Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
1
of
120
II.
D.
Appendices:
Drinking
Water
Exposure
6.
N­
Methyl
Carbamate
Surface
Water
Exposure
Assessment
This
appendix
provides
details
on
the
regional
surface
water
exposure
assessments
conducted
in
support
of
the
N­
methyl
carbamate
(
NMC)
cumulative
exposure
assessment.
A
description
of
the
conceptual
model
and
a
summary
of
the
analytical
plan
and
results
(
focusing
on
the
southeastern
region
are
found
in
Section
I.
D).
This
appendix
provides
details
of
the
analytical
methods,
results
for
each
of
the
regions,
and
documentation
for
the
modeling
inputs
and
scenarios
used
for
the
regional
surface
water
exposures.

A.
Constructing
the
Conceptual
Model
For
surface
water
exposure,
the
Agency
focused
on
vulnerable
surface
water
supplies.
These
vulnerable
systems
were
defined
as

small
reservoirs
in
agricultural
areas

with
high
NMC
use
(
adjusted
for
relative
potency)


and
watersheds
that
are
particularly
prone
to
pesticide
movement
to
water
(
by
runoff
and/
or
sedimentation)

The
Agency
used
1997
county­
level
usage
data
(
Thelin
and
Gianessi,
2000),
with
pounds
of
active
ingredient
adjusted
by
the
relative
potency
for
the
pesticide,
to
identify
high
carbamate
use
areas.
Because
the
usage
data
represented
agricultural
usage
of
the
pesticide
(
of
the
NMC
pesticides
that
have
the
potential
to
reach
drinking
water
sources,
only
carbaryl
has
non­
agricultural
uses),
this
usage
data
identified
predominantly
agricultural
areas.
Once
the
regional
surface
water
exposure
sites
were
identified,
the
Agency
used
pesticide
use
surveys
from
USDA
National
Agricultural
Statistics
Service
(
NASS)
and
Doane's
to
estimate
NMC
usage
in
more
recent
years.

Surface
water
sources
of
drinking
water
were
identified
using
two
sources:


A
spatial
dataset
that
identifies
the
population,
by
county,
that
gets
its
drinking
water
from
public
surface
water
supplies
(
USGS,
1998);


A
spatial
dataset
showing
the
location
of
drinking
water
intakes
for
CWS
in
the
U.
S.
This
information
was
based
on
the
Agency's
SDWIS
database.

The
Agency
compared
relative
vulnerabilities
of
the
areas
based
on
averageannual
runoff,
average
2­
month
runoff
(
beginning
of
the
growing
season),
and
average
soil
loss,
as
developed
by
the
USDA
Natural
Resources
Conservation
Service
(
Kellogg
et
al,
1997).

The
resulting
regional
surface
water
scenario
sites
are
shown
in
Figure
II.
D.
6.1.
This
approach
follows
the
same
conceptual
model
used
for
the
organophosphate
(
OP)
CRA.
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
2
of
120
II.
D.
6.
1
­
Carbamate
cumulative
risk
assessment
regions
for
drinking
water
exposure
assessment
showing
high
carbamate
use
areas
and
regional
surface
water
exposure
sites.

For
the
preliminary
NMC
CRA,
the
Agency
used
estimated
carbamate
residues
from
the
vulnerable
surface
water
supplies
to
represent
potential
NMC
exposure
from
surface
water
in
each
region.
The
Agency
assumed
that
concentrations
in
the
water
at
the
intake
represented
concentrations
found
in
treated
water.
This
assumption
is
protective,
but
not
unreasonable,
considering
the
state
of
published
literature
on
drinking
water
treatment
impacts
on
NMC
pesticides
(
Appendix
II.
D.
3).
If
carbamate
levels
in
water
from
these
vulnerable
sites
are
not
major
contributors
to
the
total
regional
cumulative
exposure,
then
the
Agency
can
reasonably
conclude
that
drinking
water
exposures
will
not
be
a
concern
in
other,
less
vulnerable,
areas.
If
drinking
water
exposure
from
one
or
more
of
these
vulnerable
sites
is
a
significant
contributor
to
the
total
cumulative
exposure,
then
additional
refinements
may
be
necessary
to
characterize
the
extent
of
the
potential
exposure.
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
3
of
120
B.
Estimating
Daily
Cumulative
N­
methyl
Carbamate
Concentrations
in
Surface
Water
The
cumulative
assessment
focuses
on
the
probability
or
likelihood
of
concurrent
exposure
to
multiple
pesticides
from
food,
water,
and
residential
use.
For
surface
water
sources
of
drinking
water,
the
Agency
determined
the
potential
for
co­
occurrence
by
considering
the
potential
for
more
than
one
NMC
pesticide
to
be
used
in
the
same
watershed
(
on
the
same
or
different
crops
that
may
be
grown
in
the
watershed).
The
Agency
determined
the
potential
for
co­
occurrence
at
each
of
the
regional
surface
water
exposure
sites
using
USDA
National
Agricultural
Statistics
Service
(
USDA
NASS)
and
Doane's
databases.
OPP
considered
carbamate
usage
on
agricultural
crops
for
a
multicounty
area
surrounding
each
of
the
vulnerable
surface
water
exposure
sites
shown
in
Figure
II.
D.
6.1,
identifying
those
carbamate­
crop
uses
that
accounted
for
at
least
95%
of
the
total
carbamate
usage
in
the
scenario
area.
Details
of
the
methods
used
to
collect
the
usage
data
can
be
found
in
Appendix
II.
D.
4.

PRZM
is
a
field­
scale
model,
while
the
cumulative
water
assessment
focuses
on
watershed­
scale
impacts
(
i.
e.,
the
contributions
of
multiple
carbamate
uses
on
multiple
crops
occurring
in
multiple
fields
in
a
watershed).
The
Agency
used
PRZM
to
model
multiple
fields
in
a
watershed,
adjusting
the
estimated
exposure
concentrations
for
each
carbamate­
crop
use
in
the
watershed
by
an
adjustment
factor
that
reflects
the
potential
area
treated
(
Figure
II.
D.
6.2).

This
cumulative
adjustment
factor
(
CAF)
followed
a
three
step
process:


The
carbamate­
crop
combination
was
modeled
with
PRZM/
EXAMS,
using
the
region­
specific
usage,
application
timing,
soil,
site,
and
weather
data.
The
result
is
a
time­
series
of
daily
pesticide
concentrations
in
a
reservoir
spanning
a
30­
year
period.


Each
daily
concentration
is
adjusted
by
the
fraction
of
the
watershed
that
is
in
the
crop
being
modeled.
This
is
done
by
dividing
the
acres
of
crop
grown
in
the
multi­
county
region
by
the
total
acres
in
that
region
(
percent
crop
area).


The
daily
concentrations
are
then
adjusted
by
the
fraction
of
acres
of
the
crop
treated
by
the
particular
carbamate.
This
is
done
by
dividing
the
acres
of
crop
treated
by
the
total
crop
acres
in
the
multi­
county
region
(
percent
crop
treated).
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
4
of
120
II.
D.
6.
2­
Conceptual
model
for
surface
water
sources
of
drinking
water
illustrating
how
multiple
carbamate
uses
are
proportioned
in
the
watershed.

Modeled
Watershed
Land
use
in
watershed
Carbamate
use
In
watershed
The
adjustments
to
the
estimated
daily
concentrations
for
each
NMC­
crop
combination
are
shown
in
the
following
equation:

[
C­
adj](
NMC1,
CROPa)
=
[
C­
init](
NMC1,
CROPa)
x
RegCA(
CROPa)
x
FractTrt(
NMC1,
CROPa)

x
RPF(
NMC1)

where
[
C­
adj](
NMC1,
CROPa)
is
the
adjusted
concentration
for
NMC1
on
CROPa
(
a
concentration
is
estimated
for
each
day
over
the
30­
year
period)
[
C­
init](
NMC1,
CROPa)
is
the
initial
(
unadjusted)
concentration
for
NMC1
on
CROPa
(
a
concentration
is
estimated
for
each
day
over
the
30­
year
period)
RegCA(
CROPa)
is
the
regional
percent
crop
area,
expressed
as
a
fraction
=
(
Acres
of
crop
planted
/
ttl
acres
ag
crops)
x
regional
PCA
FracTrt(
NMC1,
CROPa)
is
the
percent
of
CROPa
acres
treated
with
NMC1
RPF(
NMC1)
is
the
relative
potency
factor
for
NMC1
The
resulting
adjusted
concentrations
for
each
crop­
carbamate
combination
are
summed
across
each
day
to
provide
a
cumulative
daily
time
series,
in
oxamyl
equivalents,
over
30
years.

The
temporal
component
of
co­
occurrence
of
NMC
pesticide
residues
in
surface
water
sources
of
drinking
water
is
addressed
by
modeling
pesticide
applications
within
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
5
of
120
the
most
likely
window
of
application
for
each
crop
in
each
region.
Appendix
II.
D.
4
describes
the
methods
used
to
estimate
the
windows
of
application.
The
Agency
systematically
selected
the
beginning
of
the
most
active
window
for
the
initial
application
date
of
each
carbamate.
Where
multiple
applications
were
identified,
the
Agency
spread
those
evenly
over
the
most
active
window.

C.
Regional
NMC
Drinking
Water
Exposure
Estimates
From
Surface
Water
Sources
The
Agency
estimated
drinking
water
concentrations
for
individual
carbamate
pesticides
and
for
the
cumulative
carbamate
load
for
each
of
the
regional
surface
water
scenario
sites
shown
in
Figure
II.
D.
6.1.
Table
II.
D.
6.1
gives
the
cropcarbamate
combinations
modeled
for
each
region,
along
with
the
application­
related
inputs
for
each
combination.
More
detailed
usage
information
used
for
the
application
parameters
can
be
found
in
Appendix
II.
D.
4.
Chemical­
specific
model
inputs
are
described
in
Appendix
II.
D.
5.
Documentation
of
the
scenario
inputs
are
provided
in
Section
II.
D.
6.
D.

Table
IID.
6.1.
Regional
crop­
carbamate
combinations
and
application­
related
inputs
used
in
the
surface
water
exposure
assessment.

Crop/
Use
Chemical
PRZM
scenario
App.
Rate,
kg/
ha
App
Date
No
Apps
/
Interv.
(
da)
(+)
Pct
Ac
Trt
CA
M
Spray
Drift
Southeast/
NC
(
Regional
PCA
=
0.61;
NMC­
use
PCA
=
0.40)
Cotton
Aldicarb
NCcottonC
0.81
(
0.12*)
1­
May
1
0.43
1
0
[
gran]
Cotton
Carbaryl
NCcottonC
0.83
1­
Jun
1
0.00
2
0.055
Peanut
Aldicarb
NCpeanutC
1.20
(
0.18*)
10­
Apr
1
0.62
1
0
[
gran]
Peanut
Carbaryl
NCpeanutC
0.63
30­
May
1
0.01
2
0.055
Peanut
Oxamyl
NCpeanutC
1.39
30­
May
1
0.02
2
0.055
Peanut
Methomyl
NCpeanutC
0.42
30­
May
1
0.03
2
0.055
Cucumber
Carbaryl
NCcucumbCRA
1.11
27­
Apr
3
/
14
0.07
2
0.055
Tobacco
Aldicarb
NCtobaccoC
1.82
(
0.27*)
30­
Apr
1
0.01
1
0
[
gran]
Tobacco
Carbaryl
NCtobaccoC
1.21
30­
Apr
3
/
36
0.01
2
0.055
Tobacco
Carbofuran
NCtobaccoC
4.44
30­
Apr
2
/
53
0.00
2
0.055
Tobacco
Methomyl
NCtobaccoC
0.39
30­
Apr
1
0.03
2
0.055
Southeast/
GA
(
Regional
PCA
=
0.61;
NMC­
use
PCA
=
0.21)
Cotton
Aldicarb
NCCotton
/
GA
met
file
0.65
(
0.10*)
1­
May
1
0.22
1
0
[
gran]
Peanut
Aldicarb
NCpeanutC
w/
GA
met
file
1.10
(
0.16*)
10­
Apr
1
0.34
1
0
[
gran]
Pecans
Aldicarb
GAPecanC
3.22
(
0.48*)
1­
May
1
0.01
1
0
[
gran]
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
6
of
120
Table
IID.
6.1.
Regional
crop­
carbamate
combinations
and
application­
related
inputs
used
in
the
surface
water
exposure
assessment.

Crop/
Use
Chemical
PRZM
scenario
App.
Rate,
kg/
ha
App
Date
No
Apps
/
Interv.
(
da)
(+)
Pct
Ac
Trt
CA
M
Spray
Drift
Pecans
Carbaryl
GAPecanC
2.04
1­
Aug
2
/
25
0.08
2
0.055
Florida
/
Central
(
Regional
PCA
=
0.28;
NMC­
use
PCA
=
0.11)
Oranges
Aldicarb
FLCitrusC
4.27
(
0.64*)
1­
Apr
2
/
121
0.08
1
0
[
gran]
Oranges
Carbaryl
FLcitrusC
3.93
1­
Mar
2
/
46
0.01
2
0.055
Oranges
Oxamyl
FLCitrusC
1.07
1­
Apr
3
/
61
0.01
2
0.055
Grapefruit
Aldicarb
FLCitrusC
4.32
(
0.65*)
1­
Apr
2
/
121
0.07
1
0
[
gran]
Grapefruit
Carbaryl
FLCitrusC
3.47
1­
Mar
1
0.03
2
0.055
Florida
/
South
(
Regional
PCA
=
0.28;
NMC­
use
PCA
=
0.21)
Sugarcane
Carbofuran
FLsugarcaneC
0.80
20­
Jun
1
0.02
2
0.055
Sweet
Corn
Methomyl
FLsweetcornC
0.39
1­
Apr
8
0.40
2
0.055
Sweet
Corn
Carbofuran
FLsweetcornC
1.11
1­
Aug
1
0.07
2
0.055
Sweet
Corn
Thiodicarb
FLsweetcornC
0.64
1­
Apr
4
/
60,
168,
22
0.23
2
0.055
Sweet
Corn
Methomyl
from
Thiodi.
FLsweetcornC
0.52
3­
Apr
4
/
60,
168,
22
0.23
2
0
Pepper
Methomyl
FLpepperC
0.69
1­
Apr
6
/
12
0.16
2
0.055
Pepper
Oxamyl
FLpepperC
0.57
1­
Mar
6
/
20
0.15
2
0.055
Oranges
Aldicarb
FLCitrusC
4.27
(
0.64*)
1­
Apr
2
/
121
0.14
1
0
[
gran]
Oranges
Carbaryl
FLcitrusC
3.93
1­
Mar
2
/
46
0.01
2
0.055
Grapefruit
Aldicarb
FLCitrusC
4.32
(
0.65*)
1­
Apr
2
/
121
0.09
1
0
[
gran]
Grapefruit
Carbaryl
FLcitrusC
3.47
1­
Mar
1
0.07
2
0.055
Cucumber
Oxamyl
FLcucumberC
0.61
30­
Jan
2
/
245
0.50
2
0.055
Cucumber
Carbofuran
FLcucumberC
1.33
20­
Oct
1
0.31
2
0.055
Cucumber
Methomyl
FLcucumberC
0.64
15­
Apr
5
/
12
0.21
2
0.055
Midsouth
/
LA
(
Regional
PCA
=
0.81;
NMC­
use
PCA
=
0.50)
Cotton
Aldicarb
MScottonC
0.59
(
0.09)
1­
May
1
0.25
1
0
[
gran]
Cotton
Carbofuran
MScottonC
0.49
24­
Jun
1
0.03
2
0.055
Cotton
Oxamyl
MScottonC
0.21
4­
May
1
0.02
2
0.055
Cotton
Thiodicarb
MScottonC
0.59
1­
Jun
2
/
106
0.01
2
0.055
Cotton
Methomyl
from
Thiodi.
MScottonC
0.47
3­
Jun
2
/
106
0.01
2
0
Corn
Carbofuran
MScornC
0.94
31­
Mar
1
0.02
2
0.055
Sorghum
Carbofuran
MScornC
0.56
20­
Apr
1
0.01
2
0.055
Lower
Midwest
/
TX
(
Regional
PCA
=
0.42;
NMC­
use
PCA
=
0.20)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
7
of
120
Table
IID.
6.1.
Regional
crop­
carbamate
combinations
and
application­
related
inputs
used
in
the
surface
water
exposure
assessment.

Crop/
Use
Chemical
PRZM
scenario
App.
Rate,
kg/
ha
App
Date
No
Apps
/
Interv.
(
da)
(+)
Pct
Ac
Trt
CA
M
Spray
Drift
Grapefruit
Aldicarb
STXgrapeftCRA
5.21
(
0.78*)
2­
Jan
1
0.73
1
0
[
gran]
Grapefruit
Formetanate
STXgrapeftCRA
1.02
20­
Apr
1
0.35
2
0.0089
Cotton
Aldicarb
STXcottonCRA
0.54
(
0.08)
10­
Mar
1
0.19
1
0
[
gran]
Cotton
Oxamyl
STXcottonCRA
0.26
15­
Mar
2
/
69
0.19
2
0.055
Cotton
Carbofuran
STXcottonCRA
0.61
28­
May
1
0.09
2
0.055
Carrots
Oxamyl
STXvegetblCRA
1.39
10­
Aug
2
/
79
0.91
2
0.0049
Onions
Oxamyl
STXvegetblCRA
0.53
1­
Oct
2
/
31
0.27
2
0.0049
Onions
Methomyl
STXvegetblCRA
0.54
16­
Mar
3
/
213,
76
0.33
2
0.0049
Cucumber
Oxamyl
STXmelonCRA
0.73
1­
Feb
2
/
151
0.31
2
0.0049
Cucumber
Methomyl
STXmelonCRA
0.52
15­
Apr
3
/
20
0.34
2
0.055
Cantaloupe
Oxamyl
STXmelonCRA
1.95
15­
Feb
1
0.23
2
0.0049
Spinach
Methomyl
STXvegetblCRA
0.50
30­
Sep
2
/
83
0.86
2
0.0049
Watermelon
Oxamyl
STXmelonCRA
0.57
15­
Jan
1
0.25
2
0.0049
Peppers
Oxamyl
STXvegetblCRA
1.11
1­
Jan
2
/
182
0.77
2
0.0049
Corn
Carbofuran
STXcornCRA
0.89
16­
Mar
2
/
26
0.08
2
0.0049
North/
northcentral
/
PA
(
Regional
PCA
=
0.42;
NMC­
use
PCA
=
0.16)
Alfalfa
Carbofuran
PAalfalfaC
0.67
9­
Mar
1
0.03
2
0.055
Apples
Methomyl
PAappleC
0.44
30­
May
3
/
26
0.26
2
0.0087
Apples
Oxamyl
PAappleC
0.67
20­
Apr
1
0.03
2
0.0087
Apples
Formetanate
PAappleC
0.94
24­
Apr
1
0.01
2
0.0087
Apples
Carbaryl
PAappleC
1.24
20­
Apr
2
/
66
0.17
2
0.0087
Corn
Carbofuran
PAcornC
0.99
10­
May
1
0.01
2
0.055
Peaches
Methomyl
PAappleC
0.47
15­
Apr
3
/
48
0.09
2
0.0087
Peaches
Carbaryl
PAappleC
1.47
15­
Jun
3
/
36
0.10
2
0.0087
Potatoes
Methomyl
PAvegetblCRA
0.50
15­
Jun
5
/
21
0.04
2
0.055
Pumpkin
Carbofuran
PAvegetblCRA
0.90
15­
Jun
1
0.25
1
0.0049
Sweet
Corn
Methomyl
PAcornC
0.42
15­
Jul
5
/
15
0.34
2
0.055
Sweet
Corn
Carbofuran
PAcornC
1.11
25­
Apr
1
0.08
1
0.0049
Sweet
Corn
Carbaryl
PAcornC
1.09
15­
Jun
3
/
31
0.07
2
0.055
Sweet
Corn
Thiodicarb
PAcornC
0.64
15­
Jul
3
/
38
0.05
2
0.055
Sweet
Corn
Methomyl
from
Thiodi.
PAcornC
0.51
17­
Jul
3
/
38
0.05
2
0
North/
northcentral
/
IL
(
Regional
PCA
=
0.87;
NMC­
use
PCA
=
0.45)
Alfalfa
Carbofuran
ILalfalfaCRA
0.79
15­
Apr
1
0.01
2
0.055
Beans,
Lima
Methomyl
ILbeanCRA
1.17
15­
Jun
1
0.13
2
0.055
Corn
Carbaryl
ILCornC
1.11
15­
May
1
0.00
2
0.055
Corn
Carbofuran
ILCornC
0.74
20­
Jun
1
0.00
2
0.055
Sweet
Corn
Carbaryl
ILCornC
1.66
15­
Jul
3
/
21
0.06
2
0.055
Sweet
Corn
Carbofuran
ILCornC
0.39
1­
May
1
0.06
2
0.0049
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
8
of
120
Table
IID.
6.1.
Regional
crop­
carbamate
combinations
and
application­
related
inputs
used
in
the
surface
water
exposure
assessment.

Crop/
Use
Chemical
PRZM
scenario
App.
Rate,
kg/
ha
App
Date
No
Apps
/
Interv.
(
da)
(+)
Pct
Ac
Trt
CA
M
Spray
Drift
Northern
Great
Plains
/
MN­
ND
(
Regional
PCA
=
0.83;
NMC­
use
PCA
=
0.52)
Potatoes
Aldicarb
MNpotatoCRA
2.55
(
0.38*)
15­
May
1
0.02
1
0
[
gran]
Potatoes
Carbofuran
MNpotatoCRA
0.89
13­
May
2
/
32
0.01
2
0.0049
Potatoes
Oxamyl
MNpotatoCRA
0.67
30­
May
2
/
46
0.01
2
0.055
Sugar
Beets
Aldicarb
MNsugarbeetC
1.67
(
0.25*)
30­
Apr
1
0.01
1
0
[
gran]
Sugar
Beets
Carbofuran
MNsugarbeetC
1.11
1­
Jun
1
0.01
2
0.0049
Wheat
Carbaryl
NDwheatC
0.89
1­
Jun
1
0.02
2
0.055
Northwest
/
WA
(
Regional
PCA
=
0.42;
NMC­
use
PCA
=
0.23)
Apples
Carbaryl
WAorchardCRA
1.35
15­
Apr
2
/
69
0.42
2
0.0087
Apples
Formetanate
WAorchardCRA
1.08
31­
Mar
1
0.05
2
0.0087
Beans,
Lima
Methomyl
WAbeansCRA
1.00
30­
May
2
/
61
0.43
2
0.055
Dry
Beans/
Peas
Aldicarb
WAbeansCRA
1.33
(
0.20*)
1­
Apr
1
0.17
1
0
[
gran]
Carrots
Oxamyl
WAbeansCRA
1.09
1­
Apr
4
/
19
0.09
2
0.055
Cherries
Carbaryl
WAorchardCRA
2.03
20­
May
2
/
41
0.50
2
0.0087
Onions
Oxamyl
WAonionsCRA
1.07
15­
Mar
2
/
92
0.37
2
0.055
Potatoes
Aldicarb
WApotatoCRA
3.21
(
0.48*)
15­
May
1
0.36
1
0
[
gran]
Potatoes
Carbofuran
WApotatoCRA
0.74
10­
Apr
2
/
36
0.07
2
0.055
Potatoes
Oxamyl
WApotatoCRA
1.16
10­
Apr
3
/
50,
69
0.02
2
0.055
Sweet
Corn
Methomyl
WAswcornCRA
0.49
30­
Jun
7
/
13
0.01
2
0.055
Southeast
/
CA
(
Regional
PCA
=
0.56;
NMC­
use
PCA
=
0.33)
Alfalfa
Carbofuran
CAalfalfa0C
0.67
18­
Feb
1
0.06
2
0.055
Alfalfa
Methomyl
CAalfalfa0C
0.33
15­
Jun
1
0.01
2
0.055
Asparagus
Methomyl
CAtomato0C
0.91
30­
Jun
1
0.36
2
0.055
Broccoli
Methomyl
CAbroccCVcra
0.63
1­
Aug
2
/
45
0.11
2
0.055
Cantaloupe
Carbaryl
CAtomato0C
0.86
9­
Apr
1
0.17
2
0.055
Cantaloupe
Methomyl
CAtomato0C
0.69
1­
Jul
2
/
38
0.36
2
0.055
Cantaloupe
Oxamyl
CAtomato0C
1.05
19­
Apr
1
0.16
2
0.055
Carrots
Methomyl
CAcarrotCra
0.63
15­
Aug
2
/
20
0.04
2
0.055
Cotton
Aldicarb
CAcotton0C
1.26
(
0.19*)
15­
Apr
1
0.30
1
0
[
gran]
Cotton
Carbaryl
CAcotton0C
0.55
4­
Apr
1
0.01
2
0.055
Cotton
Carbofuran
CAcotton0C
0.54
14­
Aug
2
/
19
0.05
2
0.055
Cotton
Oxamyl
CAcotton0C
0.73
1­
Jun
1
0.13
2
0.055
Dry
Beans/
Peas
Aldicarb
CAtomato0C
1.06
(
0.16*)
20­
Apr
1
0.03
1
0
[
gran]
Garlic
Methomyl
CAgarlic0Cra
0.50
29­
Apr
3
/
7
0.05
2
0.055
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
9
of
120
Table
IID.
6.1.
Regional
crop­
carbamate
combinations
and
application­
related
inputs
used
in
the
surface
water
exposure
assessment.

