Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
ii
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Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
iii
William
C.
Herz
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
M
E
M
O
R
A
N
D
U
M
TO:
Product
Testing
Recipient
FROM:
William
C.
Herz,
Director,
Scientific
Programs
SUBJECT:
Phosphoric
Acid
Product
Testing
Dossier
DATE:
March
15,
2003
It
is
with
great
pleasure
that
The
Fertilizer
Institute
(
TFI)
announces
the
completion
and
distribution
of
the
final
product
testing
dossier
for
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
#
7664­
38­
2).

As
you
are
aware,
TFI
sponsored
this
four
 
year
program
to
develop
and
summarize
screening­
level
hazard
information
for
high
production
volume
(
HPV)
chemicals.
The
data
elements
generated
represent
a
broad
overview
of
human
health
and
ecological
parameters.
These
include
a
physical
­
chemical
characterization,
environmental
fate,
mammalian
toxicity
and
ecotoxicity.
A
health
and
environmental
safety
data
summary
dossier
was
prepared
for
each
of
the
23
materials.
It
summarizes
the
available
literature
data,
new
testing
data,
category
description
and
read
across
data
as
well
as
provides
a
conclusion
regarding
the
inherent
hazards
of
the
material.

Upon
receipt
of
this
data
a
90
calendar
day
regulatory
trigger
starts
within
which
you
must
update
your
material
safety
data
sheets
(
MS­
DS).
Upon
first
product
shipment
you
must
also
notify
your
distributors
and
employers
once
the
MS­
DS
has
been
updated.
These
regulatory
requirements
are
detailed
in
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
5)
and
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
6)(
i).
The
requirements
are
found
in
the
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration
"
Hazard
Communication
Standard"
(
29
CFR
1910.1200).

Please
note
that
by
receipt
of
this
data;
you
agree
not
to
distribute
or
sell
this
data
beyond
your
own
company.
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
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iv
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Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
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38­
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v
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW...............................................................................................................
1
SIDS
PROFILE
..................................................................................................................................
10
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARY
FOR
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
....................................................................
11
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION
...............................................................................................
13
2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
.........................................................................................
20
3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS.................................................................
26
4.
ECOTOXICITY....................................................................................................................
31
5.
TOXICITY............................................................................................................................
35
6.
REFERENCES......................................................................................................................
49
LIST
OF
APPENDICES
APPENDIX
A
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
APPENDIX
B
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
the
Acids
Category
ACRONYMS
AND
ABBREVIATIONS
BCF
Bioconcentration
Factor
bw
Body
Weight
DAP
Diammonium
Phosphate
DOT
Department
of
Transportation
FDA
U.
S.
Food
and
Drug
Administration
g/
L
Grams
per
Liter
GLP
Good
Laboratory
Practices
GTSP
Granular
Triple
Super
Phosphate
g/
mL
Grams
per
Milliliter
HSDB
Hazardous
Substance
Data
Bank
IPCS
International
Programme
for
Chemical
Safety
KNO3
Potassium
Nitrate
Koc
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
Kow
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
LC50
Median
Lethal
Concentration
LD50
Median
Lethal
Dose
LOAEL
Lowest
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
LOEC
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Concentration
LOEL
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Level
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
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vi
M
Molar
MAP
Monoammonium
Phosphate
mg/
kg
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
mg/
kg/
day
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
per
Day
mg/
L
Milligrams
per
Liter
MHb
Methyl
Hemoglobin
mm
Hg
Millimeters
of
Mercury
mmol/
L
Millimoles
per
Liter
NaNo3
Sodium
Nitrate
NFPA
National
Fire
Prevention
Association
(
NH4)
2NO3
Ammonium
Nitrate
NIOSH
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
NO3
Nitrate
NOAEL
No
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
NOEC
No
Observable
Effect
Concentration
NOEL
No
Observable
Effect
Level
OECD
Organisation
for
Economic
Co­
operation
and
Development
Pa
Pascal
ppm
Parts
per
Million
SCAS
Semi
Continuous
Activated
Sludge
SIDS
Screening
Information
Data
Set
SSP
Single
Super
Phosphate
TLm
Median
Toxicity
Level
TLV
Threshold
Limit
Value
TFI
The
Fertilizer
Institute
UAN
Urea
Ammonia
Nitrogen
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Phosphoric
Acid
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1
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW
I.
INTRODUCTION
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
on
behalf
of
its
member
companies,
initiated
a
Product
Testing
Project
to
collect,
review,
summarize,
and
where
necessary
develop
additional
health
and
environmental
safety
data
for
23
of
its
high
production
volume
inorganic
fertilizer
materials.
These
data
and
summaries
provide
valuable
information
that
can
be
used
to
update
Material
Safety
Data
Sheets,
answer
customers'
questions,
and
support
product
stewardship
efforts.
The
chemical
industry
is
also
participating
in
a
voluntary
program
of
comparable
scope
for
high
production
volume
organic
chemicals.
1
The
23
fertilizer
materials
were
divided
into
five
categories
(
i.
e.,
ammonia
compounds,
nitrate
compounds,
phosphate
compounds,
salts
and
acids)
based
on
their
primary
constituents
as
shown
in
Table
1.
The
use
of
categories
is
a
recognized
and
accepted
method
that
allows
health
and
environmental
safety
data
from
one
chemical
in
the
category
to
be
used
to
represent
one
or
more
other
related
chemicals
in
the
category
(
USEPA
1999).
The
key
is
to
find
similar,
or
at
least
predictable,
patterns
and
trends
among
the
chemicals
in
a
category.
In
this
way,
data
can
be
pooled,
resources
are
optimized,
and
fewer
animals
are
used
in
testing,
all
without
losing
the
ability
to
evaluate
the
hazards
and
safety
of
the
individual
chemicals.
Note
that
some
of
the
materials
fall
into
more
than
one
category
(
e.
g.,
diammonium
phosphate
[
DAP]
is
in
both
the
phosphate
and
ammonia
categories).

Searches
were
conducted
using
on­
line
databases,
standard
reference
texts,
and
other
published
sources
for
data
describing
toxicity,
ecotoxicity,
environmental
fate,
and
physical­
chemical
properties.
The
collected
data
were
reviewed
for
quality
and
acceptability
and
then
summarized
according
to
the
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development
(
OECD)
Screening
Information
Data
Set
(
SIDS)
dossier
format
(
OECD
1997).
The
OECD
countries
(
including
the
United
States)
have
agreed
on
a
set
of
tests
and
on
types
of
data
(
referred
to
as
`
data
elements')
that
are
generally
necessary
to
characterize
the
chemical
behavior
and
potential
hazards
of
chemicals
released
into
the
environment.
The
OECD
SIDS
dossier
was
chosen
as
a
standard
format
for
the
TFI
Product
Testing
Project
in
order
that
it
would
be
scientifically
defensive,
broadly
applicable
and
easily
understandable
to
a
wide
range
of
stakeholders.

The
following
sections
of
this
Executive
Overview
provide:
the
rationale
for
development
of
the
Acids
category
(
Section
II);
a
synopsis
of
the
available
data
related
to
the
physical­
chemical
properties,
environmental
fate,
ecotoxicity
and
toxicity
of
all
three
acids
(
phosphoric,
sulfuric,
nitric)
in
the
category
(
Section
III);
and
a
conclusion
regarding
the
need
for
additional
testing
(
Section
IV).

The
data
for
phosphoric
acid
are
summarized
in
the
Chemical
Profile
and
Data
Summary
tables.
Because
the
evaluation
of
data
gaps
relies
on
a
category
approach,
the
Data
1
HPV
Chemical
Challenge
Program;
USEPA
1999
(
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
opptintr/
chemrtk/
volchall.
htm)
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
2
Summary
table
references
Appendix
B
when
data
are
available
for
sulfuric
and/
or
nitric
acids
for
those
data
elements
where
no
phosphoric
acid
data
are
available.
Appendix
B
provides
a
summary
of
the
data
for
all
three
acids.
The
individual
studies
for
phosphoric
acid
are
described
and
the
references
are
presented
in
subsequent
pages
of
this
document.
Separate
data
summary
documents
are
available
for
nitric
and
sulfuric
acid.
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
3
II.
Rationale
for
the
Acids
Category
The
acids
category
for
fertilizer
materials
includes
nitric,
phosphoric
and
sulfuric
acids.
These
acids
are
water
soluble
and
dissociate
into
their
constituent
ions.
The
toxicological
effects
of
strong
acids
are
primarily
related
to
low
pH.

The
acids
are
corrosive
upon
contact
with
animal
and
human
tissues,
whether
via
dermal
contact,
inhaled
or
swallowed.
Acidity
(
i.
e.,
low
pH)
also
causes
toxicity
to
fish.
The
mechanisms
involved
in
acid­
induced
toxicity
vary
depending
upon
levels
of
acidity
and
interactions
with
other
components
(
McKenna
and
Duerr
1976).
Below
pH
3,
acidity
causes
coagulation
of
mucus
on
fish
gill
surfaces
resulting
in
subsequent
anoxia
or
respiratory
failure
(
Packer
and
Dunson
1970).
At
slightly
higher
pH
values,
fish
mortality
occurs
due
to
a
decrease
in
sodium
and
chloride
ions
and
an
increase
in
hydrogen
ions
in
the
blood
(
Schofield
and
Trojnar
1980).
The
data
indicate
that
there
are
only
subtle,
although
measurable,
differences
in
the
toxicity
contribution
of
various
anions.
A
comparison
study
revealed
that
sulfuric
acid
is
most
toxic,
nitric
and
hydrochloric
acids
are
moderately
toxic,
and
phosphoric
acid
is
the
least
toxic
to
fish.
Presumably
the
difference
in
the
toxic
effect
of
these
acids
is
due
to
the
anions
produced
upon
dissociation
(
Alkahem
1989).

III.
Summary
of
Data
Available
for
the
Acids
Category
Because
these
acids
may
be
produced
and
used
at
varying
concentrations,
the
available
data
may
have
been
collected
using
acids
of
different
strengths.
Physical­
chemical
properties
may
vary
relative
to
the
concentration
of
the
acid
being
tested.
Therefore,
data
are
presented
for
different
concentration
acids
if
available.
In
addition,
aquatic
and
animal
toxicity
tests
are
generally
conducted
on
as
pure
a
test
material
as
can
be
obtained.
Therefore,
care
must
be
exercised
when
evaluating
the
effects
that
may
result
from
exposure
to
lower
strength
acids.
Aquatic
data
are
presented
as
effects
related
to
pH,
while
the
data
for
the
animal
toxicity
testing
retains
the
traditional
measurement
units.

Physical­
Chemical
Data
Overall,
the
physical­
chemical
properties
of
the
acids
category
are
well
characterized.
Sufficient
data
are
available
for
all
relevant
parameters
and
no
further
testing
is
warranted
to
understand
the
behavior
of
these
compounds
released
into
the
environment.

Acids
are
highly
soluble
in
water,
with
solubility
ranging
from
750­
1,000
g/
L.
The
acids
dissociate
into
their
constituent
ions
(
i.
e.,
H+
and
NO3
­;
H+
and
PO4
3­;
H+
and
SO4
2­).
The
vapor
pressure
varies
substantially
from
0.3­
1.5
mm
Hg
for
phosphoric
acid
to
42­
62
mm
Hg
for
nitric
acid.
The
relatively
low
vapor
pressure
for
all
acids
suggests
that
they
are
not
significantly
volatile.

