APPENDIX
2
Survey
Sample
Size
and
Expected
Response
Rate
2­
1
Survey
Sample
Size
and
Expected
Response
Rate
Required
Number
of
Completed
Forms
The
required
number
of
completed
survey
forms
(
n)
is
derived
from
the
level
of
precision
required
for
the
estimates
and
the
desired
level
of
confidence.
A
typical
estimated
quantity
is
the
percentage
(
P)
of
the
population
which
has
a
particular
characteristic.
The
uncertainty
in
this
estimate
is
denoted
by

P,
the
half­
width
of
the
confidence
interval
for
P.
When
estimating
a
fixed
percentage
P,
the
uncertainty
at
the
specified
level
of
confidence
is
determined
by
the
number
of
completed
questionnaire
forms
obtained
in
the
survey.
Conversely,
for
a
fixed
level
of
confidence,
the
required
number
of
completed
forms
may
be
estimated
by
specifying
a
desired
value
for
the
half­
width
of
the
confidence
interval

P.

Table
1
shows
the
required
sample
sizes
for
two
levels
of
confidence,
90
and
95%
(
Levy
and
Lemeshow).
If
the
desired

P
is
fixed
at
2
percentage
points,
there
is
a
different
sample
size
required
for
each
value
of
P,
ranging
from
n
=
502
at
P
=
5%
to
n
=
2,641
at
P
=
50%
for
a
95%

confidence
interval.
Since
many
characteristics
are
being
estimated
in
the
survey,
the
safest
approach
is
to
use
the
highest
number
of
required
survey
forms.
This
occurs
when
P
=
50%.
If
n
=
2,641
forms
are
completed,
then
characteristics
which
occur
in
less
than
half
of
the
population
will
have
a

P
less
than
2
percentage
points.
(
Note,
however,
that
a

P
of
2
percentage
points
may
be
a
very
large
relative
error
for
small
values
of
P;
i.
e.,
if
P
=
2%
and

P
=
2%,
then
the
relative
error
is
100%).
2­
2
Table
1
a.
Number
of
responses
(
n)
required
for
a
95%
confidence
interval
of
P
±

P.


P
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
P
=
5%
2,007
502
223
125
80
56
41
10%
3,803
951
423
238
152
106
78
15%
5,388
1,347
599
337
216
150
110
20%
6,761
1,690
751
423
270
188
138
25%
7,923
1,981
880
495
317
220
162
30%
8,874
2,219
986
555
355
247
181
35%
9,614
2,403
1,068
601
385
267
196
40%
10,142
2,535
1,127
634
406
282
207
45%
10,459
2,615
1,162
654
418
291
213
50%
10,564
2,641
1,174
660
423
293
216
b.
Number
of
responses
(
n)
required
for
a
90%
confidence
interval
of
P
±
 
P.


P
1%
2%
3%
4%
5%
6%
7%

­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­­
P
=
5%
1,414
353
157
88
57
39
29
10%
2,679
670
298
167
107
74
55
15%
3,795
949
422
237
152
105
77
20%
4,763
1,191
529
298
191
132
97
25%
5,581
1,395
620
349
223
155
114
30%
6,251
1,563
695
391
250
174
128
35%
6,772
1,693
752
423
271
188
138
40%
7,144
1,786
794
446
286
198
146
45%
7,367
1,842
819
460
295
205
150
50%
7,442
1,860
827
465
298
207
152
2­
3
Required
Number
of
Telephone
Contact
Attempts
Given
an
estimate
of
n,
the
required
number
of
completed
surveys,
the
number
of
telephone
contact
attempts
(
N)
that
will
be
required
is
dependent
on
several
additional
factors
that
can
only
be
estimated
imprecisely.
These
factors
include:

r
1
­
the
Phase
1
response
rate
for
agreeing
to
complete
the
initial
screening,
expressed
as
a
percentage
of
initial
telephone
contacts;

e
1
­
the
eligibility
rate,
which
is
the
percentage
of
Phase
1
respondents
who
complete
the
screening
that
are
eligible
to
complete
the
survey;

r
2
­
the
Phase
1
response
rate
for
agreeing
to
be
called
back
to
complete
the
survey,
expressed
as
a
percentage
of
the
eligible
Phase
1
respondents;
and
r
3
­
the
Phase
2
response
rate
for
completing
the
entire
survey
form,
expressed
as
a
percentage
of
the
eligible
Phase
1
respondents
who
agree
to
be
called
back
to
complete
the
survey.

