Page
1
of
19
UNITED
STATES
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
WASHINGTON,
D.
C.
20460
OFFICE
OF
PREVENTION,
PESTICIDES
AND
TOXIC
SUBSTANCES
July
24,
2002
MEMORANDUM
FROM:
Kathryn
Boyle,
CoChair
IIFG
and
Kerry
Leifer,
CoChair
IIFG
TO:
Robert
Forrest,
Chief
Minor
Use,
Inerts,
and
Emergency
Response
Branch
SUBJECT:
IIFG
Decision
Documents
on
Reassessing
Exemptions
from
the
Requirement
of
a
Tolerance
for
the
Mineral
Acids
(Hydrochloric,
Carbonic,
Phosphoric,
and
Sulfuric)
and
their
Ammonium,
Calcium,
Ferrous,
Ferric,
Magnesium,
Potassium,
Sodium,
and/
or
Zinc
Salts
Collectively
these
Decision
Documents
cover
four
mineral
acids
and
the
salts
of
these
acids.
The
individual
Decision
Documents
are:
(1)
Hydrochloric
Acid
and
Salts,
(2)
Salts
of
Carbonic
Acid,
(3)
Phosphoric
Acid
and
Salts,
and
(4)
Sulfuric
Acid
and
Salts.
The
Inert
Ingredient
Focus
Group
reassessment
is
based
on
various
conclusions
of
the
FAO/
WHO
Joint
Expert
Committee
on
Food
Additives,
conclusions
of
various
FDA
GRAS
(Generally
Recognized
As
Safe)
Assessments,
information
previously
used
by
OPP
as
part
of
the
reregistration
process,
and
other
information
available
on
government
websites.

In
total
46
exemptions
from
the
requirement
of
a
tolerance
in
40
CFR
180
are
reassessed.
This
total
consists
of
18
in
the
phosphoric
acid
document,
nine
in
the
hydrochloric
acid
document,
six
in
the
carbonic
acid
document,
and
13
in
the
sulfuric
acid
document.
Page
2
of
19
INERT
INGREDIENT
FOCUS
GROUP
DECISION
DOCUMENT
for
Sulfuric
Acid
and
Salts
Petition
No.:
no
Tolerance
Reassessments?:
yes
Chemical
Category/
Group:
mineral
acid
and
salts
The
following
describes
the
various
ways
that
sulfuric
acid
and
its
salts
are
used.

Table
1:
Use
Pattern
(pesticidal
­
inert
ingredient)

Chemical
Name
Inert
PC
Code
40
CFR
180.1001
Inert
Use
Pattern
(Pesticidal)
Current
Inert
List
sulfuric
acid
878001
(c)
0.
1%
of
pesticide
formulation;
pH
control
agent
3
ammonium
sulfate
805601
(c)
solid
diluent,
carrier
4B
ferric
sulfate
900332
(c)
solid
diluent,
carrier
4B
magnesium
sulfate
850503
(c)
solid
diluent,
carrier
safener
4B
potassium
sulfate
805603
(c)
solid
diluent,
carrier
4B
sodium
sulfate
805604
(c),
(e)
solid
diluent,
carrier
4B
sodium
bisulfate
873201
(d)
acidifying/
buffering
agent
4B
zinc
sulfate
(basic
and
monohydrate)
889001
911567
(c),
(c),
(e)
coating
agent
solid
diluent,
carrier
water
repellent,
dessicant
3
There
is
also
a
tolerance
exemption
for
ferrous
sulfate
in
40
CFR
180.2.

The
tolerance
exemption
for
calcium
sulfate
(40
CFR
180.1001(
e))
was
reassessed
in
the
IIFG
Decision
Document
"Weathered
Materials",
dated
January
31,
2002.
It
is
classified
as
List
Page
3
of
19
4A.

At
this
time,
only
sulfuric
acid,
ferrous
sulfate
monohydrate,
ferric
sulfate,
sodium
bisulfate,
and
zinc
sulfate
are
used
as
active
ingredients.
There
are
no
longer
any
EPA­
registered
active
ingredient
uses
for
any
of
the
other
above­
listed
sulfate
salts.

Table
2:
Use
Pattern
(pesticidal
­
active
ingredient)

Chemical
Name.
Active
PC
Code
40
CFR
Number
of
Products
Active
Use
Pattern
(Pesticidal)

sulfuric
acid
078001
180.1019
8
used
to
kill
bacteria
on
potatoes,
milking
equipment
and
in
food
processing
areas;
as
a
dessicant
ferrous
sulfate
monohydrate
180.2
15
used
to
kill
moss
and
algae
on
ornamentals
and
turf
ferric
sulfate
034902
none
2
used
to
kill
moss
on
ornamental
lawns
and
turf
sodium
bisulfate
073201
none
3
used
to
kill
bacteria
on
poultry
,
in
toilet
bowls,
and
in
air
treatment
zinc
sulfate
monohydrate
527200
none
2
used
to
kill
moss
on
wood
and
other
surfaces
Table
3:
Use
Pattern
(FDA
GRAS):

Chemical
GRAS
Citation
GRAS
Uses
sulfuric
acid
21
CFR
184.1095
pH
control
agent,
processing
aid
ammonium
sulfate
21
CFR
184.1143
dough
strengthener,
firming
agent,
processing
aid
ferrous
sulfate
21
CFR
184.1315
nutrient
supplements,
processing
aid,
use
in
infant
formula
ferric
sulfate
21
CFR
184.1307
flavoring
agent
magnesium
sulfate
21
CFR
184.1443
flavor
enhancer,
nutrient
supplement,
processing
aid
Page
4
of
19
potassium
sulfate
21
CFR
184.1643
flavoring
agent
and
adjuvant
zinc
sulfate
21
CFR
182.8997
(no
limitations
specified)

Sulfuric
acid
also
has
uses
in
food
contact
surface
sanitizing
solutions
under
21
CFR
178.1010.

