                             SUPPORTING STATEMENT
	ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
	
NESHAP for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU) (Renewal) 

1. Identification of the Information Collection

      1(a) Title of the Information Collection

NESHAP for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU) (Renewal), EPA ICR Number 1844.12, OMB Control Number 2060-0554. 

      1(b) Short Characterization/Abstract	

      The National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU) were proposed on September 11, 1998; and promulgated on April 11, 2002. These regulations apply to three types of affected units at either new and existing major source petroleum refineries: fluid catalytic cracking units (FCCU) for catalyst regeneration; catalytic reforming units (CRU); and sulfur recovery units (SRU). The rule also includes requirements for by-pass lines associated with the three affected units. New facilities include those that commenced either construction or reconstruction after the date of proposal. This information is being collected to assure compliance with 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU.

      In general, all NESHAP standards require initial notifications, performance tests, and periodic reports by the owners/operators of the affected facilities. They are also required to maintain records of the occurrence and duration of any startup, shutdown, or malfunction in the operation of an affected facility, or any period during which the monitoring system is inoperative. These notifications, reports, and records are essential in determining compliance, and are required of all affected facilities subject to NESHAP.

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      Any owner/operator subject to the provisions of this part shall maintain a file of these measurements and retain the file for at least five years following the date of such measurements, maintenance reports, and records. All reports required to be submitted electronically are submitted through the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX), using the Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI), where either the delegated state or local authority can review them. In the event that there is no such delegated authority, the EPA regional office can review them. All other reports are sent to the delegated state or local authority. If there is no such delegated authority, the reports are sent directly to the EPA's regional offices. The use of the term "Designated Administrator" throughout this document refers to the U.S. EPA or a delegated authority, such as a state agency. The term "Administrator" alone refers to the U.S. EPA Administrator. 
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      The "Affected Public" are owners or operators of petroleum refineries that operate catalytic cracking units, catalytic reforming units, and sulfur recovery units. The "burden" to   the Affected Public may be found at the end of this document in Table 1: Annual Respondent Burden and Cost  -  NESHAP for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU) (Renewal).    There are approximately 130 petroleum refineries that operate catalytic cracking units, catalytic reforming units, and su either for recovery units. None of the 130 facilities in the United States are owned by state, or local, or tribal entities or by the Federal government. They are all owned and operated by privately-owned, for-profit businesses. We assume that they will all respond to all EPA inquiries. 
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       Based on our consultations with industry representatives, there are an average of one affected facility at each plant site and each plant site has only one respondent (i.e., the owner/operator of the plant site).
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      Over the next three years, approximately 130 respondents per year will be subject to these standards, and no additional respondents per year will become subject to these same standards. This ICR reflects a decrease in the number of respondents from the currently- approved ICR due to consolidation within the U.S. petroleum refining industry, as reflected in data provided to the U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA).
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      The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) approved the currently active ICR with the following "Terms of Clearance":
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      "Upon resubmission, the agency must update the burden estimates to accurately reflect the number of respondents in industry and verify that there are no reporting or recordkeeping requirements for States in 40 CFR part 63, subpart UUU. The agency must also ensure that burden is calculated for all of the requirements and that the requirements and burden tables are consistent throughout the supporting statement. The agency must provide screen shots of the electronic mode of collection that is used for this information collection. In addition, the agency must have a burden statement that aligns with the requirements under 5 CFR 1320.8(b)(3) and placement of the OMB control number for on-line submissions on the initial screen per 5 CFR 1320.3(f)(2)."
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      In renewing the currently approved ICR, the agency has reviewed the number of respondents in industry and updated the burden estimates accordingly. In this case, we identified a decrease in the number of respondents in the currently-approved ICR. There are no reporting requirements for states. `Burden' has been calculated for all requirements, which are reflected in the burden tables found in the supporting statement. All electronic collection in this information collection is submitted through EPA's CEDRI or ERT, as discussed in section 4(b)(i) of this document. Additional Paperwork Reduction Act requirements for CEDRI and ERT, including the burden statement and OMB control number, are available at: https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/paperwork-reduction-act-pra-cedri-and-ert. 

