                                       
Testing of Certain High Production Volume Chemicals; Second Group of Chemicals
               (Final Exposure Findings Supporting Information)
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                          U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 
                                     Office of Pollution Prevention and Toxics 
                                   Economics, Exposure and Technology Division 
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                               
                                                                    August 2010
                               Table of Contents

PREFACE

1.0	Data Source Descriptions	3

2.0	Summary of HPV2 Chemicals and Findings	4



                                    Preface

	This findings document was prepared to support EPA's Proposed TSCA Section 4 Test Rule for Certain High Production Volume Chemicals; Second Group of Chemicals.  Prior to promulgating a test rule under section 4 of the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA), 15 U.S.C. §§2601 et seq, EPA is required to make certain findings identified in section 4(a) of TSCA relating to the chemical's risk and potential exposure, the sufficiency of data to allow EPA to determine the human health or environmental effects of the chemical, and the need to conduct testing.
 
	Under TSCA section 4(a)(1)(B), EPA must make the following findings to support a test rule based on concerns for exposure: (1) that a chemical substance is or will be produced in substantial quantities and that it enters or may reasonably be anticipated to enter the environment in substantial quantities and/or that there is or may be substantial and/or significant human exposure to such substance; (2) that there are insufficient data and experience upon which the effects of the manufacture, distribution in commerce, processing, use or disposal of such substance or mixture or of any combination of such activities on health or the environment can reasonably be determined or predicted; and (3) that testing of the substance or mixture with respect to such effects is necessary to develop such data.  The criteria and standards used by EPA for evaluating the terms "substantial production," "substantial release," and "substantial or significant human exposure" as used in TSCA section 4(a)(1)(B)(i) are explained in EPA's Final Statement of Policy; Criteria for Evaluating Substantial Production, Substantial Release, and Substantial or Significant Human Exposure set forth at 58 FR 28736 (May 14, 1993) (hereinafter referred to as the "B Policy").

	This document provides a detailed discussion of EPA's evaluation of each of the chemical substances identified in the proposed test rule to determine that preliminary TSCA section 4(a)(1)(B) findings concerning "substantial production," "substantial release," and "substantial or significant human exposure" can be made. 
Data Source Descriptions
TSCA Inventory Update Reporting Rule: In 1986, EPA promulgated the Inventory Update Reporting (IUR) regulations, under TSCA section 8(a), to facilitate the periodic updating of the TSCA Inventory database and to otherwise support activities associated with implementing TSCA. As originally promulgated, the IUR required chemical manufacturers (including importers) to report to EPA every 4 years the identity of chemical substances manufactured (including imported) annually in quantities of 10,000 pounds or more at each plant site they owned or controlled. In 2003 EPA adjusted the universe of chemicals and plant sites that are required to report, and the type of information reported. In 2005, EPA changed the reporting frequency to once every 5 years, revised the manner in which amounts of a chemical substance manufactured or imported must be reported, and changed the submission period for reporting after 2006.

To protect the claims of confidential business information (CBI) asserted by some IUR submitters on the amount of the chemical substance manufactured (including imported) at a specific site, all production volumes reported by IUR submitters (i.e., CBI and non-CBI) for each chemical are combined by EPA for an aggregate total.  Confidential business information claims are further protected by using eight ranges to identify the total for any specific chemical and then making available to the public the range that corresponds to the aggregate production volume. Publicly-available information from the 1986, 1990, 1994, 1998, and 2002 (and 2006) IUR reporting cycles are available on-line at: http://www.epa.gov/oppt/iur/index.htm

The Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) contains information about releases of certain chemicals and management of wastes at a wide variety of sources, including manufacturing operations, certain service businesses, and federal facilities.  Publicly-available information from the 2005 TRI reporting cycle is available on-line at: http://www.epa.gov/triexplorer/

The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted the National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES) that collected data on potential occupational exposures to chemical, physical, and biological agents from 1981 to 1983.  The survey involved on-site visits to 4,490 establishments in 522 industry types employing approximately 1,800,000 workers in 377 occupational categories.  Publicly-available information from the NOES is available on-line at: http://www.cdc.gov/noes/default.html

The National Library of Medicine Household Products Database provides information on the chemical ingredients and their percentage in specific brands of household products.  Information in the database is from a variety of publicly available sources including brand-specific labels and Material Safety Data Sheets when available from manufacturers and manufacturers' web sites.  Publicly-available information from the database is available on-line at: http://householdproducts.nlm.nih.gov/

Summary of HPV2 Chemicals and Findings
	Table 2-1 below presents a summary of the high production volume (HPV) chemicals and data collected to support an exposure-based finding. Table 2-2 presents a chemical-by-chemical explanation of the supporting findings information.

