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    <TD width="100%"><B><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=3>Preventing 
      Lead Poisoning in Young Children</FONT></B> </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%" height=21>   </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD align=middle width="100%"><STRONG><I><FONT 
      face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>A STATEMENT BY THE CENTERS FOR DISEASE 
      CONTROL AND PREVENTION - OCTOBER 1991</FONT></I> 
      <P><I><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>William L. Roper, M.D., 
      M.P.H, Director</FONT></I></P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica 
      size=2><I>National Center for Environmental Health and Injury 
      Control</I><BR><I>Vernon N. Houk, M.D., Director</I></FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><I>Division of Environmental 
      Hazards and Health Effects</I><BR><I>Henry Falk, M.D., Director</I></FONT> 

      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><I>Lead Poisoning Prevention 
      Branch</I><BR><I>Sue Binder, M.D., Chief</I></FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND 
      HUMAN SERVICES</FONT></P>
      <P><B><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Public Health 
      Service</FONT></B></P>
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Centers for Disease Control 
      and Prevention</FONT></STRONG> </P></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%" height=20><B><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica 
      size=3> </FONT></B> </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=1>NOTE: Use of 
      trade names is for identification purposes only and does not constitute 
      endorsement by the public health service or by the department of health 
      and human services.</FONT> </TD></TR>
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    <TD width="100%">
      <HR>
    </TD></TR>
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    <TD width="100%" height=18><B><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica 
      size=3> </FONT></B> </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%" height=20><B><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica 
      size=3>Table of Contents:</FONT></B> </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%" height=18>  </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/contents.htm#Preface">Preface</A><BR><BR><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/contents.htm#Advisory Committee">Advisory 
      Committee On Childhood Lead Poisoning Prevention</A><BR> <BR><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/contents.htm#Conversion">Conversion 
      To Systeme International (SI) Units</A><BR> <BR><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter1.htm" 
      target=_self>Chapter 1. Introduction</A></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%">
      <UL>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter1.htm#Summary" 
        target=_self>Summary</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter1.htm#References" 
        target=_self>References</A></FONT> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter2.htm" 
      target=_self>Chapter 2. Background</A></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%">
      <UL type=disc>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter2.htm#Summary" 
        target=_self>Summary</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter2.htm#Effects of lead" 
        target=_self>Effects of lead on children and fetuses</A><O:P> 
        </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter2.htm#Absorption" 
        target=_self>Absorption of lead</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter2.htm#BLL In US" 
        target=_self>Blood lead levels in the united states</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter2.htm#References" 
        target=_self>References</A></FONT> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><SPAN 
      style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter3.htm" 
      target=_self>Chapter 3. Sources And Pathways Of Lead Exposure</A></SPAN> 
      </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%">
      <UL>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter3.htm#Introduction" 
        target=_self>Introduction</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter3.htm#Lead-Based Paint" 
        target=_self>Lead-based paint</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter3.htm#Soil and Dust" 
        target=_self>Soil and dust</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter3.htm#Drinking Water" 
        target=_self>Drinking water</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter3.htm#Occupation" 
        target=_self>Occupations and hobbies</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter3.htm#Airborne Lead" 
        target=_self>Airborne lead</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter3.htm#Food" 
        target=_self>Food<O:P></O:P> </A></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter3.htm#Other Sources" 
        target=_self>Other sources</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter3.htm#Sources Outside US" 
        target=_self>Sources of lead outside the united states</A><O:P> 
         </O:P></FONT><O:P> </O:P>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter3.htm#References" 
        target=_self><SPAN 
        style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">References</SPAN> 
        </A></FONT></LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><SPAN 
      style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter4.htm" 
