Page
1
of
17
Screening­
Level
Exposure
Assessments
Propylene
Carbonate
Note
to
the
READER:

As
explained
in
the
final
rule
the
Agency
determined
as
part
of
its
Safety
Assessment
of
propylene
carbonate
to
perform
a
qualitative
assessment.
The
screening­
level
assessments
in
this
document
were
used
to
bound
the
risk.
Page
2
of
17
Dietary
(
Food)
Modeling
(
performed
using
an
Agency­
developed
screening
tool)
Page
3
of
17
Model
Assumptions
­
Actual
crop­
specific
residue
data
for
active
ingredients
can
be
utilized
as
surrogate
data
for
inert
ingredient
residue
levels
(
including
secondary
residues
in
meat,
milk,
poultry
and
eggs)
­
Inert
ingredients
are
used
on
all
crops
and
100%
of
all
crops
are
"
treated"
with
inert
ingredients
­
No
adjustment
made
for
%
of
inert
in
formulation,
application
rate,
or
multiple
applications
of
different
active
ingredient
formulations
­
Considers
only
preharvest
applications
Dietary
modeling
was
performed
utilizing
the
highest
established
tolerance
level
residue
for
each
commodity.

Table
1.
Estimated
Chronic
Dietary
Exposure1
for
a
Generic
Inert
Ingredient
Population
Subgroup2
Estimated
Exposure,
mg/
kg/
day
U.
S.
Population
(
total)
0.120
All
infants
(<
1
year)
0.245
Children
(
1­
2
years)
0.422
Children
(
3­
5
years)
0.310
Children
(
6­
12
years)
0.174
Youth
(
13­
19
years)
0.100
Adults
(
20­
49
years)
0.087
Adults
(
50+
years)
0.086
Females
(
13­
49
years)
0.087
1Exposure
estimates
are
based
on
highest­
tolerance­
level
residues
of
high­
use
active
ingredients
for
all
food
forms,
including
meat,
milk,
poultry,
and
eggs.
2Only
representative
population
subgroups
are
shown.
Page
4
of
17
Table
2.
Estimated
Acute
Dietary
Exposure1
for
a
Generic
Inert
Ingredient
Population
Subgroup2
Estimated
Exposure,
mg/
kg/
day
95th
Percentile
99th
Percentile
99.9th
Percentile
U.
S.
Population
(
total)
0.336
0.643
1.164
All
infants
(<
1
year)
0.701
1.060
2.056
Children
(
1­
2
years)
0.939
1.382
2.106
Children
(
3­
5
years)
0.683
1.010
1.476
Children
(
6­
12
years)
0.395
0.563
0.827
Youth
(
13­
19
years)
0.239
0.357
0.815
Adults
(
20­
49
years)
0.199
0.295
0.468
Adults
(
50+
years)
0.191
0.263
0.357
Females
(
13­
49
years)
0.198
0.287
0.415
1Exposure
estimates
are
based
on
highest­
tolerance­
level
residues
of
high­
use
active
ingredients
for
all
food
forms,
including
meat,
milk,
poultry,
and
eggs.
2Only
representative
population
subgroups
are
shown.
Page
5
of
17
Drinking
Water
Exposure
(
modeled
using
FIRST)
Page
6
of
17
Model
Assumptions
­
1
lb/
acre
application
rate
and
15
lb/
acre
application
rates
to
bracket
­
Koc
of
24
(
degradation
does
occur)

­
Half
life
of
18
days
­
Consumption
(
2L/
day
for
adults,
1L/
day
for
child)

­
Body
weights
(
70
kg
adult,
10
kg
child)

Propylene
Carbonate
Chronic
Acute
1
lb
application
concentration
=
4
ppb
1
lb
application
concentration
=
82
ppb
chronic
exposure
(
adult)
=
0.0001
mg/
kg/
day
acute
exposure
(
adult)
=
0.002
mg/
kg/
day
chronic
exposure
(
child)
=
0.0004
mg/
kg/
day
acute
exposure
(
child)
=
0.0082
mg/
kg/
day
15
lb
application
concentration
=
60
ppb
15
lb
application
concentration
=
1200
ppb
chronic
exposure
(
adult)
=
0.0017
mg/
kg/
day
acute
exposure
(
adult)
=
0.035
mg/
kg/
day
chronic
exposure
(
child)
=
0.006
mg/
kg/
day
acute
exposure
(
child)
=
0.012
mg/
kg/
day
Note:
These
estimates
are
based
on
the
following
document
Risk
Assessment
for
Propylene
and
Butylene
Carbonate
as
an
Inert
Ingredient
(
DP
Barcode
D276674
and
D2500272)
(
Lucy
Shanaman
and
Henry
Craven,
December
12,
2002)
Page
7
of
17
UNITED
STATES
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
WASHINGTON,
D.
C.
20460
OFFICE
OF
PREVENTION,
PESTICIDES
AND
TOXIC
SUBSTANCES
MEMORANDUM
Date:
8/
15/
03
SUBJECT:
Propylene
Carbonate
Exposure
Analysis
FROM:
Tom
Brennan,
Chemist
Registration
Division
(
7505C)

