    Public Review Draft of [Date to be added when issued for public review]




              Pesticide Registration (PR Notice) Notice 2020-[X]
NOTICE TO MANUFACTURERS, FORMULATORS, PRODUCERS, REGISTRANTS AND APPLICATORS OF PESTICIDE PRODUCTS
ATTENTION:	Persons Responsible for Public Health Programs and Those Responsible for Registration of Pesticide Products

SUBJECT:	Draft List of Pests of Significant Public Health Importance  -  Revised 2020

This notice updates and replaces PR Notice 2002-1, which identifies pests of significant public health importance. Section 28(d) of the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) requires the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), in coordination with the United States Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), to identify pests of significant public health importance and to develop and implement programs to improve and facilitate the safe and necessary use of chemical, biological and other methods to combat and control such pests of public health importance.

The list was first published in 2002, fulfilling the requirement of FIFRA sec. 28(d) to identify pests of significant public health importance. EPA, HHS and USDA believe that pests, diseases and control techniques have evolved since 2002. The list provides an interagency baseline for the federal government and the public to begin any discussions on government regulation and control of disease or disease vectors. EPA makes this information available, in part, to establish a platform for stakeholders, such as public health departments or pesticide registrants to prioritize their workloads and resource allocations. The Office of Pesticide Programs, EPA, coordinated the review by experts in public health and/or pesticide use patterns to compile this list. No person is required to take any action in response to this notice.

The publication of this list does not affect the regulatory status of any registration or application for registration of any pesticide product. This list does not, by itself, determine whether a pesticide product might be considered a "public health pesticide" as that term is used in FIFRA. That term is defined in FIFRA section 2(nn); determining whether any particular pesticide is a public health pesticide is beyond the scope of this PR Notice.

The Agency has determined that the list of pests of significant public health importance required under FIFRA section 28(d) can be established independently of the definition of "public health pesticide" in section 2(nn). EPA is interpreting the term "significant public health importance" broadly, to include pests that pose a widely recognized risk to significant numbers of people. 

BACKGROUND
FIFRA section 28(d) charges EPA with identifying "pests of significant public health importance." FIFRA section 2(t) defines the term "pest" as meaning:

       any insect, rodent, nematode, fungus, weed, or (2) any other form of terrestrial or aquatic plant or animal life or virus, bacteria, or other micro-organism (except viruses, bacteria, or other micro-organism on or in living man or other living animals) which the Administrator declares to be a pest under section 25(c)(1).

Pursuant to the authorization in the second part of this definition, EPA has broadly declared that the term pest includes all members of each of the categories of organisms identified in FIFRA section 2(t) in circumstances where they are deleterious to man or the environment, except for the organisms specifically excluded by the definition (See 40 CFR 152.5).
THE LIST
EPA has determined that the pests identified in Appendix A are pests of significant public health importance as that term is used in FIFRA section 28(d). Although this list is derived in large part from review of the pesticide/pest combinations for which efficacy (product performance) data are generally required to be submitted and reviewed prior to registration; in no way should this be interpreted to mean that EPA has or would base any regulatory action solely on this list. EPA is publishing this list separate from any statutory or regulatory conclusions which may be associated with public health pesticides. Additionally, this list does not account for unanticipated nomenclature changes and/or novel pests. A brief description of the pests and their potential impact on the public's health each is provided below:

      Arthropods. The listed arthropods may cause asthma or trigger allergies, contaminate food, irritate skin, cause direct injury, or carry diseases such as epidemic typhus, trench fever, epidemic relapsing fever, malaria, encephalitis (St. Louis, Eastern, Western, West Nile and LaCrosse), yellow fever, dengue fever and many others.

      Vertebrates. The listed organisms have the potential for direct human injury and can act as disease reservoirs for rabies and other diseases. The rats and mice include those that spread rodent-borne diseases and contaminate food for human consumption.

      Microorganisms and acellular particles.  This category includes listed bacteria, fungi, protozoans, viruses, virusoids, and prions. The microorganisms and acellular particles listed in this category cause diseases such as COVID-19, cholera, meningitis, Legionnaire's Disease and many others. 