      target=_self>Chapter 4. The Role Of The Pediatric Health-Care 
      Provider</A></SPAN> </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%">
      <UL>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter4.htm#Anticipatory Guidance" 
        target=_self>Anticipatory guidance<O:P> </O:P></A></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter4.htm#Screening" 
        target=_self>Screening for childhood lead poisoning</A><O:P> 
        </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter4.htm#Blood Lead Test" 
        target=_self>Doing appropriate diagnostic blood lead testing</A><O:P> 
        </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter4.htm#Interpretation" 
        target=_self>Interpretation of blood lead levels</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter4.htm#Educating Parents" 
        target=_self>Educating parents about reducing blood lead levels</A><O:P> 
        </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter4.htm#Coordinate" 
        target=_self>Coordinating with public sector officials</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><SPAN 
        style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter4.htm#Follow-Up" 
        target=_self>Appropriate follow-up</A></SPAN></FONT> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><SPAN 
      style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter5.htm" 
      target=_self>Chapter 5. The Role Of State And Local Public 
      Agencies</A></SPAN> </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%">
      <UL>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter5.htm#Public Health Agencies" 
        target=_self>Public health agencies</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter5.htm#Housing Agencies" 
        target=_self>Housing Agencies</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter5.htm#Environmental Agencies" 
        target=_self>Environmental Agencies</A></FONT> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><SPAN 
      style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter6.htm" 
      target=_self>Chapter 6. Screening</A></SPAN> </FONT></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%">
      <UL>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter6.htm#Summary" 
        target=_self>Summary</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter6.htm#Priorities" 
        target=_self>Suggested priorities for screening</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter6.htm#Screening Method" 
        target=_self>Screening method</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter6.htm#Guidance and risk" 
        target=_self>Anticipatory guidance and assessing risk</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter6.htm#Screening Schedule 1" 
        target=_self>Screening schedule</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter6.htm#Classification" 
        target=_self>Classification on the basis of screening test 
        results</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter6.htm#Measurement of BLL" 
        target=_self>Measurement of blood lead levels</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter6.htm#Ep" 
        target=_self>Erythrocyte protoporphyrin (ep)</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: list .5in"><SPAN 
        style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter6.htm#References" 
        target=_self>References</A></FONT></SPAN> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter7.htm" 
      target=_self><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><SPAN 
      style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">Chapter 
      7. Diagnostic Evaluation And Medical Management Of Children With Blood 
      Lead Level </SPAN></FONT><FONT face=Verdana size=2><SPAN 
      style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA">≥ 
      20 µg/dL</SPAN></FONT></A></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%">
      <UL>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter7.htm#Summary" 
        target=_self>Summary</O:P> </A></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter7.htm#Symptoms" 
        target=_self>Symptoms of lead poisoning</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter7.htm#Evaluation" 
        target=_self>Evaluation of the child with a blood lead level > or = 
        20 </A><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/contents.htm#Treatment guidelines">µ</A><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter7.htm#Evaluation" 
        target=_self>g/dl<O:P> </O:P></A></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter7.htm#Pharmacology" 
        target=_self>Pharmacology of chelating agents</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter7.htm#Bal" 
        target=_self>Bal</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter7.htm#Cana2edta" 
        target=_self>CaNa<SUB>2</SUB>E<O:P>DTA </O:P></A></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter7.htm#Treatment guidelines" 
        target=_self>Treatment guidelines for children with blood lead levels 
        > or = 20 µg/dl</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter7.htm#follow-up" 
        target=_self>Post-chelation follow-up</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter7.htm#Research areas" 
        target=_self>Research areas and future trends in the management of 
        childhood lead poisoning</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: list .5in"><SPAN 
        style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter7.htm#References" 
        target=_self>References</A></FONT></SPAN> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><SPAN 
