NMIM and MOVES Runs for LD GHG Air Quality Modeling: Memorandum

Harvey Michaels, OTAQ

March 18, 2010

The models, inputs, and scripts used to run and process NMIM and MOVES
for the Light-Duty Greenhouse Gas Rule (LGR) FRM air quality modeling
have been docketed on a DVD entitled “NMIM and MOVES Runs for LGR Air
Quality Modeling: DVD.”  This memo describes the contents of the DVD
and provides an overview of how these models were used to generate the
onroad and nonroad downstream inventories.

Title: “NMIM and MOVES Runs for LGR Air Quality Modeling: DVD”,
written on the physical DVD.

Volume Label:  LGR NMIM MOVES AQM

Contents of the DVD

MOVES folder

BatchFiles folder contains the batch files that execute the MOVES runs. 
Batch files are key to understanding the MOVES runs, because they
control the runs and specify the location and use of all files.  Also
included in this folder are scripts and text files used to construct the
batch files.

Code folder contains the MOVES code referenced in the batch files.

RunSpecs folder contains the RunSpecs referenced in the batch files that
control the MOVES runs.  Also included in this folder are scripts and
text files used to construct the RunSpecs.

DefaultDB folder contains the MOVES default databases that were used.

UserDatabases folder contains the user-supplied databases that are
referenced in the RunSpecs and modify the MOVES default database

PerlScripts folder contains scripts used to process MOVES output.  An
annotated list of scripts is in rp.bat.  

NMIM

BatchFilesAndRunSpecs folder contains NMIM batch files and RunSpecs. 
Batch files are key to understanding the NMIM runs, because they control
the runs and specify the location and use of all files.  Also included
in this folder are scripts and text files used to construct the batch
files and RunSpecs.

NMIM20090504 folder contains the NMIM code.

NCD20090710LGR.zip is the zipped NMIM County Database 

M6203CHC contains compiled MOBILE6 executable (M6203ChcOxFixNMIM.exe)
and default external datafiles that NMIM used to run MOBILE6.

NR08a is the version of the NONROAD Model used to generate these
inventories.

Scripts folder contains Perl and MySQL scripts that prepare,
post-process, and generate diagnostics for the NMIM runs.  

ProcessingScriptsAndDocumentation folder contains the scripts that
post-processed NMIM and MOVES output into the LGR FRM AQM Inventories. 
An annotated list of scripts is in rp.bat.  Five word documents provide
additional documentation of specific 

Description of the inventory production process

Onroad

For onroad mobile sources except motorcycles, EPA executed an internal
draft version of MOVES dated 8/25/2009 (MOVES20090825), which is similar
to Draft MOVES2009 with a number of improvements to the fuel effects
data and code.  This version of MOVES used default database
MOVESDB20090902NoFuelSupply.  A slightly later version, MOVES20091113,
was run for evaporative runs to correct a bug in the code that processed
evaporative emissions.  This version of MOVES used default database
MOVESDB20091109NoFuelSupply.  The database names have the suffix
“NoFuelSupply” because the fuel supply tables in both were truncated
to allow for the use of a user-supplied fuel supply table. 
User-supplied fuel and temperature tables were used for these runs. 
2005 fuels were those generated by the 2005 NEI process, in which EPA
county-level estimates were updated by states and local agencies.  2030
reference case fuels were estimated as those developed for the AEO case
of the RFS2 rule.  2030 control case fuels were estimated as 100% E10. 
Historical temperature and humidity data for 2005 were used for all
years.  For motorcycles, we relied on the MOBILE6.2 model as run using
the NMIM platform with county-specific fuel properties and temperatures.
 MOVES supplied all pollutants except SO2 and NH3, which came from NMIM
runs.  Onroad inventories were generated by multiplying MOVES emission
factors by VMT developed for the Office of Air Quality Planning and
Standards's 2002 Version 3 Modeling Platform (PF02v3) and used in the
recently published Locomotive-Marine Rule.  This VMT, which was based on
AEO2006, was adjusted to match the annual VMT from AEO2009, but with
county allocations preserved.  AEO2009 growth factors from 2005 to 2030
were applied to 2005 NEI VMT using the three AEO categories: light duty,
commercial light trucks and heavy duty.  Assignments to MOBILE6
categories are straightforward except for Commercial Light Trucks, which
are only gasoline in the AEO classification.  The MOBILE6 Model was
M6203ChcOxFixNMIM, a special version that includes cold-start VOC and
the cold-start controls of the Mobile Source Air Toxics Rule that go
into effect in 2011 and used in the recently published Locomotive-Marine
rule. Onroad emissions generated at the state-month level from MOVES
were distributed to the county-month level using the results from
MOBILE6 as run by NMIM.   

Nonroad

Nonroad equipment except for aircraft, locomotives, and commercial
marine vessels was modeled with the latest publically released NONROAD
version NONROAD2008a. This version of the NONROAD includes the benefits
of the two nonroad regulations published in 2008 (the Locomotive and
Marine Rule and the Small Spark-Ignition And Recreational Marine Engine
Rule) plus all previous nonroad regulations.

The MOVES runs produced emission factors at the state-month level for
all onroad gasoline vehicles except motorcycles.  Onroad gasoline
inventories were generated by multiplying MOVES emission factors by VMT
developed for this rule.   

MOVES was used for onroad gasoline emission factors because of
significant improvements compared with MOBILE6.  Because of difficulty
with MOVES VMT allocation, MOVES was used as an emission factor model
and VMT was applied at the state-month-SCC level. For 2005, the VMT came
from the 2005 NEI.  For 2030, light-duty VMT came from modeling done for
this rule and was applied by state, month, SCCVtype, and model year. 
Because of performance limitations of MOVES, there was only time to run
it at the state-month level.  State inventories were allocated to the
county-month level based on NMIM’s MOBILE6 runs.  Despite the
limitations of these methods, it was EPA’s judgment that they provided
superior inventories to MOBILE6.

Both MOBILE6 and NONROAD were run using NMIM (version NMIM20090504) with
NMIM County Database NCD20090710LGR.  NMIM supplied emissions from the
NONROAD Model and from onroad sources not produced from MOVES. The
MOBILE6 Model was M6203ChcOxFixNMIM, a special version that  includes
cold-start VOC and the cold-start controls of the Mobile Source Air
Toxics Rule that go into effect in 2011. The NONROAD Model version was
the publically released version NR08a.

Onroad emissions generated at the state-month level from MOVES were
distributed to the county-month level using the results from MOBILE6 as
run by NMIM.  

Onroad gasoline PM was run by MOVES at 72F and adjusted by OAQPS at the
grid-hour level based on temperature curves supplied by OTAQ.

For diesel, MOVES did not calculate toxics from VOC correctly, so we
post-processed VOC to get these toxics using toxic/VOC ratios developed
by Rich Cook.  The table below shows the toxic/VOC ratio by SCCVtype.



Vtype	Vtype	Vtype	Vtype	Vtype	Vtype	Vtype



6	7	8	9	10	11	12

pid	poll	LDDV	LDDT	2BHDDV	LHDDV	MHDDV	HHDDV	Buses

20	benz	0.02017	0.02011	0.01108	0.01102	0.01102	0.01099	0.01102

24	buta	0.00907	0.00905	0.00644	0.00640	0.00640	0.00638	0.00640

25	form	0.03892	0.03881	0.08256	0.08207	0.08206	0.08182	0.08211

26	acet	0.01240	0.01237	0.03040	0.03023	0.03022	0.03013	0.03024

27	acro	0.00353	0.00352	0.00369	0.00367	0.00367	0.00366	0.00367



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 For information on Draft MOVES2009, see
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/models/moves/movesback.htm.

 US EPA 2008, 2005 National Emissions Inventory Data & Documentation,
http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/net/2005inventory.html.

 US EPA 2010, Renewable Fuel Standard Program (RFS2): Final Rule,
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/fuels/renewablefuels/regulations.htm.

 See http://www.epa.gov/ttn/chief/emch/index.html#2002.

 Final Rule: Control of Emissions of Air Pollution from Locomotives and
Marine Compression-Ignition Engines Less Than 30 Liters per Cylinder
(published May 6, 2008 and republished June 30, 2008).  For details, see
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/locomotives.htm#2008final.

 Energy Information Administration.  Annual Energy Outlook 2009.  See
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/archive/aeo06/index.htmle

 Energy Information Administration.  Annual Energy Outlook 2009.  See
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/archive/aeo09/index.html

 NONROAD Model 2008a.  http://www.epa.gov/otaq/nonrdmdl.htm

 Final Rule: Control of Emissions from Nonroad Spark-Ignition Engines
and Equipment (published October 8, 2008).  For details, see   HYPERLINK
"http://www.epa.gov/otaq/equip-ld.htm" 
http://www.epa.gov/otaq/equip-ld.htm .  Docket ID: 
EPA-HQ-OAR-2009-0472-0282

