

[Federal Register: December 5, 2007 (Volume 72, Number 233)]
[Rules and Regulations]               
[Page 68529-68534]
From the Federal Register Online via GPO Access [wais.access.gpo.gov]
[DOCID:fr05de07-19]                         

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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 180

[EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0195; FRL-8342-2]

 
Ethalfluralin; Pesticide Tolerance

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: This regulation establishes tolerances for residues of 
ethalfluralin in or on dill, dried leaves; dill, fresh leaves; mustard, 
seed; potato; and rapeseed, seed. It also removes the current tolerance 
for residues of ethalfluralin on canola seed since residues on canola 
are covered by the rapeseed tolerance, thus making the canola tolerance 
unnecessary. Interregional Research Project Number 4 (IR-4) requested 
the new tolerances and removal of the canola tolerance under the 
Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA).

DATES: This regulation is effective December 5, 2007. Objections and 
requests for hearings must be received on or before February 4, 2008, 
and must be filed in accordance with the instructions provided in 40 
CFR part 178 (see also Unit I.C. of the SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION).

ADDRESSES: EPA has established a docket for this action under docket 
identification (ID) number EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0195. To access the 
electronic docket, go to http://www.regulations.gov, select ``Advanced 

Search,'' then ``Docket Search.'' Insert the docket ID number where 
indicated and select the ``Submit'' button. Follow the instructions on 
the regulations.gov website to view the docket index or access 
available documents. All documents in the docket are listed in the 
docket index available in regulations.gov. Although listed in the 
index, some information is not publicly available, e.g., Confidential 
Business Information (CBI) or other information whose disclosure is 
restricted by statute. Certain other material, such as copyrighted 
material, is not placed on the Internet and will be publicly available 
only in hard copy form. Publicly available docket materials are 
available in the electronic docket at http://www.regulations.gov, or, 

if only available in hard copy, at the OPP Regulatory Public Docket in 
Rm. S-4400, One Potomac Yard (South Bldg.), 2777 S. Crystal Dr., 
Arlington, VA. The Docket Facility is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4 p.m., 
Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The Docket Facility 
telephone number is (703) 305-5805.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Susan Stanton, Registration Division 
(7505P), Office of Pesticide Programs, Environmental Protection Agency, 
1200 Pennsylvania Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001; telephone 
number: (703) 305-5218; e-mail address: stanton.susan@epa.gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:

I. General Information

A. Does this Action Apply to Me?

    You may be potentially affected by this action if you are an 
agricultural producer, food manufacturer, or pesticide manufacturer. 
Potentially affected entities may include, but are not limited to those 
engaged in the following activities:
     Crop production (NAICS code 111), e.g., agricultural 
workers; greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture workers; farmers.
     Animal production (NAICS code 112), e.g., cattle ranchers 
and farmers, dairy cattle farmers, livestock farmers.
     Food manufacturing (NAICS code 311), e.g., agricultural 
workers; farmers; greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture workers; 
ranchers; pesticide applicators.
     Pesticide manufacturing (NAICS code 32532), e.g., 
agricultural workers; commercial applicators; farmers;

[[Page 68530]]

greenhouse, nursery, and floriculture workers; residential users.
    This listing is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather to 
provide a guide for readers regarding entities likely to be affected by 
this action. Other types of entities not listed in this unit could also 
be affected. The North American Industrial Classification System 
(NAICS) codes have been provided to assist you and others in 
determining whether this action might apply to certain entities. If you 
have any questions regarding the applicability of this action to a 
particular entity, consult the person listed under FOR FURTHER 
INFORMATION CONTACT.

B. How Can I Access Electronic Copies of this Document?

    In addition to accessing an electronic copy of this Federal 
Register document through the electronic docket at http://www.regulations.gov
, you may access this Federal Register document 

electronically through the EPA Internet under the ``Federal Register'' 
listings at http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr. You may also access a 

frequently updated electronic version of EPA's tolerance regulations at 
40 CFR part 180 through the Government Printing Office's pilot e-CFR 
site at http://www.gpoaccess.gov/ecfr.