Table
4:
Use
Pattern
(non­
pesticidal)

Chemical
Uses
sulfuric
acid
used
in
fertilizers,
chemicals,
dyes
and
pigments,
etchant,
alkylation
catalyst,
electroplating
baths,
iron
and
steel,
rayon
and
film,
industrial
explosives,
lab
reagent,
nonferrous
metallurgy
ammonium
sulfate
manufacture
of
ammonia
alum;
in
the
manufacture
of
hydrogen
sulfide
to
free
it
from
nitrogen
oxides;
analytical
uses;
freezing
mixtures;
flameproofing
fabrics
and
paper;
manufacture
of
viscose
silk;
tanning,
galvanizing
iron;
in
fractionation
of
proteins.
ferric
sulfate
preparation
of
iron
alums,
other
iron
salts
and
pigments;
coagulant
in
water
purification
and
sewage
treatment;
aluminum
etching;
pickling
stainless
steel
and
copper;
as
mordant
in
textile
dyeing
and
calico
printing;
soil
conditioners;
polymerization
catalyst.
magnesium
sulfate
also
known
as
epsom
salts;
as
a
cathartic
and
analgesic
in
medicine;
finishing
agent
for
textiles;
as
water­
correcting
agent
in
brewing
industry;
component
of
fireproofing
compositions,
preservatives,
tanning
&
coagulating
agents;
chemical
intermediate
for
magnesium
trisilicate;
component
of
nickel
baths
for
plating
other
metals;
catalyst
support
for
platinum
in
sulfuric
acid
production
potassium
sulfate
fertilizer
for
chloride­
sensitive
crops
(tobacco);
accelerator
in
wallboard
(construction
industry);
agent
in
manufacture
of
glass;
cathartic
in
human
medicine;
water­
corrective
agent
for
foods
(brewery
water);
setting­
expansion
control
agent
for
dental
materials
sodium
sulfate
tanning;
pharmaceuticals;
freezing
mixtures;
laboratory
reagent
zinc
sulfate
zinc
sulfate
&
hydrated
lime,
8
lb
of
each
to
100
gal
of
water,
are
used
to
prepare
spray
called
zinc­
lime
which
is
the
zinc
equivalent
of
bordeaux
mixt.
Zinc­
lime
is
used
extensively
for
control
of
bacterial
spot
disease
of
peaches.

depressant
in
froth
flotation,
eg,
for
lead­
zinc
ores;
component
of
spinning
bath
in
manufacturer
of
rayon;
chemical
intermediate
for
manufacture
of
lithopone
(pigment),
carbamate
fungicides
(zineb),
zinc
metal,
other
zinc
compounds
(zinc
stearate);
component
of
zinc
plating
baths;
chemical
for
water
treatment;
component
of
cosmetics
(skin
fresheners);
reagent
for
paper
bleaching;
in
manufacter
of
glue;
accelerating
agent
in
dental
impression
material;
agent
in
textile
dyeing
and
printing;
preservative
for
wood
and
hides;
fireproofing
agent
It
should
be
noted
that
potassium
sulfate
has
use
as
a
fertilizer
and
sulfuric
acid
is
used
in
the
preparation
of
fertilizers.
Plants
need
various
elements
(metals
and
non­
metals)
for
proper
growth.
Especially
for
agricultural
crops,
plants
are
supplied
these
elements
as
part
of
chemical
Page
5
of
19
fertilizers.
The
most
important
elements
for
plant
growth
are
nitrogen,
phosphorus,
and
potassium.
Other
metals
needed
in
the
soil
for
plant
up­
take
are
calcium,
magnesium,
iron,
and
trace
elements
such
as
zinc.
Potassium
sulfate
is
intentionally
added
to
growing
agricultural
crops
as
needed
to
promote
plant
growth.

Assessment
of
Sulfuric
Acid
and
its
Salts
Sulfuric
acid
and
its
ammonium,
sodium,
potassium,
calcium,
magnesium,
iron,
and
zinc
salts
are
being
assessed
as
a
group
due
to
their
chemical
similarities.
Due
to
its
acidic
nature
the
toxicity
of
sulfuric
acid
will
be
different
from
those
of
the
more
neutral
sulfate
salts.
However,
these
sulfate
salts
all
contain
the
sulfate
ion
(as
either
HSO4
­1
or
SO4
­2
),
and
thus
share
some
common
chemistries.
A
major
focus
of
this
assessment
is
the
work
previously
performed
by
FDA
in
assessing
the
safety
of
these
chemicals
as
food
additives.

1.
Physical/
Chemical
Properties:

The
physical
and
chemical
properties
of
sulfuric
acid
and
its
various
salts
are
described
in
the
May
7,
2002
EFED
Assessment.
See
attached.

2.
Information
Sources:

The
following
information
was
used
in
performing
this
assessment:
The
available
information
consisted
of
information
retrieved
from
various
websites,
such
as,
°EPA(
www.
epa.
gov),
°NIOSH,(
www.
cdc.
gov/
niosh/
ipcsneng/
neng1197.html),
(www.
cdc.
gov/
niosh/
ipcsneng/
neng0362.html),
(www.
cdc.
gov/
niosh/
74­
128.html)
(www.
cdc.
gov/
niosh/
idlh/
7664939.html)
°
TOXNET
(
www.
toxnet.
nlm.
nih.
gov.)
°
NTP
(ntp­
server.
niehs.
nih.
gov/
NewHomeRoc/
9RoCFacts.
html)
°WHO(
www.
inchem.
org/
documents/
jecfa/
jecmono/
v05je83.htm)
and
(www.
inchem.
org/
documents/
jecfa/
jecmono/
40abcj43.htm)

Various
FDA
GRAS
Assessments
were
used,
as
well
as,
the
FAO/
WHO
Assessment
for
sodium
sulfate.

3.
NIOSH
(National
Institute
for
Occupational
Safety
and
Health)

The
NIOSH
IDHL
(immediately
dangerous
to
life
or
health)
Documentation
and
the
International
Chemical
Safety
Card
for
sulfuric
acid
indicate
that
it
is
a
colorless,
oily,
odorless
liquid.
The
IDHL
is
15
mg/
m
3
.
The
TLV
(Threshold
Limit
Value)
is
1
mg/
m
3
(TWA).
Sulfuric
Page
6
of
19
acid
reacts
violently
with
water.
It
is
corrosive
to
the
skin
and
the
respiratory
tract,
and
on
ingestion.

The
NIOSH
International
Chemical
Safety
Card
for
magnesium
sulfate
indicates
that
a
TLV
has
not
been
established.
No
effects
were
noted.

4.
Acid
Characteristics
An
acid
is
a
substance
that
when
dissolved
in
water
yields
H
+
ions.
The
increase
of
the
concentration
of
the
H
+
ions
lowers
the
pH.
Mineral
acids
contain
a
non­
metal
such
as
phosphorus,
nitrogen,
sulfur,
or
chlorine
which
may
or
may
not
be
combined
with
oxygen.
When
combined
with
oxygen,
these
anions
can
be
referred
to
as
oxyanions.
Strong
acids
are
those
acids
that
when
dissolved
completely
transfer
their
H
+
ions
to
water.
Sulfuric
acid
is
an
example
of
a
strong
acid.

5.
Cations:
Sodium,
Potassium,
Calcium,
Magnesium,
Iron,
and
Zinc
Generally,
a
salt
of
a
strong
acid,
such
as
sulfuric
acid,
when
dissolved
in
water,
dissociates
to
yield
the
sulfate
anion
(an
anion
which
is
negatively
charged)
and
a
positively
charged
cation.
In
the
human
body,
these
salts
tend
to
dissociate
and
thus,
for
the
most
part,
react
in
the
body
as
the
anion
and
the
cation.

