PAGE
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
William
C.
Herz
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
M
E
M
O
R
A
N
D
U
M
TO:
Product
Testing
Recipient
FROM:
William
C.
Herz,
Director,
Scientific
Programs
SUBJECT:
Potassium
Sulfate
Product
Testing
Dossier
DATE:
March
15,
2003
It
is
with
great
pleasure
that
The
Fertilizer
Institute
(
TFI)
announces
the
completion
and
distribution
of
the
final
product
testing
dossier
for
Potassium
Sulfate
(
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5).

As
you
are
aware,
TFI
sponsored
this
four
 
year
program
to
develop
and
summarize
screeninglevel
hazard
information
for
high
production
volume
(
HPV)
chemicals.
The
data
elements
generated
represent
a
broad
overview
of
human
health
and
ecological
parameters.
These
include
a
physical
­
chemical
characterization,
environmental
fate,
mammalian
toxicity
and
ecotoxicity.
A
health
and
environmental
safety
data
summary
dossier
was
prepared
for
each
of
the
23
materials.
It
summarizes
the
available
literature
data,
new
testing
data,
category
description
and
read
across
data
as
well
as
provides
a
conclusion
regarding
the
inherent
hazards
of
the
material.

Upon
receipt
of
this
data
a
90
calendar
day
regulatory
trigger
starts
within
which
you
must
update
your
material
safety
data
sheets
(
MS­
DS).
Upon
first
product
shipment
you
must
also
notify
your
distributors
and
employers
once
the
MS­
DS
has
been
updated.
These
regulatory
requirements
are
detailed
in
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
5)
and
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
6)(
i).
The
requirements
are
found
in
the
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration
"
Hazard
Communication
Standard"
(
29
CFR
1910.1200).

Please
note
that
by
receipt
of
this
data;
you
agree
not
to
distribute
or
sell
this
data
beyond
your
own
company.
PAGE
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LEFT
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HEALTH
&
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
DATA
SUMMARY
DOCUMENT
POTASSIUM
SULFATE
CAS
NO.
7778­
80­
5
Prepared
for:

THE
FERTILIZER
INSTITUTE
January
27,
2003
THE
WEINBERG
GROUP
INC.
1220
Nineteenth
St,
NW,
Suite
300
Washington,
DC
20036­
2400
e­
mail
science@
weinberggroup.
com
WASHINGTON
NEW
YORK
SAN
FRANCISCO
BRUSSELS
PARIS
PAGE
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW...................................................................................................
1
SIDS
DATA
PROFILE..........................................................................................................
7
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARY.....................................................................................................
8
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION....................................................................................
10
2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA..............................................................................
13
3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS.....................................................
16
4.
ECOTOXICITY.........................................................................................................
18
5.
TOXICITY.................................................................................................................
22
6.
REFERENCES
..........................................................................................................
28
APPENDICES
Appendix
A
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
Appendix
B
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
the
Salt
Compounds
Category:
Calcium
Sulfate,
Potassium
Chloride,
Potassium
Magnesium
Sulfate,
Potassium
Sulfate,
Potassium
Nitrate,
and
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
ACRONYMS
AND
ABBREVIATIONS
BCF
Bioconcentration
Factor
bw
Body
Weight
DAP
Diammonium
Phosphate
DOT
Department
of
Transportation
FDA
U.
S.
Food
and
Drug
Administration
g/
L
Grams
per
Liter
GLP
Good
Laboratory
Practices
GTSP
Granular
Triple
Super
Phosphate
g/
mL
Grams
per
Milliliter
HSDB
Hazardous
Substance
Data
Bank
IPCS
International
Programme
for
Chemical
Safety
KNO3
Potassium
Nitrate
Koc
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
Kow
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
LC50
Median
Lethal
Concentration
LD50
Median
Lethal
Dose
LOAEL
Lowest
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
LOEC
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Concentration
LOEL
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Level
M
Molar
MAP
Monoammonium
Phosphate
mg/
kg
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
mg/
kg/
day
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
per
Day
mg/
L
Milligrams
per
Liter
MHb
Methyl
Hemoglobin
mm
Hg
Millimeters
of
Mercury
mmol/
L
Millimoles
per
Liter
NaNo3
Sodium
Nitrate
NFPA
National
Fire
Prevention
Association
(
NH4)
2NO3
Ammonium
Nitrate
NIOSH
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
NO3
Nitrate
NOAEL
No
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
NOEC
No
Observable
Effect
Concentration
NOEL
No
Observable
Effect
Level
OECD
Organisation
for
Economic
Co­
operation
and
Development
Pa
Pascal
ppm
Parts
per
Million
SCAS
Semi
Continuous
Activated
Sludge
SIDS
Screening
Information
Data
Set
SSP
Single
Super
Phosphate
TLm
Median
Toxicity
Level
TLV
Threshold
Limit
Value
TFI
The
Fertilizer
Institute
UAN
Urea
Ammonia
Nitrogen
1
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW
I.
Introduction
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
on
behalf
of
its
member
companies,
initiated
a
Product
Testing
Project
to
collect,
review,
summarize,
and
where
necessary
develop
additional
health
and
environmental
safety
data
for
23
of
its
high
production
volume
inorganic
fertilizer
materials.
These
data
and
summaries
provide
valuable
information
that
can
be
used
to
update
Material
Safety
Data
Sheets,
answer
customers'
questions,
and
support
product
stewardship
efforts.
The
chemical
industry
is
also
participating
in
a
voluntary
program
of
comparable
scope
for
high
production
volume
organic
chemicals.
1
The
23
fertilizer
materials
were
divided
into
five
categories
(
i.
e.,
ammonia
compounds,
nitrate
compounds,
phosphate
compounds,
salts
and
acids)
based
on
their
primary
constituents
as
shown
in
Table
1.
The
use
of
categories
is
a
recognized
and
accepted
method
that
allows
health
and
environmental
safety
data
from
one
chemical
in
the
category
to
be
used
to
represent
one
or
more
other
related
chemicals
in
the
category
(
USEPA
1999).
The
key
is
to
find
similar,
or
at
least
predictable,
patterns
and
trends
among
the
chemicals
in
a
category.
In
this
way,
data
can
be
pooled,
resources
are
optimized,
and
fewer
animals
are
used
in
testing,
all
without
losing
the
ability
to
evaluate
the
hazards
and
safety
of
the
individual
chemicals.
Note
that
some
of
the
materials
fall
into
more
than
one
category
(
e.
g.,
diammonium
phosphate
[
DAP]
is
in
both
the
phosphate
and
ammonia
categories).

Searches
were
conducted
using
on­
line
databases,
standard
scientific
data
compendia,
and
other
published
sources
for
toxicity,
ecotoxicity,
environmental
fate,
and
physicalchemical
properties.
The
collected
data
were
reviewed
for
quality
and
acceptability
and
then
summarized
according
to
the
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development
(
OECD)
Screening
Information
Data
Set
(
SIDS)
dossier
format
(
OECD
1997).
The
OECD
countries
(
including
the
United
States)
have
agreed
on
a
set
of
tests
and
on
types
of
data
that
are
generally
necessary
to
characterize
the
chemical
behavior
and
potential
hazards
of
chemicals
released
into
the
environment.
The
OECD
SIDS
dossier
was
chosen
as
a
standard
format
for
the
TFI
Product
Testing
Project
in
order
that
it
would
be
scientifically
defensible,
broadly
applicable
and
easily
understandable
to
a
wide
range
of
stakeholders.

The
following
sections
of
this
Executive
Overview
provide:
the
rationale
for
development
of
the
Salts
Compounds
category
(
Section
II);
a
synopsis
of
the
available
data
related
to
the
physical­
chemical
properties,
environmental
fate,
ecotoxicity
and
toxicity
of
salts
(
Section
III);
and
a
conclusion
regarding
the
adequacy
of
the
data
to
sufficiently
characterize
the
category
and
the
need
for
additional
testing
(
Section
IV).