C. Can I File an Objection or Hearing Request?

    Under section 408(g) of FFDCA, any person may file an objection to 
any aspect of this regulation and may also request a hearing on those 
objections. You must file your objection or request a hearing on this 
regulation in accordance with the instructions provided in 40 CFR part 
178. To ensure proper receipt by EPA, you must identify docket ID 
number EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0195 in the subject line on the first page of 
your submission. All requests must be in writing, and must be mailed or 
delivered to the Hearing Clerk as required by 40 CFR part 178 on or 
before February 4, 2008.
    In addition to filing an objection or hearing request with the 
Hearing Clerk as described in 40 CFR part 178, please submit a copy of 
the filing that does not contain any CBI for inclusion in the public 
docket that is described in ADDRESSES. Information not marked 
confidential pursuant to 40 CFR part 2 may be disclosed publicly by EPA 
without prior notice. Submit this copy, identified by docket ID number 
EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0195, by one of the following methods:
     Federal eRulemaking Portal: http://www.regulations.gov. 

Follow the on-line instructions for submitting comments.
     Mail: Office of Pesticide Programs (OPP) Regulatory Public 
Docket (7502P), Environmental Protection Agency, 1200 Pennsylvania 
Ave., NW., Washington, DC 20460-0001.
     Delivery: OPP Regulatory Public Docket (7502P), 
Environmental Protection Agency, Rm. S-4400, One Potomac Yard (South 
Bldg.), 2777 S. Crystal Dr., Arlington, VA. Deliveries are only 
accepted during the Docket's normal hours of operation (8:30 a.m. to 4 
p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays). Special 
arrangements should be made for deliveries of boxed information. The 
Docket Facility telephone number is (703) 305-5805.

II. Petition for Tolerance

    In the Federal Register of August 31, 2005 (70 FR 51797) (FRL-7730-
4), EPA issued a notice pursuant to section 408(d)(3) of FFDCA, 21 
U.S.C. 346a(d)(3), announcing the filing of a pesticide petitions (PP 
1E6326, PP 2E6360 and PP2E6466) by Interregional Research Project 
Number 4 (IR-4), 500 College Road East, Suite 201 W, Princeton, NJ 
08540-6635. The petitions requested that 40 CFR 180.416 be amended by 
establishing tolerances for residues of the herbicide ethalfluralin, 
[N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-
(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine], in or on dill (PP 1E6326); rapeseed, 
canola, crambe and mustard seed (PP2E6466); and potato (PP 2E6360) at 
0.05 parts per million (ppm). That notice included a summary of the 
petitions prepared by Dow AgroSciences LLC, the registrant, which is 
available to the public in the docket, http://www.regulations.gov. 

There were no comments received in response to the notice of filing.
    EPA has modified the tolerances proposed in PP 1E6326 (rapeseed, 
canola, crambe and mustard). The reason for these changes is explained 
in Unit V.

III. Aggregate Risk Assessment and Determination of Safety

    Section 408(b)(2)(A)(i) of FFDCA allows EPA to establish a 
tolerance (the legal limit for a pesticide chemical residue in or on a 
food) only if EPA determines that the tolerance is ``safe.'' Section 
408(b)(2)(A)(ii) of FFDCA defines ``safe'' to mean that ``there is a 
reasonable certainty that no harm will result from aggregate exposure 
to the pesticide chemical residue, including all anticipated dietary 
exposures and all other exposures for which there is reliable 
information.'' This includes exposure through drinking water and in 
residential settings, but does not include occupational exposure. 
Section 408(b)(2)(C) of FFDCA requires EPA to give special 
consideration to exposure of infants and children to the pesticide 
chemical residue in establishing a tolerance and to ``ensure that there 
is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result to infants and 
children from aggregate exposure to the pesticide chemical 
residue....'' These provisions were added to FFDCA by the Food Quality 
Protection Act (FQPA) of 1996.
    Consistent with section 408(b)(2)(D) of FFDCA, and the factors 
specified in section 408(b)(2)(D) of FFDCA, EPA has reviewed the 
available scientific data and other relevant information in support of 
this action. EPA has sufficient data to assess the hazards of and to 
make a determination on aggregate exposure for the petitioned-for 
tolerance for residues of ethalfluralin on dill, dried leaves; dill, 
fresh leaves; mustard, seed; potato; and rapeseed, seed at 0.05 ppm. 
EPA's assessment of exposures and risks associated with establishing 
the tolerance follows.