Of
the
four
factors
above,
the
eligibility
rate
(
e
1)
will
have
the
greatest
impact
on
the
required
number
of
telephone
contacts.
The
large
impact
of
this
factor
is
due
to
the
relatively
low
rate
of
incidence
(
approximately
10
percent)
of
asthma
in
the
general
population.
The
survey
design
has
no
effect
on
this
factor.

The
remaining
factors
are
three
different
types
of
response
rates.
Each
of
these
three
factors
may
be
influenced
by
the
survey
design.
Due
to
the
salesman's
"
foot­
in­
the­
door"
effect
(
Hornik,
et
al.),
it
is
expected
that
r
3
>
r
2
>
r
1.
The
foot­
in­
the­
door
effect
states
that
compliance
with
a
small
initial
request
significantly
enhances
the
likelihood
of
compliance
with
a
subsequent
"
target"

request.
Hence,
the
smallest
response
with
the
largest
negative
effect
is
expected
to
be
r
1,
the
response
rate
for
completing
the
screening.
The
reasons
for
nonresponse
in
Phase
1
include
no
answer
after
repeated
tries
or
an
outright
refusal
to
participate
after
initial
contact
is
made.

In
their
1988
analysis
of
survey
results
for
Canadian
smokers,
Bull,
et
al.,
report
telephone
response
rates
by
the
cumulative
number
of
call
attempts
made:

1
39%

2
67%
2­
4
3
82%

4
88%

5
92%

6
96%

The
dramatic
increase
in
response
that
occurs
with
an
increase
in
calling
effort
is
confirmed
in
other
U.
S.
studies.
However,
the
very
high
level
of
response
seen
in
Canada
does
not
appear
to
be
reflective
of
current
conditions
in
the
United
States.

In
the
early
1990'
s,
Mishra,
et
al.
report
completion
rates
for
telephone
surveys
with
a
minimum
of
four
call
attempts
in
Orange
County,
CA,
that
range
from
46
percent
to
59
percent,
with
a
midpoint
of
52.5
percent.
The
authors
note
that
ownership
of
telephone
answering
machines
was
over
70
percent
during
this
time
period.
Kristal,
et
al.
report
similar
results
in
their
telephone
health
survey
in
the
State
of
Washington.
This
study
was
conducted
in
two
stages:
the
first
stage
included
up
to
11
initial
call
attempts
including
callbacks;
and
the
second
stage
included
an
additional
11
initial
call
attempts.
Response
rates
in
the
first
stage
were
65
percent
for
women
and
53
percent
for
men,
with
an
average
of
approximately
59
percent.
Only
a
few
percentage
points
of
improvement
were
reported
to
result
from
the
second­
stage
effort.

In
summary,
the
early
Canadian
response
rate
appears
to
be
significantly
higher
than
those
reported
in
later
U.
S.
studies.
The
Canadian
study
represents
a
perhaps
unobtainable
goal
for
U.
S.
telephone
surveys.
Surveys
taken
in
the
Pacific
coast
area
of
the
United
States
five
years
later
show
a
marked
decrease
in
response
rates,
despite
a
relatively
high
number
of
call
attempts.

