Whether
a
substance
poses
a
risk
to
humans
or
other
organisms
depends
on
two
factors:
how
toxic
the
substance
is,
and
how
much
of
it
an
organism
is
exposed
to.
Therefore,
the
EPA
considers
toxicity
data
and
exposure
data
in
deciding
whether
to
approve
a
pesticide
for
use.
Office
of
Pesticide
Programs
Biopesticides
and
Pollution
Prevention
Division
October
2004
BIOPESTICIDE
FACT
SHEET
Active
Ingredient
Name:
Chondrostereum
purpureum
strain
PFC
2139
OPP
Chemical
Code:
PC
Code
081308
SUMMARY
Chondrostereum
purpureum
strain
PFC
2139
is
a
naturally­
occurring
fungus
that
will
be
used
in
herbicide
products
to
inhibit
sprouting
and
regrowth
of
cut
tree
stumps.
Its
use
is
limited
to
painting
cut
stumps
of
alders,
aspen
and
other
hardwood
trees
and
shrubs
in
rights­
of­
way
and
forests.
The
fungus
has
shown
no
toxicity
or
pathogenicity
to
humans,
wildlife,
or
the
environment.

I.
DESCRIPTION
OF
THE
ACTIVE
INGREDIENT
Chondrostereum
purpureum
is
a
cosmopolitan
fungus
species
that
is
found
in
temperate
regions
of
the
northern
and
southern
hemispheres.
It
is
ubiquitous
in
Canada
and
common
in
the
United
States
south
to
Virginia
in
the
east
and
to
northern
California
in
the
west.
C.
purpureum
is
found
only
in
the
xylem
of
living
or
recently
killed
broadleaf
trees
and
shrubs.
It
causes
silverleaf,
a
disease
that
occurs
when
the
fungus
blocks
xylem
vessels.
These
vessels
provide
structural
support
to
the
plant
and
also
transport
sap
containing
nutrients
up
to
the
leaves.

II.
USE
SITES,
PURPOSE,
AND
APPLICATION
METHODS
Use
Sites:
Stumps
of
cut
trees
and
shrubs
in
rights­
of­
way
and
forest
areas.

Purpose:
Inhibits
sprouting
and
regrowth
of
shrubs
and
hardwood
trees
such
as
red
alder,
sitka
alder,
speckled
alder
and
trembling
aspen.
Application
Methods:
Immediately
after
cutting
down
the
tree,
the
user
applies
the
product
as
a
paste
to
the
entire
surface
of
the
stump.

III.
ASSESSING
RISKS
TO
HUMAN
HEALTH
No
signs
of
toxicity
or
pathogenicity
were
observed
when
C.
purpureum
strain
PFC
2139
was
administered
to
rats
and
rabbits
via
the
oral,
pulmonary,
and
dermal
routes
of
exposure.
In
rabbits,
C.
purpureum
strain
PFC
2139
was
slightly
irritating
when
applied
dermally,
or
when
instilled
in
the
eye.
Furthermore,
C.
purpureum
has
not
been
reported
to
produce
any
mammalian
toxins
or
to
infect
mammalian
tissues.
It
will
not
survive
at
or
near
normal
human
body
temperature
(
37

C).
Therefore,
no
worker
protection
measures
have
been
established
beyond
requiring
the
standard
precautionary
labeling
and
typical
personal
protective
equipment.
IV.
ASSESSING
RISKS
TO
THE
ENVIRONMENT
Chondrostereum
purpureum
is
ubiquitous
in
the
forest
ecosystem,
so
non­
target
organisms
are
naturally
exposed
to
spores.
However,
there
is
very
limited
risk
to
non­
target
broadleaf
plants
found
near
application
sites,
due
to
simultaneous,
multiple
requirements
for
infection:
a
nearby
source
of
inoculum,
a
narrow
temperature
range
(
20­
25

C),
high
relative
humidity
(+
80%)
for
maximum
sporulation,
the
presence
of
a
fresh
wound
on
a
susceptible
shrub
or
tree,
and
sufficient
wind
for
spores
to
reach
susceptible
plants.
In
addition,
an
extensive
literature
search
found
no
reports
of
adverse
effects
on
birds,
wild
mammals,
fish,
insects
or
other
invertebrates,
or
aquatic
plants.
Acute
mammalian
toxicity
testing
showed
that
C.
purpureum
strain
PFC
2139
is
not
toxic
or
pathogenic.
C.
purpureum
does
not
grow
at
35

C
and
is
killed
by
sustained
incubation
at
37

C,
making
it
unlikely
to
be
a
pathogen
of
mammals
or
birds.

V.
REGULATORY
INFORMATION
On
April
15,
1999,
MycoLogic
Incorporated
submitted
a
formal
request
to
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
EPA)
for
a
Joint
Review
of
the
Chondrostereum
purpureum
strain
PFC
2139
submission
by
both
the
Health
Canada
Pest
Management
Regulatory
Agency
(
PMRA)
and
EPA.
Subsequently,
MycoLogic
Incorporated
submitted
an
application
to
EPA
on
August
2,
2001
for
registration
of
an
end­
use
product
and
a
manufacturing
use
product.
On
September
23,
2004,
EPA
issued
registrations
to
the
first
two
products
containing
Chondrostereum
purpureum
strain
PFC
2139
as
the
active
ingredient:
the
Manufacturing
Use
Product,
"
CP­
PFC
2139"
(
EPA
Reg.
No.
47200­
2)
and
the
End­
Use
Product,
"
Chontrol
Paste"
(
EPA
Reg.
No.
74200­
1).

VI.
REGISTRANT
INFORMATION
MycoLogic
Inc.
Department
of
Biology
University
of
Victoria
P.
O.
Box
3020
Victoria,
BC,
Canada
V8W
3N5
250­
721­
6319
pdelabas@
uvic.
ca
VII.
FOR
FURTHER
INFORMATION,
CONTACT
Jim
Downing
Regulatory
Action
Leader
Biopesticides
and
Pollution
Prevention
Division
(
7511C)
Office
of
Pesticide
Programs
Environmental
Protection
Agency
1200
Pennsylvania
Ave.,
NW
Washington,
D.
C.
20460
Phone
(
703)
308­
9071
(
or
308­
8712)
Fax
(
703)
308­
7026
e­
mail:
downing.
jim@
epa.
gov
The
EPA
Biopesticides
Website
is:
http://
www.
epa.
gov/
pesticides/
biopesticides
DISCLAIMER:
The
information
in
this
Biopesticide
Fact
Sheet
is
a
summary
only.
For
more
information,
click
on
the
links
at
the
top
of
this
document
or
contact
the
person
listed
above.