TO:
Kathryn
Boyle
Registration
Division
(
7505C)

Executive
Summary:

The
Office
of
Pesticide
Programs
has
completed
the
exposure
and
risk
assessment
process
for
the
propylene
carbonate
for
the
Lower
Toxicity
Pesticide
Chemical
Focus
Group.
This
following
scenarios
were
assessed
using
the
Pesticide
Handlers
Exposure
Database
V1.1,
and
the
E­
FAST
model
developed
by
the
Office
of
Pollution
Prevention
and
Toxics.

°
Adult
exposures
from
mixing
loading
and
application
to
lawns
using
a
hose­
end
sprayer
and
low
pressure
handwand;
°
Adult
exposures
from
using
a
general
purpose
cleaner
in
the
residence;
and,
°
Adult
exposures
from
using
liquid
laundry
detergent
in
the
residence.

Attached
are
the
residential
assessments
developed
for
this
project.
Page
8
of
17
Residential
Exposure
(
as
a
result
of
application
to
a
lawn)
Page
9
of
17
Model
Assumptions
­
Outdoor,
low
pressure
handwand
or
hose­
end
sprayer
(
both
M/
L/
A)

­
100%
inhalation
exposure
factor
­
75%
dermal
exposure
factor(
estimated
from
physical/
chemical
data)

­
used
Residential
SOPs
­
application
rate
is
1
lb/
acre
to
15
lb/
acre
to
bracket
potential
exposure
Application
rate
=
1
lb/
acre
mixer/
leader/
applicator
(
m/
l/
a),
low
pressure
handwand,
dermal
0.025
m/
l/
a,
low
pressure
handwand,
inhalation
0.0000099
Total
=
0.025
m/
l/
a,
hose­
end
sprayer,
dermal
0.059
m/
l/
a,
hose­
end
sprayer,
inhalation
0.00011
Total
=
0.059
Application
Rate
=
15
lb/
acre
m/
l/
a,
low
pressure
handwand,
dermal
0.375
m/
l/
a,
low
pressure
handwand,
inhalation
0.00015
Total
=
0.375
m/
l/
a,
hose­
end
sprayer,
dermal
0.885
m/
l/
a,
hose­
end
sprayer,
inhalation
0.0017
Total
=
0.886
Note:
These
estimates
are
based
on
the
following
document
Residential
Exposure
Assessment
for
the
Inert
Ingredients,
Propylene
and
Butylene
Carbonate
(
DP
Barcode
D281386)
(
Jack
Arthur,
March
6,
2002)
Page
10
of
17
E­
Fast
Modeling
General
Purpose
Cleaner
Page
11
of
17
CEM
Inputs
ID
Number:
Unknown
Product:
Unknown
Chemical
Name:
propylene
carbonate
Scenario:
General
Purpose
Cleaner
Population:
Adult
Molecular
Weight
(
g/
mole):
102.1
Vapor
Pressure
(
torr):
0.045
Weight
Fraction
­
Median
(
unitless):
0.988
Weight
Fraction
­
90%
(
unitless):
0.988
Inhalation
Inputs
Frequency
of
Use
(
events/
yr):
300
Years
of
Use:
57
Mass
of
Product
Used
per
Event
­
Median
(
g):
61.5
Mass
of
Product
Used
per
Event
­
90%
(
g):
123
Inhalation
Rate
During
Use
(
m3/
hr):
0.55
Duration
of
Use
­
Median
(
hours/
event):
0.667
Inhalation
Rate
After
Use
(
m3/
hr):
0.55
Duration
of
Use
­
90%
(
hours/
event):
1.42
Zone
1
Volume
(
m3):
20
Whole
House
Volume
(
m3):
369
Air
Exchange
Rate
(
air
exchanges/
hr):
0.45
Body
Weight
(
kg):
71.8
Activity
Patterns
User:
1111111221542467422744411
Start
Time:
7
Non­
User:
Room
of
Use:
2.
Kitchen
Hour:
0
6
12
18
Dermal
Inputs
Frequency
of
Use
­
Body
(
events/
yr):
300
SA/
BW
­
Body
(
cm2/
kg):
15.6
Amount
Retained
/
Absorbed
to
Skin
(
g/
cm2­
event):
3.6e­
05
Avg.
Time,
LADDpot,
LADCpot
(
days):
2.74e+
04
Avg.
Time,
ADDpot,
ADCpot
(
days):
2.08e+
04
Avg.
Time,
ADRpot,
Cppot
(
days):
1.00e+
00
Page
12
of
17
CEM
Inhalation
Exposure
Estimates
ID
Number:
Unknown
Scenario:
General
Purpose
Cleaner
Population:
Adult
Inhalation
Rate
(
m3/
day):
0.55
Years
of
Use
(
years):
57
Body
Weight
(
kg):
71.8
Frequency
of
Use
(
events/
year):
300
Exposure
Units
Result
AT
(
days)

