
[Federal Register Volume 80, Number 136 (Thursday, July 16, 2015)]
[Rules and Regulations]
[Pages 42053-42066]
From the Federal Register Online via the Government Publishing Office [www.gpo.gov]
[FR Doc No: 2015-17469]


-----------------------------------------------------------------------

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY

40 CFR Part 82

[EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118; FRL-9930-55-OAR]
RIN 2060-AG12


Protection of Stratospheric Ozone: Determination 30 for 
Significant New Alternatives Policy Program

AGENCY: Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

ACTION: Determination of acceptability.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

SUMMARY: This determination of acceptability expands the list of 
acceptable substitutes pursuant to the U.S. Environmental Protection 
Agency's (EPA) Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program. This 
action lists as acceptable additional substitutes for use in the 
refrigeration and air conditioning; foam blowing; solvent cleaning; 
aerosols; and adhesives, coatings, and inks sectors.

DATES: This determination is effective on July 16, 2015.

ADDRESSES: EPA established a docket for this action under Docket ID No. 
EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 (continuation of Air Docket A-91-42). All 
electronic documents in the docket are listed in the index at 
www.regulations.gov. Although listed in the index, some information is 
not publicly available, i.e., Confidential Business Information (CBI) 
or other information whose disclosure is restricted by statute. 
Publicly available docket materials are available either electronically 
at www.regulations.gov or in hard copy at the EPA Air Docket (Nos. A-
91-42 and EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118), EPA Docket Center (EPA/DC), William J. 
Clinton West, Room 3334, 1301 Constitution Avenue NW., Washington, DC 
20460. The Public Reading Room is open from 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., 
Monday through Friday, excluding legal holidays. The telephone number 
for the Public Reading Room is (202) 566-1744, and the telephone number 
for the Air Docket is (202) 566-1742.

FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Gerald Wozniak by telephone at (202) 
343-9624, by email at wozniak.gerald@epa.gov, or by mail at U.S. 
Environmental Protection Agency, Mail Code 6205T, 1200 Pennsylvania 
Avenue NW., Washington, DC 20460. Overnight or courier deliveries 
should be sent to the office location at 1201 Constitution Avenue NW., 
Washington, DC 20004.
    For more information on the Agency's process for administering the 
SNAP program or criteria for the evaluation of substitutes, refer to 
the original SNAP rulemaking published in the Federal Register on March 
18, 1994 (59 FR 13,044). Notices and rulemakings under the SNAP 
program, as well as other EPA publications on protection of 
stratospheric ozone, are available at EPA's Ozone Depletion Web site at 
www.epa.gov/ozone/strathome.html including the SNAP portion at 
www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/.

SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION:
I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes
    A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
    B. Foam Blowing
    C. Solvent Cleaning
    D. Aerosols
    E. Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks
II. Section 612 Program
    A. Statutory Requirements and Authority for the SNAP Program
    B. EPA's Regulations Implementing Section 612
    C. How the Regulations for the SNAP Program Work
    D. Additional Information about the SNAP Program
Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New Acceptable Substitutes

I. Listing of New Acceptable Substitutes

    This action presents EPA's most recent decision to list as 
acceptable several substitutes in the refrigeration and air 
conditioning; foam blowing; solvent cleaning; aerosols; and adhesives, 
coatings, and inks sectors. New substitutes are:
     R-450A in new vending machines;
     R-448A in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-
uses;
     R-513A in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-
uses;
     R-449A in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-
uses;

[[Page 42054]]

     Hydrofluoroolefin \1\ (HFO)-1336mzz(Z) in rigid 
polyurethane spray foam (high-pressure, two-part uses only); and
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \1\ Hydrofluoroolefins are unsaturated hydrofluorocarbons having 
at least one double bond.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

     Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) in non-
mechanical heat transfer, three solvent cleaning end-uses, aerosol 
solvents, and adhesives and coatings.
    For copies of the full list of acceptable substitutes for ozone 
depleting substances (ODS) in all industrial sectors, visit EPA's Ozone 
Layer Protection Web site at www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists/index.html. 
Substitutes listed as unacceptable; acceptable, subject to narrowed use 
limits; or acceptable, subject to use conditions are also listed in the 
appendices to 40 CFR part 82, subpart G.
    The sections below discuss each substitute listing in detail. 
Appendix A contains tables summarizing today's listing decisions for 
these new substitutes. The statements in the ``Further Information'' 
column in the tables provide additional information, but are not 
legally binding under section 612 of the Clean Air Act (CAA). In 
addition, the ``Further Information'' column may not include a 
comprehensive list of other legal obligations you may need to meet when 
using the substitute. Although you are not required to follow 
recommendations in the ``Further Information'' column of the table to 
use a substitute consistent with section 612 of the CAA, some of these 
statements may refer to obligations that are enforceable or binding 
under federal or state programs other than the SNAP program. In many 
instances, the information simply refers to standard operating 
practices in existing industry standards and/or building codes. When 
using these substitutes, EPA strongly encourages you to apply the 
information in this column. Many of these recommendations, if adopted, 
would not require significant changes to existing operating practices.
    You can find submissions to EPA for the substitutes listed in this 
document, as well as other materials supporting the decisions in this 
action, in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 at www.regulations.gov.

A. Refrigeration and Air Conditioning

1. R-450A
    EPA's decision: EPA finds R-450A acceptable as a substitute for use 
in new equipment in vending machines.
    R-450A, marketed under the trade name Solstice[supreg] N-13, is a 
weighted blend of 42 percent hydrofluorocarbon (HFC)-134a, which is 
also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811-97-2) and 58 
percent HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-1,3,3,3-
tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9).
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Solstice[supreg] N-13 (R-450A) 
SNAP Information Notice.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the 
health and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments 
are available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following name:
     ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Retail Food 
Refrigeration, Vending Machines, and Commercial Ice Machines 
Substitute: R-450A''
    EPA previously listed R-450A as acceptable for use as a refrigerant 
in several refrigeration and air conditioning end-uses (October 21, 
2014, 79 FR 62,863).
    Environmental information: R-450A has an ozone depletion potential 
(ODP) of zero. Its components, HFC-134a and HFO-1234ze(E), have global 
warming potentials (GWPs) of 1,430 \2\ and one to six,\3\ respectively. 
When these values are weighted by mass percentage, then R-450A has a 
100-year integrated GWP (100-yr GWP) of about 600. The components of R-
450A are both excluded from the definition of volatile organic 
compounds (VOC) under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing 
the development of state implementation plans (SIPs) to attain and 
maintain the national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS). Knowingly 
venting or releasing this refrigerant blend is limited by the venting 
prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 
82.154(a)(1).\4\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \2\ Unless otherwise stated, all GWPs in this document are from: 
IPCC, 2007: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. 
Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of 
the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., Qin, D., 
Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K. B., Tignor M., and 
Miller, H. L. (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United 
Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. This document is accessible at 
www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/contents.html.
    \3\ Hodnebrog, [Oslash]., Etminan, M., Fuglestvedt, J. S., 
Marston, G., Myhre, G., Nielsen, C. J., Shine, K. P., Wallington, T. 
J., Global Warming Potentials and Radiative Efficiencies of 
Halocarbons and Related Compounds: A Comprehensive Review, Reviews 
of Geophysics, 51, 300-378, doi:10.1002/rog.20013, 2013; Javadi, M. 
S., S[oslash]ndergaard, R., Nielsen, O. J., Hurley, M. D., and 
Wallington, T. J.: Atmospheric chemistry of trans-CF3CH=CHF: 
products and mechanisms of hydroxyl radical and chlorine atom 
initiated oxidation. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 8, 3141-
3147, 2008.
    \4\ For more information, including definitions, see 40 CFR part 
82 subpart F.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Flammability information: R-450A as formulated and in the worst-
case fractionation formulation is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to 
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may 
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high 
concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The 
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a 
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many 
refrigerants.
    The American Industrial Hygiene Association (AIHA) has established 
Workplace Environmental Exposure Levels (WEELs) of 1,000 ppm and 800 
ppm as 8-hour time-weighted averages (TWAs) for HFC-134a and HFO-
1234ze(E), the components of R-450A, respectively. The manufacturer of 
R-450A recommends an acceptable exposure limit (AEL) for the workplace 
of 880 ppm on an 8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA anticipates that users 
will be able to meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the manufacturer's AEL, 
and address potential health risks by following requirements and 
recommendations in the manufacturer's safety data sheet (SDS), in the 
American Society for Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning 
Engineers (ASHRAE) Standard 15, and other safety precautions common to 
the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in this end-use: R-450A has an ODP 
of zero, comparable \5\ to or lower than other listed substitutes. R-
450A's GWP of about 600 is higher than that of some acceptable 
substitutes in this end-use, such as CO2 with a GWP of one 
and propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600a), and R-441A with GWPs ranging 
from three to eight; is comparable to IKON-B's GWP of approximately 
550; and is lower than FRIGC FR-12's GWP of approximately 1,080.\6\ 
Flammability risks are low, as discussed above, and are comparable to 
flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-use. 
The toxicity risks are similar to those for many other refrigerants 
and, as with those other refrigerants, can be minimized by use 
consistent with the AIHA WEELs, ASHRAE 15 and other