      As with the original 2002 list (PR Notice 2002-1) (see: https://www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2014-04/documents/pr2002-1.pdf), this list identifies the pests that EPA, HHS and USDA currently consider to be of significant public health importance. As deemed necessary, the Agency will update the list of pests of significant public health importance. Also, EPA notes that the listings in the "Public Health Importance/Possible Clinical Significance" column are not exhaustive, and can vary in their presence and severity (up to and including death) based on a variety of situation specific factors. 
Interested parties are invited to petition the Agency regarding the amendment of this list. This petition should include the common use name and scientific name of the pest, and a rationale regarding the public health threat posed by this pest. These petitions can be sent to the contact under Part V. For Additional Information.
USE OF THE LIST OF PESTS OF SIGNIFICANT PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE LIST BY THE AGENCY
The Agency will use the list of pests of significant public health importance to:

 Fulfill the requirements set forth in FIFRA section 28(d); and
      
 Together with other federal agencies, develop and implement programs to improve
         and facilitate the safe and necessary use of chemical, biological and other methods to control pests of public health importance.
         
       3. To identify pests that might warrant additional scrutiny and analyses of benefits 
           before changing, restricting or eliminating a use to control a pest of public health
           significance.

WHAT REGISTRANTS SHOULD DO
Registrants do not need to do anything in response to this notice.
FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
If you have questions regarding this PR Notice, please contact one of the following individuals:

      [To Be Added at Signing]
phone: (703) 305-xxxx
fax: (703) 305-xxxx
e-mail: xxxx@epa.gov 
      
      [To Be Added at Signing]
phone: (703) 305-xxxx
fax: (703) 305-xxxx
e-mail: xxxx@epa.gov 

You may also mail a written inquiry to EPA using the following address: 

      U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Office of Pesticide Programs (Mailcode 7505C) 
1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. 
Washington, DC 20460
Signature	
[Insert Signature Block for Signing Official (Match PIV Digital Signature)] 
Director, Office of Pesticide Programs

Appendix A:
      



                                       
                                       
                                  Appendix A



                                Arthropod Pests
                                     Pest
                                Scientific Name
       Public Health Importance/         Possible Clinical Significance
ARACHNIDS
Ixodida
Soft Ticks
Argasidae 
Relapsing fever ticks (and allied species)
Ornithodoros turicata
Tick-borne relapsing fever

Ornithodoros hermsi


Ornithodoros parkeri

Hard Ticks
Ixodidae
 
American dog tick
Dermacentor variabilis 
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, tick paralysis, Colorado tick fever
Rocky Mountain wood tick
Dermacentor andersoni

Western blacklegged tick
Ixodes pacificus
Lyme disease, Ehrlichiosis, Human babesiosis
Blacklegged tick (deer tick)
Ixodes scapularis

Brown dog tick
Rhipicephalus sanguineus
Rocky Mountain spotted fever
Lone star tick
Amblyomma americanum
Ehrlichiosis
Gulf Coast tick
Amblyomma maculatum
Tick paralysis
Asian long-horned tick
Haemaphysalis longicornis
Lyme disease, Powassan virus, Anaplasmosis, tick paralysis
Trombidiformes
Chigger mites
Thrombiculidae
 
Common chiggers
Eutrombicula spp.
Dermatitis with risk of secondary infection
Follicle mites
Demodicidae
 
Dog follicle mite
Demodex canis
Scabies 
Human follicle mites
Demodex brevis
Roseacea, Demodicosis, Demodicidosis, eye infections

Demodex folliculorum

Sarcoptiformes
Dust Mites
Pyroglyphidae
 
American house dust mite
Dermatophagoides farina
Allergic reaction, Asthma
European house dust mite
Chorioptes pteronyssinus

Itch Mites
Sarcopidae

Scabies mite
Sarcoptes scabiei
Scabies
Araneae
Spiders
Widow spiders, including:
Southern black widow 
Northern black widow 
Western black widow
Brown widow
Latrodectus mactans
Latrodectus variolus
Latrodectus hesperus 
Latrodectus geometricus
Venomous bite



Recluse spiders, including:
Brown recluse
Loxosceles reclusa

Scorpiones
Scorpions
 
 
Bark scorpions
Centruroides sculpturatus 
Venomous sting

Centruroides exilicauda


Centruroides vittatus

Chilopoda
Centipedes
 
 
House centipede
Scutigera coleoptrata
Venomous bite
Florida blue centipede
Hemiscolopendra marginata

Scolopendra centipedes
Scolopendra spp.