Metals
such
as
calcium,
sodium,
magnesium,
potassium,
iron
and
zinc
are
required
for
proper
functioning
of
human
biological
systems.
For
risk
assessment
purposes
an
important
feature
of
these
metals
is
that
overall
the
body
does
have
an
effective
means
of
processing
them.
The
primary
means
of
exposure
to
these
cations
is
ingestion.
Four
of
the
most
common
cations
required
for
functioning
of
human
biology
are:
sodium,
potassium,
calcium
and
magnesium.
Chemically,
sodium
and
potassium
belong
to
the
same
chemical
family:
calcium
and
magnesium
belong
to
a
different
chemical
family.

Sodium:

The
average
human
body
burden
of
sodium
is
approximately
20
grams
(g)
for
a
70
kilogram
(kg)
adult.
The
sodium
cation
is
necessary
for
the
nerves
and
muscles
to
function
properly.
It
is
the
principal
cation
of
extracellular
fluid,
and
helps
to
maintain
the
body's
water
balance.
These
electrolytes,
the
electrically
charged
ions
in
the
body
fluids,
consist
to
a
great
extent
of
sodium
and
potassium.
There
is
no
Recommended
Dietary
Allowance
(RDA)
for
sodium.

Potassium:

The
average
human
body
burden
of
potassium
is
approximately
140
g
for
a
70
kg
adult.
The
potassium
cation
is
important
in
regulating
blood
pressure,
regulating
cellular
water
content,
maintaining
proper
pH
balance,
and
transmission
of
nerve
impulses.
It
helps
to
regulate
the
Page
7
of
19
electrical
activity
of
the
heart
and
muscles.
The
potassium
RDA
is
900
mg/
day.

Calcium:

The
average
human
body
burden
of
calcium
is
approximately
1
kg
for
a
70
kg
adult;
or
1/
70th
of
our
weight
is
calcium.
The
calcium
cation
is
necessary
for
bone
and
teeth
formation.
It
is
also
important
to
the
proper
functioning
of
nerves,
enzymes,
and
muscles,
and
plays
a
role
in
blood
clotting
and
the
maintenance
of
cell
membranes.
The
RDAs
for
calcium
are
1000
mg/
day
for
adults
aged
19
to
50
years
and
1200
mg/
day
for
individuals
older
than
50
years.

Magnesium:

The
average
human
body
burden
of
magnesium
is
approximately
20
g
for
a
70
kg
adult.
The
magnesium
cation
is
also
used
in
building
bones.
It
plays
a
role
in
releasing
energy
from
muscles
and
regulating
body
temperature.
The
RDA
for
magnesium
is
310
to
320
mg/
day
for
adult
females
and
400
to
420
mg/
day
for
adult
males
with
the
RDA
increasing
with
increasing
age.

Two
common
metal
cations
that
are
needed
for
functioning
of
human
biology,
but
in
smaller
amounts
often
referred
to
as
trace,
are
iron
and
zinc.

Iron:

The
human
body
burden
of
iron
is
approximately
4.1
g
for
a
70
kg
adult.
Iron
functions
as
a
carrier
of
oxygen.
The
hemoglobin
molecule
in
blood
transports
oxygen
from
the
lungs
to
the
cells.
The
myoglobin
molecule
supplies
oxygen
to
muscle
cells.
Iron
deficiency
is
characterized
by
anemia,
stunted
growth,
fatigue,
and
lowered
resistance
to
infection.
The
RDAs
for
iron
are
10
mg/
day
[0.
14
mg/
kg/
day
for
an
adult
(70
kg)
male
(25
to
50
years)]
and
15
mg/
day
[0.
25
for
an
adult
(60
kg)
female
(19
to
50
years)].
Pregnant
and
nursing
woman
have
increased
requirements
for
iron.

Dietary
iron
is
poorly
absorbed.
The
intestinal
mucosa
is
a
limiting
factor
in
iron
absorption.
Normal
absorption
is
about
1
mg/
day
in
an
adult
male,
and
about
1.4
mg/
day
in
an
adult
female.
Absorption
occurs
in
the
divalent
(ferrous)
form,
which
must
then
be
oxidized
to
the
trivalent
(ferric)
form
for
use.
Acute
toxicity
of
iron
ingested
from
normal
dietary
sources
has
not
been
reported.
However,
death
especially
in
young
children
has
resulted
from
ingestion
of
large
overdoses
of
medicinal
iron.
(doses
ranging
from
40
to
1600
mg/
kg
­
average
900
mg/
kg).
It
is
noted
that
the
iron
from
ferric
salts
is
less
well
absorbed
than
that
from
ferrous
salts.

Zinc:

The
average
human
body
burden
of
zinc
is
approximately
100
milligram
(mg)
for
a
70
kg
adult.
The
zinc
cation
is
a
component
of
many
enzymes
and
therefore
has
substantial
involvement
in
many
metabolic
processes.
It
also
assists
in
wound
healing,
blood
formation,
and
general
Page
8
of
19
growth
and
maintenance
of
the
body's
tissues.
The
RDAs
for
zinc
are
15
mg/
day
[0.
21
mg/
kg/
day
for
an
adult
(70
kg)
male]
and
12
mg/
day
[0.
2
mg/
kg/
day
for
an
adult
(60
kg)
female].
According
to
FDA,
the
average
daily
intake
of
zinc
from
food
(including
water)
was
0.
23
mg/
kg/
day
in
the
early
1980s.
Consuming
too
much
zinc
(i.
e.
,
10
to
15
times
the
RDA)
can
cause
health
concerns
such
as
anemia,
pancreatic
and
kidney
effects,
and
certain
developmental
effects.
Consuming
too
little
zinc
can
cause
loss
of
appetite
,
decreased
sense
of
taste
and
smell,
decreased
immune
function,
slow
wound
healing,
skin
sores,
and
developmental
effects.

6.
Ammonium
Salt:

Ammonium
sulfate
dissociates
to
the
negative
anion
and
the
positively
charged
ammonium
cation
(NH4
+
).
Humans
cannot
convert
atmospheric
nitrogen
to
any
form
that
can
be
used
as
part
of
any
of
the
various
metabolic
cycles.
Therefore,
reduced
nitrogen
(NH4
+
)
has
to
enter
the
body
from
an
outside
source.
These
sources
are
the
nitrogen­
containing
amino
acids
in
protein
which
are
consumed
daily
as
part
of
the
diet.
Although
the
human
body
can
produce
some
amino
acids,
ten
amino
acids
are
considered
"essential"
amino
acids,
i.
e.,
they
must
be
consumed
in
the
diet.

Generally
the
body
works
to
maintain
a
balance
of
nitrogen
intake
and
nitrogen
excretion.
The
estimated
daily
ammonia
intake
through
food
and
drinking
water
is
18
mg.
In
contrast,
4000
mg
of
ammonia
per
day
are
produced
endogenously
in
the
human
intestine.

Ammonia
and
the
ammonium
ion
are
integral
components
of
normal
human
metabolic
processes.
Ammonia
is
released
following
deamination
that
occurs
when
protein
is
used
by
the
body
for
energy
production.
The
liver
converts
ammonia
via
the
urea
cycle
into
urea.
According
to
FDA
in
the
"Evaluation
of
the
Health
Aspects
of
Certain
Ammonium
Salts
as
Food
Ingredients"
(1974),
"the
normal
liver
so
readily
detoxifies
ammonium
ion
from
alimentary
sources
that
blood
concentrations
of
ammonium
salts
do
not
rise
to
the
levels
necessary
to
evoke
toxic
response."
Approximately
80%
of
the
body's
excess
nitrogen
is
eliminated
through
the
kidneys
as
urea,
approximately
25
to
30
grams
per
day.
Page
9
of
19
7.

Toxicological
Profile
Table
The
Agency
has
not
reviewed
any
of
the
toxicological
studies
in
the
following
table
for
sulfuric
acid
or
any
of
its
salts.
The
reviews
of
these
studies
were
obtained
from
Toxnet,

as
well
as
other
government
websites.
Table
5:

Toxicological
Profile
Chemical
Toxicity
Other
Information
Sulfuric
Acid
Solutions
of
greater
than
10%
are
severely
corrosive
by
all
routes
of
exposure;
Solutions
of
less
than
>10%
are
strong
irritants;
IARC:
There
is
sufficient
evidence
that
occupational
exposure
to
strong­

inorganic­
acid
mists
containing
sulfuric
acid
is
carcinogenic;
ATSDR:
No
significant
developmental
or
reproductive
effects
in
mice
or
rabbits
exposed
to
20
mg/
m
3
sulfuric
acid
aerosols
7
hours
per
day
on
gestation
days
6
to
15
CERCLA
Reportable
Quantity:
greater
than
1000
lb
(454
kg);
1993
US
production=
80.3
billion
lbs;
Ammonium
Sulfate
13
week
oral
in
rats;

doses
0,

0.38,
0.75,
1.5,

3.0%;
NOEL
=

1.5%

in
males
(886
mg/
kg/

day),
3%

in
females
(1975
mg/
kg/

day),

(HDT)
Ferric
Sulfate
Irritant
to
skin,
eyes
and
mucous
membranes;
Excessive
iron
intake
may
cause
toxicity
Primary
use
is
in
waste
water
treatment;
Page
10
of
19
Magnesium
Sulfate
Cathartic;
Massive
doses
may
cause
systemic
toxicity
primarily
loss
of
fluid
and
electrolytes;
Negative
in
Ames
TA100,

TA1535,
TA98
with
and
without
activation;
Negative
in
E.

coli
with
and
without
activiation;
Lowest
published
oral
toxic
dose
in
humans:
428
mg/
kg
(m)
351
mg/
kg(
f);
Changes
in
serum
composition
(f,

m),

muscle
weakness
(f,

m),

cardiac
arrhythmias
(f);
Lowest
published
lethal
dose
in
rats
after
oral
exposure
5g/
kg
US
production
5.

7x10
11
g
(1985)
Potassium
Sulfate
Saline
cathartic;
Systemic
toxicity
unlikely
unless
massive
doses
consumed;
Toxicity
results
from
excessive
loss
of
fluid
and
electrolytes.

1985
US
production
2x10
11
g;
EPA
Drinking
Water
standard:
250,000
ug/
L
sulfate
ion
Sodium
Sulfate
Mouse
oral
LD50
=

5989mg/
kg;
Non­
toxic
and
non­

irritating
to
skin
and
mucous
membranes;
Saline
cathartic;
systemic
toxicity
unlikely
unless
massive
doses
consumed;
Toxicity
results
from
excessive
loss
of
fluid
and
electrolytes;
Negative
in
cell
transformation
(viral
enhanced)

in
Syrian
hamster
embryo
(SA7/
SHE)
cells;
Positive
in
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
reverse
gene
mutation
assay
1993
US
production
1.

44billion
lb;
EPA
Drinking
Water
standard:
250,000
ug/
L
sulfate
ion
Zinc
Sulfate
Irritating
to
skin,
eyes
and
mucous
membranes;
Use
as
an
emetic
may
result
in
hemolytic
and
renal
toxicity;
Ames
negative
in
TA97,
TA102
with
and
without
activation
with
S­
9;
Negative
in
Cell
transformation
with
Syrian
hamster
embryo
cells;
Negative
in
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae.

Regulated
by
Clean
Water
Act;

subject
to
effluent
regulations:
EPA
DW
5000ug/
L
;
US
production
3.

5x10
10
g
(1985)
Page
11
of
19
8.
OPP
REDs
(Reregistration
Eligibility
Decision
Document)

Mineral
Acid
RED
The
following
information
on
the
acute
toxicity
of
sulfuric
acid
was
extracted
from
the
1993
Mineral
Acid
RED:
The
oral
LD50
is
350
mg/
kg,
toxicity
category
II.
The
dermal
LD50
is
>
2000
mg/
kg,
toxicity
category
III.
Sulfuric
acid
is
toxicity
category
I
for
eye
and
dermal
irritation.
No
other
toxicological
data
were
required
based
on
the
use
patterns
at
the
time
of
the
issuance
of
the
RED
and
the
corrosiveness
shown
in
the
acute
studies
for
dermal
and
eye
irritation.

There
was
also
information
on
the
acute
toxicity
of
sodium
bisulfate
in
the
1993
RED:
The
oral
LD50
is
3000
mg/
kg,
toxicity
category
III.
The
dermal
LD50
is
>
10,000
mg/
kg,
toxicity
category
III.
Sodium
bisulfate
is
toxicity
category
I
for
eye
irritation,
and
toxicity
category
IV
for
dermal
irritation.
No
other
toxicological
data
were
required
based
on
the
use
patterns
at
the
time
of
the
issuance
of
the
RED
and
the
fact
that
it
forms
ubiquitous
metabolic
products,
sodium
and
sulfate,
that
are
of
little
toxicological
concern.

Iron
Salts
RED
The
Iron
Salts
RED
(1993)
contains
toxicity
information
on
ferric
sulfate,
ferrous
sulfate
monohydrate,
and
ferrous
sulfate
heptahydrate.
The
ferric
sulfate
oral
LD50
is
1487
to
2101
mg/
kg,
toxicity
category
III.
The
dermal
LD50
is
>
2000
mg/
kg,
toxicity
category
III.
The
inhalation
LC50
is
>
1.
1
mg/
L,
toxicity
category
III.
Ferric
sulfate
is
toxicity
category
I
for
eye
irritation
and
toxicity
category
IV
for
dermal
irritation.
For
ferrous
sulfate
heptahydrate
the
LD50
is
1520
mg/
kg.
A
sensitization
study
with
ferric
and
ferrous
sulfate
found
no
indication
of
contact
sensitization
by
this
compound.

According
to
the
RED,
a
"mutagenicity
study
in
E.
coli
reported
positive
results
at
30
umol/
L.
With
due
regard
for
the
continuing
exposure
that
human
beings
have
had
to
the
iron
and
sulfate
components
of
these
chemicals
over
many
generation,
it
is
considered
unlikely
that
this
reported
result
in
microorganisms
has
any
bearing
on
probable
effects
in
humans
or
other
mammals
at
the
levels
expected
from
use
of
these
compounds
as
pesticides."

Zinc
Salts
RED
The
following
information
on
the
acute
toxicity
of
zinc
sulfate
was
extracted
from
the
1992
Zinc
Salts
RED:
The
oral
LD50
is
>
2949
mg/
kg,
toxicity
category
III.
Zinc
sulfate
acid
is
classified
as
toxicity
category
I
for
eye
irritation
based
on
one
study
in
which
"severe
irritation
was
found
when
0.09
g
of
99%
zinc
sulfate
was
applied
to
rabbit
eyes.
In
another
study,
the
application
of
420
ug
zinc
sulfate
to
the
rabbit
eye
found
moderate
irritation."
Zinc
sulfate
is
toxicity
category
IV
for
dermal
irritation
(very
slight
irritation).

In
a
chronic
study,
"zinc
sulfate
caused
hematological
changes
in
rats
and
dogs
fed
about
Page
12
of
19
100
ppm
in
the
diet.
...
In
another
report,
mice
given
up
to
5000
ppm
of
zinc
as
zinc
sulfate
in
drinking
water
showed
no
evidence
of
carcinogenicity
and
no
differences
between
treated
and
control
groups."

"When
rats
were
given
333
mg/
kg
zinc
sulfate
orally
on
days
1­
18
of
pregnancy,
there
was
post­
implantation
mortality.
Teratologic
studies
with
oral
zinc
sulfate
in
three
species
of
animals
were
negative
for
effects
on
pregnancy,
maternal
or
fetal
survival,
or
abnormalities.
In
these
studies
mice
were
given
up
to
30
mg/
kg/
day
for
days
6­
15
of
gestation,
rats
were
given
up
to
42.5
mg/
kg/
day
for
days
6­
15
of
gestation,
and
hamsters
were
given
up
to
88
mg/
kg/
day
for
days
6­
10
of
gestation.

According
to
the
RED,
"[
p]
ositive
results
have
been
seen
with
zinc
sulfate
in
some
studies,
including
a
Drosophila
melanogaster
sex
chromosome
assay
with
an
oral
5
mmol/
L
dose
and
a
mutation
assay
with
Saccharomyces
cerevisiae
at
100
mmol/
L.
DNA
inhibition
was
seen
in
human
HeLa
cells
at
1
umol/
L/
4
hours
and
oncogenic
transformation
occurred
at
200
umol/
L
with
hamster
embryo."

It
was
concluded
that:
"Although
some
positive
mutagenicity
studies
have
been
reported,
there
is
no
indication
of
mutagenic
effects
in
normal
living
organisms
from
everyday
exposure.
Living
organisms
have
long
been
exposed
to
the
components
of
zinc
[sulfate]
without
such
exposure
being
attributed
to
mutagenicity."

9.
FDA
GRAS
(Generally
Recognized
As
Safe)
Assessments
Ammonium
Sulfate
In
the
FDA
Assessment
titled
"Evaluation
of
the
Health
Aspects
of
Certain
Ammonium
Salts
as
Food
Ingredients"
(1974),
the
following
general
conclusion
on
ammonium
compounds
was
reached:

"Ammonia
and
ammonium
ion
are
integral
components
of
normal
metabolic
processes
and
play
an
essential
role
in
the
physiology
of
man.
Although
there
have
been
no
significant
feeding
studies
specifically
designed
to
ascertain
the
safety
threshold
of
ammonium
compounds
as
food
ingredients,
numerous
metabolic
studies
have
been
reported
in
the
scientific
literature.
Extrapolation
of
these
findings
to
the
concentrations
of
ammonium
compounds
normally
present
in
foods
does
not
suggest
that
there
would
be
untoward
effects
at
such
levels."

Ammonium
sulfate
was
evaluated
in
the
"FDA
Assessment
titled
Evaluation
of
the
Health
Aspects
of
Sulfuric
Acid
and
Sulfates
as
Food
Ingredients."
(1975)
Ammonium
sulfate
has
been
used
in
food
in
the
US
since
1957.
For
infants
(0
to
23
months)
the
average
daily
intake
of
ammonium
sulfate
in
1975
ranged
from
0.53
to
2.58
mg/
kg.
For
adults,
it
was
1.01
mg/
kg.

Magnesium
Sulfate
Page
13
of
19
The
FDA
Assessment
is
titled
"Evaluation
of
the
Health
Aspects
of
Magnesium
Salts
as
Food
Ingredients"
(1976).
Magnesium
is
(1)
a
dietary
essential,
(2)
involved
in
many
metabolic
reactions,
(3)
important
in
electrolyte
balance,
and
(4)
present
in
fruits,
vegetables,
grains,
milk,
meat
and
fish.
There
are
no
chronic
toxicity
data.
The
"status
of
magnesium
as
a
ubiquitous
and
essential
dietary
ingredient
for
the
maintenance
of
homeostatic
and
bioenergetic
mechanisms
leads
to
the
opinion
that
none
of
the
available
evidence
suggests
any
probable
hazard
when
any
of
the
GRAS
compounds
of
magnesium
is
used
as
a
food
ingredient."
It
was
concluded
that
there
was
no
available
information
on
magnesium
sulfate
that
"demonstrates,
or
suggests
reasonable
grounds
to
suspect,
a
hazard
to
the
public
when
they
are
used
at
levels
that
are
now
current
and
in
the
manner
now
practiced,
or
which
might
reasonably
be
expected
in
the
future."

Potassium
and
Sodium
Sulfate
The
FDA
Assessment
is
titled
"Evaluation
of
the
Health
Aspects
of
Sulfuric
Acid
and
Sulfates
as
Food
Ingredients."
(1975).
For
infants
(0
to
23
months)
the
average
daily
intake
of
potassium
sulfate
in
1975
ranged
from
0.05
to
0.49
mg/
kg.
For
adults,
it
was
0.17
mg/
kg.
No
information
was
given
for
sodium
sulfate.

Sulfates
are
present
in
many
foods.
Several
amino
acids
contain
sulfur.
"Sulfates
are
not
rapidly
absorbed
from
the
gastrointestinal
tract."
In
a
metabolism
studies
in
rats,
mice
and
dogs,
it
was
observed
that
most
sulfate
(in
rats
greater
than
80%
)
was
excreted
in
24
hours,
most
of
it
in
the
urine.

"Sulfates
are
natural
constituents
of
foods
and
normal
products
of
sulfur
metabolism
in
animals.....
it
is
evident
that
the
toxic
manifestations
following
oral
administration
of
the
sulfates
considered
in
this
report
appear
only
at
levels
that
are
many
times
greater
than
those
to
which
man
is
exposed
in
his
daily
diet."
It
was
concluded
that:
"There
is
no
evidence
in
the
available
information
on
sulfuric
acid,
and
on
ammonium,
calcium,
potassium,
and
sodium
sulfates
that
demonstrates,
or
suggests
reasonable
grounds
to
suspect,
a
hazard
to
the
public
when
they
are
used
at
levels
that
are
now
current
or
that
might
reasonably
be
expected
in
future."

Zinc
Sulfate
In
the
"GRAS
(Generally
Recognized
As
Safe)
Food
Ingredients
­
Zinc
Salts"
document
(1972),
the
available
information
related
to
the
safety
of
zinc
sulfate
as
a
food
ingredient
is
summarized.
However,
the
document
offered
no
conclusions.

10.
FAO/
WHO
Expert
Committee
on
Food
Additives
WHO
performed
an
assessment
on
sodium
sulfate
in
2000.
This
assessment
references
an
evaluation
of
the
sulfate
ion
at
the
twenty­
ninth
meeting
(Annex
1,
reference
70).
At
that
time
an
ADI
of
"not
specified"
was
established
based
on
the
fact
that
"sulfate
is
a
natural
constituent
of
food
and
is
a
product
of
sulfur
metabolism
in
animals."
Sodium
sulfate
was
not
included
in
that
Page
14
of
19
ADI:
at
the
time,
there
was
no
information
to
indicate
the
sodium
sulfate
was
being
used
as
a
food­
grade
material.

Various
studies
were
described
including
those
on
renal
clearance
and
laxative
trials
in
humans,
and
long­
term
and
developmental
studies
in
mice.
It
was
concluded:

"...
that
the
results
of
the
published
studies
in
experimental
animals
do
not
raise
concern
about
the
toxicity
of
sodium
sulfate.
The
compound
has
a
laxative
action,
which
is
the
basis
for
its
clinical
use.
The
minor
adverse
effects
reported
after
use
of
ingested
purgative
preparations
containing
sodium
sulfate
may
not
be
due
to
the
sodium
sulfate
itself.

In
the
absence
of
any
evidence
of
toxicity,
the
Committee
allocated
a
temporary
ADI
`not
specified'.....
The
ADI
was
made
temporary
because
no
information
was
available
on
the
functional
effect
and
actual
uses
of
sodium
sulfate
in
foods."

11.
Human
Health
Hazard
Characterization:

Sulfuric
acid
in
its
concentrated
form
is
highly
corrosive.
Due
to
this
property
toxicity
testing
can
only
be
performed
on
dilute
concentrations
or
on
neutralized
forms
of
the
acid
such
as
a
salt.
The
consequences
of
acute
exposure
to
sulfuric
acid
are
well­
understood.
"Concentrated
sulfuric
acid
has
an
extremely
irritant,
corrosive,
and
destructive
action
on
all
living
matter
including
human
tissues,
not
by
virtue
of
its
acidity
(in
concentrated
form
it
is
only
slightly
ionized)
but
because
of
its
affinity
for
water.
The
affinity
is
so
strong
that
it
will
remove
the
elements
of
water
from
even
anhydrous
organic
matter
such
as
carbohydrates,
resulting
in
charring
or
carbonization
with
the
liberation
of
heat.
In
sulfuric
acid
splashing
accidents,
the
heat
liberated
by
dilution
of
the
concentrated
acid
with
water
used
to
flush
the
affected
areas,
can
add
thermal
burn
to
chemical
injury
of
the
body."
Thus
sulfuric
acid
"can
burn
and
char
the
skin.
It
is
even
more
rapidly
injurious
to
the
mucous
membranes,
and
exceedingly
dangerous
to
the
eyes.
Dilute
sulfuric
acid,
while
it
does
not
possess
this
charring
property,
irritates
the
skin
and
mucous
membranes
by
virtue
of
its
acidity
and
can
cause
dermatitis."

Exposure
to
a
mist
of
sulfuric
acid
can
cause
irritant
effects
on
the
mucous
membranes
and
chemical
corrosive
effects
upon
the
teeth.
Strong
inorganic
acid
mists
containing
sulfuric
acid
are
listed
as
known
human
carcinogens.

Exposure
to
sulfuric
acid
in
pesticide
products
as
an
inert
ingredient
would
be
in
the
role
of
a
pH
adjuster,
that
is,
a
liquid
form,
not
a
mist.
This
is
indicative
of
the
use
of
small
amounts
of
sulfuric
acid
that
are
incorporated
in
a
pesticide
product
to
lower
the
pH
.
After
the
pH
adjustment
is
performed,
the
sulfuric
acid
would
be
neutralized.
As
an
active
ingredient
sulfuric
acid
is
subject
to
FIFRA
registration
requirements
and
various
labeling
language
as
specified
in
the
RED
(Reregistration
Eligibility
Decision).
Sulfuric
acid
must
be
used
and
applied
according
Page
15
of
19
to
good
manufacturing
or
good
agricultural
practices.
However,
there
are
no
significant
adverse
effects,
to
the
general
public
or
any
population
subgroup
from
consumption
of
residues
of
sulfuric
acid
resulting
from
such
uses.

As
a
group
these
salts
of
sulfuric
acid
constitute
a
group
of
chemicals
with
many
uses
including
direct
use
in
the
food
supply.
The
available
toxicity
data
indicates
that
the
human
body
metabolizes
sulfate,
ammonium,
calcium,
iron,
magnesium,
potassium,
sodium
and
zinc
ions
through
well­
understood
pathways.
In
fact,
all
are
necessary
human
nutrients.
Various
salts
of
sulfuric
acid
have
been
used
in
the
food
supply
for
a
number
of
years.
There
are
no
available
data
to
indicate
any
significant
adverse
effects
to
the
general
public
or
any
population
subgroup
from
consumption
of
residues
of
the
ammonium,
calcium,
iron,
magnesium,
potassium,
sodium,
and
zinc
salts
of
sulfuric
acid
resulting
from
pesticide
product
uses.