[[Page 42055]]

industry standards, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety 
precautions common in the refrigeration and air conditioning industry; 
moreover, these risks are common to many refrigerants, including many 
of those already listed as acceptable under SNAP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \5\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS 
hydrochlorofluorocarbon (HCFC)-22 with an ODP of 0.055.
    \6\ Propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600a), and R-441A are 
acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three 
substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes 
to 150 grams (g) or less and thus may limit their use for equipment 
that requires larger charge sizes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA finds R-450A acceptable in the end-use listed above, because 
the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R-450A is 
lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes 
acceptable in the same end-use.
2. R-448A
    EPA's decision: EPA finds R-448A acceptable as a substitute for use 
in:

 Commercial ice machines (new and retrofit equipment)
 Refrigerated transport (new and retrofit equipment)
 Retail food refrigeration--low-temperature stand-alone 
equipment (i.e., equipment designed to maintain internal temperatures 
at 32 [deg]F (0[deg] C) or below) (new and retrofit equipment)
 Retail food refrigeration--supermarket systems and remote 
condensing units (new and retrofit equipment)

    R-448A, marketed under the trade name Solstice[supreg] N-40, is a 
weighted blend of 26 percent HFC-32, which is also known as 
difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-10-5); 26 percent HFC-125, which is 
also known as 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354-33-6); 21 
percent HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS 
Reg. No. 811-97-2); 20 percent HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No 754-12-1); and 7 percent 
HFO-1234ze(E), which is also known as trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-
ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9).
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Solstice[supreg] N-40 (R-448A) 
SNAP Information Notice.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the 
health and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments 
are available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following names:
     ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Retail Food 
Refrigeration and Commercial Ice Machines Substitute: R-448A''
     ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Refrigerated 
Transport Substitute: R-448A''
    Environmental information: R-448A has an ODP of zero. Its 
components, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, HFO-1234yf, and HFO-1234ze(E) 
have GWPs of 675; 3,500; 1,430; one to four; 7 8 and one to 
six; \9\ respectively. If these values are weighted by mass percentage, 
then R-448A has a GWP of about 1,390. The components of R-448A are 
excluded from the definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 
51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and maintain 
the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant blend is 
limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, 
codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \7\ Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op. cit.
    \8\ Nielsen, O. J., Javadi, M. S., Sulbaek Andersen, M. P., 
Hurley, M. D., Wallington, T. J., Singh, R. Atmospheric chemistry of 
CF3CF=CH2: Kinetics and mechanisms of gas-
phase reactions with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O3. 
Chemical Physics Letters 439, 18-22, 2007.
    \9\ Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Javadi et al., 2008. Op. cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Flammability information: R-448A as formulated and in the worst-
case fractionation formulation is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to 
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may 
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high 
concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The 
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a 
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many 
refrigerants.
    The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for HFC-
32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for HFO-
1234ze(E), the components of R-448A. The manufacturer of R-448A 
recommends an AEL of 890 ppm on an 8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA 
anticipates that users will be able to meet the AIHA WEELs and 
manufacturer's AEL, and address potential health risks by following 
requirements and recommendations in the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other 
safety precautions common to the refrigeration and air conditioning 
industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: R-448A has an 
ODP of zero, comparable \10\ to or lower than the other substitutes 
acceptable in these end-uses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \10\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS 
chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-12, R-502A, and HCFC-22 with ODPs ranging 
from 0.055 to 1.0.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In refrigerated transport, many substitutes listed as acceptable 
have comparable or higher GWPs, such as HFC-134a, R-404A, and other HFC 
refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging from 1,430 to approximately 
3,990; other substitutes listed as acceptable substitutes for 
refrigerated transport have a lower GWP including R-450A, 
CO2, direct nitrogen expansion, and Stirling cycle, with 
GWPs ranging from zero to about 600.
    For commercial ice machines, many substitutes listed as acceptable 
have comparable or higher GWPs, such as HFC-134a, R-404A, and other HFC 
blends with GWPs ranging from approximately 1,400 to 3,990; other 
substitutes listed as acceptable substitutes for commercial ice 
machines have a lower GWP including ammonia absorption, ammonia vapor 
compression, Stirling cycle, and R-450A with GWPs ranging from zero to 
about 600.
    R-448A's GWP of about 1,390 is comparable to or lower than a number 
of other substitutes listed as acceptable in retail food 
refrigeration--supermarket systems and remote condensing units, 
including three of the more commonly used substitutes at this time: 
HFC-134a, R-407A, and R-407C, with GWPs ranging from 1,430 to 
approximately 2,110. R-448A's GWP of about 1,390 is higher than the GWP 
of some other acceptable substitutes in retail food refrigeration--
supermarket refrigeration systems and remote condensing units, 
including CO2 with a GWP of one and R-450A with a GWP of 
about 600.
    R-448A's GWP of about 1,390 is comparable to the GWP of several 
refrigerants listed as acceptable for the retail food refrigeration-
low-temperature stand-alone equipment end-use: HFC-134a with a GWP of 
1430 and a number of HFC blends with GWPs in the range of 1,100 to 
1,500.\11\ The GWP of R-448A is higher than that of some other listed 
substitutes for the low-temperature stand-alone equipment end-use, 
including CO2, propane, isobutane, and R-441A (with GWPs 
ranging from one to eight).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \11\ Historically, under the SNAP listings, we have not 
subdivided the retail food refrigeration--stand-alone equipment end-
use. In the final rule that changes the status of certain 
refrigerants for this end-use and which we are issuing 
contemporaneously with this action, we have determined that the 
refrigerant choices for low-temperature stand-alone equipment, for 
which greater cooling capacity is required, are more limited than 
for other stand-alone equipment (which we refer to as medium-
temperature equipment). In that action, we subdivided the stand-
alone equipment end-use. Therefore, in this action we are evaluating 
low-temperature equipment and medium-temperature equipment as 
separate end-uses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Flammability risks are low, as discussed above, and are comparable 
to flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-
uses. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the AIHA 
WEELs,

[[Page 42056]]

ASHRAE 15, and other industry standards, recommendations in the SDS, 
and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air 
conditioning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many 
refrigerants, including many of those already listed as acceptable 
under SNAP for these same end-uses.
    EPA finds R-448A acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because 
the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R-448A is 
lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found 
acceptable in the same end-uses.
3. R-513A
    EPA's decision: EPA finds R-513A acceptable as a substitute for use 
in:

 Centrifugal chillers (new and retrofit equipment)
 Cold storage warehouses (new and retrofit equipment)
 Commercial ice machines (new and retrofit equipment)
 Household refrigerators and freezers (new and retrofit 
equipment)
 Industrial process air-conditioning (new and retrofit 
equipment)
 Industrial process refrigeration (new and retrofit equipment)
 Reciprocating, screw and scroll chillers (new and retrofit 
equipment)
 Refrigerated transport (new and retrofit equipment)
 Retail food refrigeration--low-temperature and medium-
temperature \12\ stand-alone equipment (new and retrofit equipment)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \12\ As provided in the listing decision for R-448A for retail 
food refrigeration, we are making separate listing decisions for 
low-temperature stand-alone equipment (i.e. equipment designed to 
maintain internal temperatures at 32 [deg]F (0 [deg]C) or below) and 
medium-temperature equipment (i.e., stand-alone equipment designed 
to maintain internal temperatures above 32 [deg]F (0 [deg]C).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

