PAGE
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
William
C.
Herz
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
M
E
M
O
R
A
N
D
U
M
TO:
Product
Testing
Recipient
FROM:
William
C.
Herz,
Director,
Scientific
Programs
SUBJECT:
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Product
Testing
Dossier
DATE:
March
15,
2003
It
is
with
great
pleasure
that
The
Fertilizer
Institute
(
TFI)
announces
the
completion
and
distribution
of
the
final
product
testing
dossier
for
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
(
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8).

As
you
are
aware,
TFI
sponsored
this
four
 
year
program
to
develop
and
summarize
screeninglevel
hazard
information
for
high
production
volume
(
HPV)
chemicals.
The
data
elements
generated
represent
a
broad
overview
of
human
health
and
ecological
parameters.
These
include
a
physical
­
chemical
characterization,
environmental
fate,
mammalian
toxicity
and
ecotoxicity.
A
health
and
environmental
safety
data
summary
dossier
was
prepared
for
each
of
the
23
materials.
It
summarizes
the
available
literature
data,
new
testing
data,
category
description
and
read
across
data
as
well
as
provides
a
conclusion
regarding
the
inherent
hazards
of
the
material.

Upon
receipt
of
this
data
a
90
calendar
day
regulatory
trigger
starts
within
which
you
must
update
your
material
safety
data
sheets
(
MS­
DS).
Upon
first
product
shipment
you
must
also
notify
your
distributors
and
employers
once
the
MS­
DS
has
been
updated.
These
regulatory
requirements
are
detailed
in
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
5)
and
29
CFR
1910.1200(
g)(
6)(
i).
The
requirements
are
found
in
the
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
Administration
"
Hazard
Communication
Standard"
(
29
CFR
1910.1200).

Please
note
that
by
receipt
of
this
data;
you
agree
not
to
distribute
or
sell
this
data
beyond
your
own
company.
PAGE
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
HEALTH
&
ENVIRONMENTAL
SAFETY
DATA
SUMMARY
DOCUMENT
AMMONIUM
THIOSULFATE
CAS
NO.
7783­
18­
8
Prepared
for:

THE
FERTILIZER
INSTITUTE
January
27,
2003
THE
WEINBERG
GROUP
INC.
1220
Nineteenth
St,
NW,
Suite
300
Washington,
DC
20036­
2400
e­
mail
science@
weinberggroup.
com
WASHINGTON
NEW
YORK
SAN
FRANCISCO
BRUSSELS
PARIS
PAGE
INTENTIONALLY
LEFT
BLANK
TABLE
OF
CONTENTS
Page
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW...................................................................................................
1
SIDS
DATA
PROFILE..........................................................................................................
8
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARY.....................................................................................................
9
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION....................................................................................
11
2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA..............................................................................
15
3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS.....................................................
17
4.
ECOTOXICITY.........................................................................................................
20
5.
TOXICITY.................................................................................................................
22
6.
REFERENCES
..........................................................................................................
29
APPENDICES
Appendix
A
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
Appendix
B
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
the
Ammonia
Compounds
Category:
Ammonia,
Aqua
Ammonia,
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN),
Urea,
Ammonium
Nitrate,
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate,
Ammonium
Sulfate,
Ammonium
Thiosulfate,
Diammonium
Phosphate,
and
Monoammonium
Phosphate
ACRONYMS
AND
ABBREVIATIONS
BCF
Bioconcentration
Factor
bw
Body
Weight
DAP
Diammonium
Phosphate
DOT
Department
of
Transportation
FDA
U.
S.
Food
and
Drug
Administration
g/
L
Grams
per
Liter
GLP
Good
Laboratory
Practices
GTSP
Granular
Triple
Super
Phosphate
g/
mL
Grams
per
Milliliter
HSDB
Hazardous
Substance
Data
Bank
IPCS
International
Programme
for
Chemical
Safety
KNO3
Potassium
Nitrate
Koc
Organic
Carbon
Partition
Coefficient
Kow
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
LC50
Median
Lethal
Concentration
LD50
Median
Lethal
Dose
LOAEL
Lowest
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
LOEC
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Concentration
LOEL
Lowest
Observable
Effect
Level
M
Molar
MAP
Monoammonium
Phosphate
mg/
kg
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
mg/
kg/
day
Milligrams
per
Kilogram
per
Day
mg/
L
Milligrams
per
Liter
MHb
Methyl
Hemoglobin
mm
Hg
Millimeters
of
Mercury
mmol/
L
Millimoles
per
Liter
NaNo3
Sodium
Nitrate
NFPA
National
Fire
Prevention
Association
(
NH4)
2NO3
Ammonium
Nitrate
NIOSH
National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health
NO3
Nitrate
NOAEL
No
Observable
Adverse
Effect
Level
NOEC
No
Observable
Effect
Concentration
NOEL
No
Observable
Effect
Level
OECD
Organisation
for
Economic
Co­
operation
and
Development
Pa
Pascal
ppm
Parts
per
Million
SCAS
Semi
Continuous
Activated
Sludge
SIDS
Screening
Information
Data
Set
SSP
Single
Super
Phosphate
TLm
Median
Toxicity
Level
TLV
Threshold
Limit
Value
TFI
The
Fertilizer
Institute
UAN
Urea
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
1
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
EXECUTIVE
OVERVIEW
I.
Introduction
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
on
behalf
of
its
member
companies,
initiated
a
Product
Testing
Project
to
collect,
review,
summarize,
and
where
necessary
develop
additional
health
and
environmental
safety
data
for
23
of
its
high
production
volume
inorganic
fertilizer
materials.
These
data
and
summaries
provide
valuable
information
that
can
be
used
to
update
Material
Safety
Data
Sheets,
answer
customers'
questions,
and
support
product
stewardship
efforts.
The
chemical
industry
is
also
participating
in
a
voluntary
program
of
comparable
scope
for
high
production
volume
organic
chemicals.
1
The
23
fertilizer
materials
were
divided
into
five
categories
(
i.
e.,
ammonia
compounds,
nitrate
compounds,
phosphate
compounds,
salts
and
acids)
based
on
their
primary
constituents
as
shown
in
Table
1.
The
use
of
categories
is
a
recognized
and
accepted
method
that
allows
health
and
environmental
safety
data
from
one
chemical
in
the
category
to
be
used
to
represent
one
or
more
other
related
chemicals
in
the
category
(
USEPA
1999).
The
key
is
to
find
similar,
or
at
least
predictable,
patterns
and
trends
among
the
chemicals
in
a
category.
In
this
way,
data
can
be
pooled,
resources
are
optimized,
and
fewer
animals
are
used
in
testing,
all
without
losing
the
ability
to
evaluate
the
hazards
and
safety
of
the
individual
chemicals.
Note
that
some
of
the
materials
fall
into
more
than
one
category
(
e.
g.,
diammonium
phosphate
[
DAP]
is
in
both
the
phosphate
and
ammonia
categories).

Searches
were
conducted
using
on­
line
databases,
standard
scientific
data
compendia,
and
other
published
sources
for
toxicity,
ecotoxicity,
environmental
fate,
and
physicalchemical
properties.
The
collected
data
were
reviewed
for
quality
and
acceptability
and
then
summarized
according
to
the
Organization
for
Economic
Cooperation
and
Development
(
OECD)
Screening
Information
Data
Set
(
SIDS)
dossier
format
(
OECD
1997).
The
OECD
countries
(
including
the
United
States)
have
agreed
on
a
set
of
tests
and
on
types
of
data
that
are
generally
necessary
to
characterize
the
chemical
behavior
and
potential
hazards
of
chemicals
released
into
the
environment.
The
OECD
SIDS
dossier
was
chosen
as
a
standard
format
for
the
TFI
Product
Testing
Project
in
order
that
it
would
be
scientifically
defensible,
broadly
applicable
and
easily
understandable
to
a
wide
range
of
stakeholders.

The
following
sections
of
this
Executive
Overview
provide:
the
rationale
for
development
of
the
Ammonia
Compounds
category
(
Section
II);
a
synopsis
of
the
available
data
related
to
the
physical­
chemical
properties,
environmental
fate,
ecotoxicity
and
toxicity
of
ammonium
thiosulfate
(
Section
III);
and
a
conclusion
regarding
the
adequacy
of
the
data
to
sufficiently
characterize
the
category
and
the
need
for
additional
testing
(
Section
IV).

The
data
for
ammonium
thiosulfate
are
summarized
in
the
Chemical
Profile
and
Data
Summary
tables.
Because
the
evaluation
of
data
adequacy
relies
on
a
category
approach,

1
HPV
Chemical
Challenge
Program;
USEPA
1999
(
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
opptintr/
chemrtk/
volchall.
htm)
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
2
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
the
Data
Summary
table
references
Appendix
B
when
data
are
available
for
one
or
more
of
the
other
materials
in
the
category
for
those
data
elements
where
no
data
specific
to
ammonium
thiosulfate
are
available.
Appendix
B
provides
a
summary
of
the
data
for
all
of
the
ammonia
compounds
in
the
category.
The
individual
studies
for
ammonium
thiosulfate
itself
are
presented
in
subsequent
pages
of
this
document.
Separate
data
summary
documents
are
available
for
each
of
the
ammonia
compounds
in
the
category.
Special
attention
should
be
given
to
the
summary
documents
for
ammonium
sulfate.

II.
Rationale
for
the
Ammonia
Compounds
Category
The
ammonia
compounds
category
for
fertilizer
materials
includes
anhydrous
ammonia,
aqua
ammonia,
nitrogen
solutions,
several
ammonium
salts,
di­
and
monoammonium
phosphates,
and
urea.
These
compounds
are
grouped
because
of
chemical
composition
similarities
and
the
dissociation
into
un­
ionized
ammonia
(
NH3)
and/
or
the
ammonium
ion
(
NH4
+).
The
compounds
have
similar
and
generally
predictable
patterns
of
behavior
in
the
environment
as
well
as
toxicological
properties.
The
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
aquatic
organisms
is
highly
dependent
on
physicochemical
factors,
most
notably
pH
because
of
its
importance
in
chemical
speciation
(
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990).
The
acute
toxicity
of
ammonia
is
also
influenced
to
a
lesser
degree
by
temperature,
carbon
dioxide,
dissolved
oxygen,
and
salinity.
In
aqueous
solution,
ammonia
exists
primarily
in
two
forms,
un­
ionized
ammonia
(
NH3)
and
the
ammonium
ion
(
NH4
+),
which
are
in
equilibrium
with
each
other
according
to
the
following
established
relationship:

NH3(
aq)
+
H2O
 
NH4
+
+
OH­

In
general,
as
pH
increases,
the
fraction
of
the
total
ammonia
which
is
un­
ionized
increases.
It
is
this
un­
ionized
ammonia
which
is
generally
considered
to
be
the
primary
cause
of
toxicity
in
aquatic
systems
(
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990).
Un­
ionized
ammonia
is
more
toxic
to
aquatic
organisms
than
the
ammonium
ion
because
the
unionized
form
is
readily
soluble
in
the
lipid
of
the
cell
membrane
and
is
rapidly
absorbed
by
the
gill.
In
contrast,
the
charged
ion
is
not
easily
passed
through
the
charged­
line
hydrophobic
space
in
the
membrane.
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA)
studies
indicate
that
un­
ionized
ammonia
is
190
times
more
toxic
to
guppies
than
ammonium
ion
(
USEPA
1985;
1998).

