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<p>The goal of a field-scale ground water monitoring study is to evaluate the potential  of a pesticide and its degradates of concern to leach to ground water under a specific  set of conditions.</p>

<p>Ground-water studies are a major component of OPP's pollution prevention strategy,  since the results of these studies are used to mitigate the impact of a pesticide on  ground water.  Data from these monitoring studies are essential in drawing conclusions  about pesticide leaching potential throughout a proposed use area.</p>

<p>Risks that are considered before requiring a ground water study include the effects of  the pesticide's use on ground-water quality, human health via drinking water, and the  ecosystem.  When the use of a pesticide has the potential to exceed the risk levels --  the levels of concern -- considered acceptable, a ground-water study is generally  proposed.</p>

<p>Soils, hydrology, climate, agronomic practices, and chemical and biological processes  vary significantly throughout pesticide-use environments.  For this reason, generic  predictions of pesticide persistence and mobility derived from laboratory studies may not  be sufficient to characterize the effects of these processes under actual field  conditions.</p>

<p>Small-scale ground-water monitoring studies can be useful in determining the movement  of a pesticide in the field and in developing a more realistic exposure assessment.  The  results of a small-scale prospective study provide important evidence about the leaching  potential of a pesticide in real-world conditions.</p>

<p>The data from these studies are helpful in evaluating the current management strategy  (as stated on the product label) for a pesticide that has been shown to leach to ground  water.  Similarly, a small-scale prospective study can be used to test the viability of  measures proposed to mitigate the problem of a specific chemical leaching to ground  water.</p>

<p>In the field, many processes that cannot be simulated by the laboratory studies influence the fate of a pesticide.  These processes can result in either less degradation  or dissipation than would be predicted or in enhanced degradation or dissipation in the  field.  Ground-water studies are specifically designed to look at the influence of 
real-world factors as they pertain to subsurface transport.  An advantage of the 
field-scale ground-water study is that it takes into account the combined influence of  these real-world factors that determine if a pesticide will leach, be lost via runoff or  erosion, or degrade.  </p>

<p>In determining the overall impact on water quality posed by use of a pesticide, it may  be possible to highlight uses for which impacts appear to be lower, and focus efforts on  specific uses or geographical areas where impacts may be higher.  </p>

 
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