 Retail food refrigeration--supermarket systems and remote 
condensing units (new and retrofit equipment)
 Vending machines (new and retrofit equipment)
 Water coolers (new and retrofit equipment)

    R-513A, marketed under the trade name Opteon[supreg] XP 10, is a 
weighted blend of 44 percent HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2 
tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 811-97-2); and 56 percent HFO-1234yf, 
which is also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-
12-1).
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Opteon[supreg] XP 10 (R-513A) 
SNAP Information Notice.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the 
health and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments 
are available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following names:

 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Chillers and 
Industrial Process Air Conditioning Substitute: R-513A''
 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Cold Storage 
Warehouses and Industrial Process Refrigeration Substitute: R-513A''
 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Household 
Refrigerators and Freezers and Water Coolers Substitute: R-513A''
 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Refrigerated Transport 
Substitute: R-513A''
 ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Retail Food 
Refrigeration, Vending Machines, and Commercial Ice Machines 
Substitute: R-513A''

    Environmental information: R-513A has an ODP of zero. Its 
components, HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, have GWPs of 1,430 and one to 
four,\13\ respectively. If these values are weighted by mass 
percentage, then R-513A has a GWP of about 630. The components of R-
513A are both excluded from the definition of VOC under CAA regulations 
(see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and 
maintain the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant 
blend is limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of 
the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \13\ Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Nielsen et al., 2007. Op. cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Flammability information: R-513A as formulated and in the worst-
case fractionation formulation is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to 
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may 
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high 
concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The 
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a 
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many 
refrigerants.
    The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm and 500 ppm as an 8-
hour TWA for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf, respectively, the components of 
R-513A. The manufacturer of R-513A recommends an AEL of 653 ppm on an 
8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA anticipates that users will be able to 
meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the manufacturer's AEL, and address 
potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in 
the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other safety precautions common to the 
refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: R-513A has an 
ODP of zero, comparable \14\ to or lower than other listed substitutes 
in these end-uses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \14\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS CFC-12, R-
502A, and HCFC-22 with ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.0.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    R-513A's GWP of about 630 is comparable to or lower than a number 
of other substitutes in retail food refrigeration--supermarket systems 
and remote condensing units, including R-450A, HFC-134a, R-407A, R-
407C, and a number of HFC blends, with GWPs ranging from approximately 
600 to 2,110. R-513's GWP of about 630 is higher than those of some 
other acceptable substitutes in new retail food refrigeration--
supermarket refrigeration systems and remote condensing units, 
including CO2 with a GWP of one.
    In retail food refrigeration--low-temperature stand-alone 
equipment, R-513A's GWP of about 630 is comparable to or lower than a 
number of other substitutes, including IKON B, R-450A, FRIGC FR-12, 
HFC-134a, and R-426Awith GWPs ranging from approximately 550 to 
approximately 1,500. In retail food-refrigeration--medium temperature 
stand-alone equipment and vending machines, R-513A's GWP of about 630 
is higher than that of some acceptable substitutes in this end-use, 
such as CO2 with a GWP of one and propane (R-290), isobutane 
(R-600a), and R-441A with GWPs ranging from three to eight; is 
comparable to the GWPs of IKON-B and R-450A, which are approximately 
550 to 600; and is lower than FRIGC FR-12's GWP of approximately 
1,080.\15\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \15\ Propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600a), and R-441A are 
acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three 
substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes 
to 150 g or less and thus may limit their use for equipment that 
requires larger charge sizes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In refrigerated transport, many substitutes listed as acceptable 
have comparable or higher GWPs, such as R-450A, HFC-134a, R-404A, and 
other HFC refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging from approximately 600 
to approximately 3,990; acceptable substitutes for refrigerated 
transport with a lower GWP include CO2, direct nitrogen 
expansion, and Stirling cycle, with GWPs in the range of zero to one.
    For cold storage warehouses and industrial process refrigeration, 
many substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs, 
such as R-

[[Page 42057]]

450A, HFC-134a, R-404A, and other HFC refrigerant blends, with GWPs 
ranging from approximately 600 to approximately 3,990; acceptable 
substitutes for new cold storage warehouses and for industrial process 
refrigeration with a lower GWP include CO2 and ammonia with 
GWPs in the range of zero to one.
    For commercial ice machines, most other substitutes listed as 
acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs, such as R-450A, R-404A and 
other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from approximately 600 to 3,990. 
Ammonia vapor compression with a GWP of zero is also an acceptable 
substitute in this end-use.
    In household refrigerators and freezers, many substitutes listed as 
acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs than R-513A, such as R-450A, 
R-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from 
approximately 600 to 3,990. R-513A's GWP of approximately 630 is higher 
than those of some other acceptable substitutes in this end-use for new 
equipment, including propane, isobutane, and R-441A \16\ (with GWPs 
ranging from three to eight), and HFC-152a with a GWP of 124.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \16\ Propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600a), and R-441Aare 
acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three 
substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes 
to 57 g or less and thus may limit their use for equipment that 
requires larger charge sizes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    For centrifugal, reciprocating, screw and scroll chillers, most 
other substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs, 
such as R-450A, R-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging 
from approximately 600 to 3,990. In these end-uses, acceptable 
substitutes with lower GWPs for new equipment include ammonia 
absorption and ammonia vapor compression, HFO-1234ze(E), and for 
centrifugal chillers only, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3,-trifluoroprop-1-ene, 
with GWPs in the range of zero to seven.
    For industrial process air conditioning and water coolers, all 
other substitutes listed as acceptable have comparable or higher GWPs, 
such as R-450A, R-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging 
from approximately 600 to 3,990.
    Flammability risks are low, as discussed above, and are comparable 
to flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-
uses. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the AIHA 
WEELs, ASHRAE 15 and other industry standards, recommendations in the 
SDS, and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air 
conditioning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many 
refrigerants, including many of those already listed as acceptable 
under SNAP for these same end-uses.
    EPA finds R-513A acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because 
the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R-513A is 
lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found 
acceptable in the same end-uses.
4. R-449A
    EPA's decision: EPA finds R-449A acceptable as a substitute for use 
in:

 Commercial ice machines (new and retrofit equipment)
 Refrigerated transport (new and retrofit equipment)
 Retail food refrigeration--low-temperature stand-alone 
equipment (new and retrofit equipment)
 Retail food refrigeration--supermarket systems and remote 
condensing units (new and retrofit equipment)

    R-449A, marketed under the trade name Opteon[supreg] XP 40, is a 
weighted blend of 24.3 percent HFC-32, which is also known as 
difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-10-5); 24.7 percent HFC-125, which is 
also known as 1,1,1,2,2-pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No. 354-33-6); 25.7 
percent HFC-134a, which is also known as 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS 
Reg. No. 811-97-2); and 25.3 percent HFO-1234yf, which is also known as 
2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``Opteon[supreg] XP 40 (R-449A) 
SNAP Information Notice.'' EPA performed assessments to examine the 
health and environmental risks of this substitute. These assessments 
are available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the following names:
     ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Refrigerated 
Transport Substitute:
    R-449A''
     ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Use in Retail Food 
Refrigeration and
    Commercial Ice Machines Substitute: R-449A''
    Environmental information: R-449A has an ODP of zero. Its 
components, HFC-32, HFC-125, HFC-134a, and HFO-1234yf have GWPs of 675; 
3,500; 1,430; and one to four,\17\ respectively. If these values are 
weighted by mass percentage, then R-449A has a GWP of about 1,400. The 
components of R-449A are excluded from the definition of VOC under CAA 
regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs 
to attain and maintain the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this 
refrigerant blend is limited by the venting prohibition under section 
608(c)(2) of the CAA, codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \17\ Hodnebrog et al., 2013 and Nielsen et al., 2007. Op. cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Flammability information: R-449A as formulated and in the worst-
case fractionation formulation is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to 
this substitute include drowsiness or dizziness. The substitute may 
also irritate the skin or eyes or cause frostbite. At sufficiently high 
concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The 
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a 
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many 
refrigerants.
    The AIHA has established WEELs of 1,000 ppm as an 8-hr TWA for HFC-
32, HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500 ppm for HFO-1234yf, the components 
of R-449A. The manufacturer of R-449A recommends an AEL of 830 ppm on 
an 8-hour TWA for the blend. EPA anticipates that users will be able to 
meet each of the AIHA WEELs and the manufacturer's AEL and address 
potential health risks by following requirements and recommendations in 
the SDS, in ASHRAE 15, and other safety precautions common to the 
refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: R-449A has an 
ODP of zero, comparable \18\ to or lower than the other substitutes 
acceptable in these end-uses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \18\ This is in contrast to the historically used ODS CFC-12, R-
502A, and HCFC-22 with ODPs ranging from 0.055 to 1.0.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    In refrigerated transport, many substitutes listed as acceptable 
have comparable or higher GWPs than R-449's GWP of about 1,400, such as 
HFC-134a, R-404A, and other HFC refrigerant blends, with GWPs ranging 
from 1,430 to approximately 3,990; other substitutes listed as 
acceptable substitutes for refrigerated transport have a lower GWP 
including R-450A, CO2, direct nitrogen expansion, and 
Stirling cycle, with GWPs ranging from zero to about 600.
    For commercial ice machines, many substitutes listed as acceptable 
have comparable or higher GWPs than R-449's GWP of about 1,400, such as 
HFC-134a, R-404A and other HFC blends with GWPs ranging from 
approximately 1,400 to 3,990; other substitutes listed as