Environmental
Fate
and
Pathway
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
4
The
high
solubility
of
these
compounds
suggests
that
they
are
present
mostly
in
aqueous
solutions,
where
they
readily
dissociate.
The
fate
dynamics
of
the
resulting
anions
are
well
understood
by
the
nitrogen,
phosphorus
and
sulfur
cycles.
No
further
testing
is
necessary.
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
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5
Ecotoxicity
Based
on
the
standard
Federal
Insecticide
Fungicide
and
Rodenticide
Act
(
FIFRA)
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
fish
and
Daphnia
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category
may
be
very
highly
toxic
to
aquatic
organisms.
However,
because
the
toxicity
is
known
to
be
pH­
dependent,
toxicity
is
mitigated
by
neutralization
of
the
acid,
as
would
normally
be
the
case
when
acids
are
released
into
waterways.
Therefore,
no
further
testing
is
necessary.
The
acute
LC50
for
fish
ranged
from
pH
3.0­
4.0.
There
is
some
evidence
suggesting
the
following
order
of
anion
toxicity
in
aquatic
systems:
SO4
>
NO3
>
PO4.

EC/
LC50
(
mg/
L)
Toxicity
Description
<
0.1
Very
Highly
Toxic
0.1­
1
Highly
Toxic
1­
10
Moderately
Toxic
10­
100
Slightly
Toxic
>
100
Practically
Non­
Toxic
Toxicity
Sufficient
toxicity
data
are
available
to
characterize
toxicity
effects
for
the
three
acids
and
no
additional
testing
is
needed.
As
with
aquatic
systems,
mammalian
toxicity
is
primarily
related
to
pH,
and
non­
pH
related
effects
would
not
be
a
primary
concern
for
the
acids.

The
acute
oral
LD50
reported
in
a
phosphoric
acid
study
is
1,530
mg/
kg
bw.
The
inhalation
LC50s
of
nitric
acid,
phosphoric
acid,
and
sulfuric
acid
are
65
­
67
ppm
NO2,
61
­
1689
mg/
m3
P2O5
(
four
different
species
tested),
and
347
­
430
ppm
H2SO4,
respectively.
Acute
dermal
studies
of
phosphoric
acid
report
LD50s
ranging
from
>
1,260­>
3,160
mg/
kg
bw.
Based
on
the
standard
FIFRA
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
mammals
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category,
when
neutralize,
are
considered
to
be
of
low
to
very
low
toxicity
(
40
CFR
156.62).

Toxicity
Category
I
II
III
IV
Toxicity
Rating
High
Moderate
Low
Very
Low
Oral
LD50
 
50
mg/
kg
>
50­
500
mg/
kg
>
500­
5000
mg/
kg
>
5000
mg/
kg
Dermal
LC50
 
200
mg/
kg
>
200­
2000
mg/
kg
>
2000­
20,000
mg/
kg
>
20,000
mg/
kg
Inhalation
LC50
 
0.2
mg/
L
>
0.2­
2
mg/
L
>
2­
20
mg/
L
>
20
mg/
L
Unneutralized,
their
corrosivity
upon
contact
at
high
concentrations
is
well
documented.
All
three
acids
tested
negative
for
mutagenicity.
Up
to
375
mg/
kg
bw
phosphoric
acid
in
food
did
not
affect
the
growth
of
rat
offspring
in
a
reproduction
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
6
study
and
up
to
20
mg/
m3
of
sulfuric
acid
in
air
did
not
affect
reproduction
in
either
mice
or
rabbits.

IV.
Conclusion
for
the
Acids
Category
Sufficient
data
are
available
to
characterize
the
physical­
chemical
properties,
environmental
fate,
ecotoxicity
and
toxicity
of
the
acids
category.
Therefore,
additional
testing
is
not
needed
to
assess
the
hazards
of
the
three
acids.
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
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7
TABLE
1:
CATEGORIES
FOR
PRODUCT
TESTING
PROJECT
CATEGORY
COMPOUND
CAS
NUMBER
Ammonia
Compounds
Anhydrous
ammonia
Aqua
ammonia
Ammonium
nitrate
Ammonium
sulfate
Ammonium
thiosulfate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
Ammonium
phosphate
sulfate
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Urea
7664­
41­
7
1336­
21­
6
6484­
52­
2
7783­
20­
2
7783­
18­
8
15978­
77­
5
12593­
60­
1
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
57­
13­
6
Nitrate
Compounds
Sodium
nitrate
Ammonium
nitrate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
Urea
7631­
99­
4
6484­
52­
2
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
15978­
77­
5
57­
13­
6
Phosphate
Compounds
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Liquid
polyphosphate
Single
superphosphate**
Granular
triple
superphosphate**
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
­­
8011­
76­
5
65996­
95­
4
Salts
Potassium
chloride
Potassium
magnesium
sulfate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Potassium
sulfate
Calcium
sulfate
7447­
40­
7
14168­
73­
1
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
7778­
80­
5
7778­
18­
9
Acids
Phosphoric
acid
Nitric
acid
Sulfuric
acid
7664­
38­
2
7697­
37­
2
7664­
93­
9
*
=
Nitrogen
solutions
are
represented
largely
by
Urea­
Ammonia­
Nitrogen
(
UAN;
15978­
77­
5)
**
=
Single
superphosphate
and
granular
triple
superphosphate
are
combined
into
a
single
dossier.
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
8
­­
=
No
CAS
number
readily
available
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
9
V.
REFERENCES
CITED
40
CFR
156.62.
Toxicity
Category.

Alkahem,
H.
F.
1989.
Effect
of
different
acids
on
the
freshwater
fish,
Aphanius
dispar.
J.
Biol.
Sci.
Res.
20(
3):
537­
545.

McKenna,
M.
and
Duerr,
F.
1976.
Effects
of
ambient
pH
on
the
gills
of
Ictalurus
melas
Rafinesque.
Am.
Zool.
16:
224.

OECD.
1997.
SIDS
Manual.
OECD
Secretariat,
3rd
Revision,
July
1997.

Packer,
R.
and
Dunson,
W.
1970.
Effects
of
low
environmental
pH
on
blood
pH
and
sodium
balance
of
brook
trout.
Exp.
Zool.
174:
65­
72.

Schofield,
C.
and
Trojnar,
J.
1980.
Aluminum
toxicity
to
fish
in
acidified
waters.
In
Toribara,
T.,
Miller,
M.,
and
Morrow,
P.
(
eds.).
Polluted
Rain.
New
York:
Plenum
Press.

USEPA.
1999.
Development
of
Chemical
Categories
in
the
HPV
Challenge
Program.
www.
epa.
gov/
chemrtk/
catdoc29pdf.
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
10
SIDS
PROFILE
Date:
January
27,
2003
1.01
A.
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2
1.01
C.
CHEMICAL
NAME
(
OECD
NAME)
Phosphoric
acid
1.01
D
CAS
DESCRIPTOR
Phosphoric
acid
1.01
G
STRUCTURAL
FORMULA
H3PO4
OTHER
CHEMICAL
IDENTITY
INFORMATION
None
1.5
QUANTITY
Over
12
million
tons
in
the
U.
S.
in
2001
1.7
USE
PATTERN
Intermediate
for
fertilizers,
catalyst
for
ethylene
production,
dental
cement,
process
engraving,
rustproofing
of
metals,
in
soaps
and
detergents,
and
in
some
foods
1.9
SOURCES
AND
LEVELS
OF
EXPOSURE
Fertilizer,
detergent,
and
foods
Issues
for
discussion
(
identify,
if
any)
SIDS
testing
required:

No
additional
testing
required
(
see
Executive
Overview
for
rationale).
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
11
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARY
FOR
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
Date:
January
27,
2003
CAS
NO.
7664­
38­
2
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
21oC
(
85%
solution)
2.2
Boiling
Point
158oC
2.3
Density
1.87
g/
mL
at
25oC
2.4
Vapour
Pressure
0.03­
1.5
mm
Hg
at
20oC
(
low
volatility)
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
See
Appendix
B
results
2.6A
Water
Solubility
750­
850
g/
L
(
highly
soluble)
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
pH:
1­
1.5
at
1­
10
g/
L
pK1:
2.15;
pK2:
7.09;
pK3:
12.32
at
25oC
2.7
Flash
Point
Non­
flammable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Non­
flammable
2.9
Flammability
DIN
51584
Non­
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Possible
with
contact
with
metals
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
See
Appendix
B
results
2.13B
Henry's
Law
Constant
See
Appendix
B
results
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Ionic
dissociation
in
water
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Dissolves
some
soil
material
(
carbonates)
3.2
Monitoring
Data
See
Appendix
B
results
3.3
Transport
and
Distribution
Under
acidic
soil
conditions,
sparsely
soluble
phosphates
tend
to
solubilize
and
may
migrate
to
water
3.5
Biodegradation
Under
anaerobic
conditions,
certain
microorganisms
may
degrade
the
product
to
phosphine
3.6
BOD5
See
Appendix
B
results
3.7
Bioaccumulation
See
Appendix
B
results
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
Toxicity
to
Fish
Lepomis
macrochirus
(
bluegill
sunfish)
96­
hr
static
LC50
=
pH
3.0
­
3.5
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna,
Daphnia
pulex
Gammarus
pulex
(
amphipod)
12­
hr
static
12­
hr
static
EC50
=
pH
4.6
EC50
=
pH
4.1
LC50
=
pH
3.4
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
See
Appendix
B
results
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
Activated
sludge
EC50
=
pH
2.55
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
See
Appendix
B
results
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
See
Appendix
B
results
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
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12
CAS
NO.
7664­
38­
2
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
Peas,
beans,
beets,
rapeseed,
and
weeds
Sprayed
with
15
­
20%
solution
of
H3PO4
Foliage
was
destroyed
on
all
plants
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
Sheep
up
to
100
mg/
kg
bw/
day
LD50
=
1,530
mg/
kg
bw
100
mg/
kg
bw/
day
caused
loss
of
weight
and
death
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Toxicity
Guinea
pig,
mouse,
rat,
rabbit
1­
hr
LC50
=
61­
1,689
mg/
m3
P2O5
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rabbit
24­
hr
LD50
=
>
1,260
­
>
3,160
mg/
kg
bw
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/
Corrosion
Rabbit
24­
hr
Highly
irritating
to
corrosive
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/
Corrosion
Rabbit
OECD
Guideline
405
Not
irritating
for
17%
solution
but
severe
irritation
at
higher
concentration
5.4
Repeated
Dose
See
Appendix
B
results
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Salmonella
typhimurium
Sea
urchin
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
(
Ames
test)
Embryo
and
sperm
assays
Negative
Aberrations
caused
by
pH
#
6.5
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Rat
One
­
generation
375
mg/
kg
bw
did
not
effect
offspring
growth
5.9
Developmental
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
See
Appendix
B
results
5.10A
5.10A
Specific
Toxicities
Specific
Toxicities
Chinese
hamster
cells
Neurotoxicity
Cytotoxicity
in
V79
lung
cells
Effects
on
growth,
survival
rate
and
macromolecular
synthesis
at
30
mM
Very
high
doses
lead
to
physiological
disruption
5.11
Human
Experience
Inhalation
Dermal
contact
10,000
mg/
m3
is
immediately
dangerous
to
life
May
irritate
eyes
and
skin
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
8
hr
TWA­
TLV
15
min
STEL­
TLV
1
mg/
m3
in
air
3
mg/
m3
in
air
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
13
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION
1.01
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
*
A.
CAS
number
7664­
38­
2
B.
Name
(
IUPAC
name)
Phosphoric
acid
*
C.
Name
(
OECD
name)
Phosphoric
acid
*
D.
CAS
Descriptor
Not
applicable
E.
EINECS
Number
231­
633­
2
F.
Molecular
Formula
H3O4P
*
G.
Structural
Formula
H3PO4
SMILES:
OP(
O)(
O)=
O
H.
Substance
Group
Not
applicable
(
If
possible,
only
for
petroleum
products,
see
HEDSET
explanatory
note)

I.
Substance
Remark
Not
applicable
(
Indicate
the
substance
remark
as
prescribed
in
the
EINECS
Inventory,
if
possible)

J.
Molecular
Weight
98.0
1.02
OECD
INFORMATION
A.
Sponsor
Country
Not
applicable
(
would
be
US)

B.
Lead
Organization
Name
of
Lead
Organization:
Not
applicable
(
would
be
EPA)

C.
Name
of
Responder
(
Information
on
a
responder
should
be
provided
when
companies
respond
to
Lead
Organization
or
SIDS
Contact
Points.)