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2. Need for and Use of the Collection
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      2(a) Need/Authority for the Collection
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      The EPA is charged under Section 112 of the Clean Air Act, as amended, to establish standards of performance for each category or subcategory of major sources and area sources of hazardous air pollutants. These standards are applicable to new or existing sources of hazardous air pollutants and shall require the maximum degree of emission reduction. In addition, section 114(a) states that the Administrator may require any owner/operator subject to any requirement of this Act to: 
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            (A) Establish and maintain such records; (B) make such reports; (C) install, use, and maintain such monitoring equipment, and use such audit procedures, or methods; (D) sample such emissions (in accordance with such procedures or methods, at such locations, at such intervals, during such periods, and in such manner as the Administrator shall prescribe); (E) keep records on control equipment parameters, production variables or other indirect data when direct monitoring of emissions is impractical; (F) submit compliance certifications in accordance with Section 114(a)(3); and (G) provide such other information as the Administrator may reasonably require.
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      In the Administrator's judgment, metal and organic hazardous air pollutant (HAP) emissions from FCCUs; organic and inorganic HAP emissions from CRUs; and HAP emissions from SRUs and bypass lines either cause or contribute to air pollution that may reasonably be anticipated to endanger public health and/or welfare. Therefore, the NESHAP were promulgated for this source category at 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU.
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      2(b) Practical Utility/Users of the Data
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      The recordkeeping and reporting requirements in these standards ensure compliance with the applicable regulations which were promulgated in accordance with the Clean Air Act. The collected information is also used for targeting inspections and as evidence in legal proceedings.
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      Performance tests are required in order to determine an affected facility's initial capability to comply with these emission standards. Continuous emission monitors are used to ensure compliance with these same standards at all times. During the performance test a record of the operating parameters under which compliance was achieved may be recorded and used to determine compliance in place of a continuous emission monitor.
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      The notifications required in these standards are used to inform either the Agency or its delegated authority when a source becomes subject to the requirements of these regulations. The reviewing authority may then inspect the source to check if the pollution control devices are properly installed and operated, leaks are being detected and repaired, and that these standards are being met. The performance test may also be observed.
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      The required semiannual reports are used to determine periods of excess emissions, identify problems at the facility, verify operation/maintenance procedures and for compliance determinations.
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      Additionally, the EPA is requiring electronic reporting for certain notifications or reports. The EPA is requiring that owners or operators of affected sources would submit electronic copies of initial notifications required in 40 CFR 63.9(b), changes in information required in 40 CFR 63.9(j), and performance test reports and performance evaluations through the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX), using the Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI). For the notifications required in 40 CFR 63.9(b) and 63.9(j), owners and operators would be required to upload a PDF of the required notifications. 

      CEDRI includes the Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) software, which is used by facilities to generate electronic reports of performance tests and performance evaluations.       The EPA is also requiring that 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU performance test reports and performance evaluations be submitted through the EPA's ERT.
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3. Non-duplication, Consultations, and Other Collection Criteria
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      The requested recordkeeping and reporting are required under 40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU.
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      3(a) Non-duplication
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      For reports required to be submitted electronically, the information is sent through the EPA's CDX, using CEDRI, where the appropriate EPA regional office can review it, as well as state and local agencies that have been delegated authority. If a state or local agency has adopted under its own authority its own standards for reporting or data collection, adherence to those non-Federal requirements does not constitute duplication. 

	For all other reports, if the subject standards have not been delegated, the information is sent directly to the appropriate EPA regional office. Otherwise, the information is sent directly to the delegated state or local agency. If a state or local agency has adopted its own standards to implement the Federal standards, a copy of the report submitted to the state or local agency can be sent to the Administrator in lieu of the report required by the Federal standards. Therefore, duplication does not exist. 
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      3(b) Public Notice Required Prior to ICR Submission to OMB
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      An announcement of a public comment period for the renewal of this ICR was published in the Federal Register (87 FR 43843) on July 22, 2022. No comments were received on the `burden' published in the Federal Register for this renewal. 
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      3(c) Consultations
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      The Agency has consulted industry experts and internal data sources to project the number of affected facilities and industry growth over the next three years. The primary source of information as reported by industry, in compliance with the recordkeeping and reporting provisions in these standards, is the Integrated Compliance Information System (ICIS). ICIS is EPA's database for the collection, maintenance, and retrieval of compliance data for industrial and government-owned facilities. The growth rate for the industry is based on both our consultations with the Agency's internal industry experts and a review of information collected by the EIA. Approximately 130 respondents will be subject to these standards over the three-year period covered by this ICR.

      Industry trade association(s) and other interested parties were provided an opportunity to comment on the `burden' associated with these standards as they were being developed and these standards have been reviewed previously to determine the minimum information needed for compliance purposes. In developing this ICR, we contacted both the American Petroleum Institute, at (202) 682-8000, and the American Fuel and Petrochemical Manufacturers, at (202) 457-0480.

      It is our policy to respond after a thorough review of comments received since the last ICR renewal, as well as for those submitted in response to the first Federal Register notice. In this case, no comments were received. 
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      3(d) Effects of Less-Frequent Collection
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      Less-frequent information collection would decrease the margin of assurance that facilities are continuing to meet these standards. Requirements for information gathering and recordkeeping are useful techniques to ensure that good operation and maintenance practices are applied and that emission limitations are met. If the information required by these standards was collected less-frequently, the proper operation and maintenance of control equipment and the possibility of detecting violations would be less likely.
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      3(e) General Guidelines
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      These reporting and/or recordkeeping requirements do not violate any of the regulations promulgated by OMB under 5 CFR Part 1320, Section 1320.5.
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      These standards require the respondents to maintain all records, including reports and notifications for at least five years. This is consistent with the General Provisions as applied to these standards. The EPA believes that the five-year records retention requirement is consistent with the Part 70 permit program and the five-year statute of limitations on which the permit program is based. The retention of records for five years allows EPA to establish the compliance history of a source, any pattern of non-compliance, and to determine the appropriate level of enforcement action. The EPA has found that the most flagrant violators have violations extending beyond five years. In addition, EPA would be prevented from pursuing the violators due to either the destruction or nonexistence of essential records.
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      3(f) Confidentiality
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      Any information submitted to the Agency for which a claim of confidentiality is made will be safeguarded according to the Agency policies set forth in Title 40, chapter 1, part 2, subpart B - Confidentiality of Business Information (CBI) (see 40 CFR 2; 41 FR 36902, September 1, 1976; amended by 43 FR 40000, September 8, 1978; 43 FR 42251, September 20, 1978; 44 FR 17674, March 23, 1979).
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      3(g) Sensitive Questions
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      The reporting or recordkeeping requirements in these standards do not include sensitive questions.
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4. The Respondents and the Information Requested
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      4(a) Respondents/SIC Codes
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      The respondents to the recordkeeping and reporting requirements are owners or operators of major source petroleum refineries that operate catalytic cracking units, catalytic reforming units, or sulfur recovery units. The United States Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) code for the respondents affected by the standard is SIC 2911, which corresponds to the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) code 32411 for Petroleum Refineries.
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      4(b) Information Requested 
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            (i) Data Items
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      In this ICR, all the data that are recorded or reported is required by the NESHAP for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU).
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      A source must make the following reports:
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Notifications
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Notification of intention to construct or reconstruct
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§§63.9(b)(5), 63.1574(a) 
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Notification of commencement of construction 
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§§63.9(b)(4)(i), 63.1574(a)
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Notification of the actual date of startup
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§§63.9(b)(4)(v), 63.1574(b) and (c)
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Notification of performance tests 
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§§63.7(a), 63.9(e), 63.1574(a)(3)
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Notification of compliance status
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§§63.9(h), 63.1574(a) and (d)
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Operation, maintenance, and monitoring plan
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§63.1574(f)
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Request for compliance extension
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§§63.9(c), 63.1574(e)

