UNITED
STATES
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
WASHINGTON,
D.
C.
20460
OFFICE
OF
PREVENTION,
PESTICIDES
AND
TOXIC
SUBSTANCES
Chemical:
Sodium
Acifluorfen
PC
Code:
114402
DP
Barcode:
291740
SUBJECT:
Addendum
to
EFED
RED
Chapter
for
sodium
acifluorfen.

FROM:
James
Goodyear,
Biologist
Environmental
Risk
Branch
3
Thru:
Stephanie
Syslo,
RAPL
Environmental
Risk
Branch
3
Ben
Smith,
Chief
Environmental
Review
Branch
3
Environmental
Fate
and
Effects
Division
(
7507C)

TO:
Michael
Goodis,
Risk
Manager
Christina
Scheltema,
Risk
Manager
Reviewer
Reregistration
Branch
3
Special
Review
and
Reregistration
Branch
(
7508C)

DATE:
September
15,
2003
The
intent
of
this
document
is
to
provide
a
summary
of
the
chronic
risks
to
birds
as
addressed
in
the
EFED
RED
chapter
for
sodium
acifluorfen
dated
June
8,
2000
(
DP
Barcodes
D252561,
D252563).
It
also
provides
tables
of
chronic
RQs
for
birds
that
were
omitted
from
the
RED
chapter.
New
text
and
tables
are
indicated
in
green.

A
writeup
on
the
effects
of
acifluorfen
on
endangered
species
will
be
addressed
under
a
separate
subbean
(
D293692).
Summary
of
chronic
risk
of
acifluorfen
to
birds
Page
34
of
RED
chapter
Version
dated
June
8,
2000
CHAPTER
7.
TERRESTRIAL
EXPOSURE
AND
RISK
TOXICITY
TO
TERRESTRIAL
ANIMALS
Please
see
Appendix
D
for
detailed
tables
of
toxicity
data.

Acute,
Sub­
Acute,
and
Chronic
Toxicity
in
Birds
Acifluorfen
is
moderately
to
practically
nontoxic
to
avian
species
on
an
acute
oral
basis.
The
Mallard
duck's
LD
50
(
MRID
083059)
was
4,187
mg/
kg.
The
Bobwhite
quail
LD
50
(
MRID
122747)
was
325
mg/
kg.

Four
subacute
dietary
studies
found
that
acifluorfen
is
practically
nontoxic
to
the
Bobwhite
quail
(
MRID
083059)
and
to
the
Mallard
duck
(
MRID
083060
and
MRID
122749).
The
LC
50
ranged
from
>
5620
to
>
10,000
ppm
without
mortality.

The
Bobwhite
quail's
NOAEC
was
20
ppm
(
MRID
107491)
and
its
LOAEC
was
100
ppm
based
on
a
reduced
number
of
viable
embryos.
The
Mallard
duck's
NOAEC
was
>
100
ppm
(
the
highest
dose
level
tested).
An
LOAEC
was
not
determined
(
MRID
107492).

*
*
*
*
Page
36
of
RED
chapter
Version
dated
June
8,
2000
Chronic
Risk
Characterization
for
Birds
In
a
preliminary
screening
assessment,
based
upon
the
above
exposure
table,
the
NOAEC
of
20
ppm
is
exceeded
for
the
maximum
and
mean
residues
for
short
grass,
long
grass,
and
broadleaf
plants.
Therefore,
there
is
a
potential
for
chronic
effects.
A
refinement
of
this
assessment
uses
a
30­
day
half­
life
for
foliar
degradation
and
the
FATE
model
for
estimating
residues
in
the
terrestrial
environment
(
see
Appendices
B,
C,
and
E).