A. Toxicological Profile

    EPA has evaluated the available toxicity data and considered its 
validity, completeness, and reliability as well as the relationship of 
the results of the studies to human risk. EPA has also considered 
available information concerning the variability of the sensitivities 
of major identifiable subgroups of consumers, including infants and 
children. Specific information on the studies received and the nature 
of the adverse effects caused by ethalfluralin as well as the no-
observed-adverse-effect-level (NOAEL) and the lowest-observed-adverse-
effect-level (LOAEL) from the toxicity studies can be found at http://www.regulations.gov
 in the document Ethalfluralin: Human Health Risk 

Assessment for (IR-4) Proposed Uses on Dill and Potato. The referenced 
document is available in the docket established by this action, which 
is described under ADDRESSES, and is identified as document number EPA-
HQ-OPP-2005-0195-0001 in that docket.
    The toxicity database for ethalfluralin is complete and indicates 
it has low acute toxicity by oral, dermal, and inhalation routes of 
exposure. It is moderately irritating to the eye and produces moderate 
to severe skin irritation. In one study ethalfluralin was negative for 
dermal sensitization, but in another, it was considered positive.
    In general, subchronic and chronic feeding studies in rats, mice, 
and dogs

[[Page 68531]]

indicate the liver as the target organ, with consistent effects of 
enzymatic changes, liver weight increases, and histopathology (chronic 
mouse). A combined chronic/carcinogenicity study in rats showed no non-
neoplastic effects at the highest dose tested (32 milligrams/kilogram/
day ((mg/kg/day). However, mammary gland fibroadenomas were increased 
in a dose-related manner. The mouse carcinogenicity study showed no 
increase in tumor incidence. Ethalfluralin was classified as a possible 
human carcinogen in 1994 and, pursuant to that classification, cancer 
risk is assessed using quantitative linear low-dose extrapolation.
    Ethalfluralin does not produce developmental toxicity in rats at 
doses up to 1,000 mg/kg/day. There are several rabbit developmental 
toxicity studies available; together, these studies indicate the 
potential for ethalfluralin to induce skeletal malformations at doses 
of >150 mg/kg/day. Maternal toxicity was observed at similar doses. 
Ethalfluralin did not produce reproductive or offspring effects in the 
3-generation reproduction studies; the parental effects consisted of 
decreased body weight gains.
    There is no evidence of neurotoxicity in the submitted toxicity 
studies for ethalfluralin.

B. Toxicological Endpoints

    For hazards that have a threshold below which there is no 
appreciable risk, the toxicological level of concern (LOC) is derived 
from the highest dose at which no adverse effects are observed (the 
NOAEL) in the toxicology study identified as appropriate for use in 
risk assessment. However, if a NOAEL cannot be determined, the lowest 
dose at which adverse effects of concern are identified (the LOAEL) is 
sometimes used for risk assessment. Uncertainty/safety factors (UFs) 
are used in conjunction with the LOC to take into account uncertainties 
inherent in the extrapolation from laboratory animal data to humans and 
in the variations in sensitivity among members of the human population 
as well as other unknowns. Safety is assessed for acute and chronic 
risks by comparing aggregate exposure to the pesticide to the acute 
population adjusted dose (aPAD) and chronic population adjusted dose 
(cPAD). The aPAD and cPAD are calculated by dividing the LOC by all 
applicable UFs. Short-term, intermediate-term, and long-term risks are 
evaluated by comparing aggregate exposure to the LOC to ensure that the 
margin of exposure (MOE) called for by the product of all applicable 
UFs is not exceeded.
    For non-threshold risks, the Agency assumes that any amount of 
exposure will lead to some degree of risk and estimates risk in terms 
of the probability of occurrence of additional adverse cases. 
Generally, cancer risks are considered non-threshold. For more 
information on the general principles EPA uses in risk characterization 
and a complete description of the risk assessment process, see http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/factsheets/riskassess.htm
.