Crop/
Use
Chemical
PRZM
scenario
App.
Rate,
kg/
ha
App
Date
No
Apps
/
Interv.
(
da)
(+)
Pct
Ac
Trt
CA
M
Spray
Drift
Garlic
Oxamyl
CAgarlic0Cra
2.22
24­
Mar
1
0.14
2
0.055
Grapefruit
Formetanate
CAcitrus0C
1.25
26­
Apr
2
/
4
0.06
2
0.0087
Grapes
Carbofuran
CAgrapesC
3.11
1­
May
1
0.00
2
0.0087
Grapes,
Table
Methomyl
CAgrapesC
0.83
1­
May
1
0.17
2
0.0087
Lemons
Formetanate
CAcitrus0C
1.17
1­
May
2
/
4
0.03
2
0.0087
Lettuce
Methomyl
CAbroccCVcra
0.77
15­
Jun
2
/
84
0.73
2
0.055
Nectarine
Carbaryl
CAfruit0C
3.55
19­
May
1
0.04
2
0.0087
Nectarine
Formetanate
CAfruit0C
0.78
18­
Feb
1
0.46
2
0.0087
Nectarine
Methomyl
CAfruit0C
0.83
20­
Feb
2
/
81
0.12
2
0.0087
Onions
Methomyl
CAonion0C
0.80
11­
May
2
/
35
0.04
2
0.0087
Oranges
Carbaryl
CAcitrus0C
4.89
17­
May
1
0.03
2
0.0087
Oranges
Formetanate
CAcitrus0C
1.14
22­
Apr
1
0.06
2
0.0087
Oranges
Methomyl
CAcitrus0C
0.67
20­
Apr
1
0.01
2
0.0087
Oranges
Oxamyl
CAcitrus0C
0.56
3­
Feb
4
/
13,
101,
80
0.00
2
0.0087
Peaches
Carbaryl
CAfruit0C
4.46
15­
May
2
/
56
0.05
2
0.0087
Peaches
Formetanate
CAfruit0C
0.88
6­
Mar
1
0.05
2
0.0087
Peaches
Methomyl
CAfruit0C
0.74
10­
Apr
1
0.02
2
0.0087
Peaches
Oxamyl
CAfruit0C
2.22
3­
Jan
2
/
21
0.00
2
0.0087
Pistachios
Carbaryl
4.44
5­
Feb
1
0.03
2
0.0087
Plum/
Prune
Carbaryl
CAfruit0C
3.30
13­
Jan
1
0.03
2
0.0087
Plum/
Prune
Formetanate
CAfruit0C
1.28
1­
Mar
1
0.01
2
0.0087
Potatoes
Aldicarb
CAtomato0C
3.33
(
0.50*)
7­
May
1
0.10
1
0
[
gran]
Potatoes
Methomyl
CAtomato0C
0.79
7­
May
2
/
26
0.09
2
0.055
Sugar
Beets
Methomyl
CAsugarbeet0C
0.58
15­
Jun
1
0.54
2
0.055
Tangerine
Formetanate
CAcitrus0C
0.90
24­
Apr
1
0.14
2
0.055
Tomatoes
Methomyl
CAtomato0C
0.77
15­
May
2
/
69
0.40
2
0.055
Tomatoes
Oxamyl
CAtomato0C
0.66
20­
Apr
1
0.01
2
0.055
Watermelon
Methomyl
CAtomato0C
0.69
10­
Jun
2
/
41
0.22
2
0.055
+
For
multiple
applications,
intervals
are
uniform
between
applications
except
where
varying
intervals
are
indicated.
*
Because
of
irregularities
in
the
way
PRZM
models
banded
in­
furrow
applications,
OPP
assumed
15%
of
applied
aldicarb
was
available
in
the
upper
4­
cm
of
the
soil
for
runoff,
reducing
the
application
rate
accordingly.

Table
II.
D.
6.2
summarizes
the
NMC
cumulative
residue
distributions
estimated
for
each
regional
exposure
site.
The
regional
surface
water
distributions
with
the
highest
peak
NMC
cumulative
loads
occurred
in
the
southeastern
part
of
the
United
States,
where
high
carbamate
use,
particularly
aldicarb,
and
high
rainfall
drove
the
transport
of
NMC
residues
into
surface
water
sources
of
drinking
water.
The
North
Carolina
site,
which
represents
vulnerable
surface
water
sources
in
the
southeastern
coastal
plain,
had
the
highest
peak
cumulative
concentrations
of
any
of
the
regional
surface
water
sites.
Aldicarb,
which
has
the
highest
relative
potency
of
the
NMC
pesticides,
tended
to
be
the
major
contributor
in
most
of
the
regional
surface
water
exposures.
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
10
of
120
Table
IID.
6.2.
Percentile
concentrations
for
estimated
N­
methyl
carbamate
cumulative
distributions
in
the
surface
water
scenario
sites.

Percentile
concentration
in
ug/
L
(
oxamyl
equivalents)
Region/
Site
Max
99th
95th
90th
75th
50th
Major
contributor
Southeast
/
NC
4.2
0.92
0.20
0.079
0.0047
<
0.0001
Aldicarb
Southeast
/
GA
1.2
0.30
0.072
0.019
0.001
<
0.0001
Aldicarb
Florida
/
Central
1.5
0.24
0.040
0.014
0.0021
0.0004
Aldicarb
Florida
/
South
1.0
0.23
0.11
0.061
0.021
0.0067
Carbofuran,
methomyl,
oxamyl
Midsouth
/
LA
2.3
0.46
0.10
0.041
0.0093
0.0009
Aldicarb
Lower
Midwest
/
TX
0.72
0.27
0.11
0.068
0.028
0.0087
Carbofuran,
aldicarb,
oxamyl
Southwest
/
CA
0.30
0.11
0.045
0.026
0.011
0.0053
Aldicarb,
methomyl
Northwest
/
WA
0.18
0.056
0.014
0.0086
0.0048
0.0011
Aldicarb,
carbofuran,
methomyl,
oxamyl
North/
N
central
/
IL
0.13
0.046
0.017
0.0095
0.0026
0.0004
Carbofuran
North/
N
central
/
PA
0.10
0.032
0.012
0.0066
0.0021
0.0006
Carbofuran
Northern
Great
Plains/
MN­
ND
0.017
0.0079
0.0032
0.002
0.0006
0.0001
Aldicarb,
carbofuran,
carbaryl
Figure
II.
D.
6.3
illustrates
the
year­
to­
year
variability
(
over
30
years
of
model
simulation)
in
predicted
cumulative
carbamate
concentrations
in
surface
water
sources
of
drinking
water
in
selected
regions.
For
the
exposure
assessment,
pesticide
usage
(
amount,
frequency,
timing)
was
held
constant
so
the
variations
reflect
the
range
in
variability
in
pesticide
concentrations
based
on
weather
patterns
over
time.
The
peak
concentrations
in
any
year
tend
to
be
short­
lived
and
reflect
the
intensity
and
timing
of
runoff
events
in
relation
to
the
time
of
application.

II.
D.
6.
3
­
Estimated
cumulative
carbamate
distribution
in
surface
water
over
30
years
at
five
regional
scenario
sites:
Southeast/
North
Carolina
(
pink),
Southeast/
Georgia
(
yellow),
Florida/
south
(
light
blue),
Florida/
central
(
purple),
Mid­
south/
Louisiana
(
dark
blue).
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
11
of
120
Estimated
peak
concentrations
of
the
individual
carbamate
pesticides
in
each
of
the
regional
surface
water
scenario
sites
were
in
the
sub­
parts
per
billion
range,
except
for
aldicarb,
which
had
estimated
peaks
as
high
as
a
single
part
per
billion
in
the
northeast
NC
site
(
Table
II.
D.
6.3).

Table
II.
D.
6.3.
Estimated
concentration
percentiles,
in
mg/
L
(
ppm),
of
individual
NMC
pesticides
in
each
region.
Aldicarb
Carbaryl
Carbofuran
Formetanate
HCl
Methomyl
Oxamyl
Thiodicarb
Southeast
/
NC
Crops
cotton,
peanut,
tobacco
cotton,
peanut,

cucumber
tobacco
tobacco
peanut,
tobacco
peanut
Maximum
1.48E­
03
3.82E­
05
2.30E­
06
2.50E­
05
2.32E­
04
99th
%
ile
3.34E­
04
1.57E­
05
6.12E­
07
3.83E­
06
8.47E­
06
95th
%
ile
7.06E­
05
6.57E­
06
2.36E­
07
1.11E­
06
1.69E­
06
90th
%
ile
2.56E­
05
4.42E­
06
1.37E­
07
3.82E­
07
3.42E­
07
80th
%
ile
4.01E­
06
2.36E­
06
8.03E­
08
9.19E­
08
1.14E­
08
75th
%
ile
1.32E­
06
1.78E­
06
6.37E­
08
3.56E­
08
1.75E­
09
50th
%
ile
1.31E­
08
5.04E­
07
8.99E­
09
1.88E­
10
1.38E­
13
Southeast
/
GA
Crops
cotton,
peanut,
pecan
pecan
Maximum
4.28E­
04
5.22E­
05
99th
%
ile
9.82E­
05
1.18E­
05
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
12
of
120
Table
II.
D.
6.3.
Estimated
concentration
percentiles,
in
mg/
L
(
ppm),
of
individual
NMC
pesticides
in
each
region.
Aldicarb
Carbaryl
Carbofuran
Formetanate
HCl
Methomyl
Oxamyl
Thiodicarb
95th
%
ile
2.20E­
05
3.83E­
06
90th
%
ile
5.93E­
06
1.89E­
06
80th
%
ile
5.31E­
07
2.98E­
07
75th
%
ile
1.41E­
07
1.08E­
07
50th
%
ile
9.18E­
10
9.75E­
09
Florida
/
South
Crops
oranges,
grapefruit
oranges,
grapefruit
sugarcane
sweet
corn,
cucumber
sweet
corn,
pepper,
cucumber
pepper,
oranges,
cucumber
sweet
corn
Maximum
2.37E­
05
1.16E­
05
8.23E­
04
6.27E­
04
1.41E­
04
5.90E­
05
99th
%
ile
4.57E­
06
2.37E­
06
1.83E­
04
1.75E­
04
2.14E­
05
6.96E­
06
95th
%
ile
8.23E­
07
6.66E­
07
8.04E­
05
7.79E­
05
5.69E­
06
2.91E­
06
90th
%
ile
2.35E­
07
3.17E­
07
4.04E­
05
4.16E­
05
2.61E­
06
1.26E­
06
80th
%
ile
3.69E­
08
8.65E­
08
1.17E­
05
1.57E­
05
1.08E­
06
2.12E­
07
75th
%
ile
1.69E­
08
3.84E­
08
7.31E­
06
9.86E­
06
8.04E­
07
7.86E­
08
50th
%
ile
3.73E­
10
1.10E­
09
9.59E­
07
1.66E­
06
1.31E­
07
7.58E­
11
Florida
/
Central
Crops
oranges,
grapefruit
oranges,
grapefruit
oranges
Maximum
5.27E­
04
1.14E­
04
5.40E­
05
99th
%
ile
8.06E­
05
2.62E­
05
7.56E­
06
95th
%
ile
1.33E­
05
8.70E­
06
2.02E­
06
90th
%
ile
4.20E­
06
5.18E­
06
9.95E­
07
80th
%
ile
7.37E­
07
1.71E­
06
4.21E­
07
75th
%
ile
3.91E­
07
8.76E­
07
2.56E­
07
50th
%
ile
3.54E­
08
2.03E­
08
7.80E­
09
Mid­
South
/
LA
Crops
Cotton
cotton,
corn,
sorghum
degr
of
thiodicarb
(
cotton)
cotton
cotton
Maximum
8.11E­
04
3.32E­
04
3.41E­
04
1.94E­
04
7.53E­
05
99th
%
ile
1.62E­
04
1.53E­
04
4.80E­
05
1.43E­
05
2.86E­
06
95th
%
ile
1.71E­
05
7.18E­
05
8.57E­
06
1.39E­
06
6.68E­
07
90th
%
ile
3.67E­
06
3.91E­
05
3.15E­
06
3.11E­
07
1.14E­
07
80th
%
ile
1.98E­
07
1.72E­
05
7.72E­
07
7.94E­
09
5.57E­
09
75th
%
ile
4.70E­
08
1.28E­
05
4.19E­
07
1.00E­
09
1.32E­
09
50th
%
ile
3.53E­
10
2.29E­
06
2.59E­
08
3.47E­
14
1.38E­
12
North­
Northcentral
/
PA
Crops
apple,
peach,
sweet
corn
alfalfa,
corn,
pumpkin,
sweet
corn
apple
apple,
peach,
potato,
sweet
corn
apple
sweet
corn
Maximum
2.36E­
05
6.91E­
05
7.59E­
07
7.03E­
05
3.30E­
06
2.58E­
07
99th
%
ile
3.33E­
06
2.28E­
05
8.84E­
08
1.57E­
05
1.43E­
07
1.18E­
07
95th
%
ile
1.06E­
06
8.58E­
06
1.92E­
08
5.66E­
06
2.86E­
08
4.89E­
08
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
13
of
120
Table
II.
D.
6.3.
Estimated
concentration
percentiles,
in
mg/
L
(
ppm),
of
individual
NMC
pesticides
in
each
region.
Aldicarb
Carbaryl
Carbofuran
Formetanate
HCl
Methomyl
Oxamyl
Thiodicarb
90th
%
ile
6.33E­
07
4.64E­
06
8.60E­
09
3.36E­
06
6.42E­
09
1.80E­
08
80th
%
ile
3.54E­
07
1.93E­
06
9.49E­
10
1.68E­
06
2.09E­
10
2.45E­
09
75th
%
ile
2.71E­
07
1.39E­
06
3.35E­
10
1.29E­
06
3.46E­
11
9.78E­
10
50th
%
ile
1.85E­
08
1.94E­
07
1.92E­
11
4.44E­
07
4.53E­
15
5.85E­
12
North­
NorthCentral
/
IL
Crops
corn,
sweet
corn
alfalfa,
corn,
sweet
corn
lima
beans
Maximum
4.44E­
05
1.08E­
04
1.74E­
05
99th
%
ile
9.68E­
06
3.82E­
05
2.49E­
06
95th
%
ile
2.52E­
06
1.42E­
05
5.06E­
07
90th
%
ile
1.45E­
06
7.72E­
06
1.73E­
07
80th
%
ile
6.16E­
07
2.90E­
06
8.52E­
09
75th
%
ile
4.49E­
07
1.98E­
06
2.33E­
09
50th
%
ile
3.87E­
08
3.10E­
07
1.48E­
10
Lower
Midwest
/
TX
Crops
Grapefruit,
cotton
Cotton,
corn
Grapefruit
Onions,

cucumber
spinach
Cotton,
carrots,
onions,

cucumber
cantaloupe
watermelon
peppers
Maximum
8.71E­
03
1.06E­
02
2.81E­
03
1.68E­
03
5.27E­
03
99th
%
ile
2.11E­
03
5.08E­
03
5.74E­
04
2.56E­
04
1.82E­
03
95th
%
ile
5.82E­
04
2.17E­
03
7.27E­
05
1.02E­
04
5.87E­
04
90th
%
ile
2.31E­
04
1.29E­
03
2.36E­
05
5.28E­
05
2.82E­
04
80th
%
ile
4.30E­
05
6.40E­
04
2.42E­
06
2.18E­
05
1.13E­
04
75th
%
ile
1.62E­
05
4.67E­
04
6.86E­
07
1.47E­
05
8.05E­
05
50th
%
ile
3.55E­
08
5.94E­
05
8.66E­
09
2.19E­
06
1.55E­
05
Southwest
/
CA
Central
Valley
Crops
Cotton,
potatoes,
beans/
peas
Cotton,
citrus,
grapes,
melons,
stone
fruit
Alfalfa,
cotton,
grapes
Citrus,
stone
fruit
Alfalfa,
asparagus,
carrots,
cole
crops,
garlic,
grapes,
lettuce,
melons,
onions,
stone
fruit,
potatoes,
sugar
beets,
tomatoes
Cotton,
garlic,
melon,
oranges,
peaches,
tomatoes
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
14
of
120
Table
II.
D.
6.3.
Estimated
concentration
percentiles,
in
mg/
L
(
ppm),
of
individual
NMC
pesticides
in
each
region.
Aldicarb
Carbaryl
Carbofuran
Formetanate
HCl
Methomyl
Oxamyl
Thiodicarb
Maximum
8.29E­
05
1.68E­
05
7.88E­
05
2.77E­
05
4.15E­
04
2.41E­
05
99th
%
ile
1.86E­
05
5.27E­
06
3.62E­
05
3.58E­
06
8.03E­
05
1.18E­
05
95th
%
ile
1.37E­
06
2.32E­
06
1.77E­
05
5.94E­
07
3.13E­
05
4.70E­
06
90th
%
ile
3.73E­
07
1.23E­
06
1.05E­
05
3.74E­
07
1.57E­
05
2.21E­
06
80th
%
ile
7.10E­
08
5.26E­
07
6.06E­
06
1.50E­
07
7.30E­
06
8.04E­
07
75th
%
ile
4.29E­
08
3.87E­
07
5.13E­
06
9.49E­
08
5.26E­
06
5.28E­
07
50th
%
ile
4.64E­
09
7.63E­
08
2.75E­
06
6.12E­
09
1.84E­
06
1.23E­
07
25th
%
ile
2.87E­
10
3.89E­
09
1.07E­
06
1.23E­
10
5.03E­
07
1.95E­
08
10th
%
ile
3.70E­
12
1.78E­
09
4.35E­
07
1.71E­
11
1.97E­
07
3.36E­
09
Minimum
4.86E­
15
7.76E­
10
6.70E­
08
2.63E­
12
1.08E­
08
1.47E­
12
Surface
water
exposure
in
each
of
the
regions
reflects
a
distinct
seasonal
pattern,
with
greatest
exposure
coming
during
the
dominant
pesticide
use
season.
Figure
II.
D.
6.4
illustrates
this
pattern
for
the
Southeast
Region
(
North
Carolina),
with
the
greatest
exposures
from
drinking
water
occurring
in
late
spring
and
summer
(
May­
July),
dropping
to
negligible
levels
during
the
rest
of
the
year.
In
contrast,
the
cumulative
ground
water
exposures
showed
a
less­
pronounced
seasonal
trend,
with
estimated
exposures
remaining
at
elevated
concentrations
for
prolonged
periods.
Similar
pattern
occur
in
each
of
the
regions.

Figure
II.
D.
6,4
 
Seasonal
pattern
in
estimated
concentrations
of
carbamates
in
the
Southeast
/
North
Carolina
exposure
site.
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
15
of
120
D.
Southeast
Region
Scenario
Documentation
1.
North
Carolina
Cotton
(
NCcottonC)

The
field
used
to
represent
cotton
production
in
North
Carolina
is
located
in
the
Piedmont/
Coastal
Plain.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
North
Carolina
is
ranked
5th
among
the
major
cotton
producing
states
in
the
U.
S.
Most
cotton
is
grown
in
the
coastal
plain
region
and
approximately
3
percent
in
the
Piedmont.
Cotton
is
planted
in
the
early
Spring
(
mid­
April)
and
harvested
beginning
in
October.
Continuous
cotton
is
practice
is
much
of
the
region
and
cotton
is
gradually
replacing
land
once
cultivated
in
tobacco.
Row
spacing
is
generally
38­
inches
with
3­
4
plants
per
foot
row.
Row
canopies
tend
to
be
very
close
to
100
percent,
while
the
canopy
between
rows
is
much
less.
All
cotton
is
defoliated
in
North
Carolina
prior
to
harvesting.
Conventional
tillage
is
the
dominant
practice,
but,
conservation
tillage,
no­
till
and
strip­
till
practices
are
gaining
in
popularity
in
the
region.
The
crop
is
rarely
grown
under
irrigation,
approximately
5
percent.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
Boswell
fine
sandy
loam.
Boswell
fine
sandy
loam
is
a
fine,
mixed,
active,
thermic
Vertic
Paleudalfs.
Very
little
of
the
soil
is
in
cotton
and
most
remains
in
woodland
or
pasture.
Boswell
fine
sandy
loam
is
a
deep,
moderately
well
drained,
moderate
to
rapid
runoff,
very
slowly
permeable
soils
formed
in
marine
fluviatile
deposits
of
acid
clayey
sediments.
These
soils
have
a
high
shrink­
swell
potential.
They
are
located
on
nearly
level
to
steep
uplands
of
the
Southern
Coastal
Plain.
Slopes
are
generally
between
1
to
17
percent.
The
soils
are
of
large
extent
in
the
Southern
Coastal
Plain
region.
Boswell
fine
sandy
loam
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
D
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Coastal
Plain,
North
Carolina
­
Cotton
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Raleigh,
NC
(
W13722)

Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Raleigh,
NC
(
W13722)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.75
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.15
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
15.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.34
tons
EI­
1*
FARM
Manual,
Table
3.1
(
EPA,
1985)

USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
1.3
Haan
and
Barfield,
1978.

USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.00
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
16
of
120
PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Coastal
Plain,
North
Carolina
­
Cotton
Parameter
Value
Source
Slope
(
SLP)
6%
Selected
according
to
QA/
QC
Guidance
(
EPA,
2001)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Set
to
default
for
fallow
surface
prior
to
planting
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
­
Raleigh,
NC
(
W13722)
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.2
PRZM
Table
5.4
(
EPA,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
60
cm
PRZM
Input
Collator;
(
Burns,
1992);
PRZM
Table
5.9
(
EPA,
1998)
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
98
PRZM
Input
Collator,
PIC
(
Burns,
1992)

Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Residues
left
on
field
until
following
year
or
cover
crop
is
planted.
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
01/
06
Usual
Planting
and
Harvest
Dates
for
US
Field
Crops
(
USDA,
1984)

Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
01/
08
Usual
Planting
and
Harvest
Dates
for
US
Field
Crops
(
USDA,
1984)

Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
01/
11
Usual
Planting
and
Harvest
Dates
for
US
Field
Crops
(
USDA,
1984)

Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
92,
89,
90
Gleams
Manual
Table;
Fallow
SR/
CT/
poor,
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crop
SR/
CT/
poor
condition
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.014
RUSLE
Project,
PB8CTCTC,
actually
for
Columbia,
SC
cotton,
conv
till
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.228
­
0.748
RUSLE
Project;
PB8CTCTC,
actually
for
Columbia,
SC
cotton,
conv
till
(
USDA,
2000)
Soil
Parameters:
Boswell
series
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
(
Top
horizon
split
in
two)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
88
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
17
of
120
PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Coastal
Plain,
North
Carolina
­
Cotton
Parameter
Value
Source
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.8
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
1.7
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.213
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
0.354
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.213
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
0.354
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.063
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.213
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
2.32%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.29%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

2.
North
Carolina
Peanuts
(
NCpeanutC)

The
field
used
to
represent
peanut
production
in
North
Carolina
is
located
in
Eastern
Pitt
County
in
the
Coastal
Plain.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
North
Carolina
is
ranked
3rd
among
the
major
peanut
producing
states
in
the
U.
S.,
accounting
for
approximately
10
percent
of
the
total
U.
S.
crop.
Peanuts
are
produced
mainly
on
the
northeastern
coastal
plain
and
a
small
amount
is
produced
in
the
southeastern
region.
The
crop
is
generally
planted
in
the
Spring
(
mid­
April
to
early
May)
and
harvested
beginning
in
September.
Crop
rotation
is
the
most
important
cultural
practice,
with
a
long
rotation
(
3
years)
followed
by
two
years
of
a
grass­
type
crop
being
among
the
most
effective
management
practices
for
nematode,
diseases,
and
weed
control.
Most
plantings
occurs
on
raised
beds.
Row
spacing
is
generally
30
to
48
inches.
Conventional
tillage
is
practiced
in
the
region,
but
strip­
tillage
and
no­
tillage
practices
are
becoming
more
popular.
The
crop
is
rarely
grown
under
irrigation,
approximately
10
percent.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
Craven
silt
loam.
Craven
silt
loam
is
a
fine,
mixed,
subactive,
thermic
Aquic
Hapludults.
Approximately
one­
half
of
the
series
is
used
for
the
production
of
row
crops
such
as
corn,
tobacco,
cotton,
small
grain,
peanuts
and
pasture.
Craven
silt
loam
is
a
deep,
moderately
well
drained,
medium
to
rapid
runoff,
slowly
permeable
soils
formed
in
clayey
Pleistocene
sediments.
They
are
located
on
nearly
level
to
sloping
Coastal
Plain
Uplands.
Slopes
are
generally
between
0
to
12
percent.
The
soils
are
extensive
throughout
the
Coastal
Plain
region.
Craven
silt
loam
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Coastal
Plain,
North
Carolina
 
Tobacco
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
18
of
120
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Raleigh,
NC
(
W13722)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Raleigh,
NC
(
W13722)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.75
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.15
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
15.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.24
tons
EI­
1*
FARM
Manual,
Table
3.1
(
EPA,
1985)

USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
1.34
Haan
and
Barfield,
1978.

USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.00
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
4
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
6%
Selected
according
to
QA/
QC
Guidance
(
EPA,
2001)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
3
American
Peanut
Council
http://
peanutsusa.
com/
what/
growing.
html
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
­
Raleigh,
NC
(
W13722)
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.1
PRZM
Table
5.4
(
EPA,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
45
cm
PRZM
Input
Collator;
(
Burns,
1992);
PRZM
Table
5.9
(
EPA,
1998)
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
80
PRZM
Input
Collator,
PIC
(
Burns,
1992)

Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
American
Peanut
Council
http://
peanutsusa.
com/
what/
growing.
html
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
11/
04
Usual
Planting
and
Harvest
Dates
for
US
Field
Crops
(
USDA,
1984)

Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
28/
08
Usual
Planting
and
Harvest
Dates
for
US
Field
Crops
(
USDA,
1984)

Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
12/
09
Usual
Planting
and
Harvest
Dates
for
US
Field
Crops
(
USDA,
1984)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
19
of
120
PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Coastal
Plain,
North
Carolina
 
Tobacco
Parameter
Value
Source
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
89,
84,
86
Gleams
Manual
Table;
close
seeded
legume,
C
soil,
fallow
=
fallow
SR/
CT
poor;
cropping
and
residue
=
legumes
SR
poor
condition
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.014
RUSLE
Project,
PB9PRPRC_
runner
peanuts,
Augusta
GA
(
nearest
peanut)
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.047
­
0.668
RUSLE
Project;
PB9PRPRC_
runner
peanuts,
Augusta
GA
(
nearest
peanut)
(
USDA,
2000)
Soil
Parameters:
Craven
series
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
(
Top
horizon
split
in
two)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
88
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.8
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
1.7
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.213
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
0.354
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.213
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
0.354
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.063
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.213
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
2.32%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.29%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

3.
North
Carolina
Tobacco
(
NCtobaccoC)

The
field
used
to
represent
tobacco
(
flue­
cured)
production
in
North
Carolina
is
located
in
Pitt
and
Johnston
Counties,
in
Eastern
North
Carolina.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
North
Carolina
is
the
major
producer
of
tobacco
(
1st
overall)
in
the
U.
S.
Tobacco
is
grown
on
a
wide
variety
of
soils,
however,
maximum
yields
are
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
20
of
120
typically
seen
on
sandy
loam
soils
with
low
organic
matter
content.
In
addition,
tobacco
roots
do
not
tolerate
"
wet"
soils
for
prolong
periods
of
time.
Approximately
90
percent
of
the
crop
is
grown
in
two­
year
rotation.
Row
spacing
is
generally
from
40
to
48
inches.
Tobacco
is
transplanted
from
greenhouse
or
plastic­
covered
outdoor
plant
beds
in
early
spring
after
frost
pressures
(
mid­
April).
Flower
heads
are
removed
to
induce
growth
of
lateral
shoots.
Harvesting
is
done
in
stages
from
lowest
to
highest
leaves
on
the
plant
as
the
leaves
ripen.
Nearly
all
(
99
percent)
of
tobacco
is
grown
with
conventional
tillage.
No­
till
production
is
used
mostly
for
burley
tobacco
grown
in
western
North
Carolina.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
benchmark
soil,
Norfolk
loamy
sand.
Norfolk
loamy
sand
is
a
fine­
loamy,
kaolinitic,
thermic,
Typic
Kandiudults.
Most
of
these
soils
are
under
cultivation
in
corn,
cotton,
peanuts,
tobacco
and
soybeans.
Norfolk
loamy
sand
is
a
very
deep,
well
drained,
moderately
permeable
soil
with
slow
to
medium
runoff.
These
soils
formed
in
loamy
marine
sediments
of
the
Coastal
Plain.
They
are
found
on
level
to
gently
sloping
uplands
of
the
Coastal
Plain.
Slopes
range
from
0
to
10
percent.
The
series
is
of
large
extent
throughout
the
Coastal
Plan.
Norfolk
loamy
sand
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
B
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Coastal
Plain,
North
Carolina
 
Tobacco
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Raleigh,
NC
(
W13722)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Raleigh,
NC
(
W13722)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.75
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.15
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
15.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.17
tons
EI­
1*
GLEAMS
Table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.192
GLEAMS
Table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
0.5
PRZM
Table
5.6
value
for
contour
plowing
on
5%
slope
(
EPA,
1998)
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
5%
Selected
according
to
QA/
QC
Guidance
(
EPA,
2001)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Set
to
default
for
fallow
surface
prior
to
planting
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
21
of
120
PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Coastal
Plain,
North
Carolina
 
Tobacco
Parameter
Value
Source
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
­
Raleigh,
NC
(
W13722)
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.2
PRZM
Table
5.4
(
EPA,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
60
cm
PRZM
Table
5.9
(
EPA,
1998)

Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
80
NCSU
Crop
Profile
http://
ipmwww.
ncsu.
edu/
ncpmip/
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Residues
left
on
field
until
following
year
or
cover
crop
is
planted.
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
11/
04
PRZM
Table
5.9
and
NCSU
Crop
Profile
http://
ipmwww.
ncsu.
edu/
ncpmip/
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
07/
07
PRZM
Table
5.9
and
NCSU
Crop
Profile
http://
ipmwww.
ncsu.
edu/
ncpmip/

Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
16/
07
PRZM
Table
5.9
and
NCSU
Crop
Profile
http://
ipmwww.
ncsu.
edu/
ncpmip/
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
84,
79,
83
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Fallow
SR/
CT/
poor,
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crop
SR/
CT/
poor;
B
soil
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.014
RUSLE
Project,
PB6TBHGC;
Tobacco,
conventional
tillage;
Greensboro,
NC
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.071
­
0.500
RUSLE
Project;
PB6TBHGC;
Tobacco,
conventional
tillage;
Greensboro,
NC
(
USDA,
2000)
Soil
Parameters:
Norfolk
series
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
150
cm
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
4
(
Top
horizon
split
in
two)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
35
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
55
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
50
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.55
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
1.3
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1.1
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
22
of
120
PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Coastal
Plain,
North
Carolina
 
Tobacco
Parameter
Value
Source
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.199
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.406
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.396
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
5.0
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3,4)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.199
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.406cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.396
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.089
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.206
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.246
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
0.29%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.116
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.058%
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

4.
North
Carolina
Cucumbers
(
NCcucumbCRA)

This
scenario
has
been
developed
for
use
in
the
carbamate
cumulative
drinking
water
assessment
(
2005).
The
scenario
was
adapted
from
the
NC
Sweet
Potato
scenario,
which
is
located
in
the
same
area.
Soil
conditions
are
the
same;
crop­
specific
parameters
have
been
adjusted
to
reflect
cucumbers
rather
than
sweet
potatoes.