The
average
of
the
two
midpoints
for
these
studies
is
approximately
56
percent.
This
effect
is
partially
due
to
the
increased
reliance
on
telephone­
answering
machines
in
the
United
States
in
the
1990'
s.
The
results
also
imply
that
residents
along
the
Pacific
coast
simply
were
not
home
as
often
as
Canadian
residents
in
the
late
1980'
s.
However,
the
lower
response
may
also
be
due
to
the
larger
numbers
of
two­
income
and
single­
occupant
residences
on
the
Pacific
coast.
The
currently
planned
survey
will
use
random­
digit
dialing
with
a
minimum
of
seven
call
attempts
for
initial
contact.
The
response
rate
for
completing
the
screening
is
estimated
to
be
r
1
=
60%
(
0.60),

reflecting
approximately
the
Washington
State
study
midpoint.
This
estimate
may
be
compared
to
the
midpoint
for
the
Orange
County
study,
augmented
by
eight
percent
given
the
increase
in
the
number
of
contact
attempts
from
four
to
seven.
This
increase
is
the
same
as
that
obtained
in
the
Canadian
study
when
contact
attempts
increase
from
four
to
six.
2­
5
Successful
completion
of
the
screening
phase
will
identify
the
actual
number
of
eligible
respondents.
At
this
time,
EPA
estimates
that
approximately
10
percent
of
U.
S.
households
have
asthmatics
(
Mannino).
Hence,
the
eligibility
rate
is
estimated
to
be
e
1
=
0.10.

Respondents
determined
to
be
eligible
in
the
first
phase
will
be
asked
to
participate
in
the
main
portion
of
the
survey.
Not
all
eligible
households
will
agree
to
participate.
However,
households
are
more
likely
to
agree
to
participate
once
the
screening
is
completed.
Hornik,
et
al.
report
that
having
a
"
foot
in
the
door"
increased
response
rates
from
48
percent
to
59
percent
in
Israel,

amounting
to
a
relative
increase
in
response
of
approximately
23
percent.
Hence,
the
estimated
response
rate
for
eligible
respondents
agreeing
to
participate
in
the
second
phase
of
the
survey
is
r
2
=
0.74.

In
Phase
2,
eligible
respondents
who
have
completed
the
screening
and
have
agreed
to
participate
in
the
full
survey
effort
will
be
contacted
to
complete
the
full
survey.
At
this
stage,
the
primary
obstacle
will
be
reaching
the
respondent
when
they
are
at
home
and
at
a
convenient
time.

Information
about
the
best
time
for
future
contacts
will
be
obtained
when
respondents
agree
to
participate
in
the
full
survey.
This
will
reduce
the
chance
that
a
respondent
who
has
agreed
to
participate
cannot
be
contacted.
However,
it
is
likely
that
passive
refusals
and
terminations
will
be
encountered
at
this
phase.
Passive
refusal
occurs
when
a
respondent
who
has
agreed
to
participate
requests
that
the
interviewer
"
call
back
later."
After
several
attempts,
with
the
same
result,
it
becomes
obvious
that
the
respondent
does
not
really
intend
to
participate
but
has
not
given
a
direct
refusal.
Passive
refusals
may
also
occur
when
telephone­
answering
machines
are
used
to
"
screen"
calls.
Terminations
occur
when
the
respondent
refuses
to
complete
the
entire
interview.
Longer
interviews
such
as
the
currently
planned
survey
incur
the
risk
of
higher
termination
rates.

A
passive
refusal
rate
of
9.6
percent
for
high­
effort
surveys
is
reported
in
Mishra,
et
al.

Termination
rates
of
approximately
five
percent
are
indicated
in
Hornik,
et
al.
Hence,
the
estimate
for
the
phase
2
response
rate
is
r
3
=
0.85.

The
total
number
of
required
telephone
contacts
is
estimated
as:

N
=
n
/
(
e
1
r
1
r
2
r
3
).
2­
6
Using
the
hypothetical
goal
of
n
=
2,641
completed
forms
as
derived
above,
the
required
number
of
initial
telephone
contact
attempts
is
estimated
to
be:

N
=
n
/
(
0.10)(
0.60)(
0.74)(
0.85)
=
2,641
/
0.03774
=
69,979.

If
other
precision
goals
are
desired,
the
required
number
of
completed
forms
shown
in
the
bottom
row
of
Table
1a
or
1b
should
be
divided
by
0.03774
to
estimate
the
required
number
of
contact
attempts.