Name:
Mr.
William
C..
Herz,
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
Address/
Phones:
The
Fertilizer
Institute
Union
Center
Plaza
820
First
Street,
NE,
Suite
430
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
14
Washington,
D.
C.
20002
Tel:
(
202)
962­
0490
Fax:
(
202):
962­
0577
1.1
GENERAL
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
A.
Type
of
Substance
element
[
];
inorganic
[
X];
natural
substance
[
];
organic
[
];
organometallic
[
];
petroleum
product
[
]

B.
Physical
State
(
at
20
°
C
and
1.013
hPa)

gaseous
[
];
liquid
[
X];
solid
[
]

C.
Purity
Varies
depending
on
final
fertilizer
material
being
produced.
Typically
38­
70%
concentrations.

1.2
SYNONYMS
White
phosphoric
acid
Orthophosphoric
acid
1.3
IMPURITIES
[
Indicate
CAS
No.,
chemical
name
(
IUPAC
is
preferable),
percentage,
if
possible
EINECS
number.]

Remarks:
None
identified
1.4
ADDITIVES
[
e.
g.
stabilizing
agents,
inhibitors
etc.
Indicate
CAS
No.,
chemical
name
(
IUPAC
name
is
preferable),
percentage,
if
possible
EINECS
number,
the
component
of
the
UVCB
substance
with
no
defined
composition)
should
be
indicated
here.]

Remarks:
None
*
1.5
QUANTITY
[
Information
on
production
or
import
levels
should
be
provided
in
figures
or
ranges
(
e.
g.
1,000­
5,000;
5,000­
10,000
tonnes,
etc.;
see
SIDS
Manual)
per
responder
or
country
and
the
date
for
which
those
ranges
apply
should
be
given.
For
EU
Member
states,
only
indicate
the
EU
import
figure.
Give
an
estimation
of
the
global
production
quantity
in
the
remarks
field.
Information
on
the
number
of
producers
in
the
country
and
the
source
of
information
should
also
be
given
in
the
remarks
field.)

Remarks:
Over
12
million
tons
produced
in
the
U.
S.
in
2001.
References:
IFDC.
2002.
North
America
Fertilizer
Capacity,
January
2002.
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
15
1.6
LABELING
AND
CLASSIFICATION
(
If
possible,
enter
information
on
labeling
and
classification,
such
as
labeling
and
classification
system,
existence
of
specific
limit,
symbols,
nota,
R­
Phrases
and
S­
Phrases
of
EC
Directive
67/
548/
EEC.
See
HEDSET
Explanatory
Note.)

Labeling
Type:
Directive
67/
548/
EEC
Specific
limits:
Yes
Symbols:
(
C)
Corrosive
R­
phrases:
(
34)
causes
burns
S­
phrases:
(
½
,
26,
45)
Text
of
S­
phrases:
Keep
locked
up
and
out
of
reach
of
children.
In
case
of
contact
with
eyes,
rinse
immediately
with
plenty
of
water
and
seek
medical
advice.
In
case
of
accident
or
if
you
feel
unwell,
seek
medical
advice
immediately
(
show
the
label
when
possible).
References:
Directive
92/
32
of
April
30,
1992.
Official
Journal
of
the
European
Communities,
No.
L154
of
June
5,
1992.
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Landfair,
S.
W.,
Brown,
E.
L.,
Israel,
R.
J.,
and
Kreis,
P.
B.
1993.
The
EC's
seventh
amendment:
Fundamental
changes
in
the
regulation
of
chemical
substances
manufactured
and
imported
into
the
European
community.
International
Environmental
Reporter
0/
49­
8738/
93:
785­
790.

Classification
Type:
Directive
67/
548/
EEC
Category
of
danger:
Corrosive
R­
phrases:
(
34)
causes
burns
References:
Labeling
and
classification
information
cited
in
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
May.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
STNEasy.
1999.
Chemlist
STN
International.
<
http://
www.
cas.
org/
stn.
html>

DOT
Labeling
Hazard
Class:
8
(
corrosive)
Reportable
Quantity:
5000
lbs.
Labels
Required:
Corrosive
Placard:
Corrosive
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
16
References:
J.
R.
Simplot
Company.
1999.
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet:
Phosphoric
Acid.
M12000.
May
1999.

NFPA
Rating
Health:
2
(
hazardous)
Fire:
0
(
will
not
burn)
Reactivity:
0
(
normally
stable)
Specific:
Not
applicable
References:
J.
R.
Simplot
Company.
1999.
Material
Safety
Data
Sheet:
Phosphoric
Acid.
M12000.
May
1999.

*
1.7
USE
PATTERN
A.
General
[
Data
on
use
pattern
have
to
be
given
by
assigning
main
types
according
to
their
exposure
relevance
(
i.
e.
non­
dispersive
use,
use
in
closed
systems,
use
resulting
in
inclusion
into
or
onto
matrix
and
wide
dispersive
use),
industrial
categories
(
e.
g.
basic
chemical
industry,
chemical
industry,
agricultural
industry,
personal
and
domestic
use)
and
use
categories
such
as
coloring
agents,
intermediates,
solvents,
adhesives,
cleaning/
washing
agents,
fertilizers,
impregnation
agents,
surface­
active,
etc.
If
available,
give
an
estimation
of
different
uses
in
percentage
terms.
See
SIDS
Manual
for
guidance.]

Type
of
Use:
Category:

(
a)
main
Dispersive
use
industrial
Agricultural
industry
use
Intermediate
for
phosphate
fertilizers
(
b)
main
Non
dispersive
use
industrial
Chemical
industry
use
Acid
catalyst
in
making
ethylene,
in
dental
cements,
process
engraving,
rustproofing
of
metals,
coagulating
rubber
latex,
in
soaps
and
detergents,
and
in
some
foods.
Reference:
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Phosphoric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

B.
Uses
in
Consumer
Products
[
If
the
chemical
is
present
in
consumer
products
as
marketed,
give
details
of
products'
function
(
e.
g.
detergent,
etc.),
and
percentage
in
product
and
physical
state
of
product
as
marketed
(
e.
g.
aerosol,
powder
or
liquid)]
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
17
Remarks:
Phosphoric
acid
is
used
as
an
acidulant
and
flavor
agent
in
jellies
and
preserves
(
Furia
1972;
NIOSH
1981),
in
soaps
and
detergents
(
ITII
1988),
and
as
a
sequestering,
metal
complexing
or
stabilizing
agent
in
the
food
industry
(
e.
g.,
in
soda)
to
promote
color
retention,
improve
flavor
retention,
and
protect
against
rancidity
(
Kirk­
Othmer
1980).
[
All
citations
as
cited
in
HSDB
1999]
References:
Furia.
1972.
Handbook
of
Food
Additives,
2nd
edition.
p.
619.
ITII.
1988.
Toxic
and
Hazardous
Industry
Chemical
Safety
Manual.
p.
414.
Kirk­
Othmer.
1980.
Encyclopedia
Chemical
Technology,
3rd
edition.
1978­
present.
11:
161.
NIOSH.
1981.
OSHA
Occupational
Health
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
p.
3.

1.8
OCCUPATIONAL
EXPOSURE
LIMIT
VALUE
(
Indicate
the
type
of
occupational
exposure
limit
value
including
short­
term
exposure
limit
value.
If
a
value
does
not
exist,
give
the
hygiene
standard
of
the
producer
company
if
available.
See
also
5.11.)

Exposure
limit
value
Type:
8
hour
Time
Weighted
Average
Value:
1
mg/
m3
Remarks:
OSHA
TWA­
TLV
Reference:
29
CFR
1910.1000.
June
1,
1998.
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
(
NIOSH).
1997.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.

Short
term
exposure
limit
value
Value:
3
mg/
m3
STEL
Length
of
exposure
period:
15­
minutes
Remarks:
ACGIH
TLV
Reference:
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
(
NIOSH).
1997.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.

*
1.9
SOURCES
OF
EXPOSURE
Describe
sources
of
potential
human
[
other
than
concentration
of
chemicals
in
the
workplace
and
indoor
environment
(
see
5.11)],
or
environmental
exposure,
including
emission
data
(
e.
g.
quantities
per
media
with
information
such
as
time
dimensions
of
release,
indication
of
type
of
release
(
e.
g.
point
source
or
diffuse),
type
of
estimating
(
e.
g.
average
or
worst
case,
uncertainties
in
estimation),
for
all
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
18
phases
of
the
life
cycle
of
the
chemical
if
available,
including
manufacturing
and
user
areas.

For
environmental
exposure,
indicate
the
production
process
briefly,
number
the
sites
of
manufacture
and,
the
basis
for
concluding
that
the
process
is
"
closed"
if
applicable.

Also
an
indication
of
measured
exposure
levels
(
expressed
in
an
appropriate
form,
e.
g.
geometric
mean
and
standard
deviation)
can
be
mentioned
here.
Any
information
that
will
help
focus
the
assessment
of
exposure
(
either
qualitative
or
quantitative
in
nature)
can
be
mentioned,
if
available).

(
a)
Remarks:
The
phosphate
minerals
fluorapatite
and
hydroxyapatite
are
the
source
of
phosphorous
for
phosphate
fertilizers.
These
minerals
are
mixed
with
sulfuric,
nitric,
or
hydrochloric
acid
to
produce
the
phosphoric
acid
in
fertilizers.
The
higher
the
ratio
of
sulfuric
acid
(
or
nitric
acid
or
hydrochloric
acid)
to
phosphate
rock,
the
greater
the
percentage
of
phosphoric
acid
in
the
fertilizer.
The
acid
is
concentrated
by
evaporation.
Phosphoric
acid
can
also
be
made
by
smelting
phosphate
rock
with
coke
and
silica
in
an
electric
furnace.
Detergent
and
food
industries
typically
use
the
latter
method.
Phosphoric
acid
can
be
stored
as
a
liquid
in
rubber
­
lined
tanks
before
being
pumped
to
pipe
reactors
for
the
production
of
ammonium
phosphate
for
complex
fertilizer
manufacture.
The
resulting
solid
fertilizer
is
handled
by
industrial
operators,
merchants,
and
farm
workers.
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
International
Agency
for
Research
on
Cancer
(
IARC).
1992.
Occupational
exposures
to
mists
and
vapours
from
sulfuric
acid
and
other
strong
inorganic
acids.
IARC
Monograph
Eval.
Carinogen
Risk
Chem.
Hum.
54.
(
b)
Remarks:
It
should
be
noted
that
phosphoric
acid
has
recently
been
deleted
from
the
Emergency
Planning
and
Community
Right­
to­
Know
(
EPCRA)
Section
313
list
of
toxic
chemicals.
Thus,
it
will
no
longer
need
to
be
reported
under
the
Toxic
Release
Inventory
requirements.
Originally,
phosphoric
acid
was
included
on
the
list
because
releases
of
significant
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
19
quantities
could
stimulate
excess
algal
growth,
which
in
turn
could
deplete
oxygen
levels
(
eutrophication).
However,
a
recent
court
decision
agreed
that
eutrophication
is
not
due
to
any
inherent
toxicity
of
phosphoric
acid,
but
rather
the
stimulatory
effect
is
a
result
of
its
nutrient
value
to
aquatic
plants.
Morley
(
1999)
provides
an
in­
depth
analysis
of
this
issue.
Reference:
Federal
Register
64(
234):
68311­
68314,
December
7,
1999.
Phosphoric
Acid:
Community
Right­
to­
Know
Toxic
Chemical
Release
Reporting:
Proposed
Rule.
Morley,
K.
M.
1999.
Evaluation
of
the
EPA
exposure
assessment
for
phosphoric
acid.
Reg.
Toxicol.
Pharmacol.
29:
309­
318.

