US Response to MBTOC

Appendix B: United Nations Environmental Program, Regional Workshop on
Methyl Bromide Alternatives for the management of Golf courses and Data
Reporting  in Quarantine and preshipment (QPS) for Caribbean Region.

REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON METHYL BROMIDE ALTERNATIVES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF 

GOLF COURSES AND DATA REPORTING IN QUARANTINE AND PRESHIPMENT (QPS) FOR 

CARIBBEAN REGION.

PARAMARIBO, SURINAME 

22-23 OCTOBER 2003



CONTENT 

1. 	Background 

2. 	Objectives 

3. 	Results and Conclusions 

4. 	Summary of Presentations 

5. 	Agenda 

6. 	List of Participants 

7. 	Presentations 



BACKGROUND 

Methyl Bromide as a fumigant is used to control a range of pests in
agriculture and for disinfestations of durable and perishable
commodities. Worldwide; MB has four main uses, namely for soil/pre-plant
treatment; commodity/post-harvest treatment of stored products;
structural/vehicle disinfestations and for quarantine and pre-shipment
(QPS). Due to its powerful curative properties, no single, direct
replacement has yet been identified. 

Based on a UNEP workshop on the Management of Methyl Bromide consumption
in the Caribbean Network in Barbados 2000, Golf courses were identified
as one of the key niche of MB consumption.  This was indicted as in the
case of St. Kitts-Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, Bahamas and Barbados. 

The Main Meeting of National Ozone Officers (NOOs) for English speaking
countries of Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), Jun 2003; identified
that network needed to address the issues on the use, classification and
demand of Methyl Bromide in Quarantine and Pre-shipment, Golf Courses
and other applications. 

The economy of the Caribbean is based largely on Tourism with Golf as a
growing sector in the Sport Tourism Market. In keeping with this trend,
new Golf Courses are being developed in Barbados, St. Kitts/Nevis. Based
on information provided by the NOO, it is anticipated that MB will be
the preferred fumigating agent. 

The trend in technology application is in Golf course management is
similar to those use in the U.S.A. due to geographical proximity and
investment interest. Further, U.S.A applied for a Critical Use
Nomination in the year 2003 for 352 T of MB in order to use for
fumigation in turfgrass. This nomination was studied by Methyl Bromide
Technical Options Committee (M.B.T.O.C.). 

The urgency and importance of this Workshop is therefore critical in
developing the capacity and awareness of all stakeholders on use of
methyl bromide, best alternative technologies, Montreal Protocol
reporting requirements and it’s implications to Methyl Bromide. In
this regard the workshop brought together a multi-disciplinary team
seeking to explore and develop directives on the challenges towards the
phase-out of MB as guided by the MP.  

Participants included: national ozone officers, quarantine and
pre-shipment officers, Technical Officers from Food and Agriculture
Organization (FAO), Caribbean Agriculture Research Development Institute
(CARDI), Caribbean Association for Sustainable Tourism (CAST) golf
course superintendents, Private Golf Course consultant and Researcher in
Alternatives to MB (in golf courses) from the University of Florida.
Participants demonstrated great awareness and knowledge on the subject
of alternatives to MB. 



OBJECTIVES 

1. To understand the demands use of MB in the region including both
essential and non-essential use with specific interest in Golf Course
and QPS including: 

a. The problem pests  specific to the region and challenges faced in
their management 

b. To reinforce communication amongst Caribbean NOUs responsible for the
management of MB phase out 

c.	 To develop and implement regional multi-stakekeholder cooperation
for the reduction of MB demands. 