The
data
for
potassium
sulfate
are
summarized
in
the
Chemical
Profile
and
Data
Summary
tables.
Because
the
evaluation
of
data
adequacy
relies
on
a
category
approach,
the
Data
Summary
table
references
Appendix
B
when
data
are
available
for
one
or
more
1
HPV
Chemical
Challenge
Program;
USEPA
1999
(
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
opptintr/
chemrtk/
volchall.
htm)
2
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
of
the
other
materials
in
the
category
for
those
data
elements
where
no
data
specific
to
potassium
sulfate
are
available.
Appendix
B
provides
a
summary
of
the
data
for
all
of
the
salts
compounds
in
the
category.
The
individual
studies
for
potassium
sulfate
itself
are
presented
in
subsequent
pages
of
this
document.
Separate
data
summary
documents
are
available
for
each
of
the
salts
compounds
in
the
category.

II.
Rationale
for
the
Salts
Compounds
Category
The
salts
compounds
category
for
fertilizer
materials
includes
calcium
sulfate,
potassium
chloride,
potassium
magnesium
sulfate,
potassium
sulfate,
potassium
nitrate,
and
potassium
sodium
nitrate.
Salts
are
grouped
together
primarily
because
of
their
similar
chemical
composition
and
physical­
chemical
properties,
including
their
propensity
to
dissociate
in
aquatic
systems.
The
compounds
have
similar
and
generally
predictable
patterns
of
behavior
in
the
environment
as
well
as
toxicological
properties.
The
toxicity
of
salts
can
vary
dependent
on
the
toxicity
of
the
individual
cations
and
anions,
although
the
available
data
indicate
that
salts
as
a
group
are
not
particularly
toxic.

III.
Summary
of
Data
Available
for
the
Salts
Compounds
Category
Detailed
data
summaries
for
potassium
sulfate
are
included
in
subsequent
sections
of
this
Health
and
Environmental
Safety
Data
Summary
Document
for
Potassium
Sulfate.
These
data
are
briefly
summarized
here.

Physical­
Chemical
Data
Sufficient
coverage
of
physical­
chemical
properties
exists
across
the
category,
with
the
exception
of
vapor
pressure
and
Kow.
However,
these
data
are
less
critical
for
understanding
the
behavior
of
inorganic
salts.
Melting
points
are
high,
ranging
from
334
to
over
1400
º
C.
Densities
are
in
the
range
of
about
2­
3
g/
mL.
Inorganic
salts
are
generally
highly
soluble
in
water,
with
values
ranging
from
2
to
357
g/
L
at
20­
25oC.
In
addition,
these
compounds
dissociate
and
exist
at
around
neutral
pHs
in
aqueous
solutions.

Environmental
Fate
and
Pathway
Specific
environmental
fate
and
transport
studies
are
rarely
conducted
for
these
specific
compounds.
This
is
because
salts
are
well­
known
to
dissociate
in
the
environment.
The
sulfur
and
nitrogen
cycles
are
well
understood,
and
the
available
data
for
calcium
sulfate
and
potassium
nitrate
support
this
understanding.
Similarly,
the
fate
and
behavior
of
the
cations
(
potassium,
magnesium,
calcium,
sodium)
are
equally
understood.
These
chemicals
are
neither
bioaccumulative
nor
persistent
in
the
environment.

Ecotoxicity
Substantial
data
are
available
to
describe
the
acute
toxicity
of
these
salts
to
fish,
Daphnia,
and
aquatic
plants.
Data
from
the
literature
indicate
LC50
values
ranging
from
about
680
3
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
to
over
3,500
mg/
L
for
fish,
337
to
over
1,970
mg/
L
for
Daphnia,
and
about
1,300
to
3,200
mg/
L
for
algae.
Additional,
acute
fish
studies
were
conducted
using
OECD
protocols
under
Good
Laboratory
Practice
(
GLP)
conditions
on
the
two
combinations
of
salts
(
potassium
magnesium
sulfate
and
potassium
sodium
nitrate).
Results
of
these
two
studies
demonstrated
no
observable
toxic
effects
at
the
highest
concentrations
tested.
Based
on
the
standard
Federal
Insecticide
Fungicide
and
Rodenticide
Act
(
FIFRA)
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
fish
and
Daphnia
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category
are
considered
practically
non­
toxic.

EC/
LC50
(
mg/
L)
Toxicity
Description
<
0.1
Very
Highly
Toxic
0.1­
1
Highly
Toxic
1­
10
Moderately
Toxic
10­
100
Slightly
Toxic
>
100
Practically
Non­
Toxic
Mammalian
Toxicity
Acute
toxicity
Acute
oral
toxicity
has
been
well
studied
in
the
discrete
compounds
of
the
category.
The
data
indicate
an
absence
of
acute
toxicity,
with
literature
LD50
values
ranging
from
about
1,500
to
over
6,600
mg/
kg
bw.
The
lack
of
significant
acute
toxicity
was
confirmed
in
studies
conducted
on
the
two
salt
combinations
(
potassium
magnesium
sulfate
and
potassium
sodium
nitrate),
which
were
tested
via
the
oral
exposure
route,
and
potassium
nitrate,
which
was
tested
via
dermal
exposure.
Results
of
these
studies
indicate
no
toxicity
at
the
highest
doses
tested
(
2,000
and
5,000
mg/
kg
bw
for
the
oral
and
dermal
routes,
respectively).
Similarly,
the
limited
dermal
irritation
data
indicate
an
absence
of
skin
irritation
and
toxicity.
Inhalation
data
are
not
available,
but
this
is
not
expected
to
be
a
significant
exposure
route
for
inorganic
salts.
Based
on
the
standard
FIFRA
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
mammals
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category
are
considered
to
be
of
low
to
very
low
toxicity
(
40
CFR
156.62).

Toxicity
Category
I
II
III
IV
Toxicity
Rating
High
Moderate
Low
Very
Low
Oral
LD50
 
50
mg/
kg
>
50­
500
mg/
kg
>
500­
5000
mg/
kg
>
5000
mg/
kg
Dermal
LC50
 
200
mg/
kg
>
200­
2000
mg/
kg
>
2000­
20,000
mg/
kg
>
20,000
mg/
kg
Inhalation
LC50
 
0.2
mg/
L
>
0.2­
2
mg/
L
>
2­
20
mg/
L
>
20
mg/
L
Genotoxicity
4
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Some
genotoxicity
data
were
available
in
the
literature,
with
potassium
chloride
showing
some
small
effects
in
older
studies
and
potassium
nitrate
testing
negative.
To
better
define
the
potential
for
mutagenicity
of
salts
in
the
category,
additional
bacterial
(
Ames
test)
and
non­
bacterial
(
chromosome
aberration)
in
vitro
genetic
toxicity
tests
were
conducted
on
potassium
sulfate
and
calcium
sulfate
under
GLP
conditions.
For
both
compounds,
results
were
negative
for
mutagenicity
in
the
Ames
test
and
chromosome
aberration
test.

Repeated
dose
and
developmental
toxicity
Data
from
the
literature
indicate
that
potassium
nitrate
was
tested
for
mammalian
reproductive,
developmental,
and
teratogenic
toxicity.
Minimal
effects
were
observed
at
relatively
high
doses.
Furthermore,
no
teratogenic
effects
were
observed
in
chick
eggs
injected
with
potassium
sulfate
in
a
non­
standard
study.
Additional
long­
term
studies
were
conducted
on
two
salts
compounds
because
the
repeated
dose
and
reproductive
data
are
sparse
for
the
category,
and
because
of
the
effects
noted
at
high
doses
in
the
potassium
nitrate
literature
data.
The
OECD
Guideline
422
combined
study,
which
provides
data
on
repeated
dose,
reproductive,
and
developmental
endpoints,
was
conducted
under
GLP
conditions
on
potassium
nitrate
and
potassium
sulfate.
Male
and
female
rats
were
given
oral
exposures
of
up
to
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
by
gavage
for
up
to
53
days.
No
adverse
effects
were
observed
on
any
of
the
general
toxicity
or
reproductive/
developmental
endpoints
for
either
potassium
nitrate
or
potassium
sulfate.
The
resulting
NOAELs
for
both
studies,
therefore,
are
1,500
mg/
kg/
day.