The
field
used
to
represent
cucumber
production
in
North
Carolina
is
located
in
the
Southern
Coastal
Plains
in
Nash
County.
Nash
County
has
~
6,400
acres
in
cucumber/
pickle
production,
the
highest
among
NC
counties
(
USDA
Ag
Census,
2002).
According
to
the
USDA
Crop
Profile
for
cucumbers
in
North
Carolina,
is
ranked
2nd
among
US
states
in
cucumber
production,
accounting
for
~
20%
of
pickling
cucumbers
(
27­
30,000
acres)
and
~
10%
of
slicing
cucumber
production
(
5­
8,000
acres)
in
1999
(
USDA
Crop
Profile,
Nov
1999;
http://
www.
ipmcenters.
org/
cropprofiles/
docs/
nccucumbers.
html
).
Most
of
the
cucumber
production
is
in
eastern
North
Carolina.
Cucumbers
are
adapted
to
a
wide
range
of
soils.
The
crop
is
grown
in
two
production
seasons
(
spring
and
summer),
with
the
average
time
from
seeding
to
first
harvest
of
36
to
45
days.
Used
April
15th
planting
date
to
reflect
the
spring
production
period.
This
date
is
based
on
BEAD
research
for
the
carbamate
cumulative
assessment
(
estimation
method
and
references
provided
for
the
carbamate
cumulative
document).
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
23
of
120
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
Craven
silt
loam.
Craven
silt
loam
is
a
fine,
mixed,
subactive,
thermic
Aquic
Hapludults.
Approximately
one­
half
of
the
series
is
used
for
the
production
of
row
crops
such
as
corn,
tobacco,
cotton,
small
grain,
peanuts
and
pasture.
Craven
silt
loam
is
a
deep,
moderately
well
drained,
medium
to
rapid
runoff,
slowly
permeable
soil
formed
in
clayey
Pleistocene
sediments.
They
are
located
on
nearly
level
to
sloping
Coastal
Plain
Uplands.
Slopes
are
generally
between
0
to
12
percent.
The
soils
are
extensive
throughout
the
Coastal
Plain
region.
Craven
silt
loam
is
a
benchmark
soil
and
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Nash
County,
North
Carolina
­
Cucumbers
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Raleigh,
NC
(
W13722)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Raleigh,
NC
(
W13722)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.75
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.15
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
15.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.42
tons
EI­
1*
FARM
Manual,
Table
3.1
(
EPA,
1985)

USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
1.34
Haan
and
Barfield,
1978.

USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.00
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
4
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
6%
Mid­
point
of
series
range
for
Craven
silt
loam
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2005)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Pickling
cucumbers
are
generally
planted
on
bare
ground;
slicing
cucumbers
are
produced
on
plastic
(
USDA
Crop
Profile,
1999)
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
­
Raleigh,
NC
(
W13722)
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
PRZM
Table
5.4
(
EPA,
1998)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
24
of
120
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Nash
County,
North
Carolina
­
Cucumbers
Parameter
Value
Source
Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
50
cm
D.
C.
Sanders,
NCSU
extension
hort
specialist.
On­
line
publication
on
vegetable
irrigation
characterizing
cucumber
as
shallow
(
12­
18
in)
to
moderate
(
18­
24
in)
rooting
depth
(
http://
www.
ces.
ncsu.
edu/
depts/
hort/
hil/
hil­
33­
e.
html)
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
80
Estimated
based
on
est
for
sweet
potatoes;
consistent
w/
range
for
vegetable
crops
(
70­
90%)
in
Table
A­
1
of
scenario
input
guidance
(
EPA,
2005)
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
residues
remain
on
field
until
winter
cover
crop
is
planted.

Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
27/
04
Based
on
planting
dates
of
4/
15­
5/
15
for
slicing
cucs,
4/
20­
5/
20
for
pickling
cucs
(
SE
Commercial
Vegetable
Guide,
2005),
estimated
emergence
1
week
after
planting
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
4/
06
Assumed
1
week
between
crop
maturity
and
harvest
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
11/
06
Added
45
days
from
planting
to
first
harvest,
based
on
USDA
Crop
Profile
for
NC
cucumber
(
http://
www.
ipmcenters.
org/
cropprofiles/
docs
/
nccucumbers.
html
)
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
89,
86,
87
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Fallow
SR/
CT/
poor,
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crop
SR/
CT/
poor
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.011
Pb6BGBGC
Green
Beans,
conventional
tillage,
Cover
Code
7
(
clean
tilled,
smooth
or
fallow),
Greensboro,
N.
C.
These
values
reordered
from
RUSLE
project
so
that
first
value
is
for
the
planting
date.
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.160
­
0.923
Pb6BGBGC
Green
Beans,
conventional
tillage,
Cover
Code
7
(
clean
tilled,
smooth
or
fallow),
Greensboro,
N.
C.
Soil
Parameters:
Craven
series
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
(
Top
horizon
split
in
two)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
12
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
78
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.45
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,2,3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
25
of
120
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Nash
County,
North
Carolina
­
Cucumbers
Parameter
Value
Source
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.194
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
0.321
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.194
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
0.321
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.074
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.201
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.16%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.174%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

5.
Georgia
Cotton
This
scenario
is
a
modification
of
the
North
Carolina
cotton
scenario.
All
of
the
crop
and
soil
input
parameters
are
the
same
as
that
used
for
the
NC
scenario.
Only
the
weather
station
and
weather­
related
parameters
were
changed.
For
this
scenario,
OPP
used
the
meteorological
file
for
Augusta,
GA
(
W3820),
which
was
the
closest
site
within
the
same
MLRA
to
the
GA
scenario
(
Burke
County,
GA).

6.
Georgia
Peanuts
This
scenario
is
a
modification
of
the
North
Carolina
peanut
scenario.
All
of
the
crop
and
soil
input
parameters
are
the
same
as
that
used
for
the
NC
scenario.
Only
the
weather
station
and
weather­
related
parameters
were
changed.
For
this
scenario,
OPP
used
the
meteorological
file
for
Augusta,
GA
(
W3820),
which
was
the
closest
site
within
the
same
MLRA
to
the
GA
scenario
(
Burke
County,
GA).

7.
Georgia
Pecans
The
field
used
to
represent
peach
production
in
Georgia
is
located
in
Mitchell
or
Dougherty
County
in
Southwest
Georgia
(
MLRA133)
and
the
weather
station
representing
the
orchard's
weather
is
located
in
Macon,
GA.
However,
for
the
carbamate
cumulative,
OPP
used
the
weather
station
for
Augusta,
GA,
which
was
closest
to
the
cumulative
exposure
site
(
in
the
adjacent
county).
Pecans
are
grown
throughout
the
southwestern
part
of
the
state.
Georgia
and
Texas
generally
compete
from
year
to
tear
for
status
as
the
top
U.
S.
producer.
As
such,
production
varies
significantly
from
year
to
year.
Trees
are
very
large,
growing
up
to
100
feet
tall
and
living
80
or
more
years,
although
production
declines
as
the
trees
reach
the
end
of
its
life
span.
Tree
are
initially
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
26
of
120
planted
at
a
rate
of
27
trees
per
acre
and
thinned
to
8
trees
per
acre
over
an
18­
20
year
period;
approximately
60
feet
by
60
feet
spacing.
Pollinizers
are
generally
planted
every
9th
or
11th
row
to
facilitate
adequate
pollination
and
increases
profitability
of
the
stand.
Pecan
trees
require
approximately
50
percent
foliar
canopy
for
optimal
light
penetration
and
crop
yield.
Proper
tree
density
also
allows
for
better
pesticide
application.
Pecan
trees
typically
produce
nuts
for
40
or
more
years.
Most
(
approximately
65
percent)
Georgia
pecans
are
irrigated
via
drip
irrigation
systems.
Soil
characteristics
have
a
significant
influences
on
tree
development,
fruit
bearing
capacity,
and
tree
life.
Pecan
trees
prefer
light
to
medium
textured
soils,
pH
5.5­
6.0,
but
can
grow
on
higher
clay
content
and
slightly
higher
pH
soils.
Soil
depth
should
be
several
feet
or
more
and
water
table
below
the
primary
root
zone.
Pecans
are
native
to
floodplains
and
river­
bottoms
having
inherently
high
water
requirements.
Maturity
is
reached
when
the
shuck
loosens
or
splits
from
the
shell
­
harvest
then
begins.
Pecans
are
harvested
with
trunk
or
limb
shakers
depending
on
tree
age.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
Williston
loamy
fine
sand.
Williston
loamy
fine
sand
is
a
fine,
mixed,
superactive,
hyperthermic
Typic
Hapludalfs.
Williston
loamy
fine
sand
loam
is
a
moderately
deep,
well
drained,
moderately
rapid
runoff,
moderately
slowly
permeable
soil
that
formed
in
moderately
thick
beds
of
clayey
marine
sediments
overlying
soft
limestone.
These
soil
are
generally
found
on
nearly
level
to
sloping
landscapes
in
the
Coastal
Plain.
Slopes
is
dominantly
less
than
5
percent
but
ranges
up
to
8
percent
on
hillsides.
The
soil
is
of
small
extent
in
the
Coastal
Plains
of
the
South.
Williston
loamy
fine
sand
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Mitchell
County,
Georgia
­
Pecans
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
 
Augusta,
GA
(
W3820)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
 
Augusta,
GA
(
W3820)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.75
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.15
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
ANETD)
25.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.42
tons
EI­
1*
FARM
Manual,
Table
3.1
(
EPA,
1985)

USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.35
tons
EI­
1*
Haan
and
Barfield,
1978.

USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.067
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
4
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
5%
Mid­
point
of
series
range
for
Williston
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2005)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
27
of
120
PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Mitchell
County,
Georgia
­
Pecans
Parameter
Value
Source
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
3
Residues
remain
in
field
between
tree
rows,
area
under
trees
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Augusta,
GA
(
W3820)

Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
PRZM
Table
5.4
(
EPA,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
100
cm
Set
to
soil
horizon
depth;
main
root
cluster
may
grow
in
excess
of
2
meters
deep.
Tap
root
will
grow
to
first
confining
layer.
http://
www.
uga.
edu/
fruit/
pecan.
htm
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
50
Based
or
optimal
light
penetration
and
yield.
http://
www.
uga.
edu/
fruit/
pecan.
htm
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Residues
remain
in
field
between
tree
rows,
area
under
trees.
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
21/
04
Estimated
date
of
canopy
leaf­
out;
http://
www.
uga.
edu/
fruit/
pecan.
htm
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
21/
09
Estimated
date
(
based
on
180­
220
day
required
growing
season)
for
fruit
maturity;
http://
www.
uga.
edu/
fruit/
pecan.
htm
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
01/
10
Estimated
date
of
harvesting;
http://
www.
uga.
edu/
fruit/
pecan.
htm
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
84,
79,
82
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Meadow,
conditions
good
for
Hydrologic
Soil
C;
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.07
RUSLE
EPA
Pesticide
Project;
Tb7WWSBC;
Savannah,
GA;
Winter
Wheat,
Cover
Code
3
(
residues),
Conventional
Tillage
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.021
­
0.259
RUSLE
EPA
Pesticide
Project;
Tb7WWSBC;
Savannah,
GA;
Winter
Wheat,
Cover
Code
3
(
residues),
Conventional
Tillage
(
USDA,
2000)
Soil
Parameters:
Craven
series
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
4
(
Top
horizon
split
in
two)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
20
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
16
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
54
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
28
of
120
PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Mitchell
County,
Georgia
­
Pecans
Parameter
Value
Source
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.45
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
1.7
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3,4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.149
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.245
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.332
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
5
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
4
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
6
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.149
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.245
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.332
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.069
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.125
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.192
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.16%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.174%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.116%
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
29
of
120
E.
Florida
Region
Scenario
Documentation
1.
Florida
Citrus
The
field
used
to
represent
citrus
production
in
Florida
is
located
in
Collier
or
Hendry
Counties
in
Southwest
Florida,
although
citrus
production
areas
cover
a
substantial
portion
of
the
state.
Citrus
production
has
been
moving
southward
in
an
attempt
to
avoid
frost
damage
that
has
occurred
in
recent
years.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
Florida
is
the
major
producer
of
citrus
(
oranges)
for
the
juice
market
and
among
the
highest
for
the
fresh
market.
Florida
is
also
among
the
highest
producers
in
other
citrus
(
grapefruit,
tangerines,
tangelos,
and
mandarins).
Citrus
is
generally
grown
in
double
rows
of
trees
(
beds)
with
swales
between
to
move
water
off
site.
Areas
under
and
between
rows
of
trees
are
generally
non­
cultivated/
non­
maintained
except
for
the
occasional
mowing.
Row
spacing
(
pairs
or
rows)
is
approximately
20
to
25
feet
(
paired
beds
may
be
less
than
20
feet)
and
between
tree
spacing
is
approximately
12
to
15
feet.
Row
canopies
tend
to
be
100
percent,
while
the
canopy
between
rows
is
less
to
permit
the
operation
of
maintenance
and
harvest
equipment.
Irrigation
is
mostly
by
low­
volume
drip
or
micro­
sprinkler
systems.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
Wabasso
fine
sand.
Wabasso
fine
sand,
is
a
sandy,
siliceous,
hyperthermic
Alfic
Alaquods.
These
soils
are
often
used
for
citrus
production
and
truck
crops.
Wabasso
fine
sand
is
a
deep
to
very
deep,
poorly
to
very
poorly
drained,
slow
to
ponded
runoff,
rapidly
permeable
in
the
top
horizon
and
slow
to
very
slowly
permeable
in
the
lower
horizons
soil
that
formed
in
sandy
and
loamy
marine
sediments.
These
soils
are
generally
found
on
flatwoods,
flood
plains,
and
depressions
and
have
slopes
of
0
to
2
percent.
The
soil
is
extensive
in
Florida.
Wabasso
fine
sand
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
D
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Collier
&
Hendry
Counties,
Florida
­
Citrus
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
 
West
Palm
Beach,
FL
(
W12844)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
 
West
Palm
Beach,
FL
(
W12844)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.78
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.0
cm
C­
1
Does
not
snow
in
Southern
Florida
such
that
accumulation
is
expected
Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
33.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.1
tons
EI­
1*
GLEAMS
Manual,
table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.093
GLEAMS
Manual,
table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.0
Assume
no
practice
under
trees.
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
30
of
120
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
4
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
1%
Mid­
point
of
soil
series
range
(
EPA,
2001)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Set
to
represent
fallow
field
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
West
Palm
Beach,
FL
(
W12844)
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
Maximum
recommended
value
for
orchards
(
EPA,
2001)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
100
cm
Set
to
maximum
of
soil
profile.
Trees
may
root
from
7­
18
feet
http://
edis.
ifas.
ufl.
edu
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
60
http://
edis.
ifas.
ufl.
edu
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Default,
material
under
trees
and
between
rows
is
generally
left
alone
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
15/
02
Date
represent
early
to
mid_
season
flower
bloom
for
various
varieties
of
citrus
http://
edis.
ifas.
ufl.
edu
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
15/
10
Date
represent
late
season
maturation
for
various
varieties
of
citrus
http://
edis.
ifas.
ufl.
edu
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
15/
12
Date
represents
late
season
harvest
http://
edis.
ifas.
ufl.
edu
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
87,
85,
86
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Meadows,
no
fallow
conditions
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.014
RUSLE
Project;
UC0CBCBC;
Citrus
bare
ground;
conventional
tillage;
Tampa,
FL
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.324
­
0.488
RUSLE
Project;
Variable
with
date,
UC0CBCBC;
Citrus
bare
ground;
conventional
tillage;
Tampa,
FL
(
USDA,
2000)
Wabasso
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
2
(
Base
horizons)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
90
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
31
of
120
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.45
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.75
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.066
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.178
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
5
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.066
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.178
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.036
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.078
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
2.32%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.29%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)

2.
Florida
Cucumber
The
field
used
to
represent
cucumber
(
vegetable)
production
in
Florida
is
located
in
Collier
and
Hendry
Counties
in
Southwest
Florida,
although
vegetable
production
areas
include
other
regions
of
Florida
such
as
the
Everglades
Agricultural
Area,
west­
central
and
south­
eastern
regions.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
Florida
is
a
major
producer
of
truck
crops
and
is
the
highest
producer
of
cucumbers.
Cucumbers
and
other
truck
crops
are
generally
grown
on
"
muck
soils,"
but
cucumbers
do
as
well
on
sandy
soils
which
require
less
cleaning
before
marketing.
All
cucumbers
are
planted
by
direct
seeding
in
Florida.
Typical
planting
distances
for
slicing
cucumbers
are
48
to
60
inches
between
rows
and
6
to
12
inches
between
plants.
Pickling
cucumbers
are
typically
planted
at
36
to
48
inches
between
rows
and
2
to
4
inches
between
plants.
When
grown
using
plastic
mulch,
slicing
cucumbers
are
planted
in
one
or
two
rows
per
bed,
with
10
to
18
inches
between
the
rows
on
the
bed,
48
to
72
inches
between
beds,
and
8
to
12
inches
between
holes
with
one
or
two
plants
per
hole.
Pickling
cucumbers
are
planted
at
a
distance
of
3
to
4
inches
between
plants.
At
the
closest
spacing,
the
plant
population
is
21,780
per
acre.
Seeds
are
planted
at
a
depth
of
0.5
to
0.75
inches.
Between
35
and
65
days
are
required
from
seeding
to
maturity
(
first
pick).
Cucumbers
in
Florida
are
produced
using
several
types
of
irrigation
systems.
In
mulched
production,
drip,
overhead,
and
seepage
irrigation
are
used.
By
raising
the
water
table,
seepage
irrigation
restricts
root
growth
to
the
bed
area.
Water
is
maintained
approximately
15
to
18
inches
below
the
soil
surface,
allowing
seepage
into
the
root
zone.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
Riviera
sand.
Riviera
sand
is
a
loamy,
siliceous,
active,
hyperthermic
Arenic
Glossaqualfs.
These
soils
are
often
used
for
truck
crop
and
citrus
production.
Riviera
sand
is
a
deep,
poorly
drained,
slow
runoff,
slowly
to
very
slowly
permeable
soil
that
formed
in
stratified
marine
sandy
and
loamy
sediments
on
the
Lower
Coastal
Plain.
These
soil
are
generally
found
on
broad,
low
flats
and
in
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
32
of
120
depressions
and
have
slopes
generally
less
than
2
percent.
The
soil
is
of
moderate
extent.
Riviera
sand
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Collier
&
Hendry
Counties,
Florida
­
Cucumber
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
West
Palm
Beach,
FL
(
W12844)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
West
Palm
Beach,
FL
(
W12844)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.78
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.0
cm
C­
1
No
appreciable
snow
accumulation
occurs
in
this
part
of
Florida
Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
33.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.03
tons
EI­
1*
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992)
and
FARM
Manual
(
EPA,
1985)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.2
Haan
and
Barfield,
1979
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.0
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
4
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
1%
Mid­
point
of
soil
series
range
(
EPA,
2001)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Field
are
fallow
prior
to
planting
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
­
West
Palm
Beach,
FL
(
W12844)
Maximum
rainfall
Interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.15
PIC;
confirmed
using
Table
5.4
from
PRZM
Manual
(
Burns,
1992
and
EPA,
1985)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
50
cm
Florida
Cucumber
Crop
Profile,
USDA
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
80
PIC
(
Burns,
1992)

Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Plant
residues
are
left
behind
until
later
in
the
year
when
tilled
for
next
series
of
crops;
rarely
cucumbers.
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
33
of
120
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
10/
10
Florida
Cucumber
Crop
Profile,
USDA
http://
pestdata.
ncsu.
edu/
cropprofiles/
cropprofiles.
cfm
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
05/
12
Florida
Cucumber
Crop
Profile,
USDA
http://
pestdata.
ncsu.
edu/
cropprofiles/
cropprofiles.
cfm
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
10/
12
Florida
Cucumber
Crop
Profile,
USDA
http://
pestdata.
ncsu.
edu/
cropprofiles/
cropprofiles.
cfm
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
91,
87,
88
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Fallow
=
SR
poor,
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crop
SR/
poor
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.011
RUSLE
Project;
UC0BGBGC;
Green
Beans,
conventional
tillage;
Tampa,
FL
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.162
­
0.938
RUSLE
Project;
UC0BGBGC;
Green
Beans,
conventional
tillage;
Tampa,
FL,
Variable
with
date
(
USDA,
2000)
Riviera
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
(
top
horizon
split
in
two)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
62
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
28
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.65
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
1.7
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.073
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.211
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.073
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.211
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.023
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.091
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.16%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.174%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)

Ed
Russell
(
USDA_
NRCS,
Fresno)

3.
Florida
Peppers
­
Bell
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
34
of
120
The
field
used
to
represent
pepper
(
bell
peppers)
production
in
Florida
is
located
in
Collier
and
Hendry
Counties
in
Southwest
Florida,
although
vegetable
production
areas
include
other
regions
of
Florida
such
as
the
Everglades
Agricultural
Area,
westcentral
and
south­
eastern
regions.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
Florida
is
a
major
producer
of
truck
crops
and
is
the
highest
producer
of
bell
peppers.
Peppers
and
other
truck
crops
are
generally
grown
on
"
muck
soils,"
but
peppers
do
as
well
on
sandy
soils
which
require
less
cleaning
before
marketing.
Peppers
(
bell
peppers)
are
planted
mainly
by
transplant,
but
some
direct
seeding
in
does
occur
in
Florida.
Typical
planting
distances
for
most
peppers
are
36
to
42
inches
between
rows
and
12
to
16
inches
between
plants
in
a
row.
When
grown
using
plastic
mulch,
which
is
a
common
practice
in
Florida,
planting
distances
change
very
little.
Peppers
are
generally
harvested
two
or
more
times
during
the
course
of
the
growing
season
and
in
Southern
Florida,
where
frost
pressures
are
minimal,
they
are
planted
and
harvested
throughout
the
year.
Peppers
in
Florida
are
produced
using
several
types
of
irrigation
systems.
In
mulched
production,
drip
irrigation
is
highly
recommended
because
of
less
water
use,
lower
weed
production,
and
some
evidence
of
increased
yields.
Various
forms
of
sprinkler
irrigation
may
also
be
used.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
Riviera
sand.
Riviera
sand
is
a
loamy,
siliceous,
active,
hyperthermic
Arenic
Glossaqualfs.
These
soils
are
often
used
for
truck
crop
and
citrus
production.
Riviera
sand
is
a
deep,
poorly
drained,
slow
runoff,
slowly
to
very
slowly
permeable
soil
that
formed
in
stratified
marine
sandy
and
loamy
sediments
on
the
Lower
Coastal
Plain.
These
soil
are
generally
found
on
broad,
low
flats
and
in
depressions
and
have
slopes
generally
less
than
2
percent.
The
soil
is
of
moderate
extent.
Riviera
sand
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Collier
and
Hendry
Counties,
Florida
­
Bell
Peppers
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
West
Palm
Beach,
FL
(
W12844)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
West
Palm
Beach,
FlL(
W12844)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.78
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.0
cm
C­
1
No
appreciable
snow
accumulation
occurs
in
this
part
of
Florida
Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
33.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.03
tons
EI­
1*
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992)
and
FARM
Manual
(
EPA,
1985)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.2
Haan
and
Barfield,
1979
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.0
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
4
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
35
of
120
Slope
(
SLP)
1%
Mid­
point
of
soil
series
range
(
EPA,
2001)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Field
are
fallow
prior
to
planting
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
­
West
Palm
Beach,
FL
(
W12844)
Maximum
rainfall
Interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.15
PIC;
confirmed
using
Table
5.4
from
PRZM
Manual
(
Burns,
1992
and
EPA,
1985)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
45
cm
http://
www.
ces.
uga.
edu/
pubcd/
b1027_
w.
html#
Tra
nsplant
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
70
Based
on
estimates
from
aerial
photography;
specific
to
peppers,
other
vegetable
crops
will
require
a
different
value
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Plant
residues
are
left
behind
until
later
in
the
year
when
tilled
for
next
series
of
crops
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
09/
01
Florida
Peppers
(
Bell)
Crop
Profile,
USDA,
http://
pestdata.
ncsu.
edu/
cropprofiles/
docs/
FLpepp
ers_
bell.
html
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
11/
15
http://
edis.
ifas.
ufl.
edu/
BODY_
CV130#
TABLE_
2
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
01/
12
Florida
Peppers
(
Bell)
Crop
Profile,
USDA,
http://
pestdata.
ncsu.
edu/
cropprofiles/
docs/
FLpepp
ers_
bell.
html
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
91,
87,
88
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Fallow
=
SR
poor,
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crop
SR/
poor
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.011
RUSLE
Project;
UC0BGBGC;
Green
Beans,
conventional
tillage;
Tampa,
FL
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.162
­
0.938
RUSLE
Project;
UC0BGBGC;
Green
Beans,
conventional
tillage;
Tampa,
FL,
Variable
with
date
(
USDA,
2000)
Riviera
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
(
Top
horizon
split
in
two)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
62
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
28
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.65
g

cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
1.7
g

cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)

Ed
Russell
(
USDA_
NRCS,
Fresno)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
36
of
120
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.073
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.211
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.073
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.211
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.023
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.091
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.16%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.174%
(
HORIZN
=
3)

4.
Florida
Sugarcane
The
field
used
to
represent
sugarcane
production
in
Florida
is
located
in
Hendry
County
in
Southwest
Florida,
although
sugarcane
production
areas
cover
an
area
extending
east
to
the
Everglades
Agricultural
Area.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
Florida
is
the
major
producer
(
yield)
of
sugarcane.
Most
sugarcane
is
grown
on
high
organic
"
muck"
soils;
approximately
10
percent
is
grown
on
mineral
soils.
Sugarcane
is
grown
on
laser­
leveled
fields
by
placing
short
seed
"
stalks"
horizontally
in
the
prepared
field.
Sugarcane
is
produced
in
a
three
to
four
year
cycle
with
the
first
year
planting
referred
to
as
the
"
plant
cane"
crop
and
successive
years
referred
to
as
"
stubble"
or
"
ratoon"
crops
which
are
harvested
from
regrowth.
Yields
diminish
with
each
successive
crop.
At
the
end
of
the
third
or
fourth
year,
sugarcane
is
rotated
to
another
crop
before
replanting.
Row
spacing
is
approximately
60
inches.
Irrigation,
when
needed,
may
be
accomplished
by
raising
the
ground
water
level
through
the
use
of
"
lateral"
drainage
systems
controlled
by
locks
and
spaced
from
100
feet
to
300
feet
apart.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
Wabasso
fine
sand.
Wabasso
fine
sand,
is
a
sandy,
siliceous,
hyperthermic
Alfic
Alaquods.
These
soils
are
used
for
sugarcane
production,
but
mainly
citrus
production
and
truck
crops.
Wabasso
fine
sand
is
a
deep
to
very
deep,
poorly
to
very
poorly
drained,
slow
to
ponded
runoff,
rapidly
permeable
in
the
top
horizon
and
slow
to
very
slowly
permeable
in
the
lower
horizons
soil
that
formed
in
sandy
and
loamy
marine
sediments.
These
soil
are
generally
found
on
flatwoods,
flood
plains,
and
depressions
and
have
slopes
of
0
to
2
percent.
The
soil
is
extensive
in
Florida.
Wabasso
fine
sand
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
D
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Hendry
County,
Florida
­
Sugarcane
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Miami,
FL
(
W12839)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Miami,
FL
(
W12839)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.78
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
37
of
120
Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.0
cm
C­
1
Does
not
snow
in
Southern
Florida
such
that
accumulation
is
expected
Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
33.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.1
tons
EI­
1*
GLEAMS
Manual,
table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.093
GLEAMS
Manual,
table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.0
Assume
no
practice
under
trees.

