
6­
251
6.5
Region
5
Nonattainment
Areas
6.5.1
EPA
9­
Factor
Analyses
for
Illinois
for
Designation
of
PM2.5
Nonattainment
Areas
The
following
table
identifies
the
individual
areas
and
counties
comprising
those
areas
in
Illinois
that
EPA
is
designating
as
nonattainment
for
the
fine
particulate
matter
("
PM2.5")
air
quality
standard.
Where
EPA
is
including
only
part
of
a
county
in
a
nonattainment
area,
we
have
indicated
the
boundaries
of
the
portion
of
the
county
that
will
be
included.
Following
this
table
is
a
description
of
the
data
EPA
examined
and
a
discussion
of
each
area
and
the
basis
for
EPA's
designations.
EPA
is
designating
as
attainment/
unclassifiable
all
other
Illinois
counties
or
parts
thereof
not
identified
in
the
table
below.

Area
Illinois
Counties
in
Metropolitan
Area
Illinois
Recommended
Nonattainment
Counties
Counties
EPA
is
Designating
Nonattainment
Chicago­
Gary­
Kenosha,
IL­
INWI
Cook
Du
Page
Kane
Lake
Mc
Henry
Will
Grundy
Kendall
De
Kalb
Kankakee
Cook
Du
Page
Kane
Lake
Mc
Henry
Will
Grundy:
Aux
Sable
Township
Goose
Lake
Township
Kendall:
Oswego
Township
Cook
Du
Page
Kane
Lake
Mc
Henry
Will
Grundy:
Aux
Sable
Township
Goose
Lake
Township
Kendall:
Oswego
Township
Saint
Louis,
MOIL
Madison
Monroe
St
Clair
Clinton
Jersey
Madison
Monroe
St
Clair
Madison
Monroe
St
Clair
Randolph:
Baldwin
Township
6.5.1.1
Chicago­
Gary­
Kenosha
Area
Discussion:

EPA
reviewed
the
nine
factors
for
the
thirteen
counties
within
the
metropolitan
area
(
including
ten
counties
in
Illinois)
as
well
as
all
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
in
order
to
determine
the
appropriate
nonattainment
area.
There
are
violating
monitors
in
Cook
County
and
in
Lake
County,
Indiana.
EPA
agrees
with
the
Illinois
EPA
to
include
Cook,
Du
Page,
Kane,
Lake,
Mc
Henry,
and
Will
counties,
Aux
Sable
and
Goose
Lake
Townships
in
Grundy
County,
and
Oswego
Township
in
Kendall
County
in
the
Chicago
nonattainment
area.
The
bulk
of
emissions
and
population
are
captured
without
including
DeKalb,
Grundy,
Kankakee
and
Kendall
Counties,
since
these
counties
have
limited
emissions
and
population.
Nevertheless,
we
support
the
recommendation
by
the
Illinois
EPA
to
include
the
three
townships
in
Grundy
and
Kendall
counties
in
the
nonattainment
area
to
maintain
consistency
with
the
ozone
designations
and
thereby
facilitate
planning.
6­
252
There
are
eight
Illinois
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area,
including
Boone,
Ford,
Iroquois,
LaSalle,
Lee,
Livingston,
Ogle,
and
Winnebago
Counties.
Emissions
are
relatively
low
for
these
counties,
and
no
other
factor
warranted
designating
these
counties
nonattainment.
Therefore,
the
following
data
summaries
for
factors
3
through
9
do
not
address
these
counties.