    A summary of the toxicological endpoints for ethalfluralin used for 
human risk assessment can be found at http://www.regulations.gov in 

document Ethalfluralin: Human Health Risk Assessment for (IR-4) 
Proposed Uses on Dill and Potato at pages 13-17 in docket ID number 
EPA-HQ-OPP-2005-0195.

C. Exposure Assessment

    1. Dietary exposure from food and feed uses. In evaluating dietary 
exposure to ethalfluralin, EPA considered exposure under the 
petitioned-for tolerances as well as all existing ethalfluralin 
tolerances in (40 CFR 180.416). EPA assessed dietary exposures from 
ethalfluralin in food as follows:
    i. Acute exposure. Quantitative acute dietary exposure and risk 
assessments are performed for a food-use pesticide, if a toxicological 
study has indicated the possibility of an effect of concern occurring 
as a result of a 1-day or single exposure. No such effect was 
identified for the general population, including infants and children, 
in the toxicological studies for ethalfluralin. However, EPA identified 
potential acute effects (increased number of resorptions and increased 
sternal and cranial variations seen in the rabbit developmental 
toxicity study) for the population subgroup females, 13 to 49 years 
old. In estimating acute dietary exposure of females, 13 to 49 years 
old, EPA used food consumption information from the U.S. Department of 
Agriculture (USDA) 1994-1996 Nationwide Continuing Surveys of Food 
Intake by Individuals (CSFII). As to residue levels in food, EPA relied 
on anticipated residues derived from field trial data for certain 
commodities (dry bean, peanuts, dry peas, soybeans and sunflower seed) 
and assumed tolerance level residues for the remaining commodities, 
including dill and potato. EPA assumed 100 percent crop treated (PCT) 
for all commodities.
    ii. Chronic exposure. In conducting the chronic dietary exposure 
assessment EPA used the food consumption data from the 1994-1996 and 
1998 CSFII. As to residues in food, EPA relied on the same anticipated 
residues and tolerances as in the acute exposure assessment and assumed 
100 PCT for all commodities.
    iii. Cancer. EPA has classified ethalfluralin as a possible human 
carcinogen, based on a dose-related increase in mammary gland 
fibroadenomas observed in the rat carcinogenicity study. EPA evaluated 
cancer risk using a quantitative approach based on a cancer potency 
factor, or Q1*, of 8.9 x 10-2 (mg/kg/day)-1. As 
to residues in food, EPA relied on the same estimates used in the acute 
and chronic exposure assessments for all commodities except soybean, 
watermelon and potato. For soybean and watermelon, EPA relied on 
anticipated residues derived from the USDA Pesticide Data Program 
monitoring data. The anticipated residue for potatoes was derived from 
field trial data. EPA assumed 100 PCT for all commodities.
    iv. Anticipated residue and PCT information. Section 408(b)(2)(E) 
of FFDCA authorizes EPA to use available data and information on the 
anticipated residue levels of pesticide residues in food and the actual 
levels of pesticide residues that have been measured in food. If EPA 
relies on such information, EPA must pursuant tosection 408(f)(1) of 
FFDCA require that data be provided 5 years after the tolerance is 
established, modified, or left in effect, demonstrating that the levels 
in food are not above the levels anticipated. For the present action, 
EPA will issue such data call-ins as are required by section 
408(b)(2)(E) of FFDCA and authorized under section 408(f)(1) of FFDCA. 
Data will be required to be submitted no later than 5 years from the 
date of issuance of this tolerance.
    EPA did not use any information on the actual percent of crops 
treated with ethalfluralin, but rather assumed 100% of each crop would 
be treated and contain residues of ethalfluralin.
    2. Dietary exposure from drinking water. Drinking water monitoring 
data collected by USDA's Pesticide Data Program (PDP) are available for 
ethalfluralin for the years 2003, 2004 and 2005. During this time 
period, a total of 1,253 water samples were collected and found to 
contain no detectable residues of ethalfluralin. The limit of detection 
(LOD) of the method used to collect the data was 45.4 parts per 
trillion (ppt). EPA used a value equal to [frac12] the LOD or 22.7 ppt 
(0.023 parts per billion (ppb)) to assess cancer risk from residues of 
ethalfluralin in drinking water.