Chronic
Cancer
LADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
2.16e+
00
2.74e+
04
LADCpot
(
mg/
m3)
1.17e+
01
2.74e+
04
Chronic
Non­
Cancer
ADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
2.84e+
00
2.08e+
04
ADCpot
(
mg/
m3)
1.54e+
01
2.08e+
04
Acute
ADRpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
5.07e+
00
1.00e+
00
Cppot
(
mg/
m3)
9.73e+
01
1.00e+
00
LADD
­
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADC
­
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Concentration
(
mg/
m3)

ADD
­
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
ADC
­
Average
Daily
Concentration
(
mug/
m3)

ADR
­
Acute
Dose
Rate
(
mg/
kg­
day)
Cp
­
Peak
Concentration
(
mg/
m3)

Note:
75
years
=
2.738e+
04
days
pot
­
potential
dose
Note:
The
general
Agency
guidance
for
assessing
short­
term,
infrequent
events
(
for
most
chemicals,
an
exposure
of
less
than
24
hours
that
occurs
no
more
frequently
than
monthly)
is
to
treat
such
events
as
independent,
acute
exposures
rather
than
as
chronic
exposure.
Thus,
estimates
of
long­
term
average
exposure
like
ADD
or
ADC
may
not
be
appropriate
for
use
in
assessing
risks
associated
with
this
type
of
exposure
pattern.
(
Methods
for
Exposure­
Response
Analysis
for
Acute
Inhalation
Exposure
to
Chemicals
(
External
Review
Draft).
EPA/
600/
R­
98/
051.
April
1998
Page
13
of
17
CEM
Dermal
Exposure
Estimates
ID
Number:
Unknown
Scenario:
General
Purpose
Cleaner
Population:
Adult
Years
of
Use
(
years):
57
SA/
BW
Body
(
cm2/
kg):
15.6
Frequency
of
Use
(
events/
year):
300
Exposure
Units
Result
AT
(
days)

Chronic
Cancer
LADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
3.47e­
01
2.74e+
04
Chronic
Non­
Cancer
ADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
4.56e­
01
2.08e+
04
Acute
ADRpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
5.55e­
01
1.00e+
00
LADD
­
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)

ADD
­
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)

ADR
­
Acute
Dose
Rate
(
mg/
kg­
day)

Note:
75
years
=
2.738e+
04
days
pot
­
potential
dose
Note:
The
general
Agency
guidance
for
assessing
short­
term,
infrequent
events
(
for
most
chemicals,
an
exposure
of
less
than
24
hours
that
occurs
no
more
frequently
than
monthly)
is
to
treat
such
events
as
independent,
acute
exposures
rather
than
as
chronic
exposure.
Thus,
estimates
of
long­
term
average
exposure
like
ADD
or
ADC
may
not
be
appropriate
for
use
in
assessing
risks
associated
with
this
type
of
exposure
pattern.
(
Methods
for
Exposure­
Response
Analysis
for
Acute
Inhalation
Exposure
to
Chemicals
(
External
Review
Draft).
EPA/
600/
R­
98/
051.
April
1998
acute
dermal
exposure
=
0.55
mg/
kg/
day
acute
inhalation
exposure
=
5.07
mg/
kg/
day
total
exposure
=
5.62
mg/
kg/
day
Page
14
of
17
E­
Fast
Modeling
Laundry
Detergent
Page
15
of
17
CEM
Inputs
ID
Number:
Unknown
Product:
Unknown
Chemical
Name:
propylene
carbonate
Scenario:
Laundry
Detergent
Population:
Adult
Molecular
Weight
(
g/
mole):
102.1
Vapor
Pressure
(
torr):
0.045
Weight
Fraction
­
Median
(
unitless):
0.988
Weight
Fraction
­
90%
(
unitless):
0.988
Inhalation
Inputs
Frequency
of
Use
(
events/
yr):
312
Years
of
Use:
57
Mass
of
Product
Used
per
Event
­
Median
(
g):
200
Mass
of
Product
Used
per
Event
­
90%
(
g):
400
Inhalation
Rate
During
Use
(
m3/
hr):
0.55
Duration
of
Use
­
Median
(
hours/
event):
0.333
Inhalation
Rate
After
Use
(
m3/
hr):
0.55
Duration
of
Use
­
90%
(
hours/
event):
0.667
Zone
1
Volume
(
m3):
20
Whole
House
Volume
(
m3):
369
Air
Exchange
Rate
(
air
exchanges/
hr):
0.45
Body
Weight
(
kg):
71.8
Activity
Patterns
User:
1111111235542467422744411
Start
Time:
9
Non­
User:
1111111132442477422744411
Room
of
Use:
5.
Utility
Room
Hour:
0
6
12
18
Dermal
Inputs
Frequency
of
Use
­
Body
(
events/
yr):
52
SA/
BW
­
Body
(
cm2/
kg):
15.6
Amount
Retained
/
Absorbed
to
Skin
(
g/
cm2­
event):
1.13e­
05
Avg.
Time,
LADDpot,
LADCpot
(
days):
2.74e+
04
Avg.
Time,
ADDpot,
ADCpot
(
days):
2.08e+
04
Avg.
Time,
ADRpot,
Cppot
(
days):
1.00e+
00
Page
16
of
17
CEM
Inhalation
Exposure
Estimates
ID
Number:
Unknown
Scenario:
Laundry
Detergent
Population:
Adult
Inhalation
Rate
(
m3/
day):
0.55
Years
of
Use
(
years):
57
Body
Weight
(
kg):
71.8
Frequency
of
Use
(
events/
year):
312
Exposure
Units
Result
AT
(
days)

