PAGE
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
William
C.
Herz
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
M
E
M
O
R
A
N
D
U
M
TO:
Product
Testing
Recipient
FROM:
William
C.
Herz,
Director,
Scientific
Programs
SUBJECT:
Aqueous
Ammonia
Product
Testing
Dossier
DATE:
March
15,
2003
It
is
with
great
pleasure
that
The
Fertilizer
Institute
(
TFI)
announces
the
completion
and
distribution
of
the
final
product
testing
dossier
for
Aqueous
Ammonia
(
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6).

As
you
are
aware,
TFI
sponsored
this
four
 
year
program
to
develop
and
summarize
screeninglevel
hazard
information
for
high
production
volume
(
HPV)
chemicals.
The
data
elements
generated
represent
a
broad
overview
of
human
health
and
ecological
parameters.
These
include
a
physical
­
chemical
characterization,
environmental
fate,
mammalian
toxicity
and
ecotoxicity.
A
health
and
environmental
safety
data
summary
dossier
was
prepared
for
each
of
the
23
materials.
It
summarizes
the
available
literature
data,
new
testing
data,
category
description
and
read
across
data
as
well
as
provides
a
conclusion
regarding
the
inherent
hazards
of
the
material.

Upon
receipt
of
this
data
a
90
calendar
day
regulatory
trigger
starts
within
which
you
must
update
your
material
safety
data
sheets
(
MS­
DS).
Upon
first
product
shipment
you
must
also
notify
your
distributors
and
employers
once
the
MS­
DS
has
been
updated.
These
regulatory
requirements
are
detailed
in
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
5)
and
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
6)(
i).
The
requirements
are
found
in
the
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration
"
Hazard
Communication
Standard"
(
29
CFR
1910.1200).

Please
note
that
by
receipt
of
this
data;
you
agree
not
to
distribute
or
sell
this
data
beyond
your
own
company.
PAGE
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
HEALTH
&
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
DATA
SUMMARY
DOCUMENT
AQUA
AMMONIA
CAS
NO.
1336­
21­
6
Prepared
for:

THE
FERTILIZER
INSTITUTE
January
27,
2003
THE
WEINBERG
GROUP
INC.
1220
Nineteenth
St,
NW,
Suite
300
Washington,
DC
20036­
2400
e­
mail
science@
weinberggroup.
com
WASHINGTON
NEW
YORK
SAN
FRANCISCO
BRUSSELS
PARIS
PAGE
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW...................................................................................................
1
SIDS
DATA
PROFILE..........................................................................................................
8
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARY.....................................................................................................
9
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION....................................................................................
11
2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA..............................................................................
15
3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS.....................................................
18
4.
ECOTOXICITY.........................................................................................................
19
5.
TOXICITY.................................................................................................................
29
6.
REFERENCES
..........................................................................................................
34
APPENDICES
Appendix
A
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
Appendix
B
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
the
Ammonia
Compounds
Category:
Ammonia,
Aqua
Ammonia,
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN),
Urea,
Ammonium
Nitrate,
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate,
Ammonium
Sulfate,
Ammonium
Thiosulfate,
Diammonium
Phosphate,
and
Monoammonium
Phosphate
ACRONYMS
AND
ABBREVIATIONS
BCF
Bioconcentration
Factor
bw
Body
Weight
DAP
Diammonium
Phosphate
DOT
Department
of
Transportation
FDA
U.
S.
Food
and
Drug
Administration
g/
L
Grams
per
Liter
GLP
Good
Laboratory
Practices
GTSP
Granular
Triple
Super
Phosphate
g/
mL
Grams
per
Milliliter
HSDB
Hazardous
Substance
Data
Bank
IPCS
International
Programme
for
Chemical
Safety
KNO3
Potassium
Nitrate
Koc
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
Kow
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
LC50
Median
Lethal
Concentration
LD50
Median
Lethal
Dose
LOAEL
Lowest
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
LOEC
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Concentration
LOEL
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Level
M
Molar
MAP
Monoammonium
Phosphate
mg/
kg
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
mg/
kg/
day
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
per
Day
mg/
L
Milligrams
per
Liter
MHb
Methyl
Hemoglobin
mm
Hg
Millimeters
of
Mercury
mmol/
L
Millimoles
per
Liter
NaNo3
Sodium
Nitrate
NFPA
National
Fire
Prevention
Association
(
NH4)
2NO3
Ammonium
Nitrate
NIOSH
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
NO3
Nitrate
NOAEL
No
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
NOEC
No
Observable
Effect
Concentration
NOEL
No
Observable
Effect
Level
OECD
Organisation
for
Economic
Co­
operation
and
Development
Pa
Pascal
ppm
Parts
per
Million
SCAS
Semi
Continuous
Activated
Sludge
SIDS
Screening
Information
Data
Set
SSP
Single
Super
Phosphate
TLm
Median
Toxicity
Level
TLV
Threshold
Limit
Value
TFI
The
Fertilizer
Institute
UAN
Urea
Ammonia
Nitrogen
1
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW
I.
Introduction
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
on
behalf
of
its
member
companies,
initiated
a
Product
Testing
Project
to
collect,
review,
summarize,
and
where
necessary
develop
additional
health
and
environmental
safety
data
for
23
of
its
high
production
volume
inorganic
fertilizer
materials.
These
data
and
summaries
provide
valuable
information
that
can
be
used
to
update
Material
Safety
Data
Sheets,
answer
customers'
questions,
and
support
product
stewardship
efforts.
The
chemical
industry
is
also
participating
in
a
voluntary
program
of
comparable
scope
for
high
production
volume
organic
chemicals.
1
The
23
fertilizer
materials
were
divided
into
five
categories
(
i.
e.,
ammonia
compounds,
nitrate
compounds,
phosphate
compounds,
salts
and
acids)
based
on
their
primary
constituents
as
shown
in
Table
1.
The
use
of
categories
is
a
recognized
and
accepted
method
that
allows
health
and
environmental
safety
data
from
one
chemical
in
the
category
to
be
used
to
represent
one
or
more
other
related
chemicals
in
the
category
(
USEPA
1999).
The
key
is
to
find
similar,
or
at
least
predictable,
patterns
and
trends
among
the
chemicals
in
a
category.
In
this
way,
data
can
be
pooled,
resources
are
optimized,
and
fewer
animals
are
used
in
testing,
all
without
losing
the
ability
to
evaluate
the
hazards
and
safety
of
the
individual
chemicals.
Note
that
some
of
the
materials
fall
into
more
than
one
category
(
e.
g.,
diammonium
phosphate
[
DAP]
is
in
both
the
phosphate
and
ammonia
categories).

Searches
were
conducted
using
on­
line
databases,
standard
scientific
data
compendia,
and
other
published
sources
for
toxicity,
ecotoxicity,
environmental
fate,
and
physicalchemical
properties.
The
collected
data
were
reviewed
for
quality
and
acceptability
and
then
summarized
according
to
the
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development
(
OECD)
Screening
Information
Data
Set
(
SIDS)
dossier
format
(
OECD
1997).
The
OECD
countries
(
including
the
United
States)
have
agreed
on
a
set
of
tests
and
on
types
of
data
that
are
generally
necessary
to
characterize
the
chemical
behavior
and
potential
hazards
of
chemicals
released
into
the
environment.
The
OECD
SIDS
dossier
was
chosen
as
a
standard
format
for
the
TFI
Product
Testing
Project
in
order
that
it
would
be
scientifically
defensible,
broadly
applicable
and
easily
understandable
to
a
wide
range
of
stakeholders.

The
following
sections
of
this
Executive
Overview
provide:
the
rationale
for
development
of
the
Ammonia
Compounds
category
(
Section
II);
a
synopsis
of
the
available
data
related
to
the
physical­
chemical
properties,
environmental
fate,
ecotoxicity
and
toxicity
of
aqua
ammonia
(
Section
III);
and
a
conclusion
regarding
the
adequacy
of
the
data
to
sufficiently
characterize
the
category
and
the
need
for
additional
testing
(
Section
IV).

The
data
for
aqua
ammonia
are
summarized
in
the
Chemical
Profile
and
Data
Summary
tables.
Because
the
evaluation
of
data
adequacy
relies
on
a
category
approach,
the
Data
1
HPV
Chemical
Challenge
Program;
USEPA
1999
(
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
opptintr/
chemrtk/
volchall.
htm)
2
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Summary
table
references
Appendix
B
when
data
are
available
for
one
or
more
of
the
other
materials
in
the
category
for
those
data
elements
where
no
data
specific
to
aqua
ammonia
are
available.
Appendix
B
provides
a
summary
of
the
data
for
all
of
the
ammonia
compounds
in
the
category.
It
should
be
noted
that
an
essentially
complete
health
and
environmental
safety
data
summary
document
is
available
for
anhydrous
ammonia.
The
data
for
anhydrous
ammonia,
which
are
usually
derived
from
tests
conducted
with
aqueous
solutions,
are
generally
relevant
for
aqua
ammonia
as
well.
The
individual
studies
for
aqua
ammonia
itself
are
presented
in
subsequent
pages
of
this
document.
Separate
data
summary
documents
are
available
for
each
of
the
ammonia
compounds
in
the
category.

II.
Rationale
for
the
Ammonia
Compounds
Category
The
ammonia
compounds
category
for
fertilizer
materials
includes
anhydrous
ammonia,
aqua
ammonia,
nitrogen
solutions,
several
ammonium
salts,
di­
and
monoammonium
phosphates,
and
urea.
These
compounds
are
grouped
because
of
chemical
composition
similarities
and
the
dissociation
into
un­
ionized
ammonia
(
NH3)
and/
or
the
ammonium
ion
(
NH4
+).
The
compounds
have
similar
and
generally
predictable
patterns
of
behavior
in
the
environment
as
well
as
toxicological
properties.
The
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
aquatic
organisms
is
highly
dependent
on
physicochemical
factors,
most
notably
pH
because
of
its
importance
in
chemical
speciation
(
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990).
The
acute
toxicity
of
ammonia
is
also
influenced
to
a
lesser
degree
by
temperature,
carbon
dioxide,
dissolved
oxygen,
and
salinity.
In
aqueous
solution,
ammonia
exists
primarily
in
two
forms,
un­
ionized
ammonia
(
NH3)
and
the
ammonium
ion
(
NH4
+),
which
are
in
equilibrium
with
each
other
according
to
the
following
established
relationship:

NH3(
aq)
+
H2O
 
NH4
+
+
OH­

In
general,
as
pH
increases,
the
fraction
of
the
total
ammonia
which
is
un­
ionized
increases.
It
is
this
un­
ionized
ammonia
which
is
generally
considered
to
be
the
primary
cause
of
toxicity
in
aquatic
systems
(
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990).
Un­
ionized
ammonia
is
more
toxic
to
aquatic
organisms
than
the
ammonium
ion
because
the
unionized
form
is
readily
soluble
in
the
lipid
of
the
cell
membrane
and
is
rapidly
absorbed
by
the
gill.
In
contrast,
the
charged
ion
is
not
easily
passed
through
the
charged­
line
hydrophobic
space
in
the
membrane.
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA)
studies
indicate
that
un­
ionized
ammonia
is
190
times
more
toxic
to
guppies
than
ammonium
ion
(
USEPA
1985;
1998).

Multiple
EPA
studies
in
aquatic
systems
have
shown
that
over
the
pH
range
of
6.5­
9.0,
the
toxicity
of
un­
ionized
ammonia
increases
as
the
pH
decreases
(
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990).
At
lower
pH
values,
this
can
be
attributed
to
either
the
increased
hydrogen
ion
concentration
increasing
the
toxicity
of
un­
ionized
ammonia
or
that
the
ammonium
ion
is
exerting
some
level
of
toxicity
at
the
lower
pH
(
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990).
However,
it
would
be
an
oversimplification
to
attribute
the
toxic
action
to
only
the
ammonium
ion
at
low
pH
and
to
only
un­
ionized
ammonium
at
high
pH
because
most
likely
both
forms
participate
when
total
ammonia
concentration
is
high
enough
to
cause
3
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
toxicity
symptoms
(
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990).
To
incorporate
this,
a
joint
toxicity
model
has
been
proposed,
with
ammonium
causing
most
toxicity
at
high
pH
values
and
ammonium
ion
also
contributing
to
toxicity
at
lower
pH
values
(
Erickson
1985;
Ankley
et
al.
1995).
This
is
supported
through
studies
demonstrating
that
at
low
pH
a
new
inward
flux
of
ammonium
ion
can
occur
across
the
gills
of
aquatic
species
(
Evans
and
Cameron
1986;
Ankley
et
al.
1995).
Still,
under
most
environmental
conditions,
the
unionized
ammonia
concentration
is
the
primary
driver
of
toxicity.

In
mammalian
systems,
the
un­
ionized
ammonia
again
is
the
primary
toxic
agent,
based
on
the
pH­
dependency
of
its
distribution
(
i.
e.,
NH3
diffuses
more
easily
than
NH4+).
It
should
be
noted
that
due
to
the
pH
of
most
biological
systems,
ammonia
typically
exists
in
the
ionized
form
in
the
body.
Nitrate
(
NO2,
a
microbial
degradate
of
NH3)
however,
can
play
a
more
important
role
in
toxicity
in
mammalian
systems
than
in
aquatic
systems.