Chronic
risk
for
insectivorous
and
herbivorous
birds
is
a
potential
problem
from
both
single
and
multiple
applications
at
0.25
lbs
ai/
A
or
more.
A
comparison
over
time
of
maximum
residue
levels
to
the
NOAEC
indicates
birds
may
be
at
risk
for
more
than
30
days.
The
risk
is
from
eating
the
treated
crop
and
the
weeds
in
and
around
the
edge
of
the
field
and
insects
in
the
field.
When
risk
is
based
on
mean
residue
levels
in
peanuts
and
soy
beans,
birds
that
eat
short
grass
are
at
risk
for
21
days
from
a
single
application
(
at
0.375
lbs
ai/
A).
Risk
to
birds
from
a
single
application
to
rice
(
at
0.25
lbs
ai/
A)
is
for
four
days
when
they
eat
the
rice
seedlings
and
short
grass
in
and
around
the
field.
Birds
that
eat
short
grass
also
will
be
at
risk
for
two
applications
at
0.25
lbs
ai/
A.
The
duration
of
the
chronic
risk
will
be
for
three
days
after
the
first
application
and
more
than
15
days
after
the
second
application.

Although,
sensitive
vegetation
may
become
unpalatable
a
few
days
after
spraying,
tolerant
weeds
and
crop
foliage
would
remain
palatable.
This
effect
may
occur
within
hours
to
a
week
or
less.
The
residues
may
decline
more
rapidly
than
the
dissipation
curve
suggests
due
to
dilution
resulting
from
a
biomass
increase
as
the
plants
grow.
Therefore,
the
chronic
risk
may
not
be
as
severe
as
described
in
EFED's
initial
screen.

*
*
*
*
Page
49
of
RED
chapter
Version
dated
June
8,
2000
Appendix
D
Two
subacute
dietary
studies
using
the
TGAI
are
required
to
establish
the
toxicity
of
acifluorfen
to
birds.
The
preferred
test
species
are
mallard
duck
and
bobwhite
quail.
Results
of
these
tests
are
tabulated
below.

Avian
subacute
dietary
toxicity.

Species
%
ai
LC50
(
ppm)
Toxicity
Category
MRID
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
Northern
bobwhite
quail
(
Colinus
virginianus)
39.8
Technical
>
10000
Practically
nontoxic
083059
Fink,
1976
Core
Mallard
duck
(
Anas
platyrhynchos)
39.8
Technical
>
10000
Practically
nontoxic
083060
Fink,
1976
Core
Northern
bobwhite
quail
(
Colinus
virginianus)
25.6
Tackle
>
5620
Practically
nontoxic
122750
Fink,
1981
Core
for
formulation
Mallard
duck
(
Anas
platyrhynchos)
25.6
Tackle
>
5620
Practically
nontoxic
122749
Fink,
1981
Core
for
formulation
Acifluorfen
is
categorized
as
practically
nontoxic
to
avian
species
on
a
subacute
dietary
basis.
The
guideline
(
71­
2)
is
fulfilled
(
MRID
083059
and
083060).

Chronic
Toxicity
to
Birds
Avian
reproduction
studies
using
the
TGAI
are
required
for
acifluorfen
because
the
following
conditions
are
met:
(
1)
birds
may
be
subject
to
repeated
or
continuous
exposure
to
the
pesticide,
especially
preceding
or
during
the
breeding
season,
and
(
2)
the
pesticide
is
stable
in
the
environment
to
the
extent
that
potentially
toxic
amounts
may
persist
in
animal
feed.
The
preferred
test
species
are
mallard
duck
and
bobwhite
quail.
Results
of
these
tests
are
tabulated
below.

The
guideline
(
71­
4)
is
fulfilled
(
MRID
107491
and
107492).
Avian
reproduction.

Species/
Study
Duration
%
ai
NOAEC
(
ppm)
LOAEC
Endpoints
MRID
Author/
Year
Study
Classification
Northern
bobwhite
quail
(
Colinus
virginianus)
39.8
Technical
20
100
Reduced
number
of
viable
embryos
107491
Najarian,
1978
Core
Mallard
duck
(
Anas
platyrhynchos)
39.8
Technical
>
100
N/
A
(>
100)
107492
Najarian,
1978
Core
*
*
*
*
Page
59
of
RED
chapter
Version
dated
June
8,
2000
Appendix
E
RISK
TO
NONTARGET
TERRESTRIAL
ANIMALS
Risk
to
Birds
The
Risk
Quotients
(
RQ)
were
calculated
based
upon
the
ecological
toxicity
data
(
Appendix
D).

The
acute
risk
quotients
for
a
single
broadcast
application
of
acifluorfen
are
tabulated
below.

Avian
acute
risk
quotients
for
single
application
of
acifluorfen.

