50554.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">problems encountered during installation or deviations from procedures and describe them in the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50568.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">First Quarterly Report and in the Final Report.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:50688.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:51395.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">66</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50773.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.42  Decontamination</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50793.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample collection tubing in a pressure-vacuum lysimeter is a dedicated part of the sampling</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50807.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">device, and need not be decontaminated.  Other types of lysimeters, for example suction</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50821.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">lysimeters, have sampling tubing that is attached at the time of sampling and should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50836.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">decontaminated if it is used for multiple lysimeters.  In all cases, sampling tubing should not be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50850.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">allowed to come in contact with the ground and should be handled with clean gloves during</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50864.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sample collection.  Any rinsate should be disposed of away from the study area. Additionally,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50878.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">rinsate should not be disposed of in “ecologically sensitive” areas, such as wetlands or down</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50892.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">other wells.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50919.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.43  Sample Collection</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50939.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The following procedures pertain to the collection of samples from pressure-vacuum lysimeters.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50953.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Methods for the collection of pore-water samples are generally provided by the equipment</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50967.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">manufacturer and are summarized in ASTM (1994), Nielsen and Johnson (1990), and USEPA</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:50981.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(1986a).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51009.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Pore-water samples should be collected from suction lysimeters by maintaining a constant level</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51024.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of suction on the porous cup of the lysimeter for at least 24 hours.  The suction induces the flow</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51038.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of water from the surrounding unsaturated media into the sampler.  To collect a sample, pressure</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51052.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">is applied to the second line and water is forced from the porous cup through the discharge tubing</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51066.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">into the collection bottle.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51094.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The appropriate amount of suction for each lysimeter depends upon the type of soil and the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51108.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ambient soil moisture at the time of sampling.  The suction placed on the lysimeter should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51123.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">greater than the suction naturally occurring in the soil in order to induce flow into the collection</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51137.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">container and to prevent backflow from the porous sampling cup to the soil matrix.  The pressure</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51151.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">applied to the lysimeter to force sample water from the collection cup to the surface should not</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51165.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">exceed the bubbling pressure of the lysimeter, or the collected sample will be forced from the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51179.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ceramic cup back into the surrounding soil.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51208.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The following should be included in the field notes for each lysimeter sampled:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:51236.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:51236.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Amount of suction applied,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:51264.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:51264.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Date and time that suction was applied,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:51293.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:51293.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Remaining suction at time of sampling,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:51321.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:51321.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Date and time of sampling,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:51349.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:51349.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Pressure applied for sampling and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:51480.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:52187.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">67</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:51553.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:51553.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Volume of sample collected</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51581.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">If the volume of available pore water or ground water is not sufficient for both pesticide and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51595.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">tracer analyses, pesticide analyses should be given first priority.  If sample volume allows,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51610.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">duplicate and field-spike samples should be collected. A trip blank sample should be included to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51624.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ensure cross-contamination of samples does not occur during shipment to the laboratory.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51652.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Any problems or variations in procedures in the Monitoring Plan Design Report should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51666.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">described in the Quarterly Reports and in the Final Report.  Reasonable effort should be made to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51680.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">follow the prescribed sampling program.  Adjustments may have to be made during periods of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51695.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">bad weather but samples should still be collected according to the prescribed intensity (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">$"!"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, still</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51709.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">at an average frequency of once every month unless a deviation from the protocol is approved by</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51723.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the Agency) and at times closest to the scheduled date that are feasible.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51749.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.5  GROUND-WATER MONITORING</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51766.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">As with the soil pore-water sampling devices, monitoring well design decisions have been made</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51780.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and described in the Monitoring Plan Design Report.  Problems or variances from these</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51795.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">procedures should be documented and discussed as they arise in each Quarterly Report and in the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51809.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Final Report.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51835.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.51  Instrumentation</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51855.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The ability to collect representative ground-water samples depends on the proper installation of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51869.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring wells.  Most states require that a permit be filed prior to the installation of monitoring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51883.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">wells and that well construction records are returned to the state within a specific time following</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51897.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the emplacement of monitoring wells.  States may also have specific monitoring-well</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51912.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">construction requirements that should be followed.  Wells should be installed by licensed drillers</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51926.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">familiar with all relevant state and local requirements and supervised by an experienced</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51940.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">geologist, professional engineer or environmental scientist. In addition, before initiation of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51954.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring well installation program, an effort should be made to identify and locate utilities,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51968.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">irrigation systems, tile drains, etc. to avoid damage and costly repairs.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:51997.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">All information pertaining to work performed during the well construction should be recorded in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52011.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">detail in a bound project notebook using waterproof ink.  Field-book entries for each monitoring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52025.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">well should be sufficiently detailed to allow the preparation of a detailed well log.  The following</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52039.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">minimum information should be provided on every well log:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:52067.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:52067.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Well number and permit number,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:52096.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:52096.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Well location,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:52124.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:52124.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Well depth,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:52152.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:52152.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Elevation of the top of the casing,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:52272.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:52979.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">68</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:52359.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:52359.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Depth to the water table,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:52387.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:52387.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Well construction details including: materials; length and diameter of the casing,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:52402.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">screen, and surface casing,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:52430.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:52430.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Well annulus construction details including:  depth, thickness, and materials</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:52444.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">selected for the filter pack, plug, and surface pad,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:52472.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:52472.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Geologist's field observations of soil characteristics from continuous split-spoon</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:52487.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">samples including: soil texture, color, moisture, and structure,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:52515.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:52515.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Geotechnical information, such as blow counts necessary to advance the split</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:52529.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">spoon and sample recovery and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:52557.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:52557.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Names of the drilling contractor and supervising geologist and,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:108.00pt;top:52586.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:144.00pt;top:52586.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Weather conditions during the drilling activities.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52614.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Any deviations should be recorded and described in the First Quarterly Report and in the Final</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52628.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Report.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52655.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.52  Well Development</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52674.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Well development procedures should be undertaken once a monitoring well has been installed</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52689.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and sufficient time has passed to allow the annular seal to cure.  The purpose of developing a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52703.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring well is to improve the hydraulic characteristics of the filter pack by removing fine-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52717.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">grained materials from the pack, and causing coarser materials to settle around and stabilize the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52731.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">screen.  Once this is accomplished, the monitoring well can be used to collect representative</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52745.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ground-water samples.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52774.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Removal of fine materials may be more difficult if the surrounding soil itself is fine-textured, or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52788.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">if the soil water is naturally turbid.  In these cases, indicator parameters such as pH and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52802.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conductivity should be monitored during development (Driscoll, 1986).  Development should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52816.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">continue until parameters stabilize or the turbidity of the discharge water is less than 5</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52830.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">nephelometric turbidity units (NTU), as recommended in USEPA (1986b).  If the parameters do</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52844.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">not stabilize, this is an indication that the development method is not effective and an alternate</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52859.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">method is needed.  Information recorded during the development of each well should include:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52873.