Factor
1:
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area
County
SO2
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emissions
score
Cook
61,676
195,428
10,110
8,268
33.0
De
Kalb
445
4,885
384
1,875
1.0
Du
Page
2,990
29,479
1,731
1,229
4.9
Grundy
6,149
9,589
563
1,235
2.1
Kane
1,395
9,490
1,047
2,326
2.8
Kankakee
551
6,628
490
1,720
1.4
Kendall
292
2,941
265
961
0.7
Lake
14,223
24,488
2,092
1,777
6.7
Mc
Henry
637
5,834
564
1,992
1.6
Will
80,847
37,518
1,447
4,120
11.7
Lake,
IN
50,110
72,142
5,708
7,588
19.5
Porter,
IN
21,601
41,315
2,702
5,587
9.2
Kenosha,
WI
33,122
27,469
770
1,236
5.4
Boone
849
2,188
215
834
0.6
Ford
219
1,462
216
1,280
0.6
Iroquois
458
4,177
452
2,290
1.3
La
Salle
2,140
13,984
845
3,352
2.5
Lee
3,978
4,793
345
1,722
1.3
Livingston
503
4,686
485
2,413
1.3
Ogle
672
4,985
335
1,536
1.1
Winnebago
1,100
10,496
656
1,405
1.9
Benton,
IN
101
1,326
215
724
0.5
Berrien,
IN
1,390
10,269
740
1,340
0.6
6­
253
Jasper,
IN
34,435
23,020
668
1,838
5.2
La
Porte,
IN
10,974
19,681
826
1,643
3.3
Newton,
IN
89
1,321
160
642
0.4
Pulaski,
IN
111
1,187
196
667
0.5
St
Joseph,
IN
2,850
13,690
1,482
1,825
4.0
Starke,
IN
100
2,852
188
551
0.5
White,
IN
188
2,495
292
1,185
0.8
Racine,
WI
2,309
7,252
662
890
1.9
Walworth,
WI
866
5,693
470
908
1.3
Urban
increment:
Total
mass=
3.6
µ
g/
m3
25%
sulfates;
8%
nitrates;
65%
carbon;
2%
crustal.
Urban
site=
170310076;
Rural
site=
BOND1
(
Bondville)

Factor
2:
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas
County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Cook
17.3
µ
g/
m3
Du
Page
14.4
µ
g/
m3
Kane
14.2
µ
g/
m3
Lake
12.8
µ
g/
m3
Mc
Henry
12.7
µ
g/
m3
Will
12.8
µ
g/
m3
Lake,
IN
15.2
µ
g/
m3
Porter,
IN
13.8
µ
g/
m3
Kenosha,
WI
11.7
µ
g/
m3
La
Porte
13.6
µ
g/
m3
La
Salle
14.1
µ
g/
m3
Winnebago
13.6
µ
g/
m3
St
Joseph,
IN
14.3
µ
g/
m3
Berrien,
MI
12.7
µ
g/
m3
6­
254
Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas
County
2003
Population
Population
Density
Cook
5,377,507
5,684
De
Kalb
91,561
144
Du
Page
924,589
2,768
Grundy
38,839
92
Kane
443,041
850
Kankakee
104,657
154
Kendall
61,222
191
Lake
674,850
1,506
Mc
Henry
277,710
460
Will
559,861
669
Lake,
IN
487,016
980
Porter,
IN
150,403
360
Kenosha,
WI
154,433
566
Factor
4:
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns
County
County
VMT
Percent
Number
Cook
44,107,000
12
274,167
De
Kalb
729,000
31
13,894
Du
Page
6,609,000
40
186,686
Grundy
530,000
46
8,431
Kane
841,000
43
82,968
Kankakee
889,000
19
9,122
Kendall
278,000
67
19,070
Lake
3,549,000
32
100,810
Mc
Henry
792,000
47
62,415
Will
2,136,000
55
131,834
Lake,
IN
5,012,000
25
52,922
Porter,
IN
1,680,000
36
25,819
6­
255
Kenosha,
WI
1,228,000
28
20,506
Factor
5:
Expected
growth
County
Percent
growth
1990­
2000
Cook
5
De
Kalb
14
Du
Page
16
Grundy
16
Kane
27
Kankakee
8
Kendall
38
Lake
25
Mc
Henry
42
Will
41
Lake,
IN
2
Porter,
IN
14
Kenosha,
WI
17
Factor
6:
Meteorology
Average
percent
of
wind
direction
by
quadrant
County
Northwest
Southwest
Southeast
Northeast
Cook
26
37
16
21
De
Kalb
27
34
19
21
Du
Page
26
37
17
21
Grundy
26
36
17
21
Kane
26
35
18
21
Kankakee
25
38
17
19
Kendall
26
36
17
21
Lake
26
 
37
17
20
Mc
Henry
28
32
19
20
Will
26
37
17
21
6­
256
Lake,
IN
25
38
17
19
Porter,
IN
25
38
18
19
Kenosha,
WI
28
35
18
20
Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
State
of
Illinois
has
no
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.

Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
The
Chicago
Area
Transportation
Study
(
CATS)
Policy
Committee
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
the
northeastern
Illinois
region.
­
source:
CATS
web
page,
http://
www.
catsmpo.
com/

The
Illinois
portion
of
the
Chicago
ozone
nonattainment
area
consists
of
the
following
counties:
Cook,
Du
Page,
Kane,
Lake,
Mc
Henry,
Will,
Aux
Sable
and
Goose
Lake
Townships
in
Grundy
County,
and
Oswego
Township
in
Kendall
County.

Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
The
state
provided
no
information
about
the
level
of
control
of
emission
sources
for
this
area.

6.5.1.2
Saint
Louis
Area
Discussion:

EPA
reviewed
the
nine
factors
for
the
counties
within
the
metropolitan
area
as
well
as
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
in
order
to
determine
the
appropriate
nonattainment
area.
There
are
violating
monitors
in
Madison
and
St.
Clair
counties
as
well
as
in
the
City
of
Saint
Louis.
EPA
agrees
with
the
Illinois
EPA
to
include
Madison,
Monroe
and
St.
Clair
counties
in
the
Illinois
portion
of
the
St.
Louis
nonattainment
area.

In
the
June
2004
letters
from
EPA
to
the
States
responding
to
their
designation
recommendations,
EPA
proposed
the
designation
of
a
number
of
counties
primarily
because
of
high
pollutant
emissions
from
power
plants.
Most
of
these
plants
were
located
in
nearby
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
(
as
defined
either
by
the
1999
or
2003
OMB
metropolitan
area
definitions).
EPA
suggested
that
a
State
could
provide
a
partial
county
boundary
that
would
extend
to
the
relevant
power
plant
to
include
it
in
the
nonattainment
area.
6­
257
Illinois
recommended
a
designation
of
unclassified
for
a
portion
of
Randolph
County,
specifically
Baldwin
Township,
which
contains
the
Baldwin
power
plant.
EPA
is
designating
Baldwin
Township
in
Randolph
County
nonattainment
as
part
of
the
Saint
Louis
nonattainment
area.
EPA
notes
that
the
Baldwin
plant
has
recently
reduced
its
emissions
significantly.
The
Illinois
submission
did
not
indicate
whether
these
emission
reductions
are
enforceable
or
how
much
potential
exists
for
further
emission
reductions
at
this
facility
such
as
annual
operation
of
its
NOx
emission
controls.
Randolph
County
adjoins
a
county
that
is
monitoring
a
violation
of
the
standard,
and
the
most
significant
emissions
are
located
in
Baldwin
Township,
the
portion
of
the
county
closest
to
the
violation.
These
emissions
are
located
where
winds
would
commonly
blow
the
emissions
toward
the
observed
violations.
Emissions
are
moderately
high
even
after
the
recent
reductions.
EPA
concludes
that
these
emissions
are
sufficient
to
contribute
to
violations
in
the
Saint
Louis
area.

There
are
11
other
Illinois
counties
adjacent
to
the
Metropolitan
Area,
namely
Bond,
Calhoun,
Fayette,
Greene,
Macoupin,
Marion,
Montgomery,
Morgan,
Pike,
Sangamon,
and
Washington
Counties.
Emissions
for
these
counties
are
relatively
low
and
no
other
factor
warranted
designating
the
adjacent
counties
nonattainment.
Therefore,
the
following
data
summaries
for
factors
3
through
9
do
not
address
these
counties.

Besides
Randolph
County,
Illinois
also
recommended
a
designation
of
unclassifiable
for
Jersey
County,
and
recommended
attainment
for
all
other
counties
in
the
state
that
are
not
part
of
the
recommended
Saint
Louis
or
Chicago
nonattainment
areas.
EPA
is
designating
as
attainment/
unclassifiable
all
counties
that
are
not
part
of
the
Saint
Louis
or
Chicago
nonattainment
areas.