INSECTS
 
 
Blattodea
Cockroaches
 
 
American cockroach
Periplaneta americana 
Allergic reaction, asthma, Salmonellosis, E. coli infection, hepatitis
Australian cockroach
Periplaneta australasiae 

Brown cockroach
Periplaneta brunnea

Smokybrown cockroach
Periplaneta fuliginosa 

Brownbanded cockroach
Supella longipalpa 

German cockroach
Blattella germanica 

Oriental cockroach
Blatta orientalis

Anoplura
Sucking lice
 
 
Body louse (cootie) 
Pediculus humanus humanus
Epidemic typhus, epidemic relapsing fever, Trench fever, dermatitis with risk of secondary infection
Head louse
Pediculus humanus capitis

Crab louse (crabs)
Phthirus pubus

Heteroptera
True bugs
 
 
Bed bug
Cimex lectularis
Bites, allergic reactions
Tropical bed bug
Cimex hemipterus

Masked hunter
Reduvius personatus
Chagas disease, allergic reactions 
Large kissing bug
Triatoma rubrofasciata
Chagas disease, allergic reactions
Bloodsucking conenose
Triatoma sanguisuga 

Western bloodsucking conenose
Triatoma protracta

Diptera
Flies, including Mosquitoes
Horse & Deer Flies
                                   Tabanidae

Black horse fly
Tabanus atratus
Painful Bite, allergic reactions
Striped horse fly
Tabanus lineola

Greenhead fly
Tabanus nigrovittatus

Deer flies
Chrysops spp.

Calyptrate Flies
 
 
House fly
Musca domestica 
Salmonellosis, Shigella, dysentery, myiasis, allergic reactions
Stable fly 
Stomoxys calcitrans

Little house fly
Fannia canicularis

Horse bot fly 
Gasterophilus intestinalis
Ocular myiasis, cutaneous myiasis
Nose bot fly
Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis

Torsalo (human bot fly)
Dermatobia hominus

Sheep ked
Melophagus ovinus
Myiasis
Flesh flies
Sarcophagidae, including Sarcophaga and Wohlfahrtia spp.
Myiasis, mechanical vector of pathogens
Blow flies
Calliphoridae, including Phaenicia and Calliphora spp.
Myiasis, mechanical vector of pathogens
Screwworm
Cochliomyia hominivorax
Myiasis
Secondary screwworm
Cochliomyia macellaria

Horn fly
Haematobia irritans
Painful bite
Biting Midges and Sand Flies

 
"No-See-Ums"
Culicoides spp., Leptoconops spp.
Dermatitis with risk of secondary infection, allergic reactions
Punkies


Biting midges


Sand flies
Lutzomyia spp., Phlebotomus spp.
Dermatitis with risk of secondary infection, American dermal leishmaniasis
Black flies
Simuliidae; includes Simulium and Prosimulium spp.
River blindness, dermatitis with risk of secondary infection, painful bite, allergic reactions
Black gnats


Mosquitoes
Culicidae
 
House mosquitoes
Culex, Culiseta, Aedes, Ochlerotatus, Anopheles, Psorophora, and Coquillettidia spp.
Malaria, Encephalitis (St. Louis, West Nile, Eastern Equine, Western Equine, Venezuela Equine, LaCrosse and Cache Valley), Dengue fever, Yellow fever, Zika fever, Chikungunya
Southern house mosquitoes


Asian tiger mosquito


Yellow fever mosquito


Siphonaptera
Fleas
 
 
Cat flea
Ctenocephalides felis
Bartonella, Murie typhus, tapeworm infection, dermatitis with a risk of secondary infection, allergic reactions, painful bite
Dog flea
Ctenocephalides canis

Human flea
Pulex irritans
Dermatitis with risk of secondary infection, allergic reactions, painful bite
Sticktight flea
Echidnophaga gallinacea
Bubonic plague, Murine plague (endemic typhus), Dermatitis with risk of secondary infection, allergic reactions, painful bite
Oriental rat flea
Xenopsylla cheopis

Chigoe
Tunga penetrans

Other fleas
Oropsylla spp. 


