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	<p><strong>A. Practical Enforceability</strong> </p>
	<p>Each Title V permit condition must be practically enforceable. EPA’s primary
		guidance on practical enforceability is contained in <a href="t5_epa_guidance.htm">"Guidance
		on Limiting Potential to Emit in New Source Permitting," June 13, 1989</a> (Attachment 2). </p>
	<div align="center">		
			<table border="2" cellspacing="1" width="58%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" bordercolor="#000000">
				<tr>
					<td width="100%"><i><strong>Practical Enforceability Answers:
						WHO, WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, HOW & HOW OFTEN</strong></i></td>
				</tr>
			</table>		
	</div>
	<p> 1.  <u>No Calendar Year Limits</u></p>
	<p>Emission limits which require compliance on a calendar year basis are not practically
		enforceable. For long-term emission limitations to be practically enforceable, compliance
		must be determined, at a minimum, on a 12-month rolling sum basis. This means that each
		month the emissions of the current month + the 11 previous months are summed.</p>
	<p>When an emission or other limitation is expressed as a "12-month rolling
		total" (or a similar "rolled" limit), the permittee should be required to
		keep records of the emissions for each month <u>as well as</u> the calculation of the
		12-month rolling total of emissions for each month. This will enable an inspector to
		readily assess the source’s compliance status in any given month. </p>
	<p> <strong>NOTE:</strong></p>
	<table border="2" cellspacing="1" width="100%" bordercolor="#000000">
		<tr>
			<td width="100%">It is incorrect to say "12-month rolling <i>average</i>". There is no "averaging" because the limit is derived by <i>summing</i> the monthly emissions over the previous 12-months. Correct terminology includes
				"12-month rolling sum", "12-month rolling total", or "emissions
				shall not exceed <i>x</i> in any consecutive 12 month period." </td>
		</tr>
	</table>
	<p> 2.  <u>Operation of Control Equipment</u></p>
	<p> If a Title V permit requires the emissions from certain equipment to be
		controlled by a control device, there must also be an explicit permit condition to <u>operate</u> that control device. </p>
	<p> <strong>Example #18</strong></p>
	<table border="2" cellspacing="1" width="100%" bordercolor="#000000">
		<tr>
			<td width="100%">A Title V permit requires the emissions from
				a boiler to be controlled by an electrostatic precipitator (ESP). The permit must also
				require the source to operate the ESP whenever the boiler is in use. An example permit
				condition states:
				<blockquote>
					<p><i>The ESP shall be operated at any time Boiler #1 is in use.</i></p>
				</blockquote>
				<p>Additional permit conditions are necessary to govern specific requirements about
					operation and maintenance of the control device, as well as monitoring, recordkeeping and
					reporting to assure compliance.</p></td>
		</tr>
	</table>
	<p> 3.  <u>Calculation Equations</u></p>
	<p> For any permit term that requires a calculation to determine compliance, make
		sure that the equation and all assumptions are written into the permit. </p>
	<p><strong>Example #19</strong> </p>
	<table border="2" cellspacing="1" width="100%" bordercolor="#000000">
		<tr>
			<td width="100%">An example permit condition states:
				<blockquote> <i>
					<p>The permittee shall report monthly VOC emissions from the coating operations, using
						the following equation and information provided by the coating manufacturer on the VOC
						content and assuming 100% of the VOC in the coatings are released to the atmosphere:</p>
					</i> </blockquote>
				<p align="center">[Provide VOC calculation equation in permit].</p></td>
		</tr>
	</table>
	<p> <strong>B. Credible Evidence</strong></p>
	<p>Title V permit conditions cannot limit the types of data or information (i.e., credible
		evidence) that may be used to prove a violation of any applicable requirement. Title V
		permits should contain language clarifying that any credible evidence may be used in
		determining a source’s compliance status (or alternatively, that nothing in the
		permit precludes the use of credible evidence in determining compliance or noncompliance
		with the terms of the permit). Such language gives fair notice to the source and the
		public, and prevents the source from claiming that they weren’t on notice that other
		credible evidence could be used to demonstrate a violation or compliance. Such language
		can most easily be added to Title V permits by modifying the "boilerplate"
		provisions (i.e., general permit conditions) as in the following example.</p>
	<p><strong>Example #20</strong></p>
	<table border="2" cellspacing="1" width="100%" bordercolor="#000000">
		<tr>
			<td width="100%"><b>Permit Conditions Addressing Credible
				Evidence</b>
				<p>Delaware includes this provision in the General Compliance section of each
					Title V permit: </p>
				<blockquote> <i>
					<p>Nothing in this permit shall be interpreted to preclude the use of any credible
						evidence to demonstrate noncompliance with any term of this permit. </p>
					</i> </blockquote>
				<p>In addition, Delaware includes the following related provision in the General
					Compliance Certification Requirements section of each Title V permit: </p>
				<blockquote> <i>
					<p>Any additional information possessed by the Company that demonstrates noncompliance
						with any applicable requirement must also be used as the basis for compliance
						certifications.</p>
					</i> </blockquote></td>
		</tr>
	</table>