IV.
Conclusion
for
the
Salts
Compounds
Category
Substantial
data
are
available
for
the
critical
acute
aquatic
and
mammalian
toxicity
endpoints
for
the
salts
category.
Additional
studies
were
conducted
on
calcium
sulfate,
potassium
magnesium
sulfate,
potassium
sulfate,
potassium
nitrate,
and
potassium
sodium
nitrate
in
order
to
complete
the
database
for
key
endpoints.
Overall,
the
data
indicate
that
these
compounds
are
practically
non­
toxic
to
aquatic
organisms
and
of
low
to
very
low
toxicity
to
mammals.
Additional
testing
is
not
considered
necessary
to
characterize
the
hazards
of
these
chemicals.
5
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
TABLE
1:
CATEGORIES
FOR
PRODUCT
TESTING
PROJECT
CATEGORY
COMPOUND
CAS
NUMBER
Ammonia
Compounds
Anhydrous
ammonia
Aqua
ammonia
Ammonium
nitrate
Ammonium
sulfate
Ammonium
thiosulfate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
Ammonium
phosphate
sulfate
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Urea
7664­
41­
7
1336­
21­
6
6484­
52­
2
7783­
20­
2
7783­
18­
8
15978­
77­
5
12593­
60­
1
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
57­
13­
6
Nitrate
Compounds
Sodium
nitrate
Ammonium
nitrate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
7631­
99­
4
6484­
52­
2
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
15978­
77­
5
Phosphate
Compounds
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Liquid
polyphosphate
Single
superphosphate**
Granular
triple
superphosphate**
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
­­
8011­
76­
5
65996­
95­
4
Salts
Potassium
chloride
Potassium
magnesium
sulfate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Potassium
sulfate
Calcium
sulfate
7447­
40­
7
14168­
73­
1
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
7778­
80­
5
7778­
18­
9
Acids
Phosphoric
acid
Nitric
acid
Sulfuric
acid
7664­
38­
2
7697­
37­
2
7664­
93­
9
*
=
Nitrogen
solutions
are
represented
largely
by
Urea­
Ammonia­
Nitrogen
(
UAN;
15978­
77­
5)
**
=
Single
superphosphate
and
granular
triple
superphosphate
are
combined
into
a
single
dossier.
­­
=
No
CAS
number
readily
available
6
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
V.
REFERENCES
CITED
40
CFR
156.62.
Toxicity
Category.

OECD.
1997.
SIDS
Manual.
OECD
Secretariat,
3rd
Revision,
July
1997.

USEPA.
1999.
Development
of
Chemical
Categories
in
the
HPV
Challenge
Program.
www.
epa.
gove/
chemrtk/
catdoc29.
pdf.
7
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
SIDS
DATA
PROFILE
Date:
January
27,
2003
1.01
A.
CAS
No.
7778­
80­
5
1.01
C.
CHEMICAL
NAME
(
OECD
NAME)
Potassium
sulfate
1.01
D
CAS
DESCRIPTOR
Potassium
sulfate
1.01
G
STRUCTURAL
FORMULA
K2SO4
OTHER
CHEMICAL
IDENTITY
INFORMATION
Not
applicable
1.5
QUANTITY
Greater
than
1
million
tonnes
per
annum
1.7
USE
PATTERN
Fertilizer,
reagent
in
analytical
chemistry,
medicine,
food
additive
1.9
SOURCES
AND
LEVELS
OF
EXPOSURE
Low
human
exposure
is
expected
because
potassium
sulfate
is
manufactured
in
closed
systems.
Exposure
to
dusts
and
direct
contact
with
the
material
is
possible
during
fertilizer
applications.
ISSUES
FOR
DISCUSSION
The
data
for
potassium
sulfate
should
be
evaluated
in
combination
with
the
other
materials
in
the
salts
category.
8
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARY
Date:
January
27,
2003
POTASSIUM
SULFATE
(
CAS
NO.
7778­
80­
5)
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
1,069
°
C
2.2
Boiling
Point
1,689
°
C
2.3
Density
2.66
g/
mL
at
20oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
No
data
available
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
No
data
available
2.6A
Water
Solubility
1,110
g/
L
at
20
°
C
2.6B
pH
value
7
in
aqueous
solution
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Not
explosive
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Not
an
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:
Reduction
Potential
See
Appendix
B
results*
2.13A
Additional
data
See
text
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
See
Appendix
B
results*
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
See
Appendix
B
results*
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Stable
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,
Fugacity
Level
III
4.5
x
10­
9%
to
air
45.3%
to
water
54.6%
to
soil
0.0755%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
See
Appendix
B
results*
3.7
Bioaccumulation
No
data
available
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
Toxicity
to
Fish
Lepomis
macrochirus
96
hrs
LC50
=
3,550
mg/
L
Pimephales
promelas
96
hrs
LC50
=
680
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
48
hrs
EC50
=
720­
890
mg/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Scenedesmus
subspicatus
72
hrs
EC50
=
1,430­
2,900
mg/
L
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
See
Appendix
B
results*
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
See
Appendix
B
results*
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
See
Appendix
B
results*
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
No
data
available
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
See
text
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
Turkey
poults
21
days
NOEC
>
1,000
mg/
L
*
See
Appendix
B
results
for
data
on
other
chemicals
in
the
salts
category.
9
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
=
6,600
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Toxicity
No
data
available
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,
Other
Routes
Guinea
pig
Subcutaneous
LDLO
=
3,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/
Corrosion
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/
Corrosion
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Toxicity
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
OECD
471
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
OECD
473
Negative
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.7
Carcinogenicity
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
5.9
Developmental
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
Chicken
eggs
LD50
=
5.01
mg/
kg
5.10
Additional
Information
No
sensory
irritation
5.11
Human
Experience
Large
doses
can
induce
vomiting
if
swallowed
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
*
See
Appendix
B
results
for
data
on
other
chemicals
in
the
nitrate
category.
10
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION
1.01
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
A.
CAS
number
7778­
80­
5
B.
Name
(
IUPAC
name)
Potassium
sulfate
C.
Name
(
OECD
name)
Potassium
sulfate
D.
CAS
Descriptor
Not
applicable
E.
EINECS
Number
231­
915­
5
F.
Molecular
Formula
K2SO4
G.
Structural
Formula
K2SO4
SMILES:
KOS(=
O)(=
O)
OK
H.
Substance
Group
Not
applicable
I.
Substance
Remark
Not
applicable
J.
Molecular
Weight
174.3
1.02
OECD
INFORMATION
A.
Sponsor
Country
Not
applicable
(
would
be
US)

B.
Lead
Organization
Name
of
Lead
Organization:
Not
applicable
(
would
be
EPA)

C.
Name
of
Responder
Name:
Mr.
William
C.
Herz,
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
Address/
Phones:
The
Fertilizer
Institute
Union
Center
Plaza
820
First
Street,
NE,
Suite
430
Washington,
DC
20002
USA
Tel:
(
202)
962­
0490
Fax:
(
202)
962­
0577
11
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
1.1
GENERAL
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
A.
Type
of
Substance
element
[
];
inorganic
[
X];
natural
substance
[
];
organic
[
];
organometallic
[
];
petroleum
product
[
]

B.
Physical
State
(
at
20
°
C
and
1.013
hPa)

gaseous
[
];
liquid
[
];
solid
[
X]

C.
Purity
99.99%

1.2
SYNONYMS
Sulfuric
acid
dipotassium
salt
Dipotassium
sulfate
Potassium
sulphate
1.3
IMPURITIES
Remarks:
None
identified.

1.4
ADDITIVES
Remarks:
None
identified.

1.5
QUANTITY
Remarks:
Greater
than
1
million
tonnes
per
annum.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

1.6
LABELING
AND
CLASSIFICATION
Remarks:
No
specific
labeling.
12
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
1.7
USE
PATTERN
A.
General
Type
of
Use:
Category:

(
a)
main
Wide
dispersive
use
industrial
Agriculture
industry
use
Fertilizer
(
b)
main
Non
dispersive
use
industrial
Chemical
industry
use
Reagent
in
analytical
chemistry,
medicine,
food
additive,
powdered
fire
extinguishers,
lubricants,
dyes
Remarks:
The
primary
use
of
potassium
sulfate
is
as
a
fertilizer
and
it
is
the
second
largest
tonnage
potassium
compound
produced.
Reference:
1)
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Potassium
Sulfate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
2)
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publishers,
The
Netherlands.