III.
Summary
of
Data
Available
for
the
Ammonia
Compounds
Category
Detailed
data
summaries
for
aqua
ammonia
are
included
in
subsequent
sections
of
this
Health
and
Environmental
Safety
Data
Summary
Document
for
Aqua
Ammonia.
These
data
are
briefly
summarized
here.
While
ammonia
compounds
may
exist
as
gases
(
e.
g.,
anhydrous
ammonia),
much
of
the
aquatic
testing
must,
by
necessity,
be
conducted
on
ammonia
in
the
form
of
a
liquid
(
e.
g.,
NH4Cl
is
commonly
used
in
aquatic
testing).
Gaseous
ammonia
was
used
for
inhalation
testing
of
mammals,
with
ammonia
salts
(
e.
g.,
NH4OCOCH3)
often
used
for
testing
by
other
routes.

Physical­
Chemical
Data
The
density
of
gaseous
ammonia
is
0.696
g/
L
at
20
º
C
and
therefore
is
lighter
than
air.
Liquid
ammonia
is
lighter
than
water,
with
a
density
of
682
g/
L
as
reported
in
Constable
et
al.
(
1999).
With
solubility
values
ranging
from
around
510
to
1,920
g/
L,
ammonia
compounds
are
readily
soluble
in
water,
where
they
ionize
to
form
NH4
+
under
most
environmental
conditions.
Aqueous
and
anhydrous
ammonia
are
volatile,
as
shown
by
their
high
vapor
pressures
(
2,159
and
7,600
mm
Hg
at
25
°
C,
respectively).
The
salts
of
ammonia
are
less
volatile.

Environmental
Fate
and
Pathway
Because
of
its
high
volatility,
anhydrous
and
aqua
ammonia
are
more
likely
to
be
present
in
the
atmosphere
or
used
by
biological
organisms.
Of
the
fraction
not
taken
up
by
row
crops,
most
of
the
ammonia
released
from
fertilizer
goes
to
the
air
rather
than
to
surface
or
ground
water.
The
high
solubility
of
the
other
ammonia
compounds
suggests
that
at
the
pH
of
most
biological
systems
ammonia
exists
predominantly
in
the
ionized
form
(
NH4
+).
The
fate
of
ammonia
is
driven
by
its
important
role
in
the
nitrogen
cycle,
including
relatively
rapid
assimilation
and
degradation
by
living
organisms.
The
nitrogen
cycle
is
well
known
(
e.
g.,
see
www.
geog.
ouc.
bc.
ca/
physgeog/
contents/
9s.
html).
4
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Ecotoxicity
Acute
96­
hour
LC50
values
for
fish
from
the
literature
range
from
0.08­
3.51
mg
unionized
NH3/
L,
and
from
about
13
to
over
500
mg
total
NH3/
L.
1
Numerous
differences
between
studies
easily
account
for
the
variability
observed
in
acute
toxicity,
among
them
test
species,
age
of
test
subjects,
test
type
(
static
or
flow­
through),
temperature,
and
most
notably,
pH.
In
addition
to
these
literature
values,
acute
fish
studies
were
conducted
under
Good
Laboratory
Practice
(
GLP)
conditions
on
nitrogen
solutions
(
as
UAN),
ammonium
phosphate
sulfate,
and
monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP).
No
lethal
or
sublethal
effects
were
observed
in
any
of
these
studies
at
nominal
concentrations
up
to
100
mg
total
NH3/
L
(
measured
concentrations
of
85­
107
mg
total
NH3/
L),
which
were
the
highest
concentrations
tested.
A
similar
range
of
literature
values
was
found
with
Daphnia
and
other
aquatic
invertebrates
(
EC50
=
0.19­
22.84
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L).
Algae
can
tolerate
relatively
high
aqueous
ammonia
concentrations,
as
they
readily
assimilate
the
nitrogen,
and
phosphorus
in
the
case
of
MAP
and
DAP.
Response
of
aquatic
organisms
to
chronic
exposures
of
ammonia
compounds
is
similar
to
the
acute
effects.
Based
on
the
standard
Federal
Insecticide
Fungicide
and
Rodenticide
Act
(
FIFRA)
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
fish
and
Daphnia
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category
may
be
very
highly
toxic
to
aquatic
organisms.

EC/
LC50
(
mg/
L)
Toxicity
Description
<
0.1
Very
Highly
Toxic
0.1­
1
Highly
Toxic
1­
10
Moderately
Toxic
10­
100
Slightly
Toxic
>
100
Practically
Non­
Toxic
In
addition,
high
concentrations
of
ammonia
affects
photosynthetic
and
respiratory
pathways
in
terrestrial
plants
and
may
result
in
foliar
necrosis.

Mammalian
Toxicity
Acute
toxicity
The
oral
route
is
not
an
applicable
route
of
exposure
for
anhydrous
ammonia
(
a
gas).
Reported
acute
oral
LD50
values
for
ammonia
compounds
ranged
from
350­
14,300
mg/
kg
body
weight
(
bw),
primarily
in
rats
and
mice,
with
ammonium
sulfate
having
the
most
variability.
Inhalation
toxicity
data
are
available
for
anhydrous
ammonia
and
several
ammonium
salts,
and
indicate
a
lack
of
systemic
toxicity
by
this
route
of
exposure.
Dermal
studies
are
available
for
ammonium
sulfate
and
ammonium
nitrate
and
report
acute
LD50
values
of
>
2,000
and
>
5000
mg/
kg
bw,
respectively.
To
supplement
the
acute
studies
available
in
the
literature
for
members
of
the
ammonia
category,
additional
1
Ammonia
toxicity
values
may
be
reported
as
"
un­
ionized
NH3/
L"
(
i.
e.,
concentration
based
on
the
molecular
weight
of
the
compound),
as
"
un­
ionized
NH3­
N/
L"
(
i.
e.,
concentration
based
on
the
molecular
weight
of
only
the
nitrogen
portion
of
the
compound),
or
as
"
total
NH3/
L"
(
i.
e.,
concentration
based
on
the
molecular
weight
of
both
the
un­
ionized
and
ionized
compounds).
5
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
acute
studies
were
conducted
with
ammonium
nitrate
(
dermal),
ammonium
phosphate
sulfate
(
oral),
DAP
(
oral
and
dermal),
and
MAP
(
oral
and
dermal).
All
of
these
studies,
which
were
conducted
using
OECD
protocols
under
GLP
conditions,
resulted
in
no
signs
of
lethal
or
sublethal
toxicity
at
doses
equal
to
2000
mg/
kg
bw
(
for
the
oral
studies)
and
5000
mg/
kg
bw
(
for
the
dermal
studies).
Based
on
the
standard
FIFRA
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
mammals
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category
are
considered
to
be
of
low
to
very
low
toxicity
(
40
CFR
156.62).

Toxicity
Category
I
II
III
IV
Toxicity
Rating
High
Moderate
Low
Very
Low
Oral
LD50
 
50
mg/
kg
>
50­
500
mg/
kg
>
500­
5000
mg/
kg
>
5000
mg/
kg
Dermal
LC50
 
200
mg/
kg
>
200­
2000
mg/
kg
>
2000­
20,000
mg/
kg
>
20,000
mg/
kg
Inhalation
LC50
 
0.2
mg/
L
>
0.2­
2
mg/
L
>
2­
20
mg/
L
>
20
mg/
L
Genotoxicity
Literature
data
for
anhydrous
ammonia
and
ammonium
sulfate
indicated
no
evidence
for
mutagenicity.
Additional,
bacterial
(
Ames
test)
and
non­
bacterial
(
CHO
chromosome
aberration
test)
in
vitro
genotoxicity
studies
were
conducted
on
ammonium
thiosulfate
and
DAP
under
GLP
conditions.
In
all
cases
the
results
were
negative,
indicating
no
evidence
of
genotoxicity
for
ammonia
compounds.

Repeated
dose
and
developmental
toxicity
No
mortality
was
observed
in
repeat
dose
inhalation
studies
in
rats,
guinea
pigs,
rabbits,
dogs
and
monkeys
at
anhydrous
ammonia
concentrations
up
to
770
mg
total
NH3/
m3,
although
reported
sublethal
effects
included
nasal,
eye
and
skin
irritation
and
inflammation.
A
one­
generation
reproduction
study
in
which
pigs
were
exposed
to
ammonia
from
manure
pits
resulted
in
no
significant
effects
on
onset
of
puberty
or
litter
size.
Repeat
dose
studies
on
ammonium
nitrate
and
urea
indicate
low
acute
toxicity.
Reproductive
and
developmental
toxicity
studies
conducted
on
these
two
compounds
and
urea
indicate
no
toxic
effects
to
rats,
mice
and
hamsters.
In
addition,
a
combined
protocol
(
OECD
422)
study
that
evaluates
repeat
dose
exposures
as
well
as
reproductive
and
developmental
endpoints
was
conducted
on
DAP
under
GLP
conditions.
Results
show
no
mortality
in
rats
given
doses
by
gavage
up
to
1,500
mg/
kg
bw
d.
Some
treatment­
related
effects
on
haematology
were
evident,
and
bodyweight
gain
was
temporarily
reduced
in
the
high
dose
group,
after
which
they
regained
normal
weight
gain
levels.
No
treatment­
related
deaths
or
signs
of
clinical
toxicity
were
observed.
Mating
performance,
fertility,
and
offspring
all
were
unaffected
by
parental
exposure
to
DAP.
6
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
IV.
Conclusion
for
the
Ammonia
Compounds
Category
Several
of
the
compounds
in
the
ammonia
category
have
been
extensively
studied.
Most
notably,
anhydrous
ammonia
has
an
essentially
complete
database
that
includes
several
published
reviews
(
e.
g.,
ATSDR
1990;
Constable
et
al.
1999;
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990;
Ecological
Analysts,
Inc.
1981;
NRC
1979;
USEPA
1985
and
1998;
and
WHO
1986).
The
database
for
ammonium
nitrate
is
also
largely
complete.
A
SIDS
dossier
for
urea
has
been
accepted
as
final
by
the
OECD.
Furthermore,
additional
studies
have
been
conducted
under
GLP
conditions
to
address
key
endpoints
for
all
of
the
ammonia
category
compounds.
Consequently,
sufficient
data
are
available
to
characterize
the
physical­
chemical
properties,
environmental
fate,
ecotoxicity
and
toxicity
of
the
ammonia
category.
Therefore,
additional
testing
is
not
needed
to
assess
the
hazards
of
these
chemicals.
7
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
TABLE
1:
CATEGORIES
FOR
PRODUCT
TESTING
PROJECT
CATEGORY
COMPOUND
CAS
NUMBER
Ammonia
Compounds
Anhydrous
ammonia
Aqua
ammonia
Ammonium
nitrate
Ammonium
sulfate
Ammonium
thiosulfate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
Ammonium
phosphate
sulfate
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Urea
7664­
41­
7
1336­
21­
6
6484­
52­
2
7783­
20­
2
7783­
18­
8
15978­
77­
5
12593­
60­
1
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
57­
13­
6
Nitrate
Compounds
Sodium
nitrate
Ammonium
nitrate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
7631­
99­
4
6484­
52­
2
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
15978­
77­
5
Phosphate
Compounds
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Liquid
polyphosphate
Single
superphosphate**
Granular
triple
superphosphate**
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
­­
8011­
76­
5
65996­
95­
4
Salts
Potassium
chloride
Potassium
magnesium
sulfate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Potassium
sulfate
Calcium
sulfate
7447­
40­
7
14168­
73­
1
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
7778­
80­
5
7778­
18­
9
Acids
Phosphoric
acid
Nitric
acid
Sulfuric
acid
7664­
38­
2
7697­
37­
2
7664­
93­
9
*
=
Nitrogen
solutions
are
represented
largely
by
Urea­
Ammonia­
Nitrogen
(
UAN;
15978­
77­
5)
**
=
Single
superphosphate
and
granular
triple
superphosphate
are
combined
into
a
single
dossier.
­­
=
No
CAS
number
readily
available
8
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
V.
REFERENCES
CITED
40
CFR
156.62.
Toxicity
Category.

Agency
for
Toxic
Substances
and
Disease
Registry
(
ATSDR).
1990.
Toxicological
Profile
for
Ammonia.

Ankley,
G.
T.,
Schubauer­
Berigan,
and
Monson,
P.
D.
1995.
Influence
of
pH
and
hardness
on
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
the
amphipod
Hyalella
azteca.
Can.
J.
Fish.
Aquat.
Sci.
52:
2078­
2083.

Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990.
Health
Effects
Assessment
for
Ammonia.
Prepared
for
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
Washington,
D.
C.

Constable,
M.,
Jensen,
F.,
McLeron,
J.
Craig,
G.,
and
Moore,
D.
1999.
Canadian
Environmental
Protection
Act,
Priority
Substances
List
II:
Supporting
Document
for
Ammonia
in
the
Aquatic
Environment.
Draft,
Unpublished
Version.
Government
of
Canada,
Environment
Canada.