2. To promote adaptation of effective alternatives in golf courses for
Caribbean countries in order to comply with the Montreal Protocol. 

a.	To agree on a mechanism of data collection and reporting on the use
and applications of MB in Golf Courses in the region 

b. To develop Common and Agreed Guidelines that can serve as an example
for future golf course development. 

c.	To sensitize all stakeholders on the Phase out Schedule of MB in
order to avoid further development relying on the use of MB

 3. To clarify QPS applications with respect to methyl bromide 

a. To evaluate QPS applications using MB and alternatives 

b. To clarify quarantine and pre-shipments definitions as defined by the
MP 



SUMMARY OF PRESENTATIONS 

MB use in wood packaging materials in international Trade

 Representative for the National Ozone Unit-Colombia tabled the
particular situation that of the first of January 2004 U.S.A will ask
all the wood packaging materials coming into the country should be
according to the International Standards for Phyotsanitary Measures ISPM
15.  The International Standards for Phytosanitary Measures 15 regulates
the measures for international Trade in wood packaging and offers
basically two options namely: Heat treatment and MB. 

The ISPM are adopted by contracting parties to the International Plant
Protection Convention (IPPC), and by FAO Members (that are not
contracting parties to the IPPC), through the Interim Commission on
Phytosanitary Measures. ISPMs are the standards, guidelines and
recommendations recognized as the basis for phytosanitary measures
applied by Members of the World Trade Organization under Agreement on
the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures. Non-contracting
parties to the IPPC are encouraged to observe these standards. 

In particular to Columbia the cost of Heat treatment is expected to be
uncompetitive. Further, this Party is concern as they have not use of
MeBr since 1996 and laws have already been developed avoiding the
imports of MeBr. 

Quarantine and Pre-shipment 

In analysis of the data submitted to the OS, one party in the region has
reported use of MB in QPS. For the year 2002 this is reported for
Trinidad at 1.37 MT.  For the other parties all MB reported was reported
without indication QPS amounts. The NOUs also indicating that MB-QPS
demands can be sporadic depending on the particular item being traded
resulting, resulting in difficulties in predicating demands with any one
reporting year. Country specific issues are as follows: 

St. Kitts Nevis- MB is used in the fumigations of buildings and
furniture and QPS.  Specific to QPS, the national authorities has
mandated any hotels importing live plants should fumigate with MB. This
is necessary as these plants normally are hosting other species of plant
and animals not indigenous to St. Kitts Nevis. There are recorded cases
of frogs and snakes being contained in the plants imported. 

Trinidad and Tobago MB usage has fallen considerably and is being
replaced mainly by a cylinderized phosphine-based fumigant named as
ECO2Fume, and 

to lesser extent, Phostoxin (phosphine). The reduction in use of MB has
been largely because of it’s national unavailability, awareness by
some pest control operators and a conscious effort by some importers not
to use MB. 

The QPS Division decides on the need for treatment of commodities either
for export or when a pest is intercepted. Some examples of the major
items treated upon importation are: imported used-tyres, infested lumber
and plywood. These are the items have been largely replaced by ECO2Fume.
The expanded use of ECO2Fume to other commodities (mainly vegetable
matter) is being limited due to the absence of base information on the
effectiveness of this technology including for example: on all stages of
the pest, specific doses for each pest and lengthy exposure period of
two or three days as compared to sixteen hours for MB. 

Alternatives to Methyl Bromide in Golf Courses 

A: Actual Applications. 

The alternatives presently used in Golf Courses are as follows: 

1) Basamid. It is commonly known as dazomet and is from the thiadiazine
family. It’s mode of action is that fumes are released by watering
immediately after application. These fumes will travel 2-4 inches deep
depending on the porosity of the soil. 

2) Glyphosate/fusillade followed with the application of oxadiazon. This
is a herbicide combination applied prior to turf planting. These
chemicals are strongly absorbed by the soil colloids, thereby reducing
migration/leaching through the soil. Some weeds, especially sedge types
due to their growth pattern will return.  The weed infestation is
minimized but not totally controlled. 

3) Salt-laden water (Sea Water). After applying the water, there is a
removal of the undesirable plant material either mechanically or
manually. The salt water does not give total kill to all nematodes and
weeds; however is effective in minimizing their impacts. 

B: Alternatives under Research: 

The following are summaries conclusions based on the research presently
being conducted by the University of Florida (see annex presentation for
complete data): 

Metam Sodium applied alone does not provide adequate control of
troublesome weed species and is not the most effective nematicide. 

2. The combination of Metam sodium and Chloropicrin did not provide
adequate control by itself. When a polyethylene tarpaulin is laid over
the top, this 

combination is very effective. This combination is also cost prohibitive
and time consuming when compared to MeBr 

Although Dazomet performed well initially against the weedy grass
species, many weeds tended to rebound in a very short period of time,
indicating that a complete kill had not been achieved. Overlap between
successive passes or tractor tire ruts resulted in inconsistent control.


4. The combination of dazomet and chloropicrin provided initial control
of the weedy grass species equal to MeBr. 

a.	However, by one month after treatment, control had dropped to 70% for
this combination treatment. 

b.	Similar problems as with Basamid were noted. 

The combination of dazomet and 1,3-dichloropropene did not provide
adequate control. Nematode control data were inconsistent. 

6. Potassium Azide provided exceptional control of hard-to-control weed
species. Potassium Azide poses a serious threat to the applicator.
“Closed-System” application needs to be developed. The cost is not
yet known. Registration and marketing of this alternative is in 

process. 

7.	Solarization will not work in golf course and sod production systems
as: 

Time required for solarization is lengthy (months). 

•	One cannot keep a tarp on the ground for this length of time. 

–	Risk of puncturing and unscheduled lifting of the tarp off of the
field 

–	Cost effectiveness is low. 

High nitrogen containing materials used as soil amendment shows promise
for controlling a variety of weed and nematode species. Additional
greenhouse and field testing are necessary to determine how to use these
materials most effectively. Soil type has a large influence on the
efficacy of the amendments. 

C. 	 Potential Critical Use Exception under the Montreal Protocol. 

Given the status and efficacy of Alternatives to MP, the U.S.A has
applied for 352 tones as Critical Use Exception. The U.S.A made this
application based on request by the Turf Producers International and
Golf Course Superintendents Assoc. of America (all based in the U.S.A). 

MBTOC have studied these applications and has made their recommendations
to the Ozone Secretariat including: that several alternatives,
particularly dazomet and steam, are suitable alternatives for most of
the uses in this nomination. From the information provided, MBTOC could
not determine why alternatives were not feasible in the specific
circumstances of the nomination, but accepts statements in the
nomination that alternatives were not appropriated. 

D. Surmises of other Paper presented (more details are in the actual
presentations) 

D.1. CAST 

CAST presentation was titled as “Greening the Caribbean Tourism
Industry: An Overview of CAST Environmental Initiatives”. CAST is a
non-profit Organization and subsidiary of the Caribbean Hotel
Association. It has a wide range of projects and fields of application
as High quality education, training, seminars & workshops in
environmental management among others. CAST is also in charged of
Promoting/developing environmental, health & safety certification
schemes and standards for travel and tourism including Green Globe 21
and Blue Flag. 

D.2. FAO 

FAO based its presentation in explaining the relation with Montreal
Protocol and in Particular with UNEP as cooperating in the MB phase-out
(FAO is not an implementary Agency). At the same time FAO pointed out
its relevant work in the Interim Commission for Phytosanitary Measures
(ICPM) were they develop a Work Programme for minimising unnecessary
methyl bromide usage while retaining critical phytosanitary usages. 

D.3. CARDI 

CARDI focused in Integrated Pest Management (IPM) as an alternative to
Methyl Bromide. IPM emphasis on minimizing rather than eliminating loss
due to pest and aim to keep the pest population below the Economic
Injury Level (EIL). IPM actually Involves selection and integration of
known techniques that are compatible. Management strategies should be
within the context of sustainability of production system. 

Conclusions & Recommendations of Regional Workshop on MB Alternatives
for the Management of Golf Courses and Data Reporting in QPS for the
Caribbean Region (22-23 October, Suriname) 

Presently the countries of the Caribbean reporting MB use are Bahamas,
Barbados, Jamaica, St. Kitts & Nevis, and Trinidad & Tobago. The primary
uses of MB in the Caribbean Region are for QPS, structural fumigations,
with a growing potential for golf course applications. Agricultural soil
fumigations and post harvest uses are not reported amongst the
countries. 