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">date of development and development method, volume of water removed, and a log of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:52887.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">parameters monitored.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:53064.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:53771.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">69</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53137.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.53  Decontamination</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53157.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Unless dedicated pumps are used for sampling, all ground-water sampling equipment should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53171.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">cleaned before use, and between wells.  Non-dedicated sampling equipment should be washed</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53185.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">with a nonphosphate detergent, rinsed with tap water then distilled water, and finally rinsed with</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53200.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">a pesticide-grade acetone (or hexane or methyl alcohol) to aid in drying and to remove any</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53214.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">organic residue (Barcelona at al., 1985).  Other options are given in Driscoll (1986).  All solvents</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53228.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">used in decontamination activities should be disposed of in accordance with state or local</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53242.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">regulations.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53270.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">If a single pump will be used to purge multiple wells or collect ground-water samples, tubing</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53285.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be dedicated to individual monitoring wells.  Any non-dedicated equipment should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53299.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">designed so that it can be disassembled for cleaning at the decontamination area before a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53313.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">different well is sampled.  Tubing removed from a well after each purging or sampling event</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53327.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be rinsed with deionized water before placing in a clean storage container and sealed.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53341.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Field blanks should be collected from sampling equipment between wells to test the effectiveness</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53355.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of decontamination.  Bailers should be filled once and then decanted into sample collection</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53370.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">bottles.  If non-dedicated pumps are used for sample collection, deionized water should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53384.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pumped through equipment after decontamination and a sample collected for analysis.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53412.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Some States have developed guidelines for decontamination protocols (Mickam et al., 1989).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53426.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">State regulatory agencies should be consulted to obtain current information on standard</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53440.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">decontamination practices for saturated and vadose zone monitoring programs.  These standards</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53454.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be used to supplement the guidelines outlined in this document.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53483.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The water purged from the wells should be discharged away from all well clusters.  Additionally,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53497.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">purge water should not be disposed of in “ecologically sensitive” areas, such as wetlands or down</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53511.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">other wells.  Field personnel can take precautions beyond decontamination of sampling</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53525.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">equipment to ensure that cross-contamination between wells does not occur.  Decontaminated</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53539.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">equipment should be handled using rubber laboratory gloves, and should not be placed directly</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53554.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">on the ground.  It is best to store equipment in clean sealed containers after decontamination</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53568.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, plastic bags or coolers) for relocation to the well site.  If bailers are used for purging and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53582.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sampling wells, bailer cords should be discarded after a single use.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53608.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.54  Sample Collection</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53628.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Prior to sampling any of the monitoring wells at a study site, field conditions should be described</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53642.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">in the field notebook.  This includes observations of weather and soil surface conditions, and the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53657.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">height of the water table in all wells and piezometers.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53685.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">In order to collect a ground-water sample from a monitoring well that is representative of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53699.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water in the surrounding aquifer, standing water should be removed from the well casing, screen,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53713.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and surrounding filter pack.  This procedure is called purging.  The volume of water purged, the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53727.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">rate at which it is withdrawn, and the location of the sampling intake all determine how</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53742.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">representative the sample is to the water in the aquifer.  Typically parameters such as dissolved</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:53856.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:54563.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">70</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53929.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">oxygen, specific conductivity, oxidation-reduction potential, turbidity and pH are continuously</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53943.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitored throughout purging.  When these parameters stabilize, the well is considered purged</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53957.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(Driscoll, 1986).  Alternatively, a specific number of well casing volumes can be removed.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53971.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Meters used to monitor pH, temperature, and specific conductance should be calibrated before</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:53986.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">each use.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54014.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Bailers should be gently lowered into the water column to a measured depth just below the water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54028.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">table.  Samples for volatile pesticides should be headspace-free.  Peristaltic pumps, low-flow</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54042.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">submersible pumps and bladder pump are suitable for sampling for volatile pesticides.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54071.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Ground-water samples should be collected in containers that will not interact with the sample.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54085.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Consult with the laboratory that the samples will be analyzed at to determine if preservation</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54099.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">methods beyond the use of ice will be necessary to prevent additional degradation of the target</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54113.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">compounds.  Ensure that use of chemical preservatives will not interfere with analysis of target</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54127.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">compounds.  Ground-water samples should not be composited, but placed directly into sample</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54141.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">collection bottles.  The techniques used need to be validated for providing a representative</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54156.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sample in which the analytes are stable under the conditions of transport and subsequent storage</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54170.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">before analysis. A trip blank sample should be included to ensure cross-contamination of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54184.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">samples does not occur during shipment to the laboratory.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54212.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">If the volume of available pore water or ground water is not sufficient for both pesticide and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54226.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">tracer analyses the pesticide analyses should be given first priority.  The analytical procedures</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54240.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">described in the Monitoring Plan Design should be used and documented.  Duplicate samples</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54255.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and field spike samples should be collected.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54281.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6.6  SAMPLE HANDLING AND TRACKING</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54312.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Water and soil samples should be placed directly into coolers after collection.  To ensure against</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54326.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">breakage and temperature fluctuations in the samples, the following sample packing and shipping</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54340.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">procedures should be followed:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:54369.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:54369.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Samples should be shipped in insulated boxes or coolers.  Devices are available to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:54383.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">automatically monitor and record temperature while the samples are in transit.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:54411.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:54411.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Individual glass sample containers should be wrapped either in plastic bubble wrap,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:54425.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">placed in Styrofoam holders, or somehow packaged to separate the sample bottles</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:54440.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">during shipping.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:54468.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:54468.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Gel-Cold packs or other materials to maintain stable temperatures can be placed in each</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:54482.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">cooler, but should not be in direct contact with any of the glass sample containers.  To</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:54496.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">help maintain the Gel-Cold pack temperature and keep the temperature of the coolers</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:54511.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">around 4</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:156.25pt;top:54511.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">°</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:161.05pt;top:54511.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">C, ice sealed in plastic bags may be added.  The ice should be bagged to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:54525.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">prevent seepage during transport.  Soil samples should be packed in a container at or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:54648.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:55355.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">71</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:54722.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">below 0</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:152.30pt;top:54722.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Symbol" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">°</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:157.10pt;top:54722.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">C as soon as possible after collection.  If dry ice is used to preserve soil</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:54736.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">samples during shipment, field personnel should follow all hazardous material labeling</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:54750.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">requirements.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:54778.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:54778.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">It</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:121.10pt;top:54778.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">is important that all sample tracking paperwork (i.e. chain-of-custody) be included</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:54792.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">with the shipment and that the chest be sealed according to chain-of-custody procedures.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54821.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">All samples should be stored after collection according to GLP-compliant procedures and the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54835.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">stability should be validated by a storage stability study.  Coordination with the laboratory</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54849.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">concerning frequency and number of samples is important for sample preservation and to ensure</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54863.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">that sample holding times are not exceeded.  The laboratory should therefore be notified prior to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54877.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sample collection to ensure that samples will be processed and analyzed quickly.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54892.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The sample tracking procedure described in the Monitoring Plan Design portion of the Study</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54906.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Protocol should be followed.  A number should be assigned to each sample collected.  That</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54920.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">number should be marked on the sample container and recorded on the tracking form and in the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54934.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">project notebook.  Weather conditions or field comments should also be recorded on the tracking</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54948.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">form or in the field notebook.  A three-part label should be used that includes numbered</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54962.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">descriptive information to be placed on the sample container.  