[Federal Register Volume 86, Number 97 (Friday, May 21, 2021)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 27756-27790]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2021-10109]



[[Page 27755]]

Vol. 86

Friday,

No. 97

May 21, 2021

Part IV





Environmental Protection Agency





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40 CFR Part 62





Federal Plan Requirements for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills That 
Commenced Construction On or Before July 17, 2014, and Have Not Been 
Modified or Reconstructed Since July 17, 2014; Final Rule

  Federal Register / Vol. 86 , No. 97 / Friday, May 21, 2021 / Rules 
and Regulations  

[[Page 27756]]


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ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 62

[EPA-HQ-OAR-2019-0338; FRL-10022-82-OAR]
RIN 2060-AU52


Federal Plan Requirements for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills 
That Commenced Construction On or Before July 17, 2014, and Have Not 
Been Modified or Reconstructed Since July 17, 2014

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Final rule.

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SUMMARY: In this action, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) 
is promulgating a Federal plan to implement the Emission Guidelines 
(EG) and Compliance Times for Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) Landfills 
(2016 MSW Landfills EG) for existing MSW landfills located in states 
and Indian country where state plans or tribal plans are not in effect. 
This MSW Landfills Federal Plan includes the same elements as required 
for a state plan: Identification of legal authority and mechanisms for 
implementation; inventory of designated facilities; emissions 
inventory; emission limits; compliance schedules; a process for the EPA 
or state review of design plans for site-specific gas collection and 
control systems (GCCS); testing, monitoring, reporting and record 
keeping requirements; and public hearing requirements. Additionally, 
this action summarizes implementation and delegation of authority of 
the MSW Landfills Federal Plan.

DATES: The final rule is effective on June 21, 2021. The incorporation 
by reference (IBR) of certain publications listed in the rule is 
approved by the Director of the Federal Register as of June 21, 2021.

ADDRESSES: The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has 
established a docket for this action under Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-
2019-0338. All documents in the docket are listed on the https://www.regulations.gov/ website. Although listed, some information is not 
publicly available, e.g., Confidential Business Information or other 
information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. Certain other 
material, such as copyrighted material, is not placed on the internet 
and will be publicly available only in hard copy form. Publicly 
available docket materials are available either electronically through 
https://www.regulations.gov/ or in hard copy at the EPA Docket Center, 
WJC West Building, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, 
DC. The EPA has temporarily suspended its Docket Center and Reading 
Room for public visitors to reduce the risk of transmitting COVID-19. 
Our Docket Center staff will continue to provide remote customer 
service via email, phone, and webform. The EPA continues to carefully 
and continuously monitor information from the Centers for Disease 
Control (CDC), local area health departments, and our Federal partners 
so that we can respond rapidly as conditions change regarding COVID-19. 
For further information on EPA Docket Center services and the current 
status, please visit us online at https://www.epa.gov/dockets.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: For questions about this final action, 
contact Andrew Sheppard, Sector Policies and Programs Division (E143-
03), Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711; 
telephone number: (919) 541-4161; fax number: (919) 541-0516; and email 
address: sheppard.andrew@epa.gov. For specific information regarding 
the implementation of this Federal plan, contact the appropriate EPA 
Regional office listed in Table 3 of this preamble.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
    Preamble acronyms and abbreviations. We use multiple acronyms and 
terms in this preamble. While this list may not be exhaustive, to ease 
the reading of this preamble and for reference purposes, the EPA 
defines the following terms and acronyms here:

AG attorney general
CAA Clean Air Act
CDX Central Data Exchange
CEDRI Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CHIEF Clearinghouse for Inventories and Emissions Factors
COVID-19 coronavirus disease of 2019
EG emission guidelines
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
ERT Electronic Reporting Tool
GCCS gas collection and control system
IBR incorporation by reference
LFG landfill gas
m3 cubic meter
Mg megagram
MSW municipal solid waste
NMOC nonmethane organic compounds
NSPS new source performance standards
NTTAA National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act
OAQPS Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards
OMB Office of Management and Budget
ppm parts per million
PRA Paperwork Reduction Act
RFA Regulatory Flexible Act
RIN Regulatory Information Number
SEM surface emissions monitoring
UMRA Unfunded Mandate Reform Act
U.S.C. United States Code

    Organization of this document. The information in this preamble is 
organized as follows:

I. General Information
    A. Does this final action apply to me?
    B. Where can I get a copy of this document and other related 
information?
    C. Judicial Review
II. Background
    A. What is the regulatory development background for this final 
action?
    B. What is the purpose of this action?
    C. What is a negative declaration letter?
    D. What is the status of state plan submittals?
    E. What are the elements of the MSW Landfills Federal Plan?
III. What are the designated facilities?
    A. What is a designated MSW landfill?
    B. How do I determine if my MSW landfill is covered by an 
approved and effective state plan?
IV. Summary of Changes Since Proposal and Response to Comments
    A. Clarification of Requirements
    B. Inventory of Designated MSW Landfills
    C. Inventory of Emissions
V. Summary of Final MSW Landfills Federal Plan Requirements
    A. What are the final applicability requirements?
    B. What are the final compliance schedules?
    C. What are the final emissions limits and operating limits?
    D. What are the final performance testing and monitoring 
requirements?
    E. What are the final recordkeeping and reporting requirements?
VI. Implementation of the Federal Plan and Delegation
    A. Background of Authority
    B. Mechanisms for Transferring Authority
    C. Implementing Authority
    D. Delegation of the Federal Plan and Retained Authorities
VII. Title V Operating Permits
    A. Title V Requirements for Existing MSW Landfills
    B. Title V and Delegation of Federal Plan
VIII. Incorporation by Reference
IX. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews
    A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and 
Executive Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review
    B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)
    C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)
    D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)
    E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism
    F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With 
Indian Tribal Governments
    G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From 
Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks
    H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

[[Page 27757]]

    I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) and 
1 CFR part 51
    J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address 
Environmental Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income 
Populations
    K. Congressional Review Act (CRA)
    L. Clean Air Act Section 307(d)

I. General Information

A. Does this action apply to me?

    This final action addresses existing MSW landfills and associated 
solid waste management programs and promulgates regulations that were 
proposed on August 22, 2019 (84 FR 43745). For the purpose of this 
regulation, existing MSW landfills are those that accepted waste after 
November 8, 1987, and commenced construction on or before July 17, 
2014. Table 1 of this preamble lists the associated regulated 
industrial source categories that are the subject of this final action. 
Table 1 of this preamble is not intended to be exhaustive, but rather 
provides a guide for readers regarding the entities that this final 
action is likely to affect. To determine whether a source would be 
affected by this action, please examine the applicability criteria in 
40 CFR 62.16711 being finalized here. Questions regarding the 
applicability of this final action to a particular entity should be 
directed to the person listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION 
CONTACT section.

      Table 1--Industrial Source Categories Affected by This Action
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                 Examples of potentially   NAICS code 1
        Source category             regulated entities
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Industry: Air and water          Solid waste landfills..          924110
 resource and solid waste
 management.
Industry: Refuse systems--solid  Solid waste landfills..          562212
 waste landfills.
State, local, and tribal         Administration of air            924110
 government agencies.             and water resource and
                                  solid waste management
                                  programs.
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1 North American Industry Classification System.

B. Where can I get a copy of this document and other related 
information?

    In addition to being available in the docket, an electronic copy of 
this action is available on the internet. Following signature by the 
EPA Administrator, the EPA will post a copy of this final action at 
https://www.epa.gov/stationary-sources-air-pollution/municipal-solid-waste-landfills-new-source-performance-standards. Following publication 
in the Federal Register, the EPA will post the Federal Register version 
of this final action at this same website.

C. Judicial Review

    Under Clean Air Act (CAA) section 307(b)(1), judicial review of 
this final rule is available only by filing a petition for review in 
the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit by July 
20, 2021. Moreover, under section 307(b)(2) of the CAA, the 
requirements established by this final rule may not be challenged 
separately in any civil or criminal proceedings brought by the EPA to 
enforce these requirements. Section 307(d)(7)(B) of the CAA further 
provides that ``[o]nly an objection to a rule or procedure which was 
raised with reasonable specificity during the period for public comment 
(including any public hearing) may be raised during judicial review.'' 
This section also provides a mechanism for the EPA to convene a 
proceeding for reconsideration, ``[i]f the person raising an objection 
can demonstrate to the EPA that it was impracticable to raise such 
objection within [the period for public comment] or if the grounds for 
such objection arose after the period for public comment, (but within 
the time specified for judicial review) and if such objection is of 
central relevance to the outcome of the rule.'' Any person seeking to 
make such a demonstration should submit a Petition for Reconsideration 
to the Office of the Administrator, U.S. EPA, Room 3000, WJC South 
Building, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460, with a copy 
to both the person listed in the preceding FOR FURTHER INFORMATION 
CONTACT section, and the Associate General Counsel for the Air and 
Radiation Law Office, Office of General Counsel (Mail Code 2344A), U.S. 
EPA, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave. NW, Washington, DC 20460.

II. Background

A. What is the regulatory development background and legal authority 
for this action?

    Under authority of the CAA, the EPA has promulgated several 
regulations that apply to MSW landfills. In 1996, under CAA section 
111, the EPA promulgated the original standards of performance for new 
MSW landfills (i.e., new source performance standards or NSPS) at 40 
CFR part 60, subpart WWW, and EG for existing MSW landfills at 40 CFR 
part 60, subpart Cc (61 FR 9905; March 12, 1996). The NSPS and EG are 
based on the Administrator's determination that MSW landfills cause, or 
contribute significantly to, air pollution that may reasonably be 
anticipated to endanger public health or welfare. In 1999, the EPA 
promulgated a Federal plan under CAA section 111 to implement the 1996 
EG for MSW landfills located in states that did not have approved and 
effective state plans (40 CFR part 62, subpart GGG) (64 FR 60689, 
November 8, 1999). The Federal plan was necessary to implement the 1996 
EG for MSW landfills located in states and Indian country where state 
plans or tribal plans were not in effect.
    Beginning in 2014, the EPA reviewed the NSPS and EG based on 
changes in the landfill industry since the rules were first promulgated 
in 1996, including changes to the size and number of existing 
landfills, industry practices, and gas control methods and 
technologies. In August 2016, the EPA made several revisions to further 
reduce emissions of landfill gas (LFG) and its components and 
promulgated revised subparts for the MSW Landfills NSPS at 40 CFR part 
60, subpart XXX, and the EG for existing MSW landfills at 40 CFR part 
60, subpart Cf (81 FR 59276 and 59332, August 29, 2016).

B. What is the purpose of this action?

    The CAA regulations implementing the EG require states with 
existing MSW landfills subject to the EG to submit state plans to the 
EPA in order to implement and enforce the EG. State plans implementing 
the 2016 MSW Landfills EG were due on May 30, 2017.\1\ For states that 
did not submit an

[[Page 27758]]

approvable plan by that deadline, CAA section 111 and 40 CFR 60.27(c) 
and (d) require the EPA to develop, implement, and enforce a Federal 
plan for existing MSW landfills located in any state (i.e., state, 
territory, or protectorate) or Indian country that does not have an 
approved state plan \2\ that implements the 2016 MSW Landfills EG. On 
August 22, 2019, the EPA proposed a Federal plan under CAA section 111 
to implement the 2016 EG for MSW landfills located in states that did 
not have approved and effective state plans (40 CFR part 62, subpart 
OOO) (84 FR 43745, August 22, 2019). On February 29, 2020, the EPA 
found 42 states and territories failed to submit state plans for the 
2016 MSW Landfills EG (85 FR 14474, February 29, 2020), and as a 
result, this final action establishes an MSW Landfills Federal Plan to 
implement the 2016 MSW Landfills EG for those states that do not 
presently have an approved state plan.
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    \1\ May 30, 2017, was the original deadline for submission of 
state plans pursuant to subpart B when subpart Cf (40 CFR 60.30f(b) 
of this chapter) was promulgated on August 29, 2016. The EPA 
subsequently finalized a rulemaking (84 FR 44547) on August 26, 
2019, to change the MSW Landfills state and federal plan timing 
requirements by incorporating revised state and federal plan timing 
requirements in the newly promulgated subpart Ba (84 FR 32520, July 
8, 2019), which had the effect of extending the deadline for state 
plan submissions for subpart Cf. The timing requirements in subpart 
Ba were subsequently vacated by American Lung Ass'n v. EPA, 985 F.3d 
914, 991-95 (D.C. Cir. 2021) (ALA). In light of the ALA decision, 
The EPA has moved for voluntary vacatur of the subsequent landfills 
rulemaking. See Environmental Defense Fund v. EPA, No. 19-1222 (D.C. 
Circuit). As a result, the original timelines in subpart B would 
apply again to the landfills plans.
    \2\ An approved state plan is a plan developed by a state that 
the EPA has reviewed and approved based on the requirements in 40 
CFR part 60, subparts B or Ba, as applicable, to implement 40 CFR 
part 60, subpart Cf.
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    For the purposes of this preamble and the MSW Landfills Federal 
Plan, the word ``state'' means any of the 50 United States, local 
agencies that have been delegated implementation and enforcement 
authority within those states, and the protectorates of the United 
States. The word ``protectorate'' means American Samoa, the 
Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the District of Columbia, Guam, the 
Northern Mariana Islands, and the Virgin Islands.

C. What is a negative declaration letter?

    A negative declaration is a letter to the EPA declaring either that 
there are no existing MSW landfills in the state or portion of Indian 
country at all or that there are no existing MSW landfills in the state 
or portion of Indian country that must install collection and control 
systems according to the requirements of the 2016 MSW Landfills EG. 
States or Indian tribes that submit negative declarations are not 
expected to submit state or tribal plans. Accordingly, because states 
and Indian tribes with approved negative declarations do not have 
approved state or tribal plans, existing MSW landfills with a design 
capacity equal to or greater than 2.5 million megagrams (Mg) and 2.5 
million cubic meters (m\3\) in the state or portion of Indian country 
are considered to be subject to the MSW Landfills Federal Plan. 
Existing MSW landfills with a design capacity less than 2.5 million Mg 
or 2.5 million m\3\ that are located in states or portion of Indian 
country that submitted a negative declaration are not required to 
submit an initial design capacity report if the negative declaration 
letter includes the design capacity for the landfills. Such MSW 
landfills, however, continue to be subject to the requirements in the 
definition of design capacity in 40 CFR 62.16730 to recalculate the 
site-specific density annually and in 40 CFR 62.16724(b) to submit an 
amended design capacity report in the event that the recalculated 
design capacity is equal to or greater than 2.5 million Mg and 2.5 
million m\3\, as clarified in 40 CFR 62.16711(c).

D. What is the status of state plan submittals?

    Before proposal of this Federal plan on August 22, 2019, the EPA 
had received 8 state plan submittals to implement the 2016 MSW 
Landfills EG, which included submittals from the following: Arizona 
(one plan covering Maricopa County, one covering Pinal County, and 
another covering the remainder of the state excluding Pima county), 
California, Delaware, New Mexico (one plan covering Albuquerque-
Bernalillo County and another covering the remainder of the state), and 
West Virginia. The EPA has reviewed and fully approved six of these 
state plans that were submitted. The EPA also partially approved and 
partially disapproved the California state plan. See the memorandum, 
Approved State Plans Implementing the 2016 MSW Landfills Emission 
Guidelines, which is available in the docket for this action. The plan 
from Maricopa County, Arizona, was withdrawn on July 3, 2019. The EPA 
subsequently received and approved negative declarations from three 
additional states (Maine, Rhode Island, and Vermont) and two local 
authorities (Washington, DC and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania) as well as 
three state plans (Oregon, South Dakota and Virginia). The EPA is not 
aware of any tribes that have developed plans to implement the 2016 MSW 
Landfills EG or submitted negative declarations. For all other 
locations, the EPA is establishing this MSW Landfills Federal Plan to 
implement the 2016 MSW Landfills EG in states and Indian country that 
do not yet have an approved and effective state or tribal plan.
    The California state plan was partially disapproved because it does 
not fully meet certain provisions of the 2016 MSW Landfills EG. The 
California state plan omitted certain operational, monitoring, 
recordkeeping, and corrective action requirements related to 
temperature and/or oxygen or nitrogen levels. Therefore, in accordance 
with 40 CFR 60.27(c), the EPA is revising 40 CFR part 62, subpart F to 
identify the provisions of the Federal plan corresponding to the 
omitted requirements (40 CFR 60.34f(c), 60.36f(a)(5), 60.37f(a)(2) and 
(3), 60.38f(k), and 60.39f(e)(2) and (5)) that existing MSW landfills 
in California must implement in addition to the approved portion of the 
California plan. That update is described in section V of this 
preamble.
    As of March 23, 2021, two more states (New York, Florida) have 
submitted state plans for review. The MSW landfills covered by the 
state plans submitted to date will not be subject to the MSW Landfills 
Federal Plan once the state plan that includes those MSW landfills has 
been approved and becomes effective. However, MSW landfills located in 
those states would remain subject to the Federal plan (or portions of 
the Federal plan) in the event that the state plan is subsequently 
disapproved, in whole or in part. Table 2 of this preamble summarizes 
the status of state plans and negative declarations as of February 5, 
2021.

                     Table 2--Status of State Plans
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            Status                               States
------------------------------------------------------------------------
I. EPA-Approved State Plans..  Arizona (one plan covering Pinal County
                                and another covering the state); 1
                                California (partial approval, partial
                                disapproval); Delaware; New Mexico (one
                                plan covering Albuquerque-Bernalillo
                                County and another covering the state);
                                Oregon; South Dakota; Virginia; and West
                                Virginia.

[[Page 27759]]

 
II. Negative Declarations      Maine; Rhode Island; Vermont; Washington,
 Approved by the EPA.           DC; Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
III. Final State Plans and     Florida; New York.
 Negative Declarations
 Submitted to the EPA.
IV. EPA Has Not Received a     Alabama; Alaska; Arkansas; Colorado;
 Final State Plan or Negative   Connecticut; Georgia; Hawaii; Idaho;
 Declaration.                   Illinois; Indiana; Iowa; Kansas;
                                Kentucky; Louisiana; Maryland;
                                Massachusetts; Michigan; Minnesota;
                                Mississippi; Missouri; Montana;
                                Nebraska; Nevada; New Hampshire; New
                                Jersey; North Carolina; North Dakota;
                                Ohio; Oklahoma; Pennsylvania; Puerto
                                Rico; South Carolina; Tennessee; Texas;
                                Utah; Virgin Islands; Washington;
                                Wisconsin; Wyoming.
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1 The Arizona state plan does not cover Maricopa or Pima counties.

    As the EPA Regional offices approve state plans subsequent to the 
issuance of the Federal plan, they will also, in the same action, amend 
the appropriate subpart of 40 CFR part 62 to codify their approvals. 
MSW landfill owners or operators can also contact the EPA Regional 
office for the state in which their MSW landfill is located to 
determine whether there is an approved and effective state plan in 
place. Table 3 of this preamble lists the addresses for the EPA 
Regional offices and the states that they cover.

                      Table 3--EPA Regional Offices
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         Region                  Address          States and territories
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Region I...............  5 Post Office Square-    Connecticut,
                          Suite 100, Boston, MA    Massachusetts, Maine,
                          02109-3912.              New Hampshire, Rhode
                                                   Island, Vermont.
Region II..............  290 Broadway, New York,  New York, New Jersey,
                          NY 10007-1866.           Puerto Rico, Virgin
                                                   Islands.
Region III.............  Air Protection           Virginia, Delaware,
                          Division, Mail Code      District of Columbia,
                          3AP00, 1650 Arch         Maryland,
                          Street, Philadelphia,    Pennsylvania, West
                          PA 19103-1129.           Virginia.
Region IV..............  61 Forsyth Street SW,    Florida, Georgia,
                          Atlanta, GA 30303-3104.  North Carolina,
                                                   Alabama, Kentucky,
                                                   Mississippi, South
                                                   Carolina, Tennessee.
Region V...............  Mail Code A-17J, 77      Minnesota, Wisconsin,
                          West Jackson Blvd.,      Illinois, Indiana,
                          Chicago, Il 60604-3590.  Michigan, Ohio.
Region VI..............  1201 Elm Street, Suite   Arkansas, Louisiana,
                          500, Dallas, TX 75270-   New Mexico, Oklahoma,
                          2102.                    Texas.
Region VII.............  Air and Waste            Iowa, Kansas,
                          Management Division,     Missouri, Nebraska.
                          11201 Renner
                          Boulevard, Lenexa,
                          Kansas 66219.
Region VIII............  Director, Air Program,   Colorado, Montana,
                          Office of Partnerships   North Dakota, South
                          and Regulatory           Dakota, Utah,
                          Assistance, Mail Code    Wyoming.
                          8P-AR, 1595 Wynkoop
                          Street, Denver, CO
                          80202-1129.
Region IX..............  75 Hawthorne Street,     Arizona, California,
                          San Francisco, CA        Hawaii, Nevada,
                          94105.                   American Samoa, Guam,
                                                   Northern Mariana
                                                   Islands.
Region X...............  1200 6th Avenue, Suite   Washington, Alaska,
                          155, Seattle, WA 98101.  Idaho, Oregon.
------------------------------------------------------------------------

E. What are the elements of the MSW Landfills Federal Plan?

    Section 111(d) of the CAA, as amended, 42 U.S.C. 7411(d), requires 
states to develop and implement state plans for MSW landfills to 
implement and enforce the promulgated EG. Accordingly, 40 CFR part 60, 
subpart Cf requires states to submit state plans that include specified 
elements. Because this Federal plan takes the place of state plans, 
where state plans are not fully approved and effective, it includes the 
same essential elements: (1) Identification of legal authority and 
mechanisms for implementation; (2) inventory of designated facilities; 
(3) inventory of emissions; (4) emission limits; (5) compliance 
schedules; (6) process for the EPA or state review of site-specific 
design plans for GCCS; (7) testing, monitoring, reporting, and 
recordkeeping requirements; and (8) public hearing requirements. Each 
element was discussed in detail as it relates to the Federal plan in 
section IV of the preamble of the proposed rule (84 FR 43745, August 
22, 2019).

III. What are the designated facilities?

A. What is a designated MSW landfill?

    The designated facility for the MSW Landfills Federal Plan is each 
MSW landfill that (1) commenced construction, reconstruction, or 
modification prior to July 17, 2014, and has not been modified or 
reconstructed since then, and (2) has accepted waste since November 8, 
1987, or has capacity for future waste deposition, which also includes 
MSW landfills that were subject to 40 CFR part 62, subpart GGG or 40 
CFR part 60, subpart WWW.
    If an existing MSW landfill subject to the Federal plan increases 
its permitted volume design capacity through vertical or horizontal 
expansion (i.e., is modified) on or after July 17, 2014, it would be 
subject to the MSW Landfills NSPS (40 CFR part 60, subpart XXX) (see 81 
FR 59332, August 29, 2016) and would no longer be subject to the 
Federal plan. An existing MSW landfill that makes operational changes 
without increasing the horizontal or vertical dimensions of the 
landfill would continue to be subject to the Federal or approved state 
plan that implements the 2016 MSW Landfills EG, rather than the NSPS.

B. How do I determine if my MSW landfill is covered by an approved and 
effective state plan?

    The status of approval and promulgation of CAA section 111(d) state 
plans for designated sources in each state or territory is identified 
in 40 CFR part 62. However, 40 CFR part 62 is only updated 
periodically. Thus, if 40 CFR part 62 does not indicate that a state 
has an approved and effective plan, please contact the appropriate EPA 
Regional office (see Table 3 in section II.D of this preamble) to 
determine if approval has occurred

[[Page 27760]]

since publication of the most recent version of 40 CFR part 62. Each 
state plan becomes effective 30 days after the final EPA approval of 
the state plan is published in the Federal Register.
    This final action does not preclude states from submitting a state 
plan later. If a state submits a plan after the promulgation date of 
the MSW Landfills Federal Plan, the EPA will review and approve or 
disapprove the state plan. If the EPA approves a plan, then the MSW 
Landfills Federal Plan no longer applies to MSW landfills covered by 
the state plan. If an MSW landfill is overlooked by a state that has an 
approved negative declaration, or if an individual MSW landfill is not 
covered by an approved and effective state plan, the MSW landfill will 
remain subject to this Federal plan.