      style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter8.htm" 
      target=_self>Chapter 8. Management Of Lead Hazards In The Environment Of 
      The Individual Child</A></SPAN></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%">
      <UL>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter8.htm#Summary" 
        target=_self>Summary</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter8.htm#case management" 
        target=_self>Environmental case management</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter8.htm#Testing for and abating" 
        target=_self>Testing for and abating lead-based paint</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><SPAN 
        style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter8.htm#References" 
        target=_self>References</A></SPAN></FONT> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><SPAN 
      style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter9.htm" 
      target=_self>Chapter 9. Management Of Lead Hazards In The 
      Community</A></SPAN></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%">
      <UL>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter9.htm#Surveillance" 
        target=_self>Surveillance<O:P> </O:P></A></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter9.htm#Risk assessment" 
        target=_self>Risk assessment and integrated prevention planning</A><O:P> 
        </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter9.htm#Outreach and education" 
        target=_self>Outreach and education</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter9.htm#Infrastructure Development" 
        target=_self>Infrastructure development</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><SPAN 
        style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/chapter9.htm#Hazard Abatement" 
        target=_self>Hazard abatement</A></SPAN></FONT> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><SPAN 
      style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix1.htm" 
      target=_self>Appendix I. Capillary Sampling Protocol</A></SPAN></FONT> 
  </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%">
      <UL>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix1.htm#A" 
        target=_self>A. Needed materials</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix1.htm#B" 
        target=_self>B. Preparing for blood collection</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix1.htm#C" 
        target=_self>C. Preparing the finger for puncture</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix1.htm#D" 
        target=_self>D. Puncturing of the finger and forming drops of 
        blood</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix1.htm#E" 
        target=_self>E. Filling the collection container</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo9; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><SPAN 
        style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix1.htm#References" 
        target=_self>References</A></SPAN></FONT> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><SPAN 
      style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix2.htm" 
      target=_self>Appendix II. Summary For The Pediatric Health-Care 
      Provider</A></SPAN></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%">
      <UL>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix2.htm#Chapters 1 and 2" 
        target=_self>Chapters 1 and 2. Introduction and background</A><O:P> 
        </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix2.htm#Chapter 3" 
        target=_self>Chapter 3. Sources and pathways of lead exposure</A><O:P> 
        </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix2.htm#Chapter 4" 
        target=_self>Chapter 4. The role of the pediatric health-care 
        provider</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix2.htm#Chapter 5" 
        target=_self>Chapter 5. The role of state and local public 
        agencies</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix2.htm#Chapter 6" 
        target=_self>Chapter 6. Screening</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix2.htm#Chapter 7" 
        target=_self>Chapter 7. Diagnostic evaluation and medical management of 
        children with blood lead levels > or = 20 µg/dl</A><O:P> 
</O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix2.htm#BAL" 
        target=_self>BAL</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix2.htm#CaNA2EDTA" 
        target=_self>CaNa<SUB>2</SUB>EDTA</A></FONT> 
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix2.htm#Chapter 8" 
        target=_self>Chapter 8. Management of lead hazards in the environment of 
        the individual child</A><O:P> </O:P></FONT>
        <LI class=MsoNormal 
        style="mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-list: l8 level1 lfo10; tab-stops: list .5in"><FONT 
        face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><SPAN 
        style="mso-fareast-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-bidi-font-family: Times New Roman; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix2.htm#Chapter 9" 
        target=_self>Chapter 9. Management of lead hazards in the 
        community</A></SPAN></FONT> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/appendix2.htm#Contact" 
      target=_self>Point Of Contact For This Document</A></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2> </FONT> 
    </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/tables.htm" 
      target=_self>Tables</A></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%">
      <UL>