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Notification of changes in information (reclassification to area source status or to revert to major source status) (electronic submission)

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§63.9(b), §63.9(j)
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Reports
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Semiannual compliance reports 
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§§63.10(e)(3), 63.1575
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Performance test reports (electronic submission)
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§§63.1571(a)(5) and (6), 63.1575(f), (k), and (l)
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Relative accuracy test audits for units using CEMs (electronic submission)
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§63.1575(k)(2)
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      A source must keep the following records:
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Recordkeeping
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Notification of compliance status
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§§63.1576(a)(1), 63.9(h)
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Maintain malfunction records
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§§63.1576(a)(2), 63.10(b)(2)
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Emissions data
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§§63.1576(a)(3), 63.10(d)
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CEM general provisions
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§§63.1576(b), 63.10(c)
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CEM quality assurance plan
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§§63.1576(b)(3), 63.8(d)
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CMS/CEM malfunction
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§§63.1576(b)(5), 63.10(c)
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Operation, maintenance, and monitoring
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§§63.1576(e), 63.10(b)(2)(iii)
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Monitoring data
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§63.1576(d)
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Records are required to be retained for 5 years
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§§63.10(c), 63.1576(h)
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Electronic Reporting
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      Some of the respondents are using monitoring equipment that automatically records parameter data. Although personnel at the affected facility must still evaluate the data, internal automation has significantly reduced the burden associated with monitoring and recordkeeping at a plant site.
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      The rule was amended to include electronic reporting provisions on December 1, 2015; November 26, 2018; and November 19, 2020. Respondents are required to use the EPA's Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) to develop performance test reports and performance evaluations and submit them through the EPA's Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI), which can be accessed through the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) (https://cdx.epa.gov/). The ERT is an application, rather than a form, and the requirement to use the ERT is applicable to numerous subparts. The splash screen of the ERT contains a link to the Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA) requirements, such as the OMB Control Number, expiration date, and burden estimate for this and other subparts. Respondents are also required to submit electronic copies of notifications and certain reports through EPA's CEDRI. The notification is an upload of their currently required notification in portable document format (PDF) file. For purposes of this ICR, it is assumed that there is no additional burden associated with the proposed requirement for respondents to submit the notifications and reports electronically.
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      Electronic copies of records may also be maintained in order to satisfy federal recordkeeping requirements. For additional information on the Paperwork Reduction Act requirements for CEDRI and ERT for this rule, see: https://www.epa.gov/electronic-reporting-air-emissions/paperwork-reduction-act-pra-cedri-and-ert. 
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            (ii) Respondent Activities	
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                             Respondent Activities
Familiarization with the regulatory requirements.
Install, calibrate, maintain, and operate CMS for opacity, or for emission monitoring for catalytic cracking units, catalytic reforming units and sulfur recovery systems.
Perform performance test for fluid catalytic cracking unit catalyst regeneration every 5 years or more frequently, Reference Method 5, 5B or 5F (of appendix A to 40 CFR Part 60) test for PM, and repeat performance tests if necessary.
Perform performance test for catalytic cracking unit catalyst regeneration one time, Reference Method 320 (of appendix A to 40 CFR Part 63) test for HCN.
Write the notifications and reports listed above.
Enter information required to be recorded above.
Submit the required reports developing, acquiring, installing, and utilizing technology and systems for collecting, validating, and verifying information.
Develop, acquire, install, and utilize technology and systems for processing and maintaining information.
Develop, acquire, install, and utilize technology and systems for disclosing and providing information.
Train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information.
Transmit, or otherwise disclose the information.
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5. The Information Collected: Agency Activities, Collection Methodology, and Information Management
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      5(a) Agency Activities
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      The EPA conducts the following activities in connection with the acquisition, analysis, storage, and distribution of the required information:
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                               Agency Activities
Review notifications and reports, including performance test reports, and excess emissions reports, required to be submitted by industry.
Audit facility records.
Input, analyze, and maintain data in the Enforcement and Compliance History Online (ECHO) and ICIS.
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      5(b) Collection Methodology and Management
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      Following notification of startup, the reviewing authority could inspect the source to determine whether the pollution control devices are properly installed and operated. Performance test reports are used by the Agency to discern a source's initial capability to comply with these emission standards and note the operating conditions under which compliance was achieved. Data and records maintained by the respondents are tabulated and published for use in compliance and enforcement programs. The semiannual reports are used for problem identification, as a check on source operation and maintenance, and for compliance determinations.
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      Information contained in the reports is reported by state and local governments in the ICIS Air database, which is operated and maintained by EPA's Office of Compliance. The EPA uses ICIS for tracking air pollution compliance and enforcement by local and state regulatory agencies, EPA regional offices, and EPA headquarters. The EPA and its delegated Authorities can edit, store, retrieve and analyze the data.
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       The records required by this regulation must be retained by the owner/operator for five years.
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      5(c) Small Entity Flexibility
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The majority of the respondents are large entities (i.e., large businesses). However, the impact on small entities (i.e., small businesses) was taken into consideration during the development of these regulations. A small entity for petroleum refineries is defined as a firm having no more than 1,500 corporate employees. Numerous compliance and monitoring alternatives are provided in the rule to give small entities a maximum degree of operational flexibility. The rule requirements are considered to be the minimum necessary to demonstrate compliance.
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      5(d) Collection Schedule
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      The specific frequency for each information collection activity within this request is shown at the end of this document in Table 1: Annual Respondent Burden and Cost  -  NESHAP for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU) (Renewal).
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6. Estimating the Burden and Cost of the Collection
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      Table 1 documents the computation of individual burdens for the recordkeeping and reporting requirements applicable to the industry for the subpart included in this ICR. The individual burdens are expressed under standardized headings believed to be consistent with the concept of `Burden' under the Paperwork Reduction Act. Where appropriate, specific tasks and major assumptions have been identified. Responses to this information collection are mandatory.
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      The Agency may neither conduct nor sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to, a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB Control Number.
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      6(a) Estimating Respondent Burden
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      The average annual burden to industry over the next three years from these recordkeeping and reporting requirements is estimated to be 16,100 hours (Total Labor Hours from Table 1 below). These hours are based on Agency studies and background documents from the development of these regulations, Agency knowledge and experience with the NESHAP program, the previously-approved ICR, and any comments received.
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      6(b) Estimating Respondent Costs
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            (i) Estimating Labor Costs 
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      This ICR uses the following labor rates: 
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            Managerial	$157.61 ($75.05 + 110%)  
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            Technical	$123.94 ($59.02 + 110%)
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            Clerical	$62.52 ($29.77 + 110%)
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      These rates are from the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, September 2021, "Table 2. Civilian Workers, by occupational and industry group." The rates are from column 1, "Total compensation." The rates have been increased by 110 percent to account for varying industry wage rates and the additional overhead business costs of employing workers beyond their wages and benefits, including business expenses associated with hiring, training, and equipping their employees.
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            (ii) Estimating Capital/Startup and Operation and Maintenance Costs
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      The type of industry costs associated with the information collection activities in the subject standard(s) are both labor costs which are addressed elsewhere in this ICR and the costs associated with continuous monitoring. The capital/startup costs are one-time costs when a facility becomes subject to these regulations. The annual operation and maintenance costs are the ongoing costs to maintain the monitor(s) and other costs such as photocopying and postage.
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            (iii) Capital/Startup vs. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Costs
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Capital/Startup vs. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Costs