[[Page 68532]]

    The PDP drinking water monitoring data were considered to be 
appropriate to assess cancer risk from the established and new uses of 
ethalfluralin for the following reasons:
    i. Application rates for both existing and new uses are similar; 
while peak drinking water estimates differ slightly from one crop to 
another, the Agency's modeled drinking water numbers for the average of 
yearly means did not differ significantly by crop, supporting the 
notion that the existing monitoring data can support new uses;
    ii. The drinking water monitoring data were collected over multiple 
years from a variety of states which include potential ethalfluralin 
use areas;
    iii. The lack of findings of detectable residues is supported by 
modeled drinking water estimates and by the environmental fate 
properties of ethalfluralin (e.g., 6-hour half-life for aqueous 
photolysis).
    EPA did not use the PDP data to evaluate acute or chronic risk from 
residues of ethalfluralin in drinking water. PDP drinking water 
monitoring data are not appropriate for use in acute dietary exposure 
assessments, because the frequency of sample collection may not 
accurately capture peak drinking water values. However, for the purpose 
of chronic and cancer assessments, multiple years of data over multiple 
seasons and reflecting a variety of sampling regions are considered to 
provide an additional level of refinement over the use of modeled 
drinking water estimates. In the case of ethalfluralin, since estimated 
chronic risks based on more conservative modeled estimates are below 
the Agency's LOC, the additional refinement provided by the PDP data is 
not necessary. Therefore, for both the acute and chronic dietary 
exposure assessments EPA relied on estimates of ethalfluralin residues 
in drinking water developed through simulation or modeling taking into 
account data on the environmental fate characteristics of 
ethalfluralin. Further information regarding EPA drinking water models 
used in pesticide exposure assessment can be found at http://www.epa.gov/oppefed1/models/water/index.htm
.

    Based on the Pesticide Root Zone Model/Exposure Analysis Modeling 
System (PRZM/EXAMS) and Screening Concentration in Ground Water (SCI-
GROW) models, the estimated environmental concentrations (EECs) of 
ethalfluralin for acute exposures are estimated to be 11 ppb for 
surface water and 0.02 ppb for ground water. The EECs for chronic 
exposures are estimated to be 0.4 ppb for surface water and 0.02 ppb 
for ground water.
    Modeled estimates of drinking water concentrations were directly 
entered into the dietary exposure model. For acute dietary risk 
assessment, the water concentration value of 11 ppb was used to access 
the contribution to drinking water. For chronic dietary risk 
assessment, the water concentration of value 0.4 ppb was used to access 
the contribution to drinking water.
    3. From non-dietary exposure. The term ``residential exposure'' is 
used in this document to refer to non-occupational, non-dietary 
exposure (e.g., for lawn and garden pest control, indoor pest control, 
termiticides, and flea and tick control on pets). Ethalfluralin is not 
registered for use on any sites that would result in residential 
exposure.
    4. Cumulative effects from substances with a common mechanism of 
toxicity. Section 408(b)(2)(D)(v) of FFDCA requires that, when 
considering whether to establish, modify, or revoke a tolerance, the 
Agency consider ``available information'' concerning the cumulative 
effects of a particular pesticide's residues and ``other substances 
that have a common mechanism of toxicity.''
    Unlike other pesticides for which EPA has followed a cumulative 
risk approach based on a common mechanism of toxicity, EPA has not made 
a common mechanism of toxicity finding as to ethalfluralin and any 
other substances and ethalfluralin does not appear to produce a toxic 
metabolite produced by other substances. For the purposes of this 
tolerance action, therefore, EPA has not assumed that ethalfluralin has 
a common mechanism of toxicity with other substances. For information 
regarding EPA's efforts to determine which chemicals have a common 
mechanism of toxicity and to evaluate the cumulative effects of such 
chemicals, see EPA's website at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/cumulative
.