Thrassis spp.


Ceratophyllus gallinae 

Hymenoptera
Stinging Wasps, Bees, & Ants
 
Yellowjackets
Vespula spp.
Painful stings, allergic reactions
European hornet
Vespa crabro

Bald-faced hornet
Dolichovespula maculata

Paper wasps
Polistes spp.

Thread-waisted wasps 
(including mud daubers)
Sphecidae: Various species

Velvet ants
Mutillidae: Various species

Ants
Formicidae
 
Pharaoh ant
Monomorium pharaonis
Feed on wounds
Fire ants, including:
Solenopsis spp.
Painful stings, allergic reactions
Southern fire ant 
Solenopsis xyloni

Tropical fire ant
Solenopsis geminata 

Red imported fire ant
Solenopsis invicta, 

Black imported fire ant
Solenopsis richteri

European fire ant
Myrmica rubra

Harvester ants
Pogonomyrmex spp.
Painful stings, allergic reactions
Bees
Apidae
 
Africanized honey bee
Apis mellifera scutellata
Painful stings, allergic reactions


                               Vertebrate Pests
                                       Pest
                                 Scientific Name
         Public Health Importance/        Possible Clinical Significance
   Reptiles
Rattlesnakes
Crotalus spp.
   direct injury
Copperhead and cottonmouth snakes 
Agkistrodon spp.
   direct injury
Coral snakes
Micrurus spp.
   direct injury
Brown tree snake
Boiga irregularis
   direct injury
   Birds
Geese
Subfamily Anserinae
 disease, direct injury, human safety at airports
Mute swan
Cygus olor
 disease, direct injury, human safety at airports
Gulls
Subfamily Larinae
 disease, human safety at airports
Coot
Fulica americana
 Disease
Rock dove (domestic pigeon)
Columba livia
 disease, human safety at airports
Cliff swallow
Petrochelidon pyrrhonota
 disease, human safety at airports
Barn swallow
Hirundo rustica
 disease, human safety at airports
House (English) sparrow
Passer domesticus
 disease, human safety at airports
American crow
Corvus brachyrynchos
 disease
Fish crow
Corvus ossifragus
 disease
European starling
Sturnus vulgaris
 disease, human safety at airports
House finch
Cardodacus purpureus
 disease, human safety at airports
Blackbirds
Family Icteridae
 disease, human safety at airports
Common raven
Corvus corax
 disease, human safety at airports
Chihuahuan raven
Corvus cryptoleucus
 disease, human safety at airports
Black vulture
Cathartes aura
 direct injury, human safety at airports
Turkey vulture
Coragyps atratus
 direct injury, human safety at airports
Mammals
Bats
Big brown bat
Eptesicus fuscus
 disease
Little brown bat
Myotis lucifugus
 
Brazilian (Mexican) free-tailed bat
Tadarida brasiliensis
 
Big eared bat
Corynorhinus townsendii
 
Common vampire bat
Desmodus rotundus
 
Mice
House mouse
Mus musculus
 disease, human safety
Deer mouse
Peromyscus maniculatus
 
Cotton mouse
Peromyscus gossypinus
 
White-footed mouse (White-footed deer mouse)
Peromyscus leucopus
 
Rats
Norway rat
Rattus norvegicus
 disease, direct injury, human safety
Roof rat
Rattus rattus
 
Squirrels
Flying squirrels
Glaucomys spp.
 disease, human safety
Ground squirrels and prairie dogs
Urocitellus spp., Spermophilus spp., Ictidomys spp., Poliocitellus spp., Cynomys spp., Xerospermophilus spp., Callospermophilus spp., Otospermopjilus spp., Ammospermophilus spp.
 disease
Tree squirrels and chipmunks
Sciurus spp., Tamias spp., Eutamias spp., Tamiasciurus pp.
 disease, human safety
Woodchuck
Marmota monax
 