Factor
1:
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area
County
SO2
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emissions
score
Clinton
624
3,717
238
1,067
2.0
Jersey
246
1,755
165
544
1.2
Madison
69,938
37,593
1,563
4,425
16.8
Monroe
244
2,489
206
647
1.6
St
Clair
4,471
11,813
863
1,996
6.8
Franklin,
MO
45,216
15,482
918
2,864
9.1
Jefferson,
MO
52,671
13,612
1,160
3,291
10.4
Lincoln,
MO
221
2,935
273
1,358
2.1
St
Charles,
MO
40,596
25,793
896
2,415
10.2
St
Louis,
MO
30,400
53,358
3,456
2,897
27.4
Warren,
MO
324
1,803
205
674
1.5
St
Louis
(
City),
MO
14,647
27,193
1,214
958
11.0
Bond
177
1,883
137
628
1.1
Calhoun
192
1,162
88
170
0.7
Fayette
290
2,795
223
786
1.7
Greene
196
1,409
159
771
1.2
Macoupin
281
3,123
344
1,415
2.5
6­
258
Marion
297
3,879
290
891
2.3
Montgomery
38,079
18,254
625
2,230
7.6
Morgan
24,066
6,713
500
1,725
4.7
Pike
6,252
4,850
259
901
2.4
Randolph
23,984
33,023
559
1,863
8.9
Sangamon
16,411
19,811
900
2,742
8.7
Washington
167
2,045
199
814
1.5
Crawford,
MO
110
2,199
183
396
1.4
Dent,
MO
100
521
121
431
0.8
Gasconade,
MO
248
1,727
132
393
1.0
Iron,
MO
34,225
1,851
140
291
2.1
Madison,
MO
47
727
86
143
0.6
Montgomery,
MO
364
1,740
145
719
1.2
Perry,
MO
349
2,776
218
531
1.7
Phelps,
MO
754
2,990
244
645
1.9
Pike,
MO
15,205
10,931
206
773
3.3
St
Francois,
MO
697
4,204
328
825
2.5
Ste
Genevieve,
MO
3,666
7,315
255
940
2.7
Washington,
MO
152
1,161
137
322
1.0
Urban
increment:
Total
mass=
6.2
µ
g/
m3
8%
sulfates;
29%
nitrates;
58%
carbon;
5%
crustal.
Urban
site=
295100085;
Rural
site=
MING1
(
Mingo)

According
to
information
provided
in
Illinois'
submittal
of
September
1,
2004,
the
Baldwin
Plant
in
Baldwin
Township
represents
approximately
96%
of
the
SOX
emissions
and
86%
of
the
NOX
emissions
for
Randolph
County.
Therefore,
designating
Baldwin
Township
as
nonattainment
will
capture
the
bulk
of
emissions
from
Randolph
County.

Factor
2:
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas
County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Madison
17.5
µ
g/
m3
St
Clair
16.2
µ
g/
m3
Jefferson,
MO
14.5
µ
g/
m3
St
Charles,
MO
14.3
µ
g/
m3
St
Louis,
MO
14.0
µ
g/
m3
St
Louis
(
City),
MO
15.2
µ
g/
m3
Randolph
12.4
µ
g/
m3
6­
259
Sangamon
13.3
µ
g/
m3
Ste
Genevieve,
MO
13.6
µ
g/
m3
Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas
County
2003
Population
Population
Density
Clinton
35,855
76
Jersey
21,858
59
Madison
261,409
361
Monroe
29,058
75
St
Clair
257,904
388
Franklin,
MO
95,890
104
Jefferson,
MO
203,993
310
Lincoln,
MO
42,280
67
St
Charles,
MO
303,030
540
St
Louis,
MO
1,018,102
2,004
Warren,
MO
26,193
61
St
Louis
(
City),
MO
338,353
5,457
Randolph
33,641
58
Factor
4:
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns
County
County
VMT
Percent
Number
Clinton
375,000
35
5,915
Jersey
196,000
51
5,259
Madison
2,768,000
35
43,125
Monroe
264,000
57
8,172
St
Clair
2,857,000
36
40,389
Franklin,
MO
1,391,000
36
16,422
Jefferson,
MO
2,511,000
63
61,991
Lincoln,
MO
493,000
52
9,622
St
Charles,
MO
2,738,000
52
77,347
St
Louis,
MO
11,553,000
27
134,153
Warren,
MO
348,000
54
6,414
St
Louis
(
City),
MO
4,178,000
40
56,734
Randolph
278,000
20
2,798
Factor
5:
Expected
growth
County
Percent
growth
1990­
2000
Clinton
5
Jersey
5
Madison
4
Monroe
23
St
Clair
­
3
Franklin,
MO
16
6­
260
Jefferson,
MO
16
Lincoln,
MO
35
St
Charles,
MO
33
St
Louis,
MO
2
Warren,
MO
26
St
Louis
(
City),
MO
­
12
Randolph
­
2
Factor
6:
Meteorology
Average
percent
of
wind
direction
by
quadrant
County
Northwest
Southwest
Southeast
Northeast
Clinton
28
29
29
15
Jersey
28
28
29
15
Madison
28
28
29
15
Monroe
28
28
29
15
St
Clair
28
28
29
15
Franklin,
MO
27
27
31
15
Jefferson,
MO
28
27
31
15
Lincoln,
MO
27
27
31
15
St
Charles,
MO
29
27
30
15
St
Louis,
MO
29
27
30
15
Warren,
MO
27
27
31
16
St
Louis
(
City),
MO
29
27
30
15
Randolph
28
28
29
15
Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
State
of
Illinois
has
no
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.

Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
The
East­
West
Gateway
Council
of
Governments
(
EWGCC)
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
the
bi­
state
St.
Louis
area.
­
source:
EWGCC
web
page,
http://
www.
ewgateway.
org/

The
Illinois
portion
of
the
Saint
Louis
ozone
nonattainment
area
consists
of
the
following
counties:
Jersey,
Madison,
Monroe,
and
St.
Clair.

Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
The
State
has
provided
no
information
about
the
level
of
control
of
emission
sources
for
this
area.
Although
EPA
is
aware
that
the
Baldwin
Generating
Station
is
purchasing
low
sulfur
coal
and
has
installed
NOx
emission
controls
on
some
of
its
units,
EPA
does
not
6­
261
have
information
as
to
the
permanence
of
those
reductions
and
whether
the
NOx
emission
controls
are
operated
on
an
annual
basis.

6.5.2
EPA
9­
Factor
Analyses
for
Indiana
for
Designation
of
PM2.5
Nonattainment
Areas
The
following
table
identifies
the
individual
areas
and
counties
comprising
those
areas
in
Indiana
that
EPA
is
designating
as
nonattainment
for
the
fine
particulate
matter
("
PM2.5")
air
quality
standard.
Following
this
table
is
1)
discussion
of
the
general
issue
of
the
size
of
nonattainment
areas,
2)
a
description
of
the
data
EPA
examined,
and
3)
a
discussion
of
each
area
and
the
basis
for
EPA's
designations.
EPA
is
designating
as
attainment/
unclassifiable
all
counties
or
portions
of
counties
not
identified
in
the
table
below,
except
that
EPA
is
designating
Delaware
County
in
the
Muncie
area
as
unclassified
because
it
has
insufficient
information
to
justify
either
a
nonattainment
or
an
attainment
designation
for
this
area.

Area
Indiana
Counties
in
Metropolitan
Area
Indiana
Recommended
Nonattainment
Counties
Counties
EPA
is
Designating
Nonattainment
Chicago­
Northwest
Indiana
Lake
Porter
Lake
Lake
Porter
Cincinnati
Dearborn
Ohio
None
Dearborn:
Lawrenceburg
Township
Elkhart
Elkhart
Elkhart
Elkhart
Saint
Joseph
Evansville
Vanderburgh
Warrick
Posey
Vanderburgh
Dubois
Dubois
Vanderburgh
Warrick
Gibson:
Montgomery
Township
Pike:
Washington
Township
Spencer:
Ohio
Township
Indianapolis
Boone
Hamilton
Hancock
Hendricks
Johnson
Madison
Marion
Morgan
Shelby
Marion
Hamilton
Hendricks
Johnson
Marion
Morgan
6­
262
Louisville
Clark
Floyd
Harrison
Scott
Clark
Clark
Floyd
Jefferson:
Madison
Township
General
Issue
of
Size
of
Nonattainment
Areas
Indiana's
recommendations
for
nonattainment
areas
included
only
counties
that
monitored
nonattainment
and
did
not
include
any
additional
counties
that
contributed
to
nonattainment.
Indiana's
submissions
noted
several
areas
where
relatively
nearby
monitors
showed
differing
concentrations,
for
example
Lake
County
monitoring
nonattainment
and
Porter
County
monitoring
attainment.
Indiana
deduces
from
this
that
the
impacts
of
emissions
within
an
area
added
to
large
"
background
concentrations"
arising
from
long
range
transport
are
very
localized.
Therefore,
Indiana
concludes,
counties
lacking
a
monitored
violation
may
be
considered
not
to
contribute
to
monitored
violations
in
other
counties.