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
4
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
1%
Mid­
point
of
soil
series
range
(
EPA,
2001)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Set
to
represent
fallow
field
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
­
Miami,
FL
(
W12839)
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.1
Set
similar
to
LA
Sugarcane;
sugarcane
is
a
grass
PIC
(
Burns,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
100
cm
Set
to
maximum
of
soil
profile.
http://
edis.
ifas.
ufl.
edu
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100
Set
to
default
for
row
crops
(
EPA,
2001)

Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Default
for
sugarcane
while
under
3­
4
yr
cycle.
After
cycle,
rotate
to
new
crop..
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
01/
01
typically
planted
August
thru
January,
See
Sugarcane
Handbook
http://
edis.
ifas.
ufl.
edu/

Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
01/
06
typically
harvested
October
thru
March,
See
Sugarcane
Handbook
http://
edis.
ifas.
ufl.
edu/

Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
15/
12
dates
were
chosen
such
that
cycle
would
remain
in
a
single
calendar
year
and
still
remain
within
the
typical
range.
See
Sugarcane
Handbook
http://
edis.
ifas.
ufl.
edu/
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
38
of
120
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
94,
91,
92
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Fallow
=
SR/
poor;
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crop,
SR/
poor
condition
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.014
RUSLE
Project;
UC0SCSCC;
Sugarcane,
conventional
tillage,
Tampa
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.194
­
0.717
RUSLE
Project;
Variable
with
date,
UC0SCSCC;
Sugarcane,
conventional
tillage,
Tampa
(
USDA,
2000)
Wabasso
Soil
Parameters
Parameter
Value
Verification
Source
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
2
(
Base
horizons)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
90
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.45
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.75
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.066
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.178
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
5
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.066
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.178
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.036
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.078
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
2.32%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.29%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)

5.
Florida
Sweet
Corn
The
field
used
to
represent
sweet
corn
production
in
Florida
is
located
in
Palm
Beach
County
in
Southeast
Florida,
although
sweet
corn
production
occurs
throughout
Florida.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
Florida
is
the
major
producer
of
fresh
market
sweet
corn
in
the
U.
S.
Sweet
corn
is
extensively
grown
on
"
muck
soils"
(
approximately
75%).
Typical
planting
distances
are
30
inches
between
rows
and
6
to
8
inches
between
plants.
Sweet
corn
in
Florida
is
produced
using
several
types
of
irrigation
systems.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
Riviera
sand.
Riviera
sand
is
a
loamy,
siliceous,
active,
hyperthermic
Arenic
Glossaqualfs.
These
soils
are
often
used
for
truck
crop
(
including
sweet
corn)
and
citrus
production.
Riviera
sand
is
a
deep,
poorly
drained,
slow
runoff,
slowly
to
very
slowly
permeable
soil
that
formed
in
stratified
marine
sandy
and
loamy
sediments
on
the
Lower
Coastal
Plain.
These
soil
are
generally
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
39
of
120
found
on
broad,
low
flats
and
in
depressions
and
have
slopes
generally
less
than
2
percent.
The
soil
is
of
moderate
extent.
Riviera
sand
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Palm
Beach
County,
Florida
­
Sweet
Corn
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
West
Palm
Beach,
FL
(
W12844)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
West
Palm
Beach,
FL
(
W12844)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.78
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.0
cm
C­
1
No
appreciable
snow
accumulation
occurs
in
this
part
of
Florida
Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
33.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.03
tons
EI­
1*
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992)
and
FARM
Manual
(
EPA,
1985)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.2
Haan
and
Barfield,
1979
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.0
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)

NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
4
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)
Slope
(
SLP)
1%
Mid­
point
of
soil
series
range
(
EPA,
2001)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Field
are
fallow
prior
to
planting
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.15
PIC;
confirmed
using
Table
5.4
from
PRZM
Manual
(
Burns,
1992
and
EPA,
1985)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
100
cm
Set
to
profile
depth.
Roots
can
exceed
150
cm.

Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
90
PIC
(
Burns,
1992)

Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Plant
residues
are
left
behind
until
later
in
the
year
when
tilled
for
next
series
of
crops;
rarely
cucumbers.
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
15/
10
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
05/
01
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
15/
01
http://
ipmwww.
ncsu.
edu/
opmppiap/
subcrp.
htm
southern
sweet
corn
cultivation
cycle
is
generally
between
January
and
June;
Maturation
64_
90
days
from
seeding
to
harvest;
Harvest
occurs
over
a
period
of
weeks
to
several
months.
Values
set
to
cover
rainy
season
Oct
_
Feb.
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
40
of
120
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
91,
87,
88
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Fallow
=
SR/
poor;
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crop,
SR/
poor
condition
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.011
RUSLE
Project;
UC0BGBGC;
Green
Beans,
conventional
tillage;
Tampa,
FL
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.162
­
0.938
RUSLE
Project;
Variable
with
date,
UC0BGBGC;
Green
Beans,
conventional
tillage;
Tampa,
FL
(
USDA,
2000)
Riviera
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
(
Top
horizon
split
in
two)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
62
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
28
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.65
g

cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
1.7
g

cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.073
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.211
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.073
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.211
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.023
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.091
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.16%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.174%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)

Ed
Russell
(
USDA_
NRCS,
Fresno)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
41
of
120
F.
Mid­
South
Region
Scenario
Documentation
1.
Mississippi
Cotton
(
MScottonC)

The
field
used
to
represent
cotton
production
in
Mississippi
is
located
in
Yazoo
County.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
Mississippi
is
ranked
4th
in
production
and
acreage
of
cotton
in
the
U.
S.
The
crop
is
generally
planted
in
Spring
(
late
April)
and
harvested
beginning
in
September.
Row
spacing
is
generally
38­
inches
with
3­
4
plants
per
foot
row.
Row
canopies
tend
to
be
very
close
to
100
percent,
while
the
canopy
between
rows
is
much
less.
The
crop
may
be
grown
under
irrigation
by
furrow
or
canal
systems.
Most
crops
are
planted
by
stale
seedbed,
no­
till,
or
conventional
methods.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
Loring
silt
loam.
Loring
silt
loam
is
a
finesilty
mixed,
active,
thermic,
Qxyaquic
Fragiudalfs.
Nearly
all
soils
are
cleared
and
used
to
grow
cotton,
small
grains,
soybeans,
hay
and
pasture.
Loring
silt
loam
is
a
moderately
well
drained
with
a
fragipan,
medium
to
rapid
runoff,
moderate
permeability
above
the
fragipan
and
moderately
slowly
permeable
in
the
fragipan
soils
formed
in
loess.
They
are
located
on
level
to
strongly
sloping
uplands
and
stream
terraces.
Slopes
are
generally
between
0
to
20
percent.
The
soils
are
extensive
in
the
lower
Mississippi
drainage
basin.
Loring
silt
loam
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Yazoo
County,
Mississippi
­
Cotton
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
 
Jackson,
MS
(
W03940)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
 
Jackson,
MS
(
W03940)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.76
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.15
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Pan
Factor
Flag
(
IPEIND)
2
PAN
Evaporation
data
read
from
file
Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.49
tons
EI­
1*
EXPRES;
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.3
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.4
EXPRES;
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.5
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
0.75
EXPRES;
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.6
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
6%
Selected
according
to
QA/
QC
Guidance
(
EPA,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
42
of
120
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992)

Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
 
Jackson,
MS
(
W03940)
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.2
EXPRES;
PRZM
manual
Table
5.4
(
EPA,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
125
cm
EXPRES;
Value
developed
from
field
specific
data.
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
98
EXPRES;
Value
developed
from
field
specific
data.
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992)

Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
01/
05
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
07/
09
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
22/
09
EXPRES
and
verified
with
Usual
Planting
and
Harvest
Dates
for
US
Field
Crops
(
USDA,
1984)

Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
99,
93,
32
EXPRES;
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.10_
5.14
and
Fig.
5.4;
Field
specific
data.
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.014
RUSLE
Project,
PA6CTCTC:
Cotton,
conventional
tillage,
Holly
Springs,
MS
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.223
­
0.718
RUSLE
Project;
PA6CTCTC:
Cotton,
conventional
tillage,
Holly
Springs,
MS
(
USDA,
2000)
Loring
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
155
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
6
PIC
(
Burns,
1992)
Confirmed
with:
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
13
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
23
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
33
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
30
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
23
cm
(
HORIZN
=
5)
33
cm
(
HORIZN
=
6)
PIC
(
Burns,
1992)
Confirmed
with:
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
43
of
120
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.4
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,2,3)
1.45
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
4)
1.49
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
5)
1.51
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
6)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.385
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.370
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2,3)
0.340
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
0.335
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
5)
0.343
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
6)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.0
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
11
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
23
cm
(
HORIZN
=
5)
33
cm
(
HORIZN
=
6)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.385
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.370
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2,3)
0.340
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
0.335
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
5)
0.343
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
6)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.151
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.146
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2,3)
0.125
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
0.137
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
5)
0.147
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
6)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.28%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.49%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.16%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.12%
(
HORIZN
=
4)
0.07%
(
HORIZN
=
5)
0.06%
(
HORIZN
=
6)

2.
Mississippi
Corn
(
MScornC)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
44
of
120
The
field
used
to
represent
corn
production
in
Mississippi
is
located
in
the
Southern
Mississippi
Valley
Uplands.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
Mississippi
is
not
a
major
corn
producing
state
in
the
U.
S.
(
not
among
the
top
20
states)
with
approximately
600,000
acres
in
production.
The
crop
is
generally
planted
in
the
early
Spring
(
April)
and
harvested
beginning
in
August.
Continuous
corn
is
practice
is
much
of
the
region,
however,
rotation
with
other
crops
such
as
soybean
is
the
practiced
as
well.
Most
of
the
corn
is
planted
for
feed
grain.
Planting
depth
and
row
spacing
(
generally
30
inches)
follows
general
practices
for
the
U.
S.
Conventional
tillage
dominates
with
more
than
50
percent
of
the
practice,
followed
by
conservation
tillage,
no_
tillage,
and
ridge
tillage.
The
crop
is
rarely
grown
under
irrigation.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
benchmark
soil,
Grenada
silt
loam.
Grenada
silt
loam
is
a
finesilty
mixed,
active,
thermic
Oxyaquic
Fraglossudalfs.
Most
of
the
soil
is
used
for
the
production
of
row
crops
such
as
corn,
cotton,
and
soybeans,
the
principal
crops.
Grenada
silt
loam
is
a
very
deep,
moderately
well
drained,
medium
to
slow
runoff,
moderately
permeable
above
a
fragipan
and
slow
in
the
fragipan
soil.
The
fragipan
is
at
a
depth
of
about
two
feet.
The
soils
formed
in
loess.
They
are
located
on
uplands
and
stream
terraces
of
low
relief
in
the
Southern
Mississippi
Valley
Silty
Uplands.
Slopes
are
generally
between
0
to
8
percent,
but
may
range
to
12
percent.
The
soils
are
extensive
throughout
the
region.
Grenada
silt
loam
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Southern
Mississippi
Valley
Uplands,
Mississippi
­
Corn
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
 
Jackson,
MS
(
W03940)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
 
Jackson,
MS
(
W03940)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.75
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.25
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
25.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.43
tons
EI­
1*
GLEAMS
Table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.221
GLEAMS
Table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.00
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
4
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
6%
Mid­
point
of
series
range.
Selected
according
to
QA/
QC
Guidance
(
EPA,
2001)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
45
of
120
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992)

Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
 
Jackson,
MS
(
W03940)
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
PRZM
Table
5.4
(
EPA,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
90
cm
PRZM
Input
Collator;
(
Burns,
1992);
PRZM
Table
5.9
(
EPA,
1998)
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992);
Set
to
default
for
most
row
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
PRZM
Input
Collator,
PIC
(
Burns,
1992)

Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
11/
04
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
22/
08
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
02/
09
Usual
Planting
and
Harvest
Dates
for
US
Field
Crops
(
USDA,
1984)

Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
91,
87,
88
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Fallow
=
SR/
poor,
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crop,
SR/
Poor
condition
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.014
RUSLE
Project,
OA6CGSBC;
Corn,
grain,
conventional
tillage,
Natchez,
MS
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.024
­
0.848
RUSLE
Project;
OA6CGSBC;
Corn,
grain,
conventional
tillage,
Natchez,
MS
(
USDA,
2000)
Grenada
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
4
(
3
Base,
Top
horizon
split
in
two)
PIC
(
Burns,
1992)
Confirmed
with:
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
44
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
8
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
38
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.7
g

cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
1.8
g

cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3,4)
PIC
(
Burns,
1992)
Confirmed
with:
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
46
of
120
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.309
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
0.304
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.216
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3,4)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.309
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
0.304
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.216
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.109
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.104
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.116
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.16%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.174%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.116%
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
47
of
120
G.
Lower
Midwest
Region
Scenario
Documentation
1.
South
Texas
Grapefruit
(
STXgrapefrtCRA)

The
field
used
to
represent
grapefruit
production
in
South
Texas
is
representative
of
a
field
in
Hildago
and
Cameron
counties,
located
in
the
Lower
Rio
Grande
Valley
region.
The
meteorological
file,
Brownsville,
TX,
represents
the
MLRA
region
83D.
In
2004,
Texas
ranked
second
behind
Florida
in
acres
producing
Grapefruit.
Texas
contained
16
percent
of
the
total
acres
of
grapefruit
production
(
USDA
2004).
Grapefruit
trees
are
planted
in
rows
24­
25
feet
apart.
Crops
are
irrigated
(
Texas
A&
M
2002)
and
pruned
to
maintain
a
height
of
approximately
15
feet.
In
the
Lower
Rio
Grande
Valley
region
of
Texas,
grapefruit
trees
bloom
from
March
10­
20.
Fruit
matures
between
October
and
December
and
is
harvested
from
October
to
May
(
Personal
communication
2004).
The
soil
in
Hidalgo
and
Cameron
counties
is
alluvial,
being
derived
from
the
Rio
Grande
(
USDA
1997).
Thus
there
is
no
dominant
soil
type
(
range
of
coverages:
0.1­
13.2%).
In
the
Lower
Rio
Grande
Valley
region,
several
soil
types
support
citrus
production
(
Brennan,
Delfinia,
Hidalgo,
Willacy)
(
Texas
A&
M
2002).
For
this
scenario,
Hidalgo
sandy
clay
loam
was
selected
as
a
representative
soil
type
because
it
has
significant
yields
of
citrus
and
was
recommended
by
an
extension
agent
as
being
the
most
commonly
associated
soil
with
citrus
(
Personal
communication
2004).
Hidalgo
sandy
clay
loam
is
a
hydrologic
group
B
soil
that
is
classified
as
fine­
loamy,
mixed,
active,
hyperthermic
typic
calciustolls.
The
Hidalgo
series
of
soils
is
deep,
well
drained,
moderately
permeable
and
formed
in
calcareous
loamy
sediments.
These
soils
occur
on
nearly
level
to
gently
sloping
uplands
with
slopes
of
0­
5
percent.
This
soil
type
occurs
on
the
Rio
Grande
Plain
of
Texas
and
Mexico
(
possibly).
This
soil
is
mostly
used
for
irrigated
crop
production
including
cotton,
grain
sorghum,
vegetables,
sugar
cane
and
citrus
(
USDA1997).

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Hidalgo/
Cameron
Counties,
Texas
­
Grapefruit
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Brownsville,
Cameron
County,
Texas:
W12919
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Brownsville,
Cameron
County,
Texas:
W12919
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.69
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
32.5
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.32
tons
EI­
1*
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
48
of
120
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.37
Based
on
slope
taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
,
PRZM
manual
length
400
m,
2.5%
slope
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1
contour
plowing
is
not
common
due
to
0­
5%
slope
(
consulted
with
extension
agent)
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA
2004)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
2.5%
From
http://
soils.
usda.
gov/
official
soil
series
description
(
slope
range
=
0­
5%)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
356
(
pond)
464
(
reservoir)
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA
2004)

Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA
2004)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
3
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.

Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
cm
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
243.8
cm
Consulted
extension
agent
(
Max
rooting
depth
=
5
­
8
ft)
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
75%
Consulted
extension
agent
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998),
3
=
residue
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
16/
3/
61
Consulted
extension
agent
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
1/
11/
61
Consulted
extension
agent
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
49
of
120
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
1/
2/
61
Consulted
extension
agent
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
67,
74,
78
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
(
Hydrological
soil
B)
meadow
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
.014
.
RUSLE
Project,
TX
Galveston,
Citrus,
(
T95CBCBC)

USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
.374
.385
.383
.391
.407
.422
.423
.437
.458
.456
.464
.475
.442
.424
.434
.439
.442
.325
.340
.352
.363
.371
.378
.384
.389
.362
RUSLE
Project,
TX
Galveston,
Citrus,
(
T95CBCBC)

Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
160
cm
http://
soils.
usda.
gov/
(
63
inches)

Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
4
(
top
HORIZN
split
in
2)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
21
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
25
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
104
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.5g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.5
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.325
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1.35
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.30
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1­
4)
Field
Capacity
values,
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.30
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)

Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.18
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.2%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.2%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.45%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.18%
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/);
Adjusted
using
the
relationship
%
OC
=
0.6
x
%
Organic
Matter
(
Doucette
2000)

2.
South
Texas
Cotton
(
STXcottonCRA)

The
field
used
to
represent
cotton
production
in
South
Texas
is
representative
of
a
field
in
Hildago
and
Cameron
counties,
located
in
the
Lower
Rio
Grande
Valley
region.
The
meteorological
file,
Brownsville,
TX,
represents
the
MLRA
region
83D.
Texas
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
50
of
120
ranks
first
in
production
of
cotton
in
the
U.
S.
Cotton
is
the
leading
cash
crop
in
Texas
with
a
total
economic
impact
of
5.2
billion
dollars
in
the
state
(
NSF
1999).
Agricultural
methods
(
irrigation,
planting
times,
cotton
types,
harvesting
methods)
vary
significantly
from
region
to
region.
The
Northern
High
Plains
grows
approximately
64
percent
of
Texas
corn
with
3
percent
being
grown
in
the
Lower
Rio
Grande
Valley
region.
In
the
Lower
Rio
Grande
Valley
region
of
Texas,
cotton
is
planted
between
February
and
March.
Corn
is
generally
irrigated.
Cotton
is
harvested
in
Texas
between
August
and
December
(
NSF
1999).
The
soil
in
Hildago
and
Cameron
counties
is
alluvial,
being
derived
from
the
Rio
Grande
(
USDA
1997).
Thus
there
is
no
dominant
soil
type
(
range
of
coverages:
0.1­
13.2%).
For
this
scenario,
Harlingen
Clay
was
selected
as
a
representative
soil
type
because
it
has
significant
yields
of
cotton
and
has
the
largest
percent
coverage
of
a
hydrologic
group
C
or
D
soil
for
Hildago
(
4.8
%)
and
Cameron
(
6.6
%)
counties
(
USDA
2004).
Harlingen
Clay
is
a
hydrologic
group
D
soil
that
is
classified
as
very­
fine,
smectitic,
hyperthermic
sodic
haplusterts.
The
Harlingen
series
of
soils
is
deep,
moderately
well
drained,
very
slowly
permeable
soils
that
formed
in
clayey
sediments.
These
soils
have
slopes
of
0­
1
percent
and
occur
on
stream
terraces
and
deltas
along
the
lower
portions
of
the
Rio
Grande
River
and
its
tributaries
in
south
Texas
and
Mexico.
This
soil
is
mostly
used
for
irrigated
crop
land
including
cotton
and
cool
season
vegetables
(
USDA1997).

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Hidalgo/
Cameron
Counties,
Texas
­
Cotton
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Brownsville,
Cameron
County,
Texas:
W12919
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Brownsville,
Cameron
County,
Texas:
W12919
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.69
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.0
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
32.5
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.32
tons
EI­
1*
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.15
Based
on
slope
taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
,
PRZM
manual
length
400
m,
0.5%
slope
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1
contour
plowing
is
not
common
due
to
0­
1%
slope
(
consulted
with
extension
agent)
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA
2004)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
0.5%
From
http://
soils.
usda.
gov/
official
soil
series
description
(
slope
range
=
0­
1%)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
51
of
120
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
356
(
pond)
464
(
reservoir)
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA
2004)

Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA
2004)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
2
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.

Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.20
cm
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
60
cm
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998)

Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100%
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998)

Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
2
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998),
2
=
cover
crop
consulted
with
extension
agent,
crops
are
rotated
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
16/
3/
61
corn
is
planted
late
January­
Late
February
(
TX
extension
crop
profile)
+
emergence
of
5­
15
days
(
PRZM
manual)

Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
20/
7/
61
mature
110­
130
days
from
planting
(
PRZM
manual)

Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
15/
10/
61
harvest
from
August
1
to
December
20
(
PRZM
manual,
Table
5­
9)

Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
88,
89,
90
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
(
Hydrological
soil
D)
Row
Crop,
SR,
good
hydrologic
condition
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
.014.
RUSLE
Project,
TX
Galveston
Cotton,
(
T95CTCTC)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
52
of
120
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
.628
.654
.678
.697
.712
.727
.743
.784
.809
.808
.776
.639
.506
.384
.299
.295
.337
.412
.432
.358
.442
.494
.542
.585
.621
RUSLE
Project,
TX
Galveston
Cotton,
(
T95CTCTC)

Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
180
cm
http://
soils.
usda.
gov/

Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
4
(
top
HORIZN
split
in
2)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
18
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
61
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
91
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.45g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.45g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.40
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1.55
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.39
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1­
4)
Field
Capacity
values,
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.39
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)

Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.28
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.2%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.2%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.9%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.45%
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/);
Adjusted
using
the
relationship
%
OC
=
0.6
x
%
Organic
Matter
(
Doucette
2000)

3.
South
Texas
Vegetables
(
STXvegetblCRA)

The
field
used
to
represent
vegetable
production
in
South
Texas
is
representative
of
a
field
in
Hildago
and
Cameron
counties,
located
in
the
Lower
Rio
Grande
Valley
region.
The
meteorological
file,
Brownsville,
TX,
represents
the
MLRA
region
83D.
Specifically,
the
vegetable
scenario
represents
carrot,
onion
and
cabbage
production
in
the
state.
Texas
produces
3
percent
of
the
U.
S.
commercially
grown
carrots.
The
Lower
Rio
Grande
Region
produces
approximately
50
percent
of
Texas
carrots.
Carrot
seed
is
often
precision
planted
at
1/
8­
1/
4
inches
deep
between
July
and
November.
They
are
mechanically
harvested
from
December
to
May
(
NSF
2003
a).
Texas
produces
7
percent
of
the
U.
S.
commercially
grown
onions.
The
Lower
Rio
Grande
Region
produces
approximately
80
percent
of
Texas
onions.
Onion
seed
is
often
precision
planted
at
1/
4­
3/
4
inches
deep,
on
38­
40
inch
raised
beds
in
October.
Mechanical
harvest
begins
120­
210
days
after
planting,
when
the
tops
50­
80%
of
the
tops
fall
over.
They
are
mechanically
harvested
from
December
to
May
(
NSF
2003
b).
Texas
produces
15
percent
of
the
U.
S.
commercially
grown
cabbage.
The
Lower
Rio
Grande
Region
produces
approximately
50
percent
of
Texas
cabbage.
Cabbage
seed
is
often
planted
at
6­
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
53
of
120
15
inches
apart
(
NSF
2003
c).
The
soil
in
Hildago
and
Cameron
counties
is
alluvial,
being
derived
from
the
Rio
Grande
(
USDA
1997).
Thus
there
is
no
dominant
soil
type
(
range
of
coverages:
0.1­
13.2%).
For
this
scenario,
Harlingen
Clay
was
selected
as
a
representative
soil
type
because
it
supports
vegetable
production
and
has
largest
percent
coverage
of
a
hydrologic
group
C
or
D
soil
for
Hildago
(
4.8
%)
and
Cameron
(
6.6
%)
counties
(
USDA
2004).
Harlingen
Clay
is
a
hydrologic
group
D
soil
that
is
classified
as
very­
fine,
smectitic,
hyperthermic
sodic
haplusterts.
The
Harlingen
series
of
soils
is
deep,
moderately
well
drained,
very
slowly
permeable
soils
that
formed
in
clayey
sediments.
These
soils
have
slopes
of
0­
1
percent
and
occur
on
stream
terraces
and
deltas
along
the
lower
portions
of
the
Rio
Grande
River
and
its
tributaries
in
south
Texas
and
Mexico.
This
soil
is
mostly
used
for
irrigated
crop
land
including
cotton
and
cool
season
vegetables
(
USDA
1997).