D. Safety Factor for Infants and Children

    1. In general. Section 408 of FFDCA provides that EPA shall apply 
an additional (``10X'') tenfold margin of safety for infants and 
children in the case of threshold effects to account for prenatal and 
postnatal toxicity and the completeness of the database on toxicity and 
exposure unless EPA determines based on reliable data that a different 
margin of safety will be safe for infants and children. This additional 
margin of safety is commonly referred to as the FQPA safety factor. In 
applying this provision, EPA either retains the default value of 10X 
when reliable data do not support the choice of a different factor, or, 
if reliable data are available, EPA uses a different additional FQPA 
safety factor value based on the use of traditional UFs and/or special 
FQPA safety factors, as appropriate.
    2. Prenatal and postnatal sensitivity. The prenatal and postnatal 
toxicology database for ethalfluralin includes a rat developmental 
toxicity study, several rabbit developmental toxicity studies and a 3-
generation reproduction toxicity study in rats. There was no 
quantitative or qualitative evidence of increased prenatal or postnatal 
sensitivity in the rat developmental toxicity study or 3-generation 
reproduction toxicity study in rats. The rabbit developmental toxicity 
studies indicate the potential for ethalfluralin to induce skeletal 
malformations at doses of >= 150 mg/kg/day. These effects were seen in 
the presence of maternal toxicity.
    Although there is evidence of increased qualitative susceptibility 
in young in the developmental toxicity studies in rabbits, there are no 
residual uncertainties and the degree of concern is low. The 
developmental effects seen at the LOAEL of 150 mg/kg/day are slight 
(mainly sternal variations in one or two fetuses, incomplete cranial 
development in 2 fetuses and a slight increase in resorptions). There 
is a clear NOAEL for these effects and the effects occurred in the 
presence of maternal toxicity. Additionally, the dose used for risk 
assessment purposes is 75 mg/kg/day, the NOAEL from the developmental 
studies in rabbits. Use of this NOAEL for risk assessment is protective 
of any potential developmental effects.
    3. Conclusion. EPA has determined that reliable data show that it 
would be safe for infants and children to reduce the FQPA safety factor 
to 1X. That decision is based on the following findings:
    i. The toxicity database for ethalfluralin is complete.
    ii. There is no indication that ethalfluralin is a neurotoxic 
chemical and there is no need for a developmental neurotoxicity study 
or additional UFs to account for neurotoxicity.
    iii. Although there is qualitative evidence of increased 
susceptibility in the prenatal developmental studies in rabbits, the 
risk assessment team did not identify any residual uncertainties after 
establishing toxicity endpoints and traditional UFs to be used in the 
risk assessment of ethalfluralin. The degree of concern for prenatal 
and/or postnatal toxicity is low.
    iv. There are no residual uncertainties identified in the exposure 
databases.

[[Page 68533]]

The dietary food exposure assessments were performed based on 100 PCT 
and tolerance-level or anticipated residues derived using reliable 
field trial data. Conservative ground and surface water modeling 
estimates were used to assess threshold acute and chronic risks. These 
assessments will not underestimate the exposure and risks posed by 
ethalfluralin.