EPA's
guidance
recommends
a
presumption
for
nonattainment
areas
that
include
entire
metropolitan
areas,
reflecting
a
presumption
that
violations
in
a
metropolitan
area
reflect
contributions
from
the
entire
area.
EPA's
guidance
recognizes
that
violations
of
the
PM2.5
standard
reflect
both
regional
scale
impacts
from
contributions
originating
outside
the
metropolitan
area
and
more
local
scale
impacts.
Indeed,
the
different
components
of
PM2.5
have
different
ranges
of
impacts,
with
some
components
showing
greatest
impacts
very
close
to
the
emissions
sources,
some
components
showing
peak
impacts
at
a
moderate
distance
from
the
emissions
(
such
as
from
rapid
photochemical
reactions),
and
some
components
showing
similar
impacts
over
distance
ranges
of
hundreds
of
kilometers.
Consequently,
the
existence
of
neighboring
counties
with
somewhat
different
concentrations,
like
Lake
County
observing
design
values
up
to
15.2
µ
g/
m3
versus
the
Porter
County
site
having
a
design
value
of
13.8
µ
g/
m3,
does
not
signify
that
emissions
in
the
county
with
lower
concentrations
fails
to
contribute
to
the
higher
concentrations
in
the
neighboring
county.

Further
considerations
apply
to
mobile
sources.
By
definition,
these
sources
can
be
associated
with
a
residence
or
business
in
one
county
but
emit
PM2.5
and
its
precursors
in
another
county.
Some
of
the
relevant
control
measures
address
the
"
home"
of
these
vehicles.
This
consideration
supports
including
counties
that
are
the
origin
of
sizable
numbers
of
vehicles
in
the
nonattainment
area.

Indiana
has
not
provided
convincing
evidence
to
rebut
EPA's
general
presumption
or
the
underlying
view
of
the
typical
characteristics
of
the
PM2.5
problem,
nor
has
Indiana
demonstrated
that
the
presumption
does
not
apply
in
any
Indiana
areas.
Therefore,
EPA
is
including
the
additional
counties
that
it
believes
contribute
to
the
observed
violations
in
the
nonattainment
areas
it
is
promulgating.
6­
263
6.5.2.1
Chicago­
Northwest
Indiana
Area
Discussion
The
following
is
the
nine­
factor
analysis
for
the
Indiana
portion
of
the
Chicago­
Northwest
Indiana
area
including
adjacent
counties
in
Indiana.
The
Chicago­
Gary­
Kenosha
Metropolitan
Area
includes
10
counties
in
Illinois,
two
in
Indiana
and
one
in
Wisconsin.
Indiana
recommended
that
Lake
County,
which
has
a
violating
monitor,
be
designated
as
nonattainment
for
PM2.5,
and
that
Porter
County,
which
has
a
monitor
showing
attainment,
be
designated
as
attainment/
unclassified.
However,
EPA
is
designating
both
Lake
and
Porter
Counties
as
nonattainment.

Lake
and
Porter
Counties
both
have
high
composite
emissions
scores.
Although
Porter
County
has
a
monitor
which
shows
attainment,
its
emissions
contribute
to
over
9%
of
the
Chicago
area
composite
emissions
score
largely
as
a
result
of
significant
power
plant
coal
combustion
and
steel
mill
emissions
as
well
as
some
emissions
from
mobile
sources
and
other
sources.
The
composite
emissions
scores
from
the
adjacent
counties
are
all
modest.
La
Porte
County,
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area,
is
monitoring
attainment
of
the
annual
PM2.5
standard
and
is
judged
not
to
contribute
to
nonattainment
in
the
Chicago­
Northwest
Indiana
area.

In
addition,
Porter
has
a
sizeable
population
with
over
150,000
residents,
and
over
21,000
workers
travel
into
Lake
County
on
a
daily
basis,
thereby
contributing
to
Lake
County
monitored
PM
levels.
There
is
limited
commuting
from
Jasper,
La
Porte,
and
Newton
Counties
into
the
metropolitan
area.
Lake
County
experienced
very
little
growth
from
1990
to
2000.
During
this
time,
Porter
County
added
nearly
18,000
people.
Jasper
County
growth
rate
was
high,
but
even
with
the
increase
of
5,000
people,
its
population
is
still
quite
small
for
the
area.

EPA
considered
the
emissions,
population,
and
vehicle
miles
traveled
(
VMT)
from
Newton,
Jasper,
and
La
Porte
Counties,
which
are
adjacent
to
Lake
and
Porter
Counties.
Based
upon
the
emissions,
populations,
and
VMT,
EPA
is
designating
these
three
counties
as
attainment/
unclassified.