PRZM
3.12
Climate
and
Time
Parameters
for
Hidalgo/
Cameron
Counties,
Texas
­
Vegetable
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Brownsville,
Cameron
County,
Texas:
W12919
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Brownsville,
Cameron
County,
Texas:
W12919
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.69
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
32.5
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.32
tons
EI­
1*
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.15
Based
on
slope
taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
,
PRZM
manual
length
400
m,
0.5%
slope
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1
contour
plowing
is
not
common
due
to
0­
1%
slope
(
consulted
with
extension
agent)
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA
2004)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
0.5%
From
http://
soils.
usda.
gov/
official
soil
series
description
(
slope
range
=
0­
1%)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
356
(
pond)
464
(
reservoir)
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA
2004)

Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
54
of
120
Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(.
EPA
2004)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
2
Consulted
extension
agent,
crops
are
rotated
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.

Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
cm
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
38.1
cm
Consulted
extension
agent
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
80%
Consulted
extension
agent
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
2
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998)

Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
1/
10/
61
Consulted
extension
agent
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
1/
3/
61
Consulted
extension
agent
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
15/
3/
61
Consulted
extension
agent
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
88,
89,
90
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
(
Hydrological
soil
D),
Row
crop,
SR,
good
hydrologic
conditions
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
.011
.
RUSLE
Project,
TX
Galveston,
Onion
(
T95ONONC)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
.623
.673
.715
.746
.760
.698
.813
.816
.806
.785
.760
.726
.692
.590
.666
.729
.782
.824
.857
.801
.902
.901
.885
.842
.786
.742
.699
.697
.712
.574
RUSLE
Project,
TX
Galveston,
Onion
(
T95ONONC)

Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
180
cm
http://
soils.
usda.
gov/
(
71
inches)

Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
4
(
top
HORIZN
split
in
2)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
55
of
120
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
18
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
61
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
91
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.45g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.45g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.40
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1.55
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.39
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1­
4)
Field
Capacity
values,
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.39
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)

Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.28
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.2%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.2%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.9%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.45%
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/);
Adjusted
using
the
relationship
%
OC
=
0.6
x
%
Organic
Matter
(
Doucette
2000)

4.
South
Texas
Melon
(
STXmelonCRA)

The
field
used
to
represent
melon
production
in
South
Texas
is
representative
of
a
field
in
Hildago
and
Cameron
counties,
located
in
the
Lower
Rio
Grande
Valley
region.
The
meteorological
file,
Brownsville,
TX,
represents
the
MLRA
region
83D.
Specifically,
the
melon
scenario
represents
cantaloupe,
honeydew
melon
and
watermelon
production
in
the
state.
Texas
produces
9
percent
and
10
percent
of
the
U.
S.
commercially
grown
cantaloupe
and
honeydew
melon,
respectively
(
NSF
1999).
Approximately
50
percent
of
the
state's
cantaloupe
and
honeydew
melon
is
grown
in
the
Lower
Rio
Grande
Region.
Seeds
are
planted
½
­
1
inch
deep
8­
12
inches
apart
in
78­
80
inch
beds
or
12­
24
inches
apart
in
2
lines
on
78­
80
inch
beds.
Planting
is
from
the
third
week
in
January
to
the
second
week
of
February.
Second
and
third
plantings
are
done
two
weeks
after
the
previous
plantings.
Cantaloupe
and
honeydew
melon
are
harvested
85­
95
days
after
planting
(
NSF
2000).
Texas
produces
20
percent
of
the
U.
S.
commercially
grown
watermelons,
ranking
number
one
in
the
country
(
NSF
1999).
Hildago
is
the
number
one
county
in
Texas
for
watermelon
production.
Seeds
are
planted
3/
4
­
1
inch
deep
3
feet
apart
on
6
foot
beds
(
NSF
2003).
The
soil
in
Hildago
and
Cameron
counties
is
alluvial,
being
derived
from
the
Rio
Grande
(
USDA
1997).
Thus
there
is
no
dominant
soil
type
(
range
of
coverages:
0.1­
13.2%).
For
this
scenario,
Harlingen
Clay
was
selected
as
a
representative
soil
type
because
it
supports
melon
growth
and
has
the
largest
percent
coverage
of
a
hydrologic
group
C
or
D
soil
for
Hildago
(
4.8
%)
and
Cameron
(
6.6
%)
counties
(
USDA
2004).
Harlingen
Clay
is
a
hydrologic
group
D
soil
that
is
classified
as
very­
fine,
smectitic,
hyperthermic
sodic
haplusterts.
The
Harlingen
series
of
soils
is
deep,
moderately
well
drained,
very
slowly
permeable
soils
that
formed
in
clayey
sediments.
These
soils
have
slopes
of
0­
1
percent
and
occur
on
stream
terraces
and
deltas
along
the
lower
portions
of
the
Rio
Grande
River
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
56
of
120
and
its
tributaries
in
south
Texas
and
Mexico.
This
soil
is
mostly
used
for
irrigated
crop
land
including
cotton
and
cool
season
vegetables
(
USDA1997).

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Hidalgo/
Cameron
Counties,
Texas
­
Melon
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Brownsville,
Cameron
County,
Texas:
W12919
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Brownsville,
Cameron
County,
Texas:
W12919
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.69
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
32.5
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.32
tons
EI­
1*
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.15
Based
on
slope
taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
,
PRZM
manual
length
400
m,
0.5%
slope
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1
contour
plowing
is
not
common
due
to
0­
1%
slope
(
consulted
with
extension
agent)
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA
2004)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
0.5%
From
http://
soils.
usda.
gov/
official
soil
series
description
(
slope
range
=
0­
1%)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
356
(
pond)
464
(
reservoir)
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA
2004)

Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA.
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
2
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
57
of
120
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.

Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
cm
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
61
cm
Consulted
extension
agent
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100%
Consulted
extension
agent
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
2
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998)

Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
1/
2/
61
Consulted
extension
agent
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
1/
5/
61
Consulted
extension
agent
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
7/
5/
61
Consulted
extension
agent
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
88,
89,
90
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
(
Hydrological
soil
D),
Row
crop,
SR,
good
hydrologic
conditions
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
.011
RUSLE
Project,
TX
Galveston,
Citrus,
Bare
Ground
(
T95CBCBC)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
.715
.746
.760
.698
.813
.816
.806
.785
.760
.726
.692
.590
.666
.729
.782
.824
.857
.801
.902
.901
.885
.842
.786
.742
.699
.697
.712
.574
.623
.673
RUSLE
Project,
TX
Galveston,
Onion,
Bare
Ground
(
T95ONONC)

Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
180
cm
http://
soils.
usda.
gov/
(
71
inches)

Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
4
(
top
HORIZN
split
in
2)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
18
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
61
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
91
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.45g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.45g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.40
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1.55
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.39
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1­
4)
Field
Capacity
values,
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
58
of
120
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.39
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)

Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.28
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.2%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.2%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.9%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.45%
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/);
Adjusted
using
the
relationship
%
OC
=
0.6
x
%
Organic
Matter
(
Doucette
2000)

5.
South
Texas
Corn
(
STXcornCRA)

The
field
used
to
represent
corn
production
in
South
Texas
is
representative
of
a
field
in
Hildago
and
Cameron
counties,
located
in
the
Lower
Rio
Grande
Valley
region.
The
meteorological
file,
Brownsville,
TX,
represents
the
MLRA
region
83D.
Texas
produces
2
percent
of
the
U.
S.
commercially
grown
corn
(
NSF
1999).
The
Northern
High
Plains
grows
approximately
66
percent
of
Texas
corn
with
less
than
12
percent
being
grown
in
the
Lower
Valley
region.
In
the
Lower
Valley
region
of
Texas,
corn
is
planted
between
late
January
and
Late
February.
In
the
Northern
parts
of
the
state,
planting
dates
are
significantly
different,
being
mid
April
to
early
May.
Corn
is
generally
planted
in
30
inch
rows
at
rates
of
28,000
­
34,000
seeds/
acre.
Corn
is
generally
irrigated
andharvested
in
the
lower
valley
between
late
June
and
Mid
July
(
NSF
1999).
The
soil
in
Hildago
and
Cameron
counties
is
alluvial,
being
derived
from
the
Rio
Grande
(
USDA
1997).
Thus
there
is
no
dominant
soil
type
(
range
of
coverages:
0.1­
13.2%).
For
this
scenario,
Harlingen
Clay
was
selected
as
a
representative
soil
type
because
it
has
significant
yields
of
corn
and
has
the
largest
percent
coverage
of
a
hydrologic
group
C
or
D
soil
for
Hildago
(
4.8
%)
and
Cameron
(
6.6
%)
counties
(
USDA
2004).
Harlingen
Clay
is
a
hydrologic
group
D
soil
that
is
classified
as
very­
fine,
smectitic,
hyperthermic
sodic
haplusterts.
The
Harlingen
series
of
soils
is
deep,
moderately
well
drained,
very
slowly
permeable
soils
that
formed
in
clayey
sediments.
These
soils
have
slopes
of
0­
1
percent
and
occur
on
stream
terraces
and
deltas
along
the
lower
portions
of
the
Rio
Grande
River
and
its
tributaries
in
south
Texas
and
Mexico.
This
soil
is
mostly
used
for
irrigated
crop
land
including
cotton
and
cool
season
vegetables
(
USDA1997).

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Hidalgo/
Cameron
Counties,
Texas
­
Corn
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Brownsville,
Cameron
County,
Texas:
W12919
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Brownsville,
Cameron
County,
Texas:
W12919
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.69
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.0
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
32.5
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
59
of
120
Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.32
tons
EI­
1*
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.15
Based
on
slope
taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
,
PRZM
manual
length
400
m,
0.5%
slope
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1
contour
plowing
is
not
common
due
to
0­
1%
slope
(
consulted
with
extension
agent)
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA
2004)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
0.5%
From
http://
soils.
usda.
gov/
official
soil
series
description
(
slope
range
=
0­
1%)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
356
(
pond)
464
(
reservoir)
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA
2004)

Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(.
EPA
2004)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
2
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.

Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
cm
Maximum
recommended
value
for
grass
(
Carsel
et
al.
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
90
cm
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998)

Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100%
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998)

Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
2
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998),
2
=
cover
crop
consulted
with
extension
agent,
crops
are
rotated
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
60
of
120
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
1/
3/
61
corn
is
planted
late
January­
Late
February
(
TX
extension
crop
profile)
+
emergence
of
5­
15
days
(
PRZM
manual)
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
15/
6/
61
mature
110­
130
days
from
planting
(
PRZM
manual)

Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
1/
7/
61
corn
is
harvested
between
late
June
and
mid
July
(
http://
pestdata.
ncsu.
edu/
cropprofiles)

Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
88,
89,
90
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
(
Hydrological
soil
D)
Row
Crop,
SR,
good
hydrologic
condition
(
moderately
well
drained
soil)
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
.014
RUSLE
Project,
TX
Galveston
Corn,
(
T95CGSBC)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
.536
.581
.622
.654
.680
.705
.800
.829
.843
.821
.774
.602
.452
.371.311.282
.285
.287
.288
.307
.369
.388
.039
.042
.133
.173
.215
.257
RUSLE
Project,
TX
Galveston
Corn,
(
T95CGSBC)

Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
180
cm
http://
soils.
usda.
gov/
(
71
inches)

Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
4
(
top
HORIZN
split
in
2)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
18
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
61
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
91
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.45g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.45g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.40
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1.55
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.39
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1­
4)
Field
Capacity
values,
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.39
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1­
4)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)

Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.28
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1­
4)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)

Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.2%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.2%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.9%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.45%
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/);
Adjusted
using
the
relationship
%
OC
=
0.6
x
%
Organic
Matter
(
Doucette
2000)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
61
of
120
G.
North
/
Northcentral
Scenario
Documentation
1.
Pennsylvania
Apples
(
PAappleC)

The
field
used
to
represent
apple
production
in
Pennsylvania
is
located
in
Lancaster
County,
in
south­
eastern
Pennsylvania.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
Pennsylvania
is
ranked
5th
in
apple
production
in
the
U.
S.
Within
row
tree
spacing
depends
on
the
root
stock
and
cultivation
method.
Spacing
ranges
from
as
little
as
5
feet
to
25
feet.
Row
spacing
may
be
as
much
as
twice
the
within
row
spacing
to
allow
for
maintenance
and
harvesting
equipment.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
benchmark
soil,
Elioak
silt
loam.
Elioak
silt
loam,
is
a
clayey,
kaolinitic,
mesic,
Typic
Hapludults.
The
soil
is
used
for
pastures,
orchards,
general
local
crops
and
nonagricultural
uses.
Elioak
silt
loam
is
a
very
deep,
well
drained,
moderately
permeable
soil
with
medium
to
rapid
runoff.
These
soils
formed
in
residuum
weathered
from
mica
schists
and
phyllites,
and
to
a
minor
extent
from
granitized
schist
and
micaeous
gneiss.
They
are
found
on
summits
and
upper
slopes
in
northern
portions
of
the
Piedmont
Plateau.
Most
slopes
are
less
than
15
percent,
but
can
range
from
0
to
30
percent.
The
series
is
of
moderate
extent
in
the
mid­
Atlantic
Piedmont
Plateau.
Elioak
silt
loam
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Lancaster,
PA
­
Apples
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Allentown,
PA
(
W14737)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Allentown,
PA
(
W14737)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.76
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.2
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.42
tons
EI­
1*
PRZM
Manual,
Table
3.1
(
EPA,
1985)

USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
3.60
Haan
and
Barfield,
1978
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.0
PRZM
Table
5.6
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)

NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
12%
Value
set
to
maximum
for
crop
(
EPA,
2001)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
62
of
120
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
3
Orchard
_
material
is
largely
left
in
place
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
36
Set
to
weather
data.
Allentown,
PA
(
W14737)

Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
Set
to
default
for
orchards
(
EPA,
2001)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
100
cm
Set
to
maximum
soil
depth.
Roots
may
grow
to
20
feet.
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
90
http://
caf.
wvu.
edu/
kearneyville/
fruitloop.
html
Ross
Byers,
Horticultural
Specialist
VPI
_
canopy
somewhat
open
between
rows;
90%
reasonable
upper
end
estimate.
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Orchards
floor
maintained
similar
to
a
meadow
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
20/
04
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
10/
05
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
15/
10
Personal
communication
w/
Ross
Byers,
VA
Tech
Fruit
Horticulturalist
(
540)
869_
2560
x19
Emergence
based
on
leaf
emergence,
Maturation
based
on
canopy
maturity,
Harvest
based
on
average
leaf
fall.
Dates
based
on
central
VA
and
modified
by:
1
day
added
for
every
100
miles
north
or
100
feet
higher
elevation
or
1day
subtracted
for
every
100
miles
south
or
100
feet
lower
elevation.
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
84,
79,
82
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
meadow;
condition
good
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.014
RUSLE
Project,
SB5OBOBC;
Orchards,
bare
ground;
conventional
tillage;
York,
PA
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.103
­
0.515
RUSLE
Project;
SB5OBOBC;
Orchards,
bare
ground;
conventional
tillage;
York,
PA
(
USDA,
2000)
Elioak
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
(
Top
horizon
split
in
two)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
28
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
62
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.70
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
1.80
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.218
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.243
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
63
of
120
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.218
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.243cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.098
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.163
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.16%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.174
(
HORIZN
=
3)

2.
Pennsylvania
Alfalfa
(
PAalfalfaC)

The
field
used
to
represent
alfalfa
production
in
Pennsylvania
is
located
in
York
County
in
south­
central
Pennsylvania.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
Pennsylvania
is
ranked
15th
overall
in
the
production
of
alfalfa
in
the
U.
S.
Alfalfa
is
a
perennial
crop,
grown
on
a
variety
of
soils,
planted
early
in
the
year
and
maintained
under
continuous
cultivation
on
a
3­
to
5­
year
cycle
at
which
time
a
new
crop
is
planted.
Planting
depths
range
from
0.25
to
1.0
inches,
depending
on
soil
texture,
on
level
seed
beds.
Row
spacing
is
approximately
30
inches;
alfalfa
is
not
irrigated
in
Pennsylvania.
Cuttings
range
from
2
to
4
per
year.
Most
farmers
take
the
last
cutting
of
the
season
in
September.
Alfalfa
prefers
well­
drained
soils
with
a
pH
near
neutral
(
pH
6.7­
6.9).
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
benchmark
soil,
Glenville
silt
loam.
Glenville
silt
loam,
is
a
fine­
loamy,
mixed,
active,
mesic,
Aquic
Fragiudults.
These
soils
are
in
general
crop
production,
but
mostly
grain,
hay
and
pasture.
Glenville
silt
loam
is
a
very
deep,
moderately
well
drained
or
somewhat
poorly
drained,
medium
to
slowly
permeable
soil
with
medium
to
slow
runoff
and
consists
of
a
fragipan
at
approximately
2
feet.
In
the
fragipan,
permeability
is
slow
to
moderately
slow.
These
soils
formed
in
residuum
weathered
from
mica
acid
schist
and
crystalline
rock
containing
mica.
They
are
found
on
nearly
level
to
strongly
sloping
upland
flats,
footslopes,
or
near
the
heads
of
drainageways.
Slopes
range
from
0
to
15
percent.
These
soils
are
extensive
in
the
mid­
Atlantic
Piedmont.
Glenville
silt
loam
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
York
County,
Pennsylvania
­
Alfalfa
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Allentown,
PA
(
W14737)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Allentown,
PA
(
W14737)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.76
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.3
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)
Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
12.5
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
64
of
120
USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.33
tons
EI­
1*
FARM
Manual,
Table
3.1
(
EPA,
1985)

USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.123
Haan
and
Barfield,
1978.

USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
0.60
Leon
Restler,
Ag.
Extension
Agent,
Lancaster
Co.
(
717)
394_
6851
8/
14/
01)
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
12%
Leon
Restler,
Ag.
Extension
Agent,
Lancaster
Co.
(
717)
394_
6851
8/
14/
01)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Set
to
fallow
prior
to
new
crop
planting.

Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Allentown,
PA
(
W14737)

Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
PRZM,
Table
5.4
(
EPA,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
120
cm
Leon
Restler,
Ag.
Extension
Agent,
Lancaster
Co.
(
717)
394_
6851
8/
14/
01)
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100
Leon
Restler,
Ag.
Extension
Agent,
Lancaster
Co.
(
717)
394_
6851
8/
14/
01)
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Set
to
residue
for
winter
months
after
last
harvest
during
multi­
year
growth
and
during
winter
of
last
years
of
growth.
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
15/
04
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
31/
10
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
31/
10
Leon
Restler,
Ag.
Extension
Agent,
Lancaster
Co.
(
717)
394_
6851
8/
14/
01)

Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
87,
83,
86
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
pasture/
range,
non_
CNT,
poor
condition
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.110
RUSLE
Project,
SB5HLHLC;
Hay,
legume,
conventional
till,
York
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.001
­
0.017
RUSLE
Project;
SB5HLHLC;
Hay,
legume,
conventional
till,
York
(
USDA,
2000)
Glenville
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
120
cm
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
65
of
120
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
(
Top
horizon
split
in
two)
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
12
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
98
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.4
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
1.8
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.254
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.201
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.254
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.201cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.094
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.121
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.74%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.174
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)

3.
Pennsylvania
Corn
(
PAcornC)

The
field
used
to
represent
corn
production
in
Pennsylvania
is
located
in
Lancaster
County
in
the
south­
east
portion
of
the
state.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
Pennsylvania
is
ranked
15th
among
major
producers
of
corn
in
the
U.
S.
The
crop
is
generally
planted
the
Spring
(
April)
and
harvested
beginning
in
September.
Continuous
corn
is
practice
is
much
of
the
region.
However,
rotation
with
other
crops
such
as
soybeans
is
also
practiced.
Most
of
the
corn
is
planted
for
feed
grain.
Planting
depth
and
row
spacing
(
generally
30
inches)
follows
general
practices
for
the
U.
S.
Conventional
tillage
dominates
management
practices,
followed
by
no­
tillage.
However,
conservation
tillage
is
continuing
to
grow.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
benchmark
soil,
Hagerstown
silt
loam.
Hagerstown
silt
loam,
is
a
fine,
mixed,
semiactive,
mesic
Typic
Hapludalfs.
These
soils
are
used
fro
general
crops,
pastures,
orchards
and
truck
crops.
Large
portions
are
in
non­
farm
uses.
Hagerstown
silt
loam
is
a
very
deep,
well
drained,
moderately
permeable
soil
with
moderate
to
rapid
runoff.
These
soils
formed
in
materials
weathered
from
hard
grey
limestone
of
rather
high
purity.
They
are
found
on
valley
floors
and
the
adjacent
hills.
In
some
areas
rock
outcrops
are
common
surface
features.
Slopes
are
generally
less
than
15
percent,
but
may
range
up
to
45
percent.
Hagerstown
silt
loam
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Lancaster
County,
Pennsylvania
­
Corn
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Allentown,
PA
(
W14737)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
66
of
120
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Allentown,
PA
(
W14737)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.76
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998.)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.20m
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)
Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.32
tons
EI­
1*
GLEAMS
Manual,
table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
1.042
GLEAMS
Manual,
table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
0.5
Set
according
to
guidance
(
EPA,
2001)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)

NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
6%
Maximum
value
for
row
crop.
(
EPA,
2001).
Most
slopes
for
soil
series
are
around
2
percent.
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Set
fallow
prior
to
new
crop
planting
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Allentown,
PA
(
W14737)

Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.17
PRZM,
Table
5.4
(
EPA,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
90
cm
PRZM
Manual,
Table
5.9
(
EPA,
1998)

Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100
QA/
QC
Guidance
(
EPA,
2001)

Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Winter
cover
crop
planted
in
most
areas.

Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
20/
04
Usual
Planting
and
Harvesting
Dates
for
U.
S.
Field
Crops
and
Penn.
State
Coop.
Extension
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
04/
07
Usual
Planting
and
Harvesting
Dates
for
U.
S.
Field
Crops
and
Penn.
State
Coop.
Extension
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
01/
10
Usual
Planting
and
Harvesting
Dates
for
U.
S.
Field
Crops
and
Penn.
State
Coop.
Extension
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
67
of
120
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
89,
83,
85
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Fallow
SR/
CT;
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
crop,
Conservation
tillage,
Contour
plowing"
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.014
RUSLE
Project,
SB5CGSBC,
Corn,
grain,
conventional
tillage,
York,
PA
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.025
­
0.701
RUSLE
Project;
SB5CGSBC,
Corn,
grain,
conventional
tillage,
York,
PA
(
USDA,
2000)
Hagerstown
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
40
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
50
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.6
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.7
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.8
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.282
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.2942cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.245
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
5.0
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.282
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.242cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.245
cm3­
H2O

cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.122
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.142
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.145
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
2.9%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.174%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.116%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)

4.
Pennsylvania
Vegetables
(
PAvegetblCRA)

The
Pennsylvania
Vegetable
crop/
field
scenario
represents
the
typical
potato
and
pumpkin
crop/
field
conditions
in
southeastern
Pennsylvania.
Potatoes
are
grown
in
Pennsylvania
from
mid­
July
to
September
and
mid­
September
to
mid­
May.
Potato
seeds
are
placed
7
to
12
inches
apart
in
rows.
Soil
is
ridged
over
the
seed
rows
or
hilling
in
order
to
prevent
greening
and
to
control
weeds
before
seedlings
bloom.
Potatoes
are
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
68
of
120
fertilized
twice,
during
planting
using
a
band
treatment
along
side
the
seedling
rows
and
during
cultivation
or
hilling.
Potatoes
are
typically
harvested
from
mid­
July
to
October
in
Pennsylvania.
80%
of
the
potato
crop
production
occurs
in
Erie,
Cambria,
Schuykill,
Lancaster,
and
Potter
counties
(
IPM,
2004a).
Pennsylvania
is
ranked
2nd
in
the
United
States
for
pumpkin
production
in
the
United
States,
making
up
10%
of
total
pumpkin
production
in
the
United
States.
The
majority
of
pumpkin
production
in
Pennsylvania
occurs
in
the
southeastern
region.
Pumpkins
are
mostly
direct
seeded
with
conventional
tillage
preparation.
Pumpkins
are
grown
in
silts,
gravely
loams,
and
clays.
Planting
typically
occurs
between
early
June
and
July
(
IPM,
2004b).

The
Clarksburg
soil
series
was
selected
to
represent
the
Pennsylvania
Vegetable
scenario.
Clarksburg
soils
are
silt
loams,
the
soil
type
where
potato
and
pumpkin
crops
are
typically
grown.
The
Clarksburg
soil
series
is
a
very
deep,
moderately
well­
drained
soil
formed
in
colluvium,
glacial
till
or
residuum
from
limestone,
calcareous
and
noncalcareous
shale
and
sandstone.
This
soil
series
is
located
on
uplands
with
slopes
ranging
from
0
to
25
percent.
Soil
permeability
is
slow
to
moderately
slow.
This
taxonomic
class
is
described
as
fine­
loamy,
mixed,
super­
active,
mesic
Oxyaquic
Fragiudalfs.
The
typical
pedon
is
a
silt
loam
located
on
a
5
percent
northeast
facing
slope
in
a
cultivated
field.
The
Harrisburg,
Pennsylvania
weather
record
is
selected
to
represent
meteorological
conditions
for
the
Pennsylvania
Vegetable
scenario.
This
is
the
MLRA
148
region
(
USDA,
2004).