For
example,
EPA
has
set
a
goal
of
three
percentage
points
at
the
90%
confidence
interval
for
each
of
its
sample
subsets
(
i.
e.,
children
with
asthma
and
low­
income
adults
with
asthma).
For
a
goal
of
three
percentage
points,
the
sample
size
required
at
P
=
50%
is
n
=
827.
To
achieve
this
goal
for
low­
income
populations,
EPA
intends
to
over
sample
in
communities
known
to
have
a
high
percentage
of
low­
income
households.
However,
as
information
identifying
the
nation's
population
of
child
asthmatics
does
not
exist,
EPA
must
increase
the
size
of
its
overall
sample
to
achieve
its
goal
for
children.
EPA
estimates
that
one
in
four
individuals
who
suffer
from
asthma
are
children
(
Mannino).
Therefore,
in
order
to
achieve
a
precision
rate
of
+/­
3
percent
at
the
90%
confidence
interval
the
total
number
of
required
initial
telephone
contact
attempts
is
estimated
as
N
=
n
/
(
0.25)(
0.10)(
0.60)(
0.74)(
0.85)
=
827/
0.009435
=
87,652.

Note:
Appendix
7
provides
a
bibliography
of
cited
references.
APPENDIX
3
Executive
Order
13045
3­
1
Executive
Order
13045
April
21,
1997
Protection
of
Children
from
Environmental
Health
Risks
and
Safety
Risks
By
the
authority
vested
in
me
as
President
by
the
Constitution
and
the
laws
of
the
United
States
of
America,
it
is
hereby
ordered
as
follows:

Section
1.
Policy.

1­
101.
A
growing
body
of
scientific
knowledge
demonstrates
that
children
may
suffer
disproportionately
from
environmental
health
risks
and
safety
risks.
These
risks
arise
because:

children's
neurological,
immunological,
digestive,
and
other
bodily
systems
are
still
developing;

children
eat
more
food,
drink
more
fluids,
and
breathe
more
air
in
proportion
to
their
body
weight
than
adults;
children's
size
and
weight
may
diminish
their
protection
from
standard
safety
features;

and
children's
behavior
patterns
may
make
them
more
susceptible
to
accidents
because
they
are
less
able
to
protect
themselves.
Therefore,
to
the
extent
permitted
by
law
and
appropriate,
and
consistent
with
the
agency's
mission,
each
Federal
agency:

(
a)
shall
make
it
a
high
priority
to
identify
and
assess
environmental
health
risks
and
safety
risks
that
may
disproportionately
affect
children;
and
(
b)
shall
ensure
that
its
policies,
programs,
activities,
and
standards
address
disproportionate
risks
to
children
that
result
from
environmental
health
risks
or
safety
risks.

1­
102.
Each
independent
regulatory
agency
is
encouraged
to
participate
in
the
implementation
of
this
order
and
comply
with
its
provisions.

2­
201.
"
Federal
agency"
means
any
authority
of
the
United
States
that
is
an
agency
under
44
U.
S.
C.
3502
(
1)
other
than
those
considered
to
be
independent
regulatory
agencies
under
44
U.
S.
C.
3502
(
5).
For
purposes
of
this
order,
"
military
departments,"
as
defined
in
5
U.
S.
C.
102,

are
covered
under
the
auspices
of
the
Department
of
Defense.
3­
2
2­
202.
"
Covered
regulatory
action"
means
any
substantive
action
in
a
rulemaking,
initiated
after
the
date
of
this
order
or
for
which
a
Notice
of
Proposed
Rulemaking
is
published
1
year
after
the
date
of
this
order,
that
is
likely
to
result
in
a
rule
that
may:

(
a)
be
"
economically
significant"
under
Executive
Order
12866
(
a
rulemaking
that
has
an
annual
effect
on
the
economy
of
$
100
million
or
more
or
would
adversely
affect
in
a
material
way
the
economy,
a
sector
of
the
economy,
productivity,
competition,

jobs,
the
environment,
public
health
or
safety,
or
State,
local,
or
tribal
governments
or
communities);
and
(
b)
concern
an
environmental
health
risk
or
safety
risk
that
an
agency
has
reason
to
believe
may
disproportionately
affect
children.

2­
203.
"
Environmental
health
risks
and
safety
risks"
mean
risks
to
health
or
to
safety
that
are
attributable
to
products
or
substances
that
the
child
is
likely
to
come
in
contact
with
or
ingest
(
such
as
the
air
we
breathe,
the
food
we
eat,
the
water
we
drink
or
use
for
recreation,
the
soil
we
live
on,
and
the
products
we
use
or
are
exposed
to).

Sec.
3.
Task
Force
on
Environmental
Health
Risks
and
Safety
Risks
to
Children.

3­
301.
There
is
hereby
established
the
Task
Force
on
Environmental
Health
Risks
and
Safety
Risks
to
Children
("
Task
Force").

3­
302.
The
Task
Force
will
report
to
the
President
in
consultation
with
the
Domestic
Policy
Council,
the
National
Science
and
Technology
Council,
the
Council
on
Environmental
Quality,
and
the
Office
of
Management
and
Budget
(
OMB).

3­
303.
Membership.
The
Task
Force
shall
be
composed
of
the:

(
a)
Secretary
of
Health
and
Human
Services,
who
shall
serve
as
a
Co­
Chair
of
the
Council;

(
b)
Administrator
of
the
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
who
shall
serve
as
a
Co­

Chair
of
the
Council;
3­
3
(
c)
Secretary
of
Education;

(
d)
Secretary
of
Labor;

(
e)
Attorney
General;

(
f)
Secretary
of
Energy;

(
g)
Secretary
of
Housing
and
Urban
Development;

(
h)
Secretary
of
Agriculture;

(
i)
Secretary
of
Transportation;

(
j)
Director
of
the
Office
of
Management
and
Budget;

(
k)
Chair
of
the
Council
on
Environmental
Quality;

(
l)
Chair
of
the
Consumer
Product
Safety
Commission;

(
m)
Assistant
to
the
President
for
Economic
Policy;

(
n)
Assistant
to
the
President
for
Domestic
Policy;

(
o)
Assistant
to
the
President
and
Director
of
the
Office
of
Science
and
Technology
Policy;

(
p)
Chair
of
the
Council
of
Economic
Advisors;
and
(
q)
Such
other
officials
of
executive
departments
and
agencies
as
the
President
may,

from
time
to
time,
designate.

Members
of
the
Task
Force
may
delegate
their
responsibilities
under
this
order
to
subordinates.
3­
4
3­
304.
Functions.
The
Task
Force
shall
recommend
to
the
President
Federal
strategies
for
children's
environmental
health
and
safety,
within
the
limits
of
the
Administration's
budget,
to
include
the
following
elements:

(
a)
statements
of
principles,
general
policy,
and
targeted
annual
priorities
to
guide
the
Federal
approach
to
achieving
the
goals
of
this
order;

(
b)
a
coordinated
research
agenda
for
the
Federal
Government,
including
steps
to
implement
the
review
of
research
databases
described
in
Section
4
of
this
order;

(
c)
recommendations
for
appropriate
partnerships
among
Federal,
State,
local,
and
tribal
governments
and
the
private,
academic,
and
nonprofit
sectors;

(
d)
proposals
to
enhance
public
outreach
and
communication
to
assist
families
in
evaluating
risks
to
children
and
in
making
informed
consumer
choices;

(
e)
an
identification
of
high­
priority
initiatives
that
the
Federal
Government
has
undertaken
or
will
undertake
in
advancing
protection
of
children's
environmental
health
and
safety;
and
(
f)
a
statement
regarding
the
desirability
of
new
legislation
to
fulfill
or
promote
the
purposes
of
this
order.
APPENDIX
4
Asthma
in
America
Survey
Confirmation
4­
1
Page
1
of
1
Kelly
Ralston
From:
Behrens,
Lisa
R
<
lb48689@
GlaxoWellcome.
com>

To:
<
kralston@
scainc.
com>

Cc:
`
Enright,
Pat'
<
patricia.
enright@
dc.
ogilvypr.
com>

Sent:
Thursday,
December
14,
2000
10:
58
AM
Subject:
Asthma
in
America
Dear
Kelly,

Your
inquiry
about
the
Asthma
in
America
Survey
was
forwarded
to
me,
at
Glaxo
Wellcome
(
survey
sponsor).
We
did
not
investigate
asthma
triggers
or
trigger
control
to
any
extent
in
the
survey,
but
rather,
focused
on
symptom
history,
asthma
severity,
perception
of
control,
medical
management,

physical/
lifestyle
limitations,
etc.
A
copy
of
the
executive
summary
can
be
accessed
at
www.
asthmainamerica.
com.
The
questions,
which
yielded
the
survey
data
in
this
summary,
are
located
at
the
bottom
of
each
graph.
I'd
be
happy
to
put
a
hard
copy
of
the
executive
summary
in
the
mail
to
you.
If
you
have
any
other
questions,
feel
free
to
get
in
touch
with
me
at
numbers,

addresses,
listed
below.
Thanks.
APPENDIX
5
Draft
Federal
Register
Notice
5­
1
U.
S.
ENVIRONMENTAL
PROTECTION
AGENCY
[
FRL­]

Agency
Information
Collection
Activities:
Proposed
Collection;
Comment
Request;

National
Survey
on
Environmental
Management
of
Asthma
AGENCY:
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency
(
EPA).

ACTION:
Notice.

SUMMARY:
In
compliance
with
the
Paperwork
Reduction
Act
(
44
U.
S.
C.
3501
et
seq.),
this
document
announces
that
EPA
is
planning
to
submit
the
following
proposed
Information
Collection
Request
(
ICR)
to
the
Office
of
Management
and
Budget
(
OMB):
National
Survey
on
Environmental
Management
of
Asthma,
EPA
ICR
Number
1996.01.
Before
submitting
the
ICR
to
OMB
for
review
and
approval,
EPA
is
soliciting
comments
on
specific
aspects
of
the
proposed
information
collection
as
described
below.

DATES:
Comments
must
be
submitted
on
or
before
[
Insert
date
60
days
after
publication
in
the
FEDERAL
REGISTER].

ADDRESSES:
To
obtain
a
copy
of
the
ICR
without
charge,
contact:
Dr.
Susan
Conrath,
Indoor
Environments
Division,
Office
of
Radiation
and
Indoor
Air,
U.
S.
Environmental
Protection
Agency,
1200
Pennsylvania
Avenue,
NW,
(
6609J),
Washington,
D.
C.
20460.

FOR
FURTHER
INFORMATION
CONTACT:
Dr.
Susan
Conrath
by
phone
at
(
202)
564­
9389
or
by
e­
mail
at
conrath.
susan@
epa.
gov.

SUPPLEMENTARY
INFORMATION:

Affected
entities:
Entities
potentially
affected
by
this
action
are
all
individuals
throughout
the
United
States
with
publicly
listed
residential
telephone
numbers.
5­
2
Title:
National
Survey
on
Environmental
Management
of
Asthma
(
EPA
ICR
No.

1996.01)
expiring
/
/
.

Abstract:
EPA
is
working
to
integrate
the
management
of
environmental
factors
with
the
medical
treatment
of
asthma,
particularly
among
children
and
low­
income
populations.
To
evaluate
the
effectiveness
of
its
current
outreach
efforts,
EPA
proposes
to
collect
data
from
individual
U.
S.
households
through
a
telephone
survey.
This
survey
will
be
used
to
gain
information
regarding
the
number
of
individuals
with
asthma
who
have
taken
steps
to
improve
the
quality
of
their
indoor
environment
as
part
of
their
approach
to
managing
the
disease,
as
well
as
any
barriers
they
may
have
encountered
while
attempting
to
do
so.
EPA
will
compare
the
data
gained
from
this
survey
to
the
Agency's
established
Government
Performance
and
Results
Act
of
1993
(
GPRA)
goal.
Specifically,
EPA's
goal
is
that
2.5
million
people
with
asthma,
including
one
million
children
and
200,000
low­
income
adults,
will
have
taken
steps
to
reduce
their
exposure
to
indoor
environmental
asthma
triggers
by
2005.