B.
Uses
in
Consumer
Products
Remarks:
Limited
uses
in
consumer
products.
References:
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Potassium
Sulfate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

1.8
OCCUPATIONAL
EXPOSURE
LIMIT
VALUE
Exposure
limit
value
Type:
8
hour
time
weighted
average
Value:
15
mg/
m3
total
dust,
5
mg/
m3
respirable
dust
Remarks:
No
specific
limits.
Treat
as
inert
dust.
Reference:
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

1.9
SOURCES
OF
EXPOSURE
Remarks:
Potassium
sulfate
can
be
absorbed
into
the
body
by
inhalation
of
its
aerosol
and
by
ingestion,
although
significant
human
and
environmental
exposures
during
13
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
manufacture
are
unlikely
if
the
process
is
well
managed.
Engineering
controls
such
as
mechanical
ventilation,
process
or
personnel
enclosure,
control
of
process
conditions,
and
process
modifications
significantly
reduce
exposure.
Local
exhaust
(
ventilation)
control
as
close
to
the
point
of
generation
is
both
the
most
economical
and
safest
method
to
minimize
personnel
exposure
to
airborne
concentrations.
Personal
protective
equipment
includes
neoprene
or
nitrile
gloves,
dusk
masks
or
fume
hoods
as
appropriate,
chemical
safety
goggles,
and
impervious
apron,
sleeves
and
boots.
Field
exposure
to
workers
is
possible
when
handling
and
using
on
farms
as
a
fertilizer.
However,
fertilizers
are
applied
by
mechanical
spreaders,
which
reduces
contact
exposure.
Environmental
releases
are
controlled
at
the
manufacturing
plant.
Gaseous
emissions
are
low
due
to
use
of
scrubbers
and
liquid
effluent
is
recovered
as
much
as
possible.
Exposure
to
environmental
receptors
is
dependent
on
the
amount
used
as
fertilizer
on
fields,
the
climatic
conditions,
and
the
hydrological
conditions
of
the
area
of
application.

1.10
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
A.
Options
for
disposal
Remarks:
Potassium
sulfate
must
be
disposed
of
in
accordance
with
federal,
state
and
local
environmental
control
regulations.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
MELTING
POINT
Value:
1,069
°
C
Decomposition:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
Ambiguous
[
]
Sublimation:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
Ambiguous
[
]
Method:
Not
described.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
At
760
mm
Hg
References:
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
1996.
Merck
Index.
12th
ed.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.
14
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
2.2
BOILING
POINT
Value:
1,689
°
C
Pressure:
at
760
mm
Hg
Decomposition:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
Ambiguous
[
]
Method:
Not
described.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
References:
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
1996.
Merck
Index.
12th
ed.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.

2.3
DENSITY
(
Relative
Density)

Type:
Bulk
density
[
];
Density
[
X];
Relative
Density
[
]
Value:
2.66
g/
cm3
Temperature:
20
°
C
Method:
Not
described.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
References:
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
1996.
Merck
Index.
12th
ed.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.

2.4
VAPOR
PRESSURE
Remarks:
No
data
available.

2.5
PARTITION
COEFFICIENT
logPow
Remarks:
No
data
available.

2.6
WATER
SOLUBILITY
A.
Solubility
Value:
7.35
g/
100
g;
11.1
g/
100
g;
12.0g/
100g;
14.8
g/
100
g;
24.0
g/
100
g
Temperature:
0;
20;
25;
40;
100
°
C
Description:
Miscible
[
];
Of
very
high
solubility
[
X];
Of
high
solubility
[
];
Soluble
[
];
Slightly
soluble
[
]
Of
low
solubility
[
];
Of
very
low
solubility
[
];
Not
soluble
[
]
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Insoluble
in
alcohol.
Practically
insoluble
in
saturated
solution
of
sulfate
ammonium.
References:
1)
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
1996.
Merck
Index.
12th
ed.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.
15
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
2)
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

B.
pH
Value,
pKa
Value
pH
Value:
About
7
Concentration:
Aqueous
solution
Temperature:
25
°
C
Method:
Not
described.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
The
IUCLID
Data
Sheet
reports
that
a
50
g/
L
solution
at
20oC
has
a
pH
between
5.5­
7.5.
References:
1)
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
1996.
Merck
Index.
12th
ed.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.
2)
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

2.7
FLASH
POINT
(
liquids)

Remarks:
Not
applicable.

2.8
AUTO
FLAMMABILITY
(
solid/
gases)

Remarks:
Not
flammable.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

2.9
FLAMMABILITY
Remarks:
Not
flammable.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

2.10
EXPLOSIVE
PROPERTIES
Remarks:
Not
explosive.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.
16
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
2.11
OXIDIZING
PROPERTIES
Remarks:
No
oxidizing
properties.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

2.12
OXIDATION:
REDUCTION
POTENTIAL
Remarks:
No
oxidizing
properties.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

2.13
ADDITIONAL
DATA
Remarks:
When
heated
to
decomposition,
it
emits
toxic
fumes
of
K2O
and
SOx.
It
also
can
react
violently
with
aluminum
and
magnesium
at
high
temperatures.
References:
1)
Canadian
Center
for
Occupational
Health
&
Safety.
MSDS
Database.
1993.
2)
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.
3)
Lewis,
R.
J.
1992.
Sax's
Dangerous
Properties
of
Industrial
Materials
8th
ed.
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold,
NY.

3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS
3.1
STABILITY
3.1.1
PHOTODEGRADATION
Remarks:
No
data
available.

3.1.2
STABILITY
IN
WATER
Remarks:
No
data
available.

3.1.3
STABILITY
IN
SOIL
Remarks:
Potassium
and
sulfate
ions
are
stable
in
soil
17
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
3.2
MONITORING
DATA
(
ENVIRONMENTAL)

Remarks:
No
data
available.

3.3
TRANSPORT
AND
DISTRIBUTION
BETWEEN
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPARTMENTS
INCLUDING
ESTIMATED
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCENTRATIONS
AND
DISTRIBUTION
PATHWAYS
3.3.1
TRANSPORT
Remarks:
No
data
available.

3.3.2
THEORETICAL
DISTRIBUTION
(
FUGACITY
CALCULATION)

Method:
Fugacity
Level
III
(
Mackay
type)
Mass
Distribution
by
Environmental
Compartment:
Air
4.5
x
10­
9%
Water
45.3%
Soil
54.6%
Sediment
0.0755%

3.4
IDENTIFICATION
OF
MAIN
MODE
OF
DEGRADABILITY
IN
ACTUAL
USE
Remarks:
No
data
available.

3.5
BIODEGRADATION
Remarks:
No
data
available.

3.6
BOD5,
COD
OR
RATIO
BOD5/
COD
Remarks:
No
data
available.

3.7
BIOACCUMULATION
Remarks:
No
data
available.
18
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
4.
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
ACUTE/
PROLONGED
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
X];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Lepomis
macrochirus
(
bluegill)
Exposure
period:
96
hours
Results:
LC50
=
3,550
mg
K2SO4/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
X];
?
[
]
Method:
Five­
gallon
glass
jars
containing
20­
L
of
distilled
water
were
placed
in
a
constant
temperature
tank
(
20oC).
Ten
fish
were
placed
in
each
container
and
tests
were
run
in
duplicate
for
every
concentration.
Concentrations
ranged
from
2,400
to
5,600
mg
K2SO4/
L.
The
pH
for
the
various
concentrations
ranged
from
7.16
to
9.2.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Analytical
or
reagent
grade
potassium
sulfate
(
K2SO4).
Remarks:
No
fish
died
at
2,400
mg
K2SO4/
L.
At
2,800
mg
K2SO4/
L,
the
average
survival
rate
was
90%
at
96­
hours.
At
5,600
mg
K2SO4/
L
and
96­
h,
there
was
100%
mortality.
References:
Trama,
F.
B.
1954.
The
acute
toxicity
of
some
common
salts
of
sodium,
potassium
and
calcium
to
the
common
bluegill.
Proc.
Acad.
Nat.
Sci.
Piladelphia.
106:
185­
205.