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Lancaster
County,
Pennsylvania
­
Vegetable
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Harrisburg,
PA,
W14751
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Harrisburg,
PA,
W14751
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.79
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.36
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17.5
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.37
tons
EI­
1*
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/),
Lancaster
County,
Pennsylvania
­
Vegetable:
Clarksburg
silt
loam
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.44
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/),
Lancaster
County,
Pennsylvania
­
Vegetable:
Clarksburg
silt
loam
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
and
ID
potato
scenario
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA
2004)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
69
of
120
Slope
(
SLP)
12.5%
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/),
Lancaster
County,
Pennsylvania
­
Vegetable:
Clarksburg
silt
loam
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA
2004)
Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(.
EPA
2004)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
­
Lancaster,
PA
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.1cm
Maximum
recommended
value
for
grass
(
Carsel
et
al.
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
60
cm
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998)

Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
40%
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998)

Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
From
ID
potato
scenario
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
10/
5/
61
From
ID
potato
scenario
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
1/
10/
61
From
ID
potato
scenario
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
10/
10/
61
From
ID
potato
scenario
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
89,
86,
87
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Pasture/
Range,
Non­
CNT,
Poor
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
.014
RUSLE
Project
,
PA
Potato
(
Irish),
York
County,
File
Code:
S65P1PC
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
70
of
120
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
.694
.698
.701
.705
.713
.728
.746
.767
.736
.842
.870
.872
.809
.568
.392
.282
.118
.057
.052
.213
.534
.593
.635
.663
.679
.689
RUSLE
Project
,
PA
Potato
(
Irish),
York
County,
File
Code:
SB5P1PC
Clarksburg
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
152
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
4
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
12
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
34
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
96
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.3
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.3
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.4
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1.6
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.32cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1­
4)
Field
Capacity
values,
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3)
4
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.32
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORZIN
=
1­
4)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)

Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.21
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORZIN
=
1­
4)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)

Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.8%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.24%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.09%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.09%
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/);
Adjusted
using
the
relationship
%
OC
=
0.6
x
%
Organic
Matter
(
Doucette
2000)

5.
Illinois
Corn
(
ILcornC)

The
field
used
to
represent
corn
production
in
Illinois
is
located
in
McLean
County,
although
the
crop
is
grown
extensively
throughout
the
state.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
Illinois
is
ranked
2nd
among
the
major
corn
producing
states
in
the
U.
S.
The
crop
is
generally
planted
the
early
Spring
(
April)
in
the
south,
early
May
in
the
north
and
harvested
beginning
in
August.
Continuous
corn
is
practice
is
much
of
the
region
(
approximately
30
percent
is
continuous),
however,
rotation
with
other
crops
such
as
soybean,
wheat,
sorghum,
and
alfalfa
is
the
dominant
practice.
Most
of
the
corn
is
planted
for
feed
grain,
but
may
also
be
planted
for
oil,
sweetener,
and
for
export.
Planting
depth
and
row
spacing
(
generally
30
inches)
follows
general
practices
for
the
U.
S.
Conservation
tillage
practices
are
regularly
used
for
field
corn
with
no_
till
practiced
on
about
20
percent
of
the
corn
acreage
annually.
About
50
percent
of
the
acreage
is
cultivated
with
a
row
cultivator
and
an
estimated
40
percent
is
rotary
hoed
annually.
The
crop
is
rarely
grown
under
irrigation.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
an
Adair
clan
loam.
Adair
clay
loam
is
a
fine,
smectitic,
mesic
Aquertic
Argiudolls.
More
than
50
percent
of
the
soil
is
used
for
the
production
of
grains
with
the
balance
in
meadow
and
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
71
of
120
pasture.
Adair
clay
loam
is
a
deep,
somewhat
poorly
drained,
medium
to
rapid
runoff,
slowly
permeable
soil
formed
on
uplands
in
a
thin
mantle
of
loess
or
loess
and
pedisediments
and
a
paleosol
formed
in
glacial
till.
They
are
on
convex
summits
of
narrow
interfluves
and
on
convex
side
slopes
at
slightly
lower
elevations.
Slopes
are
generally
between
2
to
18
percent,
but
may
range
to
30
percent.
The
soils
are
extensive
in
MLRA
108
and
found
in
many
MLRA
in
the
region.
Adair
clay
loam
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
McLean
County,
Illinois
­
Corn
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
 
Peoria,
IL
(
W14842)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
 
Peoria,
IL
(
W14842)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.77
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.36
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
16.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.32
tons
EI­
1*
GLEAMS
Table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
1.126
GLEAMS
Table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.00
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
6%
Selected
according
to
QA/
QC
Guidance
(
EPA,
2001)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
3
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992);
Lyle
Paul
of
U
of
Illinois
indicates
residues
are
typically
chiseled
in
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
 
Peoria,
IL
(
W14842)
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
Maximum
recommended
value
for
grass
Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
90
cm
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
72
of
120
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992);
Lyle
Paul
of
U
of
Illinois
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992);
Lyle
Paul
of
U
of
Illinois
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
01/
05
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
21/
09
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
20/
10
Usual
Planting
and
Harvest
Dates
for
US
Field
Crops
(
USDA,
1984)
&
Updated
Crop
Stage
Information
from
HED
(
Bernard
Schneider)

Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
91,
87,
88
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Fallow
=
SR/
poor;
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crop,
SR/
poor
condition
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.014
RUSLE
Project,
MA3CGSBC;
Corn,
grain,
Conventional
tillage,
Springfield,
IL
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.017
­
0.638
RUSLE
Project;
MA3CGSBC;
Corn,
grain,
Conventional
tillage,
Springfield,
IL,
variable
with
date
(
USDA,
2000)
Adair
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
4
(
Top
horizon
split
in
two)
PIC
(
Burns,
1992)
Confirmed
with:
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
34
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
44
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
12
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.5
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
1.6
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1.7
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.355
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
0.338
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.307
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3,4)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.355
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
0.338
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.307
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
PIC
(
Burns,
1992)
Confirmed
with:
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
73
of
120
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.185
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.208
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.167
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
2.32%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.174%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.116%
(
HORIZN
=
4)

6.
Illinois
Alfalfa
(
ILalfalfaCRA)

Alfalfa
production
in
Illinois
represents
2.2%
of
the
alfalfa
production
in
the
United
States.
Alfalfa
is
harvested
in
late
May
to
mid­
June
with
successive
cuttings
occurring
every
28
to
34
days
until
September
or
October
(
IPM,
2004).
The
Varna
soil
series
was
selected
to
represent
the
Illinois
Alfalfa
crop
scenario.
This
soil
type
is
a
silt
loam
with
the
largest
spatial
extent
in
McLean
County,
Illinois,
the
region
selected
to
represent
alfalfa
production
in
Illinois.
The
Varna
soil
is
very
deep,
moderately
well
drained,
slowly
permeable
soil
located
on
till
plains.
It
is
a
fine,
illitic,
mesic
Oxyaquic
Argiudolls
soil.
The
typical
pedon
is
located
on
a
northwest­
facing
convex
slope
of
3
percent
at
an
elevation
of
722
feet.
The
weather
record
from
Peoria,
Illinois
located
in
the
MLRA
region
of
108
(
USDA
2004).

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
McLean
County,
Illinois
­
Alfalfa
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Peoria,
Illinois
(
W14842)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Peoria,
Illinois
(
W14842)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.76
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.36
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17.5
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.28
tons
EI­
1*
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/),
McLean
County,
Illinois:
Varna
Silt
Loam
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.44
PRZM
Manual,
Table
5­
5
(
EPA
1998),
Default
slope
length
=
400
ft.
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA
2004)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
74
of
120
Slope
(
SLP)
3
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/),
McLean
County,
Illinois:
Varna
Silt
Loam
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA
2004)
Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(.
EPA
2004)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
EPA,
2004)

Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
­
Peoria,
Illinois
(
W14842)
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
cm
Maximum
recommended
value
for
grass
(
Carsel
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
100
cm
Taken
from
Minnesota
Alfalfa
scenario
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100%
Taken
from
Minnesota
Alfalfa
scenario
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Taken
from
Minnesota
Alfalfa
scenario
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
1/
6/
61
Taken
from
Minnesota
Alfalfa
scenario
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
25/
8/
61
Taken
from
Minnesota
Alfalfa
scenario
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
30/
8/
61
Taken
from
Minnesota
Alfalfa
scenario
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
82,
85,
87
Gleams
Manual
Table
H­
4,
Close­
seeded
legumes
or
rotation
meadow,
straight
row,
poor
(
USDA,
1990)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
75
of
120
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
.110
.
RUSLE
Project,
File
Code:
MA5HLHLC
(
Carbondale,
IL,
Hay
legume)

USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
.015
.015
.015
.016
.016
.018
.012
.006
.002
.007
.004
.002
.007
.006
.003
.001
.005
.003
.003
.005
.009
.013
.014
.014
.015
.015
RUSLE
Project,
File
Code:
MA5HLHLC
(
Carbondale,
IL,
Hay
legume)

Varna
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
152
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
5
(
top
horizon
split
in
2)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
20
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
38
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
31
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
53
cm
(
HORIZN
=
5)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.5
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.5
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.45
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1.6
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
4)
1.8
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
5)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.32
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1
­
5)
Field
Capacity
values,
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3,4,5)
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.32
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1
­
5)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)
(
Silt
loam)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.12
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1
­
5)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)
(
Silt
loam)

Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.5%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.5%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.6%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.18%
(
HORIZN
=
4)
0.15%
(
HORIZN
=
5)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/);
Adjusted
using
the
relationship
%
OC
=
0.6
x
%
Organic
Matter
(
Doucette
2000)

7.
Illinois
Beans
(
ILbeanCRA)

The
Illinois
Bean
scenario
represents
the
environmental
conditions
for
snap
bean,
green
pea,
and
lima
bean
production
in
Illinois.
Lima
beans
are
typically
planted
in
June
or
July
after
a
pea
crop.
Lima
beans
may
be
planted
between
May
and
July
(
IPM,
2004
a).
Snap
bean
seedlings
are
started
in
the
greenhouse
in
March
and
April,
then
transplanted
to
the
field
in
June.
Snap
beans
prefer
well
drained
soils
and
a
soil
pH
ranging
from
5.5
to
6.0.
Snap
beans
are
planted
3/
4
to
1
inch
deep
at
the
end
of
the
frost
season
for
harvest
in
the
spring.
Snap
beans
may
also
be
planted
in
early
summer
for
harvest
in
late
fall
before
the
first
frost.
Snap
bean
seedlings
are
planted
in
rows
2
inches
wide
with
18
to
36
inches
between
the
rows
(
IPM,
2004
b).
Green
peas
are
planted
in
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
76
of
120
rows
6
to
7
inches
apart.
Planting
occurs
in
early
spring.
Green
peas
must
be
harvested
prior
to
hot,
dry
weather
of
mid
to
late
summer
(
IPM,
2004
c).
The
Varna
soil
series
was
selected
to
represent
the
Illinois
Beans
crop
scenario.
This
soil
type
is
a
silt
loam
with
the
largest
spatial
extent
in
McLean
County,
Illinois,
the
region
selected
to
represent
bean
production
in
Illinois.
The
Varna
soil
is
very
deep,
moderately
well
drained,
slowly
permeable
and
located
on
till
plains.
It
is
a
fine,
illitic,
mesic
Oxyaquic
Argiudolls
soil.
The
typical
pedon
is
located
on
a
northwest­
facing
convex
slope
of
3
percent
at
an
elevation
of
722
feet.
The
weather
record
from
Peoria,
Illinois
is
located
in
the
MLRA
region
of
108
(
USDA,
2004).

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
McLean
County,
Illinois
­
Beans
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Peoria,
Illinois
(
W14842)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Peoria,
Illinois
(
W14842)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.76
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.36
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)
Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17.5
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.28
tons
EI­
1*
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/),
McLean
County,
Illinois:
Varna
Silt
Loam
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.44
PRZM
Manual,
Table
5­
5
(
EPA
1998),
Default
slope
length
=
400
ft.
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA
2004)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
3
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/),
McLean
County,
Illinois:
Varna
Silt
Loam
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA
2004)
Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Crop
Parameters
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
77
of
120
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(.
EPA
2004)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
­
Peoria,
Illinois
(
W14842)
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.1
cm
Taken
from
Oregon
Snapbeans
scenario
Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
18
cm
Taken
from
Oregon
Snapbeans
scenario
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
80%
Taken
from
Oregon
Snapbeans
scenario
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
1
Taken
from
Oregon
Snapbeans
scenario
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
16/
6/
61
Taken
from
Oregon
Snapbeans
scenario
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
18/
8/
61
Taken
from
Oregon
Snapbeans
scenario
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
2/
9/
61
Taken
from
Oregon
Snapbeans
scenario
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
92,
89,
90
Gleams
Manual
Table
H­
4,
Close­
seeded
legumes,
fallow,
ST/
CT,
poor
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
.023
RUSLE
Project,
File
Code:
MaISBCGC
Chicago,
IL,
Soybean
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
.086
.089
.092
.095
.100
.109
.124
.145
.168
.278
.292
.342
.372
.395
.381
.326
.199
.067
.072
.054
.073
.093
.046
.047
.193
.219
.242
.258
.270
RUSLE
Project,
File
Code:
MaISBCGC
Chicago,
IL,
Soybean
Varna
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
152
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
5
(
top
horizon
split
in
2)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
20
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
38
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
31
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
53
cm
(
HORIZN
=
5)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.5
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.5
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.45
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1.6
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
4)
1.8
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
5)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.32
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1
­
5)
Field
Capacity
values,
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
78
of
120
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3,4,5)
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.32
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1
­
5)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)
(
Silt
loam)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.12
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1
­
5)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)
(
Silt
loam)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.5%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.5%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.6%
(
HORIZN
=
3)

0.18%
(
HORIZN
=
4)
0.15%
(
HORIZN
=
5)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/);
Adjusted
using
the
relationship
%
OC
=
0.6
x
%
Organic
Matter
(
Doucette
2000)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
79
of
120
I.
Northern
Great
Plains
Region
Scenario
Documentation
1.
Minnesota
Potatoes
(
MNpotatoCRA)

The
field
used
to
represent
potato
production
in
Minnesota
is
located
in
Polk
County,
in
the
Red
River
Valley.
However,
the
scenario
should
be
considered
as
representative
of
the
major
potato
producing
region
of
the
Red
River
Valley,
which
included
counties
in
both
Minnesota
and
North
Dakota.
According
to
the
USDA
Crop
Profile
for
Potatoes
in
Minnesota
(
USDA,
2002),
Minnesota
ranked
7th
nationally
in
potato
production,
with
the
largest
producing
regions
in
the
northwest
(
Polk,
Clay,
Kittson,
Marshall,
and
Red
Lake
counties)
and
the
central
(
Sherburne,
Morrison,
Todd
counties).
Because
this
scenario
is
being
developed
for
the
N­
methyl
carbamate
cumulative
risk
assessment,
a
scenario
site
in
the
northwest
(
Red
River
Valley)
was
selected
to
coincide
with
the
regional
cumulative
assessment
area.
The
site
may
still
be
of
value
as
a
regional
potato
scenario
since
it
does
represent
an
area
of
the
country
with
relatively
high
potato
production
(
North
Dakota,
on
the
other
side
of
the
Red
River,
is
6th
in
potato
production,
with
the
main
producing
area
in
ND
being
the
Red
River
Valley
[
USDA,
2000b]).
The
Red
River
Valley
MLRA
(
56)
includes
the
North
Dakota
counties
along
the
eastern
border
(
Pembina,
Walsh,
Grand
Forks,
Traill,
Cass,
and
Richland)
and
the
Minnesota
counties
along
the
northwestern
border
(
Kittson,
Marshall,
Polk,
Pennington,
Red
Lake,
Norman,
Clay,
Wilkin,
and
Traverse).

Planting
begins
in
late
April
(
after
soil
temperatures
reach
45oF)
through
the
end
of
May.
Potatoes
are
harvested
roughly
90
days
after
planting,
beginning
in
late
August
and
continuing
through
October
(
USDA,
2002).
Row
spacing
is
generally
32
to
36
inches,
with
rows
8­
16
inches
apart.
Potatoes
are
generally
grown
once
every
three
years
on
the
same
field
to
limit
disease
pressures
(
Willem
Schrage,
Minnesota
Dept.
of
Agriculture).
While
a
"
significant
portion"
of
MN
potato
acres
are
irrigated
(
USDA,
2002),
irrigation
generally
occurs
on
coarse­
textured
(
sandy
loams
or
loamy
sands)
soils
low
in
organic
matter
(
USDA,
2000b).
Potatoes
and
sugar
beets
may
be
grown
on
the
same
soils,
but
do
not
follow
each
other
in
a
rotation
because
of
the
depletion
of
moisture
(
USDA,
2000b).

While
the
ideal
potato
soils
are
sandy­
loam
textured,
fertile
fine­
to
mediumtextured
soils
are
also
appropriate
for
potato
production
(
USDA,
2002).
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
benchmark
soil,
Bearden
silty
clay
loam.
This
is
the
same
soil
used
for
the
sugar
beet
scenario.
Bearden
silty
clay
loam,
is
a
fine­
silty,
mixed,
superactive,
frigid
Aeric
Calciaquolls.
These
soils
are
nearly
all
under
cultivation
to
small
grains,
especially
alfalfa,
and
row
crops
(
i.
e.,
sugar
beets).
Bearden
silty
clay
loam
is
a
very
deep,
somewhat
poorly
drained,
slowly
permeable
soil
with
negligible
to
high
runoff.
A
seasonal
high
water
table
is
at
depths
of
1.5
to
3.5
feet
as
some
time
during
the
period
of
April
to
June.
These
soils
formed
in
calcareous
silt
loam
and
silty
clay
loam
lacustrine
sediments.
They
are
generally
found
on
glacial
lake
plains
at
elevations
from
650
to
2000
feet
above
mean
sea
level
on
slopes
of
0
to
3
percent.
Bearden
silty
clay
loam
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.
The
series
is
of
large
extent
in
Minnesota,
North
Dakota,
and
South
Dakota.
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
80
of
120
PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Polk
County,
Minnesota
 
Potatoes
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
 
Fargo,
ND
(
W14914)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Fargo,
ND
(
W14914)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.75
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.50
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
12.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.28
tons
EI­
1*
GLEAMS
Table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)

USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.17
GLEAMS
Table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)

USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
0.5
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)

NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
1.5%
Selected
according
to
QA/
QC
Guidance
(
EPA,
2001)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992)

Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
 
Fargo,
ND
(
W14914)
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.1
PRZM
Table
5.4
(
EPA,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
60
cm
http://
www.
css.
orst.
edu/
Classes/
CSS322/
Growing.
htm
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992);
Dr.
Mohamed
Kahn;
NDSU
(
701)
231_
8596;
Larry
Smith
U
of
MN
(
218)
281_
8602.
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
PRZM
Input
Collator,
PIC
(
Burns,
1992)

Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
15/
05
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
06/
09
Based
on
beginning
of
most
active
planting
dates
(
May
8
 
May
31)
and
harvest
dates
(
Sep
16
 
Oct
12)
for
potatoes
in
MN,
adding
7
days
for
emergence
and
10
days
between
maturity
&
harvest
(
USDA
1997)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
81
of
120
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
15/
09
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
91,
85,
87
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Fallow
=
SR/
poor;
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crop,
SR/
poor
condition
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.014
RUSLE
Project:
F86PIPIC
 
Potatoes,
Conventional
tillage,
Fargo,
ND
(
USDA,
2000a)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
.649
.774
.808
.816
.740
.441
.349
.233
.055
.056
.050
.496
.530
.565
.581
.588
.587
.586
.584
.583
.581
.579
.577
.580
.590
.612
.638
.639
RUSLE
Project:
F86PIPIC
 
Potatoes,
Conventional
tillage,
Fargo,
ND
(
USDA,
2000a).
Order
of
C
factors
revised
to
follow
crop
emergence
sequence
(
May
16
 
1605
 
is
the
beginning
date)

Bearden
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
4
(
3
Base,
Top
horizon
split
in
two)
PIC
(
Burns,
1992)
Confirmed
with:
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
8
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
54
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
28
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.4
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
1,
2)
1.5
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
3)
1.8
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
4)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.377
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
1,
2)
0.292
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
3)
0.285
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
4)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
1)
2.0
cm
(
HORIZN
2,3,4)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.377
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
1,
2)
0.292
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
3)
0.285
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
4)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.207
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
1,2)
0.132
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
3)
0.125
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
4)
PIC
(
Burns,
1992)
Confirmed
with:
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)
NOTE:
Used
same
soil
parameters
as
used
for
MN
Sugar
Beets
scenario
since
the
scenarios
are
based
on
the
same
benchmark
soil
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
82
of
120
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
4.06%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.174%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.116%
(
HORIZN
=
4)

2.
Minnesota
Sugar
Beets
(
MNsugarbeetC)

The
field
used
to
represent
sugar
beet
production
in
Minnesota
is
located
in
Polk
County,
in
the
Red
River
Valley
(
MLRA
56).
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
Minnesota
ranked
1st
in
production
and
acreage
of
sugar
beets
in
the
U.
S.
The
crop
is
generally
planted
the
late
spring
and
harvested
beginning
in
October.
Row
spacing
is
generally
30
inches.
Row
canopies
tend
to
be
very
close
to
100
percent,
while
the
canopy
between
rows
is
much
less.
The
crop
may
be
grown
under
irrigation
by
furrow,
canal,
or
center
pivot
systems.
However,
sugar
beets
grown
in
the
Red
River
Valley
do
not
need
to
be
irrigated.

The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
benchmark
soil,
Bearden
silty
clay
loam.
Bearden
silty
clay
loam,
is
a
fine­
silty,
mixed,
superactive,
frigid
Aeric
Calciaquolls.
These
soils
are
nearly
all
under
cultivation
to
small
grains,
especially
alfalfa,
and
row
crops
(
i.
e.,
sugar
beets).
Bearden
silty
clay
loam
is
a
very
deep,
somewhat
poorly
drained,
slowly
permeable
soil
with
negligible
to
high
runoff.
A
seasonal
high
water
table
is
at
depths
of
1.5
to
3.5
feet
as
some
time
during
the
period
of
April
to
June.
These
soils
formed
in
calcareous
silt
loam
and
silty
clay
loam
lacustrine
sediments.
They
are
generally
found
on
glacial
lake
plains
at
elevations
from
650
to
2000
feet
above
mean
sea
level
on
slopes
of
0
to
3
percent.
Bearden
silty
clay
loam
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.
The
series
is
of
large
extent
in
Minnesota,
North
Dakota,
and
South
Dakota.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Polk
County,
Minnesota
­
Sugar
Beets
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Fargo,
ND
(
W14914)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Fargo,
ND
(
W14914)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.75
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.50
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)
Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
12.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.28
tons
EI­
1*
GLEAMS
Table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.17
GLEAMS
Table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
0.5
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
83
of
120
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
1.5%
Selected
according
to
QA/
QC
Guidance
(
EPA,
2001)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992)

Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
­
Fargo,
ND
(
W14914)
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.2
PRZM
Table
5.4
(
EPA,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
100
cm
Set
to
soil
profile
depth.
Roots
can
be
as
much
as
8
feet
deep.
Dr.
Mohamed
Kahn;
NDSU
(
701)
231_
8596;
Larry
Smith
U
of
MN
(
218)
281_
8602.
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992);
Dr.
Mohamed
Kahn;
NDSU
(
701)
231_
8596;
Larry
Smith
U
of
MN
(
218)
281_
8602.
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
PRZM
Input
Collator,
PIC
(
Burns,
1992)

Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
11/
05
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
01/
10
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
15/
10
Usual
Planting
and
Harvest
Dates
for
US
Field
Crops
(
USDA,
1984)
&
Updated
Crop
Stage
Information
from
HED
(
Bernard
Schneider)

Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
91,
85,
87
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Fallow
=
SR/
poor;
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crop,
SR/
poor
condition
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.014
RUSLE
Project,
F86SUSUC);
Sugar
beets,
Conventional
tillage,
Fargo,
ND
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.017
­
0.638
RUSLE
Project;
F86SUSUC);
Sugar
beets,
Conventional
tillage,
Fargo,
ND
(
USDA,
2000)
Soil
Parameters
­
Bearden
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
4
(
3
Base,
Top
horizon
split
in
two)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
8
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
54
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
28
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
84
of
120
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.4
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
1.5
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1.8
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.377
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
0.292
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.285
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2.0
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3,4)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.377
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
0.292
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.285
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.207
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.132
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.125
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
4.06%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.174%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.116%
(
HORIZN
=
4)

3.
North
Dakota
Wheat
(
NDwheatC)

The
field
used
to
represent
wheat
production
in
North
Dakota
is
located
in
Cass
County
in
the
Red
River
Valley.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
North
Dakota
is
ranked
1st
in
the
production
of
both
durum
and
spring
wheat
in
the
U.
S.
The
crop
is
generally
planted
in
the
Spring
(
late
April
to
the
end
of
May)
and
harvested
beginning
in
August.
Continuous
wheat
is
practice
is
much
of
the
region.
Conventional
tillage
is
used
but
requires
greater
seedbed
preparation.
No­
till
and
reduced
tillage
systems
are
designed
for
use
in
high
residue
conditions.
Row
spacing
ranges
from
6
to
9
inches
with
seeds
planted
at
a
depth
of
2
inches
or
less.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
benchmark
soil,
Bearden
silty
clay
loam.
Bearden
silty
clay
loam,
is
a
fine­
silty,
mixed,
superactive,
frigid
Aeric
Calciaquolls.
These
soils
are
nearly
all
under
cultivation
to
small
grains,
especially
alfalfa,
and
row
crops.
Bearden
silty
clay
loam
is
a
very
deep,
somewhat
poorly
drained,
slowly
permeable
soil
with
negligible
to
high
runoff.
These
soils
formed
in
calcareous
silt
loam
and
silty
clay
loam
lacustrine
sediments.
They
are
generally
found
on
glacial
lake
plains
at
elevations
from
650
to
2000
feet
above
mean
sea
level
on
slopes
of
0
to
3
percent.
Bearden
silty
clay
loam
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Cass
County,
North
Dakota
Wheat
Parameter
Value
Source
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
85
of
120
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Fargo,
ND
(
W14914)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Fargo,
ND
(
W14914)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.75
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.5m
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
12.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.28
tons
EI­
1*
GLEAMS
Manual,
table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.17
GLEAMS
Manual,
table
of
Representative
Soils
(
USDA,
1990)
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.0
Set
according
to
guidance
(
EPA,
2001)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
1.5%
Value
mid­
point
of
series
slope
range
(
EPA,
2001)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Set
to
fallow
prior
to
new
crop
planting
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Fargo,
ND
(
W14914)

Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.1
PRZM,
Table
5.4
(
EPA,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
22
cm
PRZM
Manual,
Table
5.9
(
EPA,
1998)

Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100
QA/
QC
Guidance
(
EPA,
2001)

Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
1
Fallow
conditions
after
harvest
in
preparation
for
winter
crop
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
15/
05
Planting
and
Harvesting
dates
for
spring
wheat
adjusted
for
""
C""
value
planting
and
harvesting
date
(
USDA,
1984)
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
25/
07
Planting
and
Harvesting
dates
for
spring
wheat
adjusted
for
""
C""
value
planting
and
harvesting
date
(
USDA,
1984)
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
08/
08
Planting
and
Harvesting
dates
for
spring
wheat
adjusted
for
""
C""
value
planting
and
harvesting
date
(
USDA,
1984)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
86
of
120
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
91,
85,
87
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Fallow
=
SR/
CT
poor;
Cropping
=
Row
Crop
SR/
CT
poor
(
second
number;
Fallow
=
row
crop
SR/
CT
poor
(
3rd
number)
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.014
RUSLE
Project,
F86WSFA
Fargo,
ND
spring
wheat,
fallow,
conventional
tillage
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.036
­
0.617
RUSLE
Project;
F86WSFA
Fargo,
ND
spring
wheat,
fallow,
conventional
tillage
(
USDA,
2000)
Bearden
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
4
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
8
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
54
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
28
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.4
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
1.5
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1.8
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.377
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.292
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.285
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2.0
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3,4)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.377
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.292cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.285
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.207
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.132
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.125
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.74%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.116%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.058%
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
87
of
120
J.
Northwest
/
WA
1.
Washington
Apples
(
WAorchardsCRA)

The
field
used
to
represent
orchard
production
in
Central
Washington
is
representative
of
a
field
in
Grant
county,
located
in
the
Columbia
Basin.
The
meteorological
file,
Yakima,
WA
represents
the
MLRA
region
7,
8.
Washington
produces
53
percent
of
U.
S.
apples,
ranking
first
in
the
U.
S.
Apple
production
in
the
state
of
Washington
occurs
primarily
in
three
regions:
Yakima
Basin,
North
Central,
and
Columbia
Basin.
Various
types
of
apples,
including
red
delicious,
golden
delicious,
pink
lady,
granny
smith,
and
more
are
grown
in
orchards
in
Washington
(
NSF
2001).
Taunton
silt
loam
chosen
from
Grant
county.
This
soil
was
chosen
over
the
Scoon
silt
loam
even
though
more
orchard
crops
are
grown
in
the
Scoon
soil,
since
data
are
available
for
deeper
depths.
This
is
appropriate
due
to
the
large
maximum
rooting
depth
of
apples
and
cherry
trees.
Taunton
silt
loam
is
a
hydrologic
group
C
soil
that
is
classified
as
coarseloamy
mixed,
superactive,
mesic
xeric
Haplodurids.
The
Taunton
series
of
soils
is
moderately
deep
to
duripan,
well
drained
soils
formed
in
alluvium.
These
soils
occur
on
terraces
and
basalt
plains,
fan
terraces
and
mesas
with
slopes
of
0
to
45
percent.
This
soil
type
occurs
in
South­
central
Washington,
north­
central
Oregon
and
Southern
Idaho
where
it
is
used
for
livestock
grazing
and
irrigated
crop
production
(
USDA
2001).