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(A)
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Continuous Monitoring Device

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(B)
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Capital/Startup Cost for One Respondent

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(C)
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Number of New Respondents 

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(D)
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Total Capital/Startup Cost, (B X C)

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(E)
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Annual O&M Costs for One Respondent

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(F)
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Number of Respondents with O&M

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(G)
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Total O&M,
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(E X F)
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COMS [a] (FCCUs)
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$95,700
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0
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$0
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$28,600
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23
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$657,800
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CPMS [b] (FCCUs)
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$18,900
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0
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$0
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$25,350
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69
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$1,749,150
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CPMS [c] (CRUs)
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$0
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0
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$0
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$17,940 
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138
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$2,475,720
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CPMS [d] (SRUs)
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$74,000
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0
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$0
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$26,000
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71
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$1,846,000
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CEMS [e] (SRUs)
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$150,000
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0
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$0
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$34,840
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25
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$871,000
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PM Performance Test (outsourced) [f]
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$0
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0
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$0
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$9,200
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45.9
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$422,280
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HCN Performance Test (outsourced) [g]
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$0
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0
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$0
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$10,000
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0
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$0
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TOTAL [h]
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$0
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$8,020,000
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 [a]  COMS - continuous opacity monitoring system. We assume 25% of the 92 sources with FCCUs are using COMS (0.25 * 92 = 23).  
 [b]  CPMS - continuous parametric monitoring system. We assume the other 75% of the 92 sources with FCCUs are using CMPS (0.75 * 92 = 69).
 c  We estimate that there are 138 CRUs using CPMS for monitoring, with an O&M cost of $17,940 per CPMS.
 [d] We assume 74% of the 96 sources with SRUs are using CPMS (.74 * 96 = 71).	
 [e]  CEMS  -  continuous emission monitoring system. We assume 25 sources with SRU units are using CEMS on 60 units.
 [f]   The 2015 final rule amendments required facilities with FCCU to conduct EPA Reference Method (M5) PM testing every 5 years, unless the "NSPS J" compliance option is used (i.e., the fixed 20 percent opacity operating limit compliance alternative), and the PM emissions rate during the most recent test is greater than 0.8 g PM/kg coke burn-off, in which case the testing frequency will be annually. It was assumed that approximately 10% of sources will require annual testing. In the upcoming 3-year ICR period, we assume that a total of 45.9 units per year will need to have a PM performance test (106 units/3 years + 106 x 0.1 = 45.9). We assume it costs $9,200 per unit to conduct a EPA Method 5 performance test.
 [g]   The 2015 final rule amendments required a one-time performance test for HCN for catalytic cracking unit catalyst regeneration by August 1, 2017, or within 150 days of startup of a new unit. Therefore, it is assumed that this activity applies only to new units. We assume it costs $10,000 per unit to conduct a EPA Method 320 performance test.
 [h] Totals have been rounded to 3 significant figures. Figures may not add exactly due to rounding.
 