(
b)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Pimephales
promelas
Exposure
Period:
96
hours
Results:
LC50
=
680
mg/
L
Method:
USEPA.
1991.
Test
temperature
was
25oC.
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Potassium
sulfate
(
K2SO4)
Reference:
Mount,
D.
R.,
Gulley,
D.
D.,
Hockett,
R.,
Garrison,
T.
D.,
and
Evans,
J.
M.
1997.
Statistical
models
to
predict
the
toxicity
of
major
ions
to
Ceriodaphnia
dubia,
Daphnia
magna
and
Pimephales
promelas
(
fathead
minnows).
Environ.
Toxicol.
Chem.
16:
2009­
2019.
19
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
4.2
ACUTE
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
A.
Daphnia
(
a)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Daphnia
magna
Exposure
period:
48­
hours
Results:
EC50
=
720
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
USEPA.
1991.
All
tests
were
conducted
in
30­
mL
plastic
beakers
containing
10
mL
of
test
solution
and
five
D.
magna.
Test
solutions
were
500,
1,000,
1,250,
1,500,
2,000,
2,500,
5000,
and
10,000
mg/
L.
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Potassium
sulfate
(
K2SO4)
References:
Mount,
D.
R.,
Gulley,
D.
D.,
Hockett,
R.,
Garrison,
T.
D.,
and
Evans,
J.
M.
1997.
Statistical
models
to
predict
the
toxicity
of
major
ions
to
Ceriodaphnia
dubia,
Daphnia
magna
and
Pimephales
promelas
(
fathead
minnows).
Environmental
Toxicology
and
Chemistry
16:
2009­
2019.

(
b)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
];
Open­
system
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Daphnia
magna
Exposure
period:
48­
hours
Results:
EC50
=
890
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
DIN
38412
Part
II
(
nearly
identical
to
150/
DIS
6341)
1992.
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Potassium
sulfate
(
K2SO4)
Remarks:
Endpoint
is
immobility
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

B.
Other
aquatic
organisms
Remarks:
No
data
available.
20
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
4.3
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
PLANTS,
e.
g.
algae
Species:
Scenedesmus
subspicatus
Endpoint:
Biomass
[
X];
Growth
rate
[
];
Other
[
]
Exposure
period:
72
hours
Results:
EC50
=
1430­
2900
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
DIN
38412
Part
33
 
Determination
of
the
nonpoisonous
effect
of
waste
water
to
green
algae
(
Scenedesmus
chlorophyll
fluorescence
test)
by
dilution
limits.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Potassium
sulfate
(
K2SO4)
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

4.4
TOXICITY
TO
BACTERIA
Remarks:
No
data
available.

4.5
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
ORGANISMS
4.5.1
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
Remarks:
No
data
available.

4.5.2
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
Remarks:
No
data
available.

4.6
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
ORGANISMS
4.6.1
TOXICITY
TO
SOIL
DWELLING
ORGANISMS
Remarks:
No
data
available.

4.6.2
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
PLANTS
Species:
Cotton
Method:
A
field
study
using
cotton
was
conducted
on
a
Lucy
loamy
sand
from
1993
to
1995.
Sources
of
applied
21
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
sulfur
were
ammonium
sulfate,
elemental
S,
potassium
sulfate,
potassium
magnesium
sulfate,
and
potassium
thiosulfate.
Rates
of
applied
S
were
0,
10,
20,
and
40
lb/
acre.
All
sources
at
each
rate
were
preplant
broadcast
applications.
All
treatments
received
total
annual
applications
of
90
lb
N/
acre,
60
lb
PO5/
acre,
and
140
lb
K2O/
acre.
Upper­
most
mature
cotton
leaves
were
collected
at
early
bloom
for
S
analysis.
Seed
cotton
yields
were
determined
at
maturity
by
machine
harvesting
the
two
center
rows
from
each
plot.
Fiber
properties
evaluated
included
micronaire,
length,
length
uniformity,
strength,
elongation,
trash
uniformity,
and
color.
Prior
to
testing,
soil
samples
were
taken
to
determine
background
levels
of
extractable
S.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?[
X]
Test
substance:
Potassium
sulfate
(
K2SO4)
Remarks:
Lint
yields
were
increased
by
the
rate
of
S,
but
were
not
affected
by
the
source
of
S,
the
time
of
S
application,
or
the
interaction
between
source
and
rate.
Applying
20
lb
S/
acre
increased
lint
yields
by
an
average
of
15
to
26%
depending
on
the
year.
A
linear
response
to
S
rate
in
1994
was
attributed
to
the
high
rainfall
received
in
July
and
a
probably
leaching
of
some
of
the
applied
S
in
this
sandy
soil.
The
quadratic
responses
observed
in
1993
and
1995
were
probably
attributed
to
drought
conditions.
Potassium
sulfate
produced
slightly
lower
yields
than
ammonium
sulfate
and
potassium
magnesium
sulfate.
In
1995,
fiber
length
was
increased
slightly
the
application
of
S.
Fiber
length
was
also
affected
by
the
interaction
between
source
and
rate,
but
there
were
no
consistent
differences
among
sources
across
rates.
Concentration
of
S
in
cotton
leaves
collected
at
mid­
bloom
increased
with
the
rate
of
applied
S
during
the
study.
In
1994
and
1995,
there
was
a
significant
interaction
between
rate
and
time
of
application
for
S
concentration
in
leaves.
Sulfur
applications
at
early
squaring
resulted
in
higher
S
concentrations
than
preplant
treatments.
References:
Mullins,
G.
L.
1998.
Cotton
response
to
the
rate
and
source
of
sulfur
on
a
sandy
coastal
plain
soil.
Journal
of
Production
Agriculture
11(
1):
214­
218.

4.6.3
TOXICITY
TO
OTHER
NON
MAMMALIAN
TERRESTRIAL
SPECIES
(
INCLUDING
AVIAN)

Species:
Nicholas
Large
White
turkey
poults
Endpoint:
Mortality
[
];
Reproduction
rate
[
];
Weight
[
X];
Other
[
X]
Exposure
period:
21
days
Results:
NOEC
>
1000
mg/
L
22
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Method:
Turkey
poults
were
fed
experimental
diets
from
0
to
21
days
of
age.
The
basal
diet
was
deficient
in
sulfur
amino
acids.
Treatments
included
no
supplemental
sulfate,
0.1%
(
1000
ppm)
of
K2SO4
and
0.1%
K2­
MgSO4.
Supplemental
methionine
was
0,
0.1,
and
0.15%.
At
day
one
a
total
of
288
poults
were
assigned
to
36
pens.
Individual
body
weights
were
obtained
at
21
days
of
age
and
food
consumed
during
the
experiment
was
measured.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Potassium
sulfate
(
K2SO4),
Potassium
magnesium
sulfate
(
K2­
MgSO4)
Remarks:
The
addition
of
K2SO4
to
diets
without
supplemental
methionine
resulted
in
significantly
increased
body
weight,
but
did
not
influence
feed
efficiency.
The
addition
of
either
K2SO4
or
K2­
MgSO4
to
the
diet
containing
0.1%
methionine
resulted
in
a
further
increase
in
growth
compared
to
the
unsupplemented
control
diet,
indicating
that
they
can
spare
a
portion
of
the
sulfur
amino
acid
requirement
in
the
diet
of
turkey
poults.
References:
Miles,
R.
D.
and
Harms,
R.
H.
1983.
Benefit
from
the
supplementation
of
K2SO4
or
K2­
MgSO4
to
the
diet
of
turkey
poults.
Nutrition
Reports
International
28(
2):
381­
384.

4.7
BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
MONITORING
(
INCLUDING
BIOMAGNIFICATION)

Remarks:
No
data
available.