IV. Summary of Changes Since Proposal and Response to Comments

    This section summarizes all changes made to the Federal plan since 
proposal, in part, in response to public comments. The changes include 
clarifications regarding initial reporting requirements and timing of 
GCCS for landfills that have previously submitted a GCCS design plan 
for other MSW landfill Federal regulations, clarifications on LFG 
treatment system monitoring plan requirements, and the updated 
inventory of designated facilities and their emissions. The EPA 
received six comment letters on the proposed MSW Landfills Federal 
Plan. Certain comments and responses are contained in this section that 
are relevant to the EPA's clarification of requirements.\3\ For more 
information, see the response to comments document, titled Summary of 
Public Comments and EPA's Responses for the Proposed Federal Plan 
Requirements for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills That Commenced 
Construction On or Before July 17, 2014, and Have Not Been Modified or 
Reconstructed Since July 17, 2014, which is available in the docket for 
this action.
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    \3\ Copies of all comments submitted are available at the EPA 
Docket Center Public Reading Room and are also available 
electronically through https://www.regulations.gov/ by searching 
Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2019-0338.
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A. Clarification of Requirements

1. Legacy Controlled Landfills
    Comment: Two commenters requested that the EPA clarify the 
compliance timelines and requirements for plan submittals to address 
existing MSW landfills that have already installed a GCCS. 
Specifically, one commenter requested that the EPA clarify which of the 
initial plans and reports are required for existing landfills that 
already submitted such initial reports under the subpart WWW NSPS. The 
other commenter suggested that landfills that have already installed a 
GCCS should not be subject to the second and third increments of 
progress, since awarding contracts and initiating on-site construction 
may have already occurred. The commenter said that such landfills would 
still be subject to the requirement to fully comply with all aspects of 
the Federal plan as of the 30-month deadline.
    Response: The EPA agrees that additional clarification is needed 
regarding several compliance obligations for landfills that are already 
controlling emissions under previous Federal regulations. Although EPA 
anticipated that additional landfills would require controls as a 
result of the revised regulations at 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cf, EPA's 
intent was that, if a landfill was already classified as a ``controlled 
landfill,'' the 30-month period to install and operate a GCCS cannot be 
reset or restarted. Therefore, the EPA is clarifying its intent in the 
regulatory provisions for the timing of compliance with certain 
requirements for landfills that were considered to be a controlled 
landfill under 40 CFR part 60, subpart WWW; 40 CFR part 62, subpart 
GGG; or a state plan implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc, as 
discussed in the remainder of this response.
    The NSPS at 40 CFR part 60, subpart WWW, identified and defined the 
term ``controlled landfill'' as one that had triggered the nonmethane 
organic compounds (NMOC) threshold of 50 Mg per year or more and 
submitted its collection and control system design plan. The provisions 
of 40 CFR part 60, subpart WWW, require the design plan to be submitted 
within 1 year of the first NMOC annual emission rate report that is 
equal to or greater than 50 Mg per year NMOC. The EG at 40 CFR part 60, 
subpart Cc, and the Federal plan at 40 CFR part 62, subpart GGG, do not 
define the term ``controlled landfill'' directly but note that the 
definition of terms used but not defined in those subparts has the 
meaning given them in the CAA and in 40 CFR part 60, subparts A, B, and 
WWW. These rules provide the same timing allowance of 1 year after the 
NMOC report showing emissions of 50 Mg NMOC per year or more to submit 
the collection and control system design plan. These landfills have 
already met requirements under existing 40 CFR part 60 or part 62 
regulations, and the EPA emphasizes that there is no need to duplicate 
those efforts when complying with the Federal plan being finalized in 
this action. The EPA has added a definition of the term ``legacy 
controlled landfill'' to 40 CFR 62.16730 to clarify requirements and 
compliance times for these landfills.
    Legacy controlled landfills have previously satisfied the 
requirement to submit their initial design capacity report, initial or 
annual NMOC emission rate reports, and collection and control system 
design plan. These reports were previously submitted under 40 CFR part 
60, subpart WWW; 40 CFR part 62, subpart GGG; or a state plan 
implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc. The EPA has clarified that it 
is not requiring these sources to resubmit any of these reports under 
40 CFR 62.16711(h).
    Additionally, because annual NMOC reports have been previously 
submitted under 40 CFR part 60, subpart WWW; 40 CFR part 62, subpart 
GGG; or a state plan implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc, some of 
the legacy controlled landfills have already passed the 30-month period 
after the first NMOC report that showed emissions of 50 Mg NMOC per 
year or more. Other legacy controlled landfills may not reach the end 
of the 30-month period until after this Federal plan becomes effective. 
The EPA has revised some of the increments of progress at 40 CFR 
62.16712 to account for landfills that have already achieved some or 
all of the increments of progress. The EPA has also revised 40 CFR 
62.16711(h), 62.16714(b)(2), 62.16724, and Table 1 of 40 CFR part 62, 
subpart OOO to more clearly define the requirements for these legacy 
controlled landfills.
    In this action, the EPA is also clarifying that legacy controlled 
landfills will continue to install and expand their GCCS under the 
Federal plan at the same schedule required by the previous landfill 
rules. That is, the owner or operator must expand the GCCS every 5 
years if in active areas, or every 2 years if the area is closed or at 
final grade. Similar to our intent that the 30-month period not be 
stopped or restarted with the promulgation of this Federal plan, the 
timeframe for GCCS expansions will continue without break as a landfill 
transitions from one of the previous regulations into this Federal 
plan.
    Legacy controlled landfills have until the effective date of this 
regulation June 21, 2021 to demonstrate compliance with the GCCS 
operational standards and the monitoring, reporting, and recordkeeping 
requirements outlined in the Federal plan. The MSW Landfills Federal 
Plan implements the 2016 MSW Landfills EG, which included some

[[Page 27761]]

changes to the GCCS operational standards, and associated monitoring, 
recordkeeping, and reporting requirements from the original NSPS and EG 
regulations. The MSW Landfills EG was published in August 2016, over 3 
years prior to the publication of the proposed Federal plan. 
Additionally, many of these requirements have provided additional 
operational flexibility to landfills, such as the removal of the 
oxygen/nitrogen operational standard at wellheads, the option to meet 
some of the GCCS removal criteria by demonstrating that the control 
system cannot operate for 15 years, new optional Tier 4 surface-
emissions-based provisions, and the ability to use actual gas flow data 
instead of modeled emissions for excluding non-productive areas of the 
landfill from control. Prior to compliance with the new requirements, 
owners or operators of legacy controlled landfills must continue to 
operate the GCCS and monitor, report, and keep records in accordance 
with the requirements in 40 CFR part 60, subpart WWW; 40 CFR part 62, 
subpart GGG; or a state plan implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc, 
depending on which regulation applies to the landfill before this 
Federal plan becomes effective.
    The EPA also acknowledges that some of the legacy controlled 
landfills have already conducted initial performance tests or submitted 
initial annual reports under the previous regulations. The EPA is 
exempting legacy controlled landfills from the requirement to redo any 
initial performance tests that were previously submitted under 40 CFR 
part 60, subpart WWW; 40 CFR part 62, subpart GGG; or a state plan 
implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc. However, if legacy controlled 
landfills add additional flares or any other additional control 
equipment after this Federal plan becomes effective, those test results 
must be submitted to EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX) and included in 
future annual reports. Similarly, the EPA is clarifying the timing of 
the initial annual report for legacy controlled landfills that have 
already submitted an initial report under previous landfill 
regulations. The EPA is clarifying in 40 CFR 62.16724(h) that legacy 
controlled landfills continue the annual frequency for reporting by 
allowing submittal 1 year after the report was submitted under the 
previous regulations. The contents of the annual reports submitted 
after this Federal plan becomes effective must reflect the requirements 
listed in 40 CFR 62.16724(h). For example, if a landfill submitted its 
last annual report under 40 CFR part 60, subpart WWW, in January 2021, 
the annual report under 40 CFR part 62, subpart OOO, will be due in 
January 2022 (1 year after the latest report) and submitted to CDX.
    The EPA also acknowledges some clarifications are necessary 
regarding the timing of treatment system monitoring plans for legacy 
controlled landfills that were treating LFG for subsequent sale or 
beneficial reuse before the effective date of the Federal plan. In the 
2016 MSW Landfills EG, the EPA finalized a new requirement to prepare a 
treatment system monitoring plan (40 CFR 60.39f(b)(5)). This plan was 
required to be submitted as part of the landfill's title V application 
and the plan would be reviewed as part of the general permitting 
process. Because legacy controlled landfills may not have already 
submitted this plan under the 5-year title V renewal timeline, we have 
clarified in 40 CFR 62.16724(d)(7) that legacy controlled landfills 
have up to May 23, 2022, to develop or update this plan. See EPA's 
Response to Comments document for the 2016 MSW Landfills EG (Docket ID 
Item No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2014-0451-0229, section 11.7). Landfills that are 
treating LFG are anticipated to already have documentation in place for 
LFG treatment specifications that are related to contractual agreements 
or operational procedures. Therefore, the EPA has determined that 1 
year is sufficient time to complete this requirement under the Federal 
plan.
2. Closed Landfills and the Closed Landfill Subcategory
    The EPA is clarifying the compliance obligation requirements for 
closed landfills, although these clarifications did not lead to a 
change in the regulatory text. The 2016 MSW Landfills EG established a 
closed landfill subcategory for landfills that closed on or before 
September 27, 2017. For landfills that meet the criteria of the closed 
landfill subcategory, the EPA is finalizing, as proposed, the exemption 
from submitting an initial or most recent NMOC emission rate report 
provided that the report showed emissions below 50 Mg per year, which 
is the emission threshold for this subcategory (see 40 CFR 
62.16711(g)(2)). However, for landfills that have closed since 
September 28, 2017, the EPA is requiring an initial NMOC emission rate 
report in order to assess whether the landfill exceeds the lower 
threshold of 34 Mg per year and must install a GCCS (see 40 CFR 
62.16714(e)). Because the emission rate threshold has been reduced, 
this initial report is necessary in order to establish the timeline and 
applicability for control requirements. After the initial NMOC report, 
subsequent annual reports are not required for closed landfills, as 
stated in 40 CFR 62.16714(e)(1)(ii). Similarly, landfills that had 
already installed a GCCS under 40 CFR part 60, subpart WWW; 40 CFR part 
62, subpart GGG; or a state plan implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart 
Cc and have closed since September 28, 2017, do not need to submit an 
initial NMOC report and are not required to submit subsequent annual 
reports (see 40 CFR 62.16714(e)(1)(ii)).
3. Other Technical Corrections and Clarifications
    The EPA is making several technical corrections in this final 
action that were identified during the public comment process in order 
to improve the clarity of the rule. Two commenters noted that a typo 
appeared in 40 CFR 62.16711(a)(1), where ``July 14, 2014'' appeared 
instead of the correct date, ``July 17, 2014.'' The EPA has corrected 
this typographical error in the final regulation. One commenter pointed 
out that 40 CFR 62.16712(a) instructed readers to refer to 40 CFR 
62.16730 for a definition of each increment of progress, however, the 
section did not contain these definitions. The EPA agrees with this 
missing reference and has added definitions to 40 CFR 62.16730 for nine 
terms: ``Achieve final compliance,'' ``Award contract,'' ``Complete on-
site construction,'' ``EPA approved state plan,'' ``Final control plan 
(Collection and control system design plan),'' ``Indian Country,'' 
``Initiate on-site construction,'' ``Negative declaration letter,'' and 
``Tribal plan.'' These definitions are consistent with the terms as 
defined in 40 CFR part 62, subpart GGG, and include modifications 
specific to the requirements of this MSW Landfills Federal Plan. The 
same commenter further noted that 40 CFR 62.16712(c) referred to Table 
2 in subpart OOO for site-specific compliance schedules, though there 
is no Table 2 included in subpart OOO. The EPA has not received any 
requests for site-specific compliance schedules, and we are therefore 
not including a Table 2 in the final rule. As such, the EPA has removed 
any reference to Table 2 from the regulatory text. Additionally, the 
EPA has corrected the citations in the regulatory text to refer to 40 
CFR 62.16710-62.16730 instead of 40 CFR 62.710-62.730.

[[Page 27762]]

B. Inventory of Designated MSW Landfills

    The docket for this action includes an inventory of the MSW 
landfills that are covered by this MSW Landfills Federal Plan in the 
absence of approved state or tribal plans. The inventory of designated 
facilities and their corresponding emissions are elements of a Federal 
plan, as discussed in section II.E of this preamble. At proposal, the 
EPA developed an initial inventory of landfills and emissions by 
identifying existing landfills that were expected to be covered by the 
proposed Federal plan (Docket ID Item No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2019-0338-0006) 
and requested that states or owners or operators identify additional 
sources for inclusion on the list. During the comment period, the EPA 
received one comment that provided edits to the source inventory for 
MSW landfills in Oklahoma. The commenter provided updated information 
about three landfills in the draft source inventory and provided a list 
of 11 landfills that accepted waste after November 8, 1987, that were 
missing from the draft inventory. A complete list of the additional 
landfills can be found in the comment letter (Docket ID Item No. EPA-
HQ-OAR-2019-0338-0012). In addition to adjusting the inventory based on 
public comments, the EPA reviewed and approved several state plans 
since proposal, as listed in section II.D of this preamble. Therefore, 
the EPA has also adjusted the inventory to remove any landfills for 
which EPA has signed an approval (full or partial) for the state plan, 
regardless of whether or not it has been published in the Federal 
Register and become effective. Since the approvals were submitted to 
the Federal Register before this rule, it is expected that the 
previously-approved state plans will be effective before the effective 
date of the MSW Landfills Federal Plan.
    As of February 2021, there are an estimated 1,590 landfills covered 
by this final Federal plan. These landfills exist in 42 states and the 
U.S. territories of Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands. Additionally, 
one tribal entity, the Salt River Pima Maricopa Indian Community, is 
covered by this final Federal plan. For a discussion of the sources, 
their locations, and information used to develop the source list, see 
the memorandum, Developing a Federal Plan Source and Emission 
Inventory-Final Rule, February 2021, which is available in the docket 
for this action. In addition to this list, any MSW landfill that meets 
the applicability criteria in this action is subject to the Federal 
plan, regardless of whether it is listed in the final inventory 
included in Developing a Federal Plan Source and Emission Inventory-
Final Rule, February 2021.

C. Inventory of Emissions

    As a required element of this Federal plan, the docket contains an 
inventory of emissions from the MSW landfills that are covered by this 
final Federal plan. The EPA estimated the emissions from the inventory 
of existing MSW landfills that are expected to be covered by the 
Federal plan as of February 5, 2021. Pollutant emissions are expressed 
in Mg NMOC per year in calendar year 2021. Table 4 of this preamble 
summarizes the results of the inventory.
    These estimates are based solely on the modeled emissions remaining 
after considering controls required by 40 CFR part 60, subparts WWW and 
Cc, and do not include any additional emissions reductions from 
voluntary actions, such as early installation of the GCCS. See the 
memorandum, Developing a Federal Plan Source and Emission Inventory-
Final Rule, February 2021, which is available in the docket for this 
action, for the complete emissions inventory, including detailed 
emissions from MSW landfills in each state, and details on the 
calculations used to determine those emissions.

Table 4--Summary of Estimated NMOC Emissions From Existing MSW Landfills
               Expected To Be Covered by the Federal Plan
------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                             2021 NMOC
                      Region/state                         emissions (Mg
                                                             per year)
------------------------------------------------------------------------
Region 1:
    Connecticut.........................................              13
    Massachusetts.......................................             391
    New Hampshire.......................................              74
Region 2:
    New Jersey..........................................             318
    New York............................................             833
    Puerto Rico.........................................             268
    Virgin Islands......................................              13
Region 3:
    Maryland............................................             412
    Pennsylvania........................................           1,391
Region 4:
    Alabama.............................................             424
    Florida.............................................           1,121
    Georgia.............................................           1,082
    Kentucky............................................             519
    Mississippi.........................................             205
    North Carolina......................................             934
    South Carolina......................................             440
    Tennessee...........................................             816
Region 5:
    Illinois............................................           1,301
    Indiana.............................................             767
    Michigan............................................           1,164
    Minnesota...........................................             258
    Ohio................................................           1,189
    Wisconsin...........................................             513
Region 6:
    Arkansas............................................             319
    Louisiana...........................................             587
    Oklahoma............................................             318
    Texas...............................................           2,030
Region 7:
    Iowa................................................             358
    Kansas..............................................             330
    Missouri............................................             427
    Nebraska............................................             279
Region 8:
    Colorado............................................             772
    Montana.............................................              93
    North Dakota........................................              50
    Utah................................................             298
    Wyoming.............................................              48
Region 9:
    Arizona *...........................................             377
    Hawaii..............................................             112
    Nevada..............................................              75
Region 10:
    Alaska..............................................              91
    Idaho...............................................             113
    Washington..........................................             388
------------------------------------------------------------------------
* Arizona includes estimates for 18 landfills in Maricopa and Pima
  counties only.

V. Summary of Final MSW Landfills Federal Plan Requirements

A. What are the final applicability requirements?

    The Federal plan applicability criteria (40 CFR 62.16711) reflect 
those established by the 2016 MSW Landfills EG (40 CFR 60.31f). The 
designated facility for this MSW Landfills Federal Plan is described in 
section III.A of this preamble and this action establishes an MSW 
Landfills Federal Plan to implement the 2016 MSW Landfills EG for 
designated facilities located in states and tribal countries without an 
approved state plan.
    The EPA partially approved and partially disapproved the California 
state plan because the plan omitted certain required provisions. Thus, 
for MSW landfills that are affected by the California state plan, the 
EPA is updating 40 CFR part 62, subpart F (40 CFR 62.1115(b)(2)) to 
identify the provisions of the Federal plan corresponding to the 
omitted requirements that existing MSW landfills in California must 
implement in addition to the approved portion of the California plan: 
40 CFR 62.16716(c) wellhead operational standards (corresponding to 40 
CFR 60.34f(c)), 62.16720(a)(5) wellhead monitoring (corresponding to 40 
CFR 60.36f(a)(5)),

[[Page 27763]]

62.16722(a)(2) and (3) wellhead monitoring (corresponding to 40 CFR 
60.37f(a)(2) and (3)), 62.16724(k) corrective action (corresponding to 
40 CFR 60.38f(k)), and 62.16726(e)(2) and (5) recordkeeping 
(corresponding to 40 CFR 60.39f(e)(2) and (5)).

B. What are the final compliance schedules?

    Unless the landfill is a legacy controlled landfill, owners or 
operators of MSW landfills subject to the MSW Landfills Federal Plan 
are required to submit a design capacity report within 90 days after 
the effective date of the Federal plan (40 CFR 62.16724(a)). If the 
design capacity report indicates a capacity equal to or greater than 
2.5 million Mg and 2.5 million m\3\ of solid waste a landfill can 
accept, an annual NMOC emission rate report must also be submitted 
within 90 days after the effective date of the Federal plan and then 
every 12 months until the landfill installs a GCCS (40 CFR 
62.16724(c)). As discussed in section IV.A of this preamble, legacy 
controlled landfills have satisfied the requirement to submit their 
initial design capacity report and NMOC emission rate report with their 
initial reports previously submitted under 40 CFR part 60, subpart WWW; 
40 CFR part 62, subpart GGG; or a state plan implementing 40 CFR part 
60, subpart Cc.
    If the first NMOC emission rate report submitted under the MSW 
Landfills Federal Plan shows emissions less than 34 Mg per year NMOC 
(50 Mg per year for the closed landfill subcategory), then the owner or 
operator must recalculate NMOC emissions annually and submit annual 
NMOC emission rate reports unless the MSW landfill is closed. (See 40 
CFR 62.16724(c)(3) for conditions under which 5-year reports rather 
than annual reports may be submitted.)
    If an emission rate report shows that NMOC emissions equal or 
exceed 34 Mg per year, the owner or operator must begin following 
enforceable increments of progress to install and operate a GCCS within 
30 months after the date the first annual NMOC Emission Rate Report 
shows NMOC reaching or exceeding 34 Mg per year NMOC (40 CFR 62.16712). 
Therefore, the generic schedule for the increments of progress starts 
with the date of the first annual emission rate report that shows NMOC 
emissions equal or exceed 34 Mg per year (40 CFR 62.16712(c)). 
Alternatively, a landfill may follow Tier 4 as discussed later in this 
section (40 CFR 62.16718(a)(6)). Legacy controlled landfills have 30 
months from when they submitted an NMOC emission rate report that 
showed emissions of 50 Mg per year or greater under 40 CFR part 60, 
subpart WWW; 40 CFR part 62, subpart GGG; or a state plan implementing 
40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc to demonstrate compliance with the 
increments of progress to install a GCCS. All designated facilities 
with a design capacity equal to or greater than 2.5 million Mg and 2.5 
million m\3\ are required to submit subsequent NMOC emission rate 
reports until the collection and control system begins operating in 
accordance with 40 CFR 62.16716.
    Increments of progress are required only for requirements with 
compliance deadlines exceeding 1 year. Therefore, the 30-month 
compliance timeline only applies to installations of GCCS for those 
sources newly subject to these requirements because of the revision to 
the NMOC emissions threshold. Otherwise, all designated facilities must 
comply with all applicable standards and monitoring, recordkeeping, and 
reporting requirements as of the effective date of this rule June 21, 
2021. For example, landfills must monitor all cover penetrations and 
keep records of locational data (longitude and latitude coordinates) of 
each monitored exceedance during quarterly surface emissions monitoring 
(SEM) as of the effective date of this rule. Additionally, certain 
reports are required to be submitted electronically after the effective 
date of this rule.
    This MSW Landfills Federal Plan includes the five increments of 
progress required by 40 CFR 60.24(e)(1) and provides flexibility to 
establish the increment dates (40 CFR 62.16712). The MSW Landfills 
Federal Plan contains a generic compliance schedule (Table 1 to 40 CFR 
part 62, subpart OOO) that applies to designated MSW landfills unless 
the EPA approves an alternative schedule according to the criteria in 
40 CFR 60.27(e)(2). Legacy controlled landfills have already satisfied, 
at a minimum, the first increment of progress under their previous 
rule. Depending on where the landfill is in the construction and 
operation phase of its GCCS, they may have already satisfied all five 
increments of progress. If a landfill has not yet reached increment 5 
(achieve final compliance), it must demonstrate compliance with any 
remaining increments of progress on this schedule. However, the 
landfill must use the date of its first NMOC emission rate report 
submitted under 40 CFR part 60, subpart WWW; 40 CFR part 62, subpart 
GGG; or a state plan implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc showing 
NMOC emissions at or above 50 Mg to calculate deadlines for remaining 
increments not yet met. The landfill may not resubmit a new emission 
rate report to restart the timeline for meeting each increment of 
progress.
    The five mandatory increments of progress are as follows:
    1. Submit final control plan (design plan)--12 months after the 
first annual emission rate report showing NMOC emissions >=34 Mg per 
year (>=50 Mg per year for the closed landfill subcategory).
    2. Award contracts for control systems or orders for purchase of 
components--20 months after the first annual emission rate report 
showing NMOC emissions >=34 Mg per year (>=50 Mg per year for the 
closed landfill subcategory).
    3. Begin on-site construction or installation of the GCCS--24 
months after the first annual emission rate report showing NMOC 
emissions >=34 Mg per year (>=50 Mg per year for the closed landfill 
subcategory).
    4. Complete on-site construction or installation of the GCCS--30 
months after the first annual emission rate report showing NMOC 
emissions >=34 Mg per year (>=50 Mg per year for the closed landfill 
subcategory).
    5. Achieve final compliance--30 months after the first annual 
emission rate report showing NMOC emissions >=34 Mg per year (>=50 Mg 
per year for the closed landfill subcategory). Note that the initial 
performance test to demonstrate compliance must be conducted within 180 
days after the date the landfill is required to achieve final 
compliance. For a legacy controlled landfill, the initial or most 
recent performance test conducted to comply with 40 CFR part 60, 
subpart WWW; 40 CFR part 62, subpart GGG; or a state plan implementing 
40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc, is sufficient for compliance with this 
part. The test report does not have to be resubmitted.
    The compliance deadline for the first, fourth, and fifth increments 
is established in the 2016 MSW Landfill EG. The EPA selected the 
deadlines for the second and third increments to match the lengths of 
time for these increments that was included in the previous Federal 
plan for MSW landfills and to allow a reasonable period of time for MSW 
landfills to: Complete these activities, have the regulatory agency 
review and approve the design plan, solicit bids, and award contracts 
within the overall implementation schedule. According to 40 CFR 
60.27(e)(1), Federal plan compliance times may be no less stringent 
than those established in the EG. The EPA will accept facility-specific 
compliance schedules from MSW landfill owners or operators, as allowed 
under 40 CFR 60.27(e)(2). However, owners or operators using alternate 
dates for increments 2 and 3

[[Page 27764]]

must continue to meet the required dates for increments 1, 4, and 5.
    Owners or operators employing Tier 4 would follow the generic 
compliance schedule for Tier 4 landfills in Table 1 to 40 CFR part 62, 
subpart OOO. Increment 1 is triggered by the first measured 
concentration of methane of 500 parts per million (ppm) or greater, 
rather than the initial NMOC emission rate report showing NMOC 
emissions 34 Mg per year or greater. Landfills employing Tier 4 would 
continue to submit an annual NMOC emission rate report (40 CFR 
62.16724(c)). Timing of increments 2 through 5 for Tier 4 landfills are 
based on the most recent NMOC emission rate report showing NMOC 
emissions rate of 34 Mg per year or greater.

C. What are the final emissions limits and operating limits?

    The EPA requires that an MSW landfill subject to the Federal plan 
must install and operate a GCCS that meets specified emissions and 
operating limits (40 CFR 62.16714 and 40 CFR 62.16716), if the NMOC 
emissions rate is 34 Mg per year or more (50 Mg per year or more for 
the closed landfill subcategory). The standards require owners or 
operators to operate the GCCS at a negative pressure at each wellhead 
(except during certain specified conditions), operate the interior 
wellhead at a temperature less than 55 degrees Celsius (131 degrees 
Fahrenheit), and operate the collection system so that the methane 
concentration is less than 500 ppm above background at the surface of 
the landfill (40 CFR 62.16716(b)--(d)). The owner or operator of a 
landfill must control the collected gas by routing it to either: (1) A 
non-enclosed flare designed and operated according to the requirements 
of 40 CFR 60.18, (2) an enclosed control device achieving 98-percent 
NMOC reduction or an outlet concentration of 20 ppm NMOC by volume or 
less, or (3) a gas treatment system that processes the collected gas 
for subsequent sale or beneficial use (40 CFR 62.16714(c)).
    The requirements of the Federal plan are the same as the 
requirements of the 2016 MSW Landfills EG. Consistent with a Federal 
Register document on March 16, 2020 (85 FR 17244), this Federal plan 
applies the ``opt-in'' provisions that allow MSW landfills affected by 
the NSPS and EG to demonstrate compliance with the major compliance 
provisions of the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air 
Pollutants: Municipal Solid Waste Landfills (MSW Landfills NESHAP) in 
lieu of complying with the analogous provisions in the NSPS and EG. The 
opt-in provisions allow landfills to follow one set of operational, 
compliance, monitoring, and reporting provisions for pressure and 
temperature. The opt-in provisions appear in this Federal plan at 40 
CFR 62.16716, 62.16720, and 62.16722, as well as corresponding 
recordkeeping and reporting provisions in 40 CFR 62.16724 and 62.17726.
    This Federal plan also applies a technical correction made to the 
compliance provisions section of the MSW Landfills EG (85 FR 17244, 
March 16, 2020). The technical correction appears in this Federal plan 
at 40 CFR 62.16720(a)(3)(ii). The technical correction accounts for 
elevated temperature measurement as a parameter for which the root 
cause analysis is required and for which the owner or operator must 
follow the corrective action schedule.