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Grant
County,
Washington
­
Orchard
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Yakima,
Grant
County,
Washington
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Yakima,
Grant
County,
Washington
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.71
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.20
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.55
tons
EI­
1*
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.70
Based
on
slope
taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
,
PRZM
manual
length
400
m,
4%
slope
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.0
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.6
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA
2004)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
88
of
120
Slope
(
SLP)
3.5%
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
(
reservoir)
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA
2004)
Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(.
EPA
2004)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
3
Consulted
extension
agent,
crops
are
rotated
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Based
on
OR
apple
scenario.

Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.

Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
cm
Based
on
OR
apple
scenario.

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
45
cm
Based
on
OR
apple
scenario.

Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
98%
Based
on
OR
apple
scenario.

Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Based
on
OR
apple
scenario.

Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
1/
5/
61
Based
on
OR
apple
scenario.

Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
31/
5/
61
Based
on
OR
apple
scenario.

Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
7/
11/
61
Based
on
OR
apple
scenario.

Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
79,
82,
84
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
(
Hydrological
soil
C)
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
.040
.
RUSLE
Project
(
B060FOFN.
dat)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
89
of
120
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
.004
.005
.006
.006
.009
.010
.011
.011
.011
.010
.009
.008
.006
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.005
.002
.003
.003
.003
RUSLE
Project
(
B060FOFN.
dat)

Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
68
cm
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
4
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
28
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
20
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.25
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.25
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.40
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1.40
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.32
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2,
3)
Field
Capacity
values,
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
5
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.32
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2,
3,
4)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3(
1990)

Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.12
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2,
3,
4)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3(
1990)

Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
0.45%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.45%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.15%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.15%
(
HORIZN
=
4)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/);
Adjusted
using
the
relationship
%
OC
=
0.6x%
Organic
Matter
(
Doucette
2000)

2.
Washington
Beans
(
WAbeansCRA)

The
field
used
to
represent
bean
production
in
Central
Washington
is
located
in
Grant
County
in
the
Columbia
Basin.
The
meteorological
file,
Yakima,
WA
represents
the
MLRA
regions
7
and
8.
Beans
are
planted
in
early
summer
and
harvested
in
September.
For
this
scenario,
Ekrub
fine
sand
was
selected
as
a
representative
soil
type
because
it
supports
bean
crops.
Ekrub
fine
sand
is
a
hydrologic
group
C
soil
that
is
classified
as
sandy­
skeletal,
mixed,
mesic,
shallow
xeric
Haplodurids.
The
Ekrub
series
of
soils
is
shallow,
somewhat
excessively
drained,
formed
in
eolian
sands
overlying
a
lime­
silica
indurated
duripan.
These
soils
occur
on
terraces
with
slopes
of
0
to
25
percent.
This
soil
type
occurs
in
South­
central
Washington
where
itis
mostly
used
for
range
(
USDA
1996).

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Grant
County,
Washington
­
Beans
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
90
of
120
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Yakima,
Grant
County,
Washington
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Yakima,
Grant
County,
Washington
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.71
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.20
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.28
tons
EI­
1*
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
3.6
Based
on
slope
taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
,
PRZM
manual
length
400
m,
12%
slope
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
0.6
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.6
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA
2004)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
12.5%
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
(
reservoir)
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA
2004)
Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(.
EPA
2004)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Consulted
extension
agent,
crops
are
rotated
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
91
of
120
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.1
cm
Taken
from
OR
snap
beans
scenario.

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
18
cm
Taken
from
OR
snap
beans
scenario.

Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
80%
Taken
from
OR
snap
beans
scenario.

Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
1
Taken
from
OR
snap
beans
scenario.

Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
61/
6/
61
Taken
from
OR
snap
beans
scenario.

Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
18/
8/
61
Taken
from
OR
snap
beans
scenario.

Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
2/
9/
61
Taken
from
OR
snap
beans
scenario.

Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
84,
86,
87
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
(
Hydrological
soil
C),
SR
Conservation
Tillage/
poor,
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crop
Contour/
good
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
.011
RUSLE
Project
(
A04ONONC.
dat)
Onion
fields
in
Centralia,
WA
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
.806
.812
.818
.822
.827
.831
.836
.786
.885
.887
.869
.829
.778
.733
.691
.666
.690
.707
.554
.582
.617
.658
.702
.735
.759
.777
.790
.799
RUSLE
Project
(
A04ONONC.
dat)
Onion
fields
in
Centralia,
WA
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
45
cm
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
8
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
22
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
15
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.45
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.55
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.55
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.18
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2,
3)
Field
Capacity
values,
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
5
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.18
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2,
3)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3(
1990)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
92
of
120
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.03
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2,
3)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3(
1990)

Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
0.15%
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2,
3)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/);
Adjusted
using
the
relationship
%
OC
=
0.6x%
Organic
Matter
(
Doucette
2000)

3.
Washington
Onions
(
WAonionsCRA)

The
field
used
to
represent
onion
production
in
Central
Washington
is
representative
of
a
field
in
Grant
county.
The
meteorological
file,
Yakima,
WA
represents
the
MLRA
region
7,
8.
Washington
produces
16.2
percent
of
the
U.
S.
dry
summer
onions,
ranking
third
in
the
U.
S.
Washington
storage
onion
production
is
primairly
in
the
central
part
of
the
state
in
Grant,
Franklin,
Benton
and
Adams
counties.
Onions
are
cool­
season
crops
which
can
grow
in
a
variety
of
soil
types.
Onions
in
Grant
county
are
grown
in
3
to
4
year
rotations
with
carrots,
sweet
corn,
cereals
and
potatoes.
Onions
are
planted
on
beds
in
multiple
rows
(
2­
12).
Seeds
are
planted
1/
4
to
½
inch
deep.
Most
onions
are
irrigated
(
NSF
2003).
For
this
scenario,
Ekrub
fine
sand
was
selected
as
a
representative
soil
type
because
it
supports
onion
crops.
Ekrub
fine
sand
is
a
hydrologic
group
C
soil
that
is
classified
as
sandy­
skeletal,
mixed,
mesic,
shallow
xeric
Haplodurids.
The
Ekrub
series
of
soils
is
shallow,
somewhat
excessively
drained,
formed
in
eolian
sands
overlying
a
lime­
silica
indurated
duripan.
These
soils
occur
on
terraces
with
slopes
of
0
to
25
percent.
This
soil
type
occurs
in
South­
central
Washington
where
it
is
mostly
used
for
range
(
USDA
1996).

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Grant
County,
Washington
­
Onions
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Yakima,
Grant
County,
Washington
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Yakima,
Grant
County,
Washington
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.71
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.20
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD
17
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.28
tons
EI­
1*
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
3.6
Based
on
slope
taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
,
PRZM
manual
length
400
m,
12%
slope
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
0.5
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.6
(
EPA,
1998)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
93
of
120
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA
2004)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
12.5%
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
(
reservoir)
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA
2004)
Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(.
EPA
2004)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Consulted
extension
agent,
crops
are
rotated
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.

Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.5
cm
Taken
from
CA
onion
scenario.

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
35
cm
Taken
from
CA
onion
scenario.

Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
80%
Taken
from
CA
onion
scenario.

Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
1
Taken
from
CA
onion
scenario.

Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
1/
6/
61
Oregon
State
University
Extension
and
Experiment
Station
http://
eesc.
orst.
edu/
agcomwebfile/
edmat/
html/
p
nw546/
pnw546.
html#
anchor256349
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
30/
8/
61
Oregon
State
University
Extension
and
Experiment
Station
http://
eesc.
orst.
edu/
agcomwebfile/
edmat/
html/
p
nw546/
pnw546.
html#
anchor256349
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
10/
9/
61
Oregon
State
University
Extension
and
Experiment
Station
http://
eesc.
orst.
edu/
agcomwebfile/
edmat/
html/
p
nw546/
pnw546.
html#
anchor256349
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
94
of
120
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
84,
86,
87
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
(
Hydrological
soil
C),
SR
Conservation
Tillage/
poor,
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crop
Contour/
good
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
.011
RUSLE
Project
(
A04ONONC.
dat)
Onion
fields
in
Centralia,
WA
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
.806
.812
.818
.822
.827
.831
.836
.786
.885
.887
.869
.829
.778
.733
.691
.666
.690
.707
.554
.582
.617
.658
.702
.735
.759
.777
.790
.799
RUSLE
Project
(
A04ONONC.
dat)
Onion
fields
in
Centralia,
WA
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
45
cm
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
8
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
22
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
15
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.45
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.55
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.55
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.18
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2,
3)
Field
Capacity
values,
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
5
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.18
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2,
3)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)

Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.03
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2,
3)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)

Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
0.15%
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2,
3)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/);
Adjusted
using
the
relationship
%
OC
=
0.6x%
Organic
Matter
(
Doucette
2000)

4.
Washington
Potatoes
(
WApotatoCRA)

The
field
used
to
represent
potato
production
in
Central
Washington
is
located
in
Grant
County
in
the
Columbia
Basin.
The
meteorological
file,
Yakima,
WA
represents
the
MLRA
regions
7
and
8.
Potatoes
are
planted
in
the
spring
and
harvested
in
the
summer
and
fall.
Common
potato
varieties
grown
in
Washington
include
russets,
which
are
grown
for
french
fries
and
fresh
market.
Other
varieties
include
yellow,
red
and
blue
potatoes
(
WSPC
2004).
For
this
scenario,
Scoon
silt
loam
was
selected
as
a
representative
soil
type
because
it
supports
potato
crops
in
Grant
county
in
Washington.
Scoon
silt
loam
is
a
hydrologic
group
D
soil
that
is
classified
as
loamy,
mixed,
superactive,
mesic
and
shallow
Xeric
Haplodurids.
The
Scoon
series
of
soils
is
shallow
to
a
duripan,
well
drained,
and
formed
in
loess
and
silty
alluvium
over
a
duripan.
These
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
95
of
120
soils
occur
on
terraces
and
alluvial
fans
with
slopes
of
0
to
30
percent.
This
soil
type
occurs
on
the
in
South­
central
Washington
and
Southern
Idaho
and
is
mostly
used
for
irrigated
crop
production
and
range
(
USDA
2001).

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Grant
County,
Washington
­
Potato
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Yakima,
Grant
County,
Washington
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Yakima,
Grant
County,
Washington
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.71
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.20
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Parameter
Value
Source
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.55
tons
EI­
1*
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.30
Based
on
slope
taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
,
PRZM
manual
length
400
m,
2%
slope
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
0.3
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.6
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA
2004)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
2.5%
From
http://
soils.
usda.
gov/
official
soil
series
description
(
slope
range
=
0­
1%)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
356
(
pond)
464
(
reservoir)
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA
2004)

Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
96
of
120
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Consulted
extension
agent,
crops
are
rotated
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.

Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.1
cm
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
30
cm
Consulted
extension
agent
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
40%
Consulted
extension
agent
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
PRZM
Manual
(
Carsel
et
al.,
1998)

Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
1/
5/
61
Consulted
extension
agent
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
15/
9/
61
Consulted
extension
agent
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
1/
10/
61
Consulted
extension
agent
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
91,
89,
90
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
(
Hydrological
soil
D)
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
.014
RUSLE
Project
(
A04PIPC.
dat)

USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
.741
.753
.764
.774
.784
.795
.805
.750
.757
.858
.880
.811
.582
.389
.290
.125
.055
.050
.188
.486
.520
.582
.630
.666
.694
.713
.729
RUSLE
Project
(
A04PIPC.
dat)

Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
40
cm
http://
soils.
usda.
gov/
Note:
Only
upper
16
inches
of
soil
had
data
on
physical
properties.
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
5
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
25
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.25
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.25
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.4
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.32
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
Field
Capacity
values,
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
5
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
5
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
97
of
120
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.32
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3(
1990),
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.12
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3(
1990),
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
0.45%
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
0.15%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/);
Adjusted
using
the
relationship
%
OC
=
0.6x%
Organic
Matter
(
Doucette
2000)

5.
Washington
Sweet
Corn
(
WAswcornCRA)

This
scenario
was
developed
specifically
to
fill
in
usage
for
the
N­
methyl
Carbamate
Cumulative
assessment
for
total
NMC
use
in
Grant
County,
WA.
The
scenario
uses
the
climate
and
soil
inputs
from
the
WA
onion
scenario
with
crop
parameters
specific
to
sweet
corn.
The
meteorological
file,
Yakima,
WA,
represents
the
MLRA
region
7,
8.
For
this
scenario,
Ekrub
fine
sand
was
selected
as
a
representative
soil
type
because
it
supports
onion
crops.
Ekrub
fine
sand
is
a
hydrologic
group
C
soil
that
is
classified
as
sandy­
skeletal,
mixed,
mesic,
shallow
xeric
Haplodurids.
The
Ekrub
series
of
soils
is
shallow,
somewhat
excessively
drained,
formed
in
eolian
sands
overlying
a
lime­
silica
indurated
duripan.
These
soils
occur
on
terraces
with
slopes
of
0
to
25
percent.
This
soil
type
occurs
in
South­
central
Washington
where
it
is
mostly
used
for
range
(
USDA
1996).

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Grant
County,
Washington
 
Sweet
Corn
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Yakima,
Grant
County,
Washington
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Yakima,
Grant
County,
Washington
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.71
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.20
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD
17
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.28
tons
EI­
1*
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
3.6
Based
on
slope
taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
,
PRZM
manual
length
400
m,
12%
slope
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
0.5
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.6
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA
2004)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
3
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
98
of
120
Slope
(
SLP)
12.5%
Taken
from
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
(
reservoir)
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA
2004)
Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
From
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(.
EPA
2004)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Consulted
extension
agent,
crops
are
rotated
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.

Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
cm
Taken
from
OR
sweet
corn
scenario.

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
90
cm
Taken
from
OR
sweet
corn
scenario.

Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100%
Taken
from
OR
sweet
corn
scenario.

Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
1
Taken
from
OR
sweet
corn
scenario.

Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
10/
5/
61
Oregon
State
University
Extension
and
Experiment
Station
http://
eesc.
orst.
edu/
agcomwebfile/
edmat/
html/
p
nw546/
pnw546.
html#
anchor256349
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
21/
8/
61
Oregon
State
University
Extension
and
Experiment
Station
http://
eesc.
orst.
edu/
agcomwebfile/
edmat/
html/
p
nw546/
pnw546.
html#
anchor256349
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
10/
9/
61
Oregon
State
University
Extension
and
Experiment
Station
http://
eesc.
orst.
edu/
agcomwebfile/
edmat/
html/
p
nw546/
pnw546.
html#
anchor256349
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
84,
86,
87
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
(
Hydrological
soil
C),
SR
Conservation
Tillage/
poor,
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crop
Contour/
good
(
USDA,
1990)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
99
of
120
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
.011
RUSLE
Project
(
A04ONONC.
dat)
Onion
fields
in
Centralia,
WA
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
.806
.812
.818
.822
.827
.831
.836
.786
.885
.887
.869
.829
.778
.733
.691
.666
.690
.707
.554
.582
.617
.658
.702
.735
.759
.777
.790
.799
RUSLE
Project
(
A04ONONC.
dat)
Onion
fields
in
Centralia,
WA
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
45
cm
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
8
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
22
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
15
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.45
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.55
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.55
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/)

Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.18
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2,
3)
Field
Capacity
values,
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
5
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
PRZM
Scenario
Guidance
(
2004)

Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.18
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2,
3)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)

Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.03
cm3
H20
cm3
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2,
3)
GLEAMS
Table
H­
3
(
1990)

Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
0.15%
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2,
3)
NRCS
Soil
Data
Mart
(
http://
soildatamart.
nrcs.
usda.
gov/);
Adjusted
using
the
relationship
%
OC
=
0.6x%
Organic
Matter
(
Doucette
2000)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
100
of
120
K.
Southeast
Region
Scenario
Documentation
1.
California
Alfalfa
(
CAalfalfa0C)

The
field
used
to
represent
alfalfa
production
in
California
is
located
in
San
Joaquin
County
in
the
Central
Valley,
although
the
crop
is
grown
throughout
the
Central
Valley
and
as
far
south
as
the
Imperial
Valley.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
California
is
ranked
1st
in
pounds
of
alfalfa
hay
harvested
and
among
the
top
10
in
acres
planted.
Alfalfa
is
a
perennial
crop,
planted
early
in
the
year
and
maintained
under
continuous
cultivation
on
a
4­
to
5­
year
cycle
at
which
time
a
new
crop
is
planted..
Planting
depths
range
from
0.25
to
1.0
inches,
depending
on
soil
texture,
on
level
seed
beds.
Row
spacing
is
approximately
30
inches;
nearly
all
alfalfa
is
irrigated
in
California
by
flooding.
Cuttings
range
from
3
to
5
per
year
under
most
conditions.
Alfalfa
prefers
well­
drained
soil
with
a
pH
near
neutral.
Root
systems
rarely
exceed
2
feet
in
California
and
cuttings
occur
when
the
plant
reaches
a
height
of
approximately
30
inches.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
benchmark
soil,
Sacramento
clay.
Sacramento
clay,
is
a
very­
fine,
smectitic,
thermic
Cumulic
Vertic
Endoaquolls.
These
soils
are
often
used
for
alfalfa
cultivation
providing
the
water
table
is
low.
Sacramento
clay
is
a
poorly
to
very
poorly
drained,
slowly
permeable
soil
with
very
slow
to
slow
runoff.
These
soils
formed
in
fine
textured
alluvium
of
mixed
origin
and
are
of
moderate
extent.
They
are
generally
found
in
level
basins
at
elevations
near
sea
level
to
60
feet.
The
soil
is
typical
of
soils
used
for
a
variety
of
row
crops,
rice,
safflower
and
alfalfa.
Sacramento
clay
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
D
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
San
Joaquin
County,
California
­
Alfalfa
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.73
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.45
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
15.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.20
tons
EI­
1*
NRI
­
Average
value
listed
for
the
soil
series
Sacramento
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.19
NRI
­
Average
value
listed
for
the
soil
series
Sacramento
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.00
NRI
­
Average
value
listed
for
the
soil
series
Sacramento
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
101
of
120
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
1
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
2%
Marcia
Campbell­
Matthews;
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension
Agent.
209­
468­
2085
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA.
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Marcia
Campbell­
Matthews;
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension
Agent.
209­
468­
2085
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
Maximum
recommended
value
for
grass
(
EPA,
2001)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
60
cm
Marcia
Campbell­
Matthews;
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension
Agent.
209­
468­
2085
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100
Marcia
Campbell­
Matthews;
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension
Agent.
209­
468­
2085
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
1
Marcia
Campbell­
Matthews;
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension
Agent.
209­
468­
2085
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
10/
01
Value
set
to
approximate
planting
cycle.
Alfalfa
is
planted
one
every
five
years
with
multiple
cuttings
in
every
year
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
28/
12
Value
set
to
approximate
planting
cycle.
Alfalfa
is
planted
one
every
five
years
with
multiple
cuttings
in
every
year
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
31/
12
Value
set
to
approximate
planting
cycle.
Alfalfa
is
planted
one
every
five
years
with
multiple
cuttings
in
every
year
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
90,
88,
89
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Pasture/
Range,
Non­
CNT,
Poor
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.023
RUSLE
Project,
A01OCOCM;
Orchard,
cover
alley,
Mulch
till,
Olympia,
WA
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.046
­
0.221
RUSLE
Project;
A01OCOCM;
Orchard,
cover
alley,
Mulch
till,
Olympia,
WA.
Variable
with
date
(
USDA,
2000)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
102
of
120
Sacramento
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
176
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
4
(
Top
horizon
split
in
two)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
8
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
157
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.43
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
1.29
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
1.48
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.42
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
0.44
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.39
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
4.0
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3,4)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.44
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,
2)
0.42
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
0.39
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.36
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2,3)
0.3
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
4)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
1.77%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.84%
(
HORIZN
=
3,4)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)

2.
California
Citrus
(
CAcitrus0C)

The
field
used
to
represent
citrus
production
in
California
is
located
in
Fresno
County
in
the
Central
Valley,
although
citrus
production
areas
are
quite
extensive
(
San
Joaquin,
Coastal­
Intermediate
Region,
Imperial
Valley,
Coachella
Valley,
and
the
Southern
Interior
Region).
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
California
is
the
major
producer
of
citrus
(
lemons
and
oranges)
for
the
fresh
market,
and
among
the
highest
producers
in
other
citrus
(
grapefruit,
tangerines,
tangelos,
and
mandarins).
Citrus
is
generally
grown
on
the
foothills
to
avoid
frost
damage.
Areas
under
and
between
rows
of
trees
are
generally
non­
cultivated/
non­
maintained.
Row
spacing
is
approximately
22
feet
and
between
tree
spacing
is
approximately
18
feet.
Row
canopies
tend
to
be
100
percent,
while
the
canopy
between
rows
is
less
to
permit
the
operation
of
maintenance
and
harvest
equipment.
Irrigation
is
mostly
by
low­
volume
drip
or
micro­
sprinkler
systems,
although
furrow
and
overhead
sprinklers
are
also
used.
The
soil
selected
to
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
103
of
120
simulate
the
field
is
a
benchmark
soil,
Exeter
loam.
Exeter
loam,
is
a
fine­
loamy,
mixed,
superactive,
thermic
Typic
Durixeralfs.
These
soils
are
often
used
for
citrus
production
under
irrigation.
Exeter
loam
is
a
moderately
deep,
moderately
well
drained,
very
slow
to
medium
runoff
soil
that
formed
in
alluvium
mainly
from
granite
sources.
The
soil
also
consists
of
a
duripan.
The
Exeter
loam
has
moderately
slow
permeability
above
the
duripan
and
very
slow
permeability
within
the
duripan.
These
soil
are
generally
found
on
alluvial
fans
and
stream
terraces
at
elevations
of
up
to
700
feet
above
mean
sea
level
and
have
slopes
of
0
to
9
percent.
The
soil
is
extensive
in
MLRA
17.
Exeter
loam
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Fresno
County,
California
­
Citrus
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.7
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.55
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.28
tons
EI­
1*
NRI
­
Average
value
listed
for
the
soil
series
Exeter
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.21
NRI
­
Average
value
listed
for
the
soil
series
Exeter
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.0
NRI
­
Average
value
listed
for
the
soil
series
Exeter
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
1
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
5%
Mark
Freeman,
Fresno
County
Cooperative
Extension
Agent.
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
104
of
120
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
3
Mark
Freeman,
Fresno
County
Cooperative
Extension
Agent.
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
Maximum
recommended
value
for
grass
(
EPA,
2001)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
60
cm
Mark
Freeman,
Fresno
County
Cooperative
Extension
Agent.
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
80
Mark
Freeman,
Fresno
County
Cooperative
Extension
Agent.
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Mark
Freeman,
Fresno
County
Cooperative
Extension
Agent.
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
02/
01
Value
set
to
a
default
evergreen
cycle
with
no
specific
crop
growth
milestone
such
as
flowering
of
fruit
set.
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
03/
01
Value
set
to
a
default
evergreen
cycle
with
no
specific
crop
growth
milestone
such
as
flowering
of
fruit
set.
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
31/
12
Value
set
to
a
default
evergreen
cycle
with
no
specific
crop
growth
milestone
such
as
flowering
of
fruit
set.
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
84,
79,
82
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Meadows,
no
fallow
conditions
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.023
RUSLE
Project;
D26CCCCM
for
cover
alley
citrus
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.096
­
0.150
RUSLE
Project;
Variable
with
date,
D26CCCCM
for
cover
alley
citrus
(
USDA,
2000)
Exeter
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
183
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
2
(
Base
horizons)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
173
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.59
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.76
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.16
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.2
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.16
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.2
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
105
of
120
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.06
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.11
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
0.46%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.19%
(
HORIZN
=
2)

3.
California
Cotton
(
CAcotton0C)

The
field
used
to
represent
cotton
production
in
California
is
located
in
Fresno
County
in
the
Central
Valley,
although
cotton
production
occurs
throughout
the
Central
Valley.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
California
is
the
major
producer
of
cotton
in
the
U.
S.
Cotton
is
generally
grown
on
the
alluvial
fans
and
basin
rims
by
both
dry
and
wet
seeded
methods.
Row
spacing
and
planting
depths
are
consistent
with
other
cotton
growing
regions
of
the
U.
S.
Both
standard
(
30­
inch)
and
ultra­
narrow
(
20­
inch)
row
spacing
are
used.
Irrigation
is
mostly
by
flooding.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
Twisselman
clay.
Twisselman
clay
is
a
fine,
mixed,
calcareous,
thermic
Typic
Torriorthents.
These
soils
are
often
used
for
cotton
production
under
irrigation.
Twisselman
clay
is
a
deep,
well
drained,
slow
to
medium
runoff,
slowly
permeable
(
very
slow
in
saline­
alkali
phases)
soil
that
formed
in
alluvium
mainly
from
sedimentary
rock
sources.
These
soil
are
generally
found
on
alluvial
fans
and
basin
rims
at
elevations
of
200
to
1,000
feet
above
mean
sea
level
and
have
slopes
of
0
to
5
percent.
The
soil
is
of
moderate
extent.
Twisselman
clay
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Fresno
County,
California
­
Cotton
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.7
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.5
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.21
tons
EI­
1*
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992)
and
FARM
Manual
(
EPA,
1985)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.02
Haan
and
Barfield,
1979
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.0
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
1
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
106
of
120
Slope
(
SLP)
2.5%
Mid­
point
of
soil
series
range
(
EPA,
2001)
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Kerry
Arroues
USDA_
NRCS
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
­

Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.2
PIC;
confirmed
using
Table
5.4
from
PRZM
Manual
(
Burns,
1992
and
EPA,
1985)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
65
cm
Kerry
Arroues
USDA_
NRCS
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100
Kerry
Arroues
USDA_
NRCS
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Kerry
Arroues
USDA_
NRCS
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
05/
05
Usual
Planting
and
Harvesting
Dates
for
U.
S.
Field
Crops
(
USDA,
1984)
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
03/
01
Usual
Planting
and
Harvesting
Dates
for
U.
S.
Field
Crops
(
USDA,
1984)

Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
11/
11
Usual
Planting
and
Harvesting
Dates
for
U.
S.
Field
Crops
(
USDA,
1984)
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
89,
86,
87
Set
to
MS
Cotton
values.
Field
validated
curve
numbers.
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.023
RUSLE
Project;
C23CTCTC;
Cotton,
conventional
tillage,
Fresno
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.54
­
0.412
RUSLE
Project;
C23CTCTC;
Cotton,
conventional
tillage,
Fresno,
Variable
with
date
(
USDA,
2000)
Twisselman
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
100
cm
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
107
of
120
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
(
Top
horizon
split
in
two)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
26
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
64
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.45
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.5
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.6
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.36
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.317
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2,3)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.36
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.317
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.22
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.197
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
0.29%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.174%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)