Table 2-1
Summary of Data Searched for Exposure Based Findings

CAS#
Chemical Name


IUR Number of Workers Information 
NOES
NLM Household Chemicals Database
     2005 TRI Data(Total On- and Off-site Disposal or Other Releases, lbs)
                          2006 IUR Production Volume
                                 [Million lbs]

Meet Exposure Based Criteria
For Workers
                  Meet Exposure Based Criteria for Consumers
                                       
                   Meet Exposure Based Criteria for Release
                 Non-CBI Commercial/ Consumer Code Description
                                    75-07-0
                                       
                                 Acetaldehyde
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                       
                                    216,533
                                       
                3 hobby/craft glues; 1 home maintenance product
                                       
                                  13,567,452
                                       
                                > 100 - 500
                                       
                                      Yes
                                       
                                      Yes
                                       
                                       
                                      Yes

                                    78-11-5
1,3-Propanediol, 2,2-bis[(nitrooxy)methyl]-, dinitrate (ester)
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                     2,650
                                      no
 
                                       
                                 > 1   - 10
                                      Yes
                                      Yes

C20 - Other
                                    84-65-1
9,10-Anthracenedione
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                     6,187
                                      no
 
                                 > 10 - 50
                                      Yes
                                      Yes

C13-Paper Products
                                    89-32-7
1H,3H-Benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']difuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                     1,926
                                      no
 
                                       
                                 > 1   - 10
                                      Yes
                                       


                                   110-44-1
2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                    69,243
                        yes, 13 personal care products
 
                                       
                                 > 1   - 10
                                      Yes
                                      Yes

C16-Rubber & Plastic Products, C20-Other
                                   118-82-1
Phenol, 4,4'-methylenebis[2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                    120,009
                                      no
 
                                       
                                       
                                 > 1   - 10
                                      Yes
                                      Yes

C10-Lubricants, Greases & Fuel Additives
                                   119-61-9
                             Methanone, diphenyl-
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                    41,516
                   5 personal care products; 1 auto product
 
                                       
                                       
                                 > 1   - 10
                                      Yes
                                      Yes

C05-Electtrical & Electronic Products, C12-Paints & Coatings,C13-Paper Products, C20 - Other
                                   144-62-7
                               Ethanedioic acid
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                    142,000
4 auto products; 1 brass polish; 1 cleanser; 2 wood brighteners; 1 bathroom cleanser
 
                                       
                                       
                                 > 1   - 10
                                      Yes
                                      Yes


     Yes
C06-Fabrics, Textiles, & Apparel, C07-Glass & Ceramic Products,C13-Paper Products, C15-Polishes & Sanitation Goods, C17-Soaps & Detergents, C20-Other
                                   149-44-0
Methanesulfunic acid, hydroxyl-, monosodium salt
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                    239,465
                                      no

                                       
                                 > 1   - 10
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
                                       
C01-Adhesives & Sealants, C16-Rubber & Plastics Goods
                                   2524-04-1
Phosphorochloridothioic acid, O,O-diethyl ester
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                     1,088
                                      no
 
                                       
                                 > 10 - 50
                                      Yes
                                       
                                       

                                   4719-04-4
1,3,5-Triazine-1,3,5(2H,4H,6H)-triethanol
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                    225,251
yes, 7 reported uses of Grotan BK (a disinfectant) in 4 laundry detergents, 1 dishwashing detergent, 1 all purpose cleaner, and 1 glass & surface cleaner
 
                                 > 10 - 50
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                      Yes
C20-Other
                                   6381-77-7
D-erythro-Hex-2-enonic acid, .gamma.-lactone, monosodium salt
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                    19,468
                                      no
 
                                       
                                       
                                 > 1   - 10
                                      Yes
                                       
                                       

                                  31138-65-5
D-gluco-Heptonic acid, monosodium salt, (2.xi.)-
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                    74,165
                                      no
 
                                       
                                 > 1   - 10
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
                                       
CBI
                                  66241-11-0
C.I. Leuco Sulphur Black 1
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                    38,555
                                      no
 
                                 > 1   - 10
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
                                       
C06-Fabrics, Textiles & Apparel
                                  68187-76-8
Castor oil, sulfated, sodium salt
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                    11,164
                                      no
 
                                       
                                 > 1   - 10
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
                                       
C17-Soaps & Detergents
                                  68187-84-8
Castor oil, oxidized
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                    36,381
1 auto product; 1 oil-based primer/sealer; 14 personal care products; 1 insect repellent
 
                                 > 1   - 10
                                      Yes
                                      Yes
                                       