Chronic
Cancer
LADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
1.48e­
01
2.74e+
04
LADCpot
(
mg/
m3)
8.07e­
01
2.74e+
04
Chronic
Non­
Cancer
ADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
1.95e­
01
2.08e+
04
ADCpot
(
mg/
m3)
1.06e+
00
2.08e+
04
Acute
ADRpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
9.25e­
01
1.00e+
00
Cppot
(
mg/
m3)
1.29e+
02
1.00e+
00
LADD
­
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
LADC
­
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Concentration
(
mg/
m3)

ADD
­
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)
ADC
­
Average
Daily
Concentration
(
mug/
m3)

ADR
­
Acute
Dose
Rate
(
mg/
kg­
day)
Cp
­
Peak
Concentration
(
mg/
m3)

Note:
75
years
=
2.738e+
04
days
pot
­
potential
dose
Note:
The
general
Agency
guidance
for
assessing
short­
term,
infrequent
events
(
for
most
chemicals,
an
exposure
of
less
than
24
hours
that
occurs
no
more
frequently
than
monthly)
is
to
treat
such
events
as
independent,
acute
exposures
rather
than
as
chronic
exposure.
Thus,
estimates
of
long­
term
average
exposure
like
ADD
or
ADC
may
not
be
appropriate
for
use
in
assessing
risks
associated
with
this
type
of
exposure
pattern.
(
Methods
for
Exposure­
Response
Analysis
for
Acute
Inhalation
Exposure
to
Chemicals
(
External
Review
Draft).
EPA/
600/
R­
98/
051.
April
1998
Page
17
of
17
CEM
Dermal
Exposure
Estimates
ID
Number:
Unknown
Scenario:
Laundry
Detergent
Population:
Adult
Years
of
Use
(
years):
57
SA/
BW
Body
(
cm2/
kg):
15.6
Frequency
of
Use
(
events/
year):
52
Exposure
Units
Result
AT
(
days)

Chronic
Cancer
LADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
1.89e­
02
2.74e+
04
Chronic
Non­
Cancer
ADDpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
2.48e­
02
2.08e+
04
Acute
ADRpot
(
mg/
kg­
day)
1.74e­
01
1.00e+
00
LADD
­
Lifetime
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)

ADD
­
Average
Daily
Dose
(
mg/
kg­
day)

ADR
­
Acute
Dose
Rate
(
mg/
kg­
day)

Note:
75
years
=
2.738e+
04
days
pot
­
potential
dose
Note:
The
general
Agency
guidance
for
assessing
short­
term,
infrequent
events
(
for
most
chemicals,
an
exposure
of
less
than
24
hours
that
occurs
no
more
frequently
than
monthly)
is
to
treat
such
events
as
independent,
acute
exposures
rather
than
as
chronic
exposure.
Thus,
estimates
of
long­
term
average
exposure
like
ADD
or
ADC
may
not
be
appropriate
for
use
in
assessing
risks
associated
with
this
type
of
exposure
pattern.
(
Methods
for
Exposure­
Response
Analysis
for
Acute
Inhalation
Exposure
to
Chemicals
(
External
Review
Draft).
EPA/
600/
R­
98/
051.
April
1998
acute
dermal
exposure
=
0.17
mg/
kg/
day
acute
inhalation
exposure
=
0.92
mg/
kg/
day
total
exposure
=
1.1
mg/
kg/
day