EPA
will
conduct
this
survey
in
two
phases.
First,
EPA
will
contact
52,591
people
who
will
participate
in
a
screening
survey.
These
individuals
will
be
chosen
randomly
from
U.
S.

households
with
a
publicly
listed
telephone
number.
EPA
expects
that
10
percent,
or
5,259
individuals,
will
either
have
asthma
or
live
in
a
household
with
someone
who
does.
After
responding
to
several
screening
questions,
adult
asthmatics
and
parents
of
children
with
asthma
will
be
invited
to
participate
in
a
longer,
more
in­
depth
telephone
survey.
In
this
second
phase,

EPA
expects
to
obtain
completed
survey
responses
from
3,308
individuals.
This
sample
size
will
allow
the
Agency
to
draw
statistically
valid
conclusions
regarding
the
number
of
people
with
asthma
who
are
taking
action
to
reduce
their
exposure
to
environmental
triggers.
5­
3
EPA
intends
to
over
sample
in
communities
known
to
have
a
high
percentage
of
lowincome
households
to
ensure
that
the
Agency
is
able
to
evaluate
the
effectiveness
of
its
outreach
efforts
to
this
target
population.

The
National
Survey
on
Environmental
Management
of
Asthma
is
voluntary
and
will
be
conducted
once
during
the
period
in
which
this
ICR
is
in
effect.
EPA
does
not
expect
to
receive
confidential
information
from
the
individuals
who
voluntarily
participate
in
the
survey.
However,

if
a
respondent
does
consider
the
information
submitted
to
be
of
a
proprietary
nature,
EPA
will
assure
its
confidentiality
based
on
the
provisions
of
40
CFR
Part
2,
Subpart
B,
"
Confidentiality
of
Business
Information."

An
agency
may
not
conduct
or
sponsor,
and
a
person
is
not
required
to
respond
to,
a
collection
of
information
unless
it
displays
a
currently
valid
OMB
control
number.
The
OMB
control
numbers
for
EPA's
regulations
are
listed
in
40
CFR
Part
9
and
48
CFR
Chapter
15.

The
EPA
would
like
to
solicit
comments
to:

(
i)
evaluate
whether
the
proposed
collection
of
information
is
necessary
for
the
proper
performance
of
the
functions
of
the
Agency,
including
whether
the
information
will
have
practical
utility;

(
ii)
evaluate
the
accuracy
of
the
Agency's
estimate
of
the
burden
of
the
proposed
collection
of
information,
including
the
validity
of
the
methodology
and
assumptions
used;

(
iii)
enhance
the
quality,
utility,
and
clarity
of
the
information
to
be
collected;
and
(
iv)
minimize
the
burden
of
the
collection
of
information
on
those
who
are
to
respond,

including
through
the
use
of
appropriate
automated
electronic,
mechanical,
or
other
technological
collection
techniques
or
other
forms
of
information
technology,
e.
g.,

permitting
electronic
submission
of
responses.
5­
4
Burden
Statement:
EPA
estimates
the
annual
public
reporting
and
record
keeping
burden
for
this
collection
of
information
to
range
from
between
1.5
minutes
and
16
minutes
per
response,

depending
on
whether
or
not
the
survey
respondent
has
asthma
or
lives
with
someone
who
has
asthma.
Burden
means
the
total
time,
effort,
or
financial
resources
expended
by
persons
to
generate,
maintain,
retain,
or
disclose
or
provide
information
to
or
for
a
Federal
agency.
This
includes
the
time
needed
to:
review
instructions;
develop,
acquire,
install,
and
utilize
technology
and
systems
for
the
purposes
of
collecting,
validating,
and
verifying
information,
processing
and
maintaining
information,
and
disclosing
and
providing
information;
adjust
the
existing
ways
to
comply
with
any
previously
applicable
instructions
and
requirements;
train
personnel
to
be
able
to
respond
to
a
collection
of
information;
search
data
sources;
complete
and
review
the
collection
of
information;
and
transmit
or
otherwise
disclose
the
information.