[[Page 42058]]

acceptable substitutes for commercial ice machines have a lower GWP 
including ammonia absorption, ammonia vapor compression, Stirling cycle 
and R-450A, with GWPs ranging from zero to about 600.
    R-449A's GWP of about 1,400 is comparable to or lower than a number 
of other substitutes listed as acceptable in retail food 
refrigeration--supermarket systems and remote condensing units, 
including three of the more commonly used substitutes at this time: 
HFC-134a, R-407A, and R-407C, with GWPs ranging from 1,430 to 
approximately 2,110. R-449A's GWP of about 1,400 is higher than the GWP 
of some other acceptable substitutes in retail food refrigeration--
supermarket refrigeration systems and remote condensing units, 
including CO2 with a GWP of one and R-450A with a GWP of 
about 600.
    R-449A's GWP of about 1,400 is comparable to the GWP of substitutes 
listed as acceptable for retail food refrigeration--low-temperature 
stand-alone equipment, including HFC-134a of 1,430 and a number of HFC 
blends with GWPs in the range of 1,100 to 1,500 and is higher than 
those of some other listed substitutes in this end-use, including 
CO2 with a GWP of one and propane, isobutane, and R-441A 
(with GWPs ranging from three to eight).\19\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \19\ Propane (R-290), isobutane (R-600a), and R-441A are 
acceptable, subject to use conditions, in this end-use. These three 
substitutes are subject to a use condition restricting charge sizes 
to 150 g or less and thus may limit their use for equipment that 
requires larger charge sizes.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Flammability risks are low, as discussed above, and are comparable 
to flammability risks of other available substitutes in the same end-
uses. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with the AIHA 
WEELs, ASHRAE 15 and other industry standards, recommendations in the 
SDS, and other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air 
conditioning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many 
refrigerants, including many of those already listed as acceptable 
under SNAP in these same end-uses.
    EPA finds R-449A acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because 
the overall environmental and human health risk posed by R-449A is 
lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found 
acceptable in the same end-uses.
5. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene Isomers (MPHE)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 
acceptable as a substitute for use in new and retrofit equipment in 
non-mechanical heat transfer.\20\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \20\ Acceptable substitutes for organic Rankine cycle have 
typically been included through listings in the non-mechanical heat 
transfer end-use. EPA may review organic Rankine cycle applications 
separately in the future.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    MPHE, marketed under the trade name SineraTM, is a HFO. 
It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, represented as 
C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-methoxy-
perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture 
(approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been 
identified, comprising more than 99% of the material.
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for 
Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.'' EPA 
performed an assessment to examine the health and environmental risks 
of this substitute. This assessment is available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-
2003-0118 under the following name, ``Risk Screen on Substitutes in 
Non-mechanical Heat Transfer Substitute: Methoxytridecafluoroheptene 
isomers.''
    Environmental information: MPHE has an ODP of zero. The 100-yr GWP 
of MPHE is 2.5 and it has an atmospheric lifetime of approximately nine 
days. MPHE is regulated as a VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 
51.100(s)) addressing the development of SIPs to attain and maintain 
the NAAQS. Knowingly venting or releasing this refrigerant blend is 
limited by the venting prohibition under section 608(c)(2) of the CAA, 
codified at 40 CFR 82.154(a)(1).
    Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of exposure to 
this substitute include serious eye irritation, skin irritation, and 
respiratory tract irritation. Ingestion of MPHE may also be harmful. 
The substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors 
in a confined space. These potential health effects are common to many 
refrigerants.
    EPA anticipates that MPHE will be used in a manner consistent with 
the recommendations specified in the SDS. The manufacturer recommends 
an AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA. EPA anticipates that users will be 
able to meet the AEL and address potential health risks by following 
requirements and recommendations in the SDS and in any other safety 
precautions common to the refrigeration and air conditioning industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in this end-use: MPHE has an ODP of 
zero, comparable \21\ to or lower than other acceptable substitutes in 
this same end-use. Additionally, MPHE's GWP of 2.5 is lower than or 
comparable to the GWP of other acceptable substitutes in the same end-
use, such as C7 Fluoroketone, HFO-1234ze(E), HFC-245fa, and HFC-125 
(with GWPs ranging from about one to 3,500). Flammability risks are 
low, as discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use 
consistent with the manufacturer's AEL, recommendations in the SDS, and 
other safety precautions common in the refrigeration and air 
conditioning industry; moreover, those risks are common to many heat 
transfer fluids, including many of those already listed as acceptable 
under SNAP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \21\ In contrast, the historically used ODS HCFC-123, HCFC-22, 
and CFC-113 have ODPs ranging from 0.01 to 0.8.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the end-use listed above, because the 
overall environmental and human health risk posed by MPHE is lower than 
or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable 
in the same end-use.

B. Foam Blowing

1. HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Formacel[supreg] 1100)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(Z) acceptable as a substitute 
for use in rigid polyurethane spray foam (high-pressure, two-part uses 
only).\22\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \22\ Historically, under the SNAP listings, we have not 
subdivided the rigid polyurethane (PU) spray foam end-use. In the 
final rule that we are issuing contemporaneously with this action, 
we have determined that the foam blowing agent choices differ for 
rigid PU high-pressure two-part spray foam, rigid PU low-pressure 
two-part spray foam, and rigid PU one-component foam sealants. 
Therefore, in this action we are evaluating high-pressure two-part 
spray foam as a separate end-use from rigid PU low-pressure two-part 
spray foam and rigid PU one-component foam sealants.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    HFO-1336mzz(Z) is also known as (Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene 
and cis-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene (CAS Reg. No. 692-49-9), and 
goes by the trade names of FEA-1100 and Formacel[supreg] 1100.
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for 
FEA-1100 as a Foam Blowing Agent Received 8/3/11.'' EPA performed an 
assessment to examine the health and environmental risks of this 
substitute. This assessment is available in docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
under the name, ``Risk Screen on Substitutes for Spray Foam Substitute: 
HFO-1336mzz(Z) (Formacel[supreg] 1100).''
    We have previously listed HFO-1336mzz(Z) as a foam blowing agent in