        <LI><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/tables.htm#Table 1-1" 
        target=_self>Table 1.1 - Interpretation</A></FONT> 
        <LI><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/tables.htm#Table 3-1" 
        target=_self>Table 3.1 - Industries</A></FONT> 
        <LI><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/tables.htm#Table 6-1" 
        target=_self>Table 6.1 - Priority</A></FONT> 
        <LI><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/tables.htm#Table 6-2" 
        target=_self>Table 6.2 - Assessing</A></FONT> 
        <LI><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/tables.htm#Table 6-3" 
        target=_self>Table 6.3 - Class</A></FONT> 
        <LI><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/tables.htm#Table 6-4" 
        target=_self>Table 6.4 - Suggested</A></FONT> 
        <LI><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/tables.htm#Table 7-1" 
        target=_self>Table 7.1 - Pharmacology</A></FONT> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/figures.htm" 
      target=_self>Figures</A></FONT> </TD></TR>
  <TR>
    <TD width="100%">
      <UL>
        <LI><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/figures.htm#Fig 2.1" 
        target=_self>Fig. 2.1 - Lowest</A></FONT> 
        <LI><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/figures.htm#fig 2.2" 
        target=_self>Fig. 2.2 - Blood</A></FONT> 
        <LI><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/figures.htm#Fig 2.3" 
        target=_self>Fig. 2.3 - Blood</A></FONT> 
        <LI><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/figures.htm#Fig 2.4 " 
        target=_self>Fig. 2.4 - Cumulative</A></FONT> 
        <LI><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/figures.htm#Fig 2.5" 
        target=_self>Fig. 2.5 - Change</A></FONT> 
        <LI><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><A 
        href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/figures.htm#Fig 6.1" 
        target=_self>Fig. 2.6 - Relationship</A></FONT> </LI></UL></TD></TR>
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    <TD vAlign=top width="100%"><A name=Preface><FONT 
      face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><B>Preface</B></FONT></A> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>This is the fourth revision 
      of the statement on Preventing Lead Poisoning in Young Children by the 
      Centers for Disease Control (CDC). The recommendations continued herein 
      are based mainly on the scientific data showing adverse effects of lead in 
      young children at increasingly lower blood lead levels. They are tempered, 
      however, by practical considerations, for example, of the numbers of 
      children echo would require follow up and the resources required to 
      prevent this disease. It is possible that further scientific data and 
      development of infrastructure and technology will result in a lowering of 
      the blood lead level at which interventions are recommended at a future 
      time.</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>This statement is a departure 
      from previous ones in several ways. Perhaps most important is the emphasis 
      on primary prevention and the need for coordination between pediatric 
      health-care providers and public agencies. This statement reflects the 
      vision expressed in the Department of Health and Human Services' Strategic 
      Plan for the Elimination of Childhood Lead Poisoning, which calls for a 
      concerted, coordinated society wide effort to eliminate this 
      disease.</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>In writing this statement, we 
      identified several areas where better data are needed in order to provide 
      scientifically sound guidance. These range from evaluating the efficacy of 
      chelation therapy at lower blood lead levels in terms of preventing the 
      adverse effects of lead to developing science-based criteria for 
      determining when an abated unit is cleaned up enough for rehabilitation. 
      We hope that the appropriate research to answer such questions will be 
      conducted in a timely manner, and we will continue to update the statement 
      to reflect current understanding.</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>We are aware of concerns 
      about the impact the changes in the statement will have on childhood lead 
      poisoning prevention programs, laboratories, and pediatric health-care 
      providers. In this new statement, we recognize the need for a transition 
      period until we are able to implement fully the new recommendations; it 
      will take time and a concerted effort to implement this new 
      guidance.</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>CDC is conducting several 
      activities which bear directly on the implementation of the statement. 
      First, as noted above, the Strategic Plan for the Elimination of Childhood 
      Lead Poisoning was released by Dr. Louis W. Sullivan, Secretary of the 
      Department of Health and Human Services, on February 21, 1991. In addition 
      to laying out the actions needed to eliminate childhood lead poisoning, 
      this plan describes the need for infrastructure and technology 
      development, including for the evaluation of blood and environmental lead 
      levels. Second, CDC is aggressively pursuing research and development 
      efforts in collaboration with several instrument manufacturers to develop 
      a field-rugged, relatively inexpensive, and simple-to-operate blood lead 
      instrument, which would markedly enhance blood lead screening efforts. 