In </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">general</FONT></u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, sample labels should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:54977.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">placed in duplicate on the sample container and should include:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:55005.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:55005.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Date and time of collection,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:55033.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:55033.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pH, temperature, and specific conductance,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:55062.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:55062.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Identification of sample location,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:55090.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:55090.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Analytes, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:55118.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:55118.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Signature of field technician.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55146.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">If samples are shipped to a laboratory, samples should be shipped in such a way as to avoid</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55161.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">breakage of sample containers and maintain sample integrity.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:55440.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:56147.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">72</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55525.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 7 - REPORTING</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55556.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Quarterly status reports for each prospective ground-water monitoring study should be submitted</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55570.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">following the application of the compounds of interest.  Required elements of these status reports</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55585.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">are described in Section 7.1.  These status reports are required to allow adjustment to the study</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55599.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">design, if necessary, and for the determination of when the stated goals of the study have been</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55613.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">fulfilled.  However, in the interest of efficiency, quarterly reports will not be formally reviewed</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55627.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(i.e. no formal write-up of review will be submitted to registrant from the US EPA) unless the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55641.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">results presented warrant further action.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55670.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The monitoring plan implementation phase of a prospective ground-water study may end once</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55684.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the EPA approves a Study Termination Report submitted by the registrant.  While ground-water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55698.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sampling in a prospective study would ideally be completed two years after the application of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55712.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">test chemical, the appropriate termination point of a study is a function of site-specific and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55726.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">chemical-specific characteristics.  Section 7.2 describes milestones in the ground-water study that</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55740.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should occur before the Study Director considers submitting a Study Termination Report.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55769.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">At the conclusion of each study, a Final Study Report should also be submitted to EPA.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55783.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Required elements of this report are described in Section 7.3.  As this document should be able to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55797.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">stand alone as a full report on the small-scale prospective study, it will include information</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55811.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">already presented in previous submissions.  This report is the vehicle in which the registrant can</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55825.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">provide interpretation of the study results, suggest further mitigation measures, and extrapolate</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55839.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the results through modeling, or comparison to other available data.   All information referenced</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55854.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">to sampling locations should conform to EPA's minimum data elements standards which can be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55868.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">found at the US EPAs’ Water Quality Data Submissions: OPP Standard Operating Procedure</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55882.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">home page</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55896.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(</FONT></FONT><u><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">h</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt"><a href="http://">ttp://</a></FONT><FONT COLOR="0000ff"></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">www.epa.gov/oppsrrd1/registration_review/water_quality_sop.htm#appendix_a)</FONT></u><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">All</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55910.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reports and supporting data should be submitted in an editable electronic format and as one hard</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55924.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">copy.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55951.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.1  QUARTERLY REPORTS</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55982.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Quarterly status reports should be submitted to EPA beginning with the first quarter following</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:55996.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the application of the compounds of interest to each study site.  The required elements of these</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56010.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reports include:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:56039.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:56039.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A summary of the activities at the site during the quarter,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:56067.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:56067.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Concentrations or mass accounting for the conservative tracer and total pesticide residues</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:56081.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">at each cluster,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:56109.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:56109.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Protocol deviations from the approved monitoring plan, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:56232.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:56939.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">73</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:56319.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:56319.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Results of all chemical analyses for samples (including quality control samples)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:56333.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">collected during the quarter.  Individual results should be reported.  Results should not be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:56347.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">averaged over samples or time.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:56376.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:56376.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Provide graphical representation of chemical analysis</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56404.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">These report elements are described further in the following sections.  The submittal of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56418.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">additional information that may impact the design, conduct, or findings of the study is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56432.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">encouraged.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56459.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.11  Summary of Site Activities</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56479.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The summary of site activities should include all activities related to agronomic practices,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56493.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring, and irrigation.  The application dates for fertilizers or other compounds applied to</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56507.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the study area should be reported along with information on other agronomic practices conducted</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56521.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">during the quarter.  Similarly, the dates of sample collection should be reported along with</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56535.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">information on weather conditions during the quarter.  If irrigation water was applied to the study</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56550.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">site during the quarter, then the dates and amounts of water applied should be reported, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56564.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">compared to the targets set in the Irrigation Plan.  The results of field measurements such as soil</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56578.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water content and matric potential should be reported along with a water budget indicating the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56592.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">amount of net recharge to the site.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56618.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.12  Mass Balance</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56638.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A mass balance for the conservative tracer and total pesticide residues should be reported for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56652.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">each cluster.  The mass balance at each lysimeter and monitoring well should be approximated.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56679.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.13  Protocol Deviations</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56699.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Any deviations from the protocol established and approved as part of the Monitoring Plan Design</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56713.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be reported for each quarter.  Reporting of deviations should include a discussion of the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56727.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">proposed and approved procedures, a description of the revised procedures that were</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56741.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">implemented during the quarter, the reasons for the revisions, and the anticipated effects on the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56755.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56782.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.14  Analytical Results</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56802.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The results of all chemical analyses (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">$"!"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, analyses for the test pesticide, degradates, and tracer)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56816.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">conducted on samples should be reported in tabular format.  MDLs and the results of quality</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56830.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">control analyses should also be reported.  Comments and a brief discussion of the analytical</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:56844.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">results for the quarter may be included.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:57024.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:57731.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">74</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57097.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.2  STUDY TERMINATION REPORT</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57128.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The sampling program of a prospective ground-water monitoring study would ideally last two</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57142.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">years.  However, in reality the duration of a successful study is a function of how long it takes for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57157.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">applied water to recharge to ground water and of how long it takes for the pesticide and its</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57171.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">degradates to leave the vadose zone by degradation and/or dissipation.  This time frame is a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57185.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">function of the soil type, properties of the pesticide, and the amount of net recharge at the site.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57213.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">In order to consider proposing an end to the sampling phase of a prospective study, the study</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57227.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">director should assess whether the following criteria have been met:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:57256.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57256.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The tracer has peaked in concentration in all monitoring wells at the site, and has shown</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57270.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">a marked decline for at least three months, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:57298.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57298.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Residues of the pesticide (parent and degradates of concern) have completely degraded</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57312.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and dissipated in the entire profile (vadose and, if applicable, saturated zone).  This is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57327.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">generally defined as no detections for three consecutive sampling times over an interval</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57341.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of at least two months, or</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:57369.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57369.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Pesticide residues have clearly peaked (parent and degradates of concern) in ground</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57383.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water beneath the treated field (for each of the well clusters) or concentrations have</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57397.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">leveled off for an extended period (usually about 4 to 8 months) while significant</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57411.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide residues and tracer substance no longer remain in the vadose zone.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57440.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The Study Termination Report should detail the fact that the above conditions have been met,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57454.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">give a brief summary of study results, and propose a date for the termination of the sampling</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57468.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">phase of the monitoring study.  Sample collection should continue until EPA reviews the Study</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57482.