Ecological
Analysts,
Inc.
1981.
The
Sources,
Chemistry,
Fate,
and
Effects
of
Ammonia
in
Aquatic
Environments.
Washington,
D.
C.
American
Petroleum
Institute.

Erickson,
R.
J.
1985.
An
evaluation
of
mathematical
models
for
the
effects
of
pH
and
temperature
on
ammonia
toxicity
to
aquatic
organisms.
Water
Res.
19:
1047­
1058.

Evans,
D.
E.
and
Cameron,
J.
N.
1986.
Gill
ammonia
transport.
J.
Exp.
Zool.
239:
17­
23.

National
Research
Council
(
NRC).
1979.
Ammonia.
Subcommittee
on
Ammonia.
Committee
on
Medical
and
Biologic
Effects
of
Environmental
Pollutants.
Division
of
Medical
Sciences,
Assembly
of
Life
Sciences.
National
Research
Council.
Baltimore:
University
Park
Press.
NTIS
No.
PB
278­
027.

OECD.
1997.
SIDS
Manual.
OECD
Secretariat,
3rd
Revision,
July
1997.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA).
1985.
Ambient
Water
Quality
Criteria
for
Ammonia
 
1984.
Office
of
Water
Regulations
and
Standards,
Criteria
and
Standards
Division.
Washington,
D.
C.
EPA­
504/
5­
85­
006.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA).
1998.
1998
Update
of
Ambient
Water
Quality
Criteria
for
Ammonia.
Office
of
Water,
Washington,
D.
C.
EPA
822­
R­
98­
008.

USEPA.
1999.
Development
of
Chemical
Categories
in
the
HPV
Challenge
Program.
www.
epa.
gov/
chemrtk/
catdoc29.
pdf.

World
Health
Organization
(
WHO).
1986.
Ammonia
 
Environmental
Health
Criteria
54.
Geneva"
International
Programme
on
Chemical
Safety.
9
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
SIDS
DATA
PROFILE
Date:
January
27,
2003
1.01
A.
CAS
No.
1336­
21­
6
1.01
C.
CHEMICAL
NAME
(
OECD
NAME)
Ammonia,
aqueous
solution
1.01
D
CAS
DESCRIPTOR
Ammonia,
aqueous
solution
1.01
G
STRUCTURAL
FORMULA
NH4OH
OTHER
CHEMICAL
IDENTITY
INFORMATION
Aqua
Ammonia
1.5
QUANTITY
10,000
to
100,000
tonnes
1.7
USE
PATTERN
Fertilizer,
manufacture
of
textiles,
chemical
intermediates,
pharmaceuticals,
ceramics,
lubricants,
ink.
Processing
of
paper
and
pulp,
leather,
photography,
etc.
1.9
SOURCES
AND
LEVELS
OF
EXPOSURE
Manufactured
in
a
closed
system.
Can
be
released
from
urban,
agricultural,
and
industrial
sources
during
use.

ISSUES
FOR
DISCUSSION
The
data
for
Aqua
Ammonia
should
be
evaluated
in
combination
with
the
other
materials
in
the
ammonia
category.
10
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARY
Date:
January
27,
2003
AQUA
AMMONIUM
(
CAS
NO.
1336­
21­
6)
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
­
77
°
C
2.2
Boiling
Point
36
°
C
2.3
Density
0.9
g/
mL
at
20
°
C
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
2.159
x
103
mmHg
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
See
Appendix
B
results*
2.6A
Water
Solubility
EPISUITE
V.
3.10
1
x
106
mg/
L
at
25
°
C
2.6B
pH
value
4.75
at
25
°
C
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
flammable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
applicable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Not
explosive
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Not
an
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:
Reduction
Potential
1.275
V
2.13A
Additional
data
See
text
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
See
Appendix
B
results*
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
See
Appendix
B
results*
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
See
Appendix
B
results*
3.3.2
Distribution
Miscible
in
water
3.5
Biodegradation
Biodegradable
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
Toxicity
to
Fish
Cyprinus
carpio
L.
48
hrs
LC50
=
1.34
 
1.70
mg
unionized
NH3/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
48
hrs
EC50
=
32
mg/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Scenedesmus
sp.
12
months
See
text
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
See
Appendix
B
results*
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
Various
Ictalurus
punctatus
12
months
8
days
See
text
LC50
=
37.5
mg/
L
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
See
text
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
See
text
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
See
Appendix
B
results*

*
See
Appendix
B
results
for
data
on
other
chemicals
in
the
ammonia
category.
11
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
AQUA
AMMONIUM
(
CAS
NO.
1336­
21­
6)
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
Cat
LD50
=
350
mg/
kg
bw
LD50
=
750
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Toxicity
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,
Other
Routes
Rabbit
i.
v.
LDLo
=
10
mg/
kg
bw
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/
Corrosion
Rabbit
10%
or
20%
Corrosive
at
20%
but
not
10%
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/
Corrosion
Rabbit
1
mg
exposure/
30
second
rinse
Irritating
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
No
data
available
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Toxicity
See
Appendix
B*
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
E.
coli
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
Negative
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
No
evidence
for
mutagenicity
5.7
Carcinogenicity
Not
carcinogenic
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.9
Developmental
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.10
Additional
Information
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
24
mg/
m3
*
See
Appendix
B
results
for
data
on
other
chemicals
in
the
ammonia
category.
12
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION
1.01
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
A.
CAS
number
1336­
21­
6
B.
Name
(
IUPAC
name)
Ammonia,
aqueous
solution
C.
Name
(
OECD
name)
Ammonia,
aqueous
solution
D.
CAS
Descriptor
In
practice,
a
preparation
consisting
of
33­
35%
ammonia
and
65­
67%
water.

E.
EINECS
Number
215­
647­
6
F.
Molecular
Formula
H5NO
G.
Structural
Formula
NH4OH
SMILES:
N(
H)(
H)(
H)(
H)
O
H.
Substance
Group
Not
applicable
I.
Substance
Remark
Not
applicable
J.
Molecular
Weight
35.05
1.02
OECD
INFORMATION
A.
Sponsor
Country
Not
applicable
B.
Lead
Organization
Not
applicable
C.
Name
of
Responder
Name:
Mr.
William
C.
Herz,
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
Address/
Phones:
The
Fertilizer
Institute
Union
Center
Plaza
820
First
Street,
NE,
Suite
430
Washington,
DC
20002
USA
Tel:
(
202)
962­
0490
Fax:
(
202)
962­
0577
13
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
1.1
GENERAL
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
A.
Type
of
Substance
element
[
];
inorganic
[
X];
natural
substance
[
];
organic
[
];
organometallic
[
];
petroleum
product
[
]

B.
Physical
State
(
at
20
°
C
and
1.013
hPa)

gaseous
[
];
liquid
[
X];
solid
[
]

C.
Purity
Aqueous
solutions
are
usually
20%
N.

1.2
SYNONYMS
Ammonium
hydroxide
Aqua
ammonia
Ammonia,
monohydrate
Ammonia
liquor
Ammonia
water
Aqueous
ammonia
1.3
IMPURITIES
Remarks:
None
identified
1.4
ADDITIVES
Remarks:
None
identified
1.5
QUANTITY
Remarks:
10,000
to
100,000
tonnes
per
annum.
38,500
tonnes
produced
in
the
US
in
1979.
References:
1)
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
Hydroxide.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.
2)
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Ammonium
Hydroxide.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

1.6
LABELING
AND
CLASSIFICATION
Labeling
Type:
Directive
67/
548/
EEC
Specific
limits:
Yes
Symbols:
C
Nota:
B
14
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
R­
phrases:
(
34)
Causes
burns
(
37)
Irritating
to
respiratory
system
S­
phrases:
1/
2,
7,
26,
45
Text
of
S­
phrases:
Keep
locked
up
and
out
of
reach
of
children;
keep
container
tightly
closed;
in
case
of
contact
with
eyes,
rinse
immediately
with
plenty
of
water
and
seek
medical
advice;
in
case
of
accident
or
if
you
feel
unwell,
seek
medical
advice
(
show
the
label
where
possible)

Classification
Type:
Directive
67/
548/
EEC
Category
of
danger:
Corrosive,
irritant
R­
phrases:
34,
37
Remarks:
Causes
burns,
irritating
to
respiratory
system
Reference:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
hydroxide.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.

1.7
USE
PATTERN
A.
General
Type
of
Use:
Category:

(
a)
main
Wide
dispersive
use
industrial
Agricultural
industry
use
Fertilizer
(
b)
main
Non
dispersive
use
industrial
Chemical
industry,
personal
and
domestic
use
use
Textiles,
condensation
polymerization,
pharmaceuticals,
ceramics,
photography,
soaps,
lubricants,
organic
synthesis,
ink
manufacturing,
leather
processing,
pulp,
paper
and
board
processing,
disinfectants,
electroplating
agents,
chemical
intermediates
Remarks:
Aqua
ammonia
is
not
as
popular
as
anhydrous
ammonia,
although
interest
is
increasing
due
to
its
relative
safety
in
use.
Reference:
1)
Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Ammonium
Hydroxide.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
2)
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
hydroxide.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.
3)
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publishers,
The
Netherlands.
15
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
B.
Uses
in
Consumer
Products
Remarks:
No
Consumer
product
uses
1.8
OCCUPATIONAL
EXPOSURE
LIMIT
VALUE
Short
term
exposure
limit
value
Value:
24
mg/
m3
Length
of
exposure
period:
15
minutes
Frequency:
4
times
Remarks:
ACGIH
TLV.
Refers
to
ammonia
vapors.
Reference:
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Healthy
(
NIOSH).
1997.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.

1.9
SOURCES
OF
EXPOSURE
Remarks:
Aqua
ammonia
can
be
absorbed
into
the
body
if
inhaled
or
ingested,
although
significant
human
and
environmental
exposures
during
manufacture
are
unlikely
if
the
process
is
well
managed.
Engineering
controls
such
as
mechanical
ventilation,
process
or
personnel
enclosure,
control
of
process
conditions,
and
process
modifications
significantly
reduce
exposure.
Local
exhaust
(
ventilation)
control
as
close
to
the
point
of
generation
is
both
the
most
economical
and
safest
method
to
minimize
personnel
exposure
to
airborne
concentrations.
Personal
protective
equipment
includes
neoprene
or
nitrile
gloves,
dust
masks
or
fume
hoods
as
appropriate,
chemical
safety
goggles,
and
impervious
apron,
sleeves
and
boots.
Field
exposure
to
workers
is
possible
when
handling
and
using
on
farms
as
a
fertilizer.
However,
liquid
fertilizers
are
commonly
injected,
which
reduces
contact
exposure.

Environmental
releases
are
controlled
at
the
manufacturing
plant.
Gaseous
emissions
are
low
due
to
use
of
scrubbers
and
liquid
effluent
is
recovered
as
much
as
possible.
Exposure
to
environmental
receptors
is
dependent
on
the
amount
used
as
fertilizer
on
fields,
the
climatic
conditions,
and
the
hydrological
conditions
of
the
area
of
application.
Nitrate
materials
are
common
in
the
environment
and
are
essential
nutrients
for
both
plants
and
animals.
16
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
References:
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1988.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publishers,
The
Netherlands.

1.10
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
A.
Options
for
disposal
Remarks:
Aqua
ammonia
must
be
disposed
of
in
accordance
with
federal,
state
and
local
environmental
control
regulations.
Continued
dilution
with
water
is
generally
sufficient.

2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
MELTING
POINT
Value:
­
77
°
C
at
760
mm
Hg
Decomposition:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
Ambiguous
[
]
Sublimation:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
Ambiguous
[
]
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
References:
Lide,
D.
R.
1998.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
79th
ed.
New
York:
Lewis
Publishers.;
ECDIN
2.2
BOILING
POINT
Value:
36
°
C
Pressure:
Not
specified
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
References:
Chemfinder
Internet
Searching
and
Information.
1998.
Ammonium
Hydroxide.
http://
www.
chemfinder.
com.

2.3
DENSITY
(
Relative
Density)

Type:
Bulk
density
[
];
Density
[
X];
Relative
Density
[
]
Value:
0.9
g/
mL
Temperature:
20
°
C
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
References:
3V
SIGMA
S.
p.
A
MOZZO
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).
17
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
2.4
VAPOR
PRESSURE
Value:
2.159
x
103
mm
Hg
Temperature:
25
°
C
Method:
Calculated
[
];
measured
[
X]
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
SRC
recommended
value
References:
Daubert,
T.
E.
and
Danner,
R.
P.
1989.
Physical
and
thermodynamic
properties
of
pure
chemicals:
Data
compilation.
Design
Institute
for
Physical
Property
Data,
American
Institute
of
Chemical
Engineers.
Hemisphere
Publ.
Corp.
NY.
4
Vols.