1.10
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
A.
Options
for
disposal
[
Mode
of
disposal
(
e.
g.
incineration,
release
to
sewage
system,
etc.)
for
each
category
and
type
of
use,
if
appropriate;
recycling
possibility.]

Remarks:
Can
be
neutralized
with
soda
ash
and
lime.

B.
Other
remarks
Remarks:
No
data
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
20
2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
*
2.1
MELTING
POINT
(
If
more
than
one,
identify
the
recommended
value.)

(
a)
Value:
21
°
C
Decomposition:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
Ambiguous
[
]
Sublimation:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
Ambiguous
[
]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
85%
solution
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Kristensen,
P.
1993.
Inorganic
Acid
Aerosols.
Nordic
Expert
Group
for
Documentation
of
Occupational
Exposure
Limits.
Arbete
Och
Halsa.
1:
7­
54.

(
b)
Value:
42.35oC
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
For
unstable,
orthorhombic
crystals.
References:
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
1996.
Merck
Index.
12th
ed.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.

*
2.2
BOILING
POINT
(
If
more
than
one,
identify
the
recommended
value.)

Value:
158
°
C
Decomposition:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
Ambiguous
[
X]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Other
values
reported
in
IUCLID
range
from
133­
213oC
for
75%
­
100%
H3PO4
solutions.
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
21
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Kristensen,
P.
1993.
Inorganic
Acid
Aerosols.
Nordic
Expert
Group
for
Documentation
of
Occupational
Exposure
Limits.
Arbete
Och
Halsa.
1:
7­
54.

*
2.3
DENSITY
(
Relative
Density)
(
Where
applicable,
indicate
the
relative
density
of
the
substance.)

(
a)
Type:
Bulk
density
[
];
Density
[
X];
Relative
Density
[
]
Value:
1.8741
g/
mL
(
100%
soln.)
Temperature:
25
°
C
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Density
for
other
solutions:
1.685
(
85%),
1.3334
(
50%),
1.0523
(
10%)
References:
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.).
1996.
Merck
Index.
12th
ed.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.

(
b)
Type:
Bulk
density
[
];
Density
[
X];
Relative
Density
[
]
Value:
1.58
 
1.7
Temperature:
20
°
C
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
For
75%
­
85%
solutions.
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

*
2.4
VAPOUR
PRESSURE
(
If
more
than
one,
identify
the
recommended
value)

(
a)
Value:
0.04
hPa
(
0.03
mm
Hg)
Temperature:
20
°
C
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
22
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Kristensen
1993
reports
a
value
of
0.3
kPa
(
2.2
mm
Hg).
References:
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
(
NIOSH).
1997.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.
Kristensen,
P.
1993.
Inorganic
Acid
Aerosols.
Nordic
Expert
Group
for
Documentation
of
Occupational
Exposure
Limits.
Arbete
Och
Halsa.
1:
7­
54.

(
b)
Value:
0.95
 
2
hPa
(
0.71­
1.5
mm
Hg)
Temperature:
20oC
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Not
specified.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Company
studies
dating
back
to
1944
and
reported
in
IUCLID
for
75­
85%
solutions.
A
value
of
40
hPa
at
50oC
was
also
reported.
Reference:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

*
2.5
PARTITION
COEFFICIENT
logPow
(
If
more
than
one,
identify
the
recommended
value)

Remarks:
No
data
*
2.6
WATER
SOLUBILITY
(
If
more
than
one,
identify
the
recommended
value)

A.
Solubility
(
a)
Value:
750­
850
g/
L
Temperature:
20oC
Description:
Miscible
[
X];
Of
very
high
solubility
[
X];
Of
high
solubility
[
];
Soluble
[
];
Slightly
soluble
[
]
Of
low
solubility
[
];
Of
very
low
solubility
[
];
Not
soluble
[
]
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
23
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Reported
as
totally
miscible
in
studies
conducted
by
various
companies
and
reported
in
IUCLID.
Water
solubility
reported
as
"
complete"
by
Kristensen
1993.
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Kristensen,
P.
1993.
Inorganic
Acid
Aerosols.
Nordic
Expert
Group
for
Documentation
of
Occupational
Exposure
Limits.
Arbete
Och
Halsa.
1:
7­
54.

B.
pH
Value,
pKa
Value
(
a)
pH
Value:
1
to
1.5
Concentration:
1
g/
L
to
10
g/
L
Temperature:
20­
25
°
C
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
IUCLID
cites
several
company
in­
house
studies.
Kristensen
reports
a
pH
of
1.5
for
a
0.1
M
solution.
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Kristensen,
P.
1993.
Inorganic
Acid
Aerosols.
Nordic
Expert
Group
for
Documentation
of
Occupational
Exposure
Limits.
Arbete
Och
Halsa.
1:
7­
54.

(
b)
pKa
Value:
pK1
=
2.15;
pK2
=
7.09;
pK3
=
12.32
Remarks:
At
25oC.
Tribasic
acid.
References:
Budavari,
S.
1996.
Merck
Index.
12th
ed.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.

2.7
FLASH
POINT
(
liquids)

Remarks:
Not
flammable
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
24
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

2.8
AUTO
FLAMMABILITY
(
solid/
gases)

Remarks:
Not
flammable
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

2.9
FLAMMABILITY
Results:
Extremely
flammable
[
];
Extremely
flammable
 
liquified
gas
[
];
Highly
flammable
[
];
Flammable
[
];
Non
flammable
[
X];
Spontaneously
flammable
in
air
[
];
Contact
with
water
liberates
highly
flammable
gases
[
];
Other
[
]
Method:
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)
DIN
51584
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
For
85%
solution.
Combustion
by­
products
include
oxides
of
phosphorus.
Flammable
gas
may
form
on
contact
with
metals.
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
25
2.10
EXPLOSIVE
PROPERTIES
Results:
Explosive
under
influence
of
a
flame
[
];
More
sensitive
to
friction
than
m­
dinitrobenzene
[
];
More
sensitive
to
shock
than
m­
dinitrobenzene
[
];
Not
explosive
[
X];
Other
[
]
Method:
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)
Not
specified.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Flammable
gas
formation
with
contact
with
metals
may
give
rise
to
explosive
gas
mixtures
with
air.
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

2.11
OXIDIZING
PROPERTIES
Remarks:
No
data
*
2.12
OXIDATION:
REDUCTION
POTENTIAL
(
Where
applicable,
indicate
the
redox
potential
and
the
conditions
under
which
it
was
measured.)

Remarks:
No
data
2.13
ADDITIONAL
DATA
A.
Partition
co­
efficient
between
soil/
sediment
and
water
(
Kd)

Remarks:
No
data
B.
Other
data
[
e.
g.
Henry's
Law
constant,
fat
solubility,
surface
tension
(
of
aqueous
solution),
adsorption/
desorption
on
soil,
particle
size
distribution,
etc.]
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
26
3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS
[
Reporting
of
studies
should
give
the
test
method,
test
conditions,
(
laboratory
versus
field
studies),
test
results
(
e.
g.
%
degradation
in
specified
time
period)
and
reference.
Information
on
breakdown
products
(
transient
and
stable)
should
be
provided
when
available.]

3.1
STABILITY
*
3.1.1
PHOTODEGRADATION
Remarks:
No
data
*
3.1.2
STABILITY
IN
WATER
(
a)
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
Remarks:
(
e.
g.
CAS
number,
name
and
percentage
of
degradation
products)
Like
any
acid,
phosphoric
acid
undergoes
ionic
dissociation.
It
may
be
reduced
under
anaerobic
conditions
by
certain
bacteria
when
suitably
diluted.
References:
In
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

(
b)
Remarks:
In
the
aquatic
environment,
the
acid
may
affect
the
pH
level
of
the
water
body
and
the
phosphate
entity
may
persist
indefinitely.
The
presence
of
excessive
levels
of
phosphate
in
surface
waters
can
produce
a
fertilizer
action
on
algal
growth
and
produce
algal
blooms,
which
leads
to
eutrophication.
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

3.1.3
STABILITY
IN
SOIL
(
a)
Type:
Field
trial
[
];
Laboratory
[
];
Other
[
X]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
others
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
27
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
Remarks:
When
spilled
onto
soil,
phosphoric
acid
will
infiltrate
downward,
the
rate
being
greater
with
lower
concentration
due
to
reduced
viscosity.
During
transport
through
the
soil,
phosphoric
acid
will
dissolve
some
of
the
soil
material,
in
particular,
carbonate­
based
materials.
The
acid
will
be
neutralized
to
some
degree
with
adsorption
of
the
proton
and
phosphate
ions
also
possible.
However,
significant
amounts
of
acid
will
remain
for
transport
down
toward
the
groundwater
table.
Upon
reaching
the
groundwater
table,
the
acid
will
continue
to
move
in
the
direction
of
groundwater
flow.
A
contaminated
plume
will
be
produced
with
dilution
and
dispersion
serving
to
reduce
the
acid
concentration.
References:
Environment
Canada.
1981.
Technical
Information
for
Problem
Spills:
Phosphoric
Acid.
Ottawa,
Ontario:
Environmental
Protection
Service,
Technical
Services
Branch.
In
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Phosphoric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

(
b)
Remarks:
Phosphorus
is
a
primary
plant
nutrient
supplied
to
plants
as
the
PO4
3­
ion
component
of
phosphoric
acid.
Phosphoric
acid
as
such
reacts
chemically
with
soil
components
of
alkaline
type
to
form
more
or
less
soluble
phosphate
compounds
depending
on
final
pH.
These
compounds
are
mainly
of
the
sparsely
soluble
calcium
type
which
are
used
as
fertilizers.
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

*
3.2
MONITORING
DATA
(
ENVIRONMENTAL)
Note
that
data
on
biological
effects
monitoring,
including
biomagnification,
and
biotransformation
and
kinetics
in
environmental
species
are
to
be
reported
in
section
4.7
and
4.8
respectively.
Nonetheless,
concentration
in
various
biota
should
be
reported
here.
Data
on
concentration
in
the
workplace
or
indoor
environment
should
be
reported
under
5.11.