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Termination Report and concurs that sampling can end.  EPA will review the Study Termination</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57496.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Report within sixty days of receipt of the report.  No study will be terminated before the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57511.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">questions for which the study was designed have been reasonably answered.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57537.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.3  FINAL REPORT</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57568.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A  Final Report should be submitted to EPA at the conclusion of each study.  This report should</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57582.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">include</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:57611.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57611.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Documentation of the application of the compounds of interest, climatic monitoring, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57625.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">irrigation practices;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:57653.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57653.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Documentation of all sampling and sample analyses activities;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:57681.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57681.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Results of all chemical analyses and discussion of findings.  Individual results should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57696.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reported.  Results should not be averaged over samples or time; and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:57816.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:58523.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">75</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:57903.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:57903.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Documentation of quality assurance activities.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57931.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">These report elements are described in more detail in the following sections.  The submittal of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57946.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">additional information that may impact the interpretation of study results is encouraged.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:57986.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.31  Field Practices</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58006.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The agricultural practices conducted during the course of the study should be summarized in the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58020.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Final Report.  Information on the application methods, rates, and dates for the compounds of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58034.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">interest should be reported.  The results of climatic monitoring at each study site should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58049.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reported along with information on the irrigation methods used, and irrigation rates, dates, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58063.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">duration.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58089.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.32  Sampling Activities</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58109.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Information collected during each sampling episode should be reported, including</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:58137.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:58137.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Static water levels in monitoring wells and piezometers,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:58166.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:58166.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Weather conditions and field comments,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:58194.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:58194.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Tensiometer readings and the amount of suction used to collect lysimeter samples, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:58222.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:58222.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil moisture content at the time of sample collection.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58249.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.33  Analytical Results and Discussion of Findings</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58269.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The results of all chemical analyses should be presented.  Analytical results for all compounds of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58283.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">interest should be presented along with information on analytical detection limits that were</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58297.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">achieved.  The study findings should be summarized, and the significance of the findings with</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58311.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">respect to the demonstrated environmental fate of the test pesticide and degradates should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58325.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">discussed.  The use of graphics and/or computer models to illustrate this discussion is</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58339.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">encouraged.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58366.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.34  Quality Assurance</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58386.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Field studies should be conducted in compliance with good laboratory practices (GLPs) and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58400.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be properly documented.  For field activities, a description of the system for sample</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58414.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">numbering and/or identification should be presented</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58442.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">For laboratory operations, the following should be reported:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:58471.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:58471.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Identification of responsible party who acted as sample custodian,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:58608.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:59315.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">76</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:58681.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:58681.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Copies of laboratory sample custody logs consisting of serially numbered standard lab-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:58695.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">tracking report sheets, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:58723.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:58723.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Description of laboratory sample custody procedures for sample handling, storage, and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:111.00pt;top:58738.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">dispersion for analysis.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58778.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.4 ELECTRONIC DATA REPORTING GUIDELINES</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58809.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Data generated from PGW studies have proven valuable to OPP scientists and risk managers in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58823.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">better understanding the potential for a pesticide to: (1) impact ground water quality, (2)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58838.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">contaminate drinking water, and (3) reach ecologically important surface water systems, when</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58852.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">used in accordance with label directions.  As part of an effort to update the Agency guidance for</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58866.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the PGW studies OPP has developed specific guidance for data submissions to improve the</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58880.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reliability, completeness, transparency, and consistency in the PGW reports and facilitate further</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58894.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">use of these data for complete assessments of exposure to pesticides through ground water (</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">!"#"</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58908.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">using leaching models to explore the potential for the pesticide of interest to leach under a variety</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58923.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of conditions).  Specific requirements on the submission of electronic data are a matter that will</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58937.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">be addressed for each study by EPA when Prospective Ground-Water study candidate site</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58951.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">information is submitted to the Agency for approval.  In general though, submission of this data</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58965.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">electronically is likely to be requested and will help the Agency not only in the specific</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58979.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">interpretation of the implications of the study results for the overall potential to impact ground</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:58993.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water of the test pesticide but also to develop higher tier models and continue the advancement of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59007.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide risk assessments.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59036.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The following guidelines have been developed to assist in reporting of PGW monitoring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59050.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">information in electronic format.  Listed below are eight major information fields which focus on</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59064.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">the key areas for prospective ground-water monitoring data collection and reporting.  These</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59078.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">major information fields are;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59107.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59107.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study area and conceptual site model;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59121.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59121.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application of pesticide and tracer;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59135.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59135.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">crop information;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59149.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59149.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soil properties;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59163.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59163.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ground water data;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59177.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59177.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">weather data;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59192.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59192.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">irrigation application and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59206.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59206.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">chemical monitoring results.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59234.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Each major information field lists specific data types and requested data formats which serve as</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59248.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">guidelines for submission of prospective ground-water monitoring study data.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:59400.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:60107.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">77</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59473.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.41  Study Area and Conceptual Site Model</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59493.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The following study area information is requested to provide background information as well as</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59507.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">to develop a study-site conceptual model.  The conceptual model should include graphs, charts,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59521.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">maps and data collected during site characterization.  Integration of site hydrogeology, surface</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59536.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">hydrology, and historical climatic data is acceptable.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59564.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Study Area Information</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59578.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59578.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Base map in GIS readable format (E.g., Arc shape files, *.dxf files, a format specifically</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59592.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">approved by EPA);</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59606.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59606.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">NRCS soil surveys;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59621.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59621.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Other historical information and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59635.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59635.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Site Characterization Data of Study Area.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59649.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59649.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sample locations identified and reported in consistent coordinate system format (GPS; x,y</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59663.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">coordinates; northing, easting; lat.,long.).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59677.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59677.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil cores (coordinates) see soil properties below for listing of data to be reported,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59691.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">unsaturated and saturated hydraulic conductivity measurements at a minimum of 6 locations</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59706.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(coordinates) and soil horizons with depth (bgs, ft) and soil water content measurements at</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59720.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">same 6 locations.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59734.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59734.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Piezometers - if not placed in soil core holes need coordinates, measuring point surveyed</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59748.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">with U.S.  Geodetic Vertical Datum, hydraulic head measurements, hydraulic conductivity</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59762.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(slug tests and/or pumping test results), potentiometric surface diagrams, background water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59776.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">quality data from upgradient well and influence of existing irrigation wells in the area on</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59790.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">subsurface hydraulics.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59817.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.42  Application of pesticide and tracer</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59837.