[[Page 42059]]

a number of other foam blowing end-uses (October 21, 2014, 79 FR 
62,863).
    Environmental information: HFO-1336mzz(Z) has an ODP of zero. It 
has a 100-yr GWP of about nine.\23\ HFO-1336mzz(Z) is a VOC. The 
manufacturer has petitioned EPA to exempt HFO-1336mzz(Z) from the 
definition of VOC under CAA regulations (see 40 CFR 51.100(s)), which 
addresses the development of SIPs to attain and maintain the NAAQS, 
based on its claim that the chemical exhibits low photochemical 
reactivity.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \23\ Baasandorj, M., Ravishankara, A.R., Burkholder, J.B., 
Atmospheric Chemistry of (Z)-CF3CH[boxH]CHCF3: OH Radical Reaction 
Rate Coefficient and Global Warming Potential, Journal of Physical 
Chemistry A, 2011, 115, 10,539-10,549, 2011.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Flammability information: HFO-1336mzz(Z) is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: Potential health effects of this 
substitute include skin or eye irritation or frostbite. At sufficiently 
high concentrations, the substitute may cause irregular heartbeat. The 
substitute could cause asphyxiation if air is displaced by vapors in a 
confined space. These potential health effects are common to many foam 
blowing agents. Additionally, as described in the Premanufacture Notice 
(PMN), exposure to consumers is expected to be minimal since HFO-
1336mzz(Z) is not domestically manufactured or used by consumers. EPA 
issued a Significant New Use Rule (SNUR) on June 5, 2015, to require 
persons to submit a Significant New Use Notice (SNUN) to EPA at least 
90 days before they manufacture or process HFO-1336mzz(Z) for consumer 
use (80 FR 32,003, 32,005).
    EPA anticipates that HFO-1336mzz(Z) will be used consistent with 
the recommendations specified in the SDS. The WEEL committee of the 
Occupational Alliance for Risk Science (OARS) recommends a WEEL for the 
workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA.\24\ EPA anticipates that users 
will be able to meet the WEEL and address potential health risks by 
following requirements and recommendations in the SDS and other safety 
precautions common to the foam blowing industry.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \24\ The documentation may be viewed at www.tera.org/OARS/HFO-1336mzz-Z%20WEEL%20FINAL.pdf.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    Comparison to other foam blowing agents: HFO-1336mzz(Z) has an ODP 
of zero, comparable \25\ to or lower than other acceptable non-ozone-
depleting substitutes for the rigid PU high-pressure, two-part spray 
foam end-use. HFO-1336mzz(Z)'s GWP of about nine is lower than or 
comparable to other acceptable substitutes in this end-use, such as 
HFC-245fa with a GWP of 1,070; commercial blends of HFC-365mfc and HFC-
227ea containing 7% to 13% HFC-227ea and the remainder HFC-365mfc, with 
GWPs ranging from about 900 to 1,100; trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-
trifluoroprop-1-ene and water, with GWPs of one to seven 
26 27 28 and zero, respectively. Flammability risks are low, 
as discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent 
with the OARS WEEL, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety 
precautions common in the foam blowing industry; moreover, those risks 
are common to many foam blowing agents, including many of those already 
listed as acceptable under SNAP for this end-use.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \25\ In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC-11 and HCFC-141b 
have ODPs ranging from 0.1 to 1.0.
    \26\ Wang D., Olsen S., and Wuebbles D. Preliminary Report: 
Analyses of tCFP's Potential Impact on Atmospheric Ozone. Department 
of Atmospheric Sciences. University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. 
September 26, 2011; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op. cit.
    \27\ Sulbaek Andersen, M.P., Nilsson, E.J.K., Nielsen, O.J., 
Johnson, M.S., Hurley, M.D., and Wallington, T.J. Atmospheric 
chemistry of trans-CF3CH=CHCl: Kinetics of the gas-phase reactions 
with Cl atoms, OH radicals, and O3'', Journal of 
Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 199, 92-97, 2008.
    \28\ Wang D., Olsen S., and Wuebbles D. Three-Dimensional Model 
Evaluation of the Global Warming Potentials for tCFP. Department of 
Atmospheric Sciences. University of Illinois, Urbana, IL. Draft 
report, undated.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA finds HFO-1336mzz(Z) acceptable in the end-use listed above, 
because the overall environmental and human health risk posed by HFO-
1336mzz(Z) is lower than or comparable to the risks posed by other 
substitutes found acceptable in the same end-use.

C. Solvent Cleaning

1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 
acceptable as a substitute for use in:

 Electronics cleaning
 Metals cleaning
 Precision cleaning

    MPHE, marketed under the trade name SionTM, is an HFO. 
It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, represented as 
C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-methoxy-
perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture 
(approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been 
identified, comprising more than 99% of the material.
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for 
Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.'' EPA 
performed an assessment to examine the health and environmental risks 
of this substitute. This assessment is available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-
2003-0118 under the name, ``Risk Screen on Substitutes in Metals 
Cleaning, Electronics Cleaning, and Precision Cleaning Substitute: 
Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.''
    Environmental information: The environmental information for this 
substitute is set forth in the ``Environmental information'' section in 
listing A.5.
    Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: The toxicity information for this 
substitute is set forth in the ``Toxicity and exposure data'' section 
in listing I.A.5. EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the 
manufacturer's AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hr TWA and address potential 
health risks by following requirements and recommendations in the SDS 
and in any other safety precautions common to the solvent cleaning 
industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: MPHE has an ODP 
of zero, comparable \29\ to or lower than the ODP of other substitutes 
in these three end-uses. MPHE's GWP of 2.5 is lower than or comparable 
to those of other acceptable substitutes in these three end-uses, such 
as acetone, trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, trans-1,2-
dichloroethylene, HFE-7100, and HFC-4310meewith GWPs of 0.5, one to 
seven,\30\ less than ten, 297, and 1,640, respectively. Flammability 
risks are low, as discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by 
use consistent with the manufacturer's AEL, recommendations in the SDS, 
and other safety precautions common in the solvent cleaning industry; 
moreover, those risks are common to many solvents, including many of 
those already listed as acceptable under SNAP for these same end-uses.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \29\ In contrast, the historically used ODS CFC-113, methyl 
chloroform, HCFC-225ca, and HCFC-225cb have ODPs ranging from 0.02 
to 0.8.
    \30\ Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al., 2008; and Wang 
et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because the 
overall environmental and human health risk posed by MPHE is lower than 
or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable 
in the same end-uses.

[[Page 42060]]

D. Aerosols

1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 
acceptable as a substitute for use as an aerosol solvent.
    MPHE is a HFO. It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, 
represented as C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-
methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture 
(approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been 
identified, comprising more than 99% of the material.
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 
at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information Notice for 
Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 2012.'' EPA 
performed an assessment to examine the health and environmental risks 
of this substitute. This assessment is available in Docket EPA-HQ-OAR-
2003-0118 under the name, ``Risk Screen on Substitutes in Aerosol 
Solvents Substitute: Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.''
    Environmental information: The environmental information for this 
substitute is set forth in the ``Environmental information'' section in 
listing I.A.5.
    Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: The toxicity information for this 
substitute is set forth in the ``Toxicity and exposure data'' section 
in listing I.A.5.
    EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the manufacturer's 
AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA and address potential health risks by 
following requirements and recommendations in the SDS and in any other 
safety precautions common to the aerosol solvent industry.
    Comparison to other substitutes in this end-use: MPHE has an ODP of 
zero, comparable \31\ to or lower than other acceptable substitutes in 
this end-use. MPHE's GWP of 2.5 is lower than or comparable to the GWP 
of other acceptable substitutes in the same end-use, such as acetone, 
trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene, 
HFE-7100, and HFC-4310mee with GWPs of 0.5, one to seven,\32\ less than 
ten, 297, and 1,640, respectively. Flammability risks are low, as 
discussed above. Toxicity risks can be minimized by use consistent with 
the manufacturer's AEL, recommendations in the SDS, and other safety 
precautions common in the aerosol solvent industry; moreover, those 
risks are common to many aerosol solvents, including many of those 
already listed as acceptable under SNAP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \31\ In contrast, the historically used ODS methyl chloroform, 
CFC-113, HCFC-141b, HCFC-225ca and HCFC-225cb have ODPs ranging from 
0.02 to 0.8.
    \32\ Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al., 2008; and Wang 
et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because the 
overall environmental and human health risk posed by MPHE is lower than 
or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable 
in the same end-uses.

E. Adhesives, Coatings and Inks

1. Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE)
    EPA's decision: EPA finds methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers 
acceptable as a substitute for use as a carrier solvent in:

 Adhesives
 Coatings

    MPHE, marketed under the trade name SuprionTM, is an 
HFO. It is a mixture of structural and stereo isomers, represented as 
C7F13(OCH3). Trans-5-methoxy-
perfluoro-3-heptene is the most prevalent isomer in the mixture 
(approximately 50 percent), and eight isomeric structures have been 
identified, comprising more than 99% of the material.
    You may find the redacted submission in Docket item EPA-HQ-OAR-
2003-0118 at www.regulations.gov under the name, ``SNAP Information 
Notice for Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers (MPHE) Received July 2, 
2012.'' EPA performed an assessment to examine the health and 
environmental risks of this substitute. This assessment is available in 
docket EPA-HQ-OAR-2003-0118 under the name, ``Risk Screen on 
Substitutes in Adhesives and Coatings Substitute: 
Methoxytridecafluoroheptene isomers.''
    Environmental information: The environmental information for this 
substitute is set forth in the ``Environmental information'' section in 
listing I.A.5.
    Flammability information: MPHE is not flammable.
    Toxicity and exposure data: The toxicity information for this 
substitute is set forth in the ``Toxicity and exposure data'' section 
in listing I.A.5. EPA anticipates that users will be able to meet the 
manufacturer's AEL of 500 ppm on an 8-hour TWA and address potential 
health risks by following requirements and recommendations in the SDS 
and in any other safety precautions common to the adhesives and 
coatings industries.
    Comparison to other substitutes in these end-uses: MPHE has an ODP 
of zero, comparable \33\ to or lower than other acceptable substitutes 
in these two end-uses. MPHE's GWP of 2.5 is lower than or comparable to 
those of other acceptable substitutes in the same end-use, such as 
acetone, trans-1-chloroprop-1-ene, trans-1,2-dichloroethylene and HFE-
7100 with GWPs of 0.5, one to seven,\34\ less than ten, and 297, 
respectively. Flammability risks are low, as discussed above. Toxicity 
risks can be minimized by use consistent with the manufacturer's AEL, 
recommendations in the SDS, and other safety precautions common in the 
adhesives and coatings industries; moreover, those risks are common to 
many carrier solvents for adhesives and coatings, including many of 
those already listed as acceptable under SNAP.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \33\ In contrast, the historically used ODS methyl chloroform 
and HCFC-141b have ODPs respectively of 0.1 and 0.11.
    \34\ Wang et al., 2011; Sulbaek Andersen et al., 2008; and Wang 
et al., undated; Hodnebrog et al., 2013. Op cit.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    EPA finds MPHE acceptable in the end-uses listed above, because the 
overall environmental and human health risk posed by MPHE is lower than 
or comparable to the risks posed by other substitutes found acceptable 
in the same end-uses.

II. Section 612 Program

A. Statutory Requirements and Authority for the SNAP Program

    Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA to develop a program for 
evaluating alternatives to ozone-depleting substances. EPA refers to 
this program as the Significant New Alternatives Policy (SNAP) program. 
The major provisions of section 612 are:
1. Rulemaking
    Section 612(c) requires EPA to promulgate rules making it unlawful 
to replace any class I substance (CFC, halon, carbon tetrachloride, 
methyl chloroform, methyl bromide, hydrobromofluorocarbon, and 
chlorobromomethane) or class II substance (HCFC) with any substitute 
that the Administrator determines may present adverse effects to human 
health or the environment where the Administrator has identified an 
alternative that (1) reduces the overall risk to human health and the 
environment, and (2) is currently or potentially available.

[[Page 42061]]

2. Listing of Unacceptable/Acceptable Substitutes
    Section 612(c) requires EPA to publish a list of the substitutes 
unacceptable for specific uses and to publish a corresponding list of 
acceptable alternatives for specific uses. The list of ``acceptable'' 
substitutes is found at www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/lists and the lists of 
``unacceptable,'' ``acceptable subject to use conditions,'' and 
``acceptable subject to narrowed use limits'' substitutes are found in 
the appendices to 40 CFR part 82 subpart G.
3. Petition Process
    Section 612(d) grants the right to any person to petition EPA to 
add a substance to, or delete a substance from, the lists published in 
accordance with section 612(c). The Agency has 90 days to grant or deny 
a petition. Where the Agency grants the petition, EPA must publish the 
revised lists within an additional six months.
4. 90-day Notification
    Section 612(e) directs EPA to require any person who produces a 
chemical substitute for a class I substance to notify the Agency not 
less than 90 days before new or existing chemicals are introduced into 
interstate commerce for significant new uses as substitutes for a class 
I substance. The producer must also provide the Agency with the 
producer's unpublished health and safety studies on such substitutes.
5. Outreach
    Section 612(b)(1) states that the Administrator shall seek to 
maximize the use of federal research facilities and resources to assist 
users of class I and II substances in identifying and developing 
alternatives to the use of such substances in key commercial 
applications.
6. Clearinghouse
    Section 612(b)(4) requires the Agency to set up a public 
clearinghouse of alternative chemicals, product substitutes, and 
alternative manufacturing processes that are available for products and 
manufacturing processes which use class I and II substances.

B. EPA's Regulations Implementing Section 612

    On March 18, 1994, EPA published the initial SNAP rule (59 FR 
13,044) which established the process for administering the SNAP 
program and issued EPA's first lists identifying acceptable and 
unacceptable substitutes in the major industrial use sectors (subpart G 
of 40 CFR part 82). These sectors are the following: refrigeration and 
air conditioning; foam blowing; solvents cleaning; fire suppression and 
explosion protection; sterilants; aerosols; adhesives, coatings and 
inks; and tobacco expansion. These sectors comprise the principal 
industrial sectors that historically consumed the largest volumes of 
ODS.
    Section 612 of the CAA requires EPA to list as acceptable those 
substitutes that do not present a significantly greater risk to human 
health and the environment as compared with other substitutes that are 
currently or potentially available.

C. How the Regulations for the SNAP Program Work

    Under the SNAP regulations, anyone who plans to market or produce a 
substitute to replace a class I substance or class II substance in one 
of the eight major industrial use sectors must provide the Agency with 
notice and the required health and safety information on the substitute 
at least 90 days before introducing it into interstate commerce for 
significant new use as an alternative (40 CFR 82.176(a)). While this 
requirement typically applies to chemical manufacturers as the entity 
likely to be planning to introduce the substitute into interstate 
commerce,\35\ it may also apply to importers, formulators, equipment 
manufacturers, and end-users \36\ when they are responsible for 
introducing a substitute into commerce. The 90-day SNAP review process 
begins once EPA receives the submission and determines that the 
submission includes complete and adequate data (40 CFR 82.180(a)). The 
CAA and the SNAP regulations, 40 CFR 82.174(a), prohibit use of a 
substitute earlier than 90 days after notice has been provided to the 
agency.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \35\ As defined at 40 CFR 82.104, ``interstate commerce'' means 
the distribution or transportation of any product between one state, 
territory, possession or the District of Columbia, and another 
state, territory, possession or the District of Columbia, or the 
sale, use or manufacture of any product in more than one state, 
territory, possession or District of Columbia. The entry points for 
which a product is introduced into interstate commerce are the 
release of a product from the facility in which the product was 
manufactured, the entry into a warehouse from which the domestic 
manufacturer releases the product for sale or distribution, and at 
the site of United States Customs clearance.
    \36\ As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ``end-use'' means processes or 
classes of specific applications within major industrial sectors 
where a substitute is used to replace an ODS.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    The Agency has identified four possible decision categories for 
substitute submissions: Acceptable; acceptable subject to use 
conditions; acceptable subject to narrowed use limits; and unacceptable 
(40 CFR 82.180(b)).\37\ Use conditions and narrowed use limits are both 
considered ``use restrictions'' and are explained below. Substitutes 
that are deemed acceptable without use conditions may be used for all 
applications within the relevant end-uses within the sector and without 
limits under SNAP on how they may be used. Substitutes that are 
acceptable subject to use restrictions may be used only in accordance 
with those restrictions. Substitutes that are found to be unacceptable 
may not be used after the date specified in the rulemaking adding such 
substitute to the list of unacceptable substitutes.\38\
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \37\ The SNAP regulations also include ``pending,'' referring to 
submissions for which EPA has not reached a determination, under 
this provision.
    \38\ As defined at 40 CFR 82.172, ``use'' means any use of a 
substitute for a Class I or Class II ozone-depleting compound, 
including but not limited to use in a manufacturing process or 
product, in consumption by the end-user, or in intermediate uses, 
such as formulation or packaging for other subsequent uses. This 
definition of use encompasses manufacturing process of products both 
for domestic use and for export. Substitutes manufactured within the 
United States exclusively for export are subject to SNAP 
requirements since the definition of use in the rule includes use in 
the manufacturing process, which occurs within the United States.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    After reviewing a substitute, the Agency may make a determination 
that a substitute is acceptable only if certain conditions in the way 
that the substitute is used are met to minimize risks to human health 
and the environment. EPA describes such substitutes as ``acceptable 
subject to use conditions.'' Entities that use these substitutes 
without meeting the associated use conditions are in violation of EPA's 
SNAP regulations (40 CFR 82.174(c)).
    For some substitutes, the Agency may permit a narrowed range of use 
within an end-use or sector. For example, the Agency may limit the use 
of a substitute to certain end-uses or specific applications within an 
industry sector. The Agency requires a user of a narrowed use 
substitute to demonstrate that no other acceptable substitutes are 
available for their specific application. EPA describes these 
substitutes as ``acceptable subject to narrowed use limits.'' A person 
using a substitute that is acceptable subject to narrowed use limits in 
applications and end-uses that are not consistent with the narrowed use 
limit is using the substitute in violation of section 612 of the CAA 
and EPA's SNAP regulations (40 CFR 82.174(c)).
    The section 612 mandate for EPA to prohibit the use of a substitute 
that may present risk to human health or the environment where a lower 
risk alternative is available or potentially