C20-Other
                                  68479-98-1
Benzenediamine, ar,ar-diethyl-ar-methyl-
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                     4,121
                                      no
 
                                       
                                 > 10 - 50
                                      Yes
                                       
                                       

                                  68527-02-6
Alkenes, C12-24, chloro
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                    84,192
                                      no
 
                                 > 1   - 10
                                      Yes
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                  68647-60-9
Hydrocarbons, C>4
                                       
                                       
                                  > 1,000
                                     1,257
                                      no
 
                               > 1Billion lbs
                                      Yes
                                       
                                       
                                       

                                   Table 2-2
                 Chemical-by-Chemical Explanation of Findings 


                                     CAS#
                                 Chemical Name
                              Summary of Findings
                                    75-07-0
                                 Acetaldehyde
                                       
This chemical reports >1 million lb release to TRI.  The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on reported IUR data. This chemical exceeds 1,000 workers based on NOES data.   Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be very large based on the uses (hobby/craft glues; home maintenance product) cited in the NLM Household Chemicals Database.  It is expected that hobby or craft glues and home maintenance products will be widely used by consumers (including children) and hence, may likely exceed 10,000 people.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 500 million -1 billion lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 100 million  -  500 million lbs.
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (100 million -500 million lb)
- Substantial Release (Greater than 13.5  million lb reported to TRI)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data (217,000 workers) 
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.
                                    78-11-5
          1,3-Propanediol,2,2-bis[(nitrooxy)methyl],dinitrate (ester)
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 workers based on NOES data. Additionally, the IUR commercial/consumer product category C20-Other (chemicals contained in commercial and consumer products not elsewhere classified) was reported for this chemical. This indicates that this chemical is present in an unknown number of commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of exposures. Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure." The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered.  The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 million -10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million -10 million lbs. (All stated IUR  commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based NOES data 
  (2,650 workers)