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The following pesticide and tracer information is requested.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59865.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Pesticide information</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59879.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59879.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Chemical properties of test substance;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59893.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59893.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">molecular weight;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59908.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59908.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CAS number;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59922.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59922.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">formulation and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59936.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59936.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">verification of formulation (method and results).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59950.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59950.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Date(s) of pesticide application;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59964.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59964.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Incorporation depth;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59978.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59978.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">method of application;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:59993.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:59993.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">total amount applied;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60007.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60007.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">rate;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60021.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60021.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">area covered (coordinates of locations where pesticide applied and/or boundary where</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60035.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticide applied) and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60049.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60049.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soil monitoring results after application (field dissipation data).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60063.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60063.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Topographic map detailing results of all surface soil samples collected to confirm</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60078.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application rate of pesticide.  Determine if any hot spots of pesticides were detected post-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:60192.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:60899.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">78</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60265.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">application.  This may be used to determine if any detection of pesticides in monitoring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60279.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">wells, lysimeters, etc. can be correlated to a “hot spot” detected in surficial soil samples.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60293.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60293.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">If determined, any site-specific measurements of degradation or soil sorption should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60307.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reported</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60336.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Tracer information</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60350.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60350.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Chemical;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60364.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60364.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Formulation;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60378.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60378.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">locations where tracer applied (coordinates);</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60392.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60392.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">method of application;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60407.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60407.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">rate of application and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60421.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60421.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">total amount applied.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60447.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.43  Crop information</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60467.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The following crop information is requested (include this for the entire course of the study, not</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60481.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">just the year in which the pesticide is applied).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60510.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60510.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Type of crop;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60524.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60524.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">planting dates;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60538.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60538.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">emergence dates;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60552.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60552.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">harvest date;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60566.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60566.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">date when chemicals applied (pesticide, herbicide, fertilizer, etc.) and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60580.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60580.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">other relevant crop maintenance activities and crop growth / land cover information.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60607.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.44  Soil properties</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60627.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">All data need to be separately reported for each depth increment of each soil core analyzed.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60641.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Some soil characteristic data may have been collected as part of the site characterization testing</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60655.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of the study area.  If so, there is no need to repeat that information here.  Pesticide property data</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60669.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">essential for modeling of leaching of the test pesticide (K</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:346.30pt;top:60674.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">OC</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:360.35pt;top:60669.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and other measures of soil sorption</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60683.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and measures of soil degradation rate) for the specific test soil should be provided (along with</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60697.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">background data relevant to the determination of these properties) if specifically collected in</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60712.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">association with the prospective ground-water monitoring data in electronic format.  In cases</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60726.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">where pesticide property data are not specifically collected for the test soil, the extrapolated</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60740.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">property data should be submitted along with the methodology for their calculation and citations</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60754.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">for the studies these property data are derived from.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60782.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60782.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil core location (coordinates);</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60797.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60797.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Minimum depth of the soil sample;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60811.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60811.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Maximum depth of the soil sample;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60825.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60825.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">textural properties;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60839.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60839.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sand/silt/clay fractions (%);</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60853.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60853.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CEC, or AEC;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:60867.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:60867.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Mineralogy;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:60984.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:61691.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">79</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61057.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61057.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">bulk density (undisturbed);</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61071.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61071.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">K</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:102.25pt;top:61076.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">OC</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:116.30pt;top:61071.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of the pesticide in the test soil or extrapolated from data for other soils;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61085.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61085.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">K of the pesticide in the test soil or extrapolated from data for other soils;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:102.25pt;top:61090.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">d</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61099.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61099.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">K (Freundlich) adsorption constant of the pesticide in the test soil or extrapolated from data</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:102.25pt;top:61104.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">f</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61114.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">for other soils;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61128.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61128.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">degradation rate of the pesticide in the test soil or extrapolated from data for other soils,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61142.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">organic matter content;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61156.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61156.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">field capacity (1/3 bar);</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61170.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61170.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">1 bar soil water content;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61184.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61184.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">5 bar soil water content;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61199.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61199.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">wilting point (15 bar);</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61213.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61213.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">saturated hydraulic conductivity;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61227.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61227.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soil water content;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61241.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61241.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">matric potential;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61255.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61255.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Munsell color and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61269.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61269.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pH.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61296.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.45  Ground-water data</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61316.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Some of these data may have been collected as part of the site characterization of the study area.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61330.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">If so, there is no need to repeat that information here.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61358.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61358.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Well location (coordinates);</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61372.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61372.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">total depth of well;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61386.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61386.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">depth to water table;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61401.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61401.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">screened interval;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61415.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61415.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">background water chemistry;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61429.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61429.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">hydraulic head;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61443.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61443.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">flow;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61457.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61457.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">subsurface geology,;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61471.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61471.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">cross sections (descriptions, fence diagrams) and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61486.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61486.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">location (in 3-dimensions) of known aquitards.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61512.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.46  Weather data</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61532.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The following site-specific weather data collected during the PGW study is requested from a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61546.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">weather station located close to the test plot in an open, exposed area without trees;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61574.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61574.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">location of monitoring station (coordinates);</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61589.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61589.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">rainfall, daily time step or shorter;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61603.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61603.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pan evaporation;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61617.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61617.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">air temperature and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61631.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61631.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">soil temperature (including depth measured at).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:61776.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:62483.