Multiple
EPA
studies
in
aquatic
systems
have
shown
that
over
the
pH
range
of
6.5­
9.0,
the
toxicity
of
un­
ionized
ammonia
increases
as
the
pH
decreases
(
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990).
At
lower
pH
values,
this
can
be
attributed
to
either
the
increased
hydrogen
ion
concentration
increasing
the
toxicity
of
un­
ionized
ammonia
or
that
the
ammonium
ion
is
exerting
some
level
of
toxicity
at
the
lower
pH
(
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990).
However,
it
would
be
an
oversimplification
to
attribute
the
toxic
action
to
only
the
ammonium
ion
at
low
pH
and
to
only
un­
ionized
ammonium
at
high
pH
because
most
likely
both
forms
participate
when
total
ammonia
concentration
is
high
enough
to
cause
toxicity
symptoms
(
Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990).
To
incorporate
this,
a
joint
toxicity
model
has
been
proposed,
with
ammonium
causing
most
toxicity
at
high
pH
values
and
ammonium
ion
also
contributing
to
toxicity
at
lower
pH
values
(
Erickson
1985;
Ankley
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
3
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
1995).
This
is
supported
through
studies
demonstrating
that
at
low
pH
a
new
inward
flux
of
ammonium
ion
can
occur
across
the
gills
of
aquatic
species
(
Evans
and
Cameron
1986;
Ankley
1995).
Still,
under
most
environmental
conditions,
the
un­
ionized
ammonia
concentration
is
the
primary
driver
of
toxicity.
In
mammalian
systems,
the
un­
ionized
ammonia
again
is
the
primary
toxic
agent,
based
on
the
pH­
dependency
of
its
distribution
(
i.
e.,
NH3
diffuses
more
easily
than
NH4+).
It
should
be
noted
that
due
to
the
pH
of
most
biological
systems,
ammonia
typically
exists
in
the
ionized
form
in
the
body.
Nitrate
(
NO2,
a
microbial
degradate
of
NH3)
however,
can
play
a
more
important
role
in
toxicity
in
mammalian
systems
than
in
aquatic
systems.

III.
Summary
of
Data
Available
for
the
Ammonia
Compounds
Category
Detailed
data
summaries
for
aqua
ammonia
are
included
in
subsequent
sections
of
this
Health
and
Environmental
Safety
Data
Summary
Document
for
Ammonium
Thiosulfate.
These
data
are
briefly
summarized
here.
While
ammonia
compounds
may
exist
as
gases
(
e.
g.,
anhydrous
ammonia)
or
liquids,
much
of
the
aquatic
testing
must,
by
necessity,
be
conducted
on
ammonia
in
the
form
of
a
liquid
(
e.
g.,
NH4Cl
is
commonly
used
in
aquatic
testing).
Gaseous
ammonia
was
used
for
inhalation
testing
of
mammals,
with
ammonia
salts
(
e.
g.,
NH4OCOCH3)
often
used
for
testing
by
other
routes.

Physical­
Chemical
Data
The
density
of
gaseous
ammonia
is
0.696
g/
L
at
20
º
C
and
therefore
is
lighter
than
air.
Liquid
ammonia
is
lighter
than
water,
with
a
density
of
682
g/
L
as
reported
in
Constable
et
al.
(
1999).
With
solubility
values
ranging
from
around
510
to
1,920
g/
L,
ammonia
compounds
are
readily
soluble
in
water,
where
they
ionize
to
form
NH4
+
under
most
environmental
conditions.
Aqueous
and
anhydrous
ammonia
are
volatile,
as
shown
by
their
high
vapor
pressures
(
2,159
and
7,600
mm
Hg
at
25
°
C,
respectively).
The
salts
of
ammonia
are
less
volatile.

Environmental
Fate
and
Pathway
Because
of
its
high
volatility,
anhydrous
and
aqua
ammonia
are
more
likely
to
be
present
in
the
atmosphere
or
used
by
biological
organisms.
Of
the
fraction
not
taken
up
by
row
crops,
most
of
the
ammonia
released
from
fertilizer
goes
to
the
air
rather
than
to
surface
or
ground
water.
The
high
solubility
of
the
other
ammonia
compounds
suggests
that
at
the
pH
of
most
biological
systems
ammonia
exists
predominantly
in
the
ionized
form
(
NH4
+).
The
fate
of
ammonia
is
driven
by
its
important
role
in
the
nitrogen
cycle,
including
relatively
rapid
assimilation
and
degradation
by
living
organisms.
The
nitrogen
cell
is
well
known
(
e.
g.,
see
ww.
geog.
ouc.
bc.
ca/
physgeog/
contents/
9s.
html).
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
4
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Ecotoxicity
Acute
96­
hour
LC50
values
for
fish
from
the
literature
range
from
0.08­
3.51
mg
unionized
NH3/
L,
and
from
about
13
to
over
500
mg
total
NH3/
L.
1
Numerous
differences
between
studies
easily
account
for
the
variability
observed
in
acute
toxicity,
among
them
test
species,
age
of
test
subjects,
test
type
(
static
or
flow­
through),
temperature,
and
most
notably,
pH.
In
addition
to
these
literature
values,
acute
fish
studies
were
conducted
under
Good
Laboratory
Practice
(
GLP)
conditions
on
nitrogen
solutions
(
as
UAN),
ammonium
phosphate
sulfate,
and
monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP).
No
lethal
or
sublethal
effects
were
observed
in
any
of
these
studies
at
nominal
concentrations
up
to
100
mg
total
NH3/
L
(
measured
concentrations
of
85­
107
mg
total
NH3/
L),
which
were
the
highest
concentrations
tested.
A
similar
range
of
literature
values
was
found
with
Daphnia
and
other
aquatic
invertebrates
(
EC50
=
0.19­
22.84
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L).
Algae
can
tolerate
relatively
high
aqueous
ammonia
concentrations,
as
they
readily
assimilate
the
nitrogen,
and
phosphorus
in
the
case
of
MAP
and
DAP.
Response
of
aquatic
organisms
to
chronic
exposures
of
ammonia
compounds
is
similar
to
the
acute
effects.
Based
on
the
standard
Federal
Insecticide
Fungicide
and
Rodenticide
Act
(
FIFRA)
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
fish
and
Daphnia
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category
may
be
very
highly
toxic
to
aquatic
organisms.

EC/
LC50
(
mg/
L)
Toxicity
Description
<
0.1
Very
Highly
Toxic
0.1­
1
Highly
Toxic
1­
10
Moderately
Toxic
10­
100
Slightly
Toxic
>
100
Practically
Non­
Toxic
In
addition,
high
concentrations
of
ammonia
affects
photosynthetic
and
respiratory
pathways
in
terrestrial
plants
and
may
result
in
foliar
necrosis.

Mammalian
Toxicity
Acute
toxicity
Reported
acute
oral
LD50
values
for
ammonia
compounds
ranged
from
350­
14,300
mg/
kg
body
weight
(
bw),
primarily
in
rats
and
mice,
with
ammonium
sulfate
having
the
most
variability.
Inhalation
toxicity
data
are
available
for
anhydrous
ammonia
and
several
ammonium
salts,
and
indicate
a
lack
of
systemic
toxicity
by
this
route
of
exposure.
Dermal
studies
are
available
for
ammonium
sulfate
and
ammonium
nitrate
and
report
acute
LD50
values
of
>
2,000
and
>
5000
mg/
kg
bw,
respectively.
To
supplement
the
acute
studies
available
in
the
literature
for
members
of
the
ammonia
category,
additional
acute
studies
were
conducted
with
ammonium
nitrate
(
dermal),
ammonium
phosphate
1
Ammonia
toxicity
values
may
be
reported
as
"
un­
ionized
NH3/
L"
(
i.
e.,
concentration
based
on
the
molecular
weight
of
the
compound),
as
"
un­
ionized
NH3­
N/
L"
(
i.
e.,
concentration
based
on
the
molecular
weight
of
only
the
nitrogen
portion
of
the
compound),
or
as
"
total
NH3/
L"
(
i.
e.,
concentration
based
on
the
molecular
weight
of
both
the
un­
ionized
and
ionized
compounds).
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
5
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
sulfate
(
oral),
DAP
(
oral
and
dermal),
and
MAP
(
oral
and
dermal).
All
of
these
studies,
which
were
conducted
using
OECD
protocols
under
GLP
conditions,
resulted
in
no
signs
of
lethal
or
sublethal
toxicity
at
doses
equal
to
2000
mg/
kg
bw
(
for
the
oral
studies)
and
5000
mg/
kg
bw
(
for
the
dermal
studies).
Based
on
the
standard
FIFRA
acute
toxicity
ratings
for
mammals
(
below),
the
compounds
in
this
category
are
considered
to
be
of
low
to
very
low
toxicity
(
40
CFR
156.62).

Toxicity
Category
I
II
III
IV
Toxicity
Rating
High
Moderate
Low
Very
Low
Oral
LD50
 
50
mg/
kg
>
50­
500
mg/
kg
>
500­
5000
mg/
kg
>
5000
mg/
kg
Dermal
LC50
 
200
mg/
kg
>
200­
2000
mg/
kg
>
2000­
20,000
mg/
kg
>
20,000
mg/
kg
Inhalation
LC50
 
0.2
mg/
L
>
0.2­
2
mg/
L
>
2­
20
mg/
L
>
20
mg/
L
Genotoxicity
Literature
data
for
anhydrous
ammonia
and
ammonium
sulfate
indicated
no
evidence
for
mutagenicity.
Additional,
bacterial
(
Ames
test)
and
non­
bacterial
(
CHO
chromosome
aberration
test)
in
vitro
genotoxicity
studies
were
conducted
on
ammonium
thiosulfate
and
DAP
under
GLP
conditions.
In
all
cases
the
results
were
negative,
indicating
no
evidence
of
genotoxicity
for
ammonia
compounds.

Repeated
dose
and
developmental
toxicity
No
mortality
was
observed
in
repeat
dose
inhalation
studies
in
rats,
guinea
pigs,
rabbits,
dogs
and
monkeys
at
anhydrous
ammonia
concentrations
up
to
770
mg
total
NH3/
m3,
although
reported
sublethal
effects
included
nasal,
eye
and
skin
irritation
and
inflammation.
A
one­
generation
reproduction
study
in
which
pigs
were
exposed
to
ammonia
from
manure
pits
resulted
in
no
significant
effects
on
onset
of
puberty
or
litter
size.
Repeat
dose
studies
on
ammonium
nitrate
and
urea
indicate
low
acute
toxicity.
Reproductive
and
developmental
toxicity
studies
conducted
on
these
two
compounds
and
urea
indicate
no
toxic
effects
to
rats,
mice
and
hamsters.
In
addition,
a
combined
protocol
(
OECD
422)
study
that
evaluates
repeat
dose
exposures
as
well
as
reproductive
and
developmental
endpoints
was
conducted
on
DAP
under
GLP
conditions.
Results
show
no
mortality
in
rats
given
doses
by
gavage
up
to
1,500
mg/
kg/
day.
Some
treatmentrelated
effects
on
haematology
were
evident,
and
bodyweight
gain
was
temporarily
reduced
in
the
high
dose
group,
after
which
they
regained
normal
weight
gain
levels.
No
treatment­
related
deaths
or
signs
of
clinical
toxicity
were
observed.
Mating
performance,
fertility,
and
offspring
all
were
unaffected
by
parental
exposure
to
DAP.