Site/
App.
Method
App.
Rate
(
lbs
ai/
A)
Food
Items
Maximum
EEC
(
ppm)
LC50
(
ppm)
Acute
RQ
(
EEC/
LC50)

Aerial
or
ground
broadcast
0.375
Short
grass
90
>
5620
0.02
Tall
grass
41
>
5620
0.01
Broadleaf
plants
and
Insects
51
>
5620
0.01
Seeds
6
>
5620
0.00
Avian
acute
risk
quotients
for
multiple
applications
of
acifluorfen.

Site/
App.
Method
App.
Rate
(
lbs
ai/
A/
Season)
Food
Items
Maximum
EEC
(
ppm)
1
LC50
(
ppm)
Acute
RQ
(
EEC/
LC50)

Aerial
or
ground
broadcast
0.50
Short
grass
120
>
5620
0.02
Tall
grass
55
>
5620
0.01
Broadleaf
plants
and
Insects
68
>
5620
0.01
Seeds
8
>
5620
0.00
1
EEC
using
Fletcher
et
al.
(
1994)
without
degradation.

Although
no
avian
acute
LOCs
are
exceeded
for
multiple
broadcast
applications
at
the
rate
of
0.50
lbs
ai/
A/
season,
the
chronic
LOC
is
exceeded
for
both
single
and
multiple
broadcast
applications.
The
chronic
risk
quotients
for
single
and
multiple
broadcast
applications
of
acifluorfen
are
tabulated
below.

Avian
chronic
risk
quotients
for
single
application
of
acifluorfen.

Site/
App.
Method
App.
Rate
(
lbs
ai/
A)
Food
Items
Maximum
EEC
(
ppm)
NOAEC
(
ppm)
Chronic
RQ
(
EEC/
NOAEC)

Aerial
or
ground
broadcast
0.375
Short
grass
90
20
4.50
Tall
grass
41
20
2.05
Broadleaf
plants
and
Insects
51
20
2.55
Seeds
6
20
0.30
Avian
chronic
risk
quotients
for
multiple
applications
of
acifluorfen.

Site/
App.
Method
App.
Rate
(
lbs
ai/
A/
Season)
Food
Items
Maximum
EEC
(
ppm)
1
NOAEC
(
ppm)
Chronic
RQ
(
EEC/
NOAEC)

Aerial
or
ground
broadcast
0.50
Short
grass
120
20
6.00
Tall
grass
55
20
2.75
Broadleaf
plants
and
Insects
68
20
3.40
Seeds
8
20
0.40
1
EEC
using
Fletcher
et
al.
(
1994)
without
degradation.

Further
discussion
of
the
duration
of
exposures
at
greater
than
the
NOAEC
for
the
individual
crops
(
peanuts,
soybeans
and
rice)
is
presented
in
Appendix
C.
*
*
*
*
Page
81
of
RED
chapter
Version
dated
June
8,
2000
APPENDIX
H.
ECOLOGICAL
EFFECTS
DATA
REQUIREMENTS
Sodium
Acifluorfen
Chemical
Number
114401
Guideline
Data
Requirement
Are
Data
Requirements
Satisfied?
MRID
Study
Classification
71­
1
Avian
Oral
LD50
Y
083058
Core
71­
2
Avian
Dietary
LC50
Y
083059
083060
Core
71­
4
Avian
Reproduction
Y
1074918
Core
71­
3
Wild
Mammal
LD50
&
LD50
Y
071887
122743
Core
72­
1
Freshwater
Fish
LC50
Y
071901
107493
122751
Core
72­
2
Freshwater
Invertebrate
Acute
LC50
Y
071901
Core
72­
3(
a)
Estuarine/
Marine
Fish
LC50
Y
124223
Core
72­
3(
b)
Estuarine/
Marine
Mollusk
EC50
Y
111964
Core
72­
3(
c)
Estuarine/
Marine
Shrimp
EC50
Y
111962
Core
122­
2
Aquatic
Plant
Growth­
Tier
I
Y
416807
Core
123­
1(
a)
Seed
Germ./
Seedling
Emergence
N
123­
1(
b)
Vegetative
Vigor
N
123­
2
Aquatic
Plant
Growth­
Tier
II
Y
416807­
02
Core
141­
1
Honey
bee,
acute
contact
N