Ed
Russell
(
USDA_
NRCS,
Fresno)

4.
California
Fruit
Trees
(
CAfruit0C)

The
field
used
to
represent
non­
citrus
fruit
production
in
California
is
located
in
Fresno
County
in
the
Central
Valley,
although
non­
citrus
fruit
production
covers
most
of
the
central
portion
of
the
state,
but
mainly
on
Eastern
slopes.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
California
is
the
major
producer
of
peaches,
plums/
prunes,
and
kiwi
for
the
fresh
market,
and
among
the
highest
producers
in
other
non­
citrus
fruit
such
as
pears
and
apples.
Areas
under
and
between
rows
of
trees
may
or
may
not
be
maintained
depending
on
the
location.
Row
spacing
varies
depending
on
the
fruit
tree
(
from
approximately
15
to
25
feet)
as
does
the
tree
spacing
(
approximately
12
to
20
or
more
feet).
Row
canopies
tend
to
be
very
close
to
100
percent,
while
the
canopy
between
rows
is
much
less
to
permit
the
operation
of
maintenance
and
harvest
equipment.
Irrigation
is
by
furrow
and
flood
for
most
crops,
but
low­
volume
drip
or
micro­
sprinkler
systems
are
growing
in
popularity.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
benchmark
soil,
Exeter
loam.
Exeter
loam,
is
a
fine­
loamy,
mixed,
superactive,
thermic
Typic
Durixeralfs.
These
soils
are
often
used
for
citrus
production
under
irrigation.
Exeter
loam
is
a
moderately
deep,
moderately
well
drained,
very
slow
to
medium
runoff
soil
that
formed
in
alluvium
mainly
from
granite
sources.
The
soil
also
consists
of
a
duripan.
The
Exeter
loam
has
moderately
slow
permeability
above
the
duripan
and
very
slow
permeability
within
the
duripan.
These
soil
are
generally
found
on
alluvial
fans
and
stream
terraces
at
elevations
of
up
to
700
feet
above
mean
sea
level
and
have
slopes
of
0
to
9
percent.
The
soil
is
extensive
in
MLRA
17.
Exeter
loam
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
108
of
120
PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Fresno
County,
California
­
Fruit
(
non­
Citrus)
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.73
Kurt
Hembree
(
559.456.7556),
UC
Cooperative
Extension
Office,
Fresno
County
Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.0
cm
C­
1
Kurt
Hembree
(
559.456.7556),
UC
Cooperative
Extension
Office,
Fresno
County
Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.34
tons
EI­
1*
NRI
­
Average
value
listed
for
the
soil
series
Exeter
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.018
NRI
­
Average
value
listed
for
the
soil
series
Exeter
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.0
NRI
­
Average
value
listed
for
the
soil
series
Exeter
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
2
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998);
based
on
crops
grown
on
Eastern
side
of
slopes.
Slope
(
SLP)
9%
Kurt
Hembree
(
559.456.7556),
UC
Cooperative
Extension
Office,
Fresno
County
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Mark
Freeman,
Fresno
County
Cooperative
Extension
Agent.
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
Maximum
recommended
value
for
grass
(
EPA,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
109
of
120
Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
30
cm
Mark
Freeman,
Fresno
County
Cooperative
Extension
Agent.
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
90
Mark
Freeman,
Fresno
County
Cooperative
Extension
Agent.
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Mark
Freeman,
Fresno
County
Cooperative
Extension
Agent.
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
21/
01
Value
set
to
a
dates
for
plums
based
on
Health
Effects
Division
information
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
21/
06
Value
set
to
a
dates
for
plums
based
on
Health
Effects
Division
information
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
01/
08
Value
set
to
a
dates
for
plums
based
on
Health
Effects
Division
information
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
84,
79,
82
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Meadows,
no
fallow
conditions
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.023
RUSLE
Project;
C21OCOCM
for
orchards,
covered
alley
in
Sacramento
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.034
­
0.221
RUSLE
Project;
Variable
with
date,
C21OCOCM
for
orchards,
covered
alley
in
Sacramento
(
USDA,
2000)
Exeter
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
183
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
2
(
Base
horizons)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
173
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.59
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.76
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.16
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.2
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.16
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.2
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.06
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.11
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
0.46%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.19%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
110
of
120
5.
California
Grapes
(
CAgrapesC)

The
field
used
to
represent
grape
production
in
California
is
located
in
Southern
San
Joaquin
Valley.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
California
is
the
major
producer
of
table,
wine,
and
raisin
grapes
with
85
percent
of
California's
production
in
the
San
Joaquin
Valley
and
the
bulk
of
the
remainder
in
the
Coachella
Valley.
Grapes
need
at
least
3
ft
of
well
drained
soil,
and
are
typically
grown
on
sandy
or
sandy
loam
soils.
Vine
rows
are
usually
kept
weed
free,
but
there
is
some
growth
in
the
winter.
Surface
soil
around
the
vine
row
is
usually
sealed,
but
some
plants
can
grow
between
vine
rows.
The
soil
between
rows
is
usually
disked.
Row
spacing
varies
depending
on
the
terrain.
Canopies
between
rows
tend
to
be
much
less
than
100
percent,
while
the
canopy
along
the
rows
is
100
percent.
Irrigation
is
mainly
by
drip
irrigation,
but
some
vineyards
continue
to
use
sprinkler
systems.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
benchmark
soil,
San
Joaquin
loam.
San
Joaquin
loam,
is
a
fine,
mixed,
active,
thermic
Abruptic
Durixeralfs.
These
soils
are
often
used
for
vineyards,
fruit
and
nut
production
under
irrigation.
San
Joaquin
loam
is
a
moderately
deep,
well
and
moderately
well
drained,
medium
to
very
high
runoff
soil
that
formed
in
alluvium
mainly
from
granite
sources.
The
soil
also
consists
of
a
duripan.
The
San
Joaquin
loam
has
very
slow
permeability
above
the
duripan
and
very
slow
permeability
within
the
duripan.
Some
areas
are
subject
to
flooding.
These
soil
are
generally
found
on
undulating
terraces
at
elevations
from
50
to
500
feet
above
mean
sea
level
and
have
slopes
of
0
to
9
percent.
The
soil
is
extensive
in
MLRA
17
along
the
Eastern
slopes
of
the
Sacramento
and
San
Joaquin
Valleys.
San
Joaquin
loam
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
San
Joaquin
Valley,
California
­
Grapes
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.7
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.55
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.28
tons
EI­
1*
NRI
­
Average
value
listed
for
the
soil
series
San
Joaquin
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.2
NRI
­
Average
value
listed
for
the
soil
series
San
Joaquin
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.0
NRI
­
Average
value
listed
for
the
soil
series
San
Joaquin
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
1
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998);
based
on
crops
grown
on
Eastern
side
of
slopes.
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
111
of
120
Slope
(
SLP)
2%
Paul
Verdegaal,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension
209_
468_
9494
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
3
Paul
Verdegaal,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension
209_
468_
9494
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
Maximum
recommended
value
for
grass
(
EPA,
2001)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
100
cm
Paul
Verdegaal,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension
209_
468_
9494
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
70
Paul
Verdegaal,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension
209_
468_
9494
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
3
Paul
Verdegaal,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension
209_
468_
9494
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
01/
02
Paul
Verdegaal,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension
209_
468_
9494
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
15/
08
Paul
Verdegaal,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension
209_
468_
9494
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
31/
08
Paul
Verdegaal,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension
209_
468_
9494
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
84,
79,
82
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Meadows,
no
fallow
conditions
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.023
RUSLE
Project;
C21GBGBC
for
grapes,
Sacramento,
bare
ground
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.274
­
0.517
RUSLE
Project;
Variable
with
date,
C21GBGBC
for
grapes,
Sacramento,
bare
ground
(
USDA,
2000)
San
Joaquin
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
340
cm
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
112
of
120
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
2
(
Base
horizons)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
330
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.84
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.6
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.21
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.28
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
5
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.21
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.28
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.1
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.15
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
0.72%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.16%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)

6.
California
Vegetables:
Root
&
Bulb
crops
 
Carrots
(
CAcarrot0CRA),
Garlic
(
CAgarlic0CRA),
Onion
(
CAonion0C)

These
scenarios
were
adapted
for
the
N­
Methyl
Carbamate
cumulative
assessment,
using
the
weather,
runoff,
and
soil
parameters
from
the
CA
onion
scenario,
changing
the
scenarios
to
reflect
crop­
specific
parameters
for
carrots
and
garlic.
All
parameters
are
the
same
for
these
scenarios,
except
where
noted
in
the
table
below.

The
field
used
to
represent
onion
production
in
California
is
located
in
Kern
County
in
the
San
Joaquin
Valley,
although
onion
production
areas
are
quite
extensive
(
San
Joaquin,
Coastal­
Intermediate
Region,
Imperial
Valley,
southern
and
central
coastal
regions,
the
high
desert
areas
of
Los
Angeles
County
and
the
northern
mountain
valleys).
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
California
is
the
major
producer
of
onions
for
the
market.
Bulb
onions
are
planted
from
September
through
May
and
harvesting
begins
in
April
or
May
and
completed
by
September.
Onions
are
cools
season,
biennial
plants
that
are
commercially
grown
as
an
annual.
Most
onions
are
direct
seeded,
but
transplants
are
used
in
some
fall
planted
fields
for
an
earlier
harvest
of
short­
day
and
intermediate­
day
varieties
and
to
achieve
uniform
,
jumbo­
sized
bulbs.
Seeds
are
planted
uniformly
at
2
to
3
inches
between
plants
in
a
row.
Onions
are
most
commonly
grown
in
multiple
rows
on
raised
beds
40
to
42
inches
wide,
but
some
production
areas
use
36­
inch
wide
beds
or
beds
of
60
to
80
inches.
Distribution
of
rows
across
beds
varies
depending
on
irrigation
method
and
planter.
With
drip
and
sprinkler
irrigation
(
most
common
types),
rows
are
spaced
equidistant
across
the
bed
at
approximately
4­
inch
intervals.
When
furrow
irrigation
is
used,
the
center
of
the
bed
is
left
vacant
for
salt
accumulation
with
2
or
3
rows
planted
on
either
side.
Plant
canopy
can
approach
100
percent
in
some
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
113
of
120
narrow
row
fields
grown
under
drip
irrigation.
Irrigation
is
required
to
avoid
seed
or
plant
dry
out.
Generally
24
to
36
inches
of
irrigated
water
per
year
is
sufficient.
Onions
can
grow
on
a
wide
range
of
soils.

Garlic
is
grown
in
the
desert
valleys,
central
coast,
and
San
Joaquin
Valley
of
California.
It
is
typically
planted
in
the
fall
(
mid­
September
through
November)
and
matures
in
late
spring
in
the
desert
valleys
and
mid­
summer
in
the
central
coast
and
San
Joaquin
Valley
(
UC
Davis,
1976.
Growing
Garlic
in
California).
Garlic
is
generally
ready
to
harvest
one
month
after
maturity.

California
is
the
top
carrot­
producing
state
in
the
United
States
and
the
San
Joaquin
Valley
/
Kern
County
is
the
largest
carrot­
producing
region
in
the
state,
accounting
for
75%
of
acreage
(
USDA
Crop
Profile
for
Carrots
in
California).
Carrots
may
be
planted
in
December
to
March
or
in
July
to
September.
Harvest
dates
are
from
May
to
July
for
the
winter
planting
and
from
November
to
February
for
the
late
summer
planting.

The
soil
selected
to
represent
the
field
is
Ciervo
clay.
Ciervo
clay,
is
a
fine,
semetic,
thermic
Vertic
Haplocambids.
These
soils
are
often
used
for
onion
and
other
truck
crop
production
under
irrigation.
Ciervo
clay
is
a
very
deep,
moderately
well
drained,
medium
to
high
runoff
soil
on
fan
skirts
that
formed
in
alluvium
mainly
from
sedimentary
rocks
at
elevation
of
170
to
735
feet
above
mean
sea
level.
The
Ciervo
clay
has
very
slow
permeability.
Slopes
range
from
0
to
2
percent.
The
soil
is
of
large
extent
in
MLRA
17.
Ciervo
clay
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
D
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Kern
County,
California
 
Bulb
and
Root
Crops
(
Onion,
Garlic,
Carrot)
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.7
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.55
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.21
tons
EI­
1*
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992)
and
FARM
Manual
(
EPA,
1985)
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.303
Haan
and
Barfield,
1979
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
0.5
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
1
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
114
of
120
Slope
(
SLP)
1%
Mid­
point
of
the
Soil
Series,
Ciervo
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Default
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.05
PRZM
Input
Collator
(
Burns,
1992)

30
cm
(
onion)
Voss,
R.
E.
Fresh
Market
Bulb
Onion
Production
in
California.
U.
fo
CA
Publication
7242.
1999.
45
cm
(
garlic)
Rooting
depth
averages
18­
24
inches
(
USDA
crop
profile
for
Garlic
in
CA)
Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)

35
cm
(
carrot)
Confirmed
by
R.
E.
Voss
UC
Publ
7242
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
80
Estimated
based
on
aerial
photography
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
1
Voss,
R.
E.
1999.
Fresh
Market
Bulb
Onion
Production
in
California.
U.
fo
CA
Publication
7242.
11/
01
(
0nion)
PIC
Recommended
dates
adjusted
according
to
RUSLE
Project
planting
dates.
01/
10
(
Garlic)
Garlic
typically
planted
mid­
Sept
through
Nov
(
USDA
Crop
Profile,
2004)
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)

01/
08
(
Carrot)
Based
on
Jul­
Sep
planting
window;
also
planted
Dec­
Mar
(
USDA
Crop
Profile)
01/
06
(
Onion)
PIC
Recommended
dates
adjusted
according
to
RUSLE
Project
planting
dates.
01/
06
(
Onion)
Garlic
bulbs
mature
in
late
spring
in
desert
valleys,
midsummer
in
central
coast,
San
Joaquin
Valley
(
UC
Davis,
Growing
Garlic
in
CA,
1976)
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)

01/
11
(
Carrot)
Maturity
set
to
coincide
with
harvest
window
(
2
weeks
between)
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
15/
06
(
Onion)
PIC
Recommended
dates
adjusted
according
to
RUSLE
Project
planting
dates.
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
115
of
120
01/
07
(
Garlic)
Typical
harvest
dates
July­
Sep
(
WA
crop
profile);
generally
ready
to
harvest
1
mo
after
maturity
(
CA
crop
profile)
15/
11
(
Carrot)
Nov­
Feb
harvest
window
for
winter
planting;
also
May­
Jul
harvest
(
USDA
Crop
Profile)
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
92,
85,
86
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Meadows,
no
fallow
conditions
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.011
RUSLE
Project;
C23ONONC;
Onions,
Fresno
CA
Conventional
Tillage
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.521
­
0.732
RUSLE
Project;
C23ONONC;
Onions,
Fresno
CA
Conventional
Tillage
(
USDA,
2000)
Ciervo
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
150
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
(
Base
horizons)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
12
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
50
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
88
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.40
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.36
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
1.17
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.259
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.266
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.345
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.0
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
2.0
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.259
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.266
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.345
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.15
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.158
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.202
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
0.91%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.43%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
0.32%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
116
of
120
7.
California
Sugar
Beets
(
CAsugarbeet0C)

The
field
used
to
represent
sugar
beet
production
in
California
is
located
in
the
Central
Valley,
although
sugar
beet
production
covers
diverse
climates.
The
major
production
areas
are
in
the
Kalmuth
Basin
and
Imperial
Valley.
According
to
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
California
ranked
4th
among
producers
of
sugar
beets
in
the
U.
S..
Sugar
beets
are
planted
almost
every
month
somewhere
in
the
state
and
are
generally
grown
in
rotation.
Production
concentrates
on
heavy
clay
and
clay
loam
soil
and
are
irrigated
by
both
furrow
or
sprinkler
systems.
Areas
between
rows
of
plants
may
or
may
not
be
maintained.
Row
spacing
is
generally
30­
inches.
Row
canopies
tend
to
be
very
close
to
100
percent,
while
the
canopy
between
rows
is
much
less.
The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
benchmark
soil,
Exeter
loam.
Exeter
loam,
is
a
fine­
loamy,
mixed,
superactive,
thermic
Typic
Durixeralfs.
These
soils
are
often
used
for
citrus
production
under
irrigation.
Exeter
loam
is
a
moderately
deep,
moderately
well
drained,
very
slow
to
medium
runoff
soil
that
formed
in
alluvium
mainly
from
granite
sources.
The
soil
also
consists
of
a
duripan.
The
Exeter
loam
has
moderately
slow
permeability
above
the
duripan
and
very
slow
permeability
within
the
duripan.
These
soil
are
generally
found
on
alluvial
fans
and
stream
terraces
at
elevations
of
up
to
700
feet
above
mean
sea
level
and
have
slopes
of
0
to
9
percent.
The
soil
is
extensive
in
MLRA
17.
Exeter
loam
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
C
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Central
Valley,
California
­
Sugar
beets
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.75
Kurt
Hembree
(
559.456.7556),
UC
Cooperative
Extension
Office,
Fresno
County
Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.0
cm
C­
1
Kurt
Hembree
(
559.456.7556),
UC
Cooperative
Extension
Office,
Fresno
County
Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.34
tons
EI­
1*
FARM
Manual,
Table
A3
(
EPA,
1985)

USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.0054
Haan
and
Barfield,
1979
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.0
Per
QA/
QC
Guidance
(
EPA,
2001)

Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
1
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998);
based
on
crops
grown
on
Eastern
side
of
slopes.
Slope
(
SLP)
2%
Kurt
Hembree
(
559.456.7556),
UC
Cooperative
Extension
Office,
Fresno
County
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
117
of
120
Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Kurt
Hembree
(
559.456.7556),
UC
Cooperative
Extension
Office,
Fresno
County
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.25
PRZM,
Table
5.4
(
EPA,
1998)

Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
90
cm
Kurt
Hembree
(
559.456.7556),
UC
Cooperative
Extension
Office,
Fresno
County
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
100
Kurt
Hembree
(
559.456.7556),
UC
Cooperative
Extension
Office,
Fresno
County
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
1
Kurt
Hembree
(
559.456.7556),
UC
Cooperative
Extension
Office,
Fresno
County
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
01/
02
Kurt
Hembree
(
559.456.7556),
UC
Cooperative
Extension
Office,
Fresno
County
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
31/
05
Kurt
Hembree
(
559.456.7556),
UC
Cooperative
Extension
Office,
Fresno
County
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
01/
08
Kurt
Hembree
(
559.456.7556),
UC
Cooperative
Extension
Office,
Fresno
County
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
89,
86,
87
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Fallow
SR/
CT/
poor,
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crop
SR/
CT/
poor
(
USDA,
1990)
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.014
RUSLE
Project;
C21SUSUC
Sacramento
climate
station,
Conventional
tillage,
no
cover
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.015
­
0.769
RUSLE
Project;
Variable
with
date,
C21SUSUCSacramento
climate
station,
Conventional
tillage,
no
cover
(
USDA,
2000)
Exeter
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
183
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
2
(
Base
horizons)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
118
of
120
Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
173
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.59
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1.76
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.16
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.2
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
5
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.16
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.2
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.06
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.11
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
2)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
0.46%
(
HORIZN
=
1)
0.19%
(
HORIZN
=
2)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)

8.
California
Vegetables:
Other
crops
 
Tomato
(
CAtomato0C),
Broccoli/
cole
crops
(
CAbroccoliCVcra)

The
field
used
to
represent
tomato
production
in
California
is
located
in
San
Joaquin
County
in
the
Central
Valley,
although
tomatoes
are
produced
throughout
the
Central
Valley
and
Imperial
Valley.
According
to
the
1997
Census
of
Agriculture,
California
is
ranked
2nd
in
the
U.
S.
in
production;
45
percent
of
California's
production
is
in
Stanislaus
and
Merced
Counties.
Tomatoes
are
generally
grown
on
raised
beds
60­
66
inches
wide.
Most
tomato
plants
are
from
transplants
grown
in
nurseries.
Row
spacing
is
approximately
30
to
45
inches
and
plants
are
grown
close
together
within
rows.
Spaces
between
rows
are
generally
kept
clear,
but
plants
often
grow
into
these
areas.
The
scenario
has
been
adapted
for
other
crops
grown
in
the
same
area
on
the
same
soil
by
changing
the
crop­
specific
inputs
as
necessary.
While
broccoli
is
grown
in
the
San
Joaquin
Valley,
primary
production
is
in
the
coastal
regions.
All
parameters
are
the
same
for
these
scenarios,
except
where
noted
in
the
table
below.

The
soil
selected
to
simulate
the
field
is
a
Stockton
clay.
Stockton
clay
is
a
fine,
semectitic,
thermic
Xeric
Epiaquerts.
These
soils
are
often
used
for
tomato
production
under
irrigation,
but
also
for
other
row
crops
such
as
corn,
beans,
sugar
beets,
and
grains.
Stockton
clay
is
a
deep,
somewhat
poorly
drained,
slowly
permeable,
very
slow
to
slow
runoff
soil
that
formed
in
alluvium
of
mixed
igneous
and
sedimentary
rock
sources.
These
soil
are
generally
found
in
basins
and
in
swales
of
drainageways.
They
are
located
at
elevation
of
0
to
100
feet
above
mean
sea
level
and
have
slopes
of
0
to
2
percent.
The
soil
is
of
moderate
extent.
Stockton
clay
is
a
Hydrologic
Group
D
soil.

PRZM
3.12
Scenario
Input
Parameters
for
Central
Valley,
California
 
Tomato
/
Cole
crops
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
119
of
120
Parameter
Value
Source
Starting
Date
January
1,
1961
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Ending
Date
December
31,
1990
Meteorological
File
­
Sacramento,
CA
(
W23232)
Pan
Evaporation
Factor
(
PFAC)
0.7
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Snowmelt
Factor
(
SFAC)
0.55
cm
C­
1
PRZM
Manual
Table
5.1
(
EPA,
1998)

Minimum
Depth
of
Evaporation
(
ANETD)
17.0
cm
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.2
(
EPA,
1998)

Erosion
and
Landscape
Parameters
Method
to
Calculate
Erosion
(
ERFLAG)
4
(
MUSS)
PRZM
Manual
(
EPA,
1998)

USLE
K
Factor
(
USLEK)
0.24
tons
EI­
1*
NRI
­
Average
value
listed
for
the
soil
series
Stockton
USLE
LS
Factor
(
USLELS)
0.26
NRI
­
Average
value
listed
for
the
soil
series
Stockton
USLE
P
Factor
(
USLEP)
1.0
NRI
­
Average
value
listed
for
the
soil
series
Stockton
Field
Area
(
AFIELD)
172
ha
Area
of
Shipman
Reservoir
watershed
(
EPA,
1999)
NRCS
Hyetograph
(
IREG)
1
PRZM
Manual
Figure
5.12
(
EPA,
1998)

Slope
(
SLP)
0.25%
Bob
Mullen,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension.
209_
468_
9489
Hydraulic
Length
(
HL)
464
m
Shipman
Reservoir
(
EPA,
1999)
Irrigation
Flag
(
IRFLAG)
0
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)
Irrigation
Type
(
IRTYP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)
Leaching
Factor
(
FLEACH)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Fraction
of
Water
Capacity
when
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
PCDEPL)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Maximum
Rate
at
which
Irrigation
is
Applied
(
RATEAP)
Not
applicable
Based
on
current
EPA
guidance
(
2004)

Crop
Parameters
Initial
Crop
(
INICRP)
1
Set
to
one
for
all
crops
(
EPA,
2001)
Initial
Surface
Condition
(
ISCOND)
1
Bob
Mullen,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension.
209_
468_
9489
Number
of
Different
Crops
(
NDC)
1
Set
to
crops
in
simulation
­
generally
one
Number
of
Cropping
Periods
(
NCPDS)
30
Set
to
weather
data.
Meteorological
File
Maximum
rainfall
interception
storage
of
crop
(
CINTCP)
0.1
PIC;
confirmed
using
Table
5.4
from
PRZM
Manual
(
Burns,
1992
and
EPA,
1985)

90
cm
(
Tomato)
Bob
Mullen,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension.
209_
468_
9489
Maximum
Active
Root
Depth
(
AMXDR)
30
cm
(
Broccoli/
cole)
Most
roots
in
the
top
3
feet
Section
II.
D.
6
­
Page
120
of
120
Maximum
Canopy
Coverage
(
COVMAX)
90
Bob
Mullen,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension.
209_
468_
9489
Soil
Surface
Condition
After
Harvest
(
ICNAH)
1
Bob
Mullen,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension.
209_
468_
9489
01/
03
(
Tomato)
Bob
Mullen,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension.
209_
468_
9489
Date
of
Crop
Emergence
(
EMD,
EMM,
IYREM)
01/
08
(
Broccoli/
cole)
Typical
planting
for
SJV
(
USDA
Crop
Profile)
01/
07
(
Tomato)
Bob
Mullen,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension.
209_
468_
9489
Date
of
Crop
Maturity
(
MAD,
MAM,
IYRMAT)
20/
10
(
Broccoli/
cole)
Based
on
USDA
crop
profile
01/
09
(
Tomato)
Bob
Mullen,
San
Joaquin
County
Cooperative
Extension.
209_
468_
9489
Date
of
Crop
Harvest
(
HAD,
HAM,
IYRHAR)
30/
10
(
Broccoli/
cole)
Based
on
USDA
crop
profile
Maximum
Dry
Weight
(
WFMAX)
0.0
Set
to
"
0"
Not
used
in
simulation
SCS
Curve
Number
(
CN)
91,
87,
88
Gleams
Manual
Table
A.
3,
Fallow
=
Fallow,
SR/
poor;
Cropping
and
Residue
=
Row
Crops
SR/
poor
condition
Manning's
N
Value
(
MNGN)
0.023
RUSLE
Project;
C23BDCGC
for
dry
beans,
2000
lb,
Fresno
(
USDA,
2000)
USLE
C
Factor
(
USLEC)
0.035­
0.255
RUSLE
Project;
C23BDCGC
for
dry
beans,
2000
lb,
Fresno
Variable
with
date
(
USDA,
2000)
Stockton
Soil
Parameters
Total
Soil
Depth
(
CORED)
180
cm
Number
of
Horizons
(
NHORIZ)
3
(
Top
horizon
split
in
two)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)

Horizon
Thickness
(
THKNS)
10
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
8
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
162
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Bulk
Density
(
BD)
1.3
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
1.4
g
cm­
3
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Initial
Water
Content
(
THETO)
0.38
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.25
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Compartment
Thickness
(
DPN)
0.1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
1)
1
cm
(
HORIZN
=
2)
2
cm
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Field
Capacity
(
THEFC)
0.38
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.25
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
3)
Wilting
Point
(
THEWP)
0.25
cm3­
H2O
cm3­
soil
(
HORIZN
=
1,2,3)
Organic
Carbon
Content
(
OC)
0.95%
(
HORIZN
=
1,2)
0.4%
(
HORIZN
=
3)
NRCS,
National
Soils
Characterization
Database
(
NRCS,
2001)
http://
www.
statlab.
iastate.
edu/
soils/
ssl/)

Edd
Russell
(
USDA_
NRCS,
Fresno)