There is a need for a regional strategy to address ‘best practices’
for the subcategories of use of methyl bromide, and enable phase out
and/or ensure compliance with the Montreal Protocol. Research is
recommended on the other uses of Methyl Bromide (outside of Quarantine
and Pre-shipment and Golf Courses) and develops and implement strategies
and action plan for alternative uses. 

Within the QPS sector, countries should be aware that they can demand
effective fumigation of imported goods at the point of exportation, so
as to minimize the need for importation of large quantities of methyl
bromide for purposes of quarantine. Minimizing quantities of methyl
bromide imported will help to reduce the likelihood of ‘spin-off’,
non-QPS pest-control uses.  UNEP CAP should also facilitate
communications with the appropriate international phytosanitary control
bodies (eg. IPPC Secretariat), to ensure that countries are appraised of
international procedures, and to ensure that they have proper
infrastructure and legislation/procedures in place to demand and check
the certification of fumigation of imported goods. 

Within the QPS sector, countries expressed a concern about the recent
Guidelines for Regulating Wood Packaging Material in International Trade
(ISPM 15). Current approved measures associated with Wood Packaging
material are methyl bromide and the more expensive heat treatment. Since
the treatment of wood packaging may occur more than 21 days before
shipment (exempting it from being defined as a Pre-Shipment use), this
will represent a new form of consumption potentially putting countries
out of compliance. UNEP CAP must assist and keep countries informed on
the development of this issue within the Montreal Protocol, and forward
the concerns of countries to the upcoming MOP in Nairobi (November
10-14, 2003). 

UNEP CAP should work with the countries to investigate the growing
sector of structural fumigations, as countries report that MB currently
represents the cheapest method to preserve wooden structures of
historical significance. UNEP CAP should work to investigate the
standards of use of methyl bromide (ie. Safety measures taken etc.), and
work to identify potential alternatives for this MB use, complete with
their appropriate protocols of use. 

There is a strong need for the compilation of all relevant and or
available information on ‘best practices’ for the stakeholders in
the construction of golf courses in the region in order to help
countries to be in compliance under the Montreal Protocol. This should
equip and guide both developers and government on such developments with
regards to Methyl Bromide use and its alternatives. 

At the moment, methyl bromide remains essential with no effective
alternatives to golf course construction and/or renovation. MB is no
used in daily turf management. 

In the region, a number of golf courses are attached to hotels. To
ensure that the demand for methyl bromide use in golf courses is kept to
a minimum, regional organizations such as CHA-CAST, CTO, and
regional/national golf associations should be approached by UNEP (both
OzonAction and Sustainable Tourism) for partnership to raise the issue
of methyl bromide with hoteliers and the tourism industry. In addition
UNEP together with the appropriate regional and international experts
should work with relevant regional Agencies to develop guidelines for
sustainable golf course development, to give a private sector
perspective to the guidelines. These might then be absorbed into
existing sustainable tourism programmes, such as Green Globe 21 and Blue
Flag. 

All of these components might then be incorporated into an umbrella
regional protocol for the cross-sectorial phase out of MB use. 

Effective public education and awareness programmes should be developed
to promote and encourage research on alternatives and as a mean to
modify the aesthetic threshold and increase tolerance from some
contamination by “offtypes” in the majority of playing surfaces by
golf players. 

While IPM strategies and principles are already being generally applied
by Golf-course Superintendents in the Caribbean, it is strongly urged
that this approach be adopted by all. 

It was identified that taken into consideration that the quantity of MB
needed for a single Golf course, this amount can exceed the established
Montreal Protocol Baseline for most Caribbean Countries. 

To review, clarify and advise parties on the definition of Pre-shipment
as it is tabled in the Montreal Protocol. 

Research is recommended on the other uses of Methyl Bromide (outside of
Quarantine and Pre-shipment and Golf Courses) and develops and implement
strategies and action plan for alternative uses. 

Special Recommendation: Caribbean countries are not producers of Methyl
bromide Caribbean countries are and have been minimal or marginal
consumers of MB Caribbean countries have signed and have been in
compliance with the provisions of the Montreal Protocol and specifically
with MB phase-out and usage requirements. 

Caribbean countries have faced reversals in their agricultural sectors
due to changing trade requirements and the arrival of new plant pest and
are now heavily reliant on Tourism and in associated golf industry

 In the absence of equally effective or affordable MB alternatives,
Caribbean countries are now faced with non-compliance with the Protocol
and it’s consequences should they attempt to undertake golf course
constructions 

Caribbean countries required to meet the provisions of the international
Standard for Phytosanitary Measures for Wood Packaging Materials would
have little options but to use MB to obtain trade 

It’s recommend that: 

Caribbean countries with a baseline MB usage of less than 5 tons are
allowed maximum usage of 5 tons without incurring any penalty or being
considered as noncompliance until equally effective and economically
feasible MB alternatives became available. 

Caribbean countries with Zero MB base line usage be allowed to use up to
2.5-3 tons MB without penalty or being labeled as non-compliance 

Everybody agreed as well that all the alternatives should be applied
under an aggressive IPM program, especially FAO and CARDI which
presentations specified with details this matter. 

Participants agreed that MB is one of the five most widely used
pesticides in this region and particularly so in golf courses. 

AGENDA 

Target Audience: 

Owners/ Green Keeper of Golf Courses, Importers, Distributors, other
users, 

Regional Agencies: Caribbean Agriculture, Research and Development
Institute (CARDI) and Caribbean Alliance for Sustainable Tourism (CAST),
FAO Barbados. 

National Ozone Officers (NOO) and QPS officers from Bahamas, St. Kitts
and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados and Suriname. 

PROVISIONAL AGENDA 

OPENING 

9:00 a.m. -11:00 a.m. 

9:00 – 9:15 Welcome speech by the Minister of Agriculture 

9:15 – 9:30 Introduction and expectations from each participant 

9:30 – 10:00 José de Mesa. UNEP Programme Officer Methyl Bromide for
ROLAC. Objectives and expected results from the Work Shop). 

10:00 – 10:10 QPS data collection and reporting. Mr. Guen Hammerton
(QPS officer from Bahamas) 

10:10 – 10:20 QPS data collection and reporting. Dr. Lewis (QPS
officer from Trinidad) 

10:20 – 10:30 QPS data collection and reporting Mrs. Keithley Amory
(QPS officer from St. Kitts) 

10:30 – 11:00 Artie Dubrie Legal implications on Data Reporting.
Policy Officer for ROLAC. 

COFFEE BREAK (11:00 a.m. – 11:30 a.m.) 

12:00 p.m. – 13:30 p.m. 

GROUP DISCU.S.SION + Proposals 

Management of DataData Reporting to the Ozone Secretariat and
Multilateral Fund Capacity needs (Government, Industry) 

Results, conclusions and recommendations 

LUNCH (13:30 p.m. – 15:00 p.m.) 

15:00 – 15:30 “Greening the Tourism Industry” in the Caribbean
with special reference to Golf. Mrs. Deirdre Shurdland. CAST 

15:30 – 16:00 Alternatives to MB and IPM. Dr. Kathy Dalip. CARDI 

16:00 – 16:30 Alternatives to MB and IPM. Dr. Pollard. FAO 

PLENARY 

9:00 a.m. – 11:00 a.m. 

9:00 – 10:00 Alternatives to MB in Golf Courses. Mr. Unruh. University
of Florida. 

10:00 – 10:30 Current Methodology in Golf management related to Methyl
Bromide Alternatives Technologies and applications. Superintendent. Mr.
Greg Jackson. St Kitts. 

10:30 – 11:00: Current Methodology in Golf management related to
Methyl Bromide Alternatives. Technologies and applications.
Superintendent. Mr. Reginal Heeres. Bahamas. 

Questions and Answers 

COFFEE BREAK (11:00 a.m. – 11:15 a.m.) 

WORKING GROUP 

 11:15 a.m. – 13:15 p.m.

Challenges for application of MBr alternatives. Open discussion.

Technological Alternatives 

Availability and adaptation of technologies for the Region 

Cost-Effectiveness 

Government responsibility and support 

Capacity needs 

Way Forward 

LUNCH (13:15 p.m. – 15:00 p.m.) 

PLENARY

 15:00 p.m. – 16:00 p.m. 

Discussion, conclusions and commitments by the countries 

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS 

LIST OF PARTICIPANTS TO THE REGIONAL WORKSHOP ON METHYL BROMIDE
ALTERNATIVES FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF GOLF COURSES AND DATA REPORTING IN
QUARANTINE AND PRESHIPMENT (QPS) FOR THE CARIBBEAN REGION.

PANAMARIBO, SURINAME 

22-23 OCTOBER 2003 

-The NOO from St. Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica,
Bahamas, Barbados, Suriname, Uruguay and Colombia. 

--The QPS Officers from the Ministry of Agriculture of the following
countries: St. Kitts and Nevis, Trinidad and Tobago, Bahamas. 

-Technical Expert from U.S.A 

-Representation from different Regional Associations: CAST (Caribbean
Alliance for Sustainable Tourism), CARDI (Caribbean Agriculture Research
and development Institute) and FAO. 

-Privet sector: Several Superintendents and Green keepers form Golf
courses including Barbados, Bahamas and St. Kitts. 

	COUNTRY/ INSTITUTION 

1. 	Bahamas Mrs. Coral Miller Ozone Officer National Ozone Unit, Public
Analyst Laboratory Department of Environmental Health Services Ministry
of Health and Environment Tel: (1242) 326 7128/ 322 2845 Fax: (1242) 323
3863 e-mail: cateleuth@hotmail.com 

2. 	Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries & Local Government, The Bahamas
Mrs. Guen Hammerton Sr. Agriculture Officer East Bay St. P. O. Box
N-3048 Nassau Telephone Number: (242) 325-7502; Fax Number: (242)
356-4263 E-mail: gweenhammerton@bahamas.gov.bs 



3. 	Radisson Cable Beach Resort Cable Beach Mr. Reginald Meeres
Superintendent of Golf Courses P. O. Box N-4914 Nassau, The Bahamas
Telephone Number: (242) 327-6000 (ask for the golf course shop); Fax
Number: (242) 3278617 e-mail: fbutler@radissonbahamas.com 

4. 	St. Kitts and Nevis Ms. June Hughes ODS Focal Point Ministry of
Health and Environment Tel: (1869) 465 4970; 466-1508 Fax: (1869)
466-3915 e-mail:   sknmtcce@caribsurf.com; junelavon@yahoo.com 

5. 	Department of Agriculture, Nevis Mr. Keitheley Amory Director of
Agriculture Tel: 869 469 5521/5603 Fax: 869 469 1698 E-mail:
doanevis@hotmail.com 

6. 	St. Kitts Marriott Royal beach Resort Mr Greg Jackson Golf Course
Superintendent 858 Frigate Bay St. Kitts Tel:- 869 466 7923 Fax:- 869
466 3855 Cell:- 869 662 3508 E-mail:-gjackson1172@yahoo.com 

7. 	Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Anil Sookdeo Technical Coordinator-Air and
Noise and ODS Project Officer Environment Management Authority Tel:
(1868) 628 8042 (ext 348) Fax: (1868) 628 9122 / 628 9123 e-mail:
asookdeo@ema.co.tt ; anilsookdeo@yahoo.com 

8. 	Ministry of Agriculture Trinidad and Tobago Mr. Sherwin Lewis
Agricultural Offcier II Ministry Of Agriculture Central Experiment
Station Caroni North Bank Road Centeno, Trinidad Tel: 646-4335 Fax: 642
2149 E-mail: agrilibc@tstt.net.tt 

9. 	Suriname Mr. Cedrick Nelom Director Environmental Monitoring and
Enforcement National Institute for Environment and Development Tel:
(597) 520 045 / 520 043 Fax: (597) 520 042 e-mail: cnelom@nimos.org;
ceeri@yahoo,com; info@nimos.org 