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      The total capital/startup costs for this ICR are $0. This is the total of column D in the above table. 
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      The total operation and maintenance (O&M) costs for this ICR are $8,020,000. This is the total of column G. 
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      The average annual cost for capital/startup and operation and maintenance costs to industry over the next three years of the ICR is estimated to be $8,020,000. These are the recordkeeping costs.
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      6(c) Estimating Agency Burden and Cost
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      The only costs to the Agency are those costs associated with analysis of the reported information. The EPA's overall compliance and enforcement program includes such activities   as the examination of records maintained by the respondents, periodic inspection of sources of emissions, and both the publication and distribution of collected information. 
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      The average annual Agency cost during the three years of the ICR is estimated to be $64,100. 
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      This cost is based on the average hourly labor rate as follows:

		Managerial	$70.56 (GS-13, Step 5, $44.10 + 60%)
		Technical	$52.37 (GS-12, Step 1, $32.73 + 60%)
		Clerical	$28.34 (GS-6, Step 3, $17.71 + 60%)
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      These rates are from the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), 2022 General Schedule, which excludes locality rates of pay. The rates have been increased by 60 percent to account for the benefit packages available to Federal government employees. Details upon which this estimate is based appear at the end of this document in Table 2: Average Annual EPA Burden and Cost  -  NESHAP for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU) (Renewal).
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      6(d) Estimating the Respondent Universe and Total Burden and Costs
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      Based on our research for this ICR, on average over the next three years, approximately 130 existing respondents will be subject to these standards. It is estimated that no additional respondents per year will become subject to these same standards. The overall average number of respondents, as shown in the table below, is 130 per year.
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      The number of respondents is calculated using the following table that addresses the three years covered by this ICR: 
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Number of Respondents

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Respondents That Submit Reports

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Respondents That Do Not Submit Any Reports

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Year

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(A)
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Number of New Respondents [1]

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(B)
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Number of Existing Respondents

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(C)
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Number of Existing Respondents that keep records but do not submit reports

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(D)
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Number of Existing Respondents That Are Also New Respondents

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(E)
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Number of Respondents
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(E=A+B+C-D)
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1
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0
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130
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0
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0
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130
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2
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0
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130
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0
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0
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130
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3
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0
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130
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0
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0
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130
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Average
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
130
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
130
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      [1] New respondents include sources with constructed and reconstructed affected facilities.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Column D is subtracted to avoid double-counting respondents. As shown above, the average Number of Respondents over the three-year period of this ICR is 130. 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The total number of annual responses per year is calculated using the following table: 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------


--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Annual Responses
                                       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(A)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Information Collection Activity
                                       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(B)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Respondents
                                       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(C)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Responses
                                       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(D)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Number of Existing Respondents That Keep Records But Do Not Submit Reports
                                       