	<p>In addition to including language similar to the above in the
		permit, you should also make sure that credible evidence "buster" language is
		NOT included in the permit. Such language (see examples below) could be construed to limit
		credible evidence. In general, the permit should simply tell the source what it must do
		(e.g., measure pressure drop). It is NOT necessary that the permit include a statement
		that a term "assures compliance" or that an activity (e.g., monitoring) is
		required to "demonstrate compliance."</p>
	<div align="center">		
			<table border="2" cellspacing="1" width="50%" bgcolor="#C0C0C0" bordercolor="#000000">
				<tr>
					<td width="100%"><i><strong>Watch out for credible evidence
						"buster" language!</strong></i></td>
				</tr>
			</table>		
	</div>
	<p> <strong>Example #21</strong> </p>
	<table border="2" cellspacing="1" width="100%" bordercolor="#000000">
		<tr>
			<td width="100%"><b>Credible Evidence "Buster"
				Language</b>
				<p>Language similar to the following should <u><b>NOT</b></u> be included in
					Title V permits:</p>
				<blockquote> <i>
					<p>The monitoring methods specified in this permit are the sole methods by which
						compliance with the associated limit is determined.</p>
					</i> </blockquote>
				<blockquote> <i>
					<p>Reference test method results supersede CEM data [or parametric monitoring data].</p>
					</i> </blockquote>
				<blockquote> <i>
					<p>Compliance with this provision shall be demonstrated solely by ... [periodic
						monitoring provisions]...</p>
					</i> </blockquote></td>
		</tr>
	</table>
	<p><strong>C.  Compliance Certifications</strong></p>
	<p>All Title V applications must include certifications of compliance or non-compliance
		with applicable requirements. If a source certified "not in compliance" in the
		permit application, the permitting authority should make sure one of the following two
		things happens before issuing the draft permit:</p>
	<blockquote>
		<p>1) If the source still is not in compliance prior to issuing the draft permit, the
			Title V permit must include a compliance schedule.</p>
	</blockquote>
	<blockquote>
		<p>2) If the source came into compliance since the permit application was submitted, the
			source must submit a revised compliance certification confirming this fact, prior to
			issuance of the draft permit.</p>
	</blockquote>
	<p><strong>D.  Permit Shield</strong></p>
	<p>Permits should identify the specific operations which are shielded and the specific
		requirements from which they are shielded. Particularly, if there is a permit shield for a
		determination of <u>non-applicability</u>, the Statement of Basis should explain why the
		shielded requirements are not applicable (e.g., because the source does not have certain
		equipment or processes, or because the equipment or processes are of a size or type which
		are not regulated).</p>
	<p><strong>Example #22</strong></p>
	<table border="2" cellspacing="1" width="100%" bordercolor="#000000">
		<tr>
			<td width="100%"><b>Permit Shield for a Determination of
				Non-applicability</b>
				<p>A permit in West Virginia states:</p>
				<i>
				<p>1. The permittee has requested and is hereby granted a permit shield. The permit
					shield applies as long as the permittee operates in accordance with the information
					contained within this permit.</p>
				<p>2. The list below identifies requirements which are not applicable to the permittee and
					the determinations thereof. So long as the permittee operates within the constraints of
					these determinations, the permit shield shall apply to the following provisions.</p>
				<blockquote>
					<p>a. 40 C.F.R. 60 Subpart G, Standards of Performance for Stationary Gas Turbines. There
						are no turbines located at the Source.</p>
				</blockquote>
				<blockquote>
					<p>b. 40 C.F.R. 60 Subparts K and Ka, Standards of Performance for Storage Vessels for
						Petroleum Liquids. All tanks at the Source are below 40,000 gallons in capacity.</p>
				</blockquote>
				<blockquote>
					<p>c. 40 C.F.R. 60 Subpart Kb, Standards of Performance for Volatile Organic Liquid
						Storage Vessels. All tanks storing volatile organic liquids at the Source are below 10,000
						gallons in capacity.</p>
				</blockquote>
				<blockquote>
					<p>d. 40 C.F.R. 60 Subpart KKK, Standards of Performance for Equipment Leaks of VOC From
						Onshore Natural Gas Processing Plants. The Source is not engaged in the extraction of
						natural gas liquids from field gas or in the fractionation of mixed natural gas products.</p>
				</blockquote>
				<blockquote>
					<p>e. 45 C.S.R. 21, To Prevent and Control Air Pollution from the Emission of Volatile
						Organic Compounds. The Source is not located in Cabell, Kanawha, Putnam, Wayne, nor Wood
						counties.</p>
				</blockquote>
				<blockquote>
					<p>f. 45 C.S.R. 27, To Prevent and Control the Emissions of Toxic Air Pollutants. Natural
						gas is included as a petroleum product and contains less than 5% benzene by weight. C.S.R.
						§ 45-27-2.4 exempts equipment "used in the production and distribution of petroleum
						products providing that such equipment does not produce or contact materials containing
						more than 5% benzene by weight." </p>
				</blockquote>
				<p>3. Compliance with the conditions of this permit shall be deemed compliance with the
					corresponding applicable requirements as of the date of permit issuance and/or that the
					requirements specifically identified are not applicable to the permittee as of the date of
					permit issuance. C.S.R. § 45-30-5.6.a.</p>
				</i></td>
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