4.8
BIOTRANSFORMATION
AND
KINETICS
Remarks:
No
data
available.

5.
TOXICITY
5.1
ACUTE
TOXICITY
5.1.1
ACUTE
ORAL
TOXICITY
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rat
Value:
6,600
mg/
kg
bw
Method:
Not
described
23
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Potassium
sulfate
(
K2SO4)
References:
1)
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.
2)
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Potassium
Sulfate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
3)
Registry
of
Toxic
Effects
of
Chemical
Substances
(
RTECS).
1999.
Potassium
Chloride.

5.1.2
ACUTE
INHALATION
TOXICITY
Remarks:
No
data
available.

5.1.3
ACUTE
DERMAL
TOXICITY
Remarks:
No
data
available.

5.1.4
ACUTE
TOXICITY
BY
OTHER
ROUTES
OF
ADMINISTRATION
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
];
LDL0
[
X];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Guinea
pig
Route
of
Administration:
i.
m.
[
];
i.
p.
[
];
i.
v.
[
];
Infusion
[
];
s.
c.
[
X];
Other
[
]
Exposure
period:
Not
identified
Value:
3,000
mg/
kg
bw.
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Potassium
sulfate
(
K2SO4)
References:
1)
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.
2)
Registry
of
Toxic
Effects
of
Chemical
Substances
(
RTECS).
1999.
Potassium
Chloride.

5.2
CORROSIVENESS/
IRRITATION
5.2.1
SKIN
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
Remarks:
No
data
available.

5.2.2
EYE
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
Remarks:
No
data
available.
24
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
5.3
SKIN
SENSITIZATION
Remarks:
No
data
available.

5.4
REPEATED
DOSE
TOXICITY
Species:
Rat
Sex/
Strain:
Male/
Female
Crl:
CD(
SD)
IGS
BR
Route
of
Administration:
Gavage
Exposure
Period:
Animals
in
the
study
were
divided
between
two
subgroups
(
toxicity
and
reproductive
subgroups).
The
exposure
period
for
males
and
females
in
the
toxicity
subgroup
was
28
days.
The
exposure
period
for
reproductive
subgroup
males
was
at
most
28
days.
The
exposure
period
for
reproductive
subgroup
females
was
at
most
53
days
(
14
days
pre­
mating,
14
days
mating,
and
gestational
and
lactational
periods
up
to
lactation
day
4).
Frequency
of
Treatment:
Daily
Doses:
0,
50,
750,
and
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
(
Doses
were
selected
based
on
parameters
assessed
in
a
range­
finding
study
at
concentrations
up
to
1,000
mg/
kg/
day)
NOAEL:
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
(
general
toxicity)
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
(
reproduction/
developmental
toxicity)
LOAEL:
No
adverse
effects
were
seen
on
general
toxicity
endpoints.
No
adverse
effects
were
seen
on
reproduction/
developmental
toxicity
endpoints
GLP:
Yes
Method:
Toxicity
subgroup:
Animals
comprising
the
toxicity
subgroup
(
5
males
and
5
females
per
dose
group)
were
administered
K2SO4
for
28
days
(
7
days/
week)
via
gavage
administration.
Among
toxicity
subgroup
animals,
functional
observations
(
sensory
reactivity,
grip
strength,
motor
activity)
were
conducted
during
the
final
days
of
treatment.
Bleeds
for
hematology
and
blood
chemistry
were
conducted
on
Day
28
of
treatment.
Organ
weights
were
recorded
at
termination
and
major
organs
and
tissues
(
and
any
other
abnormalities
observed
at
necropsy)
were
processed
for
microscopic
examination.
Reproductive
subgroup:
Male
rats
(
5
males)
in
the
reproductive
subgroup
were
administered
K2SO4
for
28
days
via
oral
gavage.
Female
rats
(
10
females)
in
the
reproductive
subgroup
were
administered
K2SO4
for
a
period
encompassing
approximately
53
continuous
days
via
oral
gavage:
14
days
of
initial
treatment,
plus
a
maximum
of
14
days
of
cohabitation
to
ensure
mating,
and
25
days
to
litter
and
rear
their
young
until
Day
4
of
age.
Histology
for
reproductive
subgroup
animals
was
25
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
restricted
to
retained
reproductive
organs
(
and
any
other
abnormalities
observed
at
necropsy).
Result:
Toxicity
subgroup:
There
were
no
treatment­
related
deaths
and
no
signs
of
overt
clinical
toxicity.
There
were
no
effects
on
body
weight,
food
consumption,
or
food
efficiency.
Functional
observational
battery
(
FOB)
and
motor
activity
tests
identified
no
treatment­
related
changes
in
behavior,
function,
or
motor
activity.
Dams
at
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
experienced
slightly
lower
food
consumption
and
body
weight
than
the
controls
during
the
gestation
period
only.
Because
of
their
moderate
and
transient
nature,
these
observable
effects
were
considered
a
LOEL
rather
than
a
LOAEL.
No
treatmentrelated
histopathological
changes
were
reported.
Reproductive
subgroup:
There
were
no
treatmentrelated
deaths
and
no
signs
of
overt
clinical
toxicity.
There
were
no
effects
on
body
weight,
food
consumption,
or
food
efficiency.
Mating
performance
and
fertility
were
unaffected
by
treatment.
All
animals
mated
within
4
days.
There
were
no
treatment­
related
effects
on
gestation
length,
gestation
index,
litter
size,
offspring
survival
indices,
sex
ratio,
offspring
bodyweight,
or
macropathology
for
offspring.
Test
Substance:
Potassium
Sulfate
(
K2SO4)
Remarks:
Due
to
a
shortage
of
test
substance,
additional
substance
with
equivalent
composition
was
obtained
and
used
in
the
latter
phase
of
the
study.
Reference:
Product
Safety
Laboratories.
2002.
Potassium
Sulfate:
Combined
Repeated
Dose
Toxicity
Study
With
the
Reproduction/
Developmental
Toxicity
Screening
Test
(
Oral
Gavage
Study
in
Rats).
Study
Number
11772.

5.5
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VITRO
A.
Bacterial
Test
Type:
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
System
of
testing:
Species/
strain:
S.
typhimurium
TA98,
TA100,
TA1535,
TA1537
and
E.
coli
WP2
uvrA
Concentration:
75,
200,
600,
1,800,
and
5,000
µ
g/
plate
Metabolic
activation:
With
[
];
Without
[
];
With
and
Without
[
X];
No
Data
[
]
Results:
Cytotoxicity
conc:
With
metabolic
activation:
None
observed
Without
metabolic
activation:
None
observed
Precipitation
conc:
None
observed
Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
With
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Without
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
26
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Method:
OECD
Guideline
471
(
Ninth
Addendum;
February
1998)
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Potassium
sulfate,
purity:
100%
Remarks:
When
vortexed
for
more
than
1
minute,
the
test
article
was
soluble
and
clear
in
water
at
approximately
50
mg/
mL,
the
maximum
concentration
tested.
References:
Wagner,
V.
O.
and
Klug,
M.
L.
2001.
Bacterial
Reverse
Mutation
Assay:
Potassium
Sulfate.
BioReliance
Study
No.
AA43RD.
503.
BTL.

B.
Non­
bacterial
in
vitro
test
Type:
Mammalian
chromosome
aberration
test
System
of
testing:
Species/
strain:
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
Concentration:
217.5,
435,
870,
and
1,740
µ
g/
mL
Metabolic
activation:
With
[
];
Without
[
];
With
and
Without
[
X];
No
Data
[
]
Results:
Cytotoxicity
conc:
With
metabolic
activation:
None
Without
metabolic
activation:
None
Precipitation
conc:
None
Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
With
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Without
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Method:
OECD
Guideline
473
(
Ninth
Addendum;
February
1998)
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Potassium
sulfate,
purity:
100%
Remarks:
The
test
article
was
soluble
in
water
at
a
concentration
of
17.4
mg/
mL,
the
maximum
concentration
tested.
References:
Gudi,
R.
and
Brown,
C.
2001.
In
Vitro
Mammalian
Chromosome
Aberration
Test:
Potassium
Sulfate.
BioReliance
Study
No.
AA43RD.
331.
BTL.