2.5
PARTITION
COEFFICIENT
logPow
Remarks:
No
data
available
2.6
WATER
SOLUBILITY
A.
Solubility
Value:
1
x
106
mg/
L
Temperature:
25
°
C
Description:
Miscible
[
X];
Of
very
high
solubility
[
];
Of
high
solubility
[
];
Soluble
[
];
Slightly
soluble
[
]
Of
low
solubility
[
];
Of
very
low
solubility
[
];
Not
soluble
[
]
Method:
Estimated
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Remarks:
Estimated
using
EPI
Suite
V.
3.10.
Note
that
the
melting
point
(
284oC)
and
boiling
point
(
653oC)
estimated
using
this
software
are
considerably
different
from
literature
values.
Therefore,
uncertainty
should
be
considered
when
using
this
estimated
log
Kow.
References:
USEPA.
2000.
EPI
Suite
Estimation
Program
V.
3.10.

B.
pH
Value,
pKa
Value
pKa
value
4.751
at
25
°
C
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
References:
Lide,
D.
R.
1998.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
79th
ed.
New
York:
Lewis
Publishers.
18
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
2.7
FLASH
POINT
(
liquids)

Remarks:
Not
flammable
2.8
AUTO
FLAMMABILITY
(
solid/
gases)

Remarks:
Not
applicable
2.9
FLAMMABILITY
Remarks:
Not
flammable
2.10
EXPLOSIVE
PROPERTIES
Remarks:
Not
explosive
2.11
OXIDIZING
PROPERTIES
Remarks:
No
known
oxidizing
properties.

2.12
OXIDATION:
REDUCTION
POTENTIAL
Value:
1.275
V
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Remarks:
Ammonium
is
a
strong
reducing
agent.
Reference:
Lide,
D.
R.
(
ed.).
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
1990.
Boston:
CRC
Press.

2.13
ADDITIONAL
DATA
Remarks:
While
it
has
relatively
low
vapor
pressure,
Aqua
ammonia
does
lose
ammonia
when
exposed
to
the
atmosphere
and
therefore,
aqua
ammonia
(
at
20%
N)
is
stored
in
covered
nonpressure
storage
tanks.
Reference:
United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publishers,
The
Netherlands.
19
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS
3.1
STABILITY
3.1.1
PHOTODEGRADATION
Remarks:
Photodegradation
is
not
a
significant
dissipation
mechanism.
See
Appendix
B
for
data
on
anhydrous
ammonia.

3.1.2
STABILITY
IN
WATER
Remarks:
Aqua
ammonia
is
miscible
in
water.
See
Appendix
B
for
data
on
anhydrous
ammonia.

3.1.3
STABILITY
IN
SOIL
Remarks:
Extensive
literature
exists
on
the
fate
of
ammonia
and
ammonium
ions
in
soil.
See
Appendix
B
for
additional
data
on
anhydrous
ammonia.

3.2
MONITORING
DATA
(
ENVIRONMENTAL)

Remarks:
Ammonia
concentrations
in
soil,
surface
and
ground
waters
are
generally
low
because
of
the
rapid
conversion
to
nitrite
and
nitrate.
References:
Constable,
M.,
Jensen,
F.
McLeron,
J.,
Craig,
G.,
and
Moore,
D.
1999.
Canadian
Environmental
Protection
Act.
Priority
Substances
List
II:
Supporting
Document
for
Ammonia
in
the
Aquatic
Environment.
Draft,
Unpublished
Version.
Government
of
Canada,
Environment
Canada.

3.3
TRANSPORT
AND
DISTRIBUTION
BETWEEN
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPARTMENTS
INCLUDING
ESTIMATED
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCENTRATIONS
AND
DISTRIBUTION
PATHWAYS
3.3.1
TRANSPORT
Remarks:
Aqua
ammonia
is
miscible
in
water
and
readily
biodegradable,
therefore
environmental
transport
is
limited.
20
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
3.3.2
THEORETICAL
DISTRIBUTION
(
FUGACITY
CALCULATION)

Remarks:
Aqua
ammonia
is
miscible
in
water
and
readily
biodegradable.
Therefore,
it
will
largely
remain
in
water
while
it
degrades.

3.4
IDENTIFICATION
OF
MAIN
MODE
OF
DEGRADABILITY
IN
ACTUAL
USE
Remarks:
Aqua
ammonia
applied
as
fertilizers
will
be
primarily
biodegraded.

3.5
BIODEGRADATION
Remarks:
Aqua
ammonia
is
miscible
in
water
and
readily
biodegradable.

3.6
BOD5,
COD
OR
RATIO
BOD5/
COD
Remarks:
No
data
available
3.7
BIOACCUMULATION
Remarks:
The
EPI
Suite
program
estimated
a
very
low
log
BCF
of
0.5
(
BCF=
3.162)
based
on
an
estimated
log
Kow
of
­
4.39.
In
general,
the
measurement
of
BCF
is
not
applicable
for
highly
water
soluble
compounds
such
as
aqua
ammonium
which
has
a
low
potential
to
bioaccumulate.
References:
USEPA.
2000.
EPI
Suite
Estimation
Program
V.
3.10.

4.
ECOTOXICITY
Remarks:
The
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
aquatic
organisms
is
highly
dependent
on
physicochemical
factors,
most
notably
pH
because
of
its
importance
in
chemical
speciation.
The
acute
toxicity
of
ammonia
is
also
influenced
to
a
lesser
degree
by
temperature,
carbon
dioxide,
dissolved
oxygen,
and
salinity.
In
aqueous
solution,
ammonia
exists
primarily
in
two
forms,
un­
ionized
ammonia
(
NH3)
and
ammonium
ion
(
NH4
+),
which
are
in
equilibrium
with
each
other
according
to
the
following
established
relationship:

NH3(
aq)
+
H2O
 
NH4
+
+
OH­
21
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
As
pH
increases,
the
fraction
of
the
total
ammonia
which
is
un­
ionized
increases.
It
is
this
un­
ionized
ammonia
which
is
generally
considered
to
be
the
primary
cause
of
toxicity
in
aquatic
systems.
References:
1)
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990.
Health
Effects
Assessment
for
Ammonia.
Prepared
for
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
Washington,
D.
C.
2)
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA).
1998.
1998
Update
of
Ambient
Water
Quality
Criteria
for
Ammonia.
Washington,
D.
C.:
Office
of
Water.
EPA
822­
R­
98­
008.

4.1
ACUTE/
PROLONGED
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
Type
of
test:
static
[
];
semi­
static
[
X];
flow­
through
[
];
other
[
];
open­
system
[
X];
closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Cyprinus
carpio
L.
(
Common
carp)
Exposure
period:
48­
hours
Results:
NH4Cl
LC50
mean
range
=
1.60­
1.96
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
(
mean
pH
7.8,
mean
range
12.9­
13.7
°
C)
(
103­
109
mg
total
NH3/
L)
NH4NO3
LC50
mean
range
=
1.15­
1.72
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
(
mean
pH
7.6­
7.8,
mean
range
12.1­
13.5
°
C)
(
95­
102
mg
total
NH3/
L)
NH4OH
LC50
mean
range
=
1.34­
1.70
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
(
mean
pH
9.1,
mean
range
12.8­
13.0
°
C)
(
6.9­
7.6
mg
total
NH3/
L)
CH3COONH4
LC50
mean
range
=
0.89
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
(
mean
pH
1.7,
mean
range
16.0
°
C)
(
72
mg
total
NH3/
L)
(
NH4)
2S
LC50
=
1.46
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
(
mean
pH
9.2,
10.4
°
C)
(
6.6
mg
total
ammonia/
L)
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Method:
The
tests
were
semi­
static
with
the
solutions
replaced
every
24
hours.
Fish
were
acclimated
to
aquarium
conditions
for
10­
14
days
prior
to
test
initiation.
Fish
received
no
food
during
the
acclimation
and
exposure.
Eight
or
12
fish
were
exposed
to
each
concentration.
Eight
experimental
series
were
carried
out,
each
comprised
of
5­
7
ammonia
concentrations
and
a
control
group.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
chloride
(
NH4Cl),
ammonium
nitrate
(
NH4NO3),
ammonium
water
(
NH4OH),
ammonium
acetate
(
CH3COONH4),
and
ammonium
sulphide
((
NH4)
2S).
Remarks:
Much
lower
values
of
LC50
of
total
ammonia
were
obtained
when
toxic
agents
consisted
of
ammonia
water
and
ammonia
sulphide
as
compared
to
ammonium
22
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
chloride
and
ammonium
nitrate.
Ammonia
toxicity
increased
with
higher
pH
and
lowered
with
increasing
temperature.
The
test
with
ammonium
acetate
was
conducted
at
a
higher
temperature
than
the
others,
which
may
explain
the
lower
LC50.
Reference:
Dabrowski,
H.
and
Skiora,
H.
1986.
Acute
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
common
carp
(
Cyprinus
carpio
L.).
Pol.
Arch.
Hydrobiol.
33(
1):
121­
128.

4.2
ACUTE
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
A.
Daphnia
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
]
Open­
system
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Daphnia
magna
Exposure
period:
Up
to
96­
hours
Results:
TLm(
24­
h)
=
60
mg
NH4OH/
L
TLm
(
48­
h)
=
32
mg
NH4OH/
L
TLm
(
96­
h)
=
20
mg
NH4OH/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
?
[
X]
Method:
Static
bioassays
were
conducted
using
methods
designed
to
assay
the
toxicity
of
industrial
wastes.
Standard
reference
water
was
the
diluent.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
hydroxide
(
NH4OH)
References:
Dowden,
B.
F.
and
Bennett,
H.
J.
1965.
Toxicity
of
selected
chemicals
to
certain
animals.
J.
Water
Pollut.
Control
Fed.
37(
9):
1308­
1316.

4.3
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
PLANTS,
e.
g.
algae
(
a)
Species:
Merismopedia
spp.
(
blue­
green
algae),
Scenedesmus
sp.
(
blue­
green
algae)
Endpoint:
Biomass
[
];
Growth
rate
[
];
Other
[
X]
Exposure
period:
12
months
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
Fish
Lake
(
1.78
surface
ha)
was
treated
with
28.8
ppm
ammonia.
One­
liter
water
samples
were
collected
from
each
of
five
stations.
During
the
exposure
period,
the
water
temperature
varied
from
10
°
C
in
late
November
to
29
°
C
in
late
July.
The
pH
also
varied
widely
from
6.9
in
early
November
to
9.6
in
mid­
November.
Open­
system
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Anhydrous
ammonia
(
NH4
+)
23
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Remarks:
The
purpose
of
the
study
was
to
evaluate
the
use
of
anhydrous
ammonia
for
simultaneous
fish
eradication,
pond
fertilization,
and
aquatic
vegetation
control.
Anhydrous
ammonia
(
a
gas)
is
soluble
in
water
to
the
extent
of
100,000
ppm
at
20oC
and
reacts
with
water
to
form
ammonium
hydroxide,
which
in
turn
dissociates
readily
into
ammonium
and
hydroxyl
ions.
Major
chemical
changes
apparently
caused
by
ammonia
treatment
were
increases
in
pH,
carbonate,
and
hydroxide
and
a
decrease
in
carbon
dioxide
and
bicarbonate.
Before
treatment,
the
average
number
of
phytoplankton
cells
per
liter
was
316,000.
Twenty­
four
hours
after
treatment,
the
mean
count
was
reduced
by
34%.
By
the
end
of
2­
weeks,
the
original
sample
mean
of
the
population
had
been
reduced
by
95%.
No
cells
were
observed
in
samples
taken
from
four
stations
and
numerous
empty
frustules
were
observed
at
other
stations.
In
February,
four
months
after
treatment,
there
was
an
apparent
recovery
in
the
phytoplankton
population.
Scenedesmus
sp.
was
the
most
common
form
at
most
stations.
In
July,
the
mean
population
was
1
x
106
cells/
L,
a
three­
fold
increase
over
pre­
treatment
counts.
References:
Champ,
M.
A.,
Lock,
J.
T.,
Bjork,
C.
D.,
Klussmann,
W.
G.,
and
McCullough,
Jr.,
J.
D.
1973.
Effects
of
anhydrous
ammonia
on
a
central
Texas
pond,
and
a
review
of
previous
research
with
ammonia
in
fisheries
management.
Trans.
Amer.
Fish.
Soc.
1:
73­
82.

(
b)
Remarks:
Ammonia
is
used
by
algae
and
aquatic
macrophytes
as
a
source
of
nitrogen
for
protein
synthesis.
Algal
assimilation
may
be
a
significant
sink
for
ammonia
in
freshwater
environments.
It
is
estimated
that
up
to
34%
of
ammonia
may
be
removed
via
algal
assimilation.
Ceratophyllum
demersum,
a
non­
rooted
macrophyte,
can
remove
ammonia
at
the
rate
ammonia
is
released
through
decomposition
in
a
pond.
References:
1)
Constable,
M.,
Jensen,
F.,
McLernon,
J.
Craig,
G.,
Moore,
D.
1999.
Canadian
Environmental
Protection
Act,
Priority
Substances
List
II:
Supporting
Document
for
Ammonia
in
the
Aquatic
Environment.
Draft,
Unpublished
Version.
Government
of
Canada,
Environment
Canada.
2)
Ecological
Analysts,
Inc.
1981.
The
Sources,
Chemistry,
Fate,
and
Effects
of
Ammonia
in
Aquatic
Environments.
Washington,
D.
C.:
American
Petroleum
Institute.
24
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
4.4
TOXICITY
TO
BACTERIA
Remarks:
No
data
available
4.5
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
ORGANISMS
4.5.1
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
(
a)
Remarks:
Chronic
ammonia
toxicity
results
in
gill
hyperplasia
and
may
cause
reduced
swimming
ability
and
inhibit
growth.
Ammonia
acts
on
the
central
nervous
system
of
fish,
causing
hyperventilation,
hyper­
excitability,
coma,
convulsions,
and
finally
death.
References:
Constable,
M.,
Jensen,
F.,
McLernon,
J.
Craig,
G.,
Moore,
D.
1999.
Canadian
Environmental
Protection
Act,
Priority
Substances
List
II:
Supporting
Document
for
Ammonia
in
the
Aquatic
Environment.
Draft,
Unpublished
Version.
Government
of
Canada,
Environment
Canada.