[[Page 42062]]

available \39\ provides EPA with the authority to change the listing 
status of a particular substitute if such a change is justified by new 
information or changed circumstance.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    \39\ In addition to acceptable commercially available 
substitutes, the SNAP program may consider potentially available 
substitutes. The SNAP program's definition of ``potentially 
available '' is ``any alternative for which adequate health, safety, 
and environmental data, as required for the SNAP notification 
process, exist to make a determination of acceptability, and which 
the agency reasonably believes to be technically feasible, even if 
not all testing has yet been completed and the alternative is not 
yet produced or sold.'' (40 CFR 82.172)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------

    As described in this document and elsewhere, including the initial 
SNAP rule published in the Federal Register at 59 FR 13,044 on March 
18, 1994, the SNAP program evaluates substitutes within a comparative 
risk framework. The SNAP program compares new substitutes both to the 
ozone-depleting substances being phased out under the Montreal Protocol 
on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and the CAA, and to other 
available or potentially available alternatives for the same end-uses. 
The environmental and health risk factors that the SNAP program 
considers include ozone depletion potential, flammability, toxicity, 
occupational and consumer health and safety, as well as contributions 
to global warming and other environmental factors. Environmental and 
human health exposures can vary significantly depending on the 
particular application of a substitute--and over time, information 
applicable to a substitute can change. This approach does not imply 
fundamental tradeoffs with respect to different types of risk, either 
to the environment or to human health. Over the past twenty years, the 
menu of substitutes has become much broader and a great deal of new 
information has been developed on many substitutes. Because the overall 
goal of the SNAP program is to ensure that substitutes listed as 
acceptable do not pose significantly greater risk to human health and 
the environment than other available substitutes, the SNAP criteria 
should be informed by our current overall understanding of 
environmental and human health impacts and our experience with and 
current knowledge about available and potentially available 
substitutes. Over time, the range of substitutes reviewed by SNAP has 
changed, and, at the same time, scientific approaches have evolved to 
more accurately assess the potential environmental and human health 
impacts of these chemicals and alternative technologies. The Agency 
publishes its SNAP program decisions in the Federal Register. EPA uses 
notice-and-comment rulemaking to place any alternative on the list of 
prohibited substitutes, to list a substitute as acceptable only subject 
to use conditions or narrowed use limits, or to remove a substitute 
from either the list of prohibited or acceptable substitutes.
    In contrast, EPA publishes ``notices of acceptability'' or 
``determinations of acceptability,'' to notify the public of 
substitutes that are deemed acceptable with no restrictions. As 
described in the preamble to the rule initially implementing the SNAP 
program (59 FR 13,044; March 18, 1994), EPA does not believe that 
rulemaking procedures are necessary to list alternatives that are 
acceptable without restrictions because such listings neither impose 
any sanction nor prevent anyone from using a substitute.
    Many SNAP listings include ``comments'' or ``further information'' 
to provide additional information on substitutes. Since this additional 
information is not part of the regulatory decision, these statements 
are not binding for use of the substitute under the SNAP program. 
However, regulatory requirements so listed are binding under other 
regulatory programs (e.g., worker protection regulations promulgated by 
OSHA). The ``further information'' classification does not necessarily 
include all other legal obligations pertaining to the use of the 
substitute. While the items listed are not legally binding under the 
SNAP program, EPA encourages users of substitutes to apply all 
statements in the ``further information'' column in their use of these 
substitutes. In many instances, the information simply refers to sound 
operating practices that have already been identified in existing 
industry and/or building codes or standards. Thus many of the 
statements, if adopted, would not require the affected user to make 
significant changes in existing operating practices.

D. Additional Information About the SNAP Program

    For copies of the comprehensive SNAP lists of substitutes or 
additional information on SNAP, refer to EPA's Ozone Depletion Web site 
at: www.epa.gov/ozone/snap. For more information on the agency's 
process for administering the SNAP program or criteria for evaluation 
of substitutes, refer to the SNAP final rulemaking published March 18, 
1994 (59 FR 13,044), codified at 40 CFR part 82, subpart G. A complete 
chronology of SNAP decisions and the appropriate citations are found 
at: www.epa.gov/ozone/snap/chron.html.

List of Subjects in 40 CFR Part 82

    Environmental protection, Administrative practice and procedure, 
Air pollution control, Reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

    Dated: July 2, 2015.
Sarah Dunham,
Director, Office of Atmospheric Programs.

Appendix A: Summary of Decisions for New Acceptable Substitutes

                                       Refrigeration and Air Conditioning
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             End-Use                    Substitute             Decision             Further information \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Vending machines (new equipment).  R-450A                Acceptable.........  R-450A has a 100-year global
                                    (Solstice[supreg] N-                       warming potential (GWP) of
                                    13).                                       approximately 600. This
                                                                               substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234ze(E), which is also known as
                                                                               trans-1,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-1-
                                                                               ene (CAS Reg. No. 29118-24-9).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The American Industrial Hygiene
                                                                               Association (AIHA) has
                                                                               established workplace
                                                                               environmental exposure limits
                                                                               (WEELs) of 1,000 ppm and 800 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr time weighted average
                                                                               (TWA)) for HFC-134a and HFO-
                                                                               1234ze(E), respectively. The
                                                                               manufacturer recommends an
                                                                               acceptable exposure limit (AEL)
                                                                               for the workplace for R-450A of
                                                                               880 ppm (8-hr TWA).
                                                                              EPA previously listed this
                                                                               refrigerant as acceptable for use
                                                                               in retrofit vending machine
                                                                               equipment.

[[Page 42063]]

 
Commercial ice machines (new and   R-448A                Acceptable.........  R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Solstice[supreg] N-                       approximately 1,390. This
                                    40).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
                                                                               which is also known as
                                                                               difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
                                                                               10-5); HFC-125, which is also
                                                                               known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                               pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
                                                                               also known as 1,1,1,2-
                                                                               tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               811-97-2); HFO-1234yf, which is
                                                                               also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-
                                                                               prop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-
                                                                               1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is
                                                                               also known as trans-1,3,3,3-
                                                                               tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
                                                                               No. 29118-24-9).
                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                               HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm
                                                                               for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for
                                                                               HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-448A of 890 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Refrigerated transport (new and    R-448A                Acceptable.........  R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Solstice[supreg] N-                       approximately 1,390. This
                                    40).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
                                                                               which is also known as
                                                                               difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
                                                                               10-5); HFC-125, which is also
                                                                               known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                               pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
                                                                               also known as 1,1,1,2-
                                                                               tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               811-97-2), HFO-1234yf, which is
                                                                               also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-
                                                                               prop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-
                                                                               1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is
                                                                               also known as trans-1,3,3,3-
                                                                               tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
                                                                               No. 29118-24-9).
                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                               HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm
                                                                               for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for
                                                                               HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-448A of 890 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Retail food refrigeration (new     R-448A                Acceptable.........  R-448A has a 100-yr GWP of
 and retrofit supermarket systems   (Solstice[supreg] N-                       approximately 1,387. This
 and remote condensing units, and   40).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
 new and retrofit low-temperature                                              which is also known as
 3 stand-alone equipment only).                                                difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
                                                                               10-5); HFC-125, which is also
                                                                               known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                               pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
                                                                               also known as 1,1,1,2-
                                                                               tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               811-97-2); HFO-1234yf, which is
                                                                               also known as 2,3,3,3-tetrafluoro-
                                                                               prop-l-ene (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-
                                                                               1); and HFO-1234ze(E), which is
                                                                               also known as trans-1,3,3,3-
                                                                               tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
                                                                               No. 29118-24-9).
                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                               HFC-125, and HFC-134a; 500 ppm
                                                                               for HFO-1234yf; and 800 ppm for
                                                                               HFO-1234ze(E). The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-448A of 890 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Centrifugal chillers (new and      R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year global
 retrofit equipment).               (Opteon[supreg] XP                         warming potential (GWP) of
                                    10).                                       approximately 630. This
                                                                               substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Cold storage warehouses (new and   R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
                                    10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Commercial ice machines (new and   R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
                                    10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).