5.6
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VIVO
Remarks:
No
data
available.

5.7
CARCINOGENICITY
Remarks:
No
data
available.

5.8
TOXICITY
TO
REPRODUCTION
Remarks:
See
the
summary
in
Section
5.4
for
details
of
an
OECD
Guideline
422
combined
repeat
27
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
dose/
reproductive/
developmental
toxicity
study
conducted
in
2002
5.9
DEVELOPMENTAL
TOXICITY/
TERATOGENICITY
(
a)
Remarks:
See
the
summary
in
Section
5.4
for
details
of
an
OECD
Guideline
422
combined
repeat
dose/
reproductive/
developmental
toxicity
study
conducted
in
2002
(
b)
Species/
strain:
Single­
comb
White
Leghorn
chick
eggs
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
];
Male/
Female
[
];
Not
applicable
[
X]
Route
of
Administration:
The
test
compound
was
dissolved
or
suspended
in
an
appropriate
vehicle
and
injected
into
the
yolk
and
through
the
air
cell
Duration
of
the
test:
4­
days
Exposure
period:
4­
days
Doses:
Up
to
10.0
mg/
egg
Control
group:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
X];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
Results:
LD50
(
96­
h)
=
5.01
mg/
egg
Method:
Potassium
sulfate
was
administered
into
both
the
yolk
and
through
the
air
cell.
For
both
injection
routes,
eggs
were
treated
at
0­
hours
(
preincubation)
and
at
4­
days.
Groups
of
20
or
more
eggs
were
treated
under
these
four
conditions
at
a
minimum
of
four
dose
levels.
Percentage
mortality
and
number
of
mortalities
were
recorded.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Potassium
sulfate
(
K2SO4)
Remarks:
Potassium
sulfate
showed
no
teratogenic
response
under
any
of
the
four
conditions.
References:
Verrett,
M.
J.,
Scott,
W.
F.,
Reynaldo,
E.
F.,
Alterman,
E.
K.,
and
Thomas,
C.
A.
1980.
Toxicity
and
teratogenicity
of
food
additive
chemicals
in
the
developing
chicken
embryo.
Toxicology
and
Applied
Pharmacology
56:
265­
273.

5.10
OTHER
RELEVANT
INFORMATION
Remarks:
Cattle
that
broke
into
a
field
that
had
been
treated
with
potassium
sulfate
died
within
two
days.
Symptoms
included
prostration,
paresis,
hypothermia,
cessation
of
rumination,
and
constipation.
No
information
on
the
treatment
levels
of
K2SO4
were
given.
28
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Reference:
1)
European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.
2)
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Potassium
Sulfate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

5.11
EXPERIENCE
WITH
HUMAN
EXPOSURE
Results:
Swallowing
large
doses
can
induce
vomiting
and
cause
severe
gastrointestinal
irritation.
Reference:
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
1996.
Merck
Index.
12th
ed.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.

6.
REFERENCES
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
1996.
Merck
Index.
12th
ed.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.

Canadian
Center
for
Occupational
Health
&
Safety.
MSDS
Database.
1993.

European
Commission.
2000.
Potassium
sulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

Gudi,
R.
and
Brown,
C.
2001.
In
Vitro
Mammalian
Chromosome
Aberration
Test:
Potassium
Sulfate.
BioReliance
Study
No.
AA43RD.
331.
BTL.

Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Potassium
Sulfate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

Lewis,
R.
J.
1992.
Sax's
Dangerous
Properties
of
Industrial
Materials
8th
ed.
Van
Nostrand
Reinhold,
NY.

Miles,
R.
D.
and
Harms,
R.
H.
1983.
Benefit
from
the
supplementation
of
K2SO4
or
K2­
MgSO4
to
the
diet
of
turkey
poults.
Nutrition
Reports
International
28(
2):
381­
384.

Mount,
D.
R.,
Gulley,
D.
D.,
Hockett,
R.,
Garrison,
T.
D.,
and
Evans,
J.
M.
1997.
Statistical
models
to
predict
the
toxicity
of
major
ions
to
Ceriodaphnia
dubia,
Daphnia
magna
and
Pimephales
promelas
(
fathead
minnows).
Environ.
Toxicol.
Chem.
16:
2009­
2019.

Mullins,
G.
L.
1998.
Cotton
response
to
the
rate
and
source
of
sulfur
on
a
sandy
coastal
plain
soil.
Journal
of
Production
Agriculture
11(
1):
214­
218.

Registry
of
Toxic
Effects
of
Chemical
Substances
(
RTECS).
1999.
Potassium
Chloride.

Trama,
F.
B.
1954B.
The
acute
toxicity
of
some
common
salts
of
sodium,
potassium
and
calcium
to
the
common
bluegill.
Proc.
Acad.
Nat.
Sci.
Piladelphia.
106:
185­
205.
29
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publishers,
The
Netherlands.

Verrett,
M.
J.,
Scott,
W.
F.,
Reynaldo,
E.
F.,
Alterman,
E.
K.,
and
Thomas,
C.
A.
1980.
Toxicity
and
teratogenicity
of
food
additive
chemicals
in
the
developing
chicken
embryo.
Toxicology
and
Applied
Pharmacology
56:
265­
273.

Wagner,
V.
O.
and
Klug,
M.
L.
2001.
Bacterial
Reverse
Mutation
Assay:
Potassium
Sulfate.
BioReliance
Study
No.
AA43RD.
503.
BTL.
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
APPENDIX
A
 
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Explanation
of
Appendix
A
Appendix
A
is
a
SIDS
Data
Summary
table
that
provides
an
overview
of
availability
and
quality
of
the
data
used
in
this
Health
and
Environmental
Safety
Data
Summary
for
Potassium
Sulfate.
Y
(
Yes)
and
N
(
No)
designations
indicate
whether
data
are
available
that
meet
the
criteria
for
each
column.
The
columns
are
described
as:

Information:
Data
exist
that
were
useful
for
describing
the
data
element.
These
data
may
be
from
standard
laboratory
tests
or
from
generally
recognized
published
sources
or
professional
experience.

OECD
Study:
The
data
were
developed
using
standard
OECD
or
essentially
similar
(
e.
g.,
EPA
harmonized
protocols)
guidelines.

GLP:
The
data
were
developed
under
standard
Good
Laboratory
Practice
provisions.
These
generally
represent
the
highest
quality
data.

Other
Study:
Studies
were
conducted
that
could
not
be
definitively
identified
as
following
OECD
or
GLP
protocols.
These
studies
were
included
when
they
were
determined
to
be
of
adequate
quality
and
provided
relevant
information
to
the
characterization
of
the
compound.

Estimation
Method:
In
some
cases,
data
may
be
estimated
using
established
structure
activity
relationships.
These
methods
are
common
for
physical­
chemical
parameters
such
as
octanolwater
partition
coefficients
and
water
solubility.

Acceptable:
This
column
indicates
whether
the
data
are
deemed
acceptable
by
standard
acceptability
criteria
and
professional
judgment.
Only
the
data
meeting
adequacy
standards
are
included
in
this
summary
document.