Other
factors
EPA
reviewed
are
meteorology,
geography,
jurisdictional
boundaries,
and
emission
controls.
The
wind
data
presented
below
shows
no
dominant
wind
direction
for
Northwest
Indiana.
There
are
no
geographical
features
in
this
area
that
would
effect
the
distribution
of
PM2.5.
Lake
and
Porter
Counties
are
both
included
in
the
Chicago
ozone
nonattainment
area.
La
Porte
County
is
in
a
separate
ozone
nonattainment
area.
All
three
counties
make
up
the
area's
metropolitan
planning
organization.
The
state
has
not
submitted
any
information
on
emission
controls
in
Northwest
Indiana.
6­
264
Factor
1:
Emissions
County
SO2
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emissions
score
Lake,
IN
50,110
72,142
5,708
7,588
19.5
Porter,
IN
21,601
41,315
2,702
5,587
9.2
Cook,
IL
61,676
195,428
10,110
8,268
33.0
De
Kalb,
IL
445
4,885
384
1,875
1.1
Du
Page,
IL
2,990
29,479
1,731
1,229
4.9
Grundy,
IL
6,149
9,589
563
1,235
2.1
Kane,
IL
1,395
9,490
1,047
2,326
2.8
Kankakee,
IL
551
6,628
490
1,720
1.4
Kendall,
IL
292
2,941
265
961
0.7
Lake,
IL
14,223
24,488
2,092
1,777
6.7
McHenry,
IL
637
5,834
564
1,992
1.6
Will,
IL
80,847
37,518
1,447
4,120
11.7
Kenosha,
WI
33,122
27,469
770
1,236
5.4
Benton
101
1,326
215
724
0.6
Jasper
34,435
23,020
668
1,838
5.2
La
Porte
10,974
19,681
826
1,643
3.3
Newton
89
1,321
160
642
0.4
Pulaski
111
1,187
196
667
0.5
Starke
100
2,852
188
551
0.5
White
188
2,495
292
1,185
0.8
Boone,
IL
849
2,188
215
834
0.6
Ford,
IL
219
1,462
216
1,280
0.6
Iroquois,
IL
458
4,177
452
2,290
1.3
La
Salle,
IL
2,140
13,984
845
3,352
2.5
Lee,
IL
3,978
4,793
345
1,722
1.3
Livingston,
IL
503
4,686
485
2,413
1.3
Ogle,
IL
672
4,985
335
1,536
1.1
Winnebago,
IL
1,100
10,496
656
1,405
1.9
6­
265
Racine,
WI
2,309
7,252
662
890
1.9
Walworth,
WI
866
5,693
470
908
1.3
All
emissions
are
from
the
2001
NEI
and
are
in
tons.
Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.
Speciation
profile
for
Chicago:
25%
Sulfates,
8%
Nitrates,
65%
Carbon,
and
2%
Crustal
derived
by
comparing
data
from
site
number
170310076
in
Chicago
against
data
from
the
Bondville
monitor.

Factor
2:
Air
quality
County
2001­
03
Design
Value
Lake,
IN
15.2
µ
g/
m3
Porter,
IN
13.8
µ
g/
m3
Cook,
IL
17.3
µ
g/
m3
Du
Page,
IL
14.4
µ
g/
m3
Kane,
IL
14.2
µ
g/
m3
Lake,
IL
12.8
µ
g/
m3
McHenry,
IL
12.7
µ
g/
m3
Will,
IL
14.7
µ
g/
m3
Kenosha,
WI
11.7
µ
g/
m3
La
Porte,
IN
13.6
µ
g/
m3
Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.

Jasper
and
Newton
Counties
do
not
have
monitors.

Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Lake,
IN
487,016
980
Porter,
IN
150,403
360
Cook,
IL
5,377,507
5684
De
Kalb,
IL
91,561
144
Du
Page,
IL
924,589
2768
Grundy,
IL
38,839
92
6­
266
Kane,
IL
443,041
850
Kankakee,
IL
104,657
154
Kendall,
IL
61,222
191
Lake,
IL
674,850
1506
Mc
Henry,
IL
277,710
460
Will,
IL
559,861
669
Kenosha,
WI
154,433
566
Jasper
30,815
55
La
Porte
110,384
185
Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.