Yellow-bellied marmot
Marmota flaviventris
 
Other Mammals
Bears
Family Ursidae
 direct injury
Coyote
Canis latrans
 disease, direct injury
Arctic fox
Alopex lagopus
 
Gray fox
Urocyon cinereoargenteus
 disease, direct injury
Red fox
Vulpes vulpes
 
Gray wolf
Canis lupus
 
Wild (feral) dog
Canis lupus familiaris
 
Wild (feral) cat
Felis catus
 
Wild (feral) horse
Equus caballus
 
Wild (feral) swine
Sus scrofa
 
Deer and elk
Family Cervidae
 
Mongooses
Family Herpestidae
 
Mountain lion (cougar)
Puma concolor
 
Nutria
Myocastor coypus
 disease
Porcupine
Erethizon dorsatum
 disease, direct injury
North American beaver
Castor canadensis
 disease, human safety
Badger
Taxidea taxus
 disease
Muskrat
Ondatra zibethicus
 
Striped skunk
Mephitis mephitis
 disease, direct injury
Spotted skunk
Spilogale putorius
 
Raccoon
Procyon lotor
 
Rabbits
Family Leporidae
 disease
Virginia opossum
Didelphis virginiana
 disease, direct injury


                                Microorganisms
                                Taxonomic Name
                          (Organism or Particle Type)
                           Public Health Importance
                       (Possible Clinical Significance)
Bacteria
Spirochetes
Leptospira spp. 
Leptospirosis
Treponema spp.
syphilis, yaws, pinta
Gram-Negative Bacteria  -  aerobic rods and cocci
Campylobacter spp.
enteritis, abscesses, 
Pseudomonas spp.
septicemia, abscesses, respiratory and urinary infections, bacteremia 
Stenotrophomonas spp.
respiratory infections, urinary tract infections
Burkholderia spp.
endocarditis, septicemia, wound infections
Legionella spp.
Legionnaire's Disease, pneumonia
Neisseria spp.
meningitis, gonorrhea, urinary tract infections
Elizabethkingia spp. (Chryseobacterium - Flavobacteria spp.)
Nosocomial infection, meningitis, septicemia
Bordetella spp.
whooping cough
Brucella spp.
brucellosis, undulant fever
Moraxella spp.
conjunctivitis
Acinetobacter spp.
nosocomial infections
Aeromonas spp.
gastroenteritis, wound, septicemia
Haemophilus spp.
bronchitis, sinusitis, otitis, septicemia, venereal disease
Chromobacterium spp.
pyogenic infections, septicemia
Gram-Negative Bacteria  - facultatively anaerobic rods
Vibrio spp.
cholera, gastroenteritis, septicemia, ear infections
Plesiomonas spp.
gastroenteritis
Pasteurella spp.
meningitis, arthritis, otitis, septicemia, sinusitis, encephalitis
Actinobacillus spp.
pneumonia, bronchitis, septicemia, sinusitis
Bacteroide spp.
diarrhea, intra-abdominal abscesses, peritoneal infections, inflammatory bowel disease, anaerobic bacteremia, colon cancer
Cardiobacterium spp.
endocarditis
Gardnerella spp,
vaginitis
Eikenella spp.
Sinusitis, pulmonary infections, arthritis, endocarditis, pancreatic abscesses
Enteric Bacteria
Escherichia spp.
urinary tract infections, septicemia, diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis
Shigella spp.
dysentery, diarrhea
Salmonella spp.
gastroenteritis, septicemia, bacteremia, arthritis, typhoid fever, enterocolitis, gallbladder infection
Citrobacter spp.
opportunistic infections, neonatal meningitis
Klebsiella spp.
pneumoniae, infant diarrhea and urinary tract infection
Enterobacter spp./Other related species
wound infection, nosocomial infections, urinary tract infections, gastroenteritis
Hafnia spp.
opportunistic infections
Proteus spp.
urinary tract infections, infant diarrhea, respiratory infections
Serratia spp.
cystitis, bloodstream and central nervous system infections
Providencia spp.
nosocomial infections, urinary tract infections, burn wound infections
Morganella spp.
bacteremia, respiratory/urinary tract infections, wound infections
Yersinia spp.