D. What are the final performance testing and monitoring requirements?

1. NMOC Emissions Rate
    The EPA requires that, to determine if a GCCS is required, the 
owner or operator must determine NMOC emissions using one or both of 
the two emission rate equations in the rule and one of four optional 
methods to determine the model inputs (referred to as tier methods in 
the rule) (40 CFR 62.16718(a)). Tier 1 uses default assumptions for 
methane generation rate and NMOC concentration in the emissions model 
(40 CFR 62.16718(a)(2)). Tier 2 requires testing to determine a site-
specific NMOC concentration. Tier 3 requires testing to determine a 
site-specific NMOC concentration and methane generation rate (40 CFR 
62.16718(a)(4)). Any MSW landfill that exceeds the NMOC emissions 
threshold using Tier 2 or 3 would install a GCCS unless the owner or 
operator chooses to use Tier 4 (40 CFR 62.16718(a)(6)).
    Tier 4 is based on SEM to demonstrate that surface emissions are 
low (40 CFR 62.16718(a)(6)). An owner or operator can use Tier 4 only 
if the MSW landfill owner or operator can demonstrate that NMOC 
emissions are greater than or equal to 34 Mg per year but less than 50 
Mg per year using Tier 1 or Tier 2. An MSW landfill employing Tier 4 
that can demonstrate that surface emissions are below 500 ppm for four 
consecutive quarters would not trigger the requirement to install a 
GCCS even if Tier 1, 2, or 3 calculations indicate that the 34 Mg per 
year threshold has been exceeded. However, once SEM demonstrates 
emissions exceeding 500 ppm (40 CFR 62.16718(a)(6)(v)), the MSW 
landfill would be required to install a GCCS according to the schedule 
in section V.B of this preamble and Table 1 to 40 CFR part 62, subpart 
OOO.
2. Gas Collection System Monitoring
    The EPA requires that the LFG collection system must be equipped 
with a sampling or access port and the owner or operator must 
periodically monitor gauge pressure in the gas collection header, 
monitor nitrogen or oxygen content in the LFG, and monitor temperature 
of the LFG (40 CFR 62.16722(a)).
3. Flare Monitoring
    The EPA requires that, if a flare is used, the owner or operator 
must monitor the flare using a heat sensing device that indicates 
presence of a flame and a device that records flow to the flare and any 
bypass lines (40 CFR 62.16722(c)).
4. Control Device Testing and Monitoring
    The EPA requires that, if an enclosed control device is used, the 
owner or operator must conduct an initial performance test (40 CFR 
62.16714(c)). The owner or operator must then operate the device as 
required by the manufacturer's specifications, install a temperature 
monitoring device, and install a device that records flow to the 
control device and any bypass lines (40 CFR 62.16722(b)). A temperature 
monitoring device is not required for boilers or process heaters with a 
design heat capacity of 44 megawatts or greater (40 CFR 
62.16722(b)(1)).

E. What are the final recordkeeping and reporting requirements?

    The EPA requires that owners or operators must retain records of 
all required monitor readings (40 CFR 62.16726). Owners or operators 
must submit certain required performance test reports, NMOC emission 
rate reports, and annual reports documenting compliance and any 
deviations from the operating standards in the Federal plan (40 CFR 
62.16724). As noted in section V.C of this preamble, the Federal plan 
adds the opt-in provisions consistent with the MSW Landfills EG. 
Corresponding recordkeeping and reporting provisions appear in 40 CFR 
62.16724(h), (k), and (q) and 62.16726(e). Also as noted in section V.C 
of this preamble, the Federal plan applies a technical correction to 
the compliance provisions and the corresponding reporting requirement 
in the reporting section. Those reporting corrections appear in this 
Federal plan

[[Page 27765]]

at 40 CFR 62.16724(h)(7) and ensure that the owner or operator conducts 
a corrective action analysis, develops an implementation schedule, and 
reports corrective action(s) to address not only positive pressure, but 
also elevated temperature.
    All required reports must be submitted through the EPA's CDX using 
the Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI) (40 CFR 
62.16724(j)). Owners or operators are allowed to maintain electronic 
copies of the records in lieu of hardcopies to satisfy Federal 
recordkeeping requirements.
    The requirement to submit performance test data electronically to 
the EPA would apply only to those performance tests conducted using 
test methods that are supported by the Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT). 
A listing of the pollutants and test methods supported by the ERT is 
available at: https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ert/ert_info.html. When 
the EPA adds new methods to the ERT, a notice will be sent out through 
the Clearinghouse for Inventories and Emissions Factors (CHIEF) 
Listserv (https://www.epa.gov/airemissions-inventories/emissionsinventory-listservs) and a notice of availability will be 
added to the ERT website. The EPA encourages landfill owners or 
operators to check the ERT website regularly for up-to-date information 
on methods supported by the ERT.

VI. Implementation of the Federal Plan and Delegation

A. Background of Authority

    Under CAA section 111(d) and the EPA's regulations implementing 
that section, the EPA adopts EG that are applicable to existing MSW 
landfills. These EG are implemented when the EPA approves a state or 
tribal plan or adopts a Federal plan that implements and enforces the 
EG. As discussed in section III of this preamble, this final action 
regulates existing MSW landfills in states or Indian country that do 
not have fully approved plans in effect to implement the EG.
    Congress has determined that the primary responsibility for air 
pollution prevention and control rests with state, tribal, and local 
agencies. See CAA section 101(a)(3). Consistent with that overall 
determination, Congress established CAA section 111(d) with the intent 
that state, tribal, and local agencies take the primary responsibility 
for ensuring, with regard to existing sources, that the standards of 
performance and other requirements contemplated by that section, and 
implemented by the EPA through its general regulations implementing 
that section and its particular EGs, are achieved. Also, in CAA section 
111(d) Congress explicitly required that the EPA establish procedures 
that are like those under CAA section 110(c) for state implementation 
plans. Although Congress required the EPA to propose and promulgate a 
Federal plan for states and tribes that fail to submit approvable plans 
on time, states and tribes may submit plans after promulgation of this 
Federal plan. The EPA strongly encourages states and tribes that are 
unable to submit approvable plans to request delegation of the Federal 
plan so that they can have primary responsibility for implementing the 
2016 MSW Landfills EG, consistent with the intent of Congress.
    The preferred outcome under the statute and the regulations results 
when the state, tribal, and local agencies implement an EPA-approved 
state or tribal plan because state, tribal, and local agencies not only 
have the responsibility to implement the 2016 MSW Landfills EG, but 
also have the practical knowledge and enforcement resources critical to 
achieving the highest rate of compliance. In cases where states are 
unable to develop and submit approvable state or tribal plans, it is 
still preferable for the state, tribal, and local agencies to be the 
implementing agency. For these reasons, the EPA will do all that it can 
to expedite delegation of the Federal plan to state, tribal, and local 
agencies, whenever possible, in cases where states or tribes are unable 
to develop and submit approvable state or tribal plans. The EPA will 
also continue to review and approve state or tribal plans after 
promulgation of this Federal plan.

B. Mechanisms for Transferring Authority

    There are two mechanisms for transferring implementation authority 
to state, tribal, and local agencies: (1) The EPA approves of a state 
plan after the Federal plan is in effect; and (2) if a state does not 
submit or obtain approval of its own plan, the EPA provides delegation 
to a state or tribe with the authority to implement certain portions of 
this Federal plan to the extent appropriate and if allowed by state 
law. Both options are described in more detail below.
1. Federal Plan Becomes Effective Prior to Approval of a State Plan
    After MSW landfills in a state become subject to the Federal plan, 
the state or tribal agency may still adopt and submit a state or tribal 
plan to the EPA. If the EPA determines that the plan is as protective 
as the 2016 MSW Landfills EG, the EPA will approve the state or tribal 
plan. If the EPA determines that the plan is not as protective as the 
2016 MSW Landfills EG, the EPA will approve the portions of the plan 
that are consistent with the 2016 MSW Landfills EG. If a state or 
tribal plan is approved in part, portions of the Federal plan will 
apply to the designated MSW landfills in lieu of the disapproved 
portions of the state or tribal plan until the state or tribe addresses 
the deficiencies in the plan and the revised plan is approved by the 
EPA. Prior to any disapproval, the EPA will work with states and tribes 
in an attempt to reconcile areas of the plan that remain inconsistent 
with the EG.
    Upon the effective date of a state or tribal plan, the Federal plan 
will no longer apply to MSW landfills covered by such a plan and the 
state or tribe would implement and enforce the state plan in lieu of 
the Federal plan. When an EPA Regional office approves a state or 
tribal plan, it will amend the appropriate subpart of 40 CFR part 62 to 
indicate such approval.
2. State or Tribe Taking Delegation of the Federal Plan
    The EPA, in its discretion, may delegate to states or tribes the 
authority to implement this Federal plan. As discussed above, the EPA 
has concluded that it is advantageous and the best use of resources for 
states or tribes to agree to undertake, on the EPA's behalf, 
administrative and substantive roles in implementing the Federal plan 
to the extent appropriate and where authorized by Federal, state, or 
tribal law. If a state or tribe requests delegation, the EPA will 
generally delegate the entire Federal plan to the state or tribe. These 
functions include administration and oversight of compliance, 
reporting, and recordkeeping requirements, MSW landfill inspections, 
and preparation of draft notices of violation, but will not include any 
authorities retained by the EPA. The EPA and agencies that have taken 
delegation will have responsibility for bringing enforcement actions 
against sources violating Federal plan provisions.

C. Implementing Authority

    The EPA Regional Administrators have been delegated the authority 
for implementing the MSW Landfills Federal Plan. All reports required 
by the Federal plan should be submitted to the appropriate Regional 
Administrator. Table 3 of this preamble lists the

[[Page 27766]]

addresses for the EPA Regional offices and the states they cover.

D. Delegation of the Federal Plan and Retained Authorities

    If a state or tribe intends to take delegation of the Federal plan, 
the state or tribe must submit a written request for delegation of 
authority to the appropriate EPA Regional office (see Table 3). The 
state or tribe must explain how it meets the criteria for delegation. 
See, Good Practices Manual for Delegation of NSPS and NESHAP (U.S. EPA, 
February 1983), which is available in the docket for this action. The 
letter requesting delegation of authority to implement the Federal plan 
must: (1) Demonstrate that the state or tribe has adequate resources, 
as well as the legal authority, to administer and enforce the program; 
(2) include an inventory of designated MSW landfills, which includes 
those that have ceased operation, but have not been dismantled or 
rendered inoperable, and an inventory of the designated units' air 
emissions; (3) certify that a public hearing was held on the state or 
tribal delegation request; and (4) include a memorandum of agreement 
between the state or tribe and the EPA that sets forth the terms and 
conditions of the delegation, the effective date of the agreement, and 
the mechanism to transfer authority. Upon signature of the agreement, 
the appropriate EPA Regional office will publish an approval document 
in the Federal Register, thereby incorporating the delegation of 
authority into the appropriate subpart of 40 CFR part 62.
    If authority is not delegated to a state or tribe, the EPA will 
implement the Federal plan. Also, if a state or tribe fails to properly 
implement a delegated portion of the Federal plan, the EPA will assume 
direct implementation and enforcement of that portion. The EPA will 
continue to hold enforcement authority along with the state or tribe 
even when the Agency has received delegation of the Federal plan. In 
all cases where the Federal plan is delegated, the EPA will retain and 
will not transfer authority to a state or tribe to approve the 
following items promulgated in 40 CFR 62.16710(b)): (1) Approval of 
alternative methods to determine the site-specific NMOC concentration 
or a site-specific methane generation rate constant (k); (2) 
alternative emission standards; (3) major alternatives to test methods 
and monitoring; and (4) waivers of recordkeeping. Major alternatives to 
test methods or to monitoring are modifications made to a federally 
enforceable test method or to a Federal monitoring requirement. These 
changes would involve the use of unproven technology or procedures or 
an entirely new method, which is sometimes necessary when the required 
test method or monitoring requirement is unsuitable.
    Any MSW landfill owner or operator who wishes to petition the EPA 
for an alternative requirement to those in 40 CFR 62.16710(b) should 
submit a request to the appropriate Regional Administrator with a copy 
sent to the appropriate state.

VII. Title V Operating Permits

A. Title V Requirements for Existing MSW Landfills

    Existing MSW landfills with design capacities less than 2.5 million 
Mg or 2.5 million m\3\ are not required to have a title V operating 
permit, unless they are a major source or are subject to title V (part 
70 or part 71) for some other reason (e.g., subject to a CAA section 
112 national emission standards for hazardous air pollutants or to 
another CAA section 111 NSPS). All existing MSW landfills with design 
capacities equal to or greater than 2.5 million Mg and 2.5 million m\3\ 
must have a title V operating permit. Existing MSW landfills that are 
not currently subject to title V permitting because their design 
capacity is less than 2.5 million Mg or 2.5 million m\3\ may trigger 
the requirement to apply for a title V permit in the future if the 
landfill's design capacity increases to equal or exceed 2.5 million Mg 
and 2.5 million m\3\. Such sources, newly subject to the requirement to 
obtain a title V permit for operating the MSW landfill at or above the 
2.5 million Mg or 2.5 million m\3\ capacity, become subject to the 
title V program 90 days after the effective date of this Federal plan, 
even if the design capacity report is submitted prior to that date. 
This date that triggers title V applicability is consistent with the 
2016 MSW Landfills EG. The requirements of a Federal plan are 
applicable requirements for title V sources covered by a Federal plan. 
Additional information for filing a timely title V application should 
be obtained at the permitting authority. See 40 CFR 70.5(a)(1)(i) or 
71.5(a)(1)(i).
    An MSW landfill that is closed and is no longer subject to title V 
as a result of this Federal plan may remain subject to title V 
permitting requirements for another reason or reasons. See 40 CFR 
62.16711(e) and 40 CFR 70.3 or 71.3. In such circumstances, the 
landfill would be required to continue operating in compliance with a 
title V permit.

B. Title V and Delegation of Federal Plan

    Issuance of a title V permit is not equivalent to the approval of a 
state or tribal plan or delegation of a Federal plan. Legally, 
delegation of a standard or requirement results in a delegated state or 
tribe standing in for the EPA as a matter of Federal law. This means 
that obligations a source may have to the EPA under a federally 
promulgated standard become obligations to the state or tribal agency 
(except for functions that the EPA retains for itself) upon 
delegation.\4\ Although states or tribes may have the authority under 
their respective laws to incorporate CAA section 111 requirements into 
their title V permits, and implement and enforce these requirements in 
those permits without first taking delegation of the CAA section 111 
Federal plan, the state or tribe is not standing in for the EPA as a 
matter of Federal law in this situation. Where a delegation of a CAA 
section 111 Federal plan is granted to a state or tribal agency, 
obligations that a source has to retain functions under the Federal 
plan still remain after a title V permit is issued to the source. As a 
result, the EPA maintains that an approved 40 CFR part 70 operating 
permits program cannot be used as a mechanism to transfer the authority 
to implement and enforce the Federal plan from the EPA to a state or 
tribe.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \4\ If the Administrator chooses to retain certain authorities 
under a standard, those authorities cannot be delegated, e.g., 
alternative methods of demonstrating compliance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    A state or tribe may have the authority under state or tribal law 
to incorporate CAA section 111 requirements into its title V permits 
and implement and enforce these requirements in that context without 
first taking delegation of the CAA section 111 Federal plan.\5\ Some 
states or tribes, however, may not be able to implement and enforce a 
CAA section 111 standard in a title V permit under state or tribal law 
until the CAA section 111 standard has been delegated. In these 
situations, a state or tribe should not issue a 40 CFR part 70 permit 
to a source subject to a Federal plan before taking delegation of the 
CAA section 111 Federal plan.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \5\ The EPA interprets the phrase ``assure compliance'' in CAA 
section 502(b)(5)(A) to mean that permitting authorities will 
implement and enforce each applicable standard, regulation, or 
requirement which must be included in the title V permits that the 
permitting authority issues. See definition of ``applicable 
requirements'' in 40 CFR 70.2. See also 40 CFR 70.4(b)(3)(i) and 
70.6(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    However, if a state or tribe can provide an attorney general's 
(AG's) opinion delineating its authority to incorporate CAA section 111

[[Page 27767]]

requirements into its title V permits, and then implement and enforce 
these requirements through its title V permits without first taking 
delegation of the requirements, then a state or tribe does not need to 
take delegation of the CAA section 111 requirements for the purposes of 
title V permitting.\6\ In practical terms, without approval of a state 
or tribal plan, or an adequate AG's opinion, states and tribes with 
approved 40 CFR part 70 permitting programs open themselves up to 
potential questions regarding their authority to issue permits 
containing CAA section 111 requirements and to assure compliance with 
these requirements. Such questions could lead to the issuance of a 
notice of deficiency for a state's or tribe's 40 CFR part 70 program. 
As a result, prior to a state or tribal permitting authority drafting a 
40 CFR part 70 permit for a source subject to a CAA section 111 Federal 
plan, the state or tribe, the EPA Regional office, and source in 
question are advised to ensure that delegation of the relevant Federal 
plan has taken place or that the permitting authority has provided to 
the EPA Regional office an adequate AG's opinion.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \6\ It is important to note that an AG's opinion submitted at 
the time of initial title V program approval is sufficient if it 
demonstrates that a state, local authority, territory, or tribe has 
adequate authority to incorporate CAA section 111 requirements into 
its title V permits and to implement and enforce these requirements 
through its title V permits without delegation.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In addition, if a permitting authority chooses to rely on an AG's 
opinion and not take delegation of a Federal plan, a CAA section 111 
source subject to the Federal plan in that state must simultaneously 
submit to both the EPA and the state or tribe all reports required by 
the standard to be submitted to the EPA. Given that these reports are 
necessary to implement and enforce the CAA section 111 requirements 
when they are included in the title V permits, the permitting authority 
needs to receive these reports at the same time as the EPA.
    In the situation where a permitting authority chooses to rely on an 
AG's opinion and not take delegation of a Federal plan, the EPA 
Regional offices will be responsible for implementing and enforcing CAA 
section 111 requirements outside of any title V permits. Moreover, in 
this situation, the EPA Regional offices will continue to be 
responsible for conducting any other administrative functions required 
under this Federal plan or any other CAA section 111 Federal plan. See, 
e.g., section V.B of this preamble titled ``What are the final 
compliance schedules?''
    It is important to note that the EPA is not using its authority 
under 40 CFR 70.4(i)(3) to request that all states and tribes that do 
not take delegation of this Federal plan submit supplemental AG's 
opinions currently. However, the EPA Regional offices must request, and 
permitting authorities must provide, such opinions when the EPA 
questions a state's or tribe's authority to incorporate CAA section 111 
requirements into a title V permit and implement and enforce these 
requirements in that context without delegation.

VIII. Incorporation by Reference

    In accordance with the requirements of 1 CFR 51.5, we are 
finalizing regulatory text in 40 CFR 62.16722(i) that includes the IBR 
of ASTM D6522-11--Standard Test Method for Determination of Nitrogen 
Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, and Oxygen Concentrations in Emissions from 
Natural Gas-Fired Reciprocating Engines, Combustion Turbines, Boilers, 
and Process Heaters Using Portable Analyzers (Approved December 1, 
2011), as an alternative for determining oxygen for wellhead standards 
in 40 CFR 62.16722(a)(2)(ii) and 62.16722(a)(2)(iii)(B). For this test 
method, a gas sample is continuously extracted from a duct and conveyed 
to a portable analyzer for determination of nitrogen oxides, carbon 
monoxide, and oxygen gas concentrations using electrochemical cells. 
Analyzer design specifications, performance specifications, and test 
procedures are provided to ensure reliable data. This method is an 
alternative to EPA methods and is consistent with the methods already 
allowed under the MSW Landfills NSPS (40 CFR part 60, subpart XXX) and 
MSW Landfills EG (40 CFR part 60, subpart Cf). The ASTM standard is 
available from the ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, Post Office Box C700, 
West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. See http://www.astm.org. This IBR has 
been approved by the Office of the Federal Register and the method is 
federally enforceable under the CAA as of the effective date of this 
final rulemaking.

IX. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews

    Additional information about these statutes and Executive Orders 
can be found at https://www.epa.gov/laws-regulations/laws-and-executive-orders.

A. Executive Order 12866: Regulatory Planning and Review and Executive 
Order 13563: Improving Regulation and Regulatory Review

    This action is not a significant regulatory action and was, 
therefore, not submitted to the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) 
for review.

B. Paperwork Reduction Act (PRA)

    This action does not impose any new information collection burden 
under the PRA. OMB previously reviewed and approved the information 
collection activities contained in the 2016 MSW Landfills EG and 
assigned OMB control number 2060-0720. This action simply establishes 
the MSW Landfills Federal Plan to implement the 2016 MSW Landfills EG 
for those states that do not have a state plan implementing the EG and, 
therefore, the information collection burden for landfills regulated 
under this Federal Plan are already accounted for within the 
information collection activities approved under OMB control number 
2060-0720.

C. Regulatory Flexibility Act (RFA)

    I certify that this action will not have a significant economic 
impact on a substantial number of small entities under the RFA. The 
small entities subject to the requirements of this action are small MSW 
landfills. The Agency has determined that up to 15 small entities, 
representing approximately 13 percent of the total number of small 
entities subject to the Federal plan, may experience an impact of 
greater than 3 percent of sales or revenues. Details of this analysis 
are presented in the memorandum, Small Entity Screening Assessment for 
Proposed Federal Plan for Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for 
Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, which is available in the docket for 
this action. Although Oklahoma submitted corrections to the inventory 
of MSW landfills during the comment period, the changes were not 
expected to significantly affect the small entity screening assessment; 
therefore, a new analysis was not performed. More details of the 
general economic analysis of the EG, which this action implements, are 
available in the docket for the 2016 MSW Landfills EG (Docket ID Item 
No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2014-0451-0225).
    As explained in the preamble to the proposed rule (84 FR 43755, 
August 22, 2019), more details about outreach to small businesses 
conducted during the development of the 2016 MSW Landfills EG, which 
this action implements, are

[[Page 27768]]

available in Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2014-0451.

D. Unfunded Mandates Reform Act (UMRA)

    This action does not contain any unfunded mandate as described in 
UMRA, 2 U.S.C. 1531-1538. This action implements mandates specifically 
and explicitly set forth in 40 CFR 60.27 without the exercise of any 
policy discretion by the EPA.
    We note, however, that the EG may affect small governments because 
small governments operate MSW landfills (80 FR 52146, August 27, 2015). 
This action implements the promulgated EG. In developing the final 2016 
MSW Landfills EG, the EPA consulted with small governments pursuant to 
a plan established under section 203 of the UMRA to address impacts of 
regulatory requirements in the rule that might significantly or 
uniquely affect small governments. The EPA also held meetings as 
discussed in section IX.F of this preamble.

E. Executive Order 13132: Federalism

    The EPA has concluded that this action may have federalism 
implications, because the rule imposes substantial direct compliance 
costs on state or local governments, and the Federal government will 
not provide the funds necessary to pay those costs. The EPA provided a 
federalism summary impact statement for the 2016 MSW Landfills EG, as 
follows: The EPA consulted with state and local officials early in the 
process of developing the 2016 MSW Landfills EG to permit them to have 
meaningful and timely input into its development. In developing the 
regulatory options reflected in the proposed and final 2016 MSW 
Landfills EG, the EPA consulted with eight national organizations 
representing state and local elected officials. Additionally, the 
Environmental Council of the States, the National Association of Clean 
Air Agencies, and the Association of State and Territorial Solid Waste 
Management Officials participated in preproposal briefings. Finally, in 
addition to these associations, over 140 officials representing state 
and local governments across the nation participated in at least one of 
three preproposal briefings in the fall of 2013 (September 10, 2013, 
November 7, 2013, and November 14, 2013), which is summarized in the 
docket for the 2016 MSW Landfills EG (Docket ID Item No. EPA-HQ-OAR-
2014-0451-0013). The EPA received comments on the 2016 MSW Landfills EG 
from over 40 entities representing state and local governments. The EPA 
conducted an additional federalism outreach meeting on April 15, 2015.
    The principal intergovernmental concerns raised during the 
preproposal consultations, as well as during the proposed rule's public 
comment period, include: (1) Implementation concerns associated with 
shortening of GCCS installation and/or expansion timeframes; (2) 
concerns regarding significant lowering of the design capacity or 
emission thresholds; (3) the need for clarifications associated with 
wellhead operating parameters; and (4) the need for consistent, clear, 
and rigorous surface monitoring requirements. In response to these 
comments and based upon the available data, the EPA decided not to 
adjust the design capacity or significantly lower the emission 
threshold. The EPA also decided not to adjust the time allotted for 
installation of the GCCS or expansion of the wellfield. In the proposed 
MSW Landfills EG (80 FR 52121, August 27, 2015), the EPA highlighted 
specific concerns raised by commenters, which included state agencies 
as well as landfill owners or operators, about the interaction between 
shortened lag times and design plan approvals, costs, and safety 
concerns associated with reduced lag times and the need for flexibility 
for lag time adjustments. The EPA adjusted wellhead operating 
parameters to limit corrective action requirements to negative pressure 
and temperature. The EPA also acknowledged concerns about wellhead 
operating parameters in 80 FR 52121 (August 27, 2015) and considered 
public comments in favor of and against retention of the parameters.
    A complete list of the comments from state and local governments 
was provided to OMB and was placed in the 2016 MSW Landfills EG Docket 
(Final Report of the Small Business Advocacy Review Panel on EPA's 
Planned Proposed Rules Standards of Performance for Municipal Solid 
Waste Landfills and Review of Emissions Guidelines for Municipal Solid 
Waste Landfills, Docket ID Item No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2014-0451-0139). In 
addition, the detailed response to comments from these entities is 
contained in the EPA's Response to Comments document for the 2016 MSW 
Landfills EG (Docket ID Item No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2014-0451-0229). As 
required by section 8(a) of Executive Order 13132, the EPA included a 
certification from its Federalism official stating that the EPA had met 
the Executive Order's requirements in a meaningful and timely manner 
when it sent the draft of the 2016 MSW Landfills EG to OMB for review 
pursuant to Executive Order 12866. A copy of the certification is 
included in the record for the 2016 MSW Landfills EG (Outreach under 
Executive Order 13132 for MSW Landfills, Docket ID Item Nos. EPA-HQ-
OAR-2014-0451-0013 and EPA-HQ-OAR-2014-0451-0100).

F. Executive Order 13175: Consultation and Coordination With Indian 
Tribal Governments

    This action has tribal implications as specified in Executive Order 
13175. However, it will neither impose substantial direct compliance 
costs on federally recognized tribal governments nor preempt tribal 
law. The database used to estimate impacts of the 2016 MSW Landfills 
EG, identified one tribe, the Salt River Pima-Maricopa Indian 
Community, which owns three landfills potentially subject to this 
Federal plan. One of these landfills is open, the Salt River Landfill, 
and is already controlling emissions under the current NSPS/EG 
framework, so while subject to this subpart, the costs of this rule are 
not substantial. Two other landfills located in this tribe are closed 
and anticipated to meet the definition of the closed landfill 
subcategory. One of the closed landfills, the Tri Cities Landfill, is 
already controlling emissions under the current NSPS/EG framework and 
will not incur substantial additional compliance costs under the 
Federal plan. The other landfill, North Center Street Landfill, is not 
estimated to install controls under the Federal plan. The EPA offered 
consultation and coordination with Indian tribes on this action to 
permit them to have meaningful and timely input into its development. 
However, no consultation was requested.

G. Executive Order 13045: Protection of Children From Environmental 
Health Risks and Safety Risks

    The EPA interprets Executive Order 13045 as applying only to those 
regulatory actions that concern environmental health or safety risks 
that the EPA has reason to believe may disproportionately affect 
children, per the definition of ``covered regulatory action'' in 
section 2-202 of the Executive Order. This action is not subject to 
Executive Order 13045 because it implements a previously promulgated 
Federal standard.

H. Executive Order 13211: Actions Concerning Regulations That 
Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use

    This action is not subject to Executive Order 13211 because it is 
not a

[[Page 27769]]

significant regulatory action under Executive Order 12866.

I. National Technology Transfer and Advancement Act (NTTAA) and 1 CFR 
Part 51

    This action involves technical standards. The EPA has decided to 
use voluntary consensus standard ASTM D6522-11, ``Standard Test Method 
for the Determination of Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, and Oxygen 
Concentrations in Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Reciprocating 
Engines, Combustion Turbines, Boilers, and Process Heaters Using 
Portable Analyzers,'' as an acceptable alternative to EPA Method 3A of 
appendix A-2 of part 60 when used at the wellhead before combustion. It 
is advisable to know the flammability and check the lower explosive 
limit of the flue gas constituents prior to sampling, in order to avoid 
undesired ignition of the gas. The results of ASTM D6522-11 may be used 
to determine nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide emission 
concentrations from natural gas combustion at stationary sources. This 
test method may also be used to monitor emissions during short-term 
emission tests or periodically in order to optimize process operation 
for nitrogen oxides and carbon monoxide control. The EPA's review is 
documented in the memorandum, Voluntary Consensus Standard Results for 
Emission Guidelines and Compliance Times for Municipal Solid Waste 
Landfills, 2016, which is available in the docket for the 2016 MSW 
Landfills EG (Docket ID Item No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2014-0451-0206). In this 
rule, the EPA is finalizing regulatory text for 40 CFR part 62, subpart 
OOO, that includes IBR in accordance with requirements of 1 CFR 51.5. 
Specifically, the EPA is incorporating by reference ASTM D6522-11. See 
section VIII. of this preamble for information on the availability of 
this material.

J. Executive Order 12898: Federal Actions To Address Environmental 
Justice in Minority Populations and Low-Income Populations

    The EPA believes that this action does not have disproportionately 
high and adverse human health or environmental effects on minority 
populations, low-income populations, and/or indigenous peoples, as 
specified in Executive Order 12898 (59 FR 7629, February 16, 1994). The 
EPA has determined that this action increases the level of 
environmental protection for all affected populations without having 
any disproportionately high and adverse human health or environmental 
effects on any population, including any minority, low-income, or 
indigenous populations. To the extent that any minority, low-income, or 
indigenous subpopulation is disproportionately impacted by LFG 
emissions due to the proximity of their homes to sources of these 
emissions, that subpopulation also stands to see increased 
environmental and health benefit from the emission reductions called 
for by this action. The results of the demographic analysis are 
presented in the EJ Screening Report for Municipal Solid Waste 
Landfills, July 2016, a copy of which is available in the 2016 MSW 
Landfills EG Docket (Docket ID Item No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2014-0451-0223).

K. Congressional Review Act (CRA)

    This action is subject to the CRA and the EPA will submit a rule 
report to each House of the Congress and to the Comptroller General of 
the United States. This action is not a ``major rule'' as defined by 5 
U.S.C. 804(2).

L. Clean Air Act Section 307(d)

    This final rule is subject to the provisions of CAA section 307(d). 
CAA section 307(d)(1)(C) provides that CAA section 307(d) applies to, 
among other things, ``the promulgation or revision of any standard of 
performance under section 7411 of this title.'' 42 U.S.C. 
7407(d)(1)(C). This final rule promulgates a Federal plan, which 
includes promulgation of a standard of performance, pursuant to the 
authority of CAA section 111(d). The Agency has complied with 
procedural requirements of CAA section 307(d) during the course of this 
rulemaking.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 62

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedures, 
Air pollution control, Incorporation by reference, Intergovernmental 
relations, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Michael S. Regan,
Administrator.
    For the reasons set forth in the preamble, the Environmental 
Protection Agency amends 40 CFR part 62 as follows:

PART 62--APPROVAL AND PROMULGATION OF STATE PLANS FOR DESIGNATED 
FACILITIES AND POLLUTANTS

0
1. The authority citation for part 62 continues to read as follows:

    Authority: 42 U.S.C. 7401 et seq.

Subpart A--General Provisions

0
2. Section 62.13 is amended by:
0
a. Revising paragraph (b); and
0
b. Adding paragraphs (f) through (j).
    The revisions and additions read as follows:


Sec.  62.13  Federal plans.

* * * * *
    (b) The substantive requirements of the municipal solid waste 
landfills Federal plan that implements 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc of 
this chapter, are contained in subpart GGG of this part. These 
requirements include emission limits, compliance schedules, testing, 
monitoring, and reporting and recordkeeping requirements. After June 
21, 2021, per paragraph (j) of this section, the substantive 
requirements of the municipal solid waste landfills Federal plan are 
contained in subpart OOO of this part and owners and operators of 
municipal solid waste landfills must comply with subpart OOO of this 
part or a state/tribal plan implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cf of 
this chapter, instead of subpart GGG of this part.
* * * * *
    (f) [Reserved]
    (g) The substantive requirements of the sewage sludge incineration 
units Federal plan are contained in subpart LLL of this part. These 
requirements include emission limits, compliance schedules, testing, 
monitoring, and reporting and recordkeeping requirements.
    (h) [Reserved]
    (i) [Reserved]
    (j) The substantive requirements of the municipal solid waste 
landfills Federal plan that implements 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cf of 
this chapter, are contained in subpart OOO of this part. These 
requirements include emission limits, compliance schedules, testing, 
monitoring, and reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

0
3. Amend Sec.  62.1115 by adding paragraph (b)(2) to read as follows:

Subpart F--California


Sec.  62.1115  Identification of sources.

* * * * *
    (b) * * *
    (2) The requirements of Sec. Sec.  60.34f(c), 60.36f(a)(5), 
60.37f(a)(2) and (3), 60.38f(k), and 60.39f(e)(2) and (5) of this 
chapter are not met since the plan does not provide for wellhead 
operational standards, wellhead monitoring, corrective action and 
recordkeeping related to temperature. Municipal solid waste landfills 
subject to the plan in Sec.  62.1100(b)(7) must also implement the 
provisions of Sec. Sec.  62.16716(c),

[[Page 27770]]

62.16720(a)(4), 62.16722(a)(2) and (3), 62.16724(k), and 62.16726(e)(2) 
and (5).
* * * * *

0
4. Part 62 is amended by adding subpart OOO, consisting of Sec. Sec.  
62.16710 through 62.16730, to read as follows:

Subpart OOO--Federal Plan Requirements for Municipal Solid Waste 
Landfills That Commenced Construction On or Before July 17, 2014 
and Have Not Been Modified or Reconstructed Since July 17, 2014


Sec
62.16710 Scope and delegated authorities.
62.16711 Designated facilities.
62.16712 Compliance schedule and increments of progress.
62.16714 Standards for municipal solid waste landfill emissions.
62.16716 Operational standards for collection and control systems.
62.16718 Test methods and procedures.
62.16720 Compliance provisions.
62.16722 Monitoring of operations.
62.16724 Reporting guidelines.
62.16726 Recordkeeping guidelines.
62.16728 Specifications for active collection systems.
62.16730 Definitions.


Sec.  62.16710  Scope and delegated authorities.

    This subpart establishes emission control requirements and 
compliance schedules for the control of designated pollutants from 
certain designated municipal solid waste (MSW) landfills in accordance 
with section 111(d) of the Clean Air Act and subpart B of 40 CFR part 
60.
    (a) If you own or operate a designated facility as described in 
Sec.  62.16711, then you must comply with this subpart.
    (b) The following authorities will not be delegated to state, 
local, or tribal agencies:
    (1) Approval of alternative methods to determine the site-specific 
nonmethane organic compounds (NMOC) concentration or a site-specific 
methane generation rate constant (k).
    (2) Alternative emission standards.
    (3) Major alternatives to test methods. Major alternatives to test 
methods or to monitoring are modifications made to a federally 
enforceable test method or to a Federal monitoring requirement. These 
changes may involve the use of unproven technology or modified 
procedures or an entirely new method.
    (4) Waivers of recordkeeping.


Sec.  62.16711  Designated facilities.

    (a) The designated facility to which this subpart applies is each 
municipal solid waste landfill in each state, protectorate, and portion 
of Indian country that meets the conditions of paragraphs (a)(1) and 
(2) of this section, except for landfills exempted by paragraphs (b) 
and (c) of this section.
    (1) The municipal solid waste landfill commenced construction, 
reconstruction, or modification on or before July 17, 2014.
    (2) The municipal solid waste landfill has accepted waste at any 
time since November 8, 1987, or the landfill has additional capacity 
for future waste deposition.
    (b) A municipal solid waste landfill regulated by an EPA-approved 
and currently effective state or tribal plan implementing 40 CFR 60, 
subpart Cf, is not subject to the requirements of this subpart.
    (c) A municipal solid waste landfill located in a state, locality, 
or portion of Indian country that submitted a negative declaration 
letter is not subject to the requirements of this subpart other than 
the requirements in the definition of design capacity in Sec.  62.16730 
to recalculate the site-specific density annually and in Sec.  
62.16724(b) to submit an amended design capacity report in the event 
that the recalculated design capacity is equal to or greater than 2.5 
million megagrams and 2.5 million cubic meters. However, if the 
existing municipal solid waste landfill already has a design capacity 
equal to or greater than 2.5 million megagrams and 2.5 million cubic 
meters, then it is subject to the requirements of this Federal plan.
    (d) Physical or operational changes made to an existing MSW 
landfill solely to comply with an emission guideline implemented by a 
state or Federal plan are not considered a modification or 
reconstruction and would not subject an existing MSW landfill to the 
requirements of 40 CFR 60, subpart XXX. Landfills that commence 
construction, modification, or reconstruction after July 17, 2014, are 
subject to 40 CFR part 60, subpart XXX.
    (e) For purposes of obtaining an operating permit under title V of 
the Clean Air Act, the owner or operator of an MSW landfill subject to 
this subpart with a design capacity less than 2.5 million megagrams or 
2.5 million cubic meters is not subject to the requirement to obtain an 
operating permit for the landfill under 40 CFR part 70 or 71, unless 
the landfill is otherwise subject to either 40 CFR part 70 or 71. For 
purposes of submitting a timely application for an operating permit 
under 40 CFR part 70 or 71, the owner or operator of an MSW landfill 
subject to this subpart with a design capacity greater than or equal to 
2.5 million megagrams and 2.5 million cubic meters, and not otherwise 
subject to either 40 CFR part 70 or 71, becomes subject to the 
requirements of Sec.  70.5(a)(1)(i) or 71.5(a)(1)(i) of this chapter 90 
days after the effective date of such CAA section 111(d) program 
approval, even if the design capacity report is submitted earlier.
    (f) When an MSW landfill subject to this subpart is closed as 
defined in this subpart, the owner or operator is no longer subject to 
the requirement to maintain an operating permit under 40 CFR part 70 or 
71 for the landfill if the landfill is not otherwise subject to the 
requirements of either 40 CFR part 70 or 71 and if either of the 
following conditions are met:
    (1) The landfill was never subject to the requirement to install 
and operate a gas collection and control system under Sec.  62.16714; 
or
    (2) The landfill meets the conditions for control system removal 
specified in Sec.  62.16714(f).
    (g) When an MSW landfill subject to this subpart is in the closed 
landfill subcategory, the owner or operator is not subject to the 
following reports of this subpart, provided the owner or operator 
submitted these reports under the provisions of 40 CFR part 60, subpart 
WWW; subpart GGG of this part; or a state plan implementing 40 CFR part 
60, subpart Cc, on or before July 17, 2014:
    (1) Initial design capacity report specified in Sec.  62.16724(a).
    (2) Initial or subsequent NMOC emission rate report specified in 
Sec.  62.16724(c), provided that the most recent NMOC emission rate 
report indicated the NMOC emissions were below 50 megagrams per year.
    (3) Collection and control system design plan specified in Sec.  
62.16724(d).
    (4) Closure report specified in Sec.  62.16724(f).
    (5) Equipment removal report specified in Sec.  62.16724(g).
    (6) Initial annual report specified in Sec.  62.16724(h).
    (7) Initial performance test report in Sec.  62.16724(i).
    (h) When an MSW landfill subject to this subpart is a legacy 
controlled landfill, as defined in Sec.  62.16730, the owner or 
operator is not subject to the following reports of this subpart, 
provided the owner or operator submitted these reports under 40 CFR 
part 60, subpart WWW; subpart GGG of this part; or a state plan 
implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc on or before June 21, 2021.
    (1) Initial design capacity report specified in Sec.  62.16724(a).
    (2) Initial or subsequent NMOC emission rate report specified in 
Sec.  62.16724(c).

[[Page 27771]]

    (3) Collection and control system design plan specified in Sec.  
62.16724(d).
    (5) Initial annual report specified in Sec.  62.16724(h).
    (4) Initial performance test report in Sec.  62.16724(i).


Sec.  62.16712  Compliance schedule and increments of progress.

    Planning, awarding of contracts, installing, and starting up MSW 
landfill air emission collection and control equipment that is capable 
of meeting the emission standards of Sec.  62.16714 must be completed 
within 30 months after the date an NMOC emission rate report shows NMOC 
emissions equal or exceed 34 megagrams per year; or within 30 months 
after the date of the most recent NMOC emission rate report that shows 
NMOC emissions equal or exceed 34 megagrams per year, if Tier 4 surface 
emissions monitoring (SEM) shows a surface emission concentration of 
500 parts per million methane or greater. Legacy controlled landfills 
who have not yet reached increment 5 (full compliance) must demonstrate 
compliance with any remaining increments of progress on this schedule. 
However, they must use the date of their first report submitted under 
40 CFR part 60, subpart WWW, 40 CFR part 62, subpart GGG or a state 
plan implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc showing NMOC emissions at 
or above 50 megagrams. The owner or operator must follow the 
requirements in paragraphs (a) through (d) of this section.
    (a) Increments of progress. The owner or operator of a designated 
facility that has a design capacity equal to or greater than 2.5 
million megagrams and 2.5 million cubic meters and a NMOC emission rate 
greater than or equal to 34 megagrams per year must achieve the 
increments of progress specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of 
this section to install air pollution control devices to meet the 
emission standards specified in Sec.  62.16714(b) and (c) of this 
subpart. Refer to Sec.  62.16730 for a definition of each increment of 
progress.
    (1) Submit control plan. Submit a final control plan (collection 
and control system design plan) according to the requirements of Sec.  
62.16724(d).
    (2) Award contract(s). Award contract(s) to initiate on-site 
construction or initiate on-site installation of emission collection 
and/or control equipment.
    (3) Initiate on-site construction. Initiate on-site construction or 
initiate on-site installation of emission collection and/or control 
equipment as described in the EPA-approved final control plan.
    (4) Complete on-site construction. Complete on-site construction 
and installation of emission collection and/or control equipment.
    (5) Achieve final compliance. Complete construction in accordance 
with the design specified in the EPA-approved final control plan and 
connect the landfill gas collection system and air pollution control 
equipment such that they are fully operating. The initial performance 
test must be conducted within 180 days after the date the facility is 
required to achieve final compliance. For a legacy controlled landfill, 
the initial or most recent performance test conducted to comply with 40 
CFR part 60, subpart WWW, subpart GGG of this part, or a state plan 
implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc is sufficient for compliance 
with this part. The test report does not have to be resubmitted.
    (b) Compliance date. For each designated facility that has a design 
capacity equal to or greater than 2.5 million megagrams and 2.5 million 
cubic meters and a NMOC emission rate greater than or equal to 34 
megagrams per year (50 megagrams per year for closed landfill 
subcategory), planning, awarding of contracts, and installation of 
municipal solid waste landfill air emission collection and control 
equipment capable of meeting the standards in Sec.  62.16714(b) and (c) 
must be accomplished within 30 months after the date the initial 
emission rate report (or the annual emission rate report) first shows 
that the NMOC emission rate equals or exceeds 34 megagrams per year (50 
megagrams per year for closed landfill subcategory), except as provided 
in Sec.  62.16712(c)(3).
    (c) Compliance schedules. The owner or operator of a designated 
facility that has a design capacity equal to or greater than 2.5 
million megagrams and 2.5 million cubic meters and a NMOC emission rate 
greater than or equal to 34 megagrams per year (50 megagrams per year 
for closed landfill subcategory) must achieve the increments of 
progress specified in paragraphs (a)(1) through (5) of this section 
according to the schedule specified in paragraph (c)(1), (2), or (3) of 
this section.
    (1) Achieving Increments of Progress. The owner or operator of a 
designated facility must achieve the increments of progress according 
to the schedule in table 1 of this subpart. Once this subpart becomes 
effective, any designated facility to which this subpart applies will 
remain subject to the schedule in table 1 if a subsequently approved 
state or tribal plan contains a less stringent schedule, (i.e., a 
schedule that provides more time to comply with increments 1, 4 and/or 
5 than does this Federal plan).
    (2) Tier 4. The owner or operator of a designated facility that is 
using the Tier 4 procedures specified in Sec.  62.16718(a)(6) must 
achieve the increments of progress according to the schedule in table 1 
of this subpart.
    (d) Alternative dates. For designated facilities that are subject 
to the schedule requirements of paragraph (c)(1) of this section, the 
owner or operator (or the state or tribal air pollution control 
authority) may submit to the appropriate EPA Regional Office for 
approval alternative dates for achieving increments 2 and 3.


Sec.  62.16714  Standards for municipal solid waste landfill emissions.

    (a) Landfills. Each owner or operator of an MSW landfill having a 
design capacity greater than or equal to 2.5 million megagrams by mass 
and 2.5 million cubic meters by volume must collect and control MSW 
landfill emissions at each MSW landfill that meets the following 
conditions:
    (1) Waste acceptance date. The landfill has accepted waste at any 
time since November 8, 1987, or has additional design capacity 
available for future waste deposition.
    (2) Construction commencement date. The landfill commenced 
construction, reconstruction, or modification on or before July 17, 
2014.
    (3) NMOC emission rate. The landfill has an NMOC emission rate 
greater than or equal to 34 megagrams per year or Tier 4 SEM shows a 
surface emission concentration of 500 parts per million methane or 
greater.
    (4) Closed subcategory. The landfill in the closed landfill 
subcategory and has an NMOC emission rate greater than or equal to 50 
megagrams per year.
    (b) Collection system. Install a gas collection and control system 
meeting the requirements in paragraphs (b)(1) through (3) and (c) of 
this section at each MSW landfill meeting the conditions in paragraph 
(a) of this section.
    (1) Collection system. Install and start up a collection and 
control system that captures the gas generated within the landfill 
within 30 months after:
    (i) The first annual report in which the NMOC emission rate equals 
or exceeds 34 megagrams per year, unless Tier 2 or Tier 3 sampling 
demonstrates that the NMOC emission rate is less than 34 megagrams per 
year, as specified in Sec.  62.16724(d)(4), or
    (ii) The first annual report in which the NMOC emission rate equals 
or exceeds 50 megagrams per year submitted under previously applicable

[[Page 27772]]

regulations 40 CFR part 60, subpart WWW, 40 CFR part 62, subpart GGG, 
or a state plan implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc for a legacy 
controlled landfill or landfill in the closed landfill subcategory, or
    (iii) The most recent NMOC emission rate report in which the NMOC 
emission rate equals or exceeds 34 megagrams per year based on Tier 2, 
if the Tier 4 SEM shows a surface methane emission concentration of 500 
parts per million methane or greater as specified in Sec.  62.16724 
(d)(4)(iii).
    (2) Active. An active collection system must:
    (i) Be designed to handle the maximum expected gas flow rate from 
the entire area of the landfill that warrants control over the intended 
use period of the gas control system equipment.
    (ii) Collect gas from each area, cell, or group of cells in the 
landfill in which the initial solid waste has been placed for a period 
of 5 years or more if active; or 2 years or more if closed or at final 
grade.
    (iii) Collect gas at a sufficient extraction rate.
    (iv) Be designed to minimize off-site migration of subsurface gas.
    (3) Passive. A passive collection system must:
    (i) Comply with the provisions specified in paragraphs (b)(2)(i), 
(ii), and (iv) of this section.
    (ii) Be installed with liners on the bottom and all sides in all 
areas in which gas is to be collected. The liners must be installed as 
required under 40 CFR 258.40.
    (c) Control system. Control the gas collected from within the 
landfill through the use of control devices meeting the following 
requirements, except as provided in 40 CFR 60.24.
    (1) A non-enclosed flare designed and operated in accordance with 
the parameters established in 40 CFR 60.18 except as noted in Sec.  
62.16722(d); or
    (2) A control system designed and operated to reduce NMOC by 98 
weight percent; or when an enclosed combustion device is used for 
control, to either reduce NMOC by 98 weight percent or reduce the 
outlet NMOC concentration to less than 20 parts-per-million by volume, 
dry basis as hexane at 3-percent oxygen or less. The reduction 
efficiency or concentration in parts-per-million by volume must be 
established by an initial performance test to be completed no later 
than 180 days after the initial startup of the approved control system 
using the test methods specified in Sec.  62.16718(d). The performance 
test is not required for boilers and process heaters with design heat 
input capacities equal to or greater than 44 megawatts that burn 
landfill gas for compliance with this subpart.
    (i) If a boiler or process heater is used as the control device, 
the landfill gas stream must be introduced into the flame zone.
    (ii) The control device must be operated within the parameter 
ranges established during the initial or most recent performance test. 
The operating parameters to be monitored are specified in Sec.  
62.16722.
    (iii) Legacy controlled landfills or landfills in the closed 
landfill subcategory that have already installed control systems and 
completed initial or subsequent performance tests may comply with this 
subpart using the initial or most recent performance test conducted to 
comply with 40 CFR part 60, subpart WWW; subpart GGG of this part; or a 
state plan implementing subpart Cc of part 60, is sufficient for 
compliance with this subpart.
    (3) Route the collected gas to a treatment system that processes 
the collected gas for subsequent sale or beneficial use such as fuel 
for combustion, production of vehicle fuel, production of high-Btu gas 
for pipeline injection, or use as a raw material in a chemical 
manufacturing process. Venting of treated landfill gas to the ambient 
air is not allowed. If the treated landfill gas cannot be routed for 
subsequent sale or beneficial use, then the treated landfill gas must 
be controlled according to either paragraph (c)(1) or (2) of this 
section.
    (4) All emissions from any atmospheric vent from the gas treatment 
system are subject to the requirements of paragraph (b) or (c) of this 
section. For purposes of this subpart, atmospheric vents located on the 
condensate storage tank are not part of the treatment system and are 
exempt from the requirements of paragraph (b) or (c) of this section.
    (d) Design capacity. Each owner or operator of an MSW landfill 
having a design capacity less than 2.5 million megagrams by mass or 2.5 
million cubic meters by volume must submit an initial design capacity 
report to the Administrator as provided in Sec.  62.16724(a). The 
landfill may calculate design capacity in either megagrams or cubic 
meters for comparison with the exemption values. Any density 
conversions must be documented and submitted with the report. Submittal 
of the initial design capacity report fulfills the requirements of this 
subpart except as provided in paragraphs (d)(1) and (2) of this 
section.
    (1) The owner or operator must submit an amended design capacity 
report as provided in Sec.  62.16724(b).
    (2) When an increase in the maximum design capacity of a landfill 
with an initial design capacity less than 2.5 million megagrams or 2.5 
million cubic meters results in a revised maximum design capacity equal 
to or greater than 2.5 million megagrams and 2.5 million cubic meters, 
the owner or operator must comply with paragraph (e) of this section.
    (e) Emissions. The owner or operator of an MSW landfill having a 
design capacity equal to or greater than 2.5 million megagrams and 2.5 
million cubic meters must either install a collection and control 
system as provided in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section or 
calculate an initial NMOC emission rate for the landfill using the 
procedures specified in Sec.  62.16718(a). The NMOC emission rate must 
be recalculated annually, except as provided in Sec.  62.16724(c)(3).
    (1) If the calculated NMOC emission rate is less than 34 megagrams 
per year, the owner or operator must:
    (i) Submit an annual NMOC emission rate report according to Sec.  
62.16724(c), except as provided in Sec.  62.16724(c)(3); and
    (ii) Recalculate the NMOC emission rate annually using the 
procedures specified in Sec.  62.16724(a) until such time as the 
calculated NMOC emission rate is equal to or greater than 34 megagrams 
per year, or the landfill is closed.
    (A) If the calculated NMOC emission rate, upon initial calculation 
or annual recalculation required in paragraph (e)(1)(ii) of this 
section, is equal to or greater than 34 megagrams per year, the owner 
or operator must either: Comply with paragraphs (b) and (c) of this 
section; calculate NMOC emissions using the next higher tier in Sec.  
62.16718; or conduct a surface emission monitoring demonstration using 
the procedures specified in Sec.  62.16718(a)(6).
    (B) If the landfill is permanently closed, a closure report must be 
submitted to the Administrator as provided in Sec.  62.16724(f), except 
for exemption allowed under Sec.  62.16711(g)(4).
    (2) If the calculated NMOC emission rate is equal to or greater 
than 34 megagrams per year using Tier 1, 2, or 3 procedures, the owner 
or operator must either: Submit a collection and control system design 
plan prepared by a professional engineer to the Administrator within 1 
year as specified in Sec.  62.16724(d), except for exemptions allowed 
under Sec.  62.16711(g)(3); calculate NMOC emissions using a

[[Page 27773]]

higher tier in Sec.  62.16718; or conduct a surface emission monitoring 
demonstration using the procedures specified in Sec.  62.16718(a)(6).
    (3) For the closed landfill subcategory, if the calculated NMOC 
emission rate submitted under previously applicable regulations 40 CFR 
part 60, subpart WWW; 40 CFR part 62, subpart GGG; or a state plan 
implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc is equal to or greater than 50 
megagrams per year using Tier 1, 2, or 3 procedures, the owner or 
operator must either: submit a collection and control system design 
plan as specified in Sec.  62.16724(d), except for exemptions allowed 
under Sec.  62.16711(g)(3); or calculate NMOC emissions using a higher 
tier in Sec.  62.16718.
    (f) Removal criteria. The collection and control system may be 
capped, removed, or decommissioned if the following criteria are met:
    (1) The landfill is a closed landfill (as defined in Sec.  
62.16730). A closure report must be submitted to the Administrator as 
provided in Sec.  62.16724(f).
    (2) The collection and control system has been in operation a 
minimum of 15 years or the landfill owner or operator demonstrates that 
the gas collection and control system will be unable to operate for 15 
years due to declining gas flow.
    (3) Following the procedures specified in Sec.  62.16718(b), the 
calculated NMOC emission rate at the landfill is less than 34 megagrams 
per year on three successive test dates. The test dates must be no less 
than 90 days apart, and no more than 180 days apart.
    (4) For the closed landfill subcategory (as defined in Sec.  
62.16730), following the procedures specified in Sec.  62.16718(b), the 
calculated NMOC emission rate at the landfill is less than 50 megagrams 
per year on three successive test dates. The test dates must be no less 
than 90 days apart, and no more than 180 days apart.


Sec.  62.16716  Operational standards for collection and control 
systems.

    Each owner or operator must comply with the provisions for the 
operational standards in this section (as well as the provisions in 
Sec. Sec.  62.16720 and 62.16722), or the operational standards in 
Sec.  63.1958 of this chapter (as well as the provisions in Sec. Sec.  
63.1960 and 63.1961 of this chapter), or both as alternative means of 
compliance, for an MSW landfill with a gas collection and control 
system used to comply with the provisions of Sec.  62.16714(b) and (c). 
Once the owner or operator begins to comply with the provisions of 
Sec.  63.1958 of this chapter, the owner or operator must continue to 
operate the collection and control device according to those provisions 
and cannot return to the provisions of this section. Each owner or 
operator of an MSW landfill with a gas collection and control system 
used to comply with the provisions of Sec.  62.16714(b) and (c) must:
    (a) Operate the collection system such that gas is collected from 
each area, cell, or group of cells in the MSW landfill in which solid 
waste has been in place for:
    (1) 5 years or more if active; or
    (2) 2 years or more if closed or at final grade;
    (b) Operate the collection system with negative pressure at each 
wellhead except under the following conditions:
    (1) A fire or increased well temperature. The owner or operator 
must record instances when positive pressure occurs in efforts to avoid 
a fire. These records must be submitted with the annual reports as 
provided in Sec.  62.16724(h)(1);
    (2) Use of a geomembrane or synthetic cover. The owner or operator 
must develop acceptable pressure limits in the design plan;
    (3) A decommissioned well. A well may experience a static positive 
pressure after shut down to accommodate for declining flows. All design 
changes must be approved by the Administrator as specified in Sec.  
62.16724(d);
    (c) Operate each interior wellhead in the collection system with a 
landfill gas temperature less than 55 degrees Celsius (131 degrees 
Fahrenheit). The owner or operator may establish a higher operating 
temperature value at a particular well. A higher operating value 
demonstration must be submitted to the Administrator for approval and 
must include supporting data demonstrating that the elevated parameter 
neither causes fires nor significantly inhibits anaerobic decomposition 
by killing methanogens. The demonstration must satisfy both criteria in 
order to be approved (i.e., neither causing fires nor killing 
methanogens is acceptable).
    (d) Operate the collection system so that the methane concentration 
is less than 500 parts per million above background at the surface of 
the landfill. To determine if this level is exceeded, the owner or 
operator must conduct surface testing using an organic vapor analyzer, 
flame ionization detector, or other portable monitor meeting the 
specifications provided in Sec.  62.16720(d). The owner or operator 
must conduct surface testing around the perimeter of the collection 
area and along a pattern that traverses the landfill at no more than 
30-meter intervals and where visual observations indicate elevated 
concentrations of landfill gas, such as distressed vegetation and 
cracks or seeps in the cover and all cover penetrations. Thus, the 
owner or operator must monitor any openings that are within an area of 
the landfill where waste has been placed and a gas collection system is 
required. The owner or operator may establish an alternative traversing 
pattern that ensures equivalent coverage. A surface monitoring design 
plan must be developed that includes a topographical map with the 
monitoring route and the rationale for any site-specific deviations 
from the 30-meter intervals. Areas with steep slopes or other dangerous 
areas may be excluded from the surface testing.
    (e) Operate the system such that all collected gases are vented to 
a control system designed and operated in compliance with Sec.  
62.16714(c). In the event the collection or control system is not 
operating, the gas mover system must be shut down and all valves in the 
collection and control system contributing to venting of the gas to the 
atmosphere must be closed within 1 hour of the collection or control 
system not operating.
    (f) Operate the control system at all times when the collected gas 
is routed to the system.
    (g) If monitoring demonstrates that the operational requirements in 
paragraphs (b), (c), or (d) of this section are not met, corrective 
action must be taken as specified in Sec.  62.16720(a)(3) and (5) or 
Sec.  62.16720(c). If corrective actions are taken as specified in 
Sec.  62.16720, the monitored exceedance is not a violation of the 
operational requirements in this section.


Sec.  62.16718  Test methods and procedures.

    Calculate the landfill NMOC emission rate and conduct a surface 
emission monitoring demonstration according to the provisions in this 
section.
    (a)(1) NMOC Emission rate. The landfill owner or operator must 
calculate the NMOC emission rate using either Equation 1 provided in 
paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section or Equation 2 provided in paragraph 
(a)(1)(ii) of this section. Both Equation 1 and Equation 2 may be used 
if the actual year-to-year solid waste acceptance rate is known, as 
specified in paragraph (a)(1)(i) of this section, for part of the life 
of the landfill and the actual year-to-year solid waste acceptance rate 
is unknown, as specified in paragraph (a)(1)(ii) of this section, for 
part of the life of the landfill. The values to be used in both 
Equation 1 and Equation 2 are 0.05 per year for k, 170 cubic meters per 
megagram for Lo, and 4,000 parts per million by volume as hexane for 
the

[[Page 27774]]

CNMOC. For landfills located in geographical areas with a 
30-year annual average precipitation of less than 25 inches, as 
measured at the nearest representative official meteorological site, 
the k value to be used is 0.02 per year.
    (i)(A) Equation 1 must be used if the actual year-to-year solid 
waste acceptance rate is known.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21MY21.004

Where:

MNMOC = Total NMOC emission rate from the landfill, 
megagrams per year.
k = Methane generation rate constant, year-\1\.
Lo = Methane generation potential, cubic meters per 
megagram solid waste.
Mi = Mass of solid waste in the ith section, 
megagrams.
ti = Age of the ith section, years.
CNMOC = Concentration of NMOC, parts per million by 
volume as hexane.
3.6 x 10-\9\ = Conversion factor.

    (B) The mass of nondegradable solid waste may be subtracted from 
the total mass of solid waste in a particular section of the landfill 
when calculating the value for Mi if documentation of the 
nature and amount of such wastes is maintained.
    (ii)(A) Equation 2 must be used if the actual year-to-year solid 
waste acceptance rate is unknown.
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21MY21.005

Where:

MNMOC = Mass emission rate of NMOC, megagrams per year.
Lo = Methane generation potential, cubic meters per 
megagram solid waste.
R = Average annual acceptance rate, megagrams per year.
k = Methane generation rate constant, year -\1\.
t = Age of landfill, years.
CNMOC = Concentration of NMOC, parts per million by 
volume as hexane.
c = Time since closure, years; for an active landfill c = 0 and 
e-\kc\ = 1.
3.6 x 10-\9\ = Conversion factor.

    (B) The mass of nondegradable solid waste may be subtracted from 
the total mass of solid waste in a particular section of the landfill 
when calculating the value of R, if documentation of the nature and 
amount of such wastes is maintained.
    (2) Tier 1. The owner or operator must compare the calculated NMOC 
mass emission rate to the standard of 34 megagrams per year.
    (i) If the NMOC emission rate calculated in paragraph (a)(1) of 
this section is less than 34 megagrams per year, then the owner or 
operator must submit an NMOC emission rate report according to Sec.  
62.16724(c) and must recalculate the NMOC mass emission rate annually 
as required under Sec.  62.16714(e).
    (ii) If the NMOC emission rate calculated in paragraph (a)(1) of 
this section is equal to or greater than 34 megagrams per year, then 
the landfill owner or operator must either:
    (A) Submit a gas collection and control system design plan within 1 
year as specified in Sec.  62.16724(d) and install and operate a gas 
collection and control system within 30 months according to Sec.  
62.16714(b) and (c);
    (B) Determine a site-specific NMOC concentration and recalculate 
the NMOC emission rate using the Tier 2 procedures provided in 
paragraph (a)(3) of this section; or
    (C) Determine a site-specific methane generation rate constant and 
recalculate the NMOC emission rate using the Tier 3 procedures provided 
in paragraph (a)(4) of this section.
    (3) Tier 2. The landfill owner or operator must determine the site-
specific NMOC concentration using the following sampling procedure. The 
landfill owner or operator must install at least two sample probes per 
hectare, evenly distributed over the landfill surface that has retained 
waste for at least 2 years. If the landfill is larger than 25 hectares 
in area, only 50 samples are required. The probes should be evenly 
distributed across the sample area. The sample probes should be located 
to avoid known areas of nondegradable solid waste. The owner or 
operator must collect and analyze one sample of landfill gas from each 
probe to determine the NMOC concentration using EPA Method 25 or 25C of 
appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60. Taking composite samples from different 
probes into a single cylinder is allowed; however, equal sample volumes 
must be taken from each probe. For each composite, the sampling rate, 
collection times, beginning and ending cylinder vacuums, or alternative 
volume measurements must be recorded to verify that composite volumes 
are equal. Composite sample volumes should not be less than one liter 
unless evidence can be provided to substantiate the accuracy of smaller 
volumes. Terminate compositing before the cylinder approaches ambient 
pressure where measurement accuracy diminishes. If more than the 
required number of samples is taken, all samples must be used in the 
analysis. The landfill owner or operator must divide the NMOC 
concentration from EPA Method 25 or 25C of appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 
60 by 6 to convert from CNMOC as carbon to CNMOC 
as hexane. If the landfill has an active or passive gas removal system 
in place, EPA Method 25 or 25C samples may be collected from these 
systems instead of surface probes provided the removal system can be 
shown to provide sampling as representative as the two sampling probes 
per hectare requirement. For active collection systems, samples may be 
collected from the common header pipe. The sample location on the 
common header pipe must be before any gas moving, condensate removal, 
or treatment system equipment. For active collection systems, a minimum 
of three samples must be collected from the header pipe.
    (i) Within 60 days after the date of determining the NMOC 
concentration and corresponding NMOC emission rate, the owner or 
operator must submit the results according to Sec.  62.16724(j)(2).
    (ii) The landfill owner or operator must recalculate the NMOC mass 
emission rate using Equation 1 or Equation 2 provided in paragraph 
(a)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section using the average site-specific NMOC 
concentration from the collected samples instead of the default value 
provided in paragraph (a)(1) of this section.

[[Page 27775]]

    (iii) If the resulting NMOC mass emission rate is less than 34 
megagrams per year, then the owner or operator must submit a periodic 
estimate of NMOC emissions in an NMOC emission rate report according to 
Sec.  62.16724(c) and must recalculate the NMOC mass emission rate 
annually as required under Sec.  62.16714(e). The site-specific NMOC 
concentration must be retested every 5 years using the methods 
specified in this section.
    (iv) If the NMOC mass emission rate as calculated using the Tier 2 
site-specific NMOC concentration is equal to or greater than 34 
megagrams per year, the owner or operator must either:
    (A) Submit a gas collection and control system design plan within 1 
year as specified in Sec.  62.16724(d) and install and operate a gas 
collection and control system within 30 months according to Sec.  
62.16714(b) and (c);
    (B) Determine a site-specific methane generation rate constant and 
recalculate the NMOC emission rate using the site-specific methane 
generation rate using the Tier 3 procedures specified in paragraph 
(a)(4) of this section; or
    (C) Conduct a surface emission monitoring demonstration using the 
Tier 4 procedures specified in paragraph (a)(6) of this section.
    (4) Tier 3. The site-specific methane generation rate constant must 
be determined using the procedures provided in EPA Method 2E of 
appendix A-1 of 40 CFR part 60. The landfill owner or operator must 
estimate the NMOC mass emission rate using Equation 1 or Equation 2 in 
paragraph (a)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section and using a site-specific 
methane generation rate constant, and the site-specific NMOC 
concentration as determined in paragraph (a)(3) of this section instead 
of the default values provided in paragraph (a)(1) of this section. The 
landfill owner or operator must compare the resulting NMOC mass 
emission rate to the standard of 34 megagrams per year.
    (i) If the NMOC mass emission rate as calculated using the Tier 2 
site-specific NMOC concentration and Tier 3 site-specific methane 
generation rate is equal to or greater than 34 megagrams per year, the 
owner or operator must either:
    (A) Submit a gas collection and control system design plan within 1 
year as specified in Sec.  62.16724(d) and install and operate a gas 
collection and control system within 30 months according to Sec.  
62.16714(b) and (c); or
    (B) Conduct a surface emission monitoring demonstration using the 
Tier 4 procedures specified in paragraph (a)(6) of this section.
    (ii) If the NMOC mass emission rate is less than 34 megagrams per 
year, then the owner or operator must recalculate the NMOC mass 
emission rate annually using Equation 1 or Equation 2 in paragraph 
(a)(1) of this section and using the site-specific Tier 2 NMOC 
concentration and Tier 3 methane generation rate constant and submit a 
periodic NMOC emission rate report as provided in Sec.  62.16724(c). 
The calculation of the methane generation rate constant is performed 
only once, and the value obtained from this test must be used in all 
subsequent annual NMOC emission rate calculations.
    (5) Alternative methods. The owner or operator may use other 
methods to determine the NMOC concentration or a site-specific methane 
generation rate constant as an alternative to the methods required in 
paragraphs (a)(3) and (4) of this section if the method has been 
approved by the Administrator.
    (6) Tier 4. Demonstrate that surface methane emissions are below 
500 parts per million. Surface emission monitoring must be conducted on 
a quarterly basis using the following procedures. Tier 4 is allowed 
only if the landfill owner or operator can demonstrate that NMOC 
emissions are greater than or equal to 34 megagrams per year but less 
than 50 megagrams per year using Tier 1 or Tier 2. If both Tier 1 and 
Tier 2 indicate NMOC emissions are megagrams per year or greater, then 
Tier 4 cannot be used. In addition, the landfill must meet the criteria 
in paragraph (a)(6)(viii) of this section.
    (i) Measure surface concentrations of methane along the entire 
perimeter of the landfill and along a pattern that traverses the 
landfill at no more than 30-meter intervals using an organic vapor 
analyzer, flame ionization detector, or other portable monitor meeting 
the specifications provided in Sec.  62.16720(d).
    (ii) The background concentration must be determined by moving the 
probe inlet upwind and downwind at least 30 meters from the waste mass 
boundary of the landfill.
    (iii) Surface emission monitoring must be performed in accordance 
with section 8.3.1 of EPA Method 21 of appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60, 
except that the probe inlet must be placed no more than 5 centimeters 
above the landfill surface; the constant measurement of distance above 
the surface should be based on a mechanical device such as with a wheel 
on a pole.
    (A) The owner or operator must use a wind barrier, similar to a 
funnel, when onsite average wind speed exceeds 4 miles per hour or 2 
meters per second or gust exceeding 10 miles per hour. Average on-site 
wind speed must also be determined in an open area at 5-minute 
intervals using an on-site anemometer with a continuous recorder and 
data logger for the entire duration of the monitoring event. The wind 
barrier must surround the SEM monitor, and must be placed on the 
ground, to ensure wind turbulence is blocked. The SEM cannot be 
conducted if average wind speed exceeds 25 miles per hour.
    (B) Landfill surface areas where visual observations indicate 
elevated concentrations of landfill gas, such as distressed vegetation 
and cracks or seeps in the cover, and all cover penetrations must also 
be monitored using a device meeting the specifications provided in 
Sec.  62.16720(d).
    (iv) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with the Tier 4 
provisions in paragraph (a)(6) of this section must maintain records of 
surface emission monitoring as provided in Sec.  62.16726(g) and submit 
a Tier 4 surface emissions report as provided in Sec.  
62.16724(d)(4)(iii).
    (v) If there is any measured concentration of methane of 500 parts 
per million or greater from the surface of the landfill, the owner or 
operator must submit a gas collection and control system design plan 
within 1 year of the first measured concentration of methane of 500 
parts per million or greater from the surface of the landfill according 
to Sec.  62.16724(d) and install and operate a gas collection and 
control system according to Sec.  62.16714(b) and (c) within 30 months 
of the most recent NMOC emission rate report in which the NMOC emission 
rate equals or exceeds 34 megagrams per year based on Tier 2.
    (vi) If after four consecutive quarterly monitoring periods at a 
landfill, other than a closed landfill, there is no measured 
concentration of methane of 500 parts per million or greater from the 
surface of the landfill, the owner or operator must continue quarterly 
surface emission monitoring using the methods specified in this 
section.
    (vii) If after four consecutive quarterly monitoring periods at a 
closed landfill there is no measured concentration of methane of 500 
parts per million or greater from the surface of the landfill, the 
owner or operator must conduct annual surface emission monitoring using 
the methods specified in this section.
    (viii) If a landfill has installed and operates a collection and 
control system that is not required by this subpart, then the 
collection and control system must meet the following criteria:

[[Page 27776]]

    (A) The gas collection and control system must have operated for at 
least 6,570 out of 8,760 hours preceding the Tier 4 SEM demonstration.
    (B) During the Tier 4 SEM demonstration, the gas collection and 
control system must operate as it normally would to collect and control 
as much landfill gas as possible.
    (b) After the installation and startup of a collection and control 
system in compliance with this subpart, the owner or operator must 
calculate the NMOC emission rate for purposes of determining when the 
system can be capped, removed, or decommissioned as provided in Sec.  
62.16714(f), using Equation 3:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21MY21.006

Where:

MNMOC = Mass emission rate of NMOC, megagrams per year.
QLFG = Flow rate of landfill gas, cubic meters per 
minute.
CNMOC = NMOC concentration, parts per million by volume 
as hexane.

    (1) Flow rate. The flow rate of landfill gas, QLFG, must 
be determined by measuring the total landfill gas flow rate at the 
common header pipe that leads to the control system using a gas flow 
measuring device calibrated according to the provisions of section 10 
of EPA Method 2E of appendix A-1 of 40 CFR part 60.
    (2) NMOC concentration. The average NMOC concentration, 
CNMOC, must be determined by collecting and analyzing 
landfill gas sampled from the common header pipe before the gas moving 
or condensate removal equipment using the procedures in EPA Method 25 
or EPA Method 25C of appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60. The sample 
location on the common header pipe must be before any condensate 
removal or other gas refining units. The landfill owner or operator 
must divide the NMOC concentration from EPA Method 25 or EPA Method 25C 
of appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60 by six to convert from 
CNMOC as carbon to CNMOC as hexane.
    (3) Gas flow rate method. The owner or operator may use another 
method to determine landfill gas flow rate and NMOC concentration if 
the method has been approved by the Administrator.
    (i) Within 60 days after the date of calculating the NMOC emission 
rate for purposes of determining when the system can be capped or 
removed, the owner or operator must submit the results according to 
Sec.  62.16724(j)(2).
    (ii) [Reserved]
    (c) When calculating emissions for Prevention of Significant 
Deterioration purposes, the owner or operator of each MSW landfill 
subject to the provisions of this subpart must estimate the NMOC 
emission rate for comparison to the Prevention of Significant 
Deterioration major source and significance levels in Sec. Sec.  51.166 
or 52.21 of this chapter using Compilation of Air Pollutant Emission 
Factors, Volume I: Stationary Point and Area Sources (AP-42) or other 
approved measurement procedures.
    (d) For the performance test required in Sec.  62.16714(c)(1), the 
net heating value of the combusted landfill gas as determined in 40 CFR 
60.18(f)(3) of this chapter is calculated from the concentration of 
methane in the landfill gas as measured by EPA Method 3C. A minimum of 
three 30-minute EPA Method 3C samples are determined. The measurement 
of other organic components, hydrogen, and carbon monoxide is not 
applicable. EPA Method 3C may be used to determine the landfill gas 
molecular weight for calculating the flare gas exit velocity under 40 
CFR 60.18(f)(4) of this chapter.
    (1) Performance test results. Within 60 days after the date of 
completing each performance test (as defined in Sec.  60.8 of this 
chapter), the owner or operator must submit the results of the 
performance tests required by paragraph (b) or (d) of this section, 
including any associated fuel analyses, according to Sec.  
62.16724(j)(1).
    (2) [Reserved]
    (e) For the performance test required in Sec.  62.16714(c)(2), EPA 
Method 25 or 25C (EPA Method 25C may be used at the inlet only) of 
appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60 must be used to determine compliance 
with the 98 weight-percent efficiency or the 20 parts-per-million by 
volume outlet NMOC concentration level, unless another method to 
demonstrate compliance has been approved by the Administrator as 
provided by Sec.  62.16724(d)(2). EPA Method 3, 3A, or 3C of appendix 
A-2 of 40 CFR part 60 must be used to determine oxygen for correcting 
the NMOC concentration as hexane to 3 percent. In cases where the 
outlet concentration is less than 50 parts-per-million NMOC as carbon 
(8 parts-per-million NMOC as hexane), EPA Method 25A should be used in 
place of EPA Method 25. EPA Method 18 of appendix A-6 of 40 CFR part 60 
may be used in conjunction with EPA Method 25A on a limited basis 
(compound specific, e.g., methane) or EPA Method 3C may be used to 
determine methane. The methane as carbon should be subtracted from the 
EPA Method 25A total hydrocarbon value as carbon to give NMOC 
concentration as carbon. The landfill owner or operator must divide the 
NMOC concentration as carbon by 6 to convert the CNMOC as 
carbon to CNMOC as hexane. Equation 4 must be used to 
calculate efficiency:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21MY21.007

Where:

NMOCin = Mass of NMOC entering control device.
NMOCout = Mass of NMOC exiting control device.

    (1) Performance test submission. Within 60 days after the date of 
completing each performance test (as defined inSec.  60.8 of this 
chapter), the owner or operator must submit the results of the 
performance tests, including any associated fuel analyses, according to 
Sec.  62.16724(j)(1).
    (2) [Reserved]


Sec.  62.16720  Compliance provisions.

    Follow the compliance provisions in this section (as well as the 
provisions in Sec. Sec.  62.16716 and 62.16722), or the compliance 
provisions in Sec.  63.1960 of this chapter (as well as the provisions 
in Sec. Sec.  63.1958 and 63.1961 of this chapter), or both as 
alternative means of compliance, for an MSW landfill with a gas 
collection and control system used to comply with the provisions of 
Sec.  62.16714(b) and (c). Once the owner or operator begins to comply 
with the provisions of Sec.  63.1960 of this chapter, the owner or 
operator must continue to operate the collection and control device 
according to those provisions and cannot return to the provisions of 
this section.

[[Page 27777]]

    (a) Except as provided in Sec.  62.16724(d)(2), the specified 
methods in paragraphs (a)(1) through (6) of this section must be used 
to determine whether the gas collection system is in compliance with 
Sec.  62.16714(b)(2).
    (1) For the purposes of calculating the maximum expected gas 
generation flow rate from the landfill to determine compliance with 
Sec.  62.16714(b)(2)(i), either Equation 5 or Equation 6 must be used. 
The methane generation rate constant (k) and methane generation 
potential (Lo) kinetic factors should be those published in the most 
recent AP-42 or other site-specific values demonstrated to be 
appropriate and approved by the Administrator. If k has been determined 
as specified in Sec.  62.16718(a)(4), the value of k determined from 
the test must be used. A value of no more than 15 years must be used 
for the intended use period of the gas mover equipment. The active life 
of the landfill is the age of the landfill plus the estimated number of 
years until closure.
    (i) For sites with unknown year-to-year solid waste acceptance 
rate:
[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21MY21.008

Where:

Qm = Maximum expected gas generation flow rate, cubic 
meters per year.
Lo = Methane generation potential, cubic meters per 
megagram solid waste.
R = Average annual acceptance rate, megagrams per year.
k = Methane generation rate constant, year-1.
t = Age of the landfill at equipment installation plus the time the 
owner or operator intends to use the gas mover equipment or active 
life of the landfill, whichever is less. If the equipment is 
installed after closure, t is the age of the landfill at 
installation, years.
c = Time since closure, years (for an active landfill c = 0 and 
e-\kc\ = 1).

    (ii) For sites with known year-to-year solid waste acceptance rate:
    [GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21MY21.009
    
Where:

QM = Maximum expected gas generation flow rate, cubic 
meters per year.
k = Methane generation rate constant, year-1.
Lo = Methane generation potential, cubic meters per 
megagram solid waste.
Mi = Mass of solid waste in the ith section, 
megagrams.
ti = Age of the ith section, years.

    (iii) If a collection and control system has been installed, actual 
flow data may be used to project the maximum expected gas generation 
flow rate instead of, or in conjunction with, Equation 5 or Equation 6 
in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) and (ii) of this section. If the landfill is 
still accepting waste, the actual measured flow data will not equal the 
maximum expected gas generation rate, so calculations using Equation 5 
or Equation 6 in paragraphs (a)(1)(i) or (ii) of this section or other 
methods must be used to predict the maximum expected gas generation 
rate over the intended period of use of the gas control system 
equipment.
    (2) For the purposes of determining sufficient density of gas 
collectors for compliance with Sec.  62.16714(b)(2)(ii), the owner or 
operator must design a system of vertical wells, horizontal collectors, 
or other collection devices, satisfactory to the Administrator, capable 
of controlling and extracting gas from all portions of the landfill 
sufficient to meet all operational and performance standards.
    (3) For the purpose of demonstrating whether the gas collection 
system flow rate is sufficient to determine compliance with Sec.  
62.16714(b)(2)(iii), the owner or operator must measure gauge pressure 
in the gas collection header applied to each individual well monthly. 
If a positive pressure exists, action must be initiated to correct the 
exceedance within 5 calendar days, except for the three conditions 
allowed under Sec.  62.16716(b). Any attempted corrective measure must 
not cause exceedances of other operational or performance standards.
    (i) If negative pressure cannot be achieved without excess air 
infiltration within 15 calendar days of the first measurement of 
positive pressure, the owner or operator must conduct a root cause 
analysis and correct the exceedance as soon as practicable, but not 
later than 60 days after positive pressure was first measured. The 
owner or operator must keep records according to Sec.  62.16726(e)(3).
    (ii) If corrective actions cannot be fully implemented within 60 
days following the positive pressure or elevated temperature 
measurement for which the root cause analysis was required, the owner 
or operator must also conduct a corrective action analysis and develop 
an implementation schedule to complete the corrective action(s) as soon 
as practicable, but no more than 120 days following the measurement of 
landfill gas temperature greater than 55 degrees Celsius (131 degrees 
Fahrenheit) or positive pressure. The owner or operator must submit the 
items listed in Sec.  62.16724(h)(7) as part of the next annual report. 
The owner or operator must keep records according to Sec.  
62.16726(e)(4).
    (iii) If corrective action is expected to take longer than 120 days 
to complete after the initial exceedance, the owner or operator must 
submit the root cause analysis, corrective action analysis, and 
corresponding implementation timeline to the Administrator, according 
to Sec.  62.16724(h)(7) and (k). The owner or operator must keep 
records according to Sec.  62.16726(e)(5).
    (4) For the purpose of identifying whether excess air infiltration 
into the landfill is occurring, the owner or operator must monitor each 
well monthly for temperature as provided in Sec.  62.16716(c). If a 
well exceeds the operating parameter for temperature, action must be 
initiated to correct the exceedance within 5 calendar days. Any 
attempted corrective measure must not cause exceedances of other 
operational or performance standards.
    (i) If a landfill gas temperature less than 55 degrees Celsius (131 
degrees Fahrenheit) cannot be achieved within 15 calendar days of the 
first measurement of landfill gas temperature greater than 55 degrees 
Celsius (131 degrees Fahrenheit), the owner or operator must conduct a 
root cause analysis and correct the exceedance as soon as practicable, 
but no later than 60 days after a landfill gas temperature greater than 
55 degrees Celsius (131 degrees Fahrenheit) was first measured. The 
owner or operator must keep records according to Sec.  62.16726(e)(3).

[[Page 27778]]

    (ii) If corrective actions cannot be fully implemented within 60 
days following the measurement of landfill gas temperature greater than 
55 degrees Celsius (131 degrees Fahrenheit) for which the root cause 
analysis was required, the owner or operator must also conduct a 
corrective action analysis and develop an implementation schedule to 
complete the corrective action(s) as soon as practicable, but no more 
than 120 days following the measurement of landfill gas temperature 
greater than 55 degrees Celsius (131 degrees Fahrenheit). The owner or 
operator must submit the items listed in Sec.  62.16724(h)(7) as part 
of the next annual report. The owner or operator must keep records 
according to Sec.  62.16726(e)(4).
    (iii) If corrective action is expected to take longer than 120 days 
to complete after the initial exceedance, the owner or operator must 
submit the root cause analysis, corrective action analysis, and 
corresponding implementation timeline to the Administrator, according 
to Sec.  62.16724(h)(7) and Sec.  62.16724(k). The owner or operator 
must keep records according to Sec.  62.16726(e)(5).
    (5) An owner or operator seeking to demonstrate compliance with 
Sec.  62.16714(b)(2)(iv) through the use of a collection system not 
conforming to the specifications provided in Sec.  62.16728 must 
provide information satisfactory to the Administrator as specified in 
Sec.  62.16724(d)(3) demonstrating that off-site migration is being 
controlled.
    (b) For purposes of compliance with Sec.  62.16716(a), each owner 
or operator of a controlled landfill must place each well or design 
component as specified in the approved design plan as provided in Sec.  
62.16724(d). Each well must be installed no later than 60 days after 
the date on which the initial solid waste has been in place for a 
period of:
    (1) 5 years or more if active; or
    (2) 2 years or more if closed or at final grade.
    (c) The following procedures must be used for compliance with the 
surface methane operational standard as provided in Sec.  62.16716(d):
    (1) After installation and startup of the gas collection system, 
the owner or operator must monitor surface concentrations of methane 
along the entire perimeter of the collection area and along a pattern 
that traverses the landfill at no more than 30-meter intervals (or a 
site-specific established spacing) for each collection area on a 
quarterly basis using an organic vapor analyzer, flame ionization 
detector, or other portable monitor meeting the specifications provided 
in paragraph (d) of this section.
    (2) The background concentration must be determined by moving the 
probe inlet upwind and downwind outside the boundary of the landfill at 
a distance of at least 30 meters from the perimeter wells.
    (3) Surface emission monitoring must be performed in accordance 
with section 8.3.1 of EPA Method 21 of appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60, 
except that the probe inlet must be placed within 5 to 10 centimeters 
of the ground. Monitoring must be performed during typical 
meteorological conditions.
    (4) Any reading of 500 parts per million or more above background 
at any location must be recorded as a monitored exceedance and the 
actions specified in paragraphs (c)(4)(i) through (v) of this section 
must be taken. As long as the specified actions are taken, the 
exceedance is not a violation of the operational requirements of Sec.  
62.16716(d).
    (i) The location of each monitored exceedance must be marked, and 
the location and concentration recorded. For location, you must 
determine the latitude and longitude coordinates using an instrument 
with an accuracy of at least 4 meters. The coordinates must be in 
decimal degrees with at least five decimal places.
    (ii) Cover maintenance or adjustments to the vacuum of the adjacent 
wells to increase the gas collection in the vicinity of each exceedance 
must be made and the location must be re-monitored within 10 calendar 
days of detecting the exceedance.
    (iii) If the re-monitoring of the location shows a second 
exceedance, additional corrective action must be taken, and the 
location must be monitored again within 10 days of the second 
exceedance. If the re-monitoring shows a third exceedance for the same 
location, the action specified in paragraph (c)(4)(v) of this section 
must be taken, and no further monitoring of that location is required 
until the action specified in paragraph (c)(4)(v) of this section has 
been taken.
    (iv) Any location that initially showed an exceedance but has a 
methane concentration less than 500 parts-per-million methane above 
background at the 10-day re-monitoring specified in paragraph 
(c)(4)(ii) or (iii) of this section must be re-monitored 1 month from 
the initial exceedance. If the 1-month re-monitoring shows a 
concentration less than 500 parts-per-million above background, no 
further monitoring of that location is required until the next 
quarterly monitoring period. If the 1-month re-monitoring shows an 
exceedance, the actions specified in paragraph (c)(4)(iii) or (v) of 
this section must be taken.
    (v) For any location where monitored methane concentration equals 
or exceeds 500 parts-per-million above background three times within a 
quarterly period, a new well or other collection device must be 
installed within 120 calendar days of the initial exceedance. An 
alternative remedy to the exceedance, such as upgrading the blower, 
header pipes or control device, and a corresponding timeline for 
installation may be submitted to the Administrator for approval.
    (5) The owner or operator must implement a program to monitor for 
cover integrity and implement cover repairs as necessary on a monthly 
basis.
    (d) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with the provisions in 
paragraph (c) of this section or Sec.  62.16718(a)(6) must comply with 
the following instrumentation specifications and procedures for surface 
emission monitoring devices:
    (1) The portable analyzer must meet the instrument specifications 
provided in section 6 of EPA Method 21 of appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 
60, except that ``methane'' replaces all references to ``VOC.''
    (2) The calibration gas must be methane, diluted to a nominal 
concentration of 500 parts-per-million in air.
    (3) To meet the performance evaluation requirements in section 8.1 
of EPA Method 21 of appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60, the instrument 
evaluation procedures of section 8.1 of EPA Method 21 of appendix A-7 
of 40 CFR part 60 must be used.
    (4) The calibration procedures provided in sections 8 and 10 of EPA 
Method 21 of appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60 must be followed 
immediately before commencing a surface monitoring survey.
    (e) The provisions of this subpart apply at all times, including 
periods of startup, shutdown, or malfunction. During periods of 
startup, shutdown, and malfunction, you must comply with the work 
practice specified in Sec.  62.16716(e) in lieu of the compliance 
provisions in Sec.  62.16720.


Sec.  62.16722  Monitoring of operations.

    Follow the monitoring provisions in this section (as well as the 
provisions in Sec. Sec.  62.16716 and 62.16720), except as provided in 
Sec.  62.16724(d)(2), or the monitoring provisions in Sec.  63.1961 of 
this chapter (as well as the provisions in Sec. Sec.  63.1958 and 
63.1960 of this chapter), or both as alternative means of compliance, 
for an MSW landfill with a gas collection and control system used

[[Page 27779]]

to comply with the provisions of Sec.  62.16714(b) and (c). Once the 
owner or operator begins to comply with the provisions of Sec.  63.1961 
of this chapter, the owner or operator must continue to operate the 
collection and control device according to those provisions and cannot 
return to the provisions of this section.
    (a) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with Sec.  
62.16714(b)(2) for an active gas collection system must install a 
sampling port and a thermometer, other temperature measuring device, or 
an access port for temperature measurements at each wellhead and:
    (1) Measure the gauge pressure in the gas collection header on a 
monthly basis as provided in Sec.  62.16720(a)(3); and
    (2) Monitor nitrogen or oxygen concentration in the landfill gas on 
a monthly basis as follows:
    (i) The nitrogen level must be determined using EPA Method 3C of 
appendix A-2 of 40 CFR part 60, unless an alternative test method is 
established as allowed by Sec.  62.16724(d)(2).
    (ii) Unless an alternative test method is established as allowed by 
Sec.  62.16724(d)(2), the oxygen level must be determined by an oxygen 
meter using EPA Method 3A of appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60, EPA Method 
3C of appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60, or ASTM D6522-11. Determine the 
oxygen level by an oxygen meter using EPA Method 3A, 3C, or ASTM D6522-
11 (if sample location is prior to combustion) except that:
    (A) The span must be set between 10- and 12-percent oxygen;
    (B) A data recorder is not required;
    (C) Only two calibration gases are required, a zero and span;
    (D) A calibration error check is not required;
    (E) The allowable sample bias, zero drift, and calibration drift 
are 10 percent.
    (iii) A portable gas composition analyzer may be used to monitor 
the oxygen levels provided:
    (A) The analyzer is calibrated; and
    (B) The analyzer meets all quality assurance and quality control 
requirements for EPA Method 3A or ASTM D6522-11.
    (3) Monitor temperature of the landfill gas on a monthly basis as 
provided in Sec.  62.16720(a)(4). The temperature measuring device must 
be calibrated annually using the procedure in 40 CFR part 60, appendix 
A-1, EPA Method 2, section 10.3.
    (b) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with Sec.  62.16714(c) 
using an enclosed combustor must calibrate, maintain, and operate 
according to the manufacturer's specifications, the following 
equipment:
    (1) A temperature monitoring device equipped with a continuous 
recorder and having a minimum accuracy of 1 percent of the 
temperature being measured expressed in degrees Celsius or 0.5 degrees Celsius, whichever is greater. A temperature 
monitoring device is not required for boilers or process heaters with 
design heat input capacity equal to or greater than 44 megawatts.
    (2) A device that records flow to the control device and bypass of 
the control device (if applicable). The owner or operator must:
    (i) Install, calibrate, and maintain a gas flow rate measuring 
device that must record the flow to the control device at least every 
15 minutes; and
    (ii) Secure the bypass line valve in the closed position with a 
car-seal or a lock-and-key type configuration. A visual inspection of 
the seal or closure mechanism must be performed at least once every 
month to ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed position and 
that the gas flow is not diverted through the bypass line.
    (c) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with Sec.  62.16714(c) 
using a non-enclosed flare must install, calibrate, maintain, and 
operate according to the manufacturer's specifications the following 
equipment:
    (1) A heat sensing device, such as an ultraviolet beam sensor or 
thermocouple, at the pilot light or the flame itself to indicate the 
continuous presence of a flame.
    (2) A device that records flow to the flare and bypass of the flare 
(if applicable). The owner or operator must:
    (i) Install, calibrate, and maintain a gas flow rate measuring 
device that records the flow to the control device at least every 15 
minutes; and
    (ii) Secure the bypass line valve in the closed position with a 
car-seal or a lock-and-key type configuration. A visual inspection of 
the seal or closure mechanism must be performed at least once every 
month to ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed position and 
that the gas flow is not diverted through the bypass line.
    (d) Each owner or operator seeking to demonstrate compliance with 
Sec.  62.16714(c) using a device other than a non-enclosed flare or an 
enclosed combustor or a treatment system must provide information 
satisfactory to the Administrator as provided in Sec.  62.16724(d)(2) 
describing the operation of the control device, the operating 
parameters that would indicate proper performance, and appropriate 
monitoring procedures. The Administrator must review the information 
and either approve it, or request that additional information be 
submitted. The Administrator may specify additional appropriate 
monitoring procedures.
    (e) Each owner or operator seeking to install a collection system 
that does not meet the specifications in Sec.  62.16728 or seeking to 
monitor alternative parameters to those required by Sec.  62.16716 
through Sec.  62.16722 must provide information satisfactory to the 
Administrator as provided in Sec.  62.16724(d)(2) and (3) describing 
the design and operation of the collection system, the operating 
parameters that would indicate proper performance, and appropriate 
monitoring procedures. The Administrator may specify additional 
appropriate monitoring procedures.
    (f) Each owner or operator seeking to demonstrate compliance with 
the 500 parts-per-million surface methane operational standard in Sec.  
62.16716(d) must monitor surface concentrations of methane according to 
the procedures provided in Sec.  62.16720(c) and the instrument 
specifications in Sec.  62.16720(d). Any closed landfill that has no 
monitored exceedances of the operational standard in three consecutive 
quarterly monitoring periods may skip to annual monitoring. Any methane 
reading of 500 parts-per-million or more above background detected 
during the annual monitoring returns the frequency for that landfill to 
quarterly monitoring.
    (g) Each owner or operator seeking to demonstrate compliance with 
the control system requirements in Sec.  62.16714(c) using a landfill 
gas treatment system must maintain and operate all monitoring systems 
associated with the treatment system in accordance with the site-
specific treatment system monitoring plan required in Sec.  
62.16726(b)(5)(ii) and must calibrate, maintain, and operate according 
to the manufacturer's specifications a device that records flow to the 
treatment system and bypass of the treatment system (if applicable). 
The owner or operator must:
    (1) Install, calibrate, and maintain a gas flow rate measuring 
device that records the flow to the treatment system at least every 15 
minutes; and
    (2) Secure the bypass line valve in the closed position with a car-
seal or a lock-and-key type configuration. A visual inspection of the 
seal or closure mechanism must be performed at least once every month 
to ensure that the valve is maintained in the closed position and that 
the gas flow is not diverted through the bypass line.

[[Page 27780]]

    (h) The monitoring requirements of paragraphs (b), (c), (d), and 
(g) of this section apply at all times the designated facility is 
operating, except for periods of monitoring system malfunctions, 
repairs associated with monitoring system malfunctions, and required 
monitoring system quality assurance or quality control activities. A 
monitoring system malfunction is any sudden, infrequent, not reasonably 
preventable failure of the monitoring system to provide valid data. 
Monitoring system failures that are caused in part by poor maintenance 
or careless operation are not malfunctions. You are required to 
complete monitoring system repairs in response to monitoring system 
malfunctions and to return the monitoring system to operation as 
expeditiously as practicable.
    (i) Incorporation by reference required material.
    (1) The material required by this section was approved for 
incorporation by reference into this section by the Director of the 
Federal Register under 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. You may 
inspect approved material at the EPA Docket Center, WJC West Building, 
Room Number 3334, 1301 Constitution Ave. NW, Washington, DC, (202) 566-
1744, Docket ID No. EPA-HQ-OAR-2019-0338 and obtain it from the 
source(s) listed below. It is also available for inspection at the 
National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on 
the availability of this material at NARA, email fedreg.legal@nara.gov, 
or go to www.archives.gov/federal-register/cfr/ibr-locations.html.
    (2) ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, P.O. Box CB700, West 
Conshohocken, Pennsylvania 19428-2959, (800) 262-1373, www.astm.org.
    (i) ASTM D6522-11 Standard Test Method for Determination of 
Nitrogen Oxides, Carbon Monoxide, and Oxygen Concentrations in 
Emissions from Natural Gas-Fired Reciprocating Engines, Combustion 
Turbines, Boilers, and Process Heaters Using Portable Analyzers, 
approved December 1, 2011.
    (ii) [Reserved]


Sec.  62.16724  Reporting guidelines.

    Follow the reporting provisions listed in this section, as 
applicable, except as provided under 40 CFR 60.24 and Sec. Sec.  
62.16711(g), (h), and 62.16724(d)(2).
    (a) Design capacity report. Submit the initial design capacity 
report no later than September 20, 2021. The initial design capacity 
report must contain the following information:
    (1) A map or plot of the landfill, providing the size and location 
of the landfill, and identifying all areas where solid waste may be 
landfilled according to the permit issued by the state, local, or 
tribal agency responsible for regulating the landfill.
    (2) The maximum design capacity of the landfill. Where the maximum 
design capacity is specified in the permit issued by the state, local, 
or tribal agency responsible for regulating the landfill, a copy of the 
permit specifying the maximum design capacity may be submitted as part 
of the report. If the maximum design capacity of the landfill is not 
specified in the permit, the maximum design capacity must be calculated 
using good engineering practices. The calculations must be provided, 
along with the relevant parameters as part of the report. The landfill 
may calculate design capacity in either megagrams or cubic meters for 
comparison with the exemption values. If the owner or operator chooses 
to convert the design capacity from volume to mass or from mass to 
volume to demonstrate its design capacity is less than 2.5 million 
megagrams or 2.5 million cubic meters, the calculation must include a 
site-specific density, which must be recalculated annually. Any density 
conversions must be documented and submitted with the design capacity 
report. The state, local, or tribal agency or the Administrator may 
request other reasonable information as may be necessary to verify the 
maximum design capacity of the landfill.
    (b) Amended design capacity report. An amended design capacity 
report must be submitted providing notification of an increase in the 
design capacity of the landfill, within 90 days of an increase in the 
maximum design capacity of the landfill to meet or exceed 2.5 million 
megagrams and 2.5 million cubic meters. This increase in design 
capacity may result from an increase in the permitted volume of the 
landfill or an increase in the density as documented in the annual 
recalculation required in Sec.  62.16726(f).
    (c) NMOC emission rate report. For existing MSW landfills covered 
by this subpart with a design capacity equal to or greater than 2.5 
million megagrams and 2.5 million cubic meters, the NMOC emission rate 
report must be submitted following the procedure specified in paragraph 
(j)(2) of this section no later than 90 days after the effective date 
of this subpart. The NMOC emission rate report must be submitted to the 
Administrator annually following the procedure specified in paragraph 
(j)(2) of this section, except as provided for in paragraph (c)(3) of 
this section. The Administrator may request such additional information 
as may be necessary to verify the reported NMOC emission rate.
    (1) The NMOC emission rate report must contain an annual or 5-year 
estimate of the NMOC emission rate calculated using the formula and 
procedures provided in Sec.  62.16718(a) or (b), as applicable.
    (2) The NMOC emission rate report must include all the data, 
calculations, sample reports and measurements used to estimate the 
annual or 5-year emissions.
    (3) If the estimated NMOC emission rate as reported in the annual 
report to the Administrator is less than 34 megagrams per year in each 
of the next 5 consecutive years, the owner or operator may elect to 
submit, following the procedure specified in paragraph (j)(2) of this 
section, an estimate of the NMOC emission rate for the next 5-year 
period in lieu of the annual report. This estimate must include the 
current amount of solid waste-in-place and the estimated waste 
acceptance rate for each year of the 5 years for which an NMOC emission 
rate is estimated. All data and calculations upon which this estimate 
is based must be provided to the Administrator. This estimate must be 
revised at least once every 5 years. If the actual waste acceptance 
rate exceeds the estimated waste acceptance rate in any year reported 
in the 5-year estimate, a revised 5-year estimate must be submitted to 
the Administrator. The revised estimate must cover the 5-year period 
beginning with the year in which the actual waste acceptance rate 
exceeded the estimated waste acceptance rate.
    (4) Each owner or operator subject to the requirements of this 
subpart is exempted from the requirements to submit an NMOC emission 
rate report, after installing a collection and control system that 
complies with Sec.  62.16714(b) and (c), during such time as the 
collection and control system is in operation and in compliance with 
Sec. Sec.  62.16716 and 62.16720.
    (d) Collection and control system design plan. The collection and 
control system design plan must be prepared and approved by a 
professional engineer and must meet the following requirements:
    (1) The collection and control system as described in the design 
plan must meet the design requirements in Sec.  62.16714(b) and (c).
    (2) The collection and control system design plan must include any 
alternatives to the operational standards, test methods, procedures, 
compliance measures, monitoring, recordkeeping, or reporting provisions

[[Page 27781]]

of Sec. Sec.  62.16716 through 62.16726 proposed by the owner or 
operator.
    (3) The collection and control system design plan must either 
conform to specifications for active collection systems in Sec.  
62.16728 or include a demonstration to the Administrator's satisfaction 
of the sufficiency of the alternative provisions to Sec.  62.16728.
    (4) Each owner or operator of an MSW landfill having a design 
capacity equal to or greater than 2.5 million megagrams and 2.5 million 
cubic meters must submit a copy of the collection and control system 
design plan cover page that contains the engineer's seal to the 
Administrator within 1 year of the first NMOC emission rate report in 
which the NMOC emission rate equals or exceeds 34 megagrams per year, 
except as follows:
    (i) If the owner or operator elects to recalculate the NMOC 
emission rate after Tier 2 NMOC sampling and analysis as provided in 
Sec.  62.16718(a)(3) and the resulting rate is less than 34 megagrams 
per year, annual periodic reporting must be resumed, using the Tier 2 
determined site-specific NMOC concentration, until the calculated NMOC 
emission rate is equal to or greater than 34 megagrams per year or the 
landfill is closed. The revised NMOC emission rate report, with the 
recalculated NMOC emission rate based on NMOC sampling and analysis, 
must be submitted, following the procedures in paragraph (j)(2) of this 
section, within 180 days of the first calculated exceedance of 34 
megagrams per year.
    (ii) If the owner or operator elects to recalculate the NMOC 
emission rate after determining a site-specific methane generation rate 
constant k, as provided in Tier 3 in Sec.  62.16718(a)(4), and the 
resulting NMOC emission rate is less than 34 megagrams per year, annual 
periodic reporting must be resumed. The resulting site-specific methane 
generation rate constant k must be used in the NMOC emission rate 
calculation until such time as the emissions rate calculation results 
in an exceedance. The revised NMOC emission rate report based on the 
provisions of Sec.  62.16718(a)(4) and the resulting site-specific 
methane generation rate constant k must be submitted, following the 
procedure specified in paragraph (j)(2) of this section, to the 
Administrator within 1 year of the first calculated NMOC emission rate 
equaling or exceeding 34 megagrams per year.
    (iii) If the owner or operator elects to demonstrate that site-
specific surface methane emissions are below 500 parts-per-million 
methane, based on the provisions of Sec.  62.16718(a)(6), then the 
owner or operator must submit annually a Tier 4 surface emissions 
report as specified in this paragraph following the procedure specified 
in paragraph (j)(2) of this section until a surface emissions reading 
of 500 parts-per-million methane or greater is found. If the Tier 4 
surface emissions report shows no surface emissions readings of 500 
parts-per-million methane or greater for four consecutive quarters at a 
closed landfill, then the landfill owner or operator may reduce Tier 4 
monitoring from a quarterly to an annual frequency. The Administrator 
may request such additional information as may be necessary to verify 
the reported instantaneous surface emission readings. The Tier 4 
surface emissions report must clearly identify the location, date and 
time (to the nearest second), average wind speeds including wind gusts, 
and reading (in parts-per-million) of any value 500 parts-per-million 
methane or greater, other than non-repeatable, momentary readings. For 
location, you must determine the latitude and longitude coordinates 
using an instrument with an accuracy of at least 4 meters. The 
coordinates must be in decimal degrees with at least five decimal 
places. The Tier 4 surface emission report should also include the 
results of the most recent Tier 1 and Tier 2 results in order to verify 
that the landfill does not exceed 50 megagrams per year of NMOC.
    (A) The initial Tier 4 surface emissions report must be submitted 
annually, starting within 30 days of completing the fourth quarter of 
Tier 4 SEM that demonstrates that site-specific surface methane 
emissions are below 500 parts-per-million methane, and following the 
procedure specified in paragraph (j)(2) of this section
    (B) The Tier 4 surface emissions rate report must be submitted 
within 1 year of the first measured surface exceedance of 500 parts-
per-million methane, following the procedure specified in paragraph 
(j)(2) of this section.
    (iv) If the landfill is in the closed landfill subcategory, the 
owner or operator is exempt from submitting a collection and control 
system design plan to the Administrator provided that conditions in 
Sec.  62.16711(g)(3) are met. If not, the owner or operator shall 
follow the submission procedures and timing in Sec.  62.16724(d)(ii) 
and (iii) using a level of 50 Mg/yr instead of 34 Mg/yr.
    (5) The landfill owner or operator must notify the Administrator 
that the design plan is completed and submit a copy of the plan's 
signature page. The Administrator has 90 days to decide whether the 
design plan should be submitted for review. If the Administrator 
chooses to review the plan, the approval process continues as described 
in paragraph (c)(6) of this section. However, if the Administrator 
indicates that submission is not required or does not respond within 90 
days, the landfill owner or operator can continue to implement the plan 
with the recognition that the owner or operator is proceeding at their 
own risk. In the event that the design plan is required to be modified 
to obtain approval, the owner or operator must take any steps necessary 
to conform any prior actions to the approved design plan and any 
failure to do so could result in an enforcement action.
    (6) Upon receipt of an initial or revised design plan, the 
Administrator must review the information submitted under paragraphs 
(d)(1) through (3) of this section and either approve it, disapprove 
it, or request that additional information be submitted. Because of the 
many site-specific factors involved with landfill gas system design, 
alternative systems may be necessary. A wide variety of system designs 
are possible, such as vertical wells, combination horizontal and 
vertical collection systems, or horizontal trenches only, leachate 
collection components, and passive systems. If the Administrator does 
not approve or disapprove the design plan, or does not request that 
additional information be submitted within 90 days of receipt, then the 
owner or operator may continue with implementation of the design plan, 
recognizing they would be proceeding at their own risk.
    (7) If the owner or operator chooses to demonstrate compliance with 
the emission control requirements of this subpart using a treatment 
system as defined in this subpart, then the owner or operator must 
prepare a site-specific treatment system monitoring plan as specified 
in Sec.  62.16726(b)(5). Legacy controlled landfills must prepare the 
monitoring plan no later than May 23, 2022.
    (e) Revised design plan. The owner or operator who has already been 
required to submit a design plan under paragraph (d) of this section, 
or under subpart GGG of this part; 40 CFR part 60, subpart WWW; or a 
state plan implementing subpart Cc of 40 CFR part 60, must submit a 
revised design plan to the Administrator for approval as follows:
    (1) At least 90 days before expanding operations to an area not 
covered by the previously approved design plan.
    (2) Prior to installing or expanding the gas collection system in a 
way that is not consistent with the design plan that was submitted to 
the Administrator

[[Page 27782]]

according to paragraph (d) of this section.
    (f) Closure report. Each owner or operator of a controlled landfill 
must submit a closure report to the Administrator within 30 days of 
ceasing waste acceptance. The Administrator may request additional 
information as may be necessary to verify that permanent closure has 
taken place in accordance with the requirements of 40 CFR 258.60. If a 
closure report has been submitted to the Administrator, no additional 
wastes may be placed into the landfill without filing a notification of 
modification as described under 40 CFR 60.7(a)(4).
    (g) Equipment removal report. Each owner or operator of a 
controlled landfill must submit an equipment removal report to the 
Administrator 30 days prior to removal or cessation of operation of the 
control equipment.
    (1) The equipment removal report must contain the following items:
    (i) A copy of the closure report submitted in accordance with 
paragraph (f) of this section; and
    (ii) A copy of the initial performance test report demonstrating 
that the 15-year minimum control period has expired, unless the report 
of the results of the performance test has been submitted to the EPA 
via the EPA's Central Data Exchange (CDX), or information that 
demonstrates that the gas collection and control system will be unable 
to operate for 15 years due to declining gas flows. In the equipment 
removal report, the process unit(s) tested, the pollutant(s) tested, 
and the date that such performance test was conducted may be submitted 
in lieu of the performance test report if the report has been 
previously submitted to the EPA's CDX; and
    (iii) Dated copies of three successive NMOC emission rate reports 
demonstrating that the landfill is no longer producing 34 megagrams or 
greater of NMOC per year, unless the NMOC emission rate reports have 
been submitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX. If the NMOC emission rate 
reports have been previously submitted to the EPA's CDX, a statement 
that the NMOC emission rate reports have been submitted electronically 
and the dates that the reports were submitted to the EPA's CDX may be 
submitted in the equipment removal report in lieu of the NMOC emission 
rate reports; or
    (iv) For the closed landfill subcategory, dated copies of three 
successive NMOC emission rate reports demonstrating that the landfill 
is no longer producing 50 megagrams or greater of NMOC per year, unless 
the NMOC emission rate reports have been submitted to the EPA via the 
EPA's CDX. If the NMOC emission rate reports have been previously 
submitted to the EPA's CDX, a statement that the NMOC emission rate 
reports have been submitted electronically and the dates that the 
reports were submitted to the EPA's CDX may be submitted in the 
equipment removal report in lieu of the NMOC emission rate reports.
    (2) The Administrator may request such additional information as 
may be necessary to verify that all of the conditions for removal in 
Sec.  62.16714(f) have been met.
    (h) Annual report. The owner or operator of a landfill seeking to 
comply with Sec.  62.16714(e)(2) using an active collection system 
designed in accordance with Sec.  62.16714(b) must submit to the 
Administrator, following the procedures specified in paragraph (j)(2) 
of this section, an annual report of the recorded information in 
paragraphs (h)(1) through (7) of this section. The initial annual 
report must be submitted within 180 days of installation and startup of 
the collection and control system except for legacy controlled 
landfills that have already submitted an initial report under 40 CFR 
part 60, subpart WWW; subpart GGG of this part; or a state plan 
implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc. Except for legacy controlled 
landfills, the initial annual report must include the initial 
performance test report required under 40 CFR 60.8, as applicable, 
unless the report of the results of the performance test has been 
submitted to the EPA via the EPA's CDX. Legacy controlled landfills are 
exempted from submitting performance test reports in EPA's CDX provided 
that those reports were submitted under 40 CFR part 60, subpart WWW; 
subpart GGG of this part; or a state plan implementing 40 CFR part 60, 
subpart Cc. In the initial annual report, the process unit(s) tested, 
the pollutant(s) tested and the date that such performance test was 
conducted may be submitted in lieu of the performance test report if 
the report has been previously submitted to the EPA's CDX. The initial 
performance test report must be submitted, following the procedure 
specified in paragraph (j)(1) of this section, no later than the date 
that the initial annual report is submitted. For enclosed combustion 
devices and flares, reportable exceedances are defined under Sec.  
62.16726(c)(1). Legacy controlled landfills are required to submit the 
annual report no later than one year after the most recent annual 
report submitted. If complying with the operational provisions of 
Sec. Sec.  63.1958, 63.1960, and 63.1961 of this chapter, as allowed at 
Sec. Sec.  62.16716, 62.16720, and 62.16722, the owner or operator must 
follow the semi-annual reporting requirements in Sec.  63.1981(h) of 
this chapter in lieu of this paragraph.
    (1) Value and length of time for exceedance of applicable 
parameters monitored under Sec.  62.16722(a)(1), (b), (c), (d), and 
(g).
    (2) Description and duration of all periods when the gas stream was 
diverted from the control device or treatment system through a bypass 
line or the indication of bypass flow as specified under Sec.  
62.16722.
    (3) Description and duration of all periods when the control device 
or treatment system was not operating and length of time the control 
device or treatment system was not operating.
    (4) All periods when the collection system was not operating.
    (5) The location of each exceedance of the 500 parts-per-million 
methane concentration as provided in Sec.  62.16716(d) and the 
concentration recorded at each location for which an exceedance was 
recorded in the previous month. For location, you must determine the 
latitude and longitude coordinates using an instrument with an accuracy 
of at least 4 meters. The coordinates must be in decimal degrees with 
at least five decimal places.
    (6) The date of installation and the location of each well or 
collection system expansion added pursuant to Sec.  62.16720(a)(3), 
(4), (b), and (c)(4).
    (7) For any corrective action analysis for which corrective actions 
are required in Sec.  62.16720(a)(3) or (4) and that take more than 60 
days to correct the exceedance, the root cause analysis conducted, 
including a description of the recommended corrective action(s), the 
date for corrective action(s) already completed following the positive 
pressure or elevated temperature reading, and, for action(s) not 
already completed, a schedule for implementation, including proposed 
commencement and completion dates.
    (i) Initial performance test report. Each owner or operator seeking 
to comply with Sec.  62.16714(c) must include the following information 
with the initial performance test report required under 40 CFR 60.8 of 
this chapter:
    (1) A diagram of the collection system showing collection system 
positioning including all wells, horizontal collectors, surface 
collectors, or other gas extraction devices, including the locations of 
any areas excluded from collection and the proposed sites for the 
future collection system expansion;
    (2) The data upon which the sufficient density of wells, horizontal 
collectors, surface collectors, or other gas

[[Page 27783]]

extraction devices and the gas mover equipment sizing are based;
    (3) The documentation of the presence of asbestos or nondegradable 
material for each area from which collection wells have been excluded 
based on the presence of asbestos or nondegradable material;
    (4) The sum of the gas generation flow rates for all areas from 
which collection wells have been excluded based on nonproductivity and 
the calculations of gas generation flow rate for each excluded area;
    (5) The provisions for increasing gas mover equipment capacity with 
increased gas generation flow rate, if the present gas mover equipment 
is inadequate to move the maximum flow rate expected over the life of 
the landfill; and
    (6) The provisions for the control of off-site migration.
    (j) Electronic reporting. The owner or operator must submit reports 
electronically according to paragraphs (j)(1) and (2) of this section.
    (1) Within 60 days after the date of completing each performance 
test (as defined in 40 CFR 60.8 of this chapter), the owner or operator 
must submit the results of each performance test according to the 
following procedures:
    (i) For data collected using test methods supported by the EPA's 
Electronic Reporting Tool (ERT) as listed on the EPA's ERT website 
(https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/chief/ert/ert_info.html) at the time of the 
test, you must submit the results of the performance test to the EPA 
via the Compliance and Emissions Data Reporting Interface (CEDRI). The 
CEDRI can be accessed through the EPA's CDX (https://cdx.epa.gov/). 
Performance test data must be submitted in a file format generated 
through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternative file format 
consistent with the extensible markup language (XML) schema listed on 
the EPA's ERT website, once the XML schema is available. If you claim 
that some of the performance test information being submitted is 
confidential business information (CBI), you must submit a complete 
file generated through the use of the EPA's ERT or an alternate 
electronic file consistent with the XML schema listed on the EPA's ERT 
website, including information claimed to be CBI, on a compact disc, 
flash drive, or other commonly used electronic storage media to the 
EPA. The electronic media must be clearly marked as CBI and mailed to 
U.S. EPA/OAQPS/CORE CBI Office, Attention: Group Leader, Measurement 
Policy Group, MD C404-02, 4930 Old Page Rd., Durham, NC 27703. The same 
ERT or alternate file with the CBI omitted must be submitted to the EPA 
via the EPA's CDX as described earlier in this paragraph.
    (ii) For data collected using test methods that are not supported 
by the EPA's ERT as listed on the EPA's ERT website at the time of the 
test, you must submit the results of the performance test to the 
Administrator at the appropriate address listed in 40 CFR 60.4 of this 
chapter.
    (2) Each owner or operator required to submit reports following the 
procedure specified in this paragraph must submit reports to the EPA 
via the CEDRI (CEDRI can be accessed through the EPA's CDX). The owner 
or operator must use the appropriate electronic report in CEDRI for 
this subpart or an alternate electronic file format consistent with the 
XML schema listed on the CEDRI website (https://www3.epa.gov/ttn/chief/cedri/index.html). If the reporting form specific to this subpart is 
not available in CEDRI at the time that the report is due, the owner or 
operator must submit the report to the Administrator at the appropriate 
address listed in 40 CFR 60.4 of this chapter. Once the form has been 
available in CEDRI for 90 calendar days, the owner or operator must 
begin submitting all subsequent reports via CEDRI. The reports must be 
submitted by the deadlines specified in this subpart, regardless of the 
method in which the reports are submitted.
    (k) Corrective action and the corresponding timeline. The owner or 
operator must submit according to paragraphs (k)(1) and (2) of this 
section. If complying with the operational provisions of 40 CFR 
63.1958, 63.1960, and 63.1961 of this chapter, as allowed at Sec. Sec.  
62.16716, 62.16720, and 62.16722, the owner or operator must follow the 
corrective action and the corresponding timeline reporting requirements 
in Sec.  63.1981(j) of this chapter in lieu of paragraphs (k)(1) and 
(2) of this section.
    (1) For corrective action that is required according to Sec.  
62.16720(a)(3)(iii) or 62.16720(a)(4)(iii) and is expected to take 
longer than 120 days after the initial exceedance to complete, you must 
submit the root cause analysis, corrective action analysis, and 
corresponding implementation timeline to the Administrator as soon as 
practicable but no later than 75 days after the first measurement of 
positive pressure or temperature monitoring value of 55 degrees Celsius 
(131 degrees Fahrenheit) or above. The Administrator must approve the 
plan for corrective action and the corresponding timeline.
    (2) For corrective action that is required according to Sec.  
62.16720(a)(3)(iii) or Sec.  62.16720(a)(4)(iii) and is not completed 
within 60 days after the initial exceedance, you must submit a 
notification to the Administrator as soon as practicable but no later 
than 75 days after the first measurement of positive pressure or 
temperature exceedance.
    (l) Liquids addition. The owner or operator of a designated 
facility with a design capacity equal to or greater than 2.5 million 
megagrams and 2.5 million cubic meters that has employed leachate 
recirculation or added liquids based on a Research, Development, and 
Demonstration permit (issued through Resource Conservation and Recovery 
Act (RCRA), subtitle D, part 258) within the last 10 years must submit 
to the Administrator, annually, following the procedure specified in 
paragraph (j)(2) of this section, the following information:
    (1) Volume of leachate recirculated (gallons per year) and the 
reported basis of those estimates (records or engineering estimates).
    (2) Total volume of all other liquids added (gallons per year) and 
the reported basis of those estimates (records or engineering 
estimates).
    (3) Surface area (acres) over which the leachate is recirculated 
(or otherwise applied).
    (4) Surface area (acres) over which any other liquids are applied.
    (5) The total waste disposed (megagrams) in the areas with 
recirculated leachate and/or added liquids based on on-site records to 
the extent data are available, or engineering estimates and the 
reported basis of those estimates.
    (6) The annual waste acceptance rates (megagrams per year) in the 
areas with recirculated leachate and/or added liquids, based on on-site 
records to the extent data are available, or engineering estimates.
    (7) The initial report must contain items in paragraph (l)(1) 
through (6) of this section per year for the most recent 365 days as 
well as for each of the previous 10 years, to the extent historical 
data are available in on-site records, and the report must be submitted 
no later than June 21, 2022.
    (8) Subsequent annual reports must contain items in paragraph 
(l)(1) through (6) of this section for the 365-day period following the 
365-day period included in the previous annual report, and the report 
must be submitted no later than 365 days after the date the previous 
report was submitted.
    (9) Landfills in the closed landfill subcategory are exempt from 
reporting

[[Page 27784]]

requirements contained in paragraphs (l)(1) through (7) of this 
section.
    (10) Landfills may cease annual reporting of items in paragraphs 
(l)(1) through (6) of this section once they have submitted the closure 
report in Sec.  62.16724(f).
    (m) Tier 4 notification. (1) The owner or operator of a designated 
facility with a design capacity equal to or greater than 2.5 million 
megagrams and 2.5 million cubic meters must provide a notification of 
the date(s) upon which it intends to demonstrate site-specific surface 
methane emissions are below 500 parts-per-million methane, based on the 
Tier 4 provisions of Sec.  62.16718(a)(6). The landfill must also 
include a description of the wind barrier to be used during the SEM in 
the notification. Notification must be postmarked not less than 30 days 
prior to such date.
    (2) If there is a delay to the scheduled Tier 4 SEM date due to 
weather conditions, including not meeting the wind requirements in 
Sec.  62.16718(a)(6)(A), the owner or operator of a landfill shall 
notify the Administrator by email or telephone no later than 48 hours 
before any known delay in the original test date, and arrange an 
updated date with the Administrator by mutual agreement.
    (n) Notification of meeting Tier 4. The owner or operator of a 
designated facility must submit a notification to the EPA Regional 
office within 10 business days of completing each increment of 
progress. Each notification must indicate which increment of progress 
specified in Sec.  62.16712 has been achieved. The notification must be 
signed by the owner or operator of the landfill.
    (1) For the first increment of progress (submit control plan), you 
must follow paragraph (p) of this section in addition to submitting the 
notification described in paragraph (n) of this section. A copy of the 
design plan must also be kept on site at the landfill.
    (2) For the second increment of progress, a signed copy of the 
contract(s) awarded must be submitted in addition to the notification 
described in paragraph (n) of this section.
    (o) Notification of failing to meet an increment of progress. The 
owner or operator of a designated facility who fails to meet any 
increment of progress specified in Sec.  62.16712(a)(1) through (5) 
according to the applicable schedule in Sec.  62.16712 must submit 
notification that the owner or operator failed to meet the increment to 
the EPA Regional office within 10 business days of the applicable date 
in Sec.  62.16712.
    (p) Alternate dates for increments 2 and 3. The owner or operator 
(or the state or tribal air pollution control authority) that is 
submitting alternative dates for increments 2 and 3 according to Sec.  
62.16712(d) must do so by the date specified for submitting the final 
control plan. The date for submitting the final control plan is 
specified in Sec.  62.16712(c), as applicable. The owner or operator 
(or the state or tribal air pollution control authority) must submit a 
justification if any of the alternative dates are later than the 
increment dates in table 1 of this subpart. In addition to submitting 
the alternative dates to the appropriate EPA Regional office, the owner 
or operator must also submit the alternative dates to the state or 
tribe.
    (q) 24-hour high temperature report. Each owner or operator that 
chooses to comply with the provisions in Sec. Sec.  63.1958, 63.1960, 
and 63.1961 of this chapter, as allowed in Sec. Sec.  62.16716, 
62.16720, and 62.16722, must submit the 24-hour high temperature report 
according to Sec.  63.1981(k) of this chapter.


Sec.  62.16726  Recordkeeping guidelines.

    Follow the recordkeeping provisions in this section.
    (a) Except as provided in Sec.  62.16724(d)(2), each owner or 
operator of an MSW landfill subject to the provisions of Sec.  
62.16714(e) must keep for at least 5 years up-to-date, readily 
accessible, on-site records of the design capacity report that 
triggered Sec.  62.16714(e), the current amount of solid waste in-
place, and the year-by-year waste acceptance rate. Off-site records may 
be maintained if they are retrievable within 4 hours. Either paper copy 
or electronic formats are acceptable.
    (b) Except as provided in Sec.  62.16724(d)(2), each owner or 
operator of a controlled landfill must keep up-to-date, readily 
accessible records for the life of the control system equipment of the 
data listed in paragraphs (b)(1) through (5) of this section as 
measured during the initial performance test or compliance 
determination. Records of subsequent tests or monitoring must be 
maintained for a minimum of 5 years. Records of the control device 
vendor specifications must be maintained until removal.
    (1) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this 
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec.  62.16714(b):
    (i) The maximum expected gas generation flow rate as calculated in 
Sec.  62.16720(a)(1). The owner or operator may use another method to 
determine the maximum gas generation flow rate, if the method has been 
approved by the Administrator.
    (ii) The density of wells, horizontal collectors, surface 
collectors, or other gas extraction devices determined using the 
procedures specified in Sec.  62.16728(a)(1).
    (2) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this 
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec.  62.16714(c) through 
use of an enclosed combustion device other than a boiler or process 
heater with a design heat input capacity equal to or greater than 44 
megawatts:
    (i) The average temperature measured at least every 15 minutes and 
averaged over the same time period of the performance test.
    (ii) The percent reduction of NMOC determined as specified in Sec.  
62.16714(c)(2) achieved by the control device.
    (3) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this 
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec.  62.16714(c)(2)(i) 
through use of a boiler or process heater of any size: A description of 
the location at which the collected gas vent stream is introduced into 
the boiler or process heater over the same time period of the 
performance testing.
    (4) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this 
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec.  62.16714(c)(1) 
through use of a non-enclosed flare, the flare type (i.e., steam-
assisted, air-assisted, or non-assisted), all visible emission 
readings, heat content determination, flow rate or bypass flow rate 
measurements, and exit velocity determinations made during the 
performance test as specified in 40 CFR 60.18 of this chapter; and 
continuous records of the flare pilot flame or flare flame monitoring 
and records of all periods of operations during which the pilot flame 
or the flare flame is absent.
    (5) Where an owner or operator subject to the provisions of this 
subpart seeks to demonstrate compliance with Sec.  62.16714(c)(3) 
through use of a landfill gas treatment system:
    (i) Bypass records. Records of the flow of landfill gas to, and 
bypass of, the treatment system.
    (ii) Site-specific treatment monitoring plan. A site-specific 
treatment monitoring plan, to include:
    (A) Monitoring records of parameters that are identified in the 
treatment system monitoring plan and that ensure the treatment system 
is operating properly for each intended end use of the treated landfill 
gas. At a minimum, records should include records of filtration, de-
watering, and compression parameters that ensure the treatment system 
is operating properly for each

[[Page 27785]]

intended end use of the treated landfill gas.
    (B) Monitoring methods, frequencies, and operating ranges for each 
monitored operating parameter based on manufacturer's recommendations 
or engineering analysis for each intended end use of the treated 
landfill gas.
    (C) Documentation of the monitoring methods and ranges, along with 
justification for their use.
    (D) Identify who is responsible (by job title) for data collection.
    (E) Processes and methods used to collect the necessary data.
    (F) Description of the procedures and methods that are used for 
quality assurance, maintenance, and repair of all continuous monitoring 
systems.
    (c) Except as provided in Sec.  62.16724(d)(2), each owner or 
operator of a controlled landfill subject to the provisions of this 
subpart must keep for 5 years up-to-date, readily accessible continuous 
records of the equipment operating parameters specified to be monitored 
in Sec.  62.16722 as well as up-to-date, readily accessible records for 
periods of operation during which the parameter boundaries established 
during the most recent performance test are exceeded.
    (1) The following constitute exceedances that must be recorded and 
reported under Sec.  62.16724:
    (i) For enclosed combustors except for boilers and process heaters 
with design heat input capacity of 44 megawatts (150 million British 
thermal unit per hour) or greater, all 3-hour periods of operation 
during which the average temperature was more than 28 degrees Celsius 
(82 degrees Fahrenheit) below the average combustion temperature during 
the most recent performance test at which compliance with Sec.  
62.16714(c) was determined.
    (ii) For boilers or process heaters, whenever there is a change in 
the location at which the vent stream is introduced into the flame zone 
as required under paragraph (b)(3) of this section.
    (2) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this 
subpart must keep up-to-date, readily accessible continuous records of 
the indication of flow to the control system and the indication of 
bypass flow or records of monthly inspections of car-seals or lock-and-
key configurations used to seal bypass lines, specified under Sec.  
62.16722.
    (3) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this 
subpart who uses a boiler or process heater with a design heat input 
capacity of 44 megawatts or greater to comply with Sec.  62.16714(c) 
must keep an up-to-date, readily accessible record of all periods of 
operation of the boiler or process heater. Examples of such records 
could include records of steam use, fuel use, or monitoring data 
collected pursuant to other state, local, tribal, or Federal regulatory 
requirements.
    (4) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with the provisions of 
this subpart by use of a non-enclosed flare must keep up-to-date, 
readily accessible continuous records of the flame or flare pilot flame 
monitoring specified under Sec.  62.16722(c), and up-to-date, readily 
accessible records of all periods of operation in which the flame or 
flare pilot flame is absent.
    (5) Each owner or operator of a landfill seeking to comply with 
Sec.  62.16714(e) using an active collection system designed in 
accordance with Sec.  62.16714(b) must keep records of periods when the 
collection system or control device is not operating.
    (d) Except as provided in Sec.  62.16724(d)(2), each owner or 
operator subject to the provisions of this subpart must keep for the 
life of the collection system an up-to-date, readily accessible plot 
map showing each existing and planned collector in the system and 
providing a unique identification location label on each collector that 
matches the labeling on the plot map.
    (1) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this 
subpart must keep up-to-date, readily accessible records of the 
installation date and location of all newly installed collectors as 
specified under Sec.  62.16720(b).
    (2) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this 
subpart must keep readily accessible documentation of the nature, date 
of deposition, amount, and location of asbestos-containing or 
nondegradable waste excluded from collection as provided in Sec.  
62.16728(a)(3)(i) as well as any nonproductive areas excluded from 
collection as provided in Sec.  62.16728(a)(3)(ii).
    (e) Except as provided in Sec.  62.16724(d)(2), each owner or 
operator subject to the provisions of this subpart must keep for at 
least 5 years up-to-date, readily accessible records of the items in 
paragraphs (e)(1) through (5) of this section. Each owner or operator 
that chooses to comply with the provisions in Sec. Sec.  63.1958, 
63.1960, and 63.1961 of this chapter, as allowed in Sec. Sec.  
62.16716, 62.16720, and 62.16722, must keep the records in paragraph 
(e)(6) of this section and must keep records according to Sec.  
63.1983(e)(1) through (5) of this chapter in lieu of paragraphs (e)(1) 
through (5) of this section.
    (1) All collection and control system exceedances of the 
operational standards in Sec.  62.16716, the reading in the subsequent 
month whether or not the second reading is an exceedance, and the 
location of each exceedance.
    (2) Each owner or operator subject to the provisions of this 
subpart must also keep records of each wellhead temperature monitoring 
value of 55 degrees Celsius (131 degrees Fahrenheit) or above, each 
wellhead nitrogen level at or above 20 percent, and each wellhead 
oxygen level at or above 5 percent.
    (3) For any root cause analysis for which corrective actions are 
required in Sec.  62.16720(a)(3) or Sec.  62.16720(a)(4), keep a record 
of the root cause analysis conducted, including a description of the 
recommended corrective action(s) taken, and the date(s) the corrective 
action(s) were completed.
    (4) For any root cause analysis for which corrective actions are 
required in Sec.  62.16720(a)(3)(ii) or Sec.  62.16720(a)(4)(ii), keep 
a record of the root cause analysis conducted, the corrective action 
analysis, the date for corrective action(s) already completed following 
the positive pressure reading or high temperature reading, and, for 
action(s) not already completed, a schedule for implementation, 
including proposed commencement and completion dates.
    (5) For any root cause analysis for which corrective actions are 
required in Sec.  62.16720(a)(3)(iii) or Sec.  62.16720(a)(4)(iii), 
keep a record of the root cause analysis conducted, the corrective 
action analysis, the date for corrective action(s) already completed 
following the positive pressure reading or high temperature reading, 
for action(s) not already completed, a schedule for implementation, 
including proposed commencement and completion dates, and a copy of any 
comments or final approval on the corrective action analysis or 
schedule from the regulatory agency.
    (6) Each owner or operator that chooses to comply with the 
provisions in Sec. Sec.  63.1958, 63.1960, and 63.1961 of this chapter, 
as allowed in Sec. Sec.  62.16716, 62.16720, and 62.16722, must keep 
records of the date upon which the owner or operator started complying 
with the provisions in Sec. Sec.  63.1958, 63.1960, and 63.1961 of this 
chapter.
    (f) Landfill owners or operators who convert design capacity from 
volume to mass or mass to volume to demonstrate that landfill design 
capacity is less than 2.5 million megagrams or 2.5 million cubic 
meters, as provided in the definition of ``design capacity,'' must keep 
readily accessible, on-site records of the annual recalculation of 
site-specific density, design capacity, and