(
b)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Opensystem
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Umbra
limi
(
central
mudminnow),
Campostoma
anomalum
(
stone
roller),
Gambusia
affinis
(
mosquito
fish),
Notropis
lustrensis
(
red
shiner),
Pimephales
vigilax
(
bullhead
minnow),
Notemigonus
crysoleucas
(
golden
shiner),
Fundulus
notatus
(
blackstripe
topminnow),
Carpiodes
carpio
(
river
carpsucker),
Ictalurus
melas
(
black
bullhead),
Aphredoderus
sayanus
(
pirate
perch),
Chaenobryttus
gulosus
(
warmouth),
Lepomis
cyanellus
(
green
sunfish),
Lepomis
macrochirus
(
bluegill),
Lepomis
megalotus
(
longear
sunfish),
Lepomis
microlophus
(
redear
sunfish).
Micropterus
salmoides
(
largemouth
bass)
Endpoint:
Length
of
fish
[
];
Weight
of
fish
[
];
Reproduction
rate
[
];
Other
[
]
Exposure
period:
12
months
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
Fish
Lake
(
1.78
surface
ha)
was
treated
with
28.8
ppm
ammonia.
Approximately
50
fish
were
trapped
a
few
hours
before
treatment
and
were
held
during
and
after
the
addition
of
ammonia.
During
the
exposure
period,
the
water
temperature
varied
from
10
°
C
in
late
November
to
29
°
C
in
late
July.
The
pH
also
varied
widely
from
6.9
in
early
November,
to
9.6
in
mid­
November.
25
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Anhydrous
ammonia
(
NH4
+)
Remarks:
Addition
of
anhydrous
ammonia
resulted
in
an
apparent
total
fish
kill.
Fish
began
to
surface
and
die
about
1
hour
following
treatment
and
continued
to
do
so
for
about
8
hours.
Major
chemical
changes
apparently
caused
by
ammonia
treatment
were
increases
in
pH,
carbonate,
and
hydroxide
and
a
decrease
in
carbon
dioxide
and
bicarbonate.
References:
Champ,
M.
A.,
Lock,
J.
T.,
Bjork,
C.
D.,
Klussmann,
W.
G.,
and
McCullough,
Jr.
J.
D.
1973.
Effects
of
anhydrous
ammonia
on
a
central
Texas
pond,
and
a
review
of
previous
research
with
ammonia
in
fisheries
management.
Trans.
Amer.
Fish.
Soc.
1:
73­
82.

(
c)
Type
of
test:
static
[
X];
semi­
static
[
];
flow­
through
[
];
other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
];
open­
system
[
X];
closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Ictalurus
punctatus
(
channel
catfish)
Exposure
period:
8­
days
Results:
mean
LC50
(
pH
7.7­
8.0;
21.1­
22.8
°
C)
=
37.5
ppm
total
ammonia
mean
LC100
(
pH
7.9­
8.2;
22.8
°
C)
=
45.7
ppm
total
ammonia
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Method:
Twenty
fish
were
placed
into
each
of
four
7.5
gallon
bowls.
Water
from
an
Aqualoop
system
(
a
controlled
environment
filtration
system)
was
added
and
allowed
to
come
to
equilibrium.
The
pH
was
7.2­
8.2.
The
fish
were
hand­
fed
as
much
as
they
would
eat
once
a
day
but
feeding
was
stopped
during
the
test.
The
ammonia
level
was
allowed
to
rise
naturally
due
to
ammonia
excretion
by
the
fish.
Daily
samples
were
taken
from
each
bowl
and
analyzed
for
pH,
dissolved
oxygen,
and
total
ammonia.
Ammonia
levels
were
determined
by
the
direct
nesslerization
method
for
ammonia
nitrogen.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonia
(
NH3)
(
from
natural
excretion)
Remarks:
It
took
approximately
one
week
to
reach
the
LC50
value,
with
the
LC100
value
reached
within
another
24
hours
after
that.
Reference:
Knepp,
G.
L.
and
Arkin,
G.
F.
1973.
Ammonia
toxicity
levels
and
nitrate
tolerance
of
channel
catfish.
Prog.
Fish.­
Cult.
35(
4):
221­
224.
26
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
4.5.2
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
(
a)
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
];
Other
(
e.
g.
field
test)
[
]
Open­
system
[
X];
Closed­
system
[
]
Species:
Various
copepods,
cladocerans,
rotifers,
and
ostracods
Endpoint:
Mortality
[
X];
Reproduction
rate
[
];
Other
[
]
Exposure
period:
12­
months
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
X];
No
[
];
?
[
]
Method:
Fish
Lake
(
1.78
surface
ha)
was
treated
with
28.8
ppm
ammonia.
An
18­
L
surface
sample
was
taken
from
each
of
the
five
stations
and
concentrated
into
a
0.034­
L
sample.
During
the
exposure
period,
the
water
temperature
varied
from
10
°
C
in
late
November
to
29
°
C
in
late
July.
The
pH
also
varied
widely
from
6.9
in
early
November
to
9.6
in
mid­
November.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Anhydrous
ammonia
(
NH4
+)
Remarks:
Major
chemical
changes
apparently
caused
by
ammonia
treatment
were
increased
in
pH,
carbonate,
and
hydroxide
and
a
decrease
in
carbon
dioxide
and
bicarbonate.
Before
treatment,
sampling
revealed
a
total
count
of
1.631
organisms/
90­
L
sample.
Rotifers
were
dominant,
making
up
42%
of
the
total.
The
day
after
treatment
the
total
count
was
reduced
by
76%
and
after
2­
weeks,
the
total
count
was
reduced
by
over
99%.
References:
Champ,
M.
A.,
Lock,
J.
T.,
Bjork,
C.
D.,
Klussmann,
W.
G.,
and
McCullough,
Jr.
J.
D.
1973.
Effects
of
anhydrous
ammonia
on
a
central
Texas
pond,
and
a
review
of
previous
research
with
ammonia
in
fisheries
management.
Trans.
Amer.
Fish
Soc.
1:
73­
82.

4.6
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
ORGANISMS
4.6.1
TOXICITY
TO
SOIL
DWELLING
ORGANISMS
Remarks:
No
specific
toxicity
test
using
soil
dwelling
organisms
was
identified.

4.6.2
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
PLANTS
Remarks:
Ammonia
toxicity
in
terrestrial
plants
affects
both
photosynthetic
and
respiratory
pathways.
Ammonium
ions
can
cause
inhibition
of
photosynthesis
through
uncoupling
of
noncyclic
photophosphorylation.
27
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
References:
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990.
Health
Effects
Assessment
for
Ammonia.
Prepared
for
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
Washington,
D.
C.

4.6.3
TOXICITY
TO
OTHER
NON
MAMMALIAN
TERRESTRIAL
SPECIES
(
INCLUDING
AVIAN)

Remarks:
No
specific
toxicity
test
using
avian
species
was
identified.

4.7
BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
MONITORING
(
INCLUDING
BIOMAGNIFICATION)

Type:
Animal
[
];
Aquatic
[
];
Plant
[
];
Terrestrial
[
];
Other
[
X]
Remarks:
Ammonia
is
normally
present
in
all
tissues
constituting
a
metabolic
pool.
Ammonia
is
taken
up
by
glutamic
acid
in
many
tissues,
and
this
will
take
part
in
a
variety
of
transamination
and
other
reactions.
In
the
liver,
ammonia
is
used
in
the
synthesis
of
protein
by
the
Krebs­
Hanseleit
cycle.
Reference:
DSM,
Inventory
of
Data
on
chemicals,
Ammonia,
Delft.
1992.
LRO471001/
4150J.
In
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonia
hydroxide.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.

4.8
BIOTRANSFORMATION
AND
KINETICS
(
a)
Type:
Animal
[
X];
Aquatic
[
X];
Plant
[
];
Terrestrial
[
];
Other
[
]
Results:
Control
=
7.11
mg
haemolymph
NH3­
N/
L
At
100
mg/
L
NH3­
N
seawater;
5­
min
=
7.51
mg
haemolymph
NH3­
N/
L
At
100
mg/
L
NH3­
N
seawater;
6­
h
=
20.59
mg
haemolymph
NH3­
N/
L
Remarks:
This
study
suggests
that
when
shrimp
were
exposed
to
more
than
10
mg/
L
total
ammonia­
N,
diffusion
of
unionized
ammonia
from
haemolymph
to
water
was
replaced
by
diffusion
from
un­
ionized
ammonia
from
water
to
haemolymph.
Diffusion
of
ammonia
from
blood
to
water,
exchange
of
ionized­
ammonia
for
sodium
ion,
and
conversion
to
non­
toxic
compounds
are
three
routes
by
which
fish
and
crustaceans
lose
metabolic
ammonia.
28
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Reference:
Chen,
J.
C.
and
Kou,
Y.
Z.
1993.
Accumulation
of
ammonia
in
the
haemolymph
of
Penaeus
monodon
exposed
to
ambient
ammonia.
Aquaculture
109:
177­
185.

(
b)
Remarks:
Elevated
ammonia
levels
in
the
brain
causes
NADH
depletion
due
in
part
to
TCA
cycle
impairment
in
mammals
and
fish.
TCA
cycle
is
impaired
because
of
a
decrease
in
succinate
in
fish
and
ketoglutarate
in
mammals.
Ammonia
stimulates
glycolysis
in
fish
by
activation
of
phosphofructokinase.
Increases
in
pyruvate
and
lactate
levels
in
rainbow
trout
exposed
to
elevated
ammonia
water
levels
have
also
been
observed.
It
has
also
been
suggested
that
ammonia
effects
ionic
balance
in
fish,
reducing
Na+
influx
and
K+
loss
through
substitution
of
Na+
for
K+
in
Na+/
K+
­
ATPase,
and/
or
Na+/
K+/
2C1­
co­
transport
and/
or
the
substitution
for
H+
in
Na+/
H+
exchange.
References:
The
following
references
were
sited
under
Constable,
M.,
Jensen,
F.,
McLernon,
J.
Craig.,
G.,
Moore,
D.
1999.
Canadian
Environmental
Protection
Act,
Priority
Substances
List
II:
Supporting
Document
for
Ammonia
in
the
Aquatic
Environment.
Draft,
Unpublished
Version.
Government
of
Canada,
Environment
Canada.:
1)
Arillo,
A.,
Margiocco,
C.,
Melodia,
F.,
Mensi,
P.,
and
Schenone,
G.
1981.
Ammonia
toxicity
mechanism
in
fish:
studies
on
rainbow
trout
(
Salmo
gairdneri
Rich.).
Ecotoxicol.
Environ.
Safety
5:
316­
328.
2)
Fromm,
P.
O.,
and
Gillette,
J.
R.
1968.
Effect
of
ambient
ammonia
on
blood
ammonia
and
nitrogen
excretion
of
rainbow
trout
(
Salmo
gairdneri).
Comp.
Biochem.
Physiol.
26:
887­
896.
3)
Kloppic,
E.,
Jasobasch,
G.,
and
Rapaport,
S.
1967.
Enhancement
of
the
glycolytic
rate
by
action
of
ammonium
ion
on
phosphofructokinase
activity.
Original
in
German.
Acta.
Biol.
Med.
18:
37­
42.
4)
Person­
LeRuyet,
J.,
Boeuf,
G.
Zambonin­
Infant,
J.,
Helgason,
S.,
and
Le
Roux,
A.
1998.
Short­
term
physiological
changes
in
turbot
and
seabream
juveniles
exposed
to
exogenous
ammonia.
Comp.
Biochem.
Physiol.
119A:
511­
518.
5)
Randall,
D.
J.,
and
Wicks,
B.
J.
1999.
Fish:
ammonia
production,
excretion,
and
toxicity.
In
press.
Paper
presented
in
the
Fifth
International
Symposium
on
Fish
Physiology,
Toxicology,
and
Water
Quality.
University
of
Hong
Kong.
29
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
4.9
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
(
a)
Remarks:
The
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
aquatic
organisms
is
highly
dependent
on
physicochemical
factors,
most
notably
pH
because
of
its
importance
in
chemical
speciation.
The
acute
toxicity
of
ammonia
is
also
influenced
to
a
lesser
degree
by
temperature,
carbon
dioxide,
dissolved
oxygen,
and
salinity.
In
aqueous
solution,
ammonia
exists
primarily
in
two
forms,
un­
ionized
ammonia
(
NH3)
and
ammonium
ion
(
NH4
+),
which
are
in
equilibrium
with
each
other
according
to
the
following
established
relationship:

NH3(
aq)
+
H2O
 
NH4
+
+
OH­

In
general,
as
pH
increases,
the
fraction
of
the
total
ammonia
which
is
un­
ionized
increases.
It
is
this
unionized
ammonia
(
NH3)
which
is
generally
considered
to
be
the
primary
cause
of
toxicity
in
aquatic
systems.
Unionized
ammonia
(
NH3)
is
more
toxic
to
aquatic
organisms
than
the
ammonium
ion
(
NH4
+)
because
the
un­
ionized
form
is
readily
soluble
in
the
lipid
of
the
cell
membrane
and
is
rapidly
absorbed
by
the
gill.
In
contrast,
the
charged
ion
is
not
readily
passed
through
the
charged­
line
hydrophobic
space
in
the
membrane.
EPA
studies
indicate
that
un­
ionized
ammonia
is
190
times
more
toxic
to
guppies
than
ammonium.
Multiple
EPA
studies
have
shown
that
over
the
pH
range
of
6.5­
9.0,
the
toxicity
of
un­
ionized
ammonia
(
NH3)
increases
as
the
pH
decreases.
This
is
either
because
the
additional
hydrogen
ion
(
H+)
concentration
at
lower
pHs
increases
the
toxicity
of
un­
ionized
ammonia
or
because
the
ammonium
ion
(
NH4
+)
exerts
some
level
of
toxicity
at
lower
pH.
However,
it
would
be
an
oversimplification
to
attribute
the
toxic
action
to
only
the
ammonium
ion
at
low
pH
and
to
only
un­
ionized
ammonium
at
high
pH
because
most
likely
both
forms
participate
when
total
ammonia
concentration
is
high
enough
to
cause
toxicity
symptoms.
A
joint
toxicity
model
has
been
proposed,
with
ammonium
causing
most
toxicity
at
high
pH
values
and
ammonium
ion
also
contributing
to
toxicity
at
lower
pH
values.
This
is
supported
through
studies
demonstrating
that
at
a
low
pH
a
new
inward
flux
of
ammonium
ion
can
occur
across
the
gills
of
aquatic
species.
30
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Reference:
1)
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990.
Health
Effects
Assessment
for
Ammonia.
Prepared
for
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
Washington,
D.
C.
2)
Erickson,
R.
J.
1985.
An
evaluation
of
mathematical
models
for
the
effects
of
pH
and
temperature
on
ammonia
toxicity
to
aquatic
organisms.
Water
Res.
19:
1047­
1058.
3)
Evans,
D.
E.
and
Cameron,
J.
N.
1986.
Gill
ammonia
transport.
J.
Exp.
Zool.
239:
17­
23.
4)
Thurston,
R.
V.,
Russo,
R.
C.,
and
Phillips,
G.
R.
1983.
Acute
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
fathead
minnows.
Trans.
Am.
Fish.
Soc.
112:
705­
711.
5)
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA).
1998c.
1998
Update
of
Ambient
Water
Quality
Criteria
for
Ammonia.
Office
of
Water,
Washington,
D.
C.
EPA
822­
R­
98­
008.
6)
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA).
1985.
Ambient
Water
Quality
Criteria
for
Ammonia
 
1984.
Washington,
D.
C.:
Office
of
Water
Regulations
and
Standards,
Criteria
and
Standards
Division.
EPA­
504/
5­
85­
006.

(
b)
Remarks:
The
amount
of
un­
ionized
ammonia
as
a
percent
of
total
ammonia
in
aqueous
solution
is
dependent
on
pH
and
temperature.
The
authors
derive
this
relationship
and
provide
a
table
showing
the
percent
of
un­
ionized
ammonia
at
various
pH
values
and
temperatures.
Reference:
Emerson,
K.,
Russo,
R.
C.,
Lund,
R.
E.,
and
Thurston,
R.
V.
1975.
Aqueous
ammonia
equilibrium
calculations:
effect
of
pH
and
temperature.
J.
Fish.
Res.
Board
Can.
32:
2379­
2383.

5.
TOXICITY
5.1
ACUTE
TOXICITY
5.1.1
ACUTE
ORAL
TOXICITY
(
a)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rat
Value:
350
mg/
kg
bw
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
hydroxide
Remarks:
cites
study
in
J.
Ind.
Toxicol.
23:
259
(
1941)
31
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
References:
1)
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
hydroxide.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.

(
b)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
];
LDL0
[
X];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Cat
Value:
750
mg/
kg
bw.
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
hydroxide
Remarks:
Cite
Abdernalden's
Handbook
Biol.
Arb.
4:
2389
(
1935)
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
hydroxide.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.

5.1.2
ACUTE
INHALATION
TOXICITY
Remarks:
Not
applicable
for
aqueous
ammonia
5.1.3
ACUTE
DERMAL
TOXICITY
Remarks:
See
section
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/
Corrosion
5.1.4
ACUTE
TOXICITY
BY
OTHER
ROUTES
OF
ADMINISTRATION
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
];
LDL0
[
X];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rabbit
Route
of
Administration:
i.
m.
[
];
i.
p.
[
];
i.
v.
[
X];
Infusion
[
];
s.
c.
[
];
Other
[
]
Exposure
period:
Not
specified
Value:
10
mg/
kg
bw.
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
hydroxide
Remarks:
Cites
Abdernalden's
Handbook
Biol.
Arb.
4:
1289
(
1935)
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
hydroxide.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.

5.2
CORROSIVENESS/
IRRITATION
5.2.1
SKIN
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
Species/
strain:
Albino
New
Zealand
rabbits
Results:
Highly
corrosive
[
];
Corrosive
[
X];
Highly
irritating
[
];
Irritating
[
];
Moderately
irritating
[
];
32
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Slightly
irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
]
Classification:
Highly
corrosive
(
causes
severe
burns)
[
];
Corrosive
(
causes
burns)
[
X];
Irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
]
Method:
Three
female
rabbits
were
used
per
dose
with
two
replicates
at
each
level.
Each
test
subject
had
0.5
mL
of
aqueous
ammonia
placed
on
the
skin.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
10%
aqueous
ammonia
(
NH4OH);
20%
aqueous
ammonia
(
NH4OH)
Remarks:
10%
aqueous
ammonia
tested
negative
for
skin
corrosion
while
20%
aqueous
ammonia
tested
positive.
References:
Vernot,
E.
H.,
MacEwen,
J.
D.,
Haun,
C.
C.,
and
Kinkead,
E.
R.
1977.
Acute
toxicity
and
skin
corrosion
data
for
some
organic
and
inorganic
compounds
and
aqueous
solutions.
Toxicology
and
Applied
Pharmacology
42:
417­
423.

5.2.2
EYE
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
Species/
strain:
Rabbit
Results:
Highly
corrosive
[
];
Corrosive
[
];
Highly
irritating
[
X];
Irritating
[
];
Moderately
irritating
[
];
Slightly
irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
]
Classification:
Irritating
[
X];
Not
irritating
[
];
Risk
of
serious
damage
to
eyes
[
]
Method:
1
mg
exposure/
30
second
rinse
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
hydroxide
Remarks:
Cites
Toxicology
23:
281
(
1982)
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
hydroxide.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.

5.3
SKIN
SENSITIZATION
Remarks:
No
specific
skin
sensitization
studies
were
identified.

5.4
REPEATED
DOSE
TOXICITY
Remarks:
No
specific
repeated
dose
studies
were
identified.
33
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
5.5
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VITRO
A.
Bacterial
Test
Type:
Escherichia
coli
reverse
mutation
assay
System
of
testing:
E.
coli
Concentration:
10
mg/
disc
Metabolic
activation:
With
[
];
Without
[
X];
With
and
Without
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Results:
Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
Without
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
hydroxide
Remarks:
Cites
Ann
NY
Acad.
Sci.
76:
475
(
1958)
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
hydroxide.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.

B.
Non­
bacterial
in
vitro
test
Remarks:
No
specific
non­
bacterial
in
vitro
studies
were
identified.

5.6
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VIVO
Type:
Drosophila
mutagenicity
test
Species/
strain:
Drosophila
melanogaster
Remarks:
WHO,
BIBRA,
and
Clement
all
report
early
studies
suggesting
mutagenic
activity
occurred
upon
exposure
to
ammonia.
However,
this
activity
was
only
evident
at
doses
that
killed
98%
of
the
flies,
which
casts
significant
doubt
on
the
validity
of
the
results.
The
Clement
report
concludes
that
there
are
no
data
to
show
that
ammonia
is
mutagenic
in
mammals.
Reference:
1)
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990.
Health
Effects
Assessment
for
Ammonia.
Prepared
for
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
Washington,
D.
C.
2)
BIBRA.
1995.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonia.
BIBRA
International.
3)
World
Health
Organization
(
WHO).
1986.
Ammonia
 
Environmental
Health
Criteria
54.
Geneva:
International
Programme
on
Chemical
Safety.
34
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
5.7
CARCINOGENICITY
(
a)
Species/
strain:
Swiss
and
C3H
mice
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
];
Male/
female
[
X];
No
data
[
]
Route
of
administration:
Drinking
water
Exposure
period:
Life­
time
Frequency
of
treatment:
Ad
libitum
Control
group:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
No
data
[
X];
Concurrent
no
treatment
[
];
Concurrent
vehicle
[
];
Historical
[
]
Results:
Life­
long
ingestion
in
drinking
water
did
not
produce
any
carcinogenic
effects,
and
had
no
effect
on
the
spontaneous
development
of
aderiocarcinoma
of
the
breast
in
C3H
females,
a
characteristic
of
this
strain.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
hydroxide
(
NH4OH)
Doses:
Unspecified
Remarks:
The
compound
tested
was
NH4OH,
which
forms
an
equilibrium
with
NH3
when
ammonia
is
dissolved
in
water.
No
further
information
is
given
in
source.
Reference:
Toth,
B.
1972.
Hydrazine,
methylhydrazine
and
methylhydrazine
sulfate
carcinogenesis
in
Swiss
mice.
Int.
J.
Cancer.
9:
109.
In
World
Health
Organization
(
WHO).
1986.
Ammonia
 
Environmental
Health
Criteria
54.
Geneva:
International
Programme
on
Chemical
Safety.

(
b)
Species/
Strain:
All
Remarks:
WHO
and
Clement
note
that
there
is
no
reliable
evidence
indicating
that
ammonia
is
carcinogenic.
BIBRA
notes
a
poorly
reported
study
(
Gaafar
et
al
1992)
in
which
one
of
50
adult
mice
exposed
15
minutes/
day,
6
days/
week
for
8
weeks
to
"
ammonia
vapour"
(
derived
from
a
12%
ammonia
solution,
but
not
further
specified)
developed
nasal
cancer.
However,
there
was
a
low
incidence
of
other
microscopic
changes
in
the
nasal
tissues
suggestive
of
a
tumorigenic
response.
Reference:
1)
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990.
Health
Effects
Assessment
for
Ammonia.
Prepared
for
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
Washington,
D.
C.
2)
BIBRA.
1995.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonia.
BIBRA
International.
3)
World
Health
Organization
(
WHO).
1986.
Ammonia
 
Environmental
Health
Criteria
54.
Geneva:
International
Programme
on
Chemical
Safety.
35
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
5.8
TOXICITY
TO
REPRODUCTION
Remarks:
No
specific
reproductive
toxicity
tests
were
identified.

5.9
DEVELOPMENTAL
TOXICITY/
TERATOGENICITY
Remarks:
No
specific
developmental
or
teratogenicity
tests
were
identified.

5.10
OTHER
RELEVANT
INFORMATION
Remarks:
No
specific
information
was
identified.

5.11
EXPERIENCE
WITH
HUMAN
EXPOSURE
Results:
Pulmonary
function
testing
showed
a
moderate
restrictive
defect
with
a
carbon
monoxide
diffusing
capacity
of
53%
of
the
predicted
value.
A
formal
exercise
study
showed
ventilatory
restriction
on
attainment
of
a
maximum
oxygen
consumption.
A
transbronchial
lung
biopsy
with
fiberoptic
bronchoscopy
showed
interstitial
fibrosis
with
chronic
inflammation.
The
hypopharynx
was
noted
to
be
decreased
in
diameter.
Remarks:
The
study
subject
was
a
54­
year
 
old
man
with
history
of
mild
hypertension,
adult
onset
diabetes
mellitus,
and
a
20
pack­
year
history
of
smoking.
As
a
self­
employed
custodian,
he
was
exposed
to
ammonium
hydroxide
(
28%
solution)
on
a
daily
basis
for
19
years.
He
had
regular
episodes
of
upper
airway
irritation,
coughing,
and
eye
irritation
when
mixing
the
chemical
in
water.
These
results
were
presented
in
the
form
of
a
letter
to
the
editor.
Reference:
Kollef,
M.
H.
1987.
Chronic
ammonium
hydroxide
exposure.
Annals
of
Internal
Medicine
107(
1):
118.