10. 	University of Florida Mr. Bryan Unruh, Ph.D. Extension Turfgrass
Specialist West Florida Research and Education Center Milton Campus 5988
Hwy 90 W., Bldg. 4900 Milton, Florida 32583 Phone (850) 983-5216 ext.
114 Fax: (850) 983-5774 Mobile: (850) 982-7951 E-mail :
jbu@mail.ifas.ufl.edu 

11. 	FAO Barbados Mr. G V Pollard Regional Plant Protection Officer
Sub-Regional Office for the Caribbean P O Box 631-C, Bridgetown Barbados
e-mail: Gene.Pollard@fao.org Tel: 246 426 7110, Ext 248 Fax: 246 427
6075 Email: gene.pollard@fao.org 

12. 	CARIBBEAN ALLIANCE FOR SU.S.TAINABLE TOURISM (CAST) Deirdre
Shurland Director 1000 Ponce de Leon Avenue, 5th Floor San Juan, Puert
Rico 00907 Tel: (787) 725-9139 ext. 243 Fax: (787) 725-9108
dshurland@caribbeanhotels.org 

13. 	CARIBBEAN ASSOCIATION FOR RESEACRCH AND DEVELOPMENT INSTITUTE
(CARDI) Dr Kathy Dalip Entomologist Caribbean Agricultural Research &
Development Institute UWI Mona Campus, Box 113, Kingston 7, Jamaica Tel:
876-927-1231/ 77-1222, Fax 927-2099 Email: kmdalip@cwjamaica.com 

14. 	Colombia Mrs. Nidia Pabón Ozone Officer Assistant Ministerio del
Medio Ambiente Calle 37 no. 8-40 Edif. Anexo , piso b Bogotá, Colombia
Tel. (571) 332 3434 Fax (571) 340 6215 e-mail:nmpabon@minambiente.gov.co


15. 	Uruguay Roberto Marvid Ozone Officer Comisión Técnica
Gubernamental de Ozono Rincón 422, piso 3, Oficina 15, Edificio
Federica Ministerio de Vivienda, Ordenamiento Territorial y Medio
Ambiente Montevideo, Uruguay CP 11000 Tel. (598-2) 917 0710 Fax (5982)
917-0710 Ext. 4321 e-mail: rmarvid@ozono.gub.uy 

16. 	Uruguay Enrique Muñoz Greener S.R.L. Director Burgues 2923 11500
MONTEVIDEO Tel: (598) 2 209 6206 Fax: (598) 2 209 6213
emgreen@adinet.com.uy 

17. 	UNEP/PARIS Chrsitine Wellington UNEP DTIE, OzoneAction Associate
Programme Officer (Methyl Bromide) Tour Miraben 39-40 Quai, Andre
Citroen Tel : + 33 (0) 144 37 30 32 Fax : + 33 (0) 144 37 14 74
Chrsitine.wellington@unep.fr 



18. 	UNEP/ROLAC Ms. Artie Dubrie Policy and Enforcement Officer
OzoneAction Programme United Nations Environment Programme; Regional
Office for Latin America and the Caribbean México, D.F., México Tel:
(52-55) 5202-4841/ 5202-6394 ext. 511 Fax: (52-55) 5202-0950 e-mail:
artie.dubrie@pnuma.org 

19. 	UNEP/ROLAC Mr. Jose de Mesa Methyl Bromide Officer OzoneAction
Programme United Nations Environment Programme; Regional Office for
Latin America and the Caribbean México, D.F., México Tel: (52-55) 5202
4841/ 5202-6394 ext. 554 Fax: (52-55) 5202 0950 e-mail:
jose.demesa@pnuma.org 

20. 	UNEP/ROLAC Ms. Karina Martinez Intern Consultant OzoneAction
Programme United Nations Environment Programme; Regional Office for
Latin America and the Caribbean México, D.F., México Tel: (52-55) 5202
4841/ 5202-6394 ext. 507 Fax: (52-55) 5202 0950 e-mail:
karina.martinez@pnuma.org 



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Response to MBTOC Questions of June 2006 for 2008 Nomination