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">80</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61849.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">In addition, site-specific historical weather data for the previous 20-years (or as recent a 20+ year</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61863.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">period that is available) should be provided or referenced for analyses purposes.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61890.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.47  Irrigation input</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61909.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The following site-specific irrigation information is requested;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61938.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61938.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">irrigation method;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61952.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61952.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">irrigation application date (days after treatment (DAT));</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61966.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61966.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">rate and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:61980.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:61980.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">total amount applied.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62021.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7.48  Chemical monitoring results</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62041.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">The following chemical monitoring data for soil and ground water is requested.  All headings</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62055.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">should be clearly labeled and explanations provided in an accompanying text file for clarity.  See</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62069.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">attached template for example.  All analyses above the minimum detection limit should be</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62083.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reported as the nominal concentration.  If the nominal concentration of a sample is below a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62097.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Minimum Reporting Limit or Minimum Quantification Limit is applicable (whether calculated as</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62112.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">a uniform limit or on a sample-by-sample basis) this information should be captured in a separate</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62126.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">data field.  Specific data fields are;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62154.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:62154.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study identifier;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62168.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:62168.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">study type;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62182.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:62182.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">media sampled;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62196.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:62196.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">analytes (CAS numbers for parent compound and metabolites);</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62211.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:62211.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">sample location (coordinates);</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62225.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:62225.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">date of sample;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62239.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:62239.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">depth of sample;</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62253.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:62253.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">analytical result  (not averaged over samples or time) and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62267.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:62267.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">analytical QA/QC data (method description, method quantification limit, method reporting</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:62281.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">limit, sample quantification limit, data qualifiers).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62296.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">·</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:62296.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">At a minimum, provide analytical results for each monitoring well in x-y graph format so a</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:62310.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">trend in increase and/or decrease will be easily visualized.  Graph results for each monitoring</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:93.60pt;top:62324.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">well separately for entire sampling period (i.e. 24 months).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62352.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">All tabular data should be in either ASCII or MS Access format (or a format specifically</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62366.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">approved by EPA).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:62568.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:63275.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">81</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62653.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">CHAPTER 8.0 - REFERENCES</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62670.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Aller, L.T., T.W.  Bennett, G.  Hackett, R.J.  Petty, J.H.  Lehr, H.  Sedoris, D.M.  Nielsen and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62684.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">J.E.  Deene.  1990.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">-./01''2 '3 (4##!(*!0 %&.)*$)!( 3'& *5! 0!($#/ ./0 $/(*.66.*$'/ '3 #&'4/07</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62698.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">water monitoring wells</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  G+*%'#+, Q+*)& Q),, 911'0%+*%'#7  2;T,%#> 3B7  N7  SO@7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62727.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">American Water Works Association.  1984.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">:%%!/0$; <= :1./0'/9!/* '3 *!(* 5'6!(, %.&*$.66></FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62741.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">completed wells and completed wells</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  8*+#.+&. /'& Q+*)& Q),,17  9()&%0+# Q+*)& Q'&W1</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62755.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Association.  Denver, CO.  p 45-47.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62783.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ASTM Committee D-18 on Soil and Rock.  1994.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">:?@A (*./0.&0( '/ #&'4/0 8.*!& ./0 +.0'(!</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62798.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">zone investigations</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  <</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:178.70pt;top:62795.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">nd</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:189.60pt;top:62798.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ed.  ASTM.  Philadelphia, PA .  p.  432.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62826.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Barcelona, et al.  1985. Sampling </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">*41$/# !33!)*( '/ #&'4/0 8.*!& (.9%6!(</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  Analytical</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62840.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Chemistry, 57:  460-464.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62868.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Barcelona, M.J.  1989.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">C+!&+$!8 '3 *5! (.9%6$/# %&')!((</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  In: Keith, L.H.  (ed.).  Principles of</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62883.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">environmental sampling.  American Chemical Society.  Washington, DC.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62911.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Barth, D.S., B.J.  Mason, T.H.  Starks and K.  W.  Brown.  1989.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">?'$6 ?.9%6$/# D4.6$*></FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62925.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Assurance Guide</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  <</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:169.20pt;top:62923.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">nd</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:180.10pt;top:62925.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ed.  EPA 600/8-89/046.  USEPA.  EMSL-LV.  Las Vegas, NV.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62953.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Boulding, J.  R.  1996.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">?41(4&3.)! )5.&.)*!&$B.*$'/ ./0 9'/$*'&$/# *!)5/$F4!(= : 0!(2</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62967.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reference guide</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  2F9G" 4;T,%1Y%#57  6N,+#.7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:62996.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Burkart, M.R., S.L.  Oberle, M.J.  Hewitt, and J.  Pickus.  1994.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">: 3&.9!8'&2 3'& &!#$'/.6</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63010.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">agroecosystems characterizations using the National Resource Inventory</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  b7  "#$%&'#7  _;+,7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63024.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">23:866-874.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63052.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">California Agricultural Technology Institute. (1988) Irrigation systems and water application</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63067.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">efficiencies.  CATI Center for Irrigation Technology, publication 880104.  California:  California</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63081.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">State University, Fresno, pp. 6.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63109.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Cambardella, C.A., T.B.  Moorman, T.B.  Parkin, and D.L.  Karlen.  1994.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">I$!607().6!</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63123.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">variability of soil properties in Central Iowa soils</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  8'%, 80%7  8'07  9(7  b7  =@e!=?!E!=!!7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63152.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Carsetl, et al.  1997.  R. Carsel, J. Imhoff, P. Hummel, J. Cheplick and A. Donigan, </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">KHLA M"N</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63166.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Users Manual, National Exposure Research Lab</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">> 3//%0) '/ D)1)+&0Y +#. 2)$),'N()#*> 6787</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63180.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia (1997).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63208.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Cassel, D.K.  and A.  Klute.  1986.  Intake Rate: Cylinder Infiltrometer.  p.  825-844.  In: A.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63222.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Klute (ed.) </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A!*5'0( '3 ?'$6 :/.6>($(, K.&* N"  K5>($).6 ./0 A$/!&.6'#$).6 A!*5'0(</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  Agronomy</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63237.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Monograph No.  9 (2</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:173.40pt;top:63234.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">nd</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:184.30pt;top:63237.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ed.).  ASA, Madison, WI.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:63360.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:64067.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">82</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63447.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Decoursey, D.G., Rojas, K.W., Ahuja, L.R., 1989. </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">K'*!/*$.6( 3'& /'/7%'$/* ('4&)! #&'4/08.*!&</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63461.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">contamination analyzed using RZWQM</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7 4+N)& G'7 8Q@O<=[<> N&)1)#*). +* *Y) F#*)&#+*%'#+,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63475.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">American Society of Agricultural Engineers’ Winter Meeting, New Orleans, Louisiana.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63504.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Diaz-Diaz, R., J.E.  Garcia-Hernandez and K.  Loague.  1998.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Q!.)5$/# %'*!/*$.6( '3 3'4&</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63518.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pesticides used for bananas in the Canary Islands</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  b7  "#$%&'#7  _;+,7  <He=[<E=H<7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63546.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Dorrance, D.W., L.G.  Wilson, L.G.  Everett and  S.J.  Cullen.  1991.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">J'9%!/0$49 '3 $/ ($*4</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63560.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">pore-liquid samplers for vadose zone</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  F#e G+1Y> D7P7  +#. K)1,%)> 97D7  `).7a P&';#.]+*)&E</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63575.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">residue-sampling-design.  ACS Symposium Series 465.  American Chemical Society.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63589.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Washington, DC.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63617.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Driscoll, F.G.  1986.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">E&'4/08.*!& ./0 8!66(</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  2</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:305.30pt;top:63615.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">nd</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:316.20pt;top:63617.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ed.  Johnson Division.  St.  Paul, MN.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63645.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">DWR. (1983). The California Water Plan: projected use and available water supplies to 2010.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63660.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">California Department of Water Resources Bulletin, 160-83, pp. 268.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63688.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Everett, L.G., E.W.  Hoylman and L.G.  Wilson.  1983.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">S.0'(! B'/! 9'/$*'&$/# .* 5.B.&0'4(</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63702.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">waste sites. </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">"49 [??cLE@Sc?[U7  68"497  3D27  Q+1Y%#5*'#> 2A7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63730.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Everett, L.G. and L.G.  McMillion.  1985.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">C%!&.*$'/.6 &./#!( 3'& (4)*$'/ 6>($9!*!&(</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  Ground</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63744.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Water Monitoring Review.  5:51.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63773.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Everett, L.G., L.G.  Wilson and E.W.  Hoylman.  1984.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">S.0'(! L'/! A'/$*'&$/# 3'& 5.B.&0'4(</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63787.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">waste sites</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  G':)1 2+*+ A'&N'&+*%'#7  4+&W&%.5)> Gb7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63815.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Fetter, C.W.  1988.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">:%%6$!0 ->0&'#!'6'#></FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  2</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:294.10pt;top:63813.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">nd</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:305.05pt;top:63815.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ed.  