[[Page 27786]]

the supporting documentation. Off-site records may be maintained if 
they are retrievable within 4 hours. Either paper copy or electronic 
formats are acceptable.
    (g) Landfill owners or operators seeking to demonstrate that site-
specific surface methane emissions are below 500 parts-per-million by 
conducting SEM under the Tier 4 procedures specified in Sec.  
62.16718(a)(6) must keep for at least 5 years up-to-date, readily 
accessible records of all SEM and information related to monitoring 
instrument calibrations conducted according to sections 8 and 10 of EPA 
Method 21 of appendix A-7 of 40 CFR part 60 of this chapter, including 
all of the following items:
    (1) Calibration records.
    (i) Date of calibration and initials of operator performing the 
calibration.
    (ii) Calibration gas cylinder identification, certification date, 
and certified concentration.
    (iii) Instrument scale(s) used.
    (iv) A description of any corrective action taken if the meter 
readout could not be adjusted to correspond to the calibration gas 
value.
    (v) If an owner or operator makes their own calibration gas, a 
description of the procedure used.
    (2) Digital photographs of the instrument setup. The photographs 
must be time and date-stamped and taken at the first sampling location 
prior to sampling and at the last sampling location after sampling at 
the end of each sampling day, for the duration of the Tier 4 monitoring 
demonstration.
    (3) Timestamp of each surface scan reading.
    (i) Timestamp should be detailed to the nearest second, based on 
when the sample collection begins.
    (ii) A log for the length of time each sample was taken using a 
stopwatch (e.g., the time the probe was held over the area).
    (4) Location of each surface scan reading. The owner or operator 
must determine the coordinates using an instrument with an accuracy of 
at least 4 meters. Coordinates must be in decimal degrees with at least 
five decimal places.
    (5) Monitored methane concentration (parts per million) of each 
reading.
    (6) Background methane concentration (parts per million) after each 
instrument calibration test.
    (7) Adjusted methane concentration using most recent calibration 
(parts-per-million).
    (8) For readings taken at each surface penetration, the unique 
identification location label matching the label specified in paragraph 
(d) of this section.
    (9) Records of the operating hours of the gas collection system for 
each destruction device.
    (h) Except as provided in Sec.  62.16724(d)(2), each owner or 
operator subject to the provisions of this subpart must keep for at 
least 5 years up-to-date, readily accessible records of all collection 
and control system monitoring data for parameters measured in Sec.  
62.16722(a)(1), (2), and (3).
    (i) Any records required to be maintained by this subpart that are 
submitted electronically via the EPA's CDX may be maintained in 
electronic format.
    (j) For each owner or operator reporting leachate or other liquids 
addition under Sec.  62.16724(l), keep records of any engineering 
calculations or company records used to estimate the quantities of 
leachate or liquids added, the surface areas for which the leachate or 
liquids were applied, and the estimates of annual waste acceptance or 
total waste in place in the areas where leachate or liquids were 
applied.


Sec.  62.16728  Specifications for active collection systems.

    Follow the specifications for active collection systems in this 
section.
    (a) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with Sec.  62.16714(b) 
must site active collection wells, horizontal collectors, surface 
collectors, or other extraction devices at a sufficient density 
throughout all gas producing areas using the following procedures 
unless alternative procedures have been approved by the Administrator.
    (1) The collection devices within the interior must be certified to 
achieve comprehensive control of surface gas emissions by a 
professional engineer. The following issues must be addressed in the 
design: Depths of refuse, refuse gas generation rates and flow 
characteristics, cover properties, gas system expandability, leachate 
and condensate management, accessibility, compatibility with filling 
operations, integration with closure end use, air intrusion control, 
corrosion resistance, fill settlement, resistance to the refuse 
decomposition heat, and ability to isolate individual components or 
sections for repair or troubleshooting without shutting down entire 
collection system.
    (2) The sufficient density of gas collection devices determined in 
paragraph (a)(1) of this section must address landfill gas migration 
issues and augmentation of the collection system through the use of 
active or passive systems at the landfill perimeter or exterior.
    (3) The placement of gas collection devices determined in paragraph 
(a)(1) of this section must control all gas producing areas, except as 
provided by paragraphs (a)(3)(i) and (ii) of this section.
    (i) Any segregated area of asbestos or nondegradable material may 
be excluded from collection if documented as provided under Sec.  
62.16726(d). The documentation must provide the nature, date of 
deposition, location and amount of asbestos or nondegradable material 
deposited in the area, and must be provided to the Administrator upon 
request.
    (ii) Any nonproductive area of the landfill may be excluded from 
control, provided that the total of all excluded areas can be shown to 
contribute less than 1 percent of the total amount of NMOC emissions 
from the landfill. The amount, location, and age of the material must 
be documented and provided to the Administrator upon request. A 
separate NMOC emissions estimate must be made for each section proposed 
for exclusion, and the sum of all such sections must be compared to the 
NMOC emissions estimate for the entire landfill.
    (A) The NMOC emissions from each section proposed for exclusion 
must be computed using Equation 7:

[[Page 27787]]

[GRAPHIC] [TIFF OMITTED] TR21MY21.010

Where:

Qi = NMOC emission rate from the ith section, megagrams 
per year.
k = Methane generation rate constant, year -\1\.
Lo = Methane generation potential, cubic meters per 
megagram solid waste.
Mi = Mass of the degradable solid waste in the ith 
section, megagram.
ti = Age of the solid waste in the ith section, years.
CNMOC = Concentration of NMOC, parts-per-million by 
volume.
3.6 x 10-\9\ = Conversion factor.

    (B) If the owner or operator is proposing to exclude, or cease gas 
collection and control from, nonproductive physically separated (e.g., 
separately lined) closed areas that already have gas collection 
systems, NMOC emissions from each physically separated closed area must 
be computed using either Equation 3 in Sec.  62.16718 or Equation 7 in 
paragraph (a)(3)(ii)(A) of this section.
    (iii) The values for k and CNMOC determined in field 
testing must be used if field testing has been performed in determining 
the NMOC emission rate or the radii of influence (the distance from the 
well center to a point in the landfill where the pressure gradient 
applied by the blower or compressor approaches zero). If field testing 
has not been performed, the default values for k, Lo, and 
CNMOC provided in Sec.  62.16718 or the alternative values 
from Sec.  62.16718 must be used. The mass of nondegradable solid waste 
contained within the given section may be subtracted from the total 
mass of the section when estimating emissions provided the nature, 
location, age, and amount of the nondegradable material is documented 
as provided in paragraph (a)(3)(i) of this section.
    (b) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with Sec.  62.16714(b) 
must construct the gas collection devices using the following equipment 
or procedures:
    (1) The landfill gas extraction components must be constructed of 
polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe, 
fiberglass, stainless steel, or other nonporous corrosion resistant 
material of suitable dimensions to: Convey projected amounts of gases; 
withstand installation, static, and settlement forces; and withstand 
planned overburden or traffic loads. The collection system must extend 
as necessary to comply with emission and migration standards. 
Collection devices such as wells and horizontal collectors must be 
perforated to allow gas entry without head loss sufficient to impair 
performance across the intended extent of control. Perforations must be 
situated with regard to the need to prevent excessive air infiltration.
    (2) Vertical wells must be placed so as not to endanger underlying 
liners and must address the occurrence of water within the landfill. 
Holes and trenches constructed for piped wells and horizontal 
collectors must be of sufficient cross-section so as to allow for their 
proper construction and completion including, for example, centering of 
pipes and placement of gravel backfill. Collection devices must be 
designed so as not to allow indirect short circuiting of air into the 
cover or refuse into the collection system or gas into the air. Any 
gravel used around pipe perforations should be of a dimension so as not 
to penetrate or block perforations.
    (3) Collection devices may be connected to the collection header 
pipes below or above the landfill surface. The connector assembly must 
include a positive closing throttle valve, any necessary seals and 
couplings, access couplings and at least one sampling port. The 
collection devices must be constructed of PVC, HDPE, fiberglass, 
stainless steel, or other nonporous material of suitable thickness.
    (c) Each owner or operator seeking to comply with Sec.  62.16714(c) 
must convey the landfill gas to a control system in compliance with 
Sec.  62.16714(c) through the collection header pipe(s). The gas mover 
equipment must be sized to handle the maximum gas generation flow rate 
expected over the intended use period of the gas moving equipment using 
the following procedures:
    (1) For existing collection systems, the flow data must be used to 
project the maximum flow rate. If no flow data exist, the procedures in 
paragraph (c)(2) of this section must be used.
    (2) For new collection systems, the maximum flow rate must be in 
accordance with Sec.  62.16720(a)(1).


Sec.  62.16730   Definitions.

    Terms used but not defined in this subpart have the meaning given 
them in the Clean Air Act and in subparts A and B of 40 CFR part 60 of 
this chapter.
    Achieve final compliance means to connect and operate the 
collection and control system as specified in the final control plan. 
Within 180 days after the date the landfill is required to achieve 
final compliance, the initial performance test must be conducted.
    Active collection system means a gas collection system that uses 
gas mover equipment.
    Active landfill means a landfill in which solid waste is being 
placed or a landfill that is planned to accept waste in the future.
    Administrator means the Administrator of the U.S. Environmental 
Protection Agency or his/her authorized representative or the 
Administrator of a state air pollution control agency.
    Award contract means the MSW landfill owner or operator enters into 
legally binding agreements or contractual obligations that cannot be 
canceled or modified without substantial financial loss to the MSW 
landfill owner or operator. The MSW landfill owner or operator may 
award a number of contracts to install the collection and control 
system. To meet this increment of progress, the MSW landfill owner or 
operator must award a contract or contracts to initiate on-site 
construction or installation of the collection and control system.
    Closed landfill means a landfill in which solid waste is no longer 
being placed, and in which no additional solid wastes will be placed 
without first filing a notification of modification as prescribed under 
40 CFR 60.7(a)(4) of this chapter. Once a notification of modification 
has been filed, and additional solid waste is placed in the landfill, 
the landfill is no longer closed.
    Closed area means a separately lined area of an MSW landfill in 
which solid waste is no longer being placed. If additional solid waste 
is placed in that area of the landfill, that landfill area is no longer 
closed. The area must be separately lined to ensure that the landfill 
gas does not migrate between open and closed areas.
    Closed landfill subcategory means a closed landfill that has 
submitted a closure report as specified in Sec.  62.16724(f) on or 
before September 27, 2017.
    Closure means that point in time when a landfill becomes a closed 
landfill.
    Commercial solid waste means all types of solid waste generated by 
stores, offices, restaurants, warehouses, and other nonmanufacturing 
activities, excluding residential and industrial wastes.
    Complete on-site construction means that all necessary collection 
system components and air pollution control devices identified in the 
final control

[[Page 27788]]

plan are on site, in place, and ready for operation.
    Controlled landfill means any landfill at which collection and 
control systems are required under this subpart as a result of the NMOC 
emission rate. The landfill is considered controlled at the time a 
collection and control system design plan is prepared in compliance 
with Sec.  62.16714(e)(2). Controlled landfills also includes those 
landfills that meet the definition of legacy controlled landfills, as 
defined in this subpart.
    Corrective action analysis means a description of all reasonable 
interim and long-term measures, if any, that are available, and an 
explanation of why the selected corrective action(s) is/are the best 
alternative(s), including, but not limited to, considerations of cost 
effectiveness, technical feasibility, safety, and secondary impacts.
    Design capacity means the maximum amount of solid waste a landfill 
can accept, as indicated in terms of volume or mass in the most recent 
permit issued by the state, local, or tribal agency responsible for 
regulating the landfill, plus any in-place waste not accounted for in 
the most recent permit. If the owner or operator chooses to convert the 
design capacity from volume to mass or from mass to volume to 
demonstrate its design capacity is less than 2.5 million megagrams or 
2.5 million cubic meters, the calculation must include a site-specific 
density, which must be recalculated annually.
    Disposal facility means all contiguous land and structures, other 
appurtenances, and improvements on the land used for the disposal of 
solid waste.
    Emission rate cutoff means the threshold annual emission rate to 
which a landfill compares its estimated emission rate to determine if 
control under the regulation is required.
    Enclosed combustor means an enclosed firebox which maintains a 
relatively constant limited peak temperature generally using a limited 
supply of combustion air. An enclosed flare is considered an enclosed 
combustor.
    EPA approved state plan means a state plan that EPA has approved 
based on the requirements in 40 CFR part 60, subpart B or Ba to 
implement and enforce 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cf. An approved state 
plan becomes effective on the date specified in the document published 
in the Federal Register announcing EPA's approval.
    Flare means an open combustor without enclosure or shroud.
    Final control plan (Collection and control system design plan) 
means a plan that describes the collection and control system that will 
capture the gas generated within an MSW landfill. The collection and 
control system design plan must be prepared by a professional engineer 
and must describe a collection and control system that meets the 
requirements of Sec.  62.1614(b) and (c). The final control plan must 
contain engineering specifications and drawings of the collection and 
control system. The final control plan must include any alternatives to 
the operational standards, test methods, procedures, compliance 
measures, monitoring, recordkeeping, or reporting provisions of 
Sec. Sec.  62.16716 through 62.16726 proposed by the owner or operator. 
The final control plan must either conform with the specifications for 
active collection systems in Sec.  62.16728 or include a demonstration 
that shows that based on the size of the landfill and the amount of 
waste expected to be accepted, the system is sized properly to collect 
the gas, control emissions of NMOC to the required level and meet the 
operational standards for a landfill.
    Gas mover equipment means the equipment (i.e., fan, blower, 
compressor) used to transport landfill gas through the header system.
    Gust means the highest instantaneous wind speed that occurs over a 
3-second running average.
    Indian Country means all land within the limits of any Indian 
reservation under the jurisdiction of the United States government, 
notwithstanding the issuance of any patent, and including rights-of-way 
running through the reservation; all dependent Indian communities 
within the borders of the United States whether within the original or 
subsequently acquired territory thereof, and whether within or without 
the limits of a state; and all Indian allotments, the Indian titles to 
which have not been extinguished, including rights-of-way running 
through the same.
    Initiate on-site construction means to begin any of the following: 
Installation of the collection and control system to be used to comply 
with the emission limits as outlined in the final control plan; 
physical preparation necessary for the installation of the collection 
and control system to be used to comply with the final emission limits 
as outlined in the final control plan; or, alteration of an existing 
collection and control system to be used to comply with the final 
emission limits as outlined in the final control plan.
    Household waste means any solid waste (including garbage, trash, 
and sanitary waste in septic tanks) derived from households (including, 
but not limited to, single and multiple residences, hotels and motels, 
bunkhouses, ranger stations, crew quarters, campgrounds, picnic 
grounds, and day-use recreation areas). Household waste does not 
include fully segregated yard waste. Segregated yard waste means 
vegetative matter resulting exclusively from the cutting of grass, the 
pruning and/or removal of bushes, shrubs, and trees, the weeding of 
gardens, and other landscaping maintenance activities. Household waste 
does not include construction, renovation, or demolition wastes, even 
if originating from a household.
    Industrial solid waste means solid waste generated by manufacturing 
or industrial processes that is not a hazardous waste regulated under 
Subtitle C of the RCRA, parts 264 and 265 of this chapter. Such waste 
may include, but is not limited to, waste resulting from the following 
manufacturing processes: Electric power generation; fertilizer/
agricultural chemicals; food and related products/by-products; 
inorganic chemicals; iron and steel manufacturing; leather and leather 
products; nonferrous metals manufacturing/foundries; organic chemicals; 
plastics and resins manufacturing; pulp and paper industry; rubber and 
miscellaneous plastic products; stone, glass, clay, and concrete 
products; textile manufacturing; transportation equipment; and water 
treatment. This term does not include mining waste or oil and gas 
waste.
    Interior well means any well or similar collection component 
located inside the perimeter of the landfill waste. A perimeter well 
located outside the landfilled waste is not an interior well.
    Landfill means an area of land or an excavation in which wastes are 
placed for permanent disposal, and that is not a land application unit, 
surface impoundment, injection well, or waste pile as those terms are 
defined under Sec.  257.2 of this title.
    Lateral expansion means a horizontal expansion of the waste 
boundaries of an existing MSW landfill. A lateral expansion is not a 
modification unless it results in an increase in the design capacity of 
the landfill.
    Leachate recirculation means the practice of taking the leachate 
collected from the landfill and reapplying it to the landfill by any of 
one of a variety of methods, including pre-wetting of the waste, direct 
discharge into the working face, spraying, infiltration ponds, vertical 
injection wells, horizontal gravity distribution systems, and pressure 
distribution systems.

[[Page 27789]]

    Legacy controlled landfill means any MSW landfill subject to this 
subpart that submitted a collection and control system design plan 
prior to May 21, 2021 in compliance with Sec.  60.752(b)(2)(i) of this 
chapter, the Federal plan at subpart GGG of this part, or a state/
tribal plan implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc of this chapter, 
depending on which regulation was applicable to the landfill. This 
definition applies to those landfills that completed construction and 
began operations of the GCCS and those that are within the 30-month 
timeline for installation and start-up of a GCCS according to Sec.  
60.752(b)(2)(ii) of this chapter, the Federal plan at subpart GGG of 
this part, or a state/tribal plan implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart 
Cc.
    Modification means an increase in the permitted volume design 
capacity of the landfill by either lateral or vertical expansion based 
on its permitted design capacity as of July 17, 2014. Modification does 
not occur until the owner or operator commences construction on the 
lateral or vertical expansion.
    Municipal solid waste landfill or MSW landfill means an entire 
disposal facility in a contiguous geographical space where household 
waste is placed in or on land. An MSW landfill may also receive other 
types of RCRA, Subtitle D wastes (Sec.  257.2 of this title) such as 
commercial solid waste, nonhazardous sludge, conditionally exempt small 
quantity generator waste, and industrial solid waste. Portions of an 
MSW landfill may be separated by access roads. An MSW landfill may be 
publicly or privately owned. An MSW landfill may be a new MSW landfill, 
an existing MSW landfill, or a lateral expansion.
    Municipal solid waste landfill emissions or MSW landfill emissions 
means gas generated by the decomposition of organic waste deposited in 
an MSW landfill or derived from the evolution of organic compounds in 
the waste.
    NMOC means nonmethane organic compounds, as measured according to 
the provisions of Sec.  62.16718.
    Negative declaration letter means a letter to EPA declaring that 
there are no existing MSW landfills in the state or that there are no 
existing MSW landfills in the state that must install collection and 
control systems according to the requirements of 40 CFR part 60, 
subpart Cf.
    Nondegradable waste means any waste that does not decompose through 
chemical breakdown or microbiological activity. Examples are, but are 
not limited to, concrete, municipal waste combustor ash, and metals.
    Passive collection system means a gas collection system that solely 
uses positive pressure within the landfill to move the gas rather than 
using gas mover equipment.
    Protectorate means American Samoa, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, 
the District of Columbia, Guam, the Northern Mariana Islands, and the 
Virgin Islands.
    Root cause analysis means an assessment conducted through a process 
of investigation to determine the primary cause, and any other 
contributing causes, of positive pressure at a wellhead.
    Sludge means the term sludge as defined in 40 CFR 258.2.
    Solid waste means the term solid waste as defined in 40 CFR 258.2.
    State means any of the 50 United States and the protectorates of 
the United States.
    State plan means a plan submitted pursuant to section 111(d) of the 
Clean Air Act and subpart B of part 60 of this chapter that implements 
and enforces subpart Cf of 40 CFR part 60 of this chapter.
    Sufficient density means any number, spacing, and combination of 
collection system components, including vertical wells, horizontal 
collectors, and surface collectors necessary to maintain emission and 
migration control as determined by measures of performance set forth in 
this part.
    Sufficient extraction rate means a rate sufficient to maintain a 
negative pressure at all wellheads in the collection system without 
causing air infiltration, including any wellheads connected to the 
system as a result of expansion or excess surface emissions, for the 
life of the blower.
    Treated landfill gas means landfill gas processed in a treatment 
system as defined in this subpart.
    Treatment system means a system that filters, de-waters, and 
compresses landfill gas for sale or beneficial use.
    Tribal plan means a plan submitted by a Tribal Authority pursuant 
to 40 CFR parts 9, 35, 49, 50, and 81 that implements and enforces 40 
CFR part 60, subpart Cf.
    Untreated landfill gas means any landfill gas that is not treated 
landfill gas.

            Table 1 to Subpart OOO of Part 62--Generic Compliance Schedule and Increments of Progress
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                   Date if using tiers 1, 2,                                Date if a legacy
            Increment                         or 3              Date if using tier 4       controlled landfill
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Increment 1--Submit cover page of  1 year after initial NMOC  1 year after the first    1 year after the first
 final control plan.                emission rate report or    measured concentration    NMOC emission rate
                                    the first annual           of methane of 500 parts   report or the first
                                    emission rate report       per million or greater    annual emission rate
                                    showing NMOC emissions     from the surface of the   report showing NMOC
                                    >=34 megagrams per         landfill.                 emissions >=50
                                    year.\1\.                                            megagrams per year
                                                                                         submitted under a
                                                                                         previous regulation.\2\
Increment 2--Award Contracts.....  20 months after initial    20 months after the most  20 months after the most
                                    NMOC emission rate         recent NMOC emission      recent NMOC emission
                                    report or the first        rate report showing       rate report showing
                                    annual emission rate       NMOC emissions >=34       NMOC emissions >=50
                                    report showing NMOC        megagrams per year.       megagrams per year
                                    emissions >=34 megagrams                             submitted under a
                                    per year.\1\.                                        previous regulation.\2\
Increment 3--Begin on-site         24 months after initial    24 months after the most  24 months after the most
 construction.                      NMOC emission rate         recent NMOC emission      recent NMOC emission
                                    report or the first        rate report showing       rate report showing
                                    annual emission rate       NMOC emissions >=34       NMOC emissions >=50
                                    report showing NMOC        megagrams per year.       megagrams per year
                                    emissions >=34 megagrams                             submitted under a
                                    per year.\1\.                                        previous regulation.\2\
Increment 4--Complete on-site      30 months after initial    30 months after the most  30 months after the
 construction.                      NMOC emission rate         recent NMOC emission      first NMOC emission
                                    report or the first        rate report showing       rate report or the
                                    annual emission rate       NMOC emissions >=34       first annual emission
                                    report showing NMOC        megagrams per year.       rate report showing
                                    emissions >=34 megagrams                             NMOC emissions >=50
                                    per year.\1\.                                        megagrams submitted
                                                                                         under a previous
                                                                                         regulation.

[[Page 27790]]

 
Increment 5--Final compliance....  30 months after initial    30 months after the most  30 months after the
                                    NMOC emission rate         recent NMOC emission      first NMOC emission
                                    report or the first        rate report showing       rate report or the
                                    annual emission rate       NMOC emissions >=34       first annual emission
                                    report showing NMOC        megagrams per year.       rate report showing
                                    emissions >=34 megagrams                             NMOC emissions >=50
                                    per year.\1\.                                        megagrams submitted
                                                                                         under a previous
                                                                                         regulation.\2\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ 50 megagrams per year NMOC for the closed landfill subcategory.
\2\ Previous regulation refers to 40 CFR part 60, subpart WWW; 40 CFR part 62, subpart GGG; or a state plan
  implementing 40 CFR part 60, subpart Cc. Increments of progress that have already been completed under
  previous regulations do not have to be completed again under this subpart.

[FR Doc. 2021-10109 Filed 5-20-21; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