6.
REFERENCES
3V
SIGMA
S.
p.
A
MOZZO
(
cited
in
European
Commission
2000).

Arillo,
A.,
Margiocco,
C.,
Melodia,
F.,
Mensi,
P.,
and
Schenone,
G.
1981.
Ammonia
toxicity
mechanism
in
fish:
studies
on
rainbow
trout
(
Salmo
gairdneri
Rich.).
Ecotoxicol.
Environ.
Safety
5:
316­
328.

BIBRA.
1995.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonia.
BIBRA
International.
36
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Champ,
M.
A.,
Lock,
J.
T.,
Bjork,
C.
D.,
Klussmann,
W.
G.,
and
McCullough,
Jr.,
J.
D.
1973.
Effects
of
anhydrous
ammonia
on
a
central
Texas
pond,
and
a
review
of
previous
research
with
ammonia
in
fisheries
management.
Trans.
Amer.
Fish.
Soc.
1:
73­
82.

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com
Internet
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Chen,
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C.
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Kou,
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Accumulation
of
ammonia
in
the
haemolymph
of
Penaeus
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185.

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1990.
Health
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Constable,
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McLeron,
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Craig,
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and
Moore,
D.
1999.
Canadian
Environmental
Protection
Act.
Priority
Substances
List
II:
Supporting
Document
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the
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Draft,
Unpublished
Version.
Government
of
Canada,
Environment
Canada.

Dabrowski,
H.
and
Skiora,
H.
1986.
Acute
toxicity
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121­
128.

Daubert,
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Danner,
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1989.
Physical
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thermodynamic
properties
of
pure
chemicals:
Data
compilation.
Design
Institute
for
Physical
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American
Institute
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Chemical
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Hemisphere
Publ.
Corp.
NY,
NY.
4
Vols.

Dowden,
B.
F.
and
Bennett,
H.
J.
1965.
Toxicity
of
selected
chemicals
to
certain
animals.
J.
Water
Pollut.
Control
Fed.
37(
9):
1308­
1316.

DSM,
Inventory
of
Data
on
chemicals,
Ammonia,
Delft.
1992.
LRO471001/
4150J.
In
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonia
hydroxide.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
200
CD­
ROM
Edition.

Ecological
Analysts,
Inc.
1981.
The
Sources,
Chemistry,
Fate,
and
Effects
of
Ammonia
in
Aquatic
Environments.
Washington,
D.
C.:
American
Petroleum
Institute.

Emerson,
K.,
Russo,
R.
C.,
Lund,
R.
E.,
and
Thurston,
R.
V.
1975.
Aqueous
ammonia
equilibrium
calculations:
effect
of
pH
and
temperature.
J.
Fish.
Res.
Board
Can.
32:
2379­
2383.

Erickson,
R.
J.
1985.
An
evaluation
of
mathematical
models
for
the
effects
of
pH
and
temperature
on
ammonia
toxicity
to
aquatic
organisms.
Water
Res.
19:
1047­
1058.

European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
hydroxide.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
Edition.

Hazardous
Substances
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1999.
Ammonium
Hydroxide.
National
Library
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Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.
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Evans,
D.
E.
and
Cameron,
J.
N.
1986.
Gill
ammonia
transport.
J.
Exp.
Zool.
239:
17­
23.
Thurston,
R.
V.,
Russo,
R.
C.,
Phillips,
G.
R.
1983.
Acute
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
fathead
minnows.
Trans.
Am.
Fish.
Soc.
112:
705­
711.

Fromm,
P.
O.,
and
Gillette,
J.
R.
1968.
Effect
of
ambient
ammonia
on
blood
ammonia
and
nitrogen
excretion
of
rainbow
trout
(
Salmo
gairdneri).
Comp.
Biochem.
Physiol.
26:
887­
896.

Kloppic,
E.,
Jasobasch,
G.,
and
Rapoprt,
S.
1967.
Enhancement
of
the
glycolytic
rate
by
action
of
ammonium
ion
on
phosphofructokinase
activity.
Original
in
German.
Acta.
Biol.
Med.
18:
37­
42.

Knepp,
G.
L.
and
Arkin,
G.
F.
1973.
Ammonia
toxicity
levels
and
nitrate
tolerance
of
channel
catfish.
Prog.
Fish.­
Cult.
35(
4):
221­
224.

Kollef,
M.
H.
1987.
Chronic
ammonium
hydroxide
exposure.
Annals
of
Internal
Medicine
107(
1):
118.

Lide,
D.
R.
1998.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
79th
ed.
New
York:
Lewis
Publishers.;
ECDIN
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
(
NIOSH).
1997.
NIOSH
Pocket
Guide
to
Chemical
Hazards.

Person­
LeRuyet,
J.,
Boeuf,
G.
Zambonin­
Infant,
J.,
Helgason,
S.,
and
Le
Roux,
A.
1998.
Short­
term
physiological
changes
in
turbot
and
seabream
juveniles
exposed
to
exogenous
ammonia.
Comp.
Biochem.
Physiol.
119A:
511­
518.

Randall,
D.
J.,
and
Wicks,
B.
J.
1999.
Fish:
ammonia
production,
excretion,
and
toxicity.
In
press.
Paper
presented
in
the
Fifth
International
Symposium
on
Fish
Physiology,
Toxicology,
and
Water
Quality.
University
of
Hong
Kong.

Thurston,
R.
V.,
Russo,
R.
C.,
and
Phillips,
G.
R.
1983.
Acute
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
fathead
minnows.
Trans.
Am.
Fish.
Soc.
112:
705­
711.

Toth,
B.
1972.
Hydrazine,
methylhydrazine
and
methylhydrazine
sulfate
carcinogenesis
in
Swiss
mice.
Int.
J.
Cancer.
9:
109.
In
World
Health
Organization
(
WHO).
1986.
Ammonia
 
Environmental
Health
Criteria
54.
Geneva:
International
Programme
on
Chemical
Safety.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA).
2000.
EPI
Suite
Estimation
Program
V.
3.10.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA).
1998.
1998
Update
of
Ambient
Water
Quality
Criteria
for
Ammonia.
Washington,
D.
C.:
Office
of
Water.
EPA
822­
R­
98­
008.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA).
1985.
Ambient
Water
Quality
Criteria
for
Ammonia
 
1984.
Washington,
D.
C.:
Office
of
Water
Regulations
and
Standards,
Criteria
and
Standards
Division.
EPA­
504/
5­
85­
006.
38
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CAS
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United
Nations
Industrial
Development
Organization
(
UNIDO)
and
International
Fertilizer
Development
Center
(
IFDC).
1998.
Fertilizer
Manual.
Kluwer
Academic
Publishers,
The
Netherlands.

Vernot,
E.
H.,
MacEwen,
J.
D.,
Haun,
C.
C.,
and
Kinkead,
E.
R.
1977.
Acute
toxicity
and
skin
corrosion
data
for
some
organic
and
inorganic
compounds
and
aqueous
solutions.
Toxicology
and
Applied
Pharmacology
42:
417­
423.

World
Health
Organization
(
WHO).
1986.
Ammonia
 
Environmental
Health
Criteria
54.
Geneva:
International
Programme
on
Chemical
Safety.
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
APPENDIX
A
 
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Explanation
of
Appendix
A
Appendix
A
is
a
SIDS
Data
Summary
table
that
provides
an
overview
of
availability
and
quality
of
the
data
used
in
this
Health
and
Environmental
Safety
Data
Summary
for
Aqua
Ammonium.
Y
(
Yes)
and
N
(
No)
designations
indicate
whether
data
are
available
that
meet
the
criteria
for
each
column.
The
columns
are
described
as:

Information:
Data
exist
that
were
useful
for
describing
the
data
element.
These
data
may
be
from
standard
laboratory
tests
or
from
generally
recognized
published
sources
or
professional
experience.

OECD
Study:
The
data
were
developed
using
standard
OECD
or
essentially
similar
(
e.
g.,
EPA
harmonized
protocols)
guidelines.

GLP:
The
data
were
developed
under
standard
Good
Laboratory
Practice
provisions.
These
generally
represent
the
highest
quality
data.

Other
Study:
Studies
were
conducted
that
could
not
be
definitively
identified
as
following
OECD
or
GLP
protocols.
These
studies
were
included
when
they
were
determined
to
be
of
adequate
quality
and
provided
relevant
information
to
the
characterization
of
the
compound.

Estimation
Method:
In
some
cases,
data
may
be
estimated
using
established
structure
activity
relationships.
These
methods
are
common
for
physical­
chemical
parameters
such
as
octanolwater
partition
coefficients
and
water
solubility.

Acceptable:
This
column
indicates
whether
the
data
are
deemed
acceptable
by
standard
acceptability
criteria
and
professional
judgment.
Only
the
data
meeting
adequacy
standards
are
included
in
this
summary
document.

SIDS
Testing
Recommended:
This
column
indicates
whether
additional
testing
is
recommended
based
on
an
evaluation
of
the
available
data
summarized
in
this
document.
It
is
generally
not
necessary
to
fill
all
of
the
apparent
data
gaps
in
order
to
adequately
characterize
the
inherent
hazard
of
chemicals.
Information
from
other
data
elements
and
from
other
chemicals
in
the
category,
along
with
professional
judgment,
are
useful
in
the
final
determination
of
the
need
for
further
testing.
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
SIDS
DATA
AVAILABILITY
SUMMARY
DATE:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
No:
1336­
21­
6
Information
OECD
Study
GLP
Other
Study
Estimated
Method
Acceptable
SIDS
Testing
Recommended
STUDY
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.2
Boiling
Point
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.3
Density
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
2.5
Partition
Coefficient
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
2.6
Water
Solubility
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
pH
and
pKa
Values
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.7
Flash
Point
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.9
Flammability
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
2.12
Oxidation:
Reduction
Potential
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
OTHER
P/
C
STUDIES
RECEIVED
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
3.2
Monitoring
Data
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
3.3
Transport
and
Distribution
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
3.5
Biodegradation
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
OTHER
ENV
FATE
STUDIES
RECEIVED
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
Toxicity
to
Fish
Y
N
N
Y
N
N
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Daphnia
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.3
Toxicity
to
Algae
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
Y
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
N
N
N
N
N
Y
N
OTHER
ECOTOXICITY
STUDIES
RECEIVED
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
No:
1336­
21­
6
Information
OECD
Study
GLP
Other
Study
Estimated
Method
Acceptable
SIDS
Testing
Recommended
STUDY
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
.
Chromosomal
aberration
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.7
Carcinogenicity
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.8
Reproduction
Toxicity
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.9
Development/
Teratogenicity
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.11
Human
Experience
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
OTHER
TOXICITY
STUDIES
RECEIVED
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
APPENDIX
B
 
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
the
Ammonia
Compounds
Category:
Ammonia,
Aqua
Ammonia,
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN),
Urea,
Ammonium
Nitrate,
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate,
Ammonium
Sulfate,
Ammonium
Thiosulfate,
Diammonium
Phosphate,
and
Monoammonium
Phosphate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Ammonia
Aqua
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
Decomposition
­
78oC
­
77oC
2.2
Boiling
Point
­
33oC
at
1
atm
36oC
2.3
Density
0.696
g/
L
at
20oC
0.9
g/
mL
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
7,600
mm
Hg
at
25oC
2.159
x
103
mm
Hg
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
OECD
107
­
1.14
at
25oC
2.6A
Water
Solubility
510­
530
g/
L
at
20oC
Miscible
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
pH:
10.6
in
0.01%

aqueous
solution
at
25oC
pKa:
9.25
at
25oC
4.75
at
25oC
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
flammable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
DIN
51
794
651oC
at
1
atm
Not
applicable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Not
explosive
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Not
an
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:

Reduction
Potential
1.275
V
1.275
V
2.13A
Additional
Data
Soil
sorption
,

Reaction
cylinder
Similar
to
first
order
reaction
See
text
2.13B
Henry's
Law
Constant
1.6
x
10­
5
atm
m3/
mol
2.13B
Specific
Gravity
0.6818
at
­
33.35oC
and
1
atm
2.13B
Viscosity
0.00982
cP
at
20oC
2.13B
Critical
Temperature
132­
133oC
2.13B
Critical
Pressure
111
atm
2.13B
Critical
Density
0.2362
g/
ml
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Ammonia
Aqua
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Undergoes
photolytic
degradation
3.12
Stability
in
Water
Field
study
in
Lake
St.