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(E)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total Annual Responses
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
E=(BxC)+D
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notification of particulate matter performance test [a,c]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
45.9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
52.79
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notification of HCN performance test [b,c]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Particulate matter performance test reports [a,c]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
45.9
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
52.79
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HCN performance test reports [b,c]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1.15
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Notification of performance test [d]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Semiannual compliance report
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
130
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
260
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Relative accuracy test audits for units using CEMs [e]
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
25
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.41
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
60
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Total
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
426
  [a]    The 2015 final rule requires catalytic cracking unit catalyst regeneration to conduct EPA Reference Method (M5) PM testing every 5 years, unless the unit is subject to the "NSPS J" compliance option and the PM emissions rate during the most recent test is greater than 0.8 g PM/kg coke burn-off. For units in excess of that rate, testing is required annually. It was assumed that 10 percent of sources will require annual testing. There are 106 FCCUs that will test over the 3 years after promulgation, so each year, approximately 45.9 performance tests will be conducted (106 units / 3 years + 106 x 0.1 = 45.9 tests/year).
  b    The 2015 final rule required each catalytic cracking unit to conduct a one-time EPA Reference Method 320 test for HCN by August 1, 2017, or within 150 days of startup of a new unit. Therefore, it is assumed that this activity applies only to new units.
  [c]    There are approximately 106 catalytic cracking units at 92 facilities, so each facility would report 1.15 responses per year, i.e., 106 units / 92 facilities = 1.15 responses/facility. 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  [d]   We have assumed that this activity is a one-time activity that applies only to new sources.  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
  [e]   There are approximately 231 SRU at 96 facilities, so each facility would report 2.41 responses per year, i.e., 231 units / 96 facilities = 2.41 responses/facility. We assume 25 sources with SRU units are using CEMS.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The number of Total Annual Responses is 426.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The total annual labor costs are $1,930,000. Details regarding these estimates may be found at the end of this document in Table 1: Annual Respondent Burden and Cost  -  NESHAP for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU) (Renewal).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      6(e) Bottom Line Burden Hours and Cost Tables
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The detailed bottom line burden hours and cost calculations for the respondents and the Agency are shown in Tables 1 and 2 at the end of this document, respectively, and summarized below. 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            (i) Respondent Tally
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The total annual labor hours are 16,100 hours. Details regarding these estimates may be found below in Table 1: Annual Respondent Burden and Cost  -  NESHAP for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU) (Renewal).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      We assume that burdens for managerial tasks take 5% of the time required for technical tasks because the typical tasks for managers are to review and approve reports. Clerical burdens are assumed to take 10% of the time required for technical tasks because the typical duties of clerical staff are to proofread the reports, make copies, and maintain records.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      Furthermore, the annual public reporting and recordkeeping burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 37.8 hours per response.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The total annual capital/startup and O&M costs to the regulated entity are $8,020,000. The cost calculations are detailed in Section 6(b)(iii), Capital/Startup vs. Operation and Maintenance (O&M) Costs.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                  
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
            (ii) The Agency Tally
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The average annual Agency burden and cost over next three years is estimated to be 1,260 labor hours at a cost of $64,100; see below in Table 2: Average Annual EPA Burden and Cost  -  NESHAP for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU) (Renewal).
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      We assume that burdens for managerial tasks take 5% of the time required for technical tasks because the typical tasks for managers are to review and approve reports. Clerical burdens are assumed to take 10% of the time required for technical tasks because the typical duties of clerical staff are to proofread the reports, make copies and maintain records.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      6(f) Reasons for Change in Burden
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      
      The decrease in burden from the most-recently approved ICR is due to an adjustment.  The adjustment decrease in burden is due to a decrease in the number of sources. Petroleum refinery capacities have been declining since 2020 and this ICR reflects updated respondent counts based on data collected by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. In addition, the burden for one-time activities following implementation of the 2015 final rule in the currently- approved ICR has been removed. This ICR reflects the on-going burden and costs for the existing facilities. Due to a decrease in the number of respondents, there has been a decrease in the capital/startup or operation and maintenance (O&M) costs. 
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      6(g) Burden Statement
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      The annual public reporting and recordkeeping burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 37.8 hours per response. `Burden' means the total time, effort, or financial resources expended by persons to generate, maintain, retain, or disclose or provide information either to or for a Federal agency. This includes the time needed to review instructions; develop, acquire, install, and utilize technology and systems for the purposes of collecting, validating, and verifying information, processing and maintaining information, and disclosing and providing information; adjust the existing ways to comply with any previously applicable instructions and requirements; train personnel to be able to respond to a collection of information; search data sources; complete and review the collection of information; and transmit or otherwise disclose the information.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
      An agency may neither conduct nor sponsor, and a person is not required to respond to,   a collection of information unless it displays a valid OMB Control Number. The OMB Control Numbers for EPA regulations are listed at 40 CFR Part 9 and 48 CFR Chapter 15.

	To comment on the Agency's need for this information, the accuracy of the provided burden estimates, and any suggested methods for minimizing respondent burden, including the use of automated collection techniques, EPA has established a public docket for this ICR under Docket ID Number EPA-HQ-OAR-2022-0017. An electronic version of the public docket is available at http://www.regulations.gov/, which may be used to obtain a copy of the draft collection of information, submit or view public comments, access the index listing of the contents of the docket, and to access those documents in the public docket that are available electronically. When in the system, select "search," then key in the docket ID number identified in this document. The documents are also available for public viewing at the Enforcement and Compliance Docket and Information Center in the EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), WJC West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave., NW, Washington, DC. The EPA Docket Center Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. Due to COVID-19 precautions, entry to the Reading Room is available by appointment only. Please contact personnel in the Reading Room to schedule an appointment. The telephone number for the Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number for the docket center is (202) 566-1927. Also, you can send comments to the Office of Information and Regulatory Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, 725 17th Street, NW, Washington, DC 20503, Attention: Desk Officer for EPA. Please include the EPA Docket ID Number EPA-HQ-OAR-2022-0017 and OMB Control Number 2060-0554 in any correspondence. 

Part B of the Supporting Statement

This part is not applicable because no statistical methods were used in collecting this information.