gastroenteritis, wound infections, septicemia
Gram-Negative, Anaerobic, Straight, Curved, and Helical Rods
Bacterioides spp.
periodontal disease, bacteremia
Fusobacterium spp.
abscesses
Rickettsia and Chlamydia  -  obligate, intracellular parasites
Rickettsia -- Rod-shaped bacteria or Coccobacilli, Gram-Negative, Non-motile, Most transmitted by arthropods
Rickettsia spp.
Rickettsial pox
Coxiella spp.
Q fever
Chlamydia  - coccoid bacteria, Gram-negative, non-motile
Chlamydia spp.
trachoma (blindness), nongonococcal urethritis, lymphoma venereum, pneumonia
Mycoplasma spp.
pneumonia, urogenital tract infections
Ureaplasma spp.
urogenital tract infections
Gram-Positive Cocci
Staphylococcus spp.
cellulitis, boils, carbuncles, impetigo, toxic shock syndrome, bacteremia, endocarditis, meningitis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis
Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp.
bacteremia, endocarditis, peritonitis, genitourinary tract infections
Group A Streptococci spp.
pharyngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, arthritis, rheumatic fever, scarlet fever, impetigo
Group B Streptococci spp.
neonatal disease, pneumonia, septicemia, meningitis, endocarditis
Group C Streptococci spp.
pneumonia, pharyngitis, endocarditis, meningitis
Enterococcus spp.
wound infections, bacteremia, endocarditis, meningitis
Additional Streptococci spp.
pneumonia, otitis media, bacteremia, meningitis
Endospore-forming Gram-positive rods and cocci
Bacillus spp.
Anthrax, gastroenteritis
Clostridioides spp.
pseudomembranous colitis
Clostridium spp.
tetanus, botulism, gangrene
Non-Endospore forming Gram-Positive Rods
Listeria spp.
Food poisoning, abscess, abortion, meningitis
Erysipelothrix spp.
Erysipeloid, arthritis, endocarditis
Irregular, non-endospore forming, Gram-positive rods
Corynebacterium spp.
diphtheria
Actinomyces spp.
actinomyces-granulatomous, ocular infections, caries, periodontal disease, intrauterine infection
Propionibacterium spp.
acne
Mycobacterium spp.
tuberculosis, pulmonary disease, cutaneous abscesses, post-operative wound infections
Actinomycetes -- Irregular, non-endospore forming, Gram-positive
Nocardia spp.
cutaneous/subcutaneous infections, nocardiosis, mycetoma
Rhodococcus spp.
opportunist pathogens
Streptomyces spp.
actinomycetoma
Actinomadura spp.
actinomycetoma
Fungi
Rhizopus spp.
opportunistic infections--Mucormycosis
Rhizomucor spp.
opportunistic infections--Mucormycosis
Absidia spp.
opportunistic infections--Mucormycosis
Mucor spp.
opportunistic infections--Mucormycosis
Cunninghamella spp.
opportunistic infections--Mucormycosis
Mortierella spp.
opportunistic infections--Mucormycosis
Saksenaea spp.
opportunistic infections--Mucormycosis
Apophysomyces spp.
opportunistic infections--Mucormycosis
Penicillium spp.
Pneumonia, endocarditis, urinary tract infections
Candida spp.
candidiasis, thrush, iatrogenic infections, genitourinary tract infections
Fusarium spp.
disseminated skin lesions in patients with leukemia
Pseudalleschericia spp.
local lesions in paranasal sinuses, disseminated in kidney, thyroid, brain, heart
Cryptococcus
meningitis
Trichosporon spp.
trichosporonosis
Epidermophyton spp.
tinea cruris, tinea pedis
Malassezia spp.
tinea versicolor
Exophiala spp.
tinea nigra palmaris
Trichophyton spp.
athlete's foot, tinea pedis, tinea corporis, tinea pedis, tinea barbae, tinea cruris, tinea capitis, tinea favosa
Microsporum spp.
tinea capitis
Pneumocystis spp.
pneumonia
Histoplasma spp.
histoplasmosis
Coccidioides spp.
coccidioidomycosis
Paracoccidioides spp.
paracoccidioidomycosis
Blastomyces spp.
blastomycosis
Sporothrix spp.