      Initial results are encouraging, but the effort is still in the 
      developmental stage. If all goes well, new instrumentation could be ready 
      in 2 to 3 years. Third, we are continuing our efforts to help laboratories 
      improve the quality of their blood lead measurements through our 
      proficiency testing program and through our Blood Lead Laboratory 
      Reference System. Finally, CDC also has a grant program in childhood lead 
      poisoning prevention, through which state and local health agencies 
      receive Federal money to screen children for lead poisoning, ensure 
      environmental and medical follow up for poisoned children, and provide 
      education about lead poisoning. By the end of FY 1991, we will be funding 
      13 state and 2 city childhood lead poisoning prevention programs, and the 
      President's budget for 1992 includes almost a doubling of the FY 1991 
      budget. We continue to encourage CDC-funded programs to address 
      infrastructure issues.</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Other Federal agencies, like 
      the Environmental Protection Agency and the Department of Housing and 
      Urban Development, have also released plans that deal with aspects of the 
      childhood lead poisoning problem. These agencies are also working to build 
      the needed infrastructure for and expand the scientific knowledge on 
      reducing exposure to lead in the environment.</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>I wish to thank the members 
      of the Committee and consultants, as well as the numerous other people who 
      assisted in the development and revision of this document. I believe this 
      document will be a major landmark in the effort to eliminate childhood 
      lead poisoning from the United States.</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Vernon N. Houk, 
      M.D.<BR>Director<BR>National Center for Environmental Health and Injury 
      Control</FONT> </P></TD></TR>
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      href="http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/lead/publications/books/plpyc/contents.htm#top" 
      target=_self>Back to top</A></FONT> </TD></TR>
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    <TD vAlign=top width="100%"><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica 
      size=2><B><A name="Advisory Committee">ADVISORY COMMITTEE ON CHILDHOOD 
      LEAD POISONING PREVENTION</A></B></FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>MEMBERS AND 
CONSULTANTS</FONT>
      <P><U><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Chair</FONT></U>
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>John F. Rosen, M.D., 
      Attending Pediatrician, Montefiore Hospital and Medical Center, 111 East 
      20th Street, Bronx, New York 10467</FONT> 
      <P><U><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Executive 
      Secretary</FONT></U>
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Henry Falk, M..D., Director 
      Division of Environmental Hazards and Health Effects, National Center for 
      Environmental Health and Injury Control, Centers for Disease Control, 
      Atlanta, Georgia 30333</FONT> 
      <P><U><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Members</FONT></U>
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Evelyn S. Bouden, M.D. 
      ,Director ,Division of Maternal and Child Health, Pennsylvania Department 
      of Health, 725 H & W Building, Harrisburg, Pennsylvania 17108</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Beverly Coleman-Miller, M.D., 
      Special Assistant for Medical Affairs, Commission of Public Health, 1660 L 
      Street, N.W., Suite 1204, Washington, D.C. 20036</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Ronald L. Fletcher, M.D., 
      Co-Director, Oncology Department, Greene Memorial Hospital, 1141 N. Monroe 
      Drive, Xenia, Ohio 44385</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Lynn R. Goldman, M.D., Chief, 
      Environmental Epidemiology and Toxicology Section Department of Health 
      Services, 5900 Hollis Street, Suite E Emeryville, California 94608</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Dwala S. Griffin, 
      Administrator, Division of Preventive Medicine, Louisville-Jefferson 
      County Board of Health, 400 East Gray Street, Louisville, Kentucky 
      40202</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Richard J. Jackson, M.D., 
      Chief, Office of Environmental Health Hazards Assessment, California 
      Department of Health Services, 2151 Berkeley Way, Room 619, Berkeley, 