Table 1: Annual Respondent Burden and Cost  -  NESHAP for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU) (Renewal)

                                  Burden item
                                      (A)
                                      (B)
                                      (C)
                                      (D)
                                      (E)
                                      (F)
                                      (G)
                                      (H)

                          Person-hours per occurrence
                  No. of occurrences per respondent per year
                 Person-hours per respondent per year
(C=AxB)
                           Respondents per year  [a]
                    Technical person-hours per year
(E=CxD)
                   Management person-hours per year
(Ex0.05)
                    Clerical person- hours per year
(Ex0.1)
                           Total Cost per Year $[b]
1. Applications
                                      N/A
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
2. Survey and Studies
                                      N/A
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
3. Reporting Requirements
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
A.  Familiarize with rule requirements  [c]
                                       2
                                       1
                                       2
                                      130
                                      260
                                     13.00
                                     26.00
                                                                       $35,899 
B. Required activities  
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
     Initial Performance test  [d,e] 
                                      40
                                       1
                                      40
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                                                            $0 
PM Performance Test (internal)[f]
                                      40
                                       1
                                      40
                                     45.9
                                    1837.33
                                     91.87
                                    183.73
                                                                      $253,685 
HCN Performance Test (internal) [d,e,g]
                                      40
                                       1
                                      40
                                       0
                                      0.0
                                      0.0
                                      0.0
                                                                            $0 
Operating, maintenance, and monitoring plan [d]
                                      40
                                       1
                                      40
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                                                            $0 
RATA for units using CEMs [h]
                                      40
                                       1
                                      40
                                      60
                                     2406
                                      120
                                      241
                                                                      $332,237 
C. Create information
                                    See 3B
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
D. Gather existing information
                                    See 3B
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
E. Write report
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
Notification of construction/ reconstruction
                                       2
                                       1
                                       2
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                                                            $0 
Notification of actual startup
                                       2
                                       1
                                       2
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                                                            $0 
Notification of special compliance requirements
                                      N/A
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
 
Notification of performance test  [d,e]
                                       2
                                       1
                                       2
                                       0
                                       0
                                     0.00
                                     0.00
                                                                            $0 
Notification of PM performance test  [f]
                                       2
                                       1
                                       2
                                     45.9
                                      92
                                       5
                                       9
                                                                       $12,684 
Notification of HCN performance test  [g]
                                       2
                                       1
                                       2
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                                                            $0 
Notification of compliance status  [d]
                                       4
                                       1
                                       4
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                                                            $0 
Extended compliance request  
                                      N/A
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
Report of performance test   d 
                                    See 3B
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
Semiannual compliance reports  [i]
                                      10
                                       2
                                      20
                                      130
                                     2600
                                      130
                                      260
                                                                      $358,989 
 Subtotal for Reporting Requirements
 
 
 
 
                                     8,275
                                                                      $993,494 
4. Recordkeeping Requirements
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                              
A.  Familiarize with rule requirements
                                    See 3A
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
B. Plan activities
                                    See 3B
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
C. Implement activities
                                    See 3B
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
D. Develop record system  [j]
                                      N/A
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
E. Time to enter information  k, l  
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
Records of operations  [m]
                                       1
                                      52
                                      52
                                      130
                                     6760
                                      338
                                      676
                                                                      $933,370 
F. Time to train personnel  [d, n]
                                       4
                                       1
                                       4
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                                                            $0 
G. Time to adjust existing ways to comply with previously applicable requirements  
                                      N/A
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       0
                                       
                                                                              
H. Time to transmit or disclose information   m
                                     0.25
                                       1
                                     0.25
                                      130
                                     32.5
                                     1.63
                                     3.25
                                                                        $3,459 
I. Time for audits
                                      N/A
 
 
 
 
 
 
                                                                              
Subtotal for Recordkeeping Requirements
                                     7,811
                                                                      $936,829 
TOTAL LABOR BURDEN AND COST (rounded)[o]
                                    16,100
                                                                    $1,930,000 
TOTAL CAPITAL AND O&M COSTS (rounded)[o]
                                                                    $8,020,000 
GRAND TOTAL (rounded)[o]
                                                                   $10,000,000 
                                                                               








Assumptions:
[a]  We have determined that 130 major petroleum refineries will have one or more affected facilities subject to the standard. This includes 92 sources with 106 FCCU.  No new or reconstructed facilities are expected over the next 3 years. 
b  This ICR uses the following labor rates: Managerial $157.61 ($75.05 + 110%); Technical $123.94 ($59.02 + 110%); and Clerical $62.52 ($29.77 + 110%).  These rates are from the United States Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics, September 2021, "Table 2. Civilian Workers, by occupational and industry group." The rates are from column 1, "Total compensation." The rates have been increased by 110 percent to account for varying industry wage rates and the additional overhead business costs of employing workers beyond their wages and benefits, including business expenses associated with hiring, training, and equipping their employees.
[c] Assumed 130 facilities will refamiliarize themselves with the Subpart UUU rule during the upcoming 3-year ICR period.
[d]  We have assumed that this activity is a one-time activity that applies only to new sources.  
[e]  We have assumed that this activity has already occurred for existing sources.
[f]  The 2015 final rule requires catalytic cracking unit catalyst regeneration to conduct EPA Reference Method (M5) PM testing every 5 years, unless the unit is subject to the "NSPS J" compliance option and the PM emissions rate during the most recent test is greater than 0.8 g PM/kg coke burn-off. For units in excess of that rate, testing is required annually. It was assumed that 10 percent of sources will require annual testing. There are 106 FCCUs that will test over the 3 years so each year, approximately 45.9 performance tests will be conducted (106 units / 3 years + 106 x 0.1 = 45.9 tests/year.
[g]  The 2015 final rule required each catalytic cracking unit to conduct a one-time EPA Reference Method 320 test for HCN by August 1, 2017, or within 150 days of startup of a new unit. Therefore, it is assumed that this activity applies only to new units.
[h] We assume that the burdens associated with RATA testing are roughly equal to those for a performance test (excluding the advance notice requirements). We also assume that there are 96 respondents with 231 SRU units (2.41 units/respondent). There are 25 respondents with SRUs using CEMs. Therefore, the number of SRUs using CEMs is 25 x 2.4 = 60 (rounded).
[i] We have assumed that all sources would be submitting semiannual compliance reports.
[j]  We have assumed that these sources will have the record system in place to monitor operations. 
[k]  We have assumed that depending on the compliance option for the affected facility (i.e., catalytic cracking unit, sulfur recovery units, and by-pass lines) selected by the respondent and the size of the catalytic cracking unit and control device used (e.g., wet scrubber, electrostatic precipitator and thermal incinerators), sources are required to either install continuous opacity monitoring systems and/or continuous parameter monitoring, or choose an alternative option for parameter monitoring.    
[l]  We have assumed that all respondents would have to keep records of their operations according to the operation and maintenance plan.
m  We have assumed that it will take each respondent approximately one hour to record data per week (52 weeks) and 15 minutes to transmit it semiannually.
n These costs reflect the one-time engineering evaluation and personnel training costs relative to the catalytic reforming unit catalyst regeneration operational changes made in the 2015 final rule. Therefore, it is assumed that this activity now applies only to new units.
o Totals have been rounded to 3 significant figures.  Figures may not add exactly due to rounding. 