E. Aggregate Risks and Determination of Safety

    Safety is assessed for acute and chronic risks by comparing 
aggregate exposure to the pesticide to the aPAD and cPAD. The aPAD and 
cPAD are calculated by dividing the LOC by all applicable UFs. For 
linear cancer risks, EPA calculates the probability of additional 
cancer cases given aggregate exposure. Short-term, intermediate-term, 
and long-term risks are evaluated by comparing aggregate exposure to 
the LOC to ensure that the MOE called for by the product of all 
applicable UFs is not exceeded.
    1. Acute risk. Using the exposure assumptions discussed in this 
unit for acute exposure, the acute dietary exposure from food and water 
to ethalfluralin will occupy less than 1% of the aPAD for females 13 to 
49 years old, the population group of concern for acute exposure to 
ethalfluralin.
    2. Chronic risk. Using the exposure assumptions described in this 
unit for chronic exposure, EPA has concluded that exposure to 
ethalfluralin from food and water will utilize less than 1% of the cPAD 
for children, 1 to 2 years old, the population group with the greatest 
estimated exposure. There are no residential uses for ethalfluralin 
that result in chronic residential exposure to ethalfluralin.
    3. Short-term risk. Short-term aggregate exposure takes into 
account residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food and water 
(considered to be a background exposure level). Ethalfluralin is not 
registered for use on any sites that would result in residential 
exposure. Therefore, the aggregate risk is the sum of the risk from 
food and water.
    4. Intermediate-term risk. Intermediate-term aggregate exposure 
takes into account residential exposure plus chronic exposure to food 
and water (considered to be a background exposure level). Ethalfluralin 
is not registered for use on any sites that would result in residential 
exposure. Therefore, the aggregate risk is the sum of the risk from 
food and water, which do not exceed the Agency's LOC.
    5. Aggregate cancer risk for U.S. population. Using the exposure 
assumptions described in this unit for the cancer risk assessment, EPA 
has concluded that exposure to ethalfluralin from food and water will 
result in a lifetime cancer risk of 2 x 10-6 for the U.S. 
population. This risk estimate is based, in part, on the conservative 
assumption that 100% of all crops for which ethalfluralin is registered 
or proposed for registration are treated. Additional refinement using 
PCT estimates would result in a lower estimate of dietary cancer risk.
    EPA generally considers cancer risks in the range of 
10-6 or less to be negligible. The precision which can be 
assumed for cancer risk estimates is best described by rounding to the 
nearest integral order of magnitude on the log scale; for example, 
risks falling between 3.16 x 10-7 and 3.16 x 10-6 
are expressed as risks in the range of 10-6. Considering the 
precision with which cancer hazard can be estimated, the 
conservativeness of low-dose linear extrapolation, and the rounding 
procedure described above, cancer risk should generally not be assumed 
to exceed the benchmark LOC of the range of 10-6 until the 
calculated risk exceeds approximately 3 x 10-6. Since the 
calculated cancer risk for ethalfluralin falls below this level, 
estimated cancer risk is considered to be negligible.
    6. Determination of safety. Based on these risk assessments, EPA 
concludes that there is a reasonable certainty that no harm will result 
to the general population, or to infants and children from aggregate 
exposure to ethalfluralin residues.

IV. Other Considerations

A. Analytical Enforcement Methodology

    Adequate enforcement methodology is available to enforce the 
tolerance expression. Two gas chromatograph (GC) methods, Methods I and 
II, both with electron capture detection (ECD) are listed in the 
Pesticide Analytical Manual (PAM, Vol. II, section 180.416). Methods I 
and II are applicable for the analysis of ethalfluralin residues in/on 
plant and animal commodities, respectively. The limits of detection 
(LODs) are 0.01 and < 0.01 ppm for methods I and II, respectively.

B. International Residue Limits

    There are currently no Codex, Canadian, or Mexican Maximum Residue 
Limits (MRLs) established on the commodities associated with these 
petitions.

V. Conclusion

    EPA has determined that the proposed tolerance on crambe is 
unnecessary, since, pursuant to 40 CFR 180.1(g), the tolerance being 
established for rapeseed also applies to residues of ethalfluralin on 
crambe. The rapeseed tolerance also covers residues of ethalfluralin in 
or on canola seed. Since there is no longer a need for the canola 
tolerance, EPA is removing this tolerance as requested in IR-4's 
petition.
    Therefore, tolerances are established for residues of 
ethalfluralin, N-ethyl-N-(2-methyl-2-propenyl)-2,6-dinitro-4-
(trifluoromethyl)benzenamine, in or on dill, dried leaves; dill, fresh 
leaves; mustard, seed; potato; and rapeseed, seed at 0.05 ppm. The 
current tolerance of 0.05 ppm on canola is removed.