IV.
Conclusion
for
the
Ammonia
Compounds
Category
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
6
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Several
of
the
compounds
in
the
ammonia
category
have
been
extensively
studied.
Most
notably,
anhydrous
ammonia
has
an
essentially
complete
database
that
includes
several
published
reviews
(
e.
g.,
ATSDR
1990;
Constable
et
al.
1999;
Clement
1990;
Ecological
Analysts
1981;
NRC
1979;
USEPA
1985
and
1998;
and
WHO
1986).
The
database
for
ammonium
nitrate
is
also
largely
complete.
A
SIDS
dossier
for
urea
has
been
accepted
as
final
by
the
OECD.
Furthermore,
studies
have
been
conducted
under
GLP
conditions
to
address
key
endpoints
for
all
of
the
ammonia
category
compounds.
Consequently,
sufficient
data
are
available
to
characterize
the
physical­
chemical
properties,
environmental
fate,
ecotoxicity
and
toxicity
of
the
ammonia
category.
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
7
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
TABLE
1:
CATEGORIES
FOR
PRODUCT
TESTING
PROJECT
CATEGORY
COMPOUND
CAS
NUMBER
Ammonia
Compounds
Anhydrous
ammonia
Aqua
ammonia
Ammonium
nitrate
Ammonium
sulfate
Ammonium
thiosulfate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
Ammonium
phosphate
sulfate
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Urea
7664­
41­
7
1336­
21­
6
6484­
52­
2
7783­
20­
2
7783­
18­
8
15978­
77­
5
12593­
60­
1
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
57­
13­
6
Nitrate
Compounds
Sodium
nitrate
Ammonium
nitrate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Nitrogen
solutions
(
UAN)
7631­
99­
4
6484­
52­
2
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
15978­
77­
5
Phosphate
Compounds
Diammonium
phosphate
(
DAP)
Monoammonium
phosphate
(
MAP)
Liquid
polyphosphate
Single
superphosphate**
Granular
triple
superphosphate**
7783­
28­
0
7722­
76­
1
­­
8011­
76­
5
65996­
95­
4
Salts
Potassium
chloride
Potassium
magnesium
sulfate
Potassium
nitrate
Potassium
sodium
nitrate
Potassium
sulfate
Calcium
sulfate
7447­
40­
7
14168­
73­
1
7757­
79­
1
7757­
79­
1/
7631­
99­
4
7778­
80­
5
7778­
18­
9
Acids
Phosphoric
acid
Nitric
acid
Sulfuric
acid
7664­
38­
2
7697­
37­
2
7664­
93­
9
*
=
Nitrogen
solutions
are
represented
largely
by
Urea­
Ammonia­
Nitrogen
(
UAN;
15978­
77­
5)
**
=
Single
superphosphate
and
granular
triple
superphosphate
are
combined
into
a
single
dossier.
­­
=
No
CAS
number
readily
available
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
8
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
V.
REFERENCES
CITED
40
CFR
156.62.
Toxicity
Category.

Agency
for
Toxic
Substances
and
Disease
Registry
(
ATSDR).
1990.
Toxicological
Profile
for
Ammonia.

Ankley,
G.
T.,
Schubauer­
Berigan,
and
Monson,
P.
D.
1995.
Influence
of
pH
and
hardness
on
toxicity
of
ammonia
to
the
amphipod
Hyalella
azteca.
Can.
J.
Fish.
Aquat.
Sci.
52:
2078­
2083.

Clement
Associates,
Inc.
1990.
Health
Effects
Assessment
for
Ammonia.
Prepared
for
The
Fertilizer
Institute,
Washington,
D.
C.

Constable,
M.,
Jensen,
F.,
McLeron,
J.
Craig,
G.,
and
Moore,
D.
1999.
Canadian
Environmental
Protection
Act,
Priority
Substances
List
II:
Supporting
Document
for
Ammonia
in
the
Aquatic
Environment.
Draft,
Unpublished
Version.
Government
of
Canada,
Environment
Canada.

Ecological
Analysts,
Inc.
1981.
The
Sources,
Chemistry,
Fate,
and
Effects
of
Ammonia
in
Aquatic
Environments.
Washington,
D.
C.
American
Petroleum
Institute.

Erickson,
R.
J.
1985.
An
evaluation
of
mathematical
models
for
the
effects
of
pH
and
temperature
on
ammonia
toxicity
to
aquatic
organisms.
Water
Res.
19:
1047­
1058.

Evans,
D.
E.
and
Cameron,
J.
N.
1986.
Gill
ammonia
transport.
J.
Exp.
Zool.
239:
17­
23.

National
Research
Council
(
NRC).
1979.
Ammonia.
Subcommittee
on
Ammonia.
Committee
on
Medical
and
Biologic
Effects
of
Environmental
Pollutants.
Division
of
Medical
Sciences,
Assembly
of
Life
Sciences.
National
Research
Council.
Baltimore:
University
Park
Press.
NTIS
No.
PB
278­
027.

OECD.
1997.
SIDS
Manual.
OECD
Secretariat,
3rd
Revision,
July
1997.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA).
1985.
Ambient
Water
Quality
Criteria
for
Ammonia
 
1984.
Office
of
Water
Regulations
and
Standards,
Criteria
and
Standards
Division.
Washington,
D.
C.
EPA­
504/
5­
85­
006.

U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
USEPA).
1998.
1998
Update
of
Ambient
Water
Quality
Criteria
for
Ammonia.
Office
of
Water,
Washington,
D.
C.
EPA
822­
R­
98­
008.

USEPA.
1999.
Development
of
Chemical
Categories
in
the
HPV
Challenge
Program.
www.
epa.
gove/
chemrtk/
catdoc29.
pdf.

World
Health
Organization
(
WHO).
1986.
Ammonia
 
Environmental
Health
Criteria
54.
Geneva"
International
Programme
on
Chemical
Safety.
9
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
SIDS
DATA
PROFILE
Date:
January
27,
2003
1.01
A.
CAS
No.
7783­
18­
8
1.01
C.
CHEMICAL
NAME
(
OECD
NAME)
Ammonium
thiosulfate
1.01
D
CAS
DESCRIPTOR
Ammonium
thiosulfate
1.01
G
STRUCTURAL
FORMULA
(
NH4)
2S2O3
OTHER
CHEMICAL
IDENTITY
INFORMATION
Not
applicable
1.5
QUANTITY
50,000­
100,000
tonnes
per
annum
1.7
USE
PATTERN
Photography
and
fertilizer
applications
each
make
up
approximately
50%
of
the
uses.

1.9
SOURCES
AND
LEVELS
OF
EXPOSURE
Low
human
exposure
is
expected
because
ammonium
thiosulfate
is
manufactured
in
closed
systems.
Exposure
to
dusts
and
direct
contact
with
the
material
is
possible
during
fertilizer
applications.
ISSUES
FOR
DISCUSSION
The
data
for
ammonium
thiosulfate
should
be
evaluated
in
combination
with
the
other
materials
in
the
ammonia
category.
10
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARY
Date:
January
27,
2003
AMMONIUM
THIOSULFATE
(
CAS
NO.
7783­
18­
8)
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
150
°
C
2.2
Boiling
Point
No
data
available
2.3
Density
DIN
150697
0.7­
1.679
g/
mL
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
No
data
available
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
No
data
available
2.6A
Water
Solubility
1,800
g/
L
at
20oC
2.6B
pH
value
6.5­
7.2
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
See
Appendix
B
results*
2.9
Flammability
See
Appendix
B
results*
2.10
Explosive
Properties
May
explode
when
mixed
with
chlorate
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
See
Appendix
B
results*
2.12
Oxidation:
Reduction
Potential
See
Appendix
B
results*
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
See
Appendix
B
results*
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
See
Appendix
B
results*
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
See
Appendix
B
results*
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,
Fugacity
Level
III
0.151%
to
air
49.9%
to
water
49.8%
to
soil
0.0893%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
See
Appendix
B
results*
3.7
Bioaccumulation
See
Appendix
B
results*
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
Toxicity
to
Fish
Poecilia
reticulata
48
hrs
LC50
>
200
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
See
Appendix
B
results*
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
See
Appendix
B
results*
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
Anaerobic
bacteria
24
hrs
EC50
=
3,000
mg/
L
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
See
Appendix
B
results*
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
See
Appendix
B
results*
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
See
Appendix
B
results*
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
See
Appendix
B
results*

*
See
Appendix
B
results
for
data
on
other
chemicals
in
the
ammonia
category.
10
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
AMMONIUM
THIOSULFATE
(
CAS
NO.
7783­
18­
8)
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
=
1,950­
2,890
mg/
kg
bw
Mouse
LD50
=
2,100­>
3,000
mg/
kg
bw
Guinea
pig
LD50
=
1,100
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Toxicity
Rat
4
hrs
LC50
>
2,260
mg/
m3
Mouse
4
hrs
LC50
>
1,800
mg/
m3
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,
Other
Routes
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/
Corrosion
Rabbit,
rat
OECD
404
Not
irritating
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/
Corrosion
Rabbit
OECD
405
Not
irritating
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Toxicity
Rat
Oral;
45­
90
d
LOAEL
=
300
mg/
kg/
day
Rat
Inhalation;
2
or
4
months
LOAEL
=
26.77
mg/
m3
Rat
Dermal;
20
d
NOAEL
=
45%
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
OECD
471
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
OECD
473
Negative
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Rat,
mouse
Oral
Negative
5.7
Carcinogenicity
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.9
Developmental
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Rat
NOAEL
>
550
mg/
kg/
day
5.10
Additional
Information
See
Appendix
B
results*
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
*
See
Appendix
B
results
for
data
on
other
chemicals
in
the
ammonia
category.
11
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
1.
GENERAL
INFORMATION
1.01
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
A.
CAS
number
7783­
18­
8
B.
Name
(
IUPAC
name)
Ammonium
thiosulfate
C.
Name
(
OECD
name)
Ammonium
thiosulfate
D.
CAS
Descriptor
Not
applicable
E.
EINECS
Number
231­
982­
0
F.
Molecular
Formula
H8NS2O3
G.
Structural
Formula
(
NH4)
2S2O3
SMILES:
N(
H)(
H)(
H)(
H)
SS(=
O)(=
O)
ON(
H)(
H)(
H)(
H)

H.
Substance
Group
Not
applicable
I.
Substance
Remark
None
J.
Molecular
Weight
148.2
1.02
OECD
INFORMATION
A.
Sponsor
Country
Not
applicable
B.
Lead
Organization
Not
applicable
C.
Name
of
Responder
Name:
Mr.
William
C.
Herz,
Director
of
Scientific
Programs
Address/
Phones:
The
Fertilizer
Institute
Union
Center
Plaza
820
First
Street,
NE,
Suite
430
Washington,
DC
20002
USA
Tel:
(
202)
962­
0490
Fax:
(
202)
962­
0577
12
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
1.1
GENERAL
SUBSTANCE
INFORMATION
A.
Type
of
Substance
element
[
];
inorganic
[
X];
natural
substance
[
];
organic
[
];
organometallic
[
];
petroleum
product
[
]

B.
Physical
State
(
at
20
°
C
and
1.013
hPa)

gaseous
[
];
liquid
[
];
solid
[
X]

C.
Purity
60%
(
Technical
grade)
87%
(
Sulfur­
free)

1.2
SYNONYMS
Thiosulfuric
acid,
diammonium
salt
Ammonium
hyposulfite
Diammonium
thiosulfate
Ammonium
thiosulphate
1.3
IMPURITIES
Remarks:
None
identified
1.4
ADDITIVES
Remarks:
None
identified
1.5
QUANTITY
Remarks:
50,000
 
100,000
tonnes
per
annum
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

1.6
LABELING
AND
CLASSIFICATION
Remarks:
No
specific
labeling
requirements.
13
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
1.7
USE
PATTERN
A.
General
Type
of
Use:
Category:

(
a)
main
Wide
dispersive
industrial
Agricultural
use
Fertilizer
(
b)
main
Non
dispersive
industrial
Industrial
use
Photochemicals
Remarks:
Photography
and
agricultural
applications
each
make
up
approximately
50%
of
the
uses.
Less
than
2%
of
the
production
is
used
in
dechlorination,
analytical
reagents,
and
metal
cleaning
applications.
Reference:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
thiosulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.
HSDB.
1998.