tinea nigra
Aspergillus spp.
aspergillosis, pneumonia, ear infections, food-borne intoxication (aflatoxin)
Stachybotrys spp. / Memnoniella spp.
Toxic mold (black)
Protozoans
Amoebas
Entamoeba spp.
amoebic dysentery
Naegleria spp.
microencephalitis
Acanthamoeba spp.
keratitis, chronic granulomatous amoebic encephalitis
Flagellates
Giardia spp.
dysentery
Trichomonas spp.
urethritis, vaginitis
Ciliates	
Balantidium spp.
dysentery
Sporozoans
Cryptosporidium spp.
diarrhea
Cyclospora spp.
food poisoning
Toxoplasma spp.
Toxoplasmosis
Isospora spp.
intestinal disease
Viruses
Adenoviruses (Infectious canine hepatitis virus)
bronchitis, pneumonia, diarrhea, conjunctivitis, fever, bladder inflammation
Papillomaviruses (HPV), 
cancers, papilloma, warts
Polyomaviruses (simian vacuolating virus, Simian Virus 40, BK virus)
usually asymptomatic, hemorrhagic cystitis,
Herpesviruses (herpes simplex viruses, varicella-zoster virus, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus)
shingles, chicken pox, fever, sore throat, swollen glands, hepatitis
Parvoviruses (parvovirus B19, canine parvovirus)
Fifth disease, rash, rhinitis, headache, painful joints
Poxviruses (smallpox virus, cow pox virus, sheep pox virus, monkey pox, vaccinia virus, molluscum contagiosum)
lesions, skin nodules, disseminated rash
Picornaviruses 
(poliovirus, rhinovirus, coxsackie virus, enterovirus, hepatovirus, cardiovirus)
Hand, foot, and mouth disease, viral meningitis, myocarditis, acute flaccid paralysis, inflammatory muscle disease, stomach pain, nausea
Reoviruses (rotavirus)
acute necrotizing encephalopathy, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Caliciviruses (norovirus)
diarrhea, vomiting, stomach pain
Togoviruses (rubella virus, alphavirus)
German measles, rash, sore throat
Flaviviruses (dengue virus, hepatitis C virus, yellow fever virus, Zika virus, West Nile virus)
nausea, vomiting rash, aches, pains, bleeding from nose or gums
Orthomyxoviruses (influenza viruses, Thogotovirus)
fever, child, cough, sore throat, rhinitis
Paramyxoviruses (measles virus, measles virus, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), canine distemper virus)
high fever, coryza, conjunctivitis, coughing, wheezing,  
Bunyaviruses (California encephalitis virus, hantavirus, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever)
fatigue, fever, muscle aches, vomiting, diarrhea, shortness of breath
Rhabdoviruses (rabies virus)
flu-like symptoms, weakness, fever, headache
Filoviruses (Ebola virus, Marburg virus)
muscle pains, fatigue, diarrhea, unexplained bleeding or bruising
Coronaviruses (coronavirus, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV)
rhinitis, cough, sore throat, fever, fatigue, difficulty breathing
Astroviruses (astrovirus)
vomiting, diarrhea
Retroviruses (HIV)
night sweats, continual fevers, extreme fatigue, prolonged swelling of lymph glands
Hepeviruses (Hepatitis E virus)
nausea, jaundice, liver failure
Hepadnaviruses (Hepatitis B virus)
fever, vomiting, nausea, dark urine, jaundice
Arenaviruses (Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV), Lujo Hemorrhagic Fever (LHF) virus, Sabia Virus, Lassa virus)
meningitis, encephalitis, hydrocephalus, rash on face and trunk, respiratory distress, circulatory issues
Prions
TSEs (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies)
Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Syndrome, fatal familial insomnia, kuru, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie, transmissible mink encephalopathy, feline spongiform encephalopathy, ungulate spongiform encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease

