TITLE
40­­
PROTECTION
OF
ENVIRONMENT
CHAPTER
I­­
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
PART
60­­
STANDARDS
OF
PERFORMANCE
FOR
NEW
STATIONARY
SOURCES­­
Table
of
Contents
Subpart
Ka­­
Standards
of
Performance
for
Storage
Vessels
for
Petroleum
Liquids
for
Which
Construction,
Reconstruction,
or
Modification
Commenced
After
May
18,
1978,
and
Prior
to
July
23,
1984
Sec.
60.110a
Applicability
and
designation
of
affected
facility.

(
a)
Except
as
provided
in
paragraph
(
b)
of
this
section,
the
affected
facili
ty
to
which
this
subpart
applies
is
each
storage
vessel
for
petroleum
liquids
which
has
a
storage
capacity
greater
than
151,416
liters
(
40,000
gallons)
and
for
which
construction
is
commenced
after
May
18,
1978.
(
b)
Each
petroleum
liquid
storage
vessel
with
a
capacity
of
less
than
1,589,
873
liters
(
420,000
gallons)
used
for
petroleum
or
condensate
stored,
processed,
or
treated
prior
to
custody
transfer
is
not
an
affected
facil
ity
and,
therefore,
is
exempt
from
the
requirements
of
this
subpart.

[
45
FR
23379,
Apr.
4,
1980]

Sec.
60.111a
Definitions.

In
addition
to
the
terms
and
their
definitions
listed
in
the
Act
and
subpar
t
A
of
this
part
the
following
definitions
apply
in
this
subpart:
(
a)
Storage
vessel
means
each
tank,
reservoir,
or
container
used
for
the
sto
rage
of
petroleum
liquids,
but
does
not
include:
(
1)
Pressure
vessels
which
are
designed
to
operate
in
excess
of
204.9
kPa
(
1
5
psig)
without
emissions
to
the
atmosphere
except
under
emergency
conditions.
(
2)
Subsurface
caverns
or
porous
rock
reservoirs,
or
(
3)
Underground
tanks
if
the
total
volume
of
petroleum
liquids
added
to
and
taken
from
a
tank
annually
does
not
exceed
twice
the
volume
of
the
tank.
(
b)
Petroleum
liquids
means
petroleum,
condensate,
and
any
finished
or
inter
mediate
products
manufactured
in
a
petroleum
refinery
but
does
not
mean
Nos.
2
t
hrough
6
fuel
oils
as
specified
in
ASTM
D396­
78,
gas
turbine
fuel
oils
Nos.
2­
GT
through
4­
GT
as
specified
in
ASTM
D2880­
78,
gas
turbine
fuel
oils
Nos.
2­
GT
thr
ough
4­
GT
as
specified
in
ASTM
D2880­
78,
or
diesel
fuel
oils
Nos.
2­
D
and
4­
D
as
specified
in
ASTM
D975­
78.
(
These
three
methods
are
incorporated
by
reference­­
see
Sec.
60.17.)
(
c)
Petroleum
refinery
means
each
facility
engaged
in
producing
gasoline,
ke
rosene,
distillate
fuel
oils,
residual
fuel
oils,
lubricants,
or
other
products
through
distillation
of
petroleum
or
through
redis
tillation,
cracking,
extracting,
or
reforming
of
unfinished
petroleum
derivative
s.
(
d)
Petroleum
means
the
crude
oil
removed
from
the
earth
and
the
oils
derive
d
from
tar
sands,
shale,
and
coal.
(
e)
Condensate
means
hydrocarbon
liquid
separated
from
natural
gas
which
con
denses
due
to
changes
in
the
temperature
or
pressure,
or
both,
and
remains
liquid
at
standard
conditions.
(
f)
True
vapor
pressure
means
the
equilibrium
partial
pressure
exerted
by
a
petroleum
liquid
such
as
determined
in
accordance
with
methods
described
in
Amer
ican
Petroleum
Institute
Bulletin
2517,
Evaporation
Loss
from
External
Floating­
Roof
Tanks,
Second
Edition,
February
1980
(
incorporated
by
reference­­
see
Sec.
60.17).
(
g)
Reid
vapor
pressure
is
the
absolute
vapor
pressure
of
volatile
crude
oil
and
nonviscous
petroleum
liquids,
except
liquified
petroleum
gases,
as
determin
ed
by
ASTM
D323­
82
(
incorporated
by
reference­­
see
Sec.
60.17).
(
h)
Liquid­
mounted
seal
means
a
foam
or
liquid­
filled
primary
seal
mounted
i
n
contact
with
the
liquid
between
the
tank
wall
and
the
floating
roof
continuous
ly
around
the
circumference
of
the
tank.
(
i)
Metallic
shoe
seal
includes
but
is
not
limited
to
a
metal
sheet
held
ver
tically
against
the
tank
wall
by
springs
or
weighted
levers
and
is
connected
by
braces
to
the
floating
roof.
A
flexible
coated
fabric
(
envelope)
spans
the
annul
ar
space
between
the
metal
sheet
and
the
floating
roof.
(
j)
Vapor­
mounted
seal
means
a
foam­
filled
primary
seal
mounted
continuously
around
the
circumference
of
the
tank
so
there
is
an
annular
vapor
space
underne
ath
the
seal.
The
annular
vapor
space
is
bounded
by
the
bottom
of
the
primary
se
al,
the
tank
wall,
the
liquid
surface,
and
the
floating
roof.
(
k)
Custody
transfer
means
the
transfer
of
produced
petroleum
and/
or
condens
ate,
after
processing
and/
or
treating
in
the
producing
operations,
from
storage
tanks
or
automatic
transfer
facilities
to
pipelines
or
any
other
forms
of
transp
ortation.

[
45
FR
23379,
Apr.
4,
1980,
as
amended
at
48
FR
3737,
Jan.
27,
1983;
52
FR
11429
,
Apr.
8,
1987]

Sec.
60.112a
Standard
for
volatile
organic
compounds
(
VOC).

(
a)
The
owner
or
operator
of
each
storage
vessel
to
which
this
subpart
appli
es
which
contains
a
petroleum
liquid
which,
as
stored,
has
a
true
vapor
pressure
equal
to
or
greater
than
10.3
kPa
(
1.5
psia)
but
not
greater
than
76.6
kPa
(
11.
1
psia)
shall
equip
the
storage
vessel
with
one
of
the
following:
(
1)
An
external
floating
roof,
consisting
of
a
pontoon­
type
or
double­
deck­
t
ype
cover
that
rests
on
the
surface
of
the
liquid
contents
and
is
equipped
with
a
closure
device
between
the
tank
wall
and
the
roof
edge.
Except
as
provided
in
paragraph
(
a)(
1)(
ii)(
D)
of
this
section,
the
closure
device
is
to
consist
of
two
seals,
one
above
the
other.
The
lower
seal
is
referred
to
as
the
primary
seal
a
nd
the
upper
seal
is
referred
to
as
the
secondary
seal.
The
roof
is
to
be
floati
ng
on
the
liquid
at
all
times
(
i.
e.,
off
the
roof
leg
supports)
except
during
in
itial
fill
and
when
the
tank
is
completely
emptied
and
subsequently
refilled.
Th
e
process
of
emptying
and
refilling
when
the
roof
is
resting
on
the
leg
supports
shall
be
continuous
and
shall
be
accomplished
as
rapidly
as
possible.
(
i)
The
primary
seal
is
to
be
either
a
metallic
shoe
seal,
a
liquid­
mounted
seal,
or
a
vapor­
mounted
seal.
Each
seal
is
to
meet
the
following
requirements:
(
A)
The
accumulated
area
of
gaps
between
the
tank
wall
and
the
metallic
shoe
seal
or
the
liquid­
mounted
seal
shall
not
exceed
212
cm;
per
meter
of
tank
diam
eter
(
10.0
in
per
ft
of
tank
diameter)
and
the
width
of
any
portion
of
any
gap
s
hall
not
exceed
3.81
cm
(
1\
1/
2\
in).
(
B)
The
accumulated
area
of
gaps
between
the
tank
wall
and
the
vapor­
mounted
seal
shall
not
exceed
21.2
cm
per
meter
of
tank
diameter
(
1.0
in
per
ft
of
tank
diameter)
and
the
width
of
any
portion
of
any
gap
shall
not
exceed
1.27
cm
(\
1/
2\
in).
(
C)
One
end
of
the
metallic
shoe
is
to
extend
into
the
stored
liquid
and
the
other
end
is
to
extend
a
minimum
vertical
distance
of
61
cm
(
24
in)
above
the
s
tored
liquid
surface.
(
D)
There
are
to
be
no
holes,
tears,
or
other
openings
in
the
shoe,
seal
fab
ric,
or
seal
envelope.
(
ii)
The
secondary
seal
is
to
meet
the
following
requirements:
(
A)
The
secondary
seal
is
to
be
installed
above
the
primary
seal
so
that
it
completely
covers
the
space
between
the
roof
edge
and
the
tank
wall
except
as
provided
in
paragraph
(
a)(
1)(
ii)(
B)
of
this
section.
(
B)
The
accumulated
area
of
gaps
between
the
tank
wall
and
the
secondary
sea
l
used
in
combination
with
a
metallic
shoe
or
liquid­
mounted
primary
seal
shall
not
exceed
21.2
cm
per
meter
of
tank
diameter
(
1.0
in
per
ft.
of
tank
diameter)
and
the
width
of
any
portion
of
any
gap
shall
not
exceed
1.27
cm
(\
1/
2\
in.).
Th
ere
shall
be
no
gaps
between
the
tank
wall
and
the
secondary
seal
used
in
combin
ation
with
a
vapor­
mounted
primary
seal.
(
C)
There
are
to
be
no
holes,
tears
or
other
openings
in
the
seal
or
seal
fa
bric.
(
D)
The
owner
or
operator
is
exempted
from
the
requirements
for
secondary
se
als
and
the
secondary
seal
gap
criteria
when
performing
gap
measurements
or
insp
ections
of
the
primary
seal.
(
iii)
Each
opening
in
the
roof
except
for
automatic
bleeder
vents
and
rim
sp
ace
vents
is
to
provide
a
projection
below
the
liquid
surface.
Each
opening
in
t
he
roof
except
for
automatic
bleeder
vents,
rim
space
vents
and
leg
sleeves
is
t
o
be
equipped
with
a
cover,
seal
or
lid
which
is
to
be
maintained
in
a
closed
po
sition
at
all
times
(
i.
e.,
no
visible
gap)
except
when
the
device
is
in
actual
u
se
or
as
described
in
pargraph
(
a)(
1)(
iv)
of
this
section.
Automatic
bleeder
ven
ts
are
to
be
closed
at
all
times
when
the
roof
is
floating,
except
when
the
roof
is
being
floated
off
or
is
being
landed
on
the
roof
leg
supports.
Rim
vents
are
to
be
set
to
open
when
the
roof
is
being
floated
off
the
roof
legs
supports
or
at
the
manufacturer's
recommended
setting.
(
iv)
Each
emergency
roof
drain
is
to
be
provided
with
a
slotted
membrane
fab
ric
cover
that
covers
at
least
90
percent
of
the
area
of
the
opening.
(
2)
A
fixed
roof
with
an
internal
floating
type
cover
equipped
with
a
contin
uous
closure
device
between
the
tank
wall
and
the
cover
edge.
The
cover
is
to
be
floating
at
all
times,
(
i.
e.,
off
the
leg
supports)
except
during
initial
fill
and
when
the
tank
is
completely
emptied
and
subsequently
refilled.
The
process
o
f
emptying
and
refilling
when
the
cover
is
resting
on
the
leg
supports
shall
be
continuous
and
shall
be
accomplished
as
rapidly
as
possible.
Each
opening
in
the
cover
except
for
automatic
bleeder
vents
and
the
rim
space
vents
is
to
provide
a
projection
below
the
liquid
surface.
Each
opening
in
the
cover
except
for
automatic
bleeder
vents,
rim
space
vents,
stub
drains
and
leg
sleeves
is
to
be
equipped
with
a
cover,
seal,
or
lid
which
is
to
be
maintained
in
a
closed
pos
ition
at
all
times
(
i.
e.,
no
visible
gap)
except
when
the
device
is
in
actual
us
e.
Automatic
bleeder
vents
are
to
be
closed
at
all
times
when
the
cover
is
float
ing
except
when
the
cover
is
being
floated
off
or
is
being
landed
on
the
leg
sup
ports.
Rim
vents
are
to
be
set
to
open
only
when
the
cover
is
being
floated
off
the
leg
supports
or
at
the
manufacturer's
recommended
setting.
(
3)
A
vapor
recovery
system
which
collects
all
VOC
vapors
and
gases
discharg
ed
from
the
storage
vessel,
and
a
vapor
return
or
disposal
system
which
is
desig
ned
to
process
such
VOC
vapors
and
gases
so
as
to
reduce
their
emission
to
the
a
tmosphere
by
at
least
95
percent
by
weight.
(
4)
A
system
equivalent
to
those
described
in
paragraphs
(
a)(
1),
(
a)(
2),
or
(
a)(
3)
of
this
section
as
provided
in
Sec.
60.114a.
(
b)
The
owner
or
operator
of
each
storage
vessel
to
which
this
subpart
appli
es
which
contains
a
petroleum
liquid
which,
as
stored,
has
a
true
vapor
pressure
greater
than
76.6
kPa
(
11.1
psia),
shall
equip
the
storage
vessel
with
a
vapor
recovery
system
which
collects
all
VOC
vapors
and
gases
discharged
from
the
stor
age
vessel,
and
a
vapor
return
or
disposal
system
which
is
designed
to
process
s
uch
VOC
vapors
and
gases
so
as
to
reduce
their
emission
to
the
atmosphere
by
at
least
95
percent
by
weight.

[
45
FR
23379,
Apr.
4,
1980,
as
amended
at
45
FR
83229,
Dec.
18,
1980]

Sec.
60.113a
Testing
and
procedures.

(
a)
Except
as
provided
in
Sec.
60.8(
b)
compliance
with
the
standard
prescrib
ed
in
Sec.
60.112a
shall
be
determined
as
follows
or
in
accordance
with
an
equiv
alent
procedure
as
provided
in
Sec.
60.114a.
(
1)
The
owner
or
operator
of
each
storage
vessel
to
which
this
subpart
appli
es
which
has
an
external
floating
roof
shall
meet
the
following
requirements:
(
i)
Determine
the
gap
areas
and
maximum
gap
widths
between
the
primary
seal
and
the
tank
wall
and
between
the
secondary
seal
and
the
tank
wall
according
to
the
following
frequency:
(
A)
For
primary
seals,
gap
measurements
shall
be
performed
within
60
days
of
the
initial
fill
with
petroleum
liquid
and
at
least
once
every
five
years
there
after.
All
primary
seal
inspections
or
gap
measurements
which
require
the
remova
l
or
dislodging
of
the
secondary
seal
shall
be
accomplished
as
rapidly
as
possib
le
and
the
secondary
seal
shall
be
replaced
as
soon
as
possible.
(
B)
For
secondary
seals,
gap
measurements
shall
be
performed
within
60
days
of
the
initial
fill
with
petroleum
liquid
and
at
least
once
every
year
thereafte
r.
(
C)
If
any
storage
vessel
is
out
of
service
for
a
period
of
one
year
or
more
,
subsequent
refilling
with
petroleum
liquid
shall
be
considered
initial
fill
fo
r
the
purposes
of
paragraphs
(
a)(
1)(
i)(
A)
and
(
a)(
1)(
i)(
B)
of
this
section.
(
D)
Keep
records
of
each
gap
measurement
at
the
plant
for
a
period
of
at
lea
st
2
years
following
the
date
of
measurement.
Each
record
shall
identify
the
ves
sel
on
which
the
measurement
was
performed
and
shall
contain
the
date
of
the
sea
l
gap
measurement,
the
raw
data
obtained
in
the
measurement
process
required
by
paragraph
(
a)(
1)(
ii)
of
this
section
and
the
calculation
required
by
paragraph
(
a)(
1)(
iii)
of
this
section.
(
E)
If
either
the
seal
gap
calculated
in
accord
with
paragraph
(
a)(
1)(
iii)
o
f
this
section
or
the
measured
maximum
seal
gap
exceeds
the
limitations
specifie
d
by
Sec.
60.112a
of
this
subpart,
a
report
shall
be
furnished
to
the
Administra
tor
within
60
days
of
the
date
of
measurements.
The
report
shall
identify
the
ve
ssel
and
list
each
reason
why
the
vessel
did
not
meet
the
specifications
of
Sec.
60.112a.
The
report
shall
also
describe
the
actions
necessary
to
bring
the
stor
age
vessel
into
compliance
with
the
specifications
of
Sec.
60.112a.
(
ii)
Determine
gap
widths
in
the
primary
and
secondary
seals
individually
by
the
following
procedures:
(
A)
Measure
seal
gaps,
if
any,
at
one
or
more
floating
roof
levels
when
the
roof
is
floating
off
the
roof
leg
supports.
(
B)
Measure
seal
gaps
around
the
entire
circumference
of
the
tank
in
each
pl
ace
where
a
\
1/
8\"
diameter
uniform
probe
passes
freely
(
without
forcing
or
bind
ing
against
seal)
between
the
seal
and
the
tank
wall
and
measure
the
circumferen
tial
distance
of
each
such
location.
(
C)
The
total
surface
area
of
each
gap
described
in
paragraph
(
a)(
1)(
ii)(
B)
of
this
section
shall
be
determined
by
using
probes
of
various
widths
to
accurat
ely
measure
the
actual
distance
from
the
tank
wall
to
the
seal
and
multiplying
e
ach
such
width
by
its
respective
circumferential
distance.
(
iii)
Add
the
gap
surface
area
of
each
gap
location
for
the
primary
seal
and
the
secondary
seal
individually.
Divide
the
sum
for
each
seal
by
the
nominal
di
ameter
of
the
tank
and
compare
each
ratio
to
the
appropriate
ratio
in
the
standa
rd
in
Sec.
60.112a(
a)(
1)(
i)
and
Sec.
60.112a(
a)(
1)(
ii).
(
iv)
Provide
the
Administrator
30
days
prior
notice
of
the
gap
measurement
t
o
afford
the
Administrator
the
opportunity
to
have
an
observer
present.
(
2)
The
owner
or
operator
of
each
storage
vessel
to
which
this
subpart
appli
es
which
has
a
vapor
recovery
and
return
or
disposal
system
shall
provide
the
following
information
to
the
Administrator
on
or
before
the
da
te
on
which
construction
of
the
storage
vessel
commences:
(
i)
Emission
data,
if
available,
for
a
similar
vapor
recovery
and
return
or
disposal
system
used
on
the
same
type
of
storage
vessel,
which
can
be
used
to
de
termine
the
efficiency
of
the
system.
A
complete
description
of
the
emission
mea
surement
method
used
must
be
included.
(
ii)
The
manufacturer's
design
specifications
and
estimated
emission
reducti
on
capability
of
the
system.
(
iii)
The
operation
and
maintenance
plan
for
the
system.
(
iv)
Any
other
information
which
will
be
useful
to
the
Administrator
in
eval
uating
the
effectiveness
of
the
system
in
reducing
VOC
emissions.

[
45
FR
23379,
Apr.
4,
1980,
as
amended
at
52
FR
11429,
Apr.
8,
1987]

Sec.
60.114a
Alternative
means
of
emission
limitation.

(
a)
If,
in
the
Administrator's
judgment,
an
alternative
means
of
emission
li
mitation
will
achieve
a
reduction
in
emissions
at
least
equivalent
to
the
reduct
ion
in
emissions
achieved
by
any
requirement
in
Sec.
60.112a,
the
Administrator
will
publish
in
the
Federal
Register
a
notice
permitting
the
use
of
the
alternat
ive
means
for
purposes
of
compliance
with
that
requirement.
(
b)
Any
notice
under
paragraph
(
a)
of
this
section
will
be
published
only
af
ter
notice
and
an
opportunity
for
a
hearing.
(
c)
Any
person
seeking
permission
under
this
section
shall
submit
to
the
Adm
inistrator
a
written
application
including:
(
1)
An
actual
emissions
test
that
uses
a
full­
sized
or
scale­
model
storage
v
essel
that
accurately
collects
and
measures
all
VOC
emissions
from
a
given
control
device
and
that
accurately
simulates
wind
and
accounts
for
other
emission
variables
such
as
temperature
and
barometric
pressure.
(
2)
An
engineering
evaluation
that
the
Administrator
determines
is
an
accura
te
method
of
determining
equivalence.
(
d)
The
Administrator
may
condition
the
permission
on
requirements
that
may
be
necessary
to
ensure
operation
and
maintenance
to
achieve
the
same
emissions
r
eduction
as
specified
in
Sec.
60.112a.
(
e)
The
primary
vapor­
mounted
seal
in
the
``
Volume­
Maximizing
Seal''
manufac
tured
by
R.
F.
I.
Services
Corporation
is
approved
as
equivalent
to
the
vapor­
moun
ted
seal
required
by
Sec.
60.112a(
a)(
1)(
i)
and
must
meet
the
gap
criteria
specif
ied
in
Sec.
60.112a(
a)(
1)(
i)(
B).
There
shall
be
no
gaps
between
the
tank
wall
an
d
any
secondary
seal
used
in
conjunction
with
the
primary
seal
in
the
``
Volume­
M
aximizing
Seal''.

[
52
FR
11429,
Apr.
8,
1987]

Sec.
60.115a
Monitoring
of
operations.

(
a)
Except
as
provided
in
paragraph
(
d)
of
this
section,
the
owner
or
operat
or
subject
to
this
subpart
shall
maintain
a
record
of
the
petroleum
liquid
store
d,
the
period
of
storage,
and
the
maximum
true
vapor
pressure
of
that
liquid
dur
ing
the
respective
storage
period.
(
b)
Available
data
on
the
typical
Reid
vapor
pressure
and
the
maximum
expect
ed
storage
temperature
of
the
stored
product
may
be
used
to
determine
the
maximu
m
true
vapor
pressure
from
nomographs
contained
in
API
Bulletin
2517,
unless
the
Administrator
specifically
requests
that
the
liquid
be
sampled,
the
actual
stor
age
temperature
determined,
and
the
Reid
vapor
pressure
determined
from
the
samp
le(
s).
(
c)
The
true
vapor
pressure
of
each
type
of
crude
oil
with
a
Reid
vapor
pres
sure
less
than
13.8
kPa
(
2.0
psia)
or
whose
physical
properties
preclude
determi
nation
by
the
recommended
method
is
to
be
determined
from
available
data
and
rec
orded
if
the
estimated
true
vapor
pressure
is
greater
than
6.9
kPa
(
1.0
psia).
(
d)
The
following
are
exempt
from
the
requirements
of
this
section:
(
1)
Each
owner
or
operator
of
each
storage
vessel
storing
a
petroleum
liquid
with
a
Reid
vapor
pressure
of
less
than
6.9
kPa
(
1.0
psia)
provided
the
maximum
true
vapor
pressure
does
not
exceed
6.9
kPa
(
1.0
psia).
(
2)
Each
owner
or
operator
of
each
storage
vessel
equipped
with
a
vapor
reco
very
and
return
or
disposal
system
in
accordance
with
the
requirements
of
Sec.
6
0.112a
(
a)(
3)
and
(
b).

[
45
FR
23379,
Apr.
4,
1980]