This
survey
effort
is
expected
to
cost
approximately
$
0.75
per
respondent
living
in
a
nonasthmatic
household;
$
1.75
per
respondent
living
in
an
asthmatic
household,
but
participating
only
in
the
screening
survey;
and
$
8.00
per
respondent
participating
in
both
the
screening
survey
and
the
survey
itself.
Respondents
will
incur
no
capital,
start­
up
costs,
or
operation
and
maintenance
costs
as
a
result
of
this
survey.

Dated:
________________
[
Signature
of
Program
Official]
Mary
T.
Smith
Director,
Indoor
Environments
Division
Billing
Code:
6560­
50­
P
APPENDIX
6
Sampling
Frame
for
EPA's
National
Survey
on
Environmental
Management
of
Asthma
6­
1
APPENDIX
6
The
Sampling
Frame
The
National
Survey
on
Environmental
Management
of
Asthma
will
be
administered
to
members
of
the
general
population
selected
randomly
from
all
households
in
the
United
States
with
publicly
listed
telephone
numbers.
EPA
estimates
that
approximately
87,652
households
will
comprise
the
sampling
frame
for
this
survey.
EPA
intends
to
over
sample
in
communities
known
to
have
a
high
percentage
of
low­
income
households
to
ensure
that
the
Agency
gains
sufficient
information
from
this
particular
population
to
draw
valid
conclusions
regarding
its
outreach
efforts.
2000
Census
information,
provided
by
the
U.
S.
Census
Bureau,
will
be
used
in
conjunction
with
the
telephone
listing
to
identify
low­
income
populations.
APPENDIX
7
Bibliography
7­
1
APPENDIX
7
Bibliography
Bull,
S.
B.,
L.
L.
Peterson,
M.
J.
Ashley,
and
N.
M.
Lefcoe,
"
Intensity
of
Followup:
Effects
on
Estimates
in
a
Population
Telephone
Survey
with
an
Extension
of
Kish's
Approach,"
American
Journal
of
Epidemiology,
Vol.
127,
No.
3,
1988.

Hemmelgarn,
B.,
"
Increasing
Response
Rates
in
Community
Health
Surveys,"
Canadian
Journal
of
Public
Health/
Revue
Canadienne
de
Sante
Publique,
Vol.
82,
No.
5,
1991.

Hornik,
J.,
T.
Zaig,
D.
Shadmon,
and
G.
I.
Barbash,
"
Comparison
of
Three
Inducement
Techniques
to
Improve
Compliance
in
a
Health
Survey
Conducted
by
Telephone,"
Public
Health
Reports,
Vol.
105,
No.
5,
1990.

Kristal,
A.
R.,
et
al.,
"
Effects
of
Enhanced
Calling
Efforts
on
Response
Rates,
Estimates
of
Health
Behavior,
and
Costs
in
a
Telephone
Health
Survey
Using
Random
Digit
Dialing,"
Public
Health
Reports,
Vol.
108,
No.
3,
1993.

Levy,
P.
S.
and
S.
Lemeshow,
Sampling
of
Populations:
Methods
and
Applications,
John
Wiley
&
Sons,
New
York,
NY,
1991.

Mannino,
D.
M.,
Personal
communication
based
on
the
National
Health
Interview
Survey.

National
Center
for
Environmental
Health,
Centers
for
Disease
Control
and
Prevention,
2000.

Mishra,
S.
I.,
D.
Dooley,
R.
Catalano,
and
S.
Serxner,
"
Telephone
Health
Surveys:
Potential
Bias
From
Noncompletion,"
American
Journal
of
Public
Health,
Vol.
83,
No.
1,
1993.