Merrill Publishers.  Columbus, OH.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63844.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Focazio, M.J., Reilly, T.E., Rupert, M.G., and Helsel, D.R., 2002. </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">:((!(($/# E&'4/07R.*!&</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63858.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Vulnerability to Contamination: Providing Scientifically Defensible Information for Decision</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63872.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Makers</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7 6787 P)','5%0+, 8;&$): A%&0;,+& !<<U> SS N7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63900.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Freeze, R.A.  and J.  A.  Cherry.  1979.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">E&'4/08.*!&</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  Prentice-Hall.  Englewood Cliffs, NJ.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63929.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Gardner, W.  H.  1986.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">R.*!& )'/*!/*</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  p.  493-544.  In: A.  Klute (ed.) Methods of Soil</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63943.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Analysis, Part 1.  Physical and Mineralogical Methods.  Agronomy Monograph No.  9 (2</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:497.50pt;top:63941.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">nd</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:508.45pt;top:63943.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ed.).</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63957.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ASA, Madison, WI.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63985.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Gardner, W.  H.  1986.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">R.*!& K'*!/*$.6= @!/($'9!*&></FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  p.  563-596.  In: A.  Klute (ed.) Methods</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:63999.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">of Soil Analysis, Part 1.  Physical and Mineralogical Methods.  Agronomy Monograph No.  9</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64014.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(2</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:81.95pt;top:64011.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">nd</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:92.90pt;top:64014.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ed.).  ASA, Madison, WI.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:64152.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:64859.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">83</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64225.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Gibbons, R.  D.  1994.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">?*.*$(*$).6 9!*5'0( 3'& #&'4/078.*!& 9'/$*'&$/#</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  John Wiley & Sons.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64239.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">New York.  p.  286</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64267.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Hershfield, D.N.  1961.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">H.$/3.66 I&!F4!/)> :*6.( '3 *5! O/$*!0 ?*.*!(</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  U.S.  Weather Bureau</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64282.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Tech.  Paper 40.  Department of Commerce.  U.S.Govt.  Printing Office.  Washington, DC</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64310.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Hutson, J.L., and R.J. Wagenet. 1992. </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">QP:J-A= Q!.)5$/# P(*$9.*$'/ ./0 J5!9$(*&> A'0!6= :</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64324.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">process-based model of water and solute movement, transformation, plant uptake and chemical</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64338.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">reactions in the unsaturated zone. </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Q+*)& D)1';&0) F#1*%*;*)> A'&#),, 6#%$)&1%*:> F*Y+0+> GX7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64367.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ILSI. 1998. </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">:((!((9!/* '3 A!*5'0( *' P(*$9.*! K!(*$)$0! J'/)!/*&.*$'/( $/ T&$/2$/# R.*!&</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64381.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sources</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7 D)N'&* '/ + ]'&W5&';N '# 955&)5+*) "VN'1;&) 911)11()#*> F#*)&#+*%'#+, K%/) 80%)#0)</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64395.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Institute, Washington, DC.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64423.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Isensee et al., 1990. A.R. Isensee, R.G. Nash and C.S. Helling, </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">P33!)* '3 )'/+!/*$'/.6 +(" /'7</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64438.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">tillage on pesticide leaching to shallow groundwater</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7 b';&#+, '/ "#$%&'#()#*+, _;+,%*:7 </FONT></FONT><b><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A`</FONT></FONT></b></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64452.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(1990), pp. 434–440.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64480.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Israelson, O.W.  and V.E.  Hansen.  1962.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt"><&&$#.*$'/ K&$/)$%6!( ./0 K&.)*$)!(</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  J.  Wiley and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64494.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sons, Inc.  New York, NY.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64523.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Jensen, M.E.  et al.  1973.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">J'/(49%*$+! O(! '3 R.*!& ./0 <&&$#.*$'/ R.*!& H!F4$&!9!/*("</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64537.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Technical Committee on Irrigation Water Requirements of the Irrigation and Drainage Division</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:75.00pt;top:64551.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">American Society of Civil  Engineering.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64579.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Jury, W.A., W.R.  Gardner and W.H.  Gardner.  1991.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">?'$6 K5>($)(, U</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:407.75pt;top:64577.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">th</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:416.90pt;top:64579.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ed</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  b'Y# Q%,): +#.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64593.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sons.  New York.  p.  328.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64622.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Kellog, R.L., M.S.  Maizel, and D.W.  Goss.  1992.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">:#&$)46*4&.6 J5!9$).6 O(! ./0 E&'4/0</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64636.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Water Quality: Where are the Potential Problem Areas? </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">8A8c"D8cA8D8 68297  Q+1Y%#5*'#></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64650.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">DC</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64678.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Klute et al.  1986.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A!*5'0( '3 ?'$6 :/.6>($(, K.&* N"  K5>($).6 ./0 A$/!&.6'#$).6 A!*5'0("</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64692.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Agronomy Monograph No.  9</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  <</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:228.60pt;top:64690.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">nd</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:239.50pt;top:64692.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ed.  ASA, Madison, WI.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64721.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Kolpin, D.W., M.R.  Burkhart, and E.  M.  Thurman.  1993.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">->0&'6'#$), 8.*!& F4.6$*>, ./0</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64735.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">land-use data for the reconnaissance of herbicides and nitrate in near-surface aquifer of the</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64749.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">midcontinental United States. </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">6787  P)',7  8;&$7  3N)# -%,) D)N7> OSE!!U7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64777.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Leistra, M., A.M.A. van der Linden, J.J.T.I Boesten, A. Tiktak and F. van den Berg. 2001.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64792.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">PEARL model for pesticide behaviour and emissions in soil-plant systems. Description of</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:64806.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">processes. </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">9,*)&&+ &)N'&* !S> DFIJ &)N'&* H!!U?!??O> 9,*)&&+> Q+5)#%#5)#> !?H NN7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:64944.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:65651.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">84</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65017.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Litaor, M.I.  1988.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">H!+$!8 '3 ('64*$'/ (.9%6!&(</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  Water Resour.  Res.  24:727-733.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65045.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Mason, B.J.  1983.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">K&!%.&.*$'/ '3 ('$6 (.9%6$/# %&'*')'6= *!)5/$F4!( ./0 (*&.*!#$!(</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  EPA</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65059.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">600/4-83-020.  USEPA.  EMSL-LV.  Las Vegas, NV.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65088.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">McLay, C.D., K.C.  Cameron, and R.G.  McLaren.  1991.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">P33!)* '3 *$9! '3 .%%6$).*$'/ ./0</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65102.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">continuity of rainfall on leaching of surface applied nutrients</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  9;1*7  b7  8'%, D)17  <Oe!EO7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65130.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Mehnert, E., S.C.  Schock, M.L.  Marnhardt, M.E.  Caughey, S.F.J.  Chou, W.S.  Dey, and G.B.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65144.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Dreher.  1995.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">@5! '))4&&!/)! '3 .#&$)46*4&.6 )5!9$).6( $/ <66$/'$(X &4&.6 %&$+.*! 8!66(= H!(46*(</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65159.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">from the pilot study</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  P&';#. Q+*)& J'#%*7  D)(7  !=e!U<E!UO7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65187.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Mickam, J.T., R.  Bellandi and E.C.  Tifft, Jr.  1989.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">PF4$%9!/* 0!)'/*.9$/.*$'/ %&')!04&!( 3'&</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65201.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ground water and vadose zone monitoring programs: status and prospects</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  P&';#. Q+*)&</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65215.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Monitoring Review.  9:2.  p 100-121.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65244.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Morrison, R.D.  1983.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">E&'4/078.*!& 9'/$*'&$/# *!)5/'6'#></FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  Timco Manufacturing Co.  Prarie</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65258.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">du Sac, WI.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65286.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Nash, R. G. and A.  R.  Leslie.  1991.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">E&'4/08.*!& &!($04! (.9%6$/# 0!($#/</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  Washington:</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65300.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">American Chemical Society.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65328.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">National Ground Water Association.  1989.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">-./01''2 '3 (4##!(*!0 %&.)*$)!( 3'& *5! 0!($#/ ./0</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65343.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">installation of ground water monitoring wells. </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">G+*%'#+, P&';#. Q+*)& 911'07  Q)1*)&$%,,)> 3B7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65371.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Nielsen, D.M.  1991.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">K&.)*$).6 5./01''2 '3 #&'4/0 8.*!& 9'/$*'&$/#</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  Lewis Publishers.  Boca</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65385.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Raton, Fl.  p.  728</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65413.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Nielsen, D.M.  and A.I.  Johnson.  1990.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">E&'4/0 8.*!& ./0 +.0'(! B'/! 9'/$</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">toring.  ASTM</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65428.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">special technical publication 1053.  ASTM.  Philadelphia, PA.  p.  313</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65456.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Parizek, R.R.  and B.E.  Lane.  1970.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">?'$678.*!& (.9%6$/# 4($/# %./ ./0 0!!% %&!((4&! +.)449</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65470.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">lysimeters</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  b7  B:.&','5:7  !!e!7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65498.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Rawlins, S. L., and G. S. Campbell.  1986. </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">R.*!& %'*!/*$.6= @5!&9')'4%6! %(>)5&'9!*&>, $/</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65513.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Methods of Soil Analysis, part 1</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">> 4Y:1%0+, +#. J%#)&+,'5%0+, J)*Y'.1> 95&'#'(:> #'7 O> <#. ).7></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65527.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">edited by A. Klute, pp. 597–617, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65555.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">RCRA ground water monitoring: Draft technical guidance</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  P'$)&#()#* F#1*%*;*)1 F#0'&N'&+*).7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65583.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Schwab, G.O., R.K.  Frevert, T.W.  Edminster, and K.K.  Barnes.  1981.  Chapter 2.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65598.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Precipitation </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">`N517  !HEU@a7  8'%, +#. Q+*)& A'#1)&$+*%'# "#5%#))&%#57  b7  Q%,): +#. 8'#1> G)]</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65612.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">York, NY.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:65736.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:66443.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">85</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65823.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Shipitalo, M.J., W.H.  Edwards, W.A.  Dick, and L.B.  Owens.  1990.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt"></$*$.6 (*'&9( !33!)*( '/</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65837.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">macropore transport of surface-applied chemicals in no-till soil</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  8'%, 80%7  8'07  9(7  b7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65851.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">54:1530-1536.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65880.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Shirmohammadi, A.  1991.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">O(! '3 #&'4/0 %!/!*&.*$/# &.0.& *' $9%&'+! 8.*!& F4.6$*></FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65894.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">monitoring in the vadose zone</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  F#e R;#5> R7b787> b7  ^',,> b787  8),W)&> Q7-7  D%**)&> C787</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65908.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Steenhuis and T.J.  Gish(ed.).  