B.
Uses
in
Consumer
Products
Remarks:
No
consumer
uses
1.8
OCCUPATIONAL
EXPOSURE
LIMIT
VALUE
Exposure
limit
value
Type:
OSHA
PEL
Value:
15
mg/
m3
total
dust;
5
mg/
m3
respirable
fraction.
Remark:
No
specific
limit
has
been
set,
however,
the
federal
OSHA
PEL
for
particulates
not
otherwise
regulated
applies
to
all
fertilizer
dusts.
Regulated
limits
may
vary
in
local
jurisdictions
Exposure
limit
value
Type:
OES
(
UK)
Value:
17
mg/
m3
Short
term
exposure
limit
value
Value:
24
mg/
m3
Length
of
exposure
period:
15
minutes
Remarks:
A
generic
total
nuisance
dust
limit
of
10
g/
m3
applies.
Reference:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
thiosulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.
14
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
1.9
SOURCES
OF
EXPOSURE
Remarks:
Ammonium
thiosulfate
can
be
absorbed
into
the
body
if
inhaled
or
ingested,
although
significant
human
and
environmental
exposures
during
manufacture
are
unlikely
if
the
process
is
well
managed.
Engineering
controls
such
as
mechanical
ventilation,
process
or
personnel
enclosure,
control
of
process
conditions,
and
process
modifications
significantly
reduce
exposure.
Local
exhaust
(
ventilation)
control
as
close
to
the
point
of
generation
is
both
the
most
economical
and
safest
method
to
minimize
personnel
exposure
to
airborne
concentrations.
Personal
protective
equipment
includes
neoprene
or
nitrile
gloves,
dust
masks
or
fume
hoods
as
appropriate,
chemical
safety
goggles,
and
impervious
apron,
sleeves
and
boots.
Field
exposure
to
workers
is
possible
when
handling
and
using
on
farms
as
a
fertilizer.
However,
liquid
fertilizers
are
commonly
injected,
which
reduces
contact
exposure.

Environmental
releases
are
controlled
at
the
manufacturing
plant.
Gaseous
emissions
are
low
due
to
use
of
scrubbers
and
liquid
effluent
is
recovered
as
much
as
possible.
Exposure
to
environmental
receptors
is
dependent
on
the
amount
used
as
fertilizer
on
fields,
the
climatic
conditions,
and
the
hydrological
conditions
of
the
area
of
application.
Nitrate
materials
are
common
in
the
environment
and
are
essential
nutrients
for
both
plants
and
animals.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
Thiosulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.
Hazardous
Substance
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1998.
Ammonium
Thiosulfate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD
1.10
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
A.
Options
for
disposal
Remarks:
Ammonium
thiosulfate
must
be
disposed
of
in
accordance
with
federal,
state
and
local
environmental
control
regulations.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
Thiosulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.
15
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
2.
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
MELTING
POINT
Value:
150
°
C
Decomposition:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
Ambiguous
[
]
Sublimation:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
Ambiguous
[
]
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
References:
Lide,
D.
R.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
71st
ed.
1991.
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
thiosulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

2.2
BOILING
POINT
Remarks:
No
data
available.

2.3
DENSITY
(
Relative
Density)

(
a)
Type:
Bulk
density
[
X];
Density
[
];
Relative
Density
[
]
Value:
0.7
 
0.9
g/
cm3
Method:
DIN
150
697
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Hoechst
AG
data
as
cited
in
IUCLID
Data
Sheet.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
thiosulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

(
b)
Type:
Bulk
density
[
];
Density
[
X];
Relative
Density
[
]
Value:
1.679
g/
mL
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
References:
Lide,
D.
R.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
71st
ed.
1991.

2.4
VAPOR
PRESSURE
Remarks:
No
data
available.
16
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
2.5
PARTITION
COEFFICIENT
logPow
Remarks:
No
data
available.

2.6
WATER
SOLUBILITY
A.
Solubility
Value:
1800
g/
L
Temperature:
20
°
C
Description:
Miscible
[
];
Of
very
high
solubility
[
X];
Of
high
solubility
[
];
Soluble
[
];
Slightly
soluble
[
]
Of
low
solubility
[
];
Of
very
low
solubility
[
];
Not
soluble
[
]
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Hoechst
AG
data
as
cited
in
IUCLID
Data
Sheet
References:
Budavari,
S.
1996.
Merck
Index.
12th
Ed.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
thiosulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

B.
pH
Value,
pKa
Value
(
a)
pH
Value:
6.5
 
7.2
Concentration:
200
g/
L
Temperature:
20
°
C
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Hoechst
AG
data
as
cited
in
IUCLID
Data
Sheet
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
thiosulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

(
b)
pH
Value:
6.5
 
7.0
Concentration:
60%
solution
Method:
No
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Reference:
Sax
Hawley's
Condensed
Chem.
Dictionary
11th
Ed.
1987.
p.
72.

2.7
FLASH
POINT
(
liquids)

Remarks:
Not
applicable
17
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
2.8
AUTO
FLAMMABILITY
(
solid/
gases)

Remarks:
No
data
available
2.9
FLAMMABILITY
Remarks:
No
data
available.

2.10
EXPLOSIVE
PROPERTIES
Remarks:
Residues
of
ammonium
thiosulfate
in
a
bulk
load
tanker
mixed
with
a
load
of
dry
solution
chlorate
subsequently
loaded.
An
exothermic
reaction
occurred
with
gas
evolution
during
several
hours.
Laboratory
tests
showed
that
such
a
mixture
could
be
made
to
decompose
explosively.
References:
Bretherick.
1979.
Handbook
of
Reaction
Chemistry
Hazards.
2nd
Edition.
P.
807
(
cited
in
HSDB).

2.11
OXIDIZING
PROPERTIES
Remarks:
No
data
available.

2.12
OXIDATION:
REDUCTION
POTENTIAL
Remarks:
No
data
available.

3.
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
AND
PATHWAYS
3.1
STABILITY
3.1.1
PHOTODEGRADATION
Remarks:
No
data
available.

3.1.2
STABILITY
IN
WATER
Remarks:
No
data
available.
18
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
3.1.3
STABILITY
IN
SOIL
Remarks:
No
data
available.

3.2
MONITORING
DATA
(
ENVIRONMENTAL)

Remarks:
No
data
available.

3.3
TRANSPORT
AND
DISTRIBUTION
BETWEEN
ENVIRONMENTAL
COMPARTMENTS
INCLUDING
ESTIMATED
ENVIRONMENTAL
CONCENTRATIONS
AND
DISTRIBUTION
PATHWAYS
3.3.1
TRANSPORT
Remarks:
No
data
available.

3.3.2
THEORETICAL
DISTRIBUTION
(
FUGACITY
CALCULATION)

Method:
Fugacity
Level
III
(
Mackay
type)
Mass
Distribution
by
Environmental
Compartment:
Air
0.151%
Water
49.9%
Soil
49.8%
Sediment
0.0893%
Reference:
USEPA.
2000.
EPISUITE
Estimation
Program
V.
3.10.
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency.

3.4
IDENTIFICATION
OF
MAIN
MODE
OF
DEGRADABILITY
IN
ACTUAL
USE
Remarks:
No
data
available.

3.5
BIODEGRADATION
Remarks:
No
data
available.

3.6
BOD5,
COD
OR
RATIO
BOD5/
COD
BOD5
Method:
Not
specified
Value:
0.62
lb/
lb
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Remarks:
Reported
in
HSDB
References:
Chris
Hazardous
Chemical
Data.
Vol.
II.
1984.
19
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
3.7
BIOACCUMULATION
Remarks:
No
data
available.

3.8
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
(
a)
Results:
Thiosulfate
was
rapidly
oxidized
upon
addition
to
soil.
In
the
25
and
50
mg
S/
kg
treatments,
thiosulfate
was
completely
oxidized
within
5­
and
12­
days
after
application,
respectively.
Thiosulfate
application
significantly
suppressed
the
formation
of
nitrate
from
applied
ammonium.
The
inhibitory
effect
of
thiosulfate
was
progressively
enhanced
with
increasing
application
rates,
and
was
at
least
partially
additive
to
that
of
nitrapyrin
application.
Unlike
most
nitrification
inhibitors,
however,
thiosulfate
predominantly
suppressed
the
second
stage
of
the
nitrification
process
and
resulted
in
the
accumulation
of
nitrite.
The
inhibitory
affect
of
thiosulfate
may
be
attributable
to
its
toxic
effect
on
Nitrobacter
and
other
nitrite­
oxidizing
microorganisms.
Therefore,
the
inhibition
of
ammonium
oxidation
may
be
a
secondary
effect
of
nitrite
accumulation.
Remarks:
This
laboratory
study
was
intended
to
determine
the
degree
and
persistence
of
thiosulfate's
inhibitory
effect
on
nitrification
of
ammonia
in
soil.
Samples
of
loamy
soil
were
treated
with
thiosulfate
(
24,
50,
or
100
mg
S/
kg),
nitrapyrin
(
a
commercial
nitrification
inhibitor),
nitrapyrin
and
thiosulfate,
and
unamended.
Each
treatment
was
replicated
21
times.
On
days
0,
2,
5,
8,
12,
16,
and
22,
samples
from
each
treatment
were
analyzed.
References:
Janzen,
H.
H.
and
Bettany,
J.
R.
1986.
Influence
of
thiosulfate
on
nitrification
of
ammonium
in
soil.
Soil
Sci.
Soc.
50:
803­
806.

(
b)
Results:
Treatment
with
ammonium
thiosulfate
fertilizer
did
not
have
an
effect
on
the
total
mass
of
nitrogen
taken
up
by
plants
or
the
amount
of
nitrate
leaching
from
the
columns.
Nitrate­
N
leaching
was
primarily
dependent
on
the
amount
of
water
moving
through
the
system.
Remarks:
Because
ammonium
thiosulfate
had
been
shown
to
be
a
nitrification
inhibitor
in
laboratory
studies,
its
usefulness
in
reducing
nitrate
leaching
was
evaluated
in
this
study.
Bulk
soil
samples
were
collected
from
0­
30,
30­
60,
and
60­
90
cm
and
packed
in
soil
columns.
Treatments
consisted
of
poultry
manure
(
PM)
and
urea­
ammonium
20
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
nitrogen
(
UAN),
alone
and
in
combination
with
ammonium
thiosulfate
(
ATS),
and
unamended.
Corn
was
grown
in
the
columns
to
create
a
dynamic
soil/
plant
system.
Columns
were
leached
periodically
with
deionized
water
over
a
period
of
10
weeks.
References:
Sallade,
Y.
E.
and
Sims,
J.
T.
1994.
Nitrate
leaching
in
an
Atlantic
coast
plain
soil
amended
with
poultry
manure
or
urea­
ammonium
nitrate:
influence
of
thiosulfate.
Water,
Air
and
Soil
Pollution
78:
307­
316.

4.
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
ACUTE/
PROLONGED
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
Type
of
test:
Static
[
X];
Semi­
static
[
];
Flow­
through
[
]
Species:
Poecilia
reticulata
(
guppy)
Exposure
period:
48
hours
Results:
LC50
>
200
mg/
L
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
X];
?
[
]
Method:
DIN
38412,
Teil
15,
1973.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
thiosulfate
((
NH4)
2S2O3)
Remarks:
Hoechst
AG
data
as
cited
in
IUCLID
Data
Sheet.
Effects
were
strongly
dependent
on
pH.
At
pH
values
greater
than
7,
more
free
ammonia
can
originate
and
the
effect
level
becomes
<
1
mg/
L.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
thiosulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

4.2
ACUTE
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
Remarks:
No
data
available.

4.3
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
PLANTS,
e.
g.
algae
Remarks:
No
data
available.

4.4
TOXICITY
TO
BACTERIA
Type:
Aquatic
[
X];
Field
[
];
Soil
[
];
Other
[
]
Species:
Anaerobic
bacteria
from
a
domestic
water
treatment
plant
Exposure
period:
24­
hours
Results:
EC50
=
3000
mg/
L
21
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Analytical
monitoring:
Yes
[
];
No
[
X];
?
[
]
Method:
ETAD
fermentation
tube
method
"
determination
of
damage
to
effluent
bacteria
by
the
fermentation
tube
method"
1973.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
X]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
thiosulfate
((
NH4)
2S2O3)
Remarks:
Hoechst
AG
data
as
cited
in
IUCLID
Data
Sheet.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
thiosulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

4.5
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
ORGANISMS
4.5.1
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
FISH
Remarks:
No
data
available.

4.5.2
CHRONIC
TOXICITY
TO
AQUATIC
INVERTEBRATES
Remarks:
No
data
available.

4.6
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
ORGANISMS
4.6.1
TOXICITY
TO
SOIL
DWELLING
ORGANISMS
Remarks:
No
data
available.

4.6.2
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
PLANTS
Remarks:
No
data
available.

4.6.3
TOXICITY
TO
OTHER
NON
MAMMALIAN
TERRESTRIAL
SPECIES
(
INCLUDING
AVIAN)

Remarks:
No
data
available.

4.7
BIOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
MONITORING
(
INCLUDING
BIOMAGNIFICATION)

Remarks:
No
data
available.
22
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
4.8
BIOTRANSFORMATION
AND
KINETICS
Remarks:
No
data
available.

4.9
ADDITIONAL
REMARKS
Remarks:
None
5.
TOXICITY
5.1
ACUTE
TOXICITY
5.1.1
ACUTE
ORAL
TOXICITY
(
a)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rat,
mouse
Value:
LD50
=
2890
mg/
kg
bw.
(
rat)
LD50
=
2100
mg/
kg
bw.
(
mouse)
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
thiosulfate
(
diammonium
salt)
References:
Babayan,
E.
A.
et
al.
1985.
Gig.
Truda
Prof.
Azbol.
6:
56.
(
Cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)

(
b)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Guinea
pig,
mouse,
rat
Value:
LD50
=
1100
mg/
kg
bw
(
guinea
pig)
LD50
=
>
3000
mg/
kg
bw.
(
mouse)
LD50
=
>
2890
mg/
kg
bw.
(
rat)
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
thiosulfate
(
diammonium
salt)
Remarks:
Convulsions
and
deaths
occurred
when
2450
mg/
kg
bw.
was
given
by
stomach
tube
to
rats.
No
overt
toxicity
in
rats
was
seen
at
200
mg/
kg
bw.,
but
there
was
damage
to
the
lungs,
liver,
kidneys,
brain,
heart
muscle,
spleen,
adrenals,
and
thyroid.
References:
Talakin,
Y.
N.
et
al.
1982.
Gig.
Truda
Prof.
Azbol.
6:
54.
(
Cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)
23
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
(
c)
Type:
LD0
[
];
LD100
[
];
LD50
[
X];
LDL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rat
Value:
LD50
=
1950
mg/
kg
bw.
Method:
OECD
Guideline
401,
1987
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
thiosulfate
((
NH4)
2S2O3)
Remarks:
Male
rats.
Hoechst
AG
data
as
cited
in
IUCLID
Data
Sheet.
References:
European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
thiosulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.

5.1.2
ACUTE
INHALATION
TOXICITY
(
a)
Type:
LC0
[
];
LC100
[
];
LC50
[
X];
LCL0
[
];
Other
[
]
Species/
strain:
Rat,
mouse
Exposure
period:
4
hours
Value:
LC50
>
2260
mg/
m3
(
rat)
LC50
>
1800
mg/
m3
(
mouse)
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
thiosulfate
((
NH4)
2S2O3)
References:
Babayan,
E.
A.
et
al.
1985.
Gig.
Truda
Prof.
Azbol.
6:
56.
(
Cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)

(
b)
Type:
LC0
[
];
LC100
[
];
LC50
[
];
LCL0
[
];
Other
[
X]
Species/
strain:
Rat
Exposure
period:
4
hours
Value:
See
remarks
Method:
Not
specified
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
thiosulfate
(
salt
not
specified)
Remarks:
Rats
exposed
to
ammonium
thiosulphate
at
80,
150,
or
300
mg/
m3
for
4­
hours
showed
decreases
in
the
summation­
threshold
index
(
a
measure
of
central
nervous
system
activity)
and
serum
calcium
levels,
an
increase
in
oxygen
consumption,
and
changes
in
cardiovascular
function.
References:
Nazaretyan,
R.
A.
et
al.
1987.
Zh.
Eks.
Klin.
Med.
27:
529.
(
Cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)

5.1.3
ACUTE
DERMAL
TOXICITY
Remarks:
No
data
available.
24
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
5.1.4
ACUTE
TOXICITY
BY
OTHER
ROUTES
OF
ADMINISTRATION
Remarks:
No
data
available.

5.2
CORROSIVENESS/
IRRITATION
5.2.1
SKIN
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
(
a)
Species/
strain:
Rabbit
Results:
Highly
corrosive
[
];
Corrosive
[
];
Highly
irritating
[
];
Irritating
[
];
Moderately
irritating
[
];
Slightly
irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
X]
Classification:
Highly
corrosive
(
causes
severe
burns)
[
];
Corrosive
(
causes
burns)
[
];
Irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
X]
Method:
OECD
Guideline
404,
1987
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Salt
containing
75%
ammonium
thiosulfate,
20%
sodium
pyrosulfate,
and
5%
sodium
thiosulfate.
Remarks:
4
hours
exposure
time
References:
Hoechst
AG.
1987.
Unpublished
data
study
No.
87.
1235
(
cited
in
European
Commission
1996).

(
b)
Species/
strain:
Rat
Results:
Highly
corrosive
[
];
Corrosive
[
];
Highly
irritating
[
];
Irritating
[
];
Moderately
irritating
[
];
Slightly
irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
X]
Classification:
Highly
corrosive
(
causes
severe
burns)
[
];
Corrosive
(
causes
burns)
[
];
Irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
X]
Method:
Rats
were
given
single
or
a
series
of
20
4­
hr
applications
of
45%
diammonium
thiosulfate
to
the
skin
of
the
tail
and
back.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Diammonium
thiosulfate
References:
Talakin,
Y.
N.
et
al.
1982.
Gig.
Truda
Prof.
Azbol.
6:
54.
(
Cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)

5.2.2
EYE
IRRITATION/
CORROSION
Species/
strain:
Rabbit
Results:
Highly
corrosive
[
];
Corrosive
[
];
Highly
irritating
[
];
Irritating
[
];
Moderately
irritating
[
];
Slightly
irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
X]
Classification:
Irritating
[
];
Not
irritating
[
X];
Risk
of
serious
damage
to
eyes
[
]
Method:
OECD
Guideline
405,
1987
25
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Salt
containing
75%
ammonium
thiosulfate,
20%
sodium
pyrosulfate,
and
5%
sodium
thiosulfate.
Remarks:
24
hours
exposure
time
References:
Hoechst
AG.
1987.
Unpublished
data
study
No.
87.
1297
(
cited
in
European
Commission
1996).

5.3
SKIN
SENSITIZATION
Remarks:
No
data
available.

5.4
REPEATED
DOSE
TOXICITY
(
a)
Species/
strain:
Rat
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
Route
of
Administration:
Oral
Exposure
period:
45­
90
days
Frequency
of
treatment:
daily
Dose:
300
mg/
kg
bw./
day
Control
group:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
Results:
Exposure
to
ammonium
thiosulphate
caused
reductions
in
growth
and
the
summation­
threshold
index,
increases
in
the
activity
of
acid
and
alkaline
phosphatases,
increases
in
the
calcium
and
phosphorus
content
of
blood,
and
electrical
and
biochemical
changes
in
the
heart
muscle.
Method:
A
50%
aqueous
solution
of
ammonium
thiosulphate
was
administered
by
stomach
tube
to
groups
of
10­
12
rats
at
a
dose
of
300
mg/
kg
bw./
day
for
45­
90
days.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
thiosulfate
(
salt
unspecified)
Remarks:
No
mortality
of
exposed
rats
was
reported.
References:
Nazaretyan,
R.
A.
et
al.
1987.
Zh.
Eks.
Klin.
Med.
27:
529.
(
Cited
in
BIBRA.
1995.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)

(
b)
Species/
strain:
Rat
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Route
of
Administration:
Inhalation
Exposure
period:
2
or
4
months
Frequency
of
treatment:
4
hr/
day,
5
days/
wk
Dose:
26.77
mg/
m3
Control
group:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
Results:
Exposed
rats
showed
reduced
growth,
central
nervous
system
effects
(
including
convulsive
twitching
of
the
extremities),
and
an
increase
in
oxygen
consumption.
In
26
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
the
blood
there
was
a
reduction
in
the
number
of
red
blood
cells
and
calcium
concentration,
increases
in
creatine
phosphate
and
 ­
globulin
levels,
and
changes
in
the
activity
of
various
enzymes
(
reductions
in
the
activities
of
butyryl
cholinesterase
and
total
lactate
dehydrogenase
and
increases
in
acid
and
alkaline
phosphatases).
The
changes
in
 ­
globulin
and
alkaline
phosphatase
suggest
the
possibility
of
liver
injury.
There
were
also
changes
in
cardiovascular
activity
and
biochemical
changes
in
the
heart
muscle.
Method:
Rats
were
exposed
for
4­
hours/
day,
5­
days/
week,
for
2
or
4
months
to
26.77
mg/
m3
ammonium
thiosulphate.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
thiosulfate
(
salt
unspecified)
Remarks:
No
mortality
of
exposed
rats
was
reported.
References:
Nazaretyan,
R.
A.
et
al.
1987.
Zh.
Eks.
Klin.
Med.
27:
529.
(
Cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)

(
c)
Species/
strain:
Rat
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
Route
of
Administration:
Dermal
Exposure
period:
20­
days
Frequency
of
treatment:
4
hours/
day
Dose:
45%
diammonium
thiosulfate
Control
group:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
Results:
Rats
showed
a
decrease
in
blood
catalase
activity.
Method:
Rats
were
exposed
to
45%
diammonium
thiosulphate
for
20,
4­
hour
applications.
Diammonium
thiosulphate
was
applied
to
the
skin
of
the
tail
and
back.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
thiosulphate
((
NH4)
2S2O3)
Remarks:
No
mortality
of
exposed
rats
was
reported.
References:
Talakin,
Y.
N.
et
al.
1982.
Gig.
Truda
Prof.
Zabol.
6:
54.
(
Cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)

5.5
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VITRO
A.
Bacterial
Test
Type:
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
System
of
testing:
Species/
strain:
S.
typhimurium
TA98,
TA100,
TA1535,
TA1537
and
E.
coli
WP2
uvrA
Concentration:
75,
200,
600,
1,800,
and
5,000
µ
g/
plate
Metabolic
activation:
With
[
];
Without
[
];
With
and
Without
[
X];
No
Data
[
]
Results:
27
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Cytotoxicity
conc:
With
metabolic
activation:
None
observed
Without
metabolic
activation:
None
observed
Precipitation
conc:
None
observed
Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
With
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Without
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Method:
OECD
Guideline
471
(
Ninth
Addendum;
February
1998)
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
thiosulfate,
purity:
100%
Remarks:
The
test
article
was
soluble
and
clear
in
water
at
approximately
50
mg/
mL,
the
maximum
concentration
tested.
References:
Wagner,
V.
O.
and
Klug,
M.
L.
2001.
Bacterial
Reverse
Mutation
Assay:
Ammonium
Thiosulfate.
BioReliance.
Report
Number
AA43RA.
503.
BTL.

B.
Non­
bacterial
in
vitro
test
Type:
Mammalian
chromosome
aberration
test
System
of
testing:
Species/
strain:
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
Concentration:
185,
370,
740,
and
1,480
µ
g/
mL
Metabolic
activation:
With
[
];
Without
[
];
With
and
Without
[
X];
No
Data
[
]
Results:
Cytotoxicity
conc:
With
metabolic
activation:
None
Without
metabolic
activation:
None
Precipitation
conc:
None
Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
With
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Without
metabolic
activation:
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Method:
OECD
Guideline
473
(
Ninth
Addendum;
February
1998)
GLP:
Yes
[
X]
No
[
]
?
[
]
Test
substance:
Ammonium
thiosulfate,
purity:
100%
Remarks:
The
test
article
was
soluble
and
clear
in
water
at
approximately
50
mg/
mL,
the
maximum
concentration
tested.
References:
Gudi,
R.
and
Brown,
C.
2001.
In
Vitro
Mammalian
Chromosome
Aberration
Test:
Ammonium
Thiosulfate.
BioReliance.
Report
Number
AA43RA.
331.
BTL.

5.6
GENETIC
TOXICITY
IN
VIVO
Species/
strain:
Rat,
mouse
Sex:
Female
[
];
Male
[
];
Male/
Female
[
X];
No
Data
[
]
Route
of
Administration:
Oral
Exposure
period:
Single
dose
Doses:
50­
5,000
mg/
kg
bw.
Results:
28
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Effect
on
mitotic
index
or
P/
N
ratio:
None
Genotoxic
effects:
+
?
­
[
]
[
]
[
X]
Method:
Rats
were
given
single
oral
doses
of
50­
5,000
mg/
kg
bw.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
thiosulphate
(
Na2S2O3)
Remarks:
No
evidence
of
chromosomal
damage
was
observed
in
the
bone
marrow
assays
(
or
in
human
cells
treated
in
culture).
Negative
results
were
also
obtained
in
hostmediated
assays
in
mice
and
dominant
lethal
assays
in
rats.
References:
Litton
Bionetics
Inc.
1973.
Contract
No.
FDA
71­
268,
Bethesda,
Maryland.
(
Cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)

5.7
CARCINOGENICITY
Remarks:
No
data
available.

5.8
TOXICITY
TO
REPRODUCTION
Remarks:
No
data
available.

5.9
DEVELOPMENTAL
TOXICITY/
TERATOGENICITY
Species/
strain:
Rat,
mouse,
hamster
Sex:
Female
[
X];
Male
[
];
Male/
Female
[
];
No
Data
[
]
Route
of
Administration:
Oral
Duration
of
the
test:
Not
specified
Exposure
period:
Not
specified
Frequency
of
treatment:
On
days
6­
15
of
pregnancy
Doses:
400
 
550
mg/
kg
bw.
Control
group:
Yes
[
];
No
[
];
No
Data
[
X]
NOAEL
Maternal
Toxicity:
>
550
mg/
kg
bw.
NOAEL
teratogenicity:
>
550
mg/
kg
bw.
Results:
Maternal
general
toxicity:
No
adverse
effects
Pregnancy/
litter
data:
No
adverse
effects
Fetal
data:
No
adverse
effects
Method:
Sodium
thiosulphate
was
administered
by
stomach
tube
at
maximum
daily
doses
of
400­
550
mg/
kg
bw.
on
days
6­
15
of
pregnancy.
GLP:
Yes
[
]
No
[
]
?
[
X]
Test
substance:
Sodium
thiosulfate,
a
structural
analog
of
ammonium
thiosulfate
Remarks:
No
adverse
effects
on
maternal
or
fetal
survival
or
fetal
development
were
observed.
29
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
References:
Food
&
Drug
Research
Laboratories
(
FDRL).
Teratogenic
evaluation
of
FDA
71­
35
(
sodium
thiosulphate)
in
mice,
rats,
and
hamsters.
Final
report
prepared
under
DHEW
Contract
No.
FDA
71­
260,
Maspeth,
New
York.
(
Cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)

5.10
OTHER
RELEVANT
INFORMATION
Remarks:
No
data
available.

5.11
EXPERIENCE
WITH
HUMAN
EXPOSURE
(
a)
Results:
Humans
given
1­
2
g
ammonium
thiosulphate
(
salt
unspecified)
showed
no
overt
toxic
effects.
Reference:
Revici,
E.
1982.
U.
S.
Patent
No.
4,346,082
(
Chem.
Abstr.
1982.
97:
193116b)
(
cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)

(
b)
Remarks:
Thiosulfate
is
a
normal
constituent
of
human
body
fluids
and
a
metabolite
of
normal
dietary
constituents.
Reference:
FASEB.
1975.
Federation
of
American
Societies
for
Experimental
Biology,
Bethesda,
Maryland.
Evaluation
of
the
Health
Aspects
of
Sodium
Thiosulfate
as
a
Food
Ingredient.
PB­
254­
526/
AS.
(
cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulfate.
BIBRA
International).

6.
REFERENCES
Babayan,
E.
A.
et
al.
1985.
Gig.
Truda
Prof.
Azbol.
6:
56.
(
Cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)

Bretherick.
1979.
Handbook
of
Reaction
Chemistry
Hazards.
2nd
Edition.
P.
807
(
cited
in
HSDB).

Budavari,
S.
1996.
Merck
Index.
12th
Ed.
Whitehouse
Station:
Merck
Research
Laboratories.

Chris.
Hazardous
Chemical
Data.
Vol.
II.
1984.

European
Commission.
2000.
Ammonium
Thiosulfate.
International
Uniform
Chemical
Information
Database.
Year
2000
CD­
ROM
edition.
30
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
FASEB.
1975.
Federation
of
American
Societies
for
Experimental
Biology,
Bethesda,
Maryland.
Evaluation
of
the
Health
Aspects
of
Sodium
Thiosulfate
as
a
Food
Ingredient.
PB­
254­
526/
AS.
(
cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulfate.
BIBRA
International).

Food
&
Drug
Research
Laboratories
(
FDRL).
Teratogenic
evaluation
of
FDA
71­
35
(
sodium
thiosulphate)
in
mice,
rats,
and
hamsters.
Final
report
prepared
under
DHEW
Contract
No.
FDA
71­
260,
Maspeth,
New
York.
(
Cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)

Gudi,
R.
and
Brown,
C.
2001.
In
Vitro
Mammalian
Chromosome
Aberration
Test:
Ammonium
Thiosulfate.
BioReliance.
Report
Number
AA43RA.
331.
BTL.

Hoechst
AG.
1987.
Unpublished
data
study
No.
87.
1235
(
cited
in
European
Commission
1996).

Hoechst
AG.
1987.
Unpublished
data
study
No.
87.
1297
(
cited
in
European
Commission
1996).

Hazardous
Substance
Data
Bank
(
HSDB).
1998.
Ammonium
Thiosulfate.
National
Library
of
Medicine,
Bethesda,
MD.

Janzen,
H.
H.
and
Bettany,
J.
R.
1986.
Influence
of
thiosulfate
on
nitrification
of
ammonium
in
soil.
Soil
Sci.
Soc.
50:
803­
806.

Lide,
D.
R.
CRC
Handbook
of
Chemistry
and
Physics.
71st
ed.
1991.

Litton
Bionetics
Inc.
1973.
Contract
No.
FDA
71­
268,
Bethesda,
Maryland.
(
Cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)

Nazaretyan,
R.
A.
et
al.
1987.
Zh.
Eks.
Klin.
Med.
27:
529.
(
Cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)

Revici,
E.
1982.
U.
S.
Patent
No.
4,346,082
(
Chem.
Abstr.
1982.
97:
193116b)
(
cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.)

Sallade,
Y.
E.
and
Sims,
J.
T.
1994.
Nitrate
leaching
in
an
Atlantic
coast
plain
soil
amended
with
poultry
manure
or
urea­
ammonium
nitrate:
influence
of
thiosulfate.
Water,
Air
and
Soil
Pollution
78:
307­
316.

Sax
Hawley's
Condensed
Chem.
Dictionary
11th
Ed.
1987.
p.
72.

Talakin,
Y.
N.
et
al.
1982.
Gig.
Truda
Prof.
Azbol.
6:
54.
(
Cited
in
BIBRA.
1990.
Toxicology
Profile:
Ammonium
Thiosulphate.
BIBRA
International.).

USEPA.
2000.
EPISUITE
Estimation
Program
V.
3.10.
US
Environmental
Protection
Agency.
31
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Wagner,
V.
O.
and
Klug,
M.
L.
2001.
Bacterial
Reverse
Mutation
Assay:
Ammonium
Thiosulfate.
BioReliance.
Report
Number
AA43RA.
503.
BTL.
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
APPENDIX
A
 
SIDS
Data
Availability
Summary
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Explanation
of
Appendix
A
Appendix
A
is
a
SIDS
Data
Summary
table
that
provides
an
overview
of
availability
and
quality
of
the
data
used
in
this
Health
and
Environmental
Safety
Data
Summary
for
Ammonium
Thiosulfate.
Y
(
Yes)
and
N
(
No)
designations
indicate
whether
data
are
available
that
meet
the
criteria
for
each
column.
The
columns
are
described
as:

Information:
Data
exist
that
were
useful
for
describing
the
data
element.
These
data
may
be
from
standard
laboratory
tests
or
from
generally
recognized
published
sources
or
professional
experience.

OECD
Study:
The
data
were
developed
using
standard
OECD
or
essentially
similar
(
e.
g.,
EPA
harmonized
protocols)
guidelines.

GLP:
The
data
were
developed
under
standard
Good
Laboratory
Practice
provisions.
These
generally
represent
the
highest
quality
data.

Other
Study:
Studies
were
conducted
that
could
not
be
definitively
identified
as
following
OECD
or
GLP
protocols.
These
studies
were
included
when
they
were
determined
to
be
of
adequate
quality
and
provided
relevant
information
to
the
characterization
of
the
compound.

Estimation
Method:
In
some
cases,
data
may
be
estimated
using
established
structure
activity
relationships.
These
methods
are
common
for
physical­
chemical
parameters
such
as
octanolwater
partition
coefficients
and
water
solubility.

Acceptable:
This
column
indicates
whether
the
data
are
deemed
acceptable
by
standard
acceptability
criteria
and
professional
judgment.
Only
the
data
meeting
adequacy
standards
are
included
in
this
summary
document.

SIDS
Testing
Recommended:
This
column
indicates
whether
additional
testing
is
recommended
based
on
an
evaluation
of
the
available
data
summarized
in
this
document.
It
is
generally
not
necessary
to
fill
all
of
the
apparent
data
gaps
in
order
to
adequately
characterize
the
inherent
hazard
of
chemicals.
Information
from
other
data
elements
and
from
other
chemicals
in
the
category,
along
with
professional
judgment,
are
useful
in
the
final
determination
of
the
need
for
further
testing.
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
SIDS
DATA
AVAILABILITY
SUMMARY
DATE:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
No:
7783­
18­
8
Information
OECD
Study
GLP
Other
Study
Estimated
Method
Acceptable
SIDS
Testing
Recommended
STUDY
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.2
Boiling
Point
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
2.3
Density
Y
N
N
N
N
Y
N
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
2.5
Partition
Coefficient
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
2.6
Water
Solubility
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
pH
and
pKa
Values
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
2.8
Auto
Flammability
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
2.9
Flammability
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
2.12
Oxidation:
Reduction
Potential
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
OTHER
P/
C
STUDIES
RECEIVED
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
3.2
Monitoring
Data
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
3.3
Transport
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
3.3.2.
Distribution
Y
N
N
N
Y
Y
N
3.5
Biodegradation
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
3.7
Bioaccumulation
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
OTHER
ENV
FATE
STUDIES
RECEIVED
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
Toxicity
to
Fish
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Daphnia
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.3
Toxicity
to
Algae
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Daphnia
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Birds
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
OTHER
ECOTOXICITY
STUDIES
RECEIVED
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
No:
7783­
18­
8
Information
OECD
Study
GLP
Other
Study
Estimated
Method
Acceptable
SIDS
Testing
Recommended
STUDY
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
Y/
N
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation
Y
Y
Y
Y
N
Y
N
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Y
Y
Y
N
N
Y
N
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.8
Reproduction
Toxicity
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
5.9
Development/
Teratogenicity
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
5.11
Human
Experience
Y
N
N
Y
N
Y
N
OTHER
TOXICITY
STUDIES
RECEIVED
N
N
N
N
N
­
N
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
APPENDIX
B
 
SIDS
Data
Summaries
for
the
Ammonia
Compounds
Category:
Ammonia,
Aqua
Ammonia,
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN),
Urea,
Ammonium
Nitrate,
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate,
Ammonium
Sulfate,
Ammonium
Thiosulfate,
Diammonium
Phosphate,
and
Monoammonium
Phosphate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Ammonia
Aqua
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
Decomposition
­
78oC
­
77oC
2.2
Boiling
Point
­
33oC
at
1
atm
36oC
2.3
Density
0.696
g/
L
at
20oC
0.9
g/
mL
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
7,600
mm
Hg
at
25oC
2.159
x
103
mm
Hg
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
OECD
107
­
1.14
at
25oC
2.6A
Water
Solubility
510­
530
g/
L
at
20oC
Miscible
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
pH:
10.6
in
0.01%

aqueous
solution
at
25oC
pKa:
9.25
at
25oC
4.75
at
25oC
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
flammable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
DIN
51
794
651oC
at
1
atm
Not
applicable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Not
explosive
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Not
an
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:

Reduction
Potential
1.275
V
1.275
V
2.13A
Additional
Data
Soil
sorption
,

Reaction
cylinder
Similar
to
first
order
reaction
See
text
2.13B
Henry's
Law
Constant
1.6
x
10­
5
atm
m3/
mol
2.13B
Specific
Gravity
0.6818
at
­
33.35oC
and
1
atm
2.13B
Viscosity
0.00982
cP
at
20oC
2.13B
Critical
Temperature
132­
133oC
2.13B
Critical
Pressure
111
atm
2.13B
Critical
Density
0.2362
g/
ml
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Ammonia
Aqua
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Undergoes
photolytic
degradation
3.12
Stability
in
Water
Field
study
in
Lake
St.

George,

Canada
Ke
=
25.6­
47.3
cm/
h
at
15.2­

15.0oC
Removed
from
aquatic
systems
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Laboratory
soil
columns
Mean
sorptions:

sand:
19%

loam:
28%

clay,
clay
loam,

and
silt
loam:
38%

3.3.1
Transport
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
I
99.98%
to
air,

<.
1%
each
to
water,
soil,
biota,

and
sediment
Miscible
in
water
3.5
Biodegradation
Rapidly
biodegraded
Miscible
in
water
and
readily
degrades
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Rapidly
assimilated
by
animals
and
plants
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Ammonia
Aqua
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Many
species
Mostly
96­
hr
LC50
=
0.09­
3.51
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Cyprinus
carpio
48
hr
semistatic
LC50
=
1.34­
1.70
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
96
hrs
LC50
>
103
mg/
L
Pimephalas
promelas
96
hrs
LC50
between
100
and
500
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
48­
hr,
ASTM
E
729­
80
LC50
=
2.94
mg
un­
ionized
NH3­

N/
L
Daphnia
magna
48
hr
static
LC50
=
32
mg
HN4OH/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Benthic
diatoms
Up
to
25
days
LOEC
=
0.5­
1.0
mg
N/
L
See
text
Chlorella
vulgaris
21
days
LOEC
=
500
mg
N/
L
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
Photobacterium
phosphoreum
5­
min,
tested
for
bioluminescence
EC50
=
1.49
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
Many
species
Various
(
12
d­
5
yrs)
NOEC
=
0.025­
1.2
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Many
species
See
text
Ictalurus
punctatus
8
days
LC50
=
37.5
ppm
total
ammonia
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
D.
magna
&

others
21
d­
76
weeks
NOEC
=
0.163­

0.42
mg
unionized
NH3/
L
See
text
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
Many
species
Various
(
4
mins­
16
hrs)
LOEC
=
3­
250
ppm
Can
cause
inhibition
of
photosynthesis
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
G.
domesticus
1
hr
injections
LD50
=
2.72
mM
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Ammonia
Aqua
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
=
350
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Cat
LD50
=
750
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Rat,
mouse
1
hr
LC50
=
4,230­

19,960
total
NH3/
m3
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
Rat,
mouse
1
hr
intravenous
LC50
=
45.5­
195.1
mg
total
NH3/
kg
bw
Rabbit
i.
v.
LDLo
=
10
mg/
kg
bw
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
Corrosive
to
skin
Rabbit
Corrosive
at
20%

but
not
10%

5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
Subacute
and
chronic
exposure
to
200­
1,000
ppm
produced
eye
damage.
100­
200
ppm
produced
moderate
to
severe
eye
irritation.
Rabbit
Irritating
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Rats,
guinea
pigs,
rabbits,

monkeys,

beagle
dogs
Inhalation,
up
to
770
mg/
m3
No
mortality
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Ammonia
Aqua
Ammonia
Nitrogen
Solutions
(
UAN)

DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium,

Saccharomyces
E.
coli
Bacterial
gene
mutation
assay
Negative
E.
coli
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chick
fibroblasts
Cytogenetic
assay
Induced
chromosomal
clumping,
polyploidy,
and
arrested
spindle
formation.
No
data
showing
that
ammonia
is
mutagenic
in
mammals.

5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Drosophila
melanogaster
Drosophila
mutagenicity
test
No
evidence
for
mutagenicity
No
evidence
for
mutagenicity
5.7
Carcinogenicity
No
carcinogenic
effects
Not
carcinogenic
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Pig
One
generation
study
Temporarily
depressed
mean
daily
gain
at
35
mg/
kg
in
gilts
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
51.0
Additional
Information
5.11
Human
Experience
Inhalation;

human
volunteers
Nasal
and
pulmonary
irritation
at
concentrations
of
about
100
ppm
and
higher
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
8
hr
TWA­
TLV
50
ppm
(
35
mg/
m3)
TLV
24
mg/
m3
24
mg/
m3
15
min
STELTLV
35
ppm
(
27
mg/
m3)
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Urea
Ammonium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
133oC
169.6oC
2.2
Boiling
Point
135oC
(
at
101
kPa)

(
decomposes)
210oC
2.3
Density
750
kg/
m3
1.725
g/
mL
at
25oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
Calculated
80
Pa
at
20oC
15
hPa
at
20oC
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
­
1.59
at
20­
25oC
OECD
107
­
3.1
at
25oC
2.6A
Water
Solubility
1,193
g/
L
at
25oC
1,920
g/
L
at
20oC
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
pH
=
7.2
(
100
g/
L)
pH
=
5.43
in
aqueous
solution
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
May
explode
under
high
temperature
or
strong
shocks
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Strong
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:

Reduction
Potential
2.13A
Additional
Data
See
text
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Urea
Ammonium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Does
not
photodegrade
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Calculated
t1/
2
>
1
year
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Binds
to
clay
particles
3.3.1
Transport
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated
(
Fugacity
Level
I)
0.16%
to
air
99.84%
to
water
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
III
0.251%
to
air
45.4%
to
water
54.2%
to
soil
0.757%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
OECD
302B
SCAS
24
hr
Ultimately
biodegradable
93­
98%
Readily
biodegraded
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Urea
Ammonium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Barillius
barna
96
hrs
LC50
>
9,100
mg/
L
Cyprinus
carpio
L.
48
hrs
LC50
=
1.15­
1.72
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
OECD
203
LC50
>
107
mg/
L
Chinook
salmon,
rainbow
trout,
bluegill
96
hrs
LC50
=
420­
1,360
mg
NO3/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
DIN
38412
Part
II;
24
hrs
EC50
>
10,000
mg/
L
Daphnia
magna
EC50
=
555
mg/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Scenedesmus
quadricauda
192
hr
cell
multiplication
inhibition
test
TT
>
10,000
mg/
L
Scenedesmus
quadricauda
EC50
=
83
mg/
L
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Bullia
digitalis
Up
to
7
days
NOEC
=
300
mg/
L
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
Applications
of
nitrogenous
fertilizers
to
grassland
for
long
period
may
have
deleterious
effects
on
earthworms
in
the
absence
of
liming.

4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plant
Glycine
max
(
L.)
Merr.
7
days
exposure
to
9
mg
urea/
leaf
Leaf­
tip
necrosis
See
text
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
Pigeon
Subcutaneous
LDLo
=
16,000
mg/
kg
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Urea
Ammonium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
=
14,300­

15,000
mg/
kg
Rat
OECD
401
LD50
=
2,800
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Mouse
LD50
=
11,500­

13,000
mg/
kg
Rat
OECD
401
LD50
=
2,462
mg/
kg
bw
Cattle
LD50
=
510
mg/
kg
Rat
OECD
401
LD50
=
2,950
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
LD50
=
4,500
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Rat
4
hrs
LC50
>
88.8
mg/
L
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat
4
hrs
LC50
>
5,000
mg/
kg
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
White
rat
Injected;
3
hrs
Minimum
lethal
dose
=
0.065
mg
NH4NO3­
N
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
Mouse
10%
solution
Not
irritating
Rabbit
Moderately
irritating
Rabbit
50%
solution
Not
irritating
Rabbit
Not
irritating
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Rat
24
weeks;

dermal
NOAEL
=
40%
in
ointment
Rat
Inhalation;
2
weeks
NOAEL
=
185
mg/
m3
Rat
Inhalation;
4
weeks
NOAEL
=
1
mg/
m3
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
Negative
Salmonella
typhimurium
Bacterial
reverse
mutation
assay
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chinese
hamster
Mouse
Chromosomal
aberration
test
Mouse
lymphoma
TK
locus
assay
Positive
(
very
high
dose)
Positive
(
very
high
dose)
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Urea
Ammonium
Nitrate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Sulfate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Mouse
Bone
marrow
cytogenetic
test
Positive
(
extremely
high
dose)

5.7
Carcinogenicity
Mouse
Rat
12
month
diet
12
month
diet
Not
carcinogenic
Not
carcinogenic
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Mouse
12
month
carcinogenicity
screening
No
toxic
effects
in
gonads
reported
Rat
12
month
carcinogenicity
No
toxic
effects
in
gonads
reported
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Rat
2
doses/
day
x
14
days
gavage
Not
teratogenic
Rat
NOAEL
>
57
mg/
kg/
day
5.10
Metabolism
and
Toxicokinetics
No
sensory
irritation
5.11
Human
Experience
Despite
extensive
medical
use,
no
significant
side
effects
on
humans
have
been
noted
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
No
TLV
established
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
No
TLV
established
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
235­
512oC
150oC
155
°
C
2.2
Boiling
Point
872oC
Decomposes
2.3
Density
1.77
g/
mL
0.7­
1.679
g/
mL
0.93­
1.619
g/
mL
at
20oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
<
100
Pa
at
20
°
C
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
OECD
107
­
5.1
2.6A
Water
Solubility
7.5
x
105
mg/
L
at
20oC
1,800
g/
L
at
20oC
588
g/
L
at
20
°
C
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
5.0
200
g/
L
6.5­
7.2
~
8
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
May
explode
if
mixed
with
oxidizers
May
explode
when
mixed
with
chlorate
Not
explosive
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Not
an
oxidizer
Not
an
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:

Reduction
Potential
2.13A
Additional
Data
See
text
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
Not
a
significant
dissipation
mechanism
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Stable
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,

fugacity
level
III
0.0156%
to
air
44.1%
to
water
55.8%
to
soil
0.0754%
to
sediment
Calculated,

fugacity
level
III
0.151%
to
air
49.9%
to
water
49.8%
to
soil
0.0893%
to
sediment
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
III
6.5
x
10­
15%
to
air
45.3%
to
water
54.6%
to
soil
0.0755%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Coho
salmon,
Rainbow
trout,
Large
mouth
bass,

Fathead
minnow,
etc.
24­
96
hrs
LC50
=
90
to
>
1,500
mg/
L
Guppy
DIN
38412
LC50
>
200
mg/
L
Coho
salmon,
Chinook
salmon,
Rainbow
trout,
Bluegill,

Large
mouth
bass,
Tilapia,
Fathead
minnow
96
hrs
LC50
=
90­
1,875
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
Daphnia
magna
50­
96
hrs
EC50
>
433
mg/
L
Amphipod
96
hrs
LC50
=
40­
52
mg/
L
Amphipod
96
hrs
LC50
=
40­
62
mg/
L
Snail,
Worm
96
hrs
LC50
=
1,005­

2,472
mg/
L
Snails,
worm
48­
96
hrs
LC50
=
>
100­
700
mg/
L
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)
Chlorella
vulgaris
21
days
NOEC
=
250
mg
N/
L
Selenastrum
capricornutum
72
hrs
NOEC
(
toxicity)

=
97.1
mg
DAP/
L
NOEC
(
stimulation)
=

3.57
mg
DAP/
L
Various
17
days
NOEC
=
50
µ
g
NH4­
N/
L
4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
Photobacterium
phosphoreum
Microtox
EC50
=
1.49
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Anaerobic
bacteria
ETAD
fermentation
tube
EC50
=
3,000
mg/
L
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
Rainbow
trout
12
&
35
days
LC50
=
0.26­
0.68
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Pink
salmon
21,
40
&
61
days
NOEC
=
1.2
mg
un­
ionized
NH3/
L
Channel
catfish
6
months
LOEC
=
100­
500
mg/
L
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
LD50
=
>
2,000
­

4,250
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
LD50
=
1,950­

2,890
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Mouse
LD50
=
640
mg/
kg
bw
Mouse
LD50
=
2,100
­
>

3,000
mg/
kg
bw
Goat
LD50
=
3,500
mg/
kg
bw
Guinea
pig
LD50
=
1,100
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
Rabbit
1
hr
LD50
>
2,200
µ
g/
m3
Rat
4
hrs
LC50
>
2,260
mg/
m3
Mouse
4
hrs
LC50
>
1,800
mg/
m3
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat,
mouse
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
Rat
OECD
402
LD50
>
5,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
Rat
injected;
3
hrs
MLD
=
0.094
mg
(
NH4)
2SO4­
N
Mouse
i.
p.
LD50
=
610
mg/
kg
bw
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
Rabbit
Not
irritating
Rabbit
OECD
404
Not
irritating
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
Rabbit
Not
irritating
Rabbit
OECD
405
Not
irritating
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
Rat
8
months;
5
hrs/
day;
5
days/
wk;
inhalation
Mild
&
transient
effects
at
0.5
mg/
m3.
See
text
Rat
Oral;
45­
90
days
LOAEL
=
300
mg/
kg/
day
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
250
mg/
kg/
day
Rat
Inhalation;
2
or
4
months
LOAEL
=
26.77
mg/
m3
Rat
Dermal;
20
days
LOAEL
=
45%

(
NH4)
2S2O3
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Ammonium
Sulfate
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
Diammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
Salmonella
typhimurium
OECD
471
Negative
Salmonella
typhimurium
OECD
471
Negative
Salmonella
typhimurium
OECD
471
Negative
.
Chromosomal
aberration
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
Negative
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
Negative
Chinese
hamster
ovaries
OECD
473
Negative
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
Rat,
mouse
Oral
single
dose
NOAEL
=
5,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.7
Carcinogenicity
Rat,
hamster
Not
carcinogenic
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
Chicken
eggs
NOAEL
>
10
mg/
egg
Rat,
mouse,

hamster
Oral
NOAEL
>
550
mg/
kg/
day
Rat
OECD
422
NOAEL
=
1,500
mg/
kg/
day
5.10
Metabolism
and
Toxicokinetics
See
text
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
1­
2g
See
text
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Monammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
PHYSICAL­
CHEMICAL
DATA
2.1
Melting
Point
190
°
C
2.2
Boiling
Point
Decomposes
2.3
Density
1.83
g/
mL
at
25oC
2.4
Vapor
Pressure
<
100
Pa
at
20
°
C
2.5
Octanol/
Water
Partition
Coefficient
2.6A
Water
Solubility
328
g/
L
at
20
°
C
2.6B
pH
and
pKa
values
4.2
in
0.2M
aqueous
solution
2.7
Flash
Point
Not
applicable
2.8
Auto
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.9
Flammability
Not
flammable
2.10
Explosive
Properties
Not
explosive
2.11
Oxidizing
Properties
Not
an
oxidizer
2.12
Oxidation:

Reduction
Potential
2.13A
Additional
Data
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Monammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ENVIRONMENTAL
FATE
and
PATHWAY
3.1.1
Photodegradation
3.1.2
Stability
in
Water
Stable
3.1.3
Stability
in
Soil
Stable
3.3.2
Distribution
Calculated,

Fugacity
Level
III
3.98
x
10­
12%
to
air
45.3%
to
water
54.6%
to
soil
0.0755%
to
sediment
3.5
Biodegradation
3.7
Bioaccumulation
Does
not
bioaccumulate
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Monammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
ECOTOXICITY
4.1
Acute
toxicity
to
Fish
Oncorhynchus
mykiss
96
hrs
LC50
>
85.9
mg/
L
4.2
Acute
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
4.3
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Plants
(
Algae)

4.4
Toxicity
to
Bacteria
4.5.1
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Fish
4.5.2
Chronic
Toxicity
to
Aquatic
Invertebrates
4.6.1
Toxicity
to
Soil
Dwelling
Organisms
4.6.2
Toxicity
to
Terrestrial
Plants
4.6.3
Toxicity
to
Other
Non­
Mammalian
Terrestrial
Species
SIDS
DATA
SUMMARIES
FOR
THE
AMMONIA
CATEGORY
Date:
January
27,
2003
Ammonium
Thiosulfate
CAS
#
7783­
18­
8
Monammonium
Phosphate
DATA
ELEMENTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
SPECIES
PROTOCOL
RESULTS
TOXICITY
5.1.1
Acute
Oral
Toxicity
Rat
OECD
425
LD50
>
2,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.2
Acute
Inhalation
5.1.3
Acute
Dermal
Toxicity
Rat
OECD
402
LD50
>
5,000
mg/
kg
bw
5.1.4
Acute
Toxicity,

Other
Routes
5.2.1
Skin
Irritation/

Corrosion
5.2.2
Eye
Irritation/

Corrosion
5.3
Skin
Sensitization
5.4
Repeated
Dose
5.5
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vitro
.
Gene
mutation
.
Chromosomal
aberration
5.6
Genetic
Toxicity
in
vivo
5.7
Carcinogenicity
5.8
Toxicity
to
Reproduction
5.9
Development
Toxicity/
Teratogenicity
5.10
Metabolism
and
Toxicokinetics
See
text
5.11
Human
Experience
See
text
1.8
Occupational
Exposure
Limits
TLV
as
inert
dust
15
mg/
m3