                                    84-65-1
                             9,10-Anthracenedione
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers is likely to exceed 1,000 based on reported IUR data.   The number of potentially exposed total workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data.  Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be very large based on the reported IUR commercial/consumer product category for this chemical (C13  -  paper products). Chemicals reporting in this category are contained in commercial and consumer paper products. It is expected that paper products will be widely used by commercial workers and consumers (including children) and hence, may likely exceed 1,000 commercial workers and 10,000 consumers.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered.  The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 500 thousand  -  1 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 10 million  -  50 million lbs. (All stated IUR  commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (10 million -50 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based NOES data  (6,187 workers)
 - Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on  IUR commercial/consumer product category (C13) 
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.
                                    89-32-7
               1H,3H-Benzo[1,2-c:4,5-c']difuran-1,3,5,7-tetrone
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure." The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 million  -  10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million  -  10 million lbs.
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb) 
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based NOES data (1,926 workers).
                                   110-44-1
                         2,4-Hexadienoic acid, (E,E)-
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data.  Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be very large based on the uses cited in the NLM Household Chemicals Database (personal care products) and the reported IUR commercial/consumer product categories for this chemical (C16  -  rubber and plastic products and C20 - other). Chemicals reporting in these categories are contained in such products as tires, footwear, flooring, bottles, sporting equipment, games, and toys. It is expected that these products will be widely used by consumers (including children) and hence, may likely exceed 10,000 people.  Additionally, products such as tires and flooring are also used in a commercial setting, which may lead to exposures of >1,000 commercial workers.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered.  The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 million  -  10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million  -  10 million lbs. (All stated IUR  commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data  (69,243 workers)
- Total  workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on the IUR commercial/consumer product categories (C16 ) 
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.
                                   118-82-1
              Phenol,4,4'-methylenebis[2,6-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds1,000 based on NOES data. Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be very large based on the reported IUR commercial/consumer product category for this chemical (C10  -  lubricants, greases, & fuel additives).  Chemicals reporting in this category are contained in gasoline, kerosene, and distillate fuel oil after refining.  These are generally commercial or consumer additives to enhance performance or clean components of combustion devices.  It is expected that these products will be widely used by commercial workers and consumers and hence, may likely exceed 1,000 commercial workers and 10,000 consumers.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure." The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered.  The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 million  -  10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million  -  10 million lbs. (All stated IUR commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data  (120,009 workers)
- Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on  and the IUR commercial/consumer product category (C10)
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.
                                   119-61-9
                             Methanone, diphenyl-
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data.  Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be very large based on the uses cited in the NLM Household Chemicals Database (personal care products and auto products) and the reported IUR commercial/consumer product categories for this chemical (C05  -  electrical and electronic products, C12  -  paints and coatings, C13  -  paper products, and C20 - other). Chemicals reporting in these IUR product categories are contained in computers, office equipment, household appliances, electric lighting and wiring, video and audio recording and communication equipment; commercial and consumer paints (paste or ready-mix) including artists' paints, varnishes, lacquers, enamels and shellac, paint and varnish removers and cleaners and commercial and consumer paper products.  It is expected that these products will be widely used by commercial workers and consumers (including children) and hence, may likely exceed 1,000 commercial workers and 10,000 consumers.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered.  The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 million  -  10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million  -  10 million lbs. (All stated IUR  commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data  (41,516 workers)
- Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000  based on the IUR commercial/consumer product categories (C05, C12, C13 )
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.
                                   144-62-7
                               Ethanedioic acid
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers is likely to exceed 1,000 based on reported IUR data.  The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data. The number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be very large based on the uses cited in the NLM Household Chemicals Database (auto products, cleansers, wood brighteners, and polishes) and the reported IUR commercial/consumer product categories for this chemical (C06  -  fabrics, textiles, & apparel, C07  -  glass & ceramic products, C13  -  paper products, C15  -  polishes & sanitation goods, C17  -  soaps & detergents).  Additionally, the IUR commercial/consumer product category C20-Other (chemicals contained in commercial and consumer products not elsewhere classified) was reported for this chemical. This indicates that this chemical is present in an unknown number of commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of exposures. Chemicals reporting in these IUR product categories are contained in commercial and consumer products made of cotton, silk, wool, or manmade fibers; commercial and consumer glass and ceramic products; commercial and consumer paper products; furniture, metal, glass, and other polishes and cleaners; waxes and dressings for leather and other materials; household and industrial disinfectants and bleaches; liquid, granulated, caked, and flaked washing detergents and personal soaps; dishwashing compounds; presoaks and scouring compounds for commercial and consumer use; and sporting equipment, games and toys. It is expected that these products will be widely used by commercial workers and consumers (including children) and hence, may likely exceed 1,000 commercial workers and 10,000 consumers.   It is also expected that based on the nature of the C17 use that over 90 % of the soaps & detergent products that contain this chemical will be released into the environment (exceeding the significant release threshold of 10% of the production volume).  Based on this information, this chemical would likely meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure" and "substantial or significant release."  The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 million  -  10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million  -  10 million lbs. (All stated IUR  commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)
- Substantial Release based on IUR commercial/consumer product category (C17  -  soaps & detergents)
- Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on IUR data 
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data (142,000 workers) 
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.
                                   149-44-0
                Methanesulfunic acid, hydroxyl-monosodium salt
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data.  Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be very large based on the reported IUR commercial/consumer product categories for this chemical (C01  -  adhesives & sealants and C16  -  rubber and plastics goods).  Chemicals reporting in these product categories are contained in industrial and household adhesives; glues; caulking compounds; sealants; linoleum, tile, and rubber cements; tires; footwear; flooring; and bottles.  It is expected that these products will be widely used by commercial workers and consumers and hence, may likely exceed 1,000 commercial workers and 10,000 consumers.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered.  The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 million  -  10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million  -  10 million lbs. (All stated IUR  commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data (239,465 workers) 
- Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on  and the IUR commercial/consumer product categories (C01 and C16)
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.
                                   2524-04-1
                Phosphorochloridthioic acid, O,O-diethyl ester
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 10 million  -  50 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 10 million  -  50 million lbs.
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (10 million -50 million lb) 
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based NOES data (1,088 workers).
                                   4719-04-4
                   1,3,5-Triazine-1,3,5(2H,4H,6H)-triethanol
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers is likely to exceed 1,000 based on reported IUR data. The number of workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data. Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be very large based on the uses cited in the NLM Household Chemicals Database (laundry and dishwashing detergents; and all-purpose and surface cleaners). Additionally, the IUR commercial/consumer product category C20-Other (chemicals contained in commercial and consumer products not elsewhere classified) was reported for this chemical. This indicates that this chemical is present in an unknown number of commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of exposures. It is expected that these products will be widely used by consumers (including children) and hence, may likely exceed 10,000 people.  Additionally, products such as laundry detergents and all-purpose surface cleaners may be used by commercial enterprises that may lead to exposures of >1,000 commercial workers.   It is also expected that based on the nature of the laundry and dishwashing detergents use described in the NLM   Household Chemicals Database that over 90 % of the production volume of the soaps & detergent products that contain this chemical will be released into the environment (exceeding the significant release threshold of 10% of the production volume). Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure" and "significant or substantial release."  The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 million  -  10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 10 million  -  50 million lbs. (All stated IUR  commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (10 million -50 million lb)
- Substantial Release (Greater than 10% of production volume released)
- Total  workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on  NLM Household Chemicals Database information
 - Total workers exceeds 1,000 based on  NOES data (225,251 workers)
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.
                                   6381-77-7
         D-erythro-Hex-2-enonic acid,.gamma.-lactone, monosodium salt
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure." The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered.  The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 10 thousand  -  500 thousand lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million  -  10 million lbs.
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb) 
- Total workers exceeds 1,000 based NOES data (19,468 workers).
                                  31138-65-5
               D-gluco-Heptonic acid, monosodium salt, (2.xi.)-
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 million  -  10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million  -  10 million lbs.
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb) 
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based NOES data (74,165 workers).
                                  66241-11-0
                          C.I. Leuco Sulphur Black 1
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data.  Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be very large based on the reported IUR commercial/consumer product category for this chemical (C06  -  fabrics, textiles &apparel).  Chemicals reporting in this category are contained in commercial and consumer products made of cotton, silk, wool, or manmade fibers. It is expected that these products will be widely used by commercial workers and consumers (including children) and hence, may likely exceed 1,000 commercial workers and 10,000 consumers.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 million  -  10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million  -  10 million lbs. (All stated IUR  commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)
- Total  workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data (38,555 workers) 
- Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on  reported IUR commercial/consumer product category (C06  -  fabrics & textiles)  
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.
                                  68187-76-8
                       Castor oil, sulfated, sodium salt
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data. Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be very large based on the reported IUR commercial/consumer product category for this chemical (C17  -  soaps & detergents).  Chemicals reporting in this category are contained in liquid, granulated, caked, and flaked washing detergents and personal soaps; dishwashing compounds; and presoaks and scouring compounds for commercial and consumer use.  It is expected that these products will be widely used by commercial workers and consumers and hence, may likely exceed 1,000 commercial workers and 10,000 consumers.  The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered.  The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 1 million  -  10 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million  -  10 million lbs. (All stated IUR  commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)
- Total workers exceeding 1,000 based on NOES data (11164 workers) 
- Total workers potentially exceeding 1,000 based on  IUR commercial/consumer product category (C17 -  soaps & detergents) 
 - Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.
                                  68187-84-8
                             Castor oil, oxidized
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data.  Additionally, the number of potentially exposed consumers is estimated to be very large based on the uses cited in the NLM Household Chemicals Database (auto care products and personal care products).  Additionally, the IUR commercial/consumer product category C20-Other (chemicals contained in commercial and consumer products not elsewhere classified) was reported for this chemical. This indicates that this chemical is present in an unknown number of commercial and consumer products that may potentially have a high number of exposures. It is expected that these products will be widely used by consumers (including children) and hence, may likely exceed 10,000 people.  Additionally, products such as auto care products may be used by commercial enterprises that may lead to exposures of >1,000 commercial workers.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure." The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. There were no reports for this chemical for the 1986 IUR data collection. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 1 million  -  10 million lbs. (All stated IUR  commercial/consumer product categories are non-CBI)
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb)
-  Total workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data (36,381workers)
- Total workers potentially exceeds 1,000 based on NLM Household Chemicals Database information 
- Consumers potentially exceeding 10,000 people.
                                  68479-98-1
                   Benzenediamine, ar,ar-diethyl-ar-methyl-
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds1,000 based on NOES data.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered. The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 10 million  -  50 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is 10 million  -  50 million lbs.
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (10 million -50 million lb) 
- Total workers exceeds 1,000 based NOES data (4,121 workers).
                                  68527-02-6
                            Alkenes, C12-24, chloro
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 workers based on NOES data.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."   The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered.  There were no IUR reports for this chemical in 1986. The 2006 IUR production volume range for this chemical is 1 million -10 million lbs.
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (1 million -10 million lb) 
- Total workers exceeds 1,000 based NOES data (84,192 workers).
                                  68647-60-9
                             Hydrocarbons, C>4
                                       
The total number of potentially exposed workers exceeds 1,000 based on NOES data.  Based on this information, this chemical would meet the exposure based findings criteria of "substantial or significant human exposure."  The production volume data for the 2006 IUR data collection was compared to the production volume data for the 1986 IUR data collection for this chemical to see if the production volume stayed the same or increased, thereby indicating that the usage of these chemicals is no less than when NOES data were gathered.  The 1986 reported IUR production volume range was 100 million -500 million lbs. The 2006 IUR production volume range is > 1 billion lb.
      

This chemical met exposure based findings criteria based on:
- 2006 IUR Production Volume Range (>1billion lb)
- Total workers exceeds 1,000 based NOES data (1,257 workers).
                                       