      California 4704-1071</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Rudolph E. Jackson, M.D., 
      Professor and Acting Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, Morehouse School 
      of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, S.W., Atlanta, Georgia 30310</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>James C. Keck, President, 
      Leadtec Services, Inc., 522 Beck Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21221</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Herbert L. Needleman, M.D., 
      Professor of Psychiatry, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, 
      University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Iroquois Building, Suite 305, 
      3600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213-2593</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Sergio Piomelli, M.D., 
      Director, Babies Hospital, 3959 Broadway, New York, New York 10032</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Stephanie L. Pollack, J.D., 
      Attorney, Conservation Law Foundation of New England, 3 Joy Street, 
      Boston, Massachusetts 02108-1497</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Knut Ringen, Dr.P.H., 
      Director, Laborers' National Health and Safety Fund, 905 16th Street, NW, 
      Washington, D.C. 20006</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Noel V. Stanton, Lead 
      Chemist, Toxicology Section, State Laboratory of Hygiene, 465 Henry Mall, 
      Madison, Wisconsin 53706</FONT> 
      <P><U><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Consultants</FONT></U>
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>David Bellinger, Ph.D., 
      Neuroepidemiology Unit Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, 
      Massachusetts 02115</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>James J. Chisolm, Jr., M.D., 
      Associate Professor, Francis Scott Key Medical Center, Building G. Room 
      224, 4940 Eastern Avenue, Baltimore, Maryland 21224</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Charles G. Copley, Deputy 
      Health Commissioner, City of Saint Louis, Department of Health and 
      Hospitals, Office of the Commissioner, 634 N. Grand, P. O. Box 147202, 
      Saint Louis, Missouri 63178</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Anita S. Curran, M.D., 
      Assistant Dean for Clinical Affairs, Robert Wood Johnson Medical Center, 
      University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, One Robert Wood 
      Johnson Place, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>John W. Graef, M.D., 
      Director, Lead/Toxicology Clinic, The Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood 
      Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115</FONT> 
      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Phillip J. Landrigan, M.D., 
      Director Division of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Mount Sinai 
      Medical Center, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, New York 10029</FONT> 

      <P><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>John R. Reigart, M.D., 
      Project Pediatrician, S. C. Childhood Lead Poisoning Project, Department 
      of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital, 171 Ashley Avenue, 6th Floor, 
      Charleston, South Carolina 29425</FONT> </P></TD></TR>
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      <P align=center><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2><B><A 
      name=Conversion>CONVERSION TO SYSTEME INTERNATIONAL (SI) 
      UNITS</A></B></FONT></P>
      <P align=center><B><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>Blood 
      Lead</FONT></B>
      <P align=center><FONT face=verdana,arial,helvetica size=2>1.0 µg/dL = 
      0.04826 umol/L      1.0  µg/dL = 20.72 
      µg/dL<BR> <BR>0 µg/dL = 0.      umol/L<BR>5 
      µg/dL = 0.241 umol/L<BR>10 µg/dL = 0.483 umol/L<BR>15 µg/dL = 0.724 
      umol/L<BR>20 µg/dL = 0.965 umol/L<BR>25 µg/dL = 1.206 umol/L<BR>30 µg/dL = 
      1.448 umol/L<BR>35 µg/dL = 1.689 umol/L<BR>40 µg/dL = 1.930 umol/L<BR>45 
      µg/dL = 2.172 umol/L<BR>50 µg/dL = 2.413 umol/L<BR>55 µg/dL = 2.654 
      umol/L<BR>60 µg/dL = 2.896 umol/L<BR>65 µg/dL = 3.137 umol/L<BR>70 µg/dL = 
      3.378 umol/L<BR><BR><B>Erythrocyte Protoporphyrin</B><BR><BR>1.0 µg/dL = 
      0.01778 umol/L   1.0 umol/L = 56.25 µg/dL<BR> <BR>28 
      µg/dL  = 0.498  umol/L<BR>35 µg/dL  = 0.622  
      umol/L<BR>70 µg/dL  = 1.245  umol/L</FONT> </P></TD></TR>
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