Other References of Interest Provided by the Panel (11/29/09)

1)  Somia Gurunathan,  Mark Robson, Natalie Freeman, Brian Buckley, Amit
Roy,  Roy Meyer, John Bukowski,  and Paul J. Lioy.  (1998)  Accumulation
of Chlorpyrifos on Residential Surfaces and Toys Accessible to Children.
Environ Health Perspect 106:9-16. [Online 9 January 1998] 

  HYPERLINK
"http://www.ehponline.org/docs/1998/106p9-16gurunathan/abstract.html" 
http://ehpnet1.niehs.nih.gov/docs/1998/106p9-16gurunathan/ abstract.html
 

Abstract 

Quantitative examination of major pathways and routes of exposure to
pesticides is essential for determining human risk. The current study
was conducted in two apartments and examines the accumulation of the
pesticide chlorpyrifos in childrens' toys after the time suggested for
reentry after application. It has been established for the first time
that a semivolatile pesticide will accumulate on and in toys and other
sorbant surfaces in a home via a two-phase physical process that
continues for at least 2 weeks postapplication. A summation of the above
for a 3-6-year-old child yielded an estimated nondietary total dose of
208 µg/kg/day. Potential exposure from the inhalation pathway was
negligible, while dermal and nondietary oral doses from playing with
toys contributed to 39 and 61% of the total dose, respectively. If
children with high frequency mouthing behavior are considered as
candidates for acute exposure to chlorpyrifos residues, the estimated
acute dose could be as high as 356 µg/kg/day. Routine reapplication of
pesticides could lead to continued accumulation in toys and other
sorbant surfaces, e.g., pillows, with large sorbant reservoirs, which
can become a long-term source of exposure to a child. Estimates of a
child's nondietary exposure to chlorpyrifos associated with toys and
other sorbant surfaces for a period of 1 week following application
appear to be of public health concern, and studies of actual childhood
exposure from this pathway are warranted in the home environment. The
above information should be used to determine if current procedures for
postapplication reentry are sufficient and to evaluate the need for
procedures to store frequently used household toys, pillows, and other
sorbant objects during insecticidal application. 

2)  Ross, L.J. et al. (1990).  Volatilization, off-site deposition, and
dissipation of DCPA ion the field.  J. Environ. Quality 19:715-722.

 

3) Seiber, J.N. et al. (1989).  Airborne residues resulting from the
use of methyl parathion, molinate, and thiobencarb on rice in the
Sacramento Valley, California.  Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry
8:577-588.