Remarks:
No
data
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
28
3.3
TRANSPORT
AND
DISTRIBUTION
BETWEEN
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPARTMENTS
INCLUDING
ESTIMATED
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCENTRATIONS
AND
DISTRIBUTION
PATHWAYS
(
e.
g.
during
the
chemical
life­
cycle.
The
information
should
indicate
whether
the
calculation
is
on
a
global
basis
or
is
site­
specific,
and
whether
it
is
based
on
laboratory
measurements
or
field
observations.)
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
29
*
3.3.1
TRANSPORT
Type
of
measurement:
Adsorption
[
];
Desorption
[
];
Volatility
[
];
Other
[
X]
Media:
Water­
soil
Remarks:
Under
acidic
soil
conditions,
sparsely
soluble
phosphates
tend
to
solubilize
and
may
migrate
to
water.
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

*
3.3.2
THEORETICAL
DISTRIBUTION
(
FUGACITY
CALCULATION)

Remarks:
No
data
3.4
IDENTIFICATION
OF
MAIN
MODE
OF
DEGRADABILITY
IN
ACTUAL
USE
Remarks:
No
data
*
3.5
BIODEGRADATION
(
a)
Remarks:
Under
anaerobic
conditions,
certain
microorganisms
may
degrade
the
product
or
related
phosphates
to
phosphine.
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

3.6
BOD5,
COD
OR
RATIO
BOD5/
COD
Remarks:
No
data
3.7
BIOACCUMULATION
Remarks:
No
data
3.8
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
30
A.
Sewage
treatment
(
Information
on
treatability
of
the
substance)

Remarks:
No
data
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
31
B.
Other
information
[
Information
that
will
help
to
focus
the
exposure
assessment
(
either
qualitative
or
quantitative)]

Remarks:
No
data
4.
ECOTOXICITY
*
4.1
ACUTE/
PROLONGED
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
]
Open­
system
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Lepomis
macrochirus
(
bluegill
sunfish)
Exposure
period:
96­
hours
Results:
LC50
(
96h)
=
between
pH
3.0
and
3.5
for
each
of
four
acids.
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Groups
of
eight
fish
were
transferred
into
each
of
five
aquaria
initially
maintained
at
pH
7.5
and
23 
2oC.
After
a
1
week
stabilization
period,
the
fish
in
four
of
the
aquaria
were
subjected
to
increasing
concentrations
of
each
acid,
so
that
a
decremental
pH
series
of
7.5,
5.0,
4.5,
4.0,
3.5,
3.25
and
3.0
was
established.
A
constant
pH
was
maintained
for
each
96
hour
period.
The
remaining
aquarium
remained
at
pH
7.5
throughout
the
testing
regimen.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4),
sulfuric
acid
(
H2SO4),
nitric
acid
(
HNO3),
and
hydrochloric
acid
(
HCl)
Remarks:
The
96
hour
LC50
for
all
acids
was
between
pH
3.5
and
3.0.
No
mortality
was
observed
until
the
pH
reached
3.5.
The
data
indicate
that
the
contribution
by
the
anions
to
fish
toxicity
is
similar.
Thus,
the
quantity
(
and
its
affect
on
pH)
rather
than
the
quality
of
the
acids
is
the
primary
factor
in
fish
toxicity.
In
behavioral
studies
also
reported,
lowered
pH
results
in
the
bluegill
becoming
hypoactive
with
respect
to
swimming
behavior.
References:
Ellgaard,
E.
G.
and
Gilmore,
Jr.,
J.
Y.
1984.
J.
Fish
Biol.
25(
2):
133­
137.
In
European
Commission.
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
32
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

4.2
ACUTE
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
*
A.
Daphnia
(
a)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
]
Open­
system
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Daphnia
magna
and
Daphnia
pulex
Exposure
period:
12
hours
Results:
EC50
=
pH
4.6
(
D.
magna)
and
4.1
(
D.
pulex)
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Daphnids
were
exposed
to
various
pH
levels
of
phosphoric
acids.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
Remarks:
The
survival
rate
depends
on
the
pH
generated
by
the
acid.
References:
Brehm,
M.
1982.
Arch.
Hydrobiol.
95(
1­
4):
17­
27.
In
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

*
B.
Other
aquatic
organisms
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
]
Open­
system
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Gammarus
pulex
(
Amphipod)
Exposure
period:
12
hours
Results:
LC50
=
pH
3.4
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Amphipods
were
exposed
to
various
pH
levels
of
phosphoric
acids.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
33
Remarks:
The
survival
rate
depends
on
the
pH
generated
by
the
addition
of
acid
to
the
media.
The
same
result
was
observed
with
Gammarus
fossarum.
References:
Brehm,
M.
1982.
Arch.
Hydrobiol.
95(
1­
4):
17­
27.
In
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

*
4.3
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
PLANTS,
e.
g.
algae
Remarks:
No
data
4.4
TOXICITY
TO
BACTERIA
(
Single
species
test
and
tests
on
overall
processes
such
as
nitrification
or
soil
respiration
are
included
in
this
item.)

Type:
Aquatic
[
X];
Field
[
];
Soil
[
];
Other
[
]
Species:
Activated
sludge
Exposure
period:
Not
specified
Results:
EC50
=
270
mg/
L
(
pH:
2.55)
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updated
of
the
method
used)]
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
Remarks:
The
270
mg/
L
is
equivalent
to
a
pH
of
approximately
2.8.
For
protozoa,
the
LC50
value
was
240
mg/
L.
References:
Iishi,
Kaji,
and
Noguchi.
1981.
Suishitsu
Odaku
Kengyu
4:
197­
203.
In
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

4.5
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
ORGANISMS
4.5.1
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
(
Effects
on
reproduction,
embryo/
larva,
etc.)

Remarks:
No
data
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
34
(*)
4.5.2
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
(
e.
g.
Daphnia
reproduction.
The
need
to
conduct
tests
for
this
endpoint
will
depend
upon
possible
concern
for
long
term
effects.)

Remarks:
No
data
4.6
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
ORGANISMS
4.6.1
TOXICITY
TO
SOIL
DWELLING
ORGANISMS
Remarks:
No
data
4.6.2
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
PLANTS
Remarks:
The
foliage
of
peas,
beans,
beets,
rapeseed,
and
weeds
was
destroyed
when
sprayed
with
a
15­
20%
solution
of
aqueous
phosphoric
acid.
References:
Environment
Canada.
1982.
Technical
Information
for
Problem
Spills:
Phosphoric
Acid.
Draft.
Ottawa,
Ontario:
Environmental
Protection
Service,
Technical
Services
Branch.
In
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database
and,
In
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Phosphoric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

4.6.3
TOXICITY
TO
OTHER
NON
MAMMALIAN
TERRESTRIAL
SPECIES
(
INCLUDING
AVIAN)

Remarks:
No
data
4.7
BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
MONITORING
(
INCLUDING
BIOMAGNIFICATION)
[
Studies
on
variation
of
predominant
species
in
certain
ecosystems
(
e.
g.
mesocosm)
and
monitoring
of
biological
effects
are
included.]

Remarks:
No
data
4.8
BIOTRANSFORMATION
AND
KINETICS
(
Under
this
item,
studies
on
absorption,
distribution,
metabolism
and
excretion
etc.
should
be
given.)
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
35
Remarks:
No
data
4.9
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
Remarks:
Increased
acidity
can
have
sublethal
effects
on
fish
such
as
cessation
of
reproduction,
changes
in
growth
rate,
and
skeletal
deformities.
Acidic
conditions
can
also
be
directly
toxic
to
fish.
Below
pH
3,
acidity
causes
coagulation
of
mucus
on
fish
gill
surfaces,
resulting
in
subsequent
anoxia
or
respiratory
failure.
At
slightly
higher
pH,
fish
mortality
is
due
to
a
decrease
in
sodium
and
chloride
ions
and
an
increase
in
hydrogen
ions
in
the
blood.
However,
toxicity
may
be
attributed
to
the
anions
as
well
as
increased
acidity.
A
comparison
study
revealed
that
sulfuric
acid
is
most,
nitric
and
hydrochloric
acids
are
moderate,
and
phosphoric
acid
is
the
least
toxic
to
fish.
The
difference
in
the
toxic
effect
of
these
acids
may
be
due
to
the
anions
produced
on
the
dissociation
of
the
acids,
but
further
studies
are
necessary
to
draw
firm
conclusions.
References:
Alkahem,
H.
F.
1989.
Effect
of
different
acids
on
the
freshwater
fish,
Aphanius
dispar.
J.
Biol.
Sci.
Res.
20(
3):
537­
545.
Ellgaard,
E.
G.
and
Gilmore,
J.
Y.
1984.
Effects
of
different
acids
on
the
bluegill
sunfish,
Lepomis
macrochirus
Rafinesque.
J.
Fish
Biol.
25:
133­
137.

5.
TOXICITY
(
Where
observations
on
humans
are
available,
these
should
be
entered
in
the
appropriate
"
comments"
section
or
under
section
5.11.)

*
5.1
ACUTE
TOXICITY
5.1.1
ACUTE
ORAL
TOXICITY
(
a)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rat
Value:
1,530
mg/
kg
bw
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
36
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
Not
specified.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
References:
ITII.
Tox.
&
Hazard
Indus.
Chem.
Safety
Manual.
1988.
p.
414.
In
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
BIOFAX
Ind.
1970.
Bio­
Test
Lab.
17­
4/
70.
In
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database,
and
In
Registry
of
Toxic
Effects
(
RTECS).
1999.
Phosphoric
Acid.
National
Technical
Information
Service,
Springfield,
VA.

(
b)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
X]
Species/
strain:
Sheep
Value:
See
remarks
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
Remarks:
Doses
of
up
to
50
mg/
kg
bw/
day
administered
in
the
drinking
water
produced
no
adverse
effects.
Levels
of
100
mg/
kg
bw/
day
caused
loss
of
weight
and
death.
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

5.1.2
ACUTE
INHALATION
TOXICITY
(
a)
Type:
LC0
[
];
LC100
[
];
LC50
[
X];
LCL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rabbit,
rat,
mouse,
guinea
pig
Exposure
period:
1
hour
Value:
LC50
(
rabbit)
=
1689
mg/
m3
(
as
P2O5)
LC50
(
rat)
=
1217
mg/
m3
(
as
P2O5)
LC50
(
mouse)
=
271
mg/
m3
(
as
P2O5)
LC50
(
guinea
pig)
=
61
mg/
m3
(
as
P2O5)
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
Not
specified
(
1981)
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
37
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

(
b)
Type:
LC0
[
];
LC100
[
];
LC50
[
X];
LCL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rat
Exposure
period:
1
hour
Value:
>
850
mg/
m3
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
Not
specified.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
References:
BIOFAX
Ind.
Bio­
Test
lab
[
17­
4/
1970].
In
Registry
of
Toxic
Effects
(
RTECS).
1999.
Phosphoric
Acid.
National
Technical
Information
Service,
Springfield,
VA.

5.1.3
ACUTE
DERMAL
TOXICITY
(
a)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rabbit
Value:
2,740
mg/
kg
b.
w.
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
Not
specified.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
References:
BIOFAX
Ind.
Bio­
Test
Lab
[
17­
4/
1970]
(
cited
in
European
Commission
1996
and
RTECS).
In
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database,
and
In
Registry
of
Toxic
Effects
(
RTECS).
1999.
Phosphoric
Acid.
National
Technical
Information
Service,
Springfield,
VA.

(
b)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
X];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rabbit
Value:
LD50
(
85%
solution)
=
>
1,260
mg/
kg
b.
w.
LD50
(
80%
solution)
=
>
3,160
mg/
kg
b.
w.
LD50
(
75%
solution)
=
>
3,160
mg/
kg
b.
w.
LDL0
(
85%
solution)
=
2,000
mg/
kg
b.
w.
LDL0
(
80%
solution)
=
5,010
mg/
kg
b.
w.
LDL0
(
75%
solution)
=
5,010
mg/
kg
b.
w.
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
38
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
Phosphoric
acid
was
applied
to
the
clipped
skin
of
albino
rabbits
for
24­
hours.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
References:
Randall,
D.
J.
and
Robinson,
E.
C.
1990.
Acute
toxic
evaluation
of
various
concentrations
of
phosphoric
acid.
1(
1):
69­
70.
In
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

5.1.4
ACUTE
TOXICITY
BY
OTHER
ROUTES
OF
ADMINISTRATION
(
e.
g.
subcutaneous,
intravenous,
etc.)

Remarks:
No
data
5.2
CORROSIVENESS/
IRRITATION
5.2.1
SKIN
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
(
a)
Species/
strain:
Rabbit
Results:
Highly
corrosive
[
];
Corrosive
[
X];
Highly
irritating
[
];
Irritating
[
];
Moderately
irritating
[
];
Slightly
irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
]
Classification:
(
if
possible,
according
to
EC
Directive
67/
548/
EEC)
Highly
corrosive
(
causes
severe
burns)
[
];
Corrosive
(
causes
burns)
[
X];
Irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
Application
of
0.5
mL
of
commercial
product
to
clipped
skin
of
New
Zealand
albino
rabbits
under
semi­
occlusive
dressings
for
24­
hours.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
Remarks:
Solutions
from
75­
85%
phosphoric
acid
were
corrosive
to
skin.
References:
Randall,
D.
J.
and
Robinson,
E.
C.
1990.
Skin
irritation
tests
on
various
concentrations
of
phosphoric
acid.
1(
2):
98­
99.
In
European
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
39
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

(
b)
Species/
strain:
Rabbit
Results:
Highly
corrosive
[
];
Corrosive
[
];
Highly
irritating
[
X];
Irritating
[
];
Moderately
irritating
[
];
Slightly
irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
]

Classification:
(
if
possible,
according
to
EC
Directive
67/
548/
EEC)
Highly
corrosive
(
causes
severe
burns)
[
];
Corrosive
(
causes
burns)
[
X];
Irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
The
skin
of
rabbits
was
treated
with
95
mg
of
phosphoric
acid
for
24­
hours.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
Remarks:
BIOFAX
describes
the
effect
observed
as
severe.
No
other
data
is
provided.
References:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

(
c)
Remarks:
Dermal
irritancy
for
different
aqueous
solutions
was
tested
on
rabbits
including
phosphoric
acid.
The
irritation/
corrosion
was
proportional
to
the
concentration.
References:
Dermal
irritancy/
corrosion
of
20
compounds
in
aqueous
solutions
Report
FOA­
E­
40023
1986.
Available
NITS
Gov.
Rep.
Index
86(
7).
In
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

5.2.2
EYE
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
(
a)
Species/
strain:
New
Zealand
albino
rabbit
Results:
Highly
corrosive
[
];
Corrosive
[
];
Highly
irritating
[
];
Irritating
[
];
Moderately
irritating
[
];
Slightly
irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
X]
Classification:
(
if
possible,
according
to
EC
Directive
67/
548/
EEC)
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
40
Irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
X];
Risk
of
serious
damage
to
eyes
[
]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
OECD
Guideline
405
(
1988).
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
Remarks:
Test
10%
and
17%
dilutions.
Scored
using
Draize
scoring
criteria.
References:
Jacobs,
G.
A.
1992.
Two
dilutions
of
phosphoric
acid
tested
on
the
eye.
J.
Am.
Coll.
Toxicol.
11(
6):
724.

(
b)
Species/
strain:
Rabbit
Results:
Highly
corrosive
[
];
Corrosive
[
];
Highly
irritating
[
X];
Irritating
[
];
Moderately
irritating
[
];
Slightly
irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
]
Classification:
(
if
possible,
according
to
EC
Directive
67/
548/
EEC)
Irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
];
Risk
of
serious
damage
to
eyes
[
X]
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
Not
described
(
1970).
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
Remarks:
The
effects
observed
when
rabbit's
eyes
were
exposed
to
119
mg
phosphoric
acid
were
severe.
No
other
data
are
given.
References:
BIOFAX
Ind.
Bio­
Test
Lab
17­
4/
70.
In
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

5.3
SKIN
SENSITIZATION
Remarks:
No
data
*
5.4
REPEATED
DOSE
TOXICITY
Remarks:
No
data
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
41
*
5.5
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VITRO
A.
Bacterial
Test
Type:
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
System
of
testing:
Salmonella
typhimurium
TA97,
TA98,
TA100,
TA104
Concentration:
0.5,
1.0
and
2.0
 L/
plate
Metabolic
activation:
With
[
];
Without
[
];
With
and
Without
[
X];
No
Data
[
X]
Results:
Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
With
metabolic
activator
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Without
metabolic
activator
[
]
[
]
[
X]

Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
Standard
Ames
test
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
Remarks:
None
of
the
samples
tested
were
mutagenic.
References:
Al
Ani,
F.
Y.
and
Al
Lami,
S.
K.
1988.
Absence
of
mutagenic
activity
of
acidity
regulators
in
the
Ames
Salmonella/
microsome
test.
Mutat.
Res.
206(
4):
467­
470.

B.
Non­
bacterial
in
vitro
test
Type:
Sea
urchin
embryo
and
sperm
assays
System
of
testing:
Sphaerechinus
granularis
and
Paracentrotas
lividus
Concentration:
pH
5.5
to
7.5
Method:
Triplicate
cultures
of
sea
urchin
gametes
and
embryos
were
obtained
from
individual
adults,
whereas
sperm
pretreatment
experiments
were
performed
by
fertilizing
the
eggs
from
an
individual
female
with
sperm
batches
pooled
from
three
to
five
males.
Embryos
were
cultured
in
the
dark.
Dilution
water
was
acidified
to
approximately
pH
5.
Effects
of
pH
were
evaluated.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
Remarks:
In
a
study
on
the
effect
of
pH
on
the
induction
of
mitotic
aberrations
in
sea
urchins,
an
increase
in
aberrations
was
observed
at
pH#
6.5.
A
similar
genotoxic
effect
was
observed
with
sulfuric,
hydrochloric,
and
phosphoric
acids,
indicating
that
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
42
pH
rather
than
the
anion
was
responsible
for
the
effect.
References:
Cipollaro,
M.,
Corsate,
G.,
Esposito,
A.,
Ragucci,
E.,
Staiano,
N.,
Guiordano,
G.
G.,
and
Pagano,
G.
1986.
Sublethal
pH
decrease
may
cause
genetic
damage
to
eukaryotic
cell:
A
study
on
sea
urchins
and
Salmonella
typhimurium.
Teratog.
Carcinog.
Mutagen.
6:
275­
287.

*
5.6
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VIVO
Remarks:
No
data
5.7
CARCINOGENICITY
Remarks:
No
data
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
43
5.8
TOXICITY
TO
REPRODUCTION
Type:
Fertility
[
];
One­
generation
study
[
X];
Twogeneration
study
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rat
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
Route
of
Administration:
Oral
feed
Exposure
period:
29
weeks
Frequency
of
treatment:
Diets
containing
375
mg/
kg
bw/
day
Duration
of
the
test
29­
weeks
Doses:
180­
375
mg/
kg
bw/
day
Control
group:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
NOEL
Parental:
375
mg/
kg
bw/
day
NOEL
F1
Offspring:
375
mg/
kg
bw/
day
Results:
See
remarks
Method:
[
e.
g.
OECD,
other
(
with
the
year
of
publication
or
updating
of
the
method
used)]
Rats
were
fed
0.75%
phosphoric
acid
in
feed
daily
for
29
weeks.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
Remarks:
The
higher
dietary
level
of
375
mg/
kg
bw/
day
apparently
had
no
harmful
effect
on
growth
of
offspring.
References:
Hoechst
AG
(
1994)
internal
study.
In
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

*
5.9
DEVELOPMENTAL
TOXICITY/
TERATOGENICITY
Remarks:
No
data
5.10
OTHER
RELEVANT
INFORMATION
A.
Specific
toxicities
(
a)
Type:
Chinese
hamster
V79
lung
cells
Test
substance:
Phosphoric
acid
(
H3PO4)
Remarks:
Effects
of
phosphoric
acid
on
the
growth,
survival
rate,
and
macromolecular
synthesis
of
mammalian
cells
of
the
Chinese
hamster
V79
lung
cells
were
examined
as
a
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
44
measure
of
cytotoxicity.
All
effects
appeared
suddenly
at
or
above
30
mM
in
a
short
time.
References:
Iijima,
Horii,
Kanemaki,
et
al.
1993.
Cytotoxicity
of
phosphoric
acid
on
cultured
mammalian
cells.
Shigaku.
80(
5):
1159­
1165.
In
European
Commission
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
(
b)
Type:
Neurotoxicity
Remarks:
Very
high
doses
lead
to
physiological
disturbances
translated
as
phosphate
toxicity
which
can
produce
central
nervous
system
involvement.
This
is
manifested
by
convulsions,
delirium,
and
coma.
Reference:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

B.
Other
Remarks:
The
hydrogen
ion
(
H+)
is
the
active
component
in
the
inorganic
acids
for
endpoints
including
pulmonary
mechanics,
mucociliary
clearance,
alveolar
clearance,
and
macrophage
function.
The
anions
of
the
acids
are
essential
elements,
with
low
toxicity.
The
hydrogen
ion
effects
airway
mucus,
which
protects
underlying
tissues
in
the
airways
by
absorbing
H+.
High
molecular
glycoproteins
are
the
main
buffers.
Mucus
that
is
acidified
will
have
an
increased
viscosity
compared
to
the
mucus
with
high
buffer
capacity.
Increased
mucus
viscosity
has
also
been
linked
to
increased
airway
resistance
and
reduced
pulmonary
gas
exchange.
References:
Holma,
B.
1989.
Effects
of
inhaled
acids
on
airway
mucus
and
its
consequences
for
health.
Environ.
Health
Perspect.
79:
109­
113.
In
Kristensen,
P.
1993.
Inorganic
acid
aerosols.
Nordic
Expert
Group
for
Documentation
of
Occupational
Exposure
Limits.
Arbete
och
Halsa
1:
7­
54.

B.
Toxicodynamics,
toxicokinetics
Type:
Acid
aerosols
(
sulfuric,
nitric,
phosphoric,
hydrochloric)
Remarks:
The
critical
effects
of
acid
aerosols
are
acute
and
chronic
irritation
of
the
airways.
Etching
and
erosion
of
teeth
occur
at
exposure
levels
well
above
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
45
levels
that
induce
airway
effects.
Concerning
the
role
of
acid
aerosols
in
the
development
of
chronic
bronchitis,
the
most
important
findings
are
in
animal
experiments,
while
observational
studies
in
humans
so
far
are
of
most
value
in
the
evaluation
of
cancer
as
an
endpoint.

There
seems
to
be
agreement
that
the
hydrogen
ion
plays
a
crucial
role
in
the
pathogenesis
of
irritant
reaction
from
the
airways,
but
it
is
still
with
some
uncertainty
that
acid
aerosols
as
such
can
be
evaluated
together.
There
is
also
an
agreement
that
response
is
dependent
on
deposition
site,
and
particle
size
and
other
factors
that
deposition
site
is
dependent
on.
There
is
still
uncertainty,
however,
as
the
liquid
particles
are
not
of
fixed
size.
There
are
also
indications
that
the
quality
of
the
particle
may
play
a
role,
with
more
potent
responses
from
metal
particles
coated
with
acids.

There
is
evidence
that
long­
term
low­
concentration
exposure
of
acid
aerosols,
as
low
as
approximately
0.1
mg
m­
3,
play
a
role
in
the
development
of
chronic
bronchitis.
Most
important
is
the
effect
on
mucociliary
clearance.
Animals
exposed
long­
term
to
concentrations
below
0.5
mg
­
3
exhibit
histological
changes.
For
example,
bronchiolar
wall
thickening
has
been
found
in
monkeys
and
narrowing
of
small
caliber
airways
has
been
observed
in
rabbits.
Changes
in
mucus
secretory
cells
and
increase
in
the
number
of
secretory
cells
during,
and
for
months
after,
long­
term
exposures
are
also
findings
indicative
of
a
chronic
inflammatory
response.

The
role
of
acid
aerosols
for
acute
airway
responses
is
less
clear.
The
triggering
of
marked
bronchoconstriction
has
not
been
convincingly
demonstrated
in
human
volunteers,
healthy
or
asthmatic,
unless
exposure
concentrations
have
been
very
high.
Exposures
to
very
high
concentrations
can
undoubtedly
induce
bronchial
hyperreactivity,
but
as
low
concentrations
(
0.25
mg­
3)
this
has
only
been
demonstrated
in
rabbits.
It
is
not
easy
to
interpret
the
more
limited
effects
in
increased
airway
resistance
and
increased
responsiveness
to
cholinergic
challenge
that
has
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
46
been
found
in
some,
but
not
all,
studies
in
exercising
asthmatics
during
low
exposures
(
0.05­
0.5
mg
m­
3).
The
discrepancies
over
studies
may,
at
least
in
part,
be
due
to
considerable
intersubject
variation.
References:
Kristensen,
P.
1993.
Inorganic
acid
aerosols.
Nordic
Expert
Group
for
Documentation
of
Occupational
Exposure
Limits.
Arbete
och
Hälsa:
1,
pp
7­
54.

*
5.11
EXPERIENCE
WITH
HUMAN
EXPOSURE
[
Describe
information
on
workplace
exposure
such
as
concentration
of
chemicals
in
the
workplace
or
indoor
environment
(
manufacturing,
maintenance
and
professional
use),
number
of
workers
(
in
ranges
for
each
situation),
frequency
and
duration
of
exposure,
if
available.
In
addition,
enter
details
of
effects
of
accidental
or
occupational
exposure,
epidemiological
and
clinical
studies,
case
reports,
etc.]

(
a)
Remarks:
Symptomatology
(
after
ingestion
or
skin
contact
at
high
concentrations):
1)
Corrosion
of
mucous
membranes
of
mouth,
throat,
and
esophagus,
with
immediate
pain
and
dysphagia;
2)
Epigastric
pain,
which
may
be
associated
with
nausea
and
the
vomiting
of
mucoid
and
"
coffee­
ground"
material;
3)
Ulceration
of
all
membranes
and
tissues
with
which
the
acid
comes
in
contact;
4)
Circulatory
collapse
with
clammy
skin,
weak
and
rapid
pulse,
shallow
respirations,
and
scanty
urine;
5)
Asphyxial
death
due
to
glottic
edema;
6)
Late
esophageal,
gastric
and
pyloric
strictures
and
stenoses;
and
7)
Uncorrected
circulatory
collapse
of
several
hours'
duration
may
lead
to
renal
failure
and
ischemic
lesions
in
the
liver
and
heart.
Reference:
Gosselin.
CTCP
5th
Ed.
1984.
II­
202.
In
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Phosphoric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

(
b)
Remarks:
Although
exposure
to
phosphoric
acid
may
result
in
effects
attributable
to
the
acid
component,
there
is
no
evidence
that
phosphorus
poisoning
can
occur
on
exposure
to
phosphoric
acid.
The
FAO/
WHO
Expert
Committee
on
Food
Additives
recommended
levels
for
total
dietary
phosphorus
level
of
less
than
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
47
30
mg/
kg
bw
is
considered
safe
in
any
type
of
diet.
The
conditional
acceptance
level
of
30­
70
mg/
kg
is
appropriate
only
when
dietary
calcium
intake
is
high.
Reference:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

(
c)
Remarks:
10,000
mg/
m3
is
considered
immediately
dangerous
to
life
or
health
as
classified
by
NIOSH.
Inhalation
of
mists
of
phosphoric
acid
can
be
irritating
to
the
upper
respiratory
tract,
however
production
of
pulmonary
edema
is
not
likely.
Reference:
European
Commission.
1996.
Phosphoric
Acid.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

(
d)
Remarks:
Because
phosphoric
acid
has
a
low
vapor
pressure
at
room
temperature,
it
is
not
irritating
to
the
eyes
or
respiratory
tract
unless
it
is
introduced
into
the
atmosphere
as
a
spray
or
mist.
Reference:
NIOSH
OSHA.
Occupat.
Health
Guide
Chem.
Hazards.
1981.
p.
2.
In
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Phosphoric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

(
e)
Remarks:
Phosphoric
acid
may
irritate
and
injure
the
eyes,
owing
to
its
acidity,
but
systemically
phosphate
has
no
poisonous
action
on
the
eye.
Tested
on
human
eyes,
0.16
M
orthophosphoric
acid
buffered
to
pH
2.5
caused
a
moderate
brief
stinging
sensation
but
no
injury
when
applied
as
a
single
drop.
A
drop
of
the
same
solution
adjusted
to
pH
3.4
caused
no
discomfort.
Reference:
Grant.
Tox.
of
the
Eye.
1986.
p.
733.
In
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Phosphoric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

(
f)
Remarks:
Phosphoric
acid
has
been
used
in
the
treatment
of
lead
poisoning
and
other
conditions
where
mild
acidosis
is
desired,
such
as
the
prevention
of
kidney
stones.
It
has
been
administered
at
a
rate
as
high
as
60
ml
daily.
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
48
Reference:
Budavari,
S.
(
ed.)
1996.
The
Merck
Index.
12th
ed.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.
Hazardous
Substances
Database
(
HSDB).
1999.
Phosphoric
Acid.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
Von
Burg,
R.
1992.
Phosphoric
acid/
phosphates
a
review.
Appl.
Tox.
12(
4):
301­
303.
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
49
6.
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P.
1993.
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och
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North
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January
2002.

Iijima,
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Kanemaki,
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mammalian
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1159­
1165.

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Kaji,
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1981.
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Odaku
Kengyu
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203.
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Agency
for
Research
on
Cancer
(
IARC).
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Occupational
exposures
to
mists
and
vapours
from
sulfuric
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and
other
strong
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Carcinogen
Risk
Chem.
Hum.
54.

ITII.
Tox.
&
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414.
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R.
Simplot
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M12000.
May
1999.

Jacobs,
G.
A.
1992.
Two
dilutions
of
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acid
tested
on
the
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J.
Am.
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11(
6):
724.

Kirk­
Othmer.
1980.
Encyclopedia
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3rd
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E.
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1994
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Kristensen,
P.
1993.
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Chemical
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S.
W.,
Brown,
E.
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R.
J.,
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B.
1993.
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Fundamental
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the
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of
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93:
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790.

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Evaluation
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309­
318.

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(
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1996.
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303.
APPENDIX
A
­
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
Explanation
of
Appendix
A
Appendix
A
is
a
SIDS
Data
Summary
table
that
provides
an
overview
of
availability
and
quality
of
the
data
used
in
this
Health
and
Environmental
Safety
Data
Summary
for
Phosphoric
Acid.
Y
(
Yes)
and
N
(
No)
designations
indicate
whether
data
are
available
that
meet
the
criteria
for
each
column.
The
columns
are
described
as:

Information:
Data
exist
that
were
useful
for
describing
the
data
element.
These
data
may
be
from
standard
laboratory
tests
or
from
generally
recognized
published
sources
or
professional
experience.

OECD
Study:
The
data
were
developed
using
standard
OECD
or
essentially
similar
(
e.
g.,
EPA
harmonized
protocols)
guidelines.

GLP:
The
data
were
developed
under
standard
Good
Laboratory
Practice
provisions.
These
generally
represent
the
highest
quality
data.

Other
Study:
Studies
were
conducted
that
could
not
be
definitively
identified
as
following
OECD
or
GLP
protocols.
These
studies
were
included
when
they
were
determined
to
be
of
adequate
quality
and
provided
relevant
information
to
the
characterization
of
the
compound.

Estimation
Method:
In
some
cases,
data
may
be
estimated
using
established
structure
activity
relationships.
These
methods
are
common
for
physical­
chemical
parameters
such
as
octanol­
water
partition
coefficients
and
water
solubility.

Acceptable:
This
column
indicates
whether
the
data
are
deemed
acceptable
by
standard
acceptability
criteria
and
professional
judgment.
Only
the
data
meeting
adequacy
standards
are
included
in
this
summary
document.

SIDS
Testing
Recommended:
This
column
indicates
whether
additional
testing
is
recommended
based
on
an
evaluation
of
the
available
data
summarized
in
this
document.
It
is
not
necessary
to
fill
all
of
the
apparent
data
gaps
in
order
to
adequately
characterize
the
inherent
hazard
of
chemicals.
Information
from
other
data
elements
and
from
other
chemicals
in
the
category,
along
with
professional
judgment,
are
useful
in
the
final
determination
of
the
need
for
further
testing.
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)
SIDS
DATA
AVAILABILITY
SUMMARY
Date:
January
27,
2002
Phosphoric
Acid
CAS
No:
7664­
38­
2
Information
OECD
Study
GLP
Other
Study
Estimation
Method
Acceptable
SIDS
Testing
Recommended
STUDY
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Physical­
Chemical
Data
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.12
Melting
Point
Boiling
Point
Density
Vapour
Pressure
Partition
Coefficient
Water
Solubility
PH
and
pKa
Values
Oxidation:
Reduction
Potential
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
Y
­
Y
Y
­
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
OTHER
P/
C
STUDIES
RECEIVED
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
3.1.2
3.2
3.3
3.5
Photodegradation
Stability
in
Water
Monitoring
Data
Transport
and
Distribution
Biodegradation
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
­
Y
­
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
OTHER
ENV
FATE
STUDIES
RECEIVED
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.5.2
4.6.1
4.6.2
4.6.3
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Acute
toxicity
to
Daphnia
Toxicity
to
Algae
Chronic
toxicity
to
Daphnia
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
Toxicity
to
Birds
Y
Y
N
N
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
­
­
­
Y
­
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
OTHER
ECOTOXICITY
STUDIES
RECEIVED
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
TOXICITY
5.1.1
5.1.2
5.1.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.8
5.9
5.11
Acute
Oral
Acute
Inhalation
Acute
Dermal
Repeated
Dose
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Reproduction
Toxicity
Development/
Teratogenicity
Human
Experience
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
Y
Y
N
Y
N
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
Y
Y
Y
­

Y
Y
­
Y
­
Y
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
N
OTHER
TOXICITY
STUDIES
RECEIVED
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
APPENDIX
B
­
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
Acids
Category
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2002
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
­
41.59oC
21
(
85%
solution)
10oC
2.2
Boiling
Point
83
°
C
at
1
atm
158oC
280­
290oC
at
1
atm
2.3
Density
15.1
g/
mL
at
25
°
C
1.87
g/
mL
at
25oC
1.84
x
10­
6
g/
mL
at
20oC
2.4
Vapour
Pressure
62
mm
Hg
at
25
°
C
(
low
volatility)
0.03­
1.5
mm
Hg
at
20oC
(
low
volatility)
7.5
x
10­
4
mm
Hg
at
20oC
(
low
volatility)

2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
OECD
Guideline
107,
GLP
­
2.3
at
25
°
C
2.6A
Water
Solubility
1
x
106
mg/
L
at
25
°
C
(
highly
soluble)
750­
850
g/
L
(
highly
soluble)
Miscible
(
highly
soluble)

2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
pH:
1.0
at
0.1
M
pKa:
­
1.4
pH:
1­
1.5
at
1­
10
g/
L
pK1:
2.15;
pK2;

7.09;
pK3
12.32
at
25oC
pH:
0.3
at
49
g/
L
pK1:
­
3;
pK2
1.92
at
25oC
2.7
Flash
Point
Non­
flammable
Non­
flammable
Non­
flammable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Non­
flammable
Non­
flammable
Non­
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Non­
flammable
DIN
51584
Non­
flammable
Non­
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Not
explosive
Possible
with
contact
with
metals
Not
explosive
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Oxidizes
Powerful
acidic
oxidizer
2.13B
Henry's
Law
Constant
2.45
x
106
atm*
m3/
mol
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2002
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Dissociates
into
its
respective
ions
(
H+;
NO3
­)
Ionic
dissociation
in
water
Dissociates
in
water
to
form
sulfate
salts,

especially
with
calcium
and
magnesium
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Dissolves
some
soil
material
(
carbonates)
Dissolves
some
soil
material,
in
particular
carbonate­
based
materials
3.2
Monitoring
Data
Average
concentration
of
13.5
µ
g/
m3
for
urban
eastern
U.
S.

3.3
Transport
and
Distribution
Dissolves
carbonates;
nitrate
ions
taken
up
by
plants
stimulate
growth
Under
acidic
soil
conditions,

sparsely
soluble
phosphates
tend
to
solubilize
and
may
migrate
to
water
Dissolves
in
the
atmosphere;
highly
mobile
in
soil
and
can
dissolve
carbonate­
based
materials
3.5
Biodegradation
Under
anaerobic
conditions,
microorganisms
may
degrade
the
product
to
phosphine
Sulfate­
reducing
bacteria
break
down
sulfuric
acid
3.6
BOD5
Does
not
cause
a
biochemical
oxygen
demand
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2002
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
A.
dispar
(
freshwater
fish)

S.
gairdneri
(
rainbow
trout)
96­
hr.

semistatic
7­
day
semistatic
LC50
(
96
hr)
=
pH
3.7.
LC50
(
7
days)
=
pH
4.0
L.
macrochirus
(
bluegill
sunfish)
96­
hr.
static
LC50
=
pH
3.0
­

3.5
L.
macrochirus
(
bluegill),

A.
dispar
S.
gairdneri
(
rainbow
trout)

B.
rerio
G.
affinis
(
mosquito
fish)
96­
hr
semistatic
96­
hr
semi­

static,
Continuous
or
pulsed
96­
hr
static,

OECD
Guideline
203
96­
hr
static
LC50
=
pH
3.0­

3.84
LC50
=
3.7­
4.41
LC50
=
500
mg/
L
(
pH
2.29)

LC50
=
42
mg/
L
(
pH
3.37)

4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
D.
magna
D.
pulex
G.
pulex
(
amphipod)
12­
hr.
static
12­
hr.
static
12­
hr.
static
EC50
=
pH
4.6
EC50
=
pH
4.1
LC50
=
pH
3.4
Daphnia
magna
24­
hr
static,

ISO
6341
15
64­
hr
static
EC50
=
29
mg/
L
(
pH
3.5)

EC100
=
88
mg/
L
(
pH
3.05)

4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
N.
palea
(
diatom)
28­
day
growth
in
lab
culture
tube
Inhibited
growth
of
diatoms
at
6.3
mg/
L
N.
palea
(
diatom)
28­
day
growth
in
lab
culture
tube
Growth
inhibition
as
determined
by
cell
count
observed
at
10
mg/
L
(
pH:

3.99)

4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
Subarctic
field
study
Total
biomass
was
dependent
on
pH
Activated
sludge
EC50
=
pH
2.55
Activated
sludge
120­
hr
EC50
=
58
mg/
L
(
pH:
3.23)
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2002
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
S.
fontinalis
(
brook
trout)

C.
carpio,
P.

altivelis,
O.

masou,
S.

pluvius
90­
day
semistatic
pulsed
96­
hr,
larvae
&

fry
exposed
H+
sensitivity
changed
with
developmental
stage
EC50
(
reproduction
rate)
=
~
pH
4.0
­

5.2;
LC50
(
mortality
of
larvae
and
fry)
=
~
pH
3.6
­
5
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
Bacteria
Subarctic
field
study
Total
biomass
was
dependent
on
pH.

4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
Peas,
beans,

beets,
rapeseed,

and
weeds
Sprayed
with
15
 
20%

solution
of
H3PO4
Foliage
was
destroyed
on
all
plants
N.
arcticum
(
lichen),
Peltigera.

spp.
(
lichen),

E.
nigrum
(
dwarf
shrub)
and
V.
vitisidaea
(
dwarf
shrub).
Simulated
acid
rain
field
study
in
northern
Finland,
10
growing
seasons
Decrease
in
cover
of
foliose
lichens
and
reduction
in
nitrogen­
fixing
activity
for
nitrogen­
fixing
lichens.
No
longterm
negative
effects
on
fructiose
lichens
reported.

A
pH
of
3
reduced
reproductive
output
of
V.

vitisidaea
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2002
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
Sheep
up
to
100
mg/
kg
bw/
day
LD50
=
1,530
mg/
kg
bw
100
mg/
kg
bw/
day
caused
loss
of
weight
and
death
Rat
OECD
Guideline
401
LD50
=
2,140
mg/
kg
bw;
>
5,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Rat
4
hour
single
dose
LC50
=
65­
67
ppm
NO2
Guinea
pig,

mouse,
rat,

rabbit
1­
hr
LC50
=
61­
1,689
mg/
m3
P2O5
Guinea
pig
Rabbit
Rat
1­
hr,
8­
hr
1­
hr
1­
hr
18­
61
mg/
m3
Can
slow
mucus
transport
in
lung
at
0.45
mg/
m3
347­
420
ppm
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rabbit
24­
hr
LD50
=
>
1,260
­

>
3,160
mg/
kg
bw
Rat,
mouse,

guinea
pig,

rabbit
Erosion
of
the
skin,
erythema,

and
edema
observed
after
exposure
to
5
­

10%
solution;
no
effects
observed
from
<
5%

solution
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
Corrosive
to
skin
Rabbit
24­
hr
Highly
irritating
to
corrosive
Rat,
rabbit,

human
OECD
Guideline
404
Not
irritating
at
10%;
corrosive
at
high
concentrations
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
Corrosive
to
eyes
Rabbit
OECD
Guideline
405
Not
irritating
for
17%
solution
but
severe
irritation
at
higher
concentration
Rat,
rabbit,

mouse
OECD
Guideline
405
Can
cause
irritation
and
corrosion
to
eyes
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Mouse,
rat,

guinea
pig
Via
inhalation:

4
hrs/
day,
5
days/
week,

6
months
No
significant
effects
at
4
ppm
Rat
Continuous,
up
to
14
weeks
No
effects
on
body
or
lung
weights
or
myokinetic
activity
up
to
0.15
mg/
m3
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2002
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.4
(
continued)
Rat
6
hr/
day,
5
day/
wk,
6
months
Normal
weight
gain
and
no
respiratory
lesions
at
10
mg/
m3
Rabbit
1
hr/
day,
5
day/
wk,
up
to
12
months
At
0.25
mg/
m3,

weight
reduction
and
increased
bronchial
reactivity
were
observed
Rabbit
2
hr/
day,
14
days
Retardation
of
respiratory
tract
clearance
at
0.5
mg/
m3
Guinea
pig
Several
studies
ranging
from
4
to
23
hrs/
day
and
for
2
days
up
to
12
months
No
effects
on
body
weight,
lung
function
or
pathology
at
up
to
2.49
mg/
m3
Minimal
changes
at
10
mg/
m3
but
damage
to
lungs
at
25
mg/
m3
Monkey
23.5
hr/
day,
7
day/
wk,
78
weeks
Deterioration
of
pulmonary
structure
and
function
at
doses
up
to
4.79
mg/
m3
Dog
21
hr/
day,
620
days
Reduced
lung
function,
volume
and
weight
at
0.9
mg/
m3
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2002
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.4
(
continued)
Chick,
mallard
ducklings
Via
oral
feed:

up
to
11,117
mg/
kg/
day,
14
days
(
chicks);

12,393
mg/
kg/
day,
15
days
(
mallards)
Decrease
in
growth
of
chicks
at
11,117
mg/
kg/
day
due
to
an
18%
decrease
in
food
intake.
No
effects
in
ducklings
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
S.
typhimurium
OECD
Guideline
471
(
Ames
test)
Negative
S.
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
(
Ames
test)
Negative
S.
typhimurium
E.
coli
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
(
Ames
test)
Negative
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Sea
urchin
Embryo
and
sperm
assays
Aberrations
caused
by
pH
#
6.5
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Rat
One­
generation
375
mg/
kg
bw
did
not
affect
offspring
growth
in
rats
Mouse,

rabbit
Via
inhalation:

7
hrs/
day,
10­

13
days
of
gestation
No
significant
effects
at
20
mg/
m3
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Mouse,

rabbit
Inhalation:
7
hrs/
day,
10­
13
days
of
gestation
NOEL
(
maternal):

5
mg/
m3
NOEL
(
teratogenicity):
20
mg/
m3
5.10A
Specific
Toxicities
Chinese
hamster
cells
Cytotoxicity
in
V79
lung
cells
Effects
on
growth,
survival
rate,
and
macro
molecular
systhesis
at
30
mM
Neurotoxicity
Very
high
doses
can
lead
to
physiological
disruption
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
ACIDS
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2002
Phosphoric
Acid
(
CAS
No.
7664­
38­
2)

NITRIC
ACID
PHOSPHORIC
ACID
SULFURIC
ACID
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.11
Human
Experience
Acute
accidental
inhalation
Acute
respiratory
injury
leading
to
death
following
exposure
to
60%

nitric
acid
solution
Inhalation
10,000
mg/
m3
is
immediately
dangerous
to
life
High
concentrations
can
irritate
skin
and
mucous
membranes
and
cause
eye
damage.

Inhalation
at
high
concentrations
for
longer
periods
may
cause
respiratory
infections
and
digestive
disturbances.

Dermal
contact
May
irritate
eyes
and
skin
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
8
hr
TWA­
TLV
15
min
STELTLV
2
ppm
(
5
mg/
m3
in
air)

4
ppm
(
10
mg/
m3
in
air)
8
hr
TWATLV
15
min
STELTLV
1
mg/
m3
in
air
3
mg/
m3
in
air
8
hr.
TWATLV
5
min.

STELTLV
1
mg/
m3
in
air.

2
mg/
m3
in
air