SIDS
Testing
Recommended:
This
column
indicates
whether
additional
testing
is
recommended
based
on
an
evaluation
of
the
available
data
summarized
in
this
document.
It
is
generally
not
necessary
to
fill
all
of
the
apparent
data
gaps
in
order
to
adequately
characterize
the
inherent
hazard
of
chemicals.
Information
from
other
data
elements
and
from
other
chemicals
in
the
category,
along
with
professional
judgment,
are
useful
in
the
final
determination
of
the
need
for
further
testing.
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
SIDS
DATA
AVAILABILITY
SUMMARY
DATE:
January
27,
2003
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
No.
7778­
80­
5
Information
OECD
Study
GLP
Other
Study
Estimated
Method
Acceptable
SIDS
Testing
Recommended
STUDY
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.2
Boiling
Point
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.3
Density
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
2.5
Partition
Coefficient
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
2.6
Water
Solubility
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
pH
and
pKa
Values
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.9
Flammability
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.12
Oxidation:
Reduction
Potential
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
OTHER
P/
C
STUDIES
RECEIVED
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
N
N
N
N
Y
­
N
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
3.2
Monitoring
Data
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
3.3.1
Transport
N
N
N
n
N
­
N
3.3.2
Distribution
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
3.5
Biodegradation
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
3.7
Bioaccumulation
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
OTHER
ENV
FATE
STUDIES
RECEIVED
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
Toxicity
to
Fish
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Daphnia
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
4.3
Toxicity
to
Algae
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Daphnia
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Birds
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
OTHER
ECOTOXICITY
STUDIES
RECEIVED
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
No.
7778­
80­
5
Information
OECD
Study
GLP
Other
Study
Estimated
Method
Acceptable
SIDS
Testing
Recommended
STUDY
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity
by
other
Routes
of
Administration
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.2
Skin
and
Eye
Irritation
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.8
Reproduction
Toxicity
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
5.9
Development/
Teratogenicity
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
5.11
Human
Experience
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
OTHER
TOXICITY
STUDIES
RECEIVED
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
APPENDIX
B
 
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
the
Salt
Compounds
Category:
Calcium
Sulfate,
Potassium
Chloride,
Potassium
Magnesium
Sulfate,
Potassium
Sulfate,
Potassium
Nitrate,
and
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
SALTS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Calcium
Sulfate
Potassium
Chloride
Potassium
Magnesium
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
1,450
°
C
771­
773
°
C
972
°
C
2.2
Boiling
Point
Decomposes
1,420­
1,500
°
C
2.3
Density
2.31­
2.97
g/
mL
at
20­
25oC
1.98
g/
mL
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
2.6A
Water
Solubility
2­
2.5
g/
L
at
20oC
347
g/
L
at
20
°
C
24.4%
at
25oC
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
2
g/
L
pH
=
7
About
7
7.04
in
5%

solution
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Not
explosive
Not
explosive
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Not
an
oxidizer
Not
an
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:

Reduction
Potential
Not
an
oxidizer
Not
an
oxidizer
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
SALTS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Calcium
Sulfate
Potassium
Chloride
Potassium
Magnesium
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Dissociates
in
water
Ions
can
persist
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
See
text
Binds
to
clay
particles
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
III
1.1
x
10­
7%
to
air
45%
to
water
54.9%
to
soil
0.0755%
to
sediment
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
III
1.51
x
10­
8%
to
air
45.2%
to
water
54.7%
to
soil
0.0755%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
SALTS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Calcium
Sulfate
Potassium
Chloride
Potassium
Magnesium
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Pimephales
promelas
96
hrs
LC50
>
1,970
mg/
L
Lepomis
macrochirus
96
hrs
LC50
=
2,010
mg/
L
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
96
hrs
LC50
>
63.6
mg/
L
Lepomis
macrochirus
96
hrs
LC50
>
2,980
mg/
L
Daphnia
magna
EC50
=
337­
825
mg/
L
Gambusia
affinis
96
hrs
LC50
>
56,000
mg/
L
Physa
heterostropha
96
hrs
LC50
=
940
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
48
hrs
EC50
=
1,970
mg/
L
Scenedesmus
subspicatus
EC50
=
2,500
mg/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Nitzschia
linearis
120
hrs
TLM
=
3,200
mg/
L
Nitzschia
linearis
120
hrs
TLm
=
1,337
ppm
Chlorella
vulgaris
3­
4
months
NOEC
=
600
mg/
L
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
Salmo
irideus
28
days
NOEC
>
3,263
mg/
L
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
SALTS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Calcium
Sulfate
Potassium
Chloride
Potassium
Magnesium
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
>
5,000
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
LD50
=
2,600
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Mouse
LD50
>
4,052­

4,226
mg/
kg
bw
Mouse
LD50
=
1,500
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
See
text
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
May
be
irritating
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
Not
irritating
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Hamster
Intratracheal;

2
yrs
LOAEL
=
10
mg/
animal
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
OECD
471
Negative
Saccharo­

myces
cerevisiae
Mitotic
recombination
NOAEL
=
300
mM
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
Negative
Mouse
lymphoma
cells
Marginally
positive.
See
text
5.7
Carcinogenicity
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
5.10
Additional
Information
Not
cytotoxic
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
SALTS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Calcium
Sulfate
Potassium
Chloride
Potassium
Magnesium
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
TLV
for
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
SALTS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Potassium
Sulfate
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
1,069
°
C
344oC
2.2
Boiling
Point
1,689
°
C
400oC
at
760
mm
Hg
2.3
Density
2.66
g/
mL
at
20oC
2.109
g/
mL
at
16oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
EPISUITE
V.
3.10
1.39x10­
15
hPa
at
25oC
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
EPISUITE
V.
3.10
­
0.79
at
25oC
2.6A
Water
Solubility
1,110
g/
L
at
20
°
C
357
g/
L
at
25oC
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
7
in
aqueous
solution
pH
~
7
at
25oC
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Not
explosive
May
explode
on
contact
with
reducing
agents
and/
or
impact.

2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Not
an
oxidizer
Strong
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:

Reduction
Potential
2.13A
Additional
data
See
text
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
SALTS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Potassium
Sulfate
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Does
not
photodegrade
Does
not
photodegrade
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Stable
Stable
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
III
4.5
x
10­
9%
to
air
45.3%
to
water
54.6%
to
soil
0.0755%
to
sediment
Fugacity
Level
III
(
Mackay
type)
8.34x10­
9
%
to
air
45.3%
to
water
54.7%
to
soil
0.0755%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
Biodegradable
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
SALTS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Potassium
Sulfate
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Lepomis
macrochirus
96
hrs
LC50
=
3,550
mg/
L
Lepomis
macrochirus
96
hrs
LC50
=
1,839
mg
NO3/
L
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
96
hrs
LC50
>
98.9
mg/
L
Pimephales
promelas
96
hrs
LC50
=
680
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
48
hrs
EC50
=
720­
890
mg/
L
Daphnia
magna
48
hrs
TLm
=
300
mg
NO3/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Scenedesmus
subspicatus
72
hrs
EC50
=
1,430­

2,900
mg/
L
See
text
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Nereis
grubei
Neanthes
arenaceodentata
Dorvilliea
articulata
Capitella
capita
TLm
=
327
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
=
496
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
=
880
mg
NO3/
L
TLm
=
713
mg
NO3/
L
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
See
text
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
Turkey
poults
21
days
NOEC
>
1,000
mg/
L
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
SALTS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Potassium
Sulfate
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
=
6,600
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
LD50
=
3,750
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Rabbit
LD50
=
1,166
NO3/
kg
Cow,
Sheep
Lethal
dose
(
cow)

=
75­
140
mg
NO3
­
N/
kg
Lethal
dose
(
sheep)
=
70
mg
NO3
­
N/
kg
Goat
LD100
=
1,000­

1,500
mg/
kg
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat
OECD
402
LD50
>
5,000
mg/
kg
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
Guinea
pig
Subcutaneous
LDLO
=
3,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
SALTS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Potassium
Sulfate
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
OECD
471
Negative
Salmonella
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
Negative
Bacillus
subtilis
recombination
assay
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
OECD
473
Negative
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Rat
10
weeks
Negative
5.7
Carcinogenicity
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
Guinea
pig
One­
generation
study
NOAEL
Parental
=
10,000
ppm
NOAEL
F1
Offspring
=

10,000
ppm
Rat
Twogeneration
study
NOAEL
Parental
=
2.5%

5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
Chicken
eggs
LD50
=
5.01
mg/
kg
Mouse
Oral;
10
day
exposure
NOAEL
>
400
mg/
kg
bw
5.10
Metabolism
and
Toxicokinetics
No
sensory
irritation
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
SALTS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Potassium
Sulfate
CAS
#
7778­
80­
5
Potassium
Sulfate
Potassium
Nitrate
Potassium
Sodium
Nitrate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.11
Human
Experience
Large
doses
can
induce
vomiting
if
swallowed
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