VI. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    This final rule establishes a tolerance under section 408(d) of 
FFDCA in response to a petition submitted to the Agency. The Office of 
Management and Budget (OMB) has exempted these types of actions from 
review under Executive Order 12866, entitled Regulatory Planning and 
Review (58 FR 51735, October 4, 1993). Because this rule has been 
exempted from review under Executive Order 12866, this rule is not 
subject to Executive Order 13211, Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use (66 FR 28355, 
May 22, 2001) or Executive Order 13045, entitled Protection of Children 
from Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks (62 FR 19885, April 
23, 1997). This final rule does not contain any information collections 
subject to OMB approval under the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA), 44 
U.S.C. 3501 et seq., nor does it require any special considerations 
under Executive Order 12898, entitled Federal Actions to Address 
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income 
Populations (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994).
    Since tolerances and exemptions that are established on the basis 
of a petition under section 408(d) of FFDCA, such as the tolerance in 
this final rule, do not require the issuance of a proposed rule, the 
requirements of the Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA) (5 U.S.C. 601 et 
seq.) do not apply.
    This final rule directly regulates growers, food processors, food 
handlers, and food retailers, not States or tribes, nor does this 
action alter the relationships or distribution of power and 
responsibilities established by Congress in the preemption provisions 
of section 408(n)(4) of FFDCA. As such, the Agency has determined that 
this action will not have a substantial direct effect on States or 
tribal governments,

[[Page 68534]]

on the relationship between the national government and the States or 
tribal governments, or on the distribution of power and 
responsibilities among the various levels of government or between the 
Federal Government and Indian tribes. Thus, the Agency has determined 
that Executive Order 13132, entitled Federalism (64 FR 43255, August 
10, 1999) and Executive Order 13175, entitled Consultation and 
Coordination with Indian Tribal Governments (65 FR 67249, November 6, 
2000) do not apply to this rule. In addition, This rule does not impose 
any enforceable duty or contain any unfunded mandate as described under 
Title II of the Unfunded Mandates Reform Act of 1995 (UMRA) (Public Law 
104-4).
    This action does not involve any technical standards that would 
require Agency consideration of voluntary consensus standards pursuant 
to section 12(d) of the National Technology Transfer and Advancement 
Act of 1995 (NTTAA), Public Law 104-113, section 12(d) (15 U.S.C. 272 
note).

VII. Congressional Review Act

    The Congressional Review Act, 5 U.S.C. 801 et seq., generally 
provides that before a rule may take effect, the agency promulgating 
the rule must submit a rule report to each House of the Congress and to 
the Comptroller General of the United States. EPA will submit a report 
containing this rule and other required information to the U.S. Senate, 
the U.S. House of Representatives, and the Comptroller General of the 
United States prior to publication of this final rule in the Federal 
Register. This final rule is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 
U.S.C. 804(2).

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 180

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Agricultural commodities, Pesticides and pests, Reporting and 
recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: November 26, 2007.
Donald R. Stubbs,
Acting Director, Registration Division, Office of Pesticide Programs.

0
Therefore, 40 CFR chapter I is amended as follows:

PART 180--[AMENDED]

0
1. The authority citation for part 180 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 21 U.S.C. 321(q), 346a and 371.

0
2. Section 180.416 is amended by removing the current tolerance on 
``Canola, seed'' and alphabetically adding the following commodities to 
the table in paragraph (a) to read as follows:


Sec. 180.416  Ethalfluralin; tolerances for residues.

    (a) * * *

------------------------------------------------------------------------
                      Commodity                        Parts per million
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                * * * * *
Dill, dried leaves...................................               0.05
Dill, fresh leaves...................................               0.05
Mustard, seed........................................               0.05
                                * * * * *
Potato...............................................               0.05
Rapeseed, seed.......................................               0.05
                                * * * * *
------------------------------------------------------------------------

* * * * *
[FR Doc. E7-23578 Filed 12-4-07; 8:45 am]

BILLING CODE 6560-50-S