Given
the
long
history
of
safe
use,
the
available
toxicity
data,
an
understanding
of
the
human
body's
ability
to
metabolize
these
chemicals,
and
the
evaluations
by
FDA
and
WHO,
the
IIFG
believes
that
ammonium,
sodium,
potassium,
magnesium,
calcium,
iron,
and
zinc
sulfate
salts
are
of
low
oral
toxicity.

12.
Type
of
Risk
Assessment/
Risk
Characterization:

The
toxicity
of
these
chemicals
derives
from
the
irritation
and
caustic
effects;
therefore,
a
qualitative
assessment
for
all
pathways
of
human
exposure
(food,
drinking
water,
and
residential)
is
appropriate.

Given
the
widespread
occurrence
of
sulfuric
acid
and
its
salts
in
the
existing
food
supply,
the
amounts
that
can
be
applied
to
food
as
a
result
of
a
use
in
a
pesticide
product
would
not
be
expected
to
significantly
increase
the
existing
amounts
in
the
food
supply.
There
is
no
available
information
on
any
of
the
salts
of
sulfuric
acid
considered
in
this
document
indicative
of
a
human
health
hazard
resulting
from
the
EPA­
regulated
uses
as
well
as
the
FDA
GRAS
uses
to
the
general
public
or
any
population
subgroup.
No
additional
information
is
needed
to
assess
their
safety.

13.
Sensitivity
of
Infants
and
Children:

Due
to
its
acidic
nature,
its
corrosive
potential,
there
is
high
acute
toxicity
for
sulfuric
acid.
Sulfuric
acid
must
be
used
in
pesticide
products
according
to
good
manufacturing
or
good
agricultural
practices.
The
ammonium,
sodium,
potassium,
magnesium,
calcium,
iron,
and
zinc
salts
of
sulfuric
acid
have
low
toxic
potential.
At
this
time,
there
is
no
concern
for
potential
sensitivity
to
infants
and
children.
A
safety
factor
analysis
has
not
been
used
to
assess
the
risk.
For
the
same
reasons
the
additional
tenfold
safety
factor
is
unnecessary.

14.
Environmental
Fate
and
Ecotoxicity
Assessment/
Characterization:
Page
16
of
19
In
general,
the
constituents
of
the
mineral
acids,
such
as
sulfuric
acid,
are
commonly
found
in
soil
and
water
in
the
environment
suggesting
that
releasing
low
levels
of
these
chemicals
would
not
normally
be
expected
to
adversely
effect
wildlife
or
water
resources.
Large
releases
may
adversely
affect
wildlife
and
water
resources
either
directly
or
indirectly.
Direct
effects
may
result
from
exceeding
toxicity
thresholds
of
specific
chemicals.
Indirect
effects
may
be
manifested
through
disrupting
ecosystems
through
altering
pH
or
increasing
availability
of
algal
nutrients.

Sulfuric
acid
is
a
strong
acid.
The
magnitude
of
the
pH
changes,
and
thus
the
magnitude
of
effects,
would
depend
on
a
number
of
factors
including
the
amount
of
material
released
and
the
buffering
capacity
of
the
exposed
soil
or
water.
Normal
aquatic
pHs
range
from
5
to
9.
EPA's
Office
of
Water
recommended
water
quality
criteria
for
pH
are
6.
5
to
9
for
freshwater
and
6.
5
to
8.5
for
saltwater.
At
higher
or
lower
pH
aquatic
life
is
expected
to
be
adversely
impacted.
In
addition,
rapid
changes
in
pH
can
also
be
detrimental
to
aquatic
life.
Sulfuric
acid
is
not
expected
to
be
persistent
in
the
environment.
Instead
it
is
expected
to
dissociate,
react
with
organic
or
inorganic
materials,
and
complex
with
ionic
substrates.

The
magnesium,
sodium,
potassium,
iron,
and
zinc
salts
of
sulfuric
acid
should
dissociate
in
water
resulting
in
a
positively
charged
(cation)
metal
in
solution.
Dissociation
is
frequently
dependent
on
pH,
with
lower
(more
acidic)
pHs
resulting
in
higher
levels
of
dissociation
and
greater
solubility.
Aquatic
toxicity
of
metals
varies
with
the
species
of
metal
and
its
concentration.
EPA's
freshwater
water
quality
criteria
for
iron
is
1
ppm
implying
relatively
low
toxicity.
Zinc
has
recommended
criteria
implying
these
metals
are
more
toxic.
Metals
do
not
degrade
and
thus
are
permanent
in
the
environment.
They
are
likely
to
dissipate
by
being
sequestered
in
soil,
sediment,
and
plants.

15.
Cumulative
Exposure:

Section
408(
b)(
2)(
D)(
v)
requires
that,
when
considering
whether
to
establish,
modify,
or
revoke
a
tolerance,
the
Agency
consider
"available
information"
concerning
the
cumulative
effects
of
a
particular
pesticide
chemical's
residues
and
"other
substances
that
have
a
common
mechanism
of
toxicity."
The
chemicals
considered
in
this
document
are
structurally
related;
however,
all
of
the
salts
are
low
toxicity
chemicals.
Therefore,
the
resultant
risks
separately
and/
or
combined
should
also
be
low.
EPA
does
not
have,
at
this
time,
available
data
to
determine
whether
these
pesticide
chemicals
have
a
common
mechanism
of
toxicity
with
other
substances
or
how
to
include
these
pesticide
chemicals
in
a
cumulative
risk
assessment.

16.
Determination
of
Safety:

Based
on
its
review
and
evaluation
of
the
available
information,
EPA
concludes
that
there
is
a
reasonable
certainty
that
no
harm
will
result
to
the
general
population,
and
to
infants
and
children
from
aggregate
exposure
to
residues
of
sulfuric
acid
and
its
ammonium,
sodium,
potassium,
calcium,
magnesium,
iron,
and
zinc
salts.
Therefore,
the
following
exemptions
from
the
requirement
of
a
tolerance
are
reassessed:
In
40
CFR
180.2
ferrous
sulfate.
In
40
CFR
180.1001
(c)
ammonium
sulfate,
ferric
sulfate,
magnesium
sulfate,
potassium
sulfate,
sodium
Page
17
of
19
sulfate,
sulfuric
acid,
zinc
sulfate
(basic
and
monohydrate),
and
zinc
sulfate
(basic
and
monohydrate).
In
40
CFR
180.1001
(d)
sodium
bisulfate.
In
40
CFR
180.1001
(e)
sodium
sulfate
and
zinc
sulfate
(basic
and
monohydrate).
Also
sulfuric
acid
in
40
CFR
180.1019.