George,

Canada
Ke
=
25.6­
47.3
cm/
h
at
15.2­

15.0oC
Removed
from
aquatic
systems
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Laboratory
soil
columns
Mean
sorptions:

sand:
19%

loam:
28%

clay,
clay
loam,

and
silt
loam:
38%

3.3.1
Transport
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
I
99.98%
to
air,

<.
1%
each
to
water,
soil,
biota,

and
sediment
Miscible
in
water
3.5
Biodegradation
Rapidly
biodegraded
Miscible
in
water
and
readily
degrades
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Rapidly
assimilated
by
animals
and
plants
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Ammonia
Aqua
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Many
species
Mostly
96­
hr
LC50
=
0.09­
3.51
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Cyprinus
carpio
48
hr
semistatic
LC50
=
1.34­
1.70
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
96
hrs
LC50
>
103
mg/
L
Pimephalas
promelas
96
hrs
LC50
between
100
and
500
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
48­
hr,
ASTM
E
729­
80
LC50
=
2.94
mg
un­
ionized
NH3­

N/
L
Daphnia
magna
48
hr
static
LC50
=
32
mg
HN4OH/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Benthic
diatoms
Up
to
25
days
LOEC
=
0.5­
1.0
mg
N/
L
See
text
Chlorella
vulgaris
21
days
LOEC
=
500
mg
N/
L
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
Photobacterium
phosphoreum
5­
min,
tested
for
bioluminescence
EC50
=
1.49
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
Many
species
Various
(
12
d­
5
yrs)
NOEC
=
0.025­
1.2
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Many
species
See
text
Ictalurus
punctatus
8
days
LC50
=
37.5
ppm
total
ammonia
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
D.
magna
&

others
21
d­
76
weeks
NOEC
=
0.163­

0.42
mg
unionized
NH3/
L
See
text
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
Many
species
Various
(
4
mins­
16
hrs)
LOEC
=
3­
250
ppm
Can
cause
inhibition
of
photosynthesis
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
G.
domesticus
1
hr
injections
LD50
=
2.72
mM
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Ammonia
Aqua
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
=
350
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Cat
LD50
=
750
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Rat,
mouse
1
hr
LC50
=
4,230­

19,960
total
NH3/
m3
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
Rat,
mouse
1
hr
intravenous
LC50
=
45.5­
195.1
mg
total
NH3/
kg
bw
Rabbit
i.
v.
LDLo
=
10
mg/
kg
bw
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
Corrosive
to
skin
Rabbit
Corrosive
at
20%

but
not
10%

5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
Subacute
and
chronic
exposure
to
200­
1,000
ppm
produced
eye
damage.
100­
200
ppm
produced
moderate
to
severe
eye
irritation.
Rabbit
Irritating
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Rats,
guinea
pigs,
rabbits,

monkeys,

beagle
dogs
Inhalation,
up
to
770
mg/
m3
No
mortality
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Ammonia
Aqua
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium,

Saccharomyces
E.
coli
Bacterial
gene
mutation
assay
Negative
E.
coli
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chick
fibroblasts
Cytogenetic
assay
Induced
chromosomal
clumping,
polyploidy,
and
arrested
spindle
formation.
No
data
showing
that
ammonia
is
mutagenic
in
mammals.

5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Drosophila
melanogaster
Drosophila
mutagenicity
test
No
evidence
for
mutagenicity
No
evidence
for
mutagenicity
5.7
Carcinogenicity
No
carcinogenic
effects
Not
carcinogenic
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Pig
One
generation
study
Temporarily
depressed
mean
daily
gain
at
35
mg/
kg
in
gilts
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
51.0
Additional
Information
5.11
Human
Experience
Inhalation;

human
volunteers
Nasal
and
pulmonary
irritation
at
concentrations
of
about
100
ppm
and
higher
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
8
hr
TWA­
TLV
50
ppm
(
35
mg/
m3)
TLV
24
mg/
m3
24
mg/
m3
15
min
STELTLV
35
ppm
(
27
mg/
m3)
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Urea
Ammonium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
133oC
169.6oC
2.2
Boiling
Point
135oC
(
at
101
kPa)

(
decomposes)
210oC
2.3
Density
750
kg/
m3
1.725
g/
mL
at
25oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
Calculated
80
Pa
at
20oC
15
hPa
at
20oC
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
­
1.59
at
20­
25oC
OECD
107
­
3.1
at
25oC
2.6A
Water
Solubility
1,193
g/
L
at
25oC
1,920
g/
L
at
20oC
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
pH
=
7.2
(
100
g/
L)
pH
=
5.43
in
aqueous
solution
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
May
explode
under
high
temperature
or
strong
shocks
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Strong
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:

Reduction
Potential
2.13A
Additional
Data
See
text
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Urea
Ammonium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Does
not
photodegrade
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Calculated
t1/
2
>
1
year
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Binds
to
clay
particles
3.3.1
Transport
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated
(
Fugacity
Level
I)
0.16%
to
air
99.84%
to
water
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
III
0.251%
to
air
45.4%
to
water
54.2%
to
soil
0.757%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
OECD
302B
SCAS
24
hr
Ultimately
biodegradable
93­
98%
Readily
biodegraded
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Urea
Ammonium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Barillius
barna
96
hrs
LC50
>
9,100
mg/
L
Cyprinus
carpio
L.
48
hrs
LC50
=
1.15­
1.72
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
OECD
203
LC50
>
107
mg/
L
Chinook
salmon,
rainbow
trout,
bluegill
96
hrs
LC50
=
420­
1,360
mg
NO3/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
DIN
38412
Part
II;
24
hrs
EC50
>
10,000
mg/
L
Daphnia
magna
EC50
=
555
mg/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Scenedesmus
quadricauda
192
hr
cell
multiplication
inhibition
test
TT
>
10,000
mg/
L
Scenedesmus
quadricauda
EC50
=
83
mg/
L
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Bullia
digitalis
Up
to
7
days
NOEC
=
300
mg/
L
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
Applications
of
nitrogenous
fertilizers
to
grassland
for
long
period
may
have
deleterious
effects
on
earthworms
in
the
absence
of
liming.

4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plant
Glycine
max
(
L.)
Merr.
7
days
exposure
to
9
mg
urea/
leaf
Leaf­
tip
necrosis
See
text
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
Pigeon
Subcutaneous
LDLo
=
16,000
mg/
kg
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Urea
Ammonium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
=
14,300­

15,000
mg/
kg
Rat
OECD
401
LD50
=
2,800
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Mouse
LD50
=
11,500­

13,000
mg/
kg
Rat
OECD
401
LD50
=
2,462
mg/
kg
bw
Cattle
LD50
=
510
mg/
kg
Rat
OECD
401
LD50
=
2,950
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
LD50
=
4,500
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Rat
4
hrs
LC50
>
88.8
mg/
L
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat
4
hrs
LC50
>
5,000
mg/
kg
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
White
rat
Injected;
3
hrs
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
0.065
mg
NH4NO3­
N
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
Mouse
10%
solution
Not
irritating
Rabbit
Moderately
irritating
Rabbit
50%
solution
Not
irritating
Rabbit
Not
irritating
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Rat
24
weeks;

dermal
NOAEL
=
40%
in
ointment
Rat
Inhalation;
2
weeks
NOAEL
=
185
mg/
m3
Rat
Inhalation;
4
weeks
NOAEL
=
1
mg/
m3
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
Negative
Salmonella
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chinese
hamster
Mouse
Chromosomal
aberration
test
Mouse
lymphoma
TK
locus
assay
Positive
(
very
high
dose)
Positive
(
very
high
dose)
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Urea
Ammonium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Mouse
Bone
marrow
cytogenetic
test
Positive
(
extremely
high
dose)

5.7
Carcinogenicity
Mouse
Rat
12
month
diet
12
month
diet
Not
carcinogenic
Not
carcinogenic
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Mouse
12
month
carcinogenicity
screening
No
toxic
effects
in
gonads
reported
Rat
12
month
carcinogenicity
No
toxic
effects
in
gonads
reported
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Rat
2
doses/
day
x
14
days
gavage
Not
teratogenic
Rat
NOAEL
>
57
mg/
kg/
day
5.10
Metabolism
and
Toxicokinetics
No
sensory
irritation
5.11
Human
Experience
Despite
extensive
medical
use,
no
significant
side
effects
on
humans
have
been
noted
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
No
TLV
established
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
No
TLV
established
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
235­
512oC
150oC
155
°
C
2.2
Boiling
Point
872oC
Decomposes
2.3
Density
1.77
g/
mL
0.7­
1.679
g/
mL
0.93­
1.619
g/
mL
at
20oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
<
100
Pa
at
20
°
C
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
OECD
107
­
5.1
2.6A
Water
Solubility
7.5
x
105
mg/
L
at
20oC
1,800
g/
L
at
20oC
588
g/
L
at
20
°
C
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
5.0
200
g/
L
6.5­
7.2
~
8
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
May
explode
if
mixed
with
oxidizers
May
explode
when
mixed
with
chlorate
Not
explosive
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Not
an
oxidizer
Not
an
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:

Reduction
Potential
2.13A
Additional
Data
See
text
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Not
a
significant
dissipation
mechanism
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Stable
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,

fugacity
level
III
0.0156%
to
air
44.1%
to
water
55.8%
to
soil
0.0754%
to
sediment
Calculated,

fugacity
level
III
0.151%
to
air
49.9%
to
water
49.8%
to
soil
0.0893%
to
sediment
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
III
6.5
x
10­
15%
to
air
45.3%
to
water
54.6%
to
soil
0.0755%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Coho
salmon,
Rainbow
trout,
Large
mouth
bass,

Fathead
minnow,
etc.
24­
96
hrs
LC50
=
90
to
>
1,500
mg/
L
Guppy
DIN
38412
LC50
>
200
mg/
L
Coho
salmon,
Chinook
salmon,
Rainbow
trout,
Bluegill,

Large
mouth
bass,
Tilapia,
Fathead
minnow
96
hrs
LC50
=
90­
1,875
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
50­
96
hrs
EC50
>
433
mg/
L
Amphipod
96
hrs
LC50
=
40­
52
mg/
L
Amphipod
96
hrs
LC50
=
40­
62
mg/
L
Snail,
Worm
96
hrs
LC50
=
1,005­

2,472
mg/
L
Snails,
worm
48­
96
hrs
LC50
=
>
100­
700
mg/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Chlorella
vulgaris
21
days
NOEC
=
250
mg
N/
L
Selenastrum
capricornutum
72
hrs
NOEC
(
toxicity)

=
97.1
mg
DAP/
L
NOEC
(
stimulation)
=

3.57
mg
DAP/
L
Various
17
days
NOEC
=
50
µ
g
NH4­
N/
L
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
Photobacterium
phosphoreum
Microtox
EC50
=
1.49
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Anaerobic
bacteria
ETAD
fermentation
tube
EC50
=
3,000
mg/
L
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
Rainbow
trout
12
&
35
days
LC50
=
0.26­
0.68
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Pink
salmon
21,
40
&
61
days
NOEC
=
1.2
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Channel
catfish
6
months
LOEC
=
100­
500
mg/
L
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
=
>
2,000
­

4,250
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
LD50
=
1,950­

2,890
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Mouse
LD50
=
640
mg/
kg
bw
Mouse
LD50
=
2,100
­
>

3,000
mg/
kg
bw
Goat
LD50
=
3,500
mg/
kg
bw
Guinea
pig
LD50
=
1,100
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Rabbit
1
hr
LD50
>
2,200
µ
g/
m3
Rat
4
hrs
LC50
>
2,260
mg/
m3
Mouse
4
hrs
LC50
>
1,800
mg/
m3
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat,
mouse
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
402
LD50
>
5,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
Rat
injected;
3
hrs
MLD
=
0.094
mg
(
NH4)
2SO4­
N
Mouse
i.
p.
LD50
=
610
mg/
kg
bw
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
Rabbit
Not
irritating
Rabbit
OECD
404
Not
irritating
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
Rabbit
Not
irritating
Rabbit
OECD
405
Not
irritating
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Rat
8
months;
5
hrs/
day;
5
days/
wk;
inhalation
Mild
&
transient
effects
at
0.5
mg/
m3.
See
text
Rat
Oral;
45­
90
days
LOAEL
=
300
mg/
kg/
day
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
250
mg/
kg/
day
Rat
Inhalation;
2
or
4
months
LOAEL
=
26.77
mg/
m3
Rat
Dermal;
20
days
LOAEL
=
45%

(
NH4)
2S2O3
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
OECD
471
Negative
Salmonella
typhimurium
OECD
471
Negative
Salmonella
typhimurium
OECD
471
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
Negative
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
Negative
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
OECD
473
Negative
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Rat,
mouse
Oral
single
dose
NOAEL
=
5,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.7
Carcinogenicity
Rat,
hamster
Not
carcinogenic
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Chicken
eggs
NOAEL
>
10
mg/
egg
Rat,
mouse,

hamster
Oral
NOAEL
>
550
mg/
kg/
day
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
5.10
Metabolism
and
Toxicokinetics
See
text
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
1­
2g
See
text
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Monammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
190
°
C
2.2
Boiling
Point
Decomposes
2.3
Density
1.83
g/
mL
at
25oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
<
100
Pa
at
20
°
C
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
2.6A
Water
Solubility
328
g/
L
at
20
°
C
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
4.2
in
0.2M
aqueous
solution
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Not
explosive
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Not
an
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:

Reduction
Potential
2.13A
Additional
Data
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Monammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Stable
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
III
3.98
x
10­
12%
to
air
45.3%
to
water
54.6%
to
soil
0.0755%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Monammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
96
hrs
LC50
>
85.9
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)

4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Aqua
Ammonia
CAS
#
1336­
21­
6
Monammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat
OECD
402
LD50
>
5,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
.
Chromosomal
aberration
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
5.7
Carcinogenicity
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
5.10
Metabolism
and
Toxicokinetics
See
text
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