Preferential flow: proceedings of the National Symposium.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65922.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Chicago, Illinois.  American Society of Agricultural Engineers.  St.  Joseph, MI.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65951.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sigua, G.C., A.R.  Isensee, and A.  M.  Sadeghi.  1995.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt"></364!/)! '3 &.$/3.66 $/*!/($*> ./0 )&'%</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65965.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">residue on leaching of atrazine through intact no-till soil cores</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  8'%, 80%7  !=[e<<=E<S<7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:65993.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Sigua, G.C., A.R.  Isensee, and A.  M.  Sadeghi.  1995.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt"></364!/)! '3 *$66.#!, ./*!)!0!/* 9'$(*4&!,</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66007.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">and rainfall timing on atrazine transport. </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Q)).7  80%7 USe!SUE!SO7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66036.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Smith, C.N., W.R. Payne,Jr., J.D. Pope,Jr., J.H. Winkie and R.S. Parrish. 1998. </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">: I$!60 ?*40> *'</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66050.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Compare Performance of Stainless Steel Research Monitoring Wells with Existing On-Farm</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66064.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Drinking Water Wells in Measuring Pesticide and Nitrate Concentrations</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7 6787 "#$%&'#()#*+,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66078.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Protection Agency, Athens, GA. Publication No. EPA/600/R-98/025.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66106.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Snyder, R.L., Hanson, B.R. and Coppock, R. (1986).  How farmers irrigate in California.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66120.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">University of California Division of Agriculture & Natural Resources, Leaflet 21414.  Oakland,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66135.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">California, pp. 6.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66163.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil Survey Division Staff.  1993.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">?'$6 ?4&+!> A./4.6</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  USDA.  Agricultural Handbook 18.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66177.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">U.S.  Government Print Office.  Washington, DC.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66205.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil Survey Staff.  1975.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">?'$6 @.;'/'9></FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  USDA.  Agricultural Handbook 436.  U.S.  Govt.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66220.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Print Office.  Washington, DC.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66248.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil Survey Staff.  1992.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Y!>( *' ?'$6 @.;'/'9>, U</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:318.60pt;top:66246.20pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">th</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:327.70pt;top:66248.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ed</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  8J88 C)0Y#%0+, J'#'5&+NY G'7  !O7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66262.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Pocahontas Press, Blacksburg, VA.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66290.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil Survey Staff, 1993.  Soil </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">?4&+!> A./4.6</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  U.S.  Dept.  Of Agric. Handbook No.  18.  U.S.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66305.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Govt.  Printing Office.  Washington, DC.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66333.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Soil Survey Staff.  1996.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">G.*$'/.6 ?'$6 ?4&+!> -./01''2</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  USDA Natural Resources</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66347.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Conservation Service, National Soil Survey Center.  Lincoln, NE</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66375.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Spurlock, F., Clayton, M. and Troiano, J. (2006).  Modeling herbicide movement to ground water</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66390.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">in irrigated sandy soils of the San Joaquin Valley, California.   Water, Air, and Soil Pollution</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66404.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">176:93-111.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:66528.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:67235.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">86</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66615.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Stannard, D.I.  1990.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">@!/($'9!*!&(Z*5!'&>, )'/(*&4)*$'/ ./0 4(!"  </= E&'4/0 R.*!& ./0 S.0'(!</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66629.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Zone Monitoring. </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">98CJ 8C4 !?=S7  N7  SUE=[7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66658.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Stephens, D.B.  1995.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">S.0'(! B'/! 5>0&'6'#></FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  CRC Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, FL.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66686.40pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Topp, G.C.  1993.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">?'$6 R.*!& J'/*!/*</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  p 541-557.  In: M.R.  Carter.  (ed.).  Soil Sampling and</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66700.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Methods of Analysis. Canadian Soc.  of Soil Sci.  Lewis Publishers.  Boca Raton, FL.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66728.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">United States Department of Agriculture.  1993.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">?'$6 (4&+!>  9./4.6</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  [Rev.  ed.].  Agriculture</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66743.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">handbook no. 18.  U.S.  Department of Agriculture.  Washington, D.C.  p.  437.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66771.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">USEPA.  1986a.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">K!&9$* #4$0./)! 9./4.6 '/ 4/(.*4&.*!0 B'/! 9'/$*'&$/# 3'& 5.B.&0'4( 8.(*!</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66785.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">land treatment units</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  "49 =S?E8QE@[E?U?7  "J8KEKI7  K+1 I)5+1> GI7  N7  !!!7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66813.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">USEPA. 1986b. </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">K!&9$* #4$0./)! 9./4.6 '/ 4/(.*4&.*!0 B'/! 9'/$*'&$/# 3'& 5.B.&0'4( 8.(*!</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66828.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">land treatment units</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  "49 =S?E8QE@[E?U?7  3//%0) '/ 8',%. Q+1*) +#. "()&5)#0: D)1N'#1)7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66842.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Washington, DC.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66870.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">USEPA.  1986c.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">HJH: #&'4/078.*!& 9'/$*'&$/# *!)5/$).6 !/3'&)!9!/* #4$0./)! 0')49!/*"</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66884.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">OSWER 99501.1</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  3//%0) '/ Q+1*) 4&'5&+(1 "#/'&0)()#*7  3//%0) '/ 8',%. Q+1*) +#.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66898.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Emergency Response.  Washington, DC.  p.  317.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66927.10pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">USEPA.  1990.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">E&'4/0 R.*!&"  S'649! N= E&'4/0 R.*!& ./0 J'/*.9$/.*$'/</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  EPA 6256-</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66941.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">90/016a.  USEPA.  ORD.  Cincinnati, OH.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66969.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">USEPA.  1992a.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">E6'((.&> '3 D4.6$*> :((4&./)! @!&9(</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  USEPA Quality Assurance</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:66983.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Management Staff.  Washington, DC.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67012.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">USEPA.  1992b.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">K!(*$)$0!( $/ E&'4/08.*!& T.*.1.(!</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">. Washington, DC.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67045.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">USEPA. 2005a. </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">G7A!*5>6 J.&1.9.*! K!(*$)$0! J4946.*$+! H$(2 :((!((9!/*= K$6'* J4946.*$+!</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67059.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Analysis, Session 3:  Drinking Water Exposure Assessment, February 15 – 18, 2007</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67073.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><u><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">h</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt"><a href="http://">ttp://</a></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">www.epa.gov/oscpmont/sap/meetings/2005/index.htm#feb22</FONT></FONT></u><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, accessed 11/28/2007.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67098.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">USEPA. 2005b. </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">K&!6$9$/.&> G7A!*5>6 J.&1.9.*! J4946.*$+! H$(2 :((!((9!/*, :4#4(* ]M 7 ]_,</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67112.15pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">2007 </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Y</FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt"><a href="http://">**Necc</a></FONT><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">]]]7)N+75'$c10%N',:c1+Nc())*%#51c<??=c%#.)V7Y*(g+;5;1*> +00)11). !!c<@c<??H7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67145.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">USEPA. 2007. Revised </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">G7A!*5>6 J.&1.9.*! J4946.*$+! H$(2 :((!((9!/*, ?!%*!91!& ]`, ][[^</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67159.65pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Docket Number:  EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0935, Document ID:  EPA-HQ-OPP-2007-0935-0003.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67173.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><u><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">h</FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt"><a href="http://">ttp://</a></FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="0000ff"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative/common_mech_groups.htm#carbamate</FONT></FONT></u><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">, accessed</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67188.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">11/28/2007.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="position:absolute;left:71.76pt;top:67320.00pt"> </SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:300.00pt;top:68027.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">87</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67393.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">United States Soil Conservation Service.  1994.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Y!>( *' ('$6 *.;'/'9>"  _</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:427.20pt;top:67391.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">th</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:436.30pt;top:67393.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ed</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  Q+1Y%#5*'#></FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67407.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">D.C.: U.S.  Dept.  of Agriculture.  Soil Conservation Service.  p.  524</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67435.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">United States Soil Management Support Services.  1990.  </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Y!>( *' ('$6 *.;'/'9>"  `</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:471.35pt;top:67433.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 7.92pt">th</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:480.50pt;top:67435.90pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">ed</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  8J88</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67450.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">technical monograph ; no.  19.  Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University,  Blacksburg,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67464.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">VA.  p.  422.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67492.55pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Walton, W.C.  1987.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">E&'4/0 R.*!& K49%$/# @!(* T!($#/ ./0 :/.6>($(</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  National Water Well</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67506.70pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Association.  Dublin, OH.  p.  160.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67535.05pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Webster, R.  1985.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">D4./*$*.*$+! (%.*$.6 '3 ./.6>($( '3 ('$6 $/ *5! 3$!60</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.  Adv.  Soil Sci.  3:1-70.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67563.35pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Weintraub et al.  1989.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">?499.&> '3 (*.*! #&'4/0 8.*!& F4.6$*> 9'/$*'&$/# 8!66 &!#46.*$'/(</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67577.50pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Westerville: National Ground Water Assoc.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67605.85pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Weiss, L.L.  1962.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">: E!/!&.6 H!6.*$'/(5$% 1!*8!!/ 3&!F4!/)> ./0 04&.*$'/ '3 %&!)$%$*.*$'/</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67620.00pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Monthly Weather Rev.  87-88.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67648.30pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Wilson, L.G.  1990.  </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">A'/$*'&$/# $/ *5! +.0'(! B'/!= . &!+$!8 '3 *!)5/$).6 !6!9!/*( ./0 9!*5'0(</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:75.00pt;top:67662.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">EPA 600/7-80-134.  USEPA.  EMSL-LV.  Las Vegas, NV.  p.  168.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67690.80pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Wilson, Lorne G., L.G.  Everett, and S.J.  Cullen.  1994</FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">"  -./01''2 '3 S.0'(! L'/!</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67704.95pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Characterization and Monitoring</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7  K)]%1 4;T,%1Y)&17  ^'0+ D+*'#> -K7  N7  HS?7</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67733.25pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">Wilson, L.G., D.W. Dorrance, W.R. Bond, L.G. Everett, and S.J. Cullen. 1995. </FONT></FONT><i><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt"></ ($*4 %'&!7</FONT></FONT></i></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67747.45pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">liquid sampling in the vadose zone</FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">7 N7 UHHE=<!7 </FONT></FONT><FONT COLOR="000000"><i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">In </FONT></i><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">K7P7 Q%,1'#> K7P7 "$)&)**> +#. 87b7 A;,,)#</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67761.60pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">(ed.) Handbook of Vadose Zone Characterization and Monitoring. Lewis Publishers, Ann Arbor,</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
<SPAN STYLE="color:#000000;position:absolute;left:72.00pt;top:67775.75pt;z-index:3;"><FONT FACE ="Times New Roman" style = "font-size: 12.00pt"><FONT COLOR="000000"><FONT STYLE="font-size: 12.00pt">MI.</FONT></FONT></FONT></SPAN>
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