17.
List
Reclassifications:

The
following
List
reclassifications
are
made
or
confirmed:

Sulfuric
acid:
List
4B.
With
the
restriction
of
use
as
a
pH
control
agent;
current
limitation
remains
in
place
Ammonium
sulfate:
List
4B
Ferrous
sulfate:
List
4B
Ferric
sulfate:
List
4B
Magnesium
sulfate:
List
4A,
given
its
neutral
pH
in
solution
Potassium
sulfate:
List
4A,
given
its
neutral
pH
in
solution
Sodium
sulfate:
List
4A,
given
its
neutral
pH
in
solution
Sodium
bisulfate:
List
4B,
given
its
acidic
nature,
similar
to
that
of
sulfuric
acid
Zinc
sulfate:
List
4B
The
following
table
lists
the
various
chemical
names,
CAS
Reg.
No.,
and
CAS
Index
Names
that
will
be
used
for
listing
in
40
CFR.
180.
Note
that
both
the
anhydrous
and
the
hydrated
forms
are
included.
The
Agency
sees
no
reason
to
distinguish
between
these
chemicals
given
that
the
only
difference
is
the
attachment
of
the
water
molecules.

Chemical
Name
CAS.
Reg.
No.
Chemical
Abstacts
Index
Name
Sulfuric
acid
7664­
93­
9
Sulfuric
acid
(8CI,
9CI)

Ammonium
sulfate
7783­
20­
2
Sulfuric
acid
diammonium
salt
(8CI,
9CI)

Ammonium
bisulfate
7803­
63­
6
Sulfuric
acid,
monoammonium
salt
(8CI,
9CI)

Calcium
sulfate
7778­
18­
9
Sulfuric
acid,
calcium
salt
(1:
1)
(8CI,
9CI)

Calcium
sulfate
½
hydrate
{CaSO4
.
1/
2H20}
10034­
76­
1
Sulfuric
acid,
calcium
salt,
hydrate
(2:
2:
1)
(9CI)

Calcium
sulfate
dihydrate
{CaSO4
.
2H20}
10101­
41­
4
Sulfuric
acid,
calcium
salt
(1:
1),
dihydrate
(8CI,
9CI)

Ferric
sulfate
10028­
22­
5
Sulfuric
acid,
iron(
3+)
salt
(3:
2)
(8CI,
9CI)

Iron(
II)
sulfate
7720­
78­
7
Sulfuric
acid,
iron(
2+)
salt
(1:
1)
(8CI,
9CI)
Chemical
Name
CAS.
Reg.
No.
Chemical
Abstacts
Index
Name
Page
18
of
19
Iron(
II)
sulfate
dihydrate
10028­
21­
4
Sulfuric
acid,
iron(
2+)
salt
(1:
1),
dihydrate
(9CI)

Iron
(II)
sulfate
heptahydrate
{FeSO4
.
7H20}
7782­
63­
0
Sulfuric
acid,
iron(
2+)
salt
(1:
1),
heptahydrate
(8CI,
9CI)

Iron
(II)
sulfate
pentahydrate
{FeSO4
.
5H20}
13450­
80­
1
Sulfuric
acid,
iron(
2+)
salt
(1:
1),
pentahydrate
(8CI,
9CI)

Iron
(II)
sulfate
tetrahydrate
{FeSO4
.
4H20}
20908­
72­
9
Sulfuric
acid,
iron(
2+)
salt
(1:
1),
tetrahydrate
(8CI,
9CI)

Iron
(II)
sulfate
ennahydrate
{FeSO4
.
9H20}
73248­
92­
7
Sulfuric
acid,
iron(
2+)
salt
(1:
1),
nonahydrate
(9CI)

Magnesium
sulfate
7487­
88­
9
Sulfuric
acid
magnesium
salt
(1:
1)
(8CI,
9CI)

Magnesium
sulfate
heptahydrate
(epsom
salt)
{MgSO4
.
7H2O}
10034­
99­
8
Sulfuric
acid
magnesium
salt
(1:
1),
heptahydrate
(8CI,
9CI)

Magnesium
sulfate
monohydrate
{MgSO4
.
H2O}
14168­
73­
1
Sulfuric
acid
magnesium
salt
(1:
1),
monohydrate
(8CI,
9CI)

Potassium
pyrosulfate
{K2S2O7}
7790­
62­
7
Disulfuric
acid,
dipotassium
salt
(9CI)

Potassium
hydrogen
sulfate
{KHSO4}
7646­
93­
7
Sulfuric
acid,
monopotassium
salt
(8CI,
9CI)

Potassium
sulfate
7778­
80­
5
Sulfuric
acid
dipotassium
salt
(8CI,
9CI)

Sodium
sulfate
7757­
82­
6
Sulfuric
acid
disodium
salt
(8CI,
9CI)

Sodium
sulfate
decahydrate
{Na2SO4
.10H2O}
7727­
73­
3
Sulfuric
acid
disodium
salt,
decahydrate
(8CI,
9CI)

Sodium
sulfate
heptahydrate
{Na2SO4
.7H2O}
13472­
39­
4
Sulfuric
acid
disodium
salt,
heptahydrate
(8CI,
9CI)

Sodium
pyrosulfate
{Na2S2O7}
13870­
29­
6
Disulfuric
acid,
disodium
salt
(9CI)

Sodium
sulfate
hydrogen
monohydrate
{NaHSO4
.H2O}
10034­
88­
5
Sulfuric
acid,
monosodium
salt,
monohydrate
(8CI,
9CI)

Sodium
bisulfate
7681­
38­
1
Sulfuric
acid,
monosodium
salt
(8CI,
9CI)

Zinc
sulfate
(basic
and
monohydrate)
68813­
94­
5
Sulfuric
acid,
zinc
salt,
basic
(9CI)
Chemical
Name
CAS.
Reg.
No.
Chemical
Abstacts
Index
Name
Page
19
of
19
7446­
19­
7
Sulfuric
acid,
zinc
salt
(1:
1),
monohydrate
(8CI,
9CI)

Zinc
sulfate
7733­
02­
0
Sulfuric
acid,
zinc
salt
(1:
1)
(8CI,
9CI)

Zinc
sulfate
heptahydrate
{ZnSO4
.
7H2O}
7446­
20­
0
Sulfuric
acid,
zinc
salt
(1:
1),
heptahydrate
(8CI,
9CI)

Zinc
sulfate
hexahydrate
13986­
24­
8
Sulfuric
acid,
zinc
salt
(1:
1),
hexahydrate
(8CI,
9CI)

Attachment:

EFED
Review
of
Mineral
Acids
(Birchfield;
May
7,
2002)