Table 2: Average Annual EPA Burden and Cost  -  NESHAP for Petroleum Refineries: Catalytic Cracking Units, Catalytic Reforming Units, and Sulfur Recovery Units (40 CFR Part 63, Subpart UUU) (Renewal)

                                   Activity
                                      (A)
                                      (B)
                                      (C)
                                      (D)
                                      (E)
                                      (F)
                                      (G)
                                      (H)

                             Hours per occurrence
                      Number of occurrence per plant-year
                       Hours per plant per year
(C=AxB)
                               Plants per year  
                    Technical person-hours per year
(E=CxD)
                   Management person-hours per year
(Ex0.05)
                    Clerical person-hours per year
(Ex0.1)
                           Total Cost per Year $[a]
Report Review
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
   Notification of construction/reconstruction
                                      N/A
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
   Notification of actual startup
                                      N/A
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
   Notification of special compliance requirements
                                      N/A
                                       
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Notification of performance test  [b]
                                       2
                                       1
                                       2
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                                                            $0 
   Notification of PM performance test [c]  
                                       2
                                       1
                                       2
                                     45.9
                                     91.87
                                     4.59
                                     9.19
                                                                     $5,395.51 
   Notification of HCN performance test [d]  
                                       2
                                       1
                                       2
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                                                            $0 
   Notification of compliance status [b]
                                       2
                                       1
                                       2
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                                                            $0 
   Review of operation, maintenance, and monitoring plan  [b] 
                                       4
                                       1
                                       4
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                                                            $0 
   Review of repeat performance test report
                                       8
                                       1
                                       8
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                                                            $0 
   Review of RATA for CEMS [e]
                                       8
                                       1
                                       8
                                      60
                                      480
                                      24
                                      48
                                                                    $28,191.36 
   Review of compliance report
                                      N/A
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                                                              
   Review of semiannual compliance reports [f]
                                       2
                                       2
                                       4
                                      130
                                      520
                                      26
                                      52
                                                                    $30,540.64 
   Review of NESHAP waiver application
                                       4
                                       1
                                       4
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                       0
                                                                            $0 
TOTAL  ANNUAL BURDEN AND COST (rounded)[g]
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                       
                                    1,260 
                                                                       $64,100 
                                                                               








Assumptions:








[a]  This cost is based on the following labor rates:  Managerial rate of $70.56 (GS-13, Step 5, $44.10 +60%), Technical rate of $52.37 (GS-12, Step 1, $32.73 + 60%), and Clerical rate of $28.34 (GS-6, Step 3, $17.71 + 60%).  These rates are from the Office of Personnel Management (OPM), 2022 General Schedule, which excludes locality rates of pay. The rates have been increased by 60 percent to account for the benefit packages available to government employees. 
[b]  We have assumed that this activity is a one-time activity that applies only to new sources.  
[c] The 2015 final rule requires catalytic cracking unit catalyst regeneration to conduct EPA Reference Method (M5) PM testing every 5 years, unless the unit is subject to the "NSPS J" compliance option and the PM emissions rate during the most recent test is greater than 0.8 g PM/kg coke burn-off. For units in excess of that rate, testing is required annually. It was assumed that 10 percent of sources will require annual testing. There are 106 FCCUs that will test over the 3 years so each year, approximately 45.9 performance tests will be conducted (106 units / 3 years + 106 x 0.1 = 45.9 tests/year.
[d]  The 2015 final rule required each catalytic cracking unit to conduct a one-time EPA Reference Method 320 test for HCN by August 1, 2017, or within 150 days of startup of a new unit. Therefore, it is assumed that this activity applies only to new units.
e We assume that the burdens associated with review of RATA testing are roughly equal to those for review of a performance test. We also assume that there are 96 respondents with 231 SRU units (2.41 units/respondent). There are 25 respondents with SRUs using CEMs. Therefore, the number of SRUs using CEMs is 25 x 2.4 = 60 (rounded).
[f]  We have assumed that all sources would be submitting semiannual compliance reports.
g Totals have been rounded to 3 significant figures.  Figures may not add exactly due to rounding. 