[[Page 42064]]

 
Household refrigerators and        R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 freezers (new and retrofit         (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
 equipment).                        10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Industrial process air             R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 conditioning (new and retrofit     (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
 equipment).                        10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Industrial process refrigeration   R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 (new and retrofit equipment).      (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
                                    10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Reciprocating, screw and scroll    R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 chillers (new and retrofit         (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
 equipment).                        10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Refrigerated transport (new and    R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
                                    10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Retail food refrigeration (new     R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 and retrofit supermarket systems   (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
 and remote condensing units, and   10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
 new and retrofit low-temperature                                              134a, which is also known as
 2 and medium-temperature 3 stand-                                             1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
 alone equipment)..                                                            Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Vending machines (new and          R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
                                    10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).
Water coolers (new and retrofit    R-513A                Acceptable.........  R-513A has a 100-year GWP of
 equipment).                        (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 630. This
                                    10).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-
                                                                               134a, which is also known as
                                                                               1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane (CAS
                                                                               Reg. No. 811-97-2); and HFO-
                                                                               1234yf, which is also known as
                                                                               2,3,3,3-tetrafluoroprop-l-ene
                                                                               (CAS Reg. No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm and 500 ppm (8-hr TWA)
                                                                               for HFC-134a and HFO-1234yf,
                                                                               respectively. The manufacturer
                                                                               recommends an AEL for the
                                                                               workplace for R-531A of 653 ppm
                                                                               (8-hr TWA).

[[Page 42065]]

 
Commercial ice machines (new and   R-449A                Acceptable.........  R-449A has a 100-year GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 1,400. This
                                    40).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
                                                                               which is also known as
                                                                               difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
                                                                               10-5); HFC-125, which is also
                                                                               known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                               pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
                                                                               also known as 1,1,1,2-
                                                                               tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               811-97-2); and HFO-1234yf, which
                                                                               is also known as 2,3,3,3-
                                                                               tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
                                                                               No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                               HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500
                                                                               ppm for HFO-1234yf. The
                                                                               manufacturer recommends an AEL
                                                                               for the workplace for R-449A of
                                                                               830 ppm (8-hr TWA).
Refrigerated transport (new and    R-449A                Acceptable.........  R-449A has a 100-year GWP of
 retrofit equipment).               (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 1,400. This
                                    40).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
                                                                               which is also known as
                                                                               difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
                                                                               10-5); HFC-125, which is also
                                                                               known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                               pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
                                                                               also known as 1,1,1,2-
                                                                               tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               811-97-2); and HFO-1234yf, which
                                                                               is also known as 2,3,3,3-
                                                                               tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
                                                                               No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                               HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500
                                                                               ppm for HFO-1234yf. The
                                                                               manufacturer recommends an AEL
                                                                               for the workplace for R-449A of
                                                                               830 ppm (8-hr TWA).
Retail food refrigeration (new     R-449A                Acceptable.........  R-449A has a 100-year GWP of
 and retrofit supermarket systems   (Opteon[supreg] XP                         approximately 1,400. This
 remote condensing units, and new   40).                                       substitute is a blend of HFC-32,
 and retrofit low-temperature 2                                                which is also known as
 stand-alone equipment only).                                                  difluoromethane (CAS Reg. No. 75-
                                                                               10-5); HFC-125, which is also
                                                                               known as 1,1,1,2,2-
                                                                               pentafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               354-33-6); HFC-134a, which is
                                                                               also known as 1,1,1,2-
                                                                               tetrafluoroethane (CAS Reg. No.
                                                                               811-97-2); and HFO-1234yf, which
                                                                               is also known as 2,3,3,3-
                                                                               tetrafluoroprop-l-ene (CAS Reg.
                                                                               No. 754-12-1).
                                                                              The blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The AIHA has established WEELs of
                                                                               1,000 ppm (8-hr TWA) for HFC-32,
                                                                               HFC-125, and HFC-134a; and 500
                                                                               ppm for HFO-1234yf. The
                                                                               manufacturer recommends an AEL
                                                                               for the workplace for R-449A of
                                                                               830 ppm (8-hr TWA).
Non-mechanical heat transfer (new  Methoxytridecafluoro  Acceptable.........  MPHE has a 100-year GWP of
 and retrofit equipment).           heptene isomers                            approximately 2.5. MPHE is a
                                    (MPHE; SineraTM).                          mixture of structural and stereo
                                                                               isomers, which includes trans-5-
                                                                               methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene and
                                                                               eight isomeric structures.
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The manufacturer recommends an AEL
                                                                               of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Observe recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS and guidance for all listed refrigerants.
\2\ ``Low-temperature'' refers to equipment that maintains food or beverages at temperatures at or below
  32[emsp14][deg]F (0 [deg]C). See appendix U to 40 CFR part 82, subpart G.
\3\ ``Medium-temperature'' refers to equipment that maintains food or beverages at temperatures above
  32[emsp14][deg]F (0 [deg]C). See appendix U to 40 CFR part 82, subpart G.


                                                  Foam Blowing
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
             End-use                    Substitute             Decision             Further information \1\
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rigid polyurethane spray foam      HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-  Acceptable.........  HFO-1336mzz(Z) (CAS Reg. No. 692-
 (high-pressure, two-part uses      1,1,1,4,4,4-                               49-9) has no ozone depletion
 only)..                            hexafluorobut-2-                           potential (ODP) and a 100-year
                                    ene; cis-                                  GWP of roughly nine.
                                    1,1,1,4,4,4,-                             This compound is nonflammable.
                                    hexafluorobut-2-                          The WEEL committee of the
                                    ene; FEA-1100;                             Occupational Alliance for Risk
                                    Formacel[supreg]                           Science recommends a WEEL for the
                                    1100).                                     workplace of 500 ppm on an 8-hour
                                                                               TWA for HFO-1336mzz(Z).
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                                Solvent Cleaning
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Electronics cleaning, metals       Methoxytridecafluoro  Acceptable.........  MPHE has a 100-year GWP of
 cleaning, precision cleaning.      heptene isomers                            approximately 2.5. MPHE is a
                                    (MPHE; SionTM).                            mixture of structural and stereo
                                                                               isomers, which includes trans-5-
                                                                               methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene and
                                                                               eight isomeric structures.
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The manufacturer recommends an AEL
                                                                               of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[[Page 42066]]

 
                                                    Aerosols
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Solvent..........................  Methoxytridecafluoro  Acceptable.........  MPHE has a 100-year GWP of
                                    heptene isomers                            approximately 2.5. MPHE is a
                                    (MPHE).                                    mixture of structural and stereo
                                                                               isomers, which includes trans-5-
                                                                               methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene and
                                                                               eight isomeric structures.
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The manufacturer recommends an AEL
                                                                               of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
                                          Adhesives, Coatings, and Inks
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Adhesives, coatings..............  Methoxytridecafluoro  Acceptable.........  MPHE has a 100-year GWP of
                                    heptene isomers                            approximately 2.5. MPHE is a
                                    (MPHE; SuprionTM).                         mixture of structural and stereo
                                                                               isomers, which includes trans-5-
                                                                               methoxy-perfluoro-3-heptene and
                                                                               eight isomeric structures.
                                                                              This blend is nonflammable.
                                                                              The manufacturer recommends an AEL
                                                                               of 500 ppm (8-hr TWA) for MPHE.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
\1\ Observe recommendations in the manufacturer's SDS and guidance for the listed substitute.


[FR Doc. 2015-17469 Filed 7-15-15; 8:45 am]
BILLING CODE 6560-50-P