Factor
4:
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns
County
VMT
Growth
%
Change
Lake,
IN
5,012,000
1,235,000
25
%

Porter,
IN
1,680,000
38,000
14
%

Cook,
IL
44,107,000
12,254,000
28
%

De
Kalb,
IL
729,000
­
176,000
­
24
%

Du
Page,
IL
6,609,000
1,971,000
30
%

Grundy,
IL
530,000
­
175,000
­
33
%

Kane,
IL
841,000
309,000
37
%

Kankakee,
IL
889,000
281,000
32
%

Kendall,
IL
278,000
34,000
12
%

Lake,
IL
3,549,000
1,479,000
42
%

Mc
Henry,
IL
792,000
234,000
29
%

Will,
IL
2,136,000
240,000
11
%

Kenosha,
WI
1,228,000
318,000
26
%

Jasper,
IN
722,000
­
261,000
­
36
%

La
Porte,
IN
1,536,000
­
343,000
­
22
%

Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.

Commuting
Information:
6­
267
Porter
Jasper
La
Porte
Illinois
Into
Lake
County
21,654
2,817
1,783
11,672
From
Lake
County
5,066
270
1,200
34,263
Jasper
La
Porte
Illinois
Into
Porter
County
988
4,238
524
From
Porter
County
363
3,390
5,273
Factor
5:
Growth
County
%
Population
Change
Lake
2
%

Porter
14
%

Cook,
IL
­
2
%

De
Kalb,
IL
5
%

Du
Page,
IL
1
%

Grundy,
IL
2
%

Kane,
IL
4
%

Kankakee,
IL
7
%

Kendall,
IL
­
8
%

Lake,
IL
­
1
%

Mc
Henry,
IL
8
%

Will,
IL
9
%

Kenosha,
WI
­
1
%

Jasper
20
%

La
Porte
3
%

Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.
6­
268
Factor
6:
Meteorology
Year­
round
average
wind
direction
for:

Lake
County,
Indiana:
25%
NW,
38%
SW,
17%
SE,
19%
NE;
Porter
County:
25%
NW,
38%
SW,
18%
SE,
19%
NE;

Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
State
of
Indiana
has
no
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.

Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
Lake
and
Porter
Counties
are
both
designated
as
nonattainment
in
the
Chicago
ozone
nonattainment
area.
La
Porte
County
is
also
designated
as
ozone
nonattainment
in
its
own
area.

Northwestern
Indiana
Regional
Planning
Commission
is
the
MPO
for
Lake
(
Indiana),
La
Porte,
and
Porter
Counties.

Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
Indiana
has
not
submitted
any
information
on
emission
controls
in
Northwest
Indiana.

6.5.2.2
Cincinnati
Area
Discussion
The
Cincinnati
Metropolitan
Area
includes
five
Ohio
counties,
six
Kentucky
counties,
and
two
Indiana
counties:
Dearborn
and
Ohio.
Indiana
did
not
recommend
either
of
their
counties
for
nonattainment
in
the
Cincinnati
area.
After
considering
all
nine
factors
for
both
counties,
EPA
is
designating
Lawrenceburg
Township
in
Dearborn
County
as
nonattainment.
All
other
Dearborn
County
townships
are
being
designated
as
attainment/
unclassified.

In
the
June
2004
letters
from
EPA
to
the
States
responding
to
their
designation
recommendations,
EPA
proposed
the
designation
of
a
number
of
counties
primarily
because
of
high
pollutant
emissions
from
power
plants.
Most
of
these
plants
were
located
in
nearby
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
(
as
defined
either
by
the
1999
or
2003
OMB
metropolitan
area
definitions).
EPA
suggested
that
a
State
could
provide
a
partial
county
boundary
that
would
extend
to
the
relevant
power
plant
to
include
it
in
the
nonattainment
area.
6­
269
Data
are
provided
for
full
counties
only.
Dearborn
County's
main
emissions
sources
including
the
Tanners
Creek
power
plant
are
found
in
Lawrenceburg
Township.

Dearborn
County
has
significant
emissions
yielding
a
composite
emissions
score
of
11.4.
This
score
ranks
third
in
the
three
State,
13
county
metropolitan
area.
The
wind,
with
a
westerly
component
63%
of
the
time,
commonly
transports
Dearborn
County
emissions
east
into
the
rest
of
the
Cincinnati
area.

Considering
its
modest
population,
a
significant
number
of
Dearborn
County
workers
commute
into
the
Ohio
and
Kentucky
portions
of
the
area.
This
shows
that
it
is
an
integral
part
of
the
area.
Dearborn
County's
Lawrenceburg
Township
is
also
included
as
a
partial
county
in
the
Cincinnati
ozone
nonattainment
area.
The
county
is
in
Cincinnati's
metropolitan
planning
organization
as
well.

Because
emissions
are
relatively
low
for
the
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area,
and
no
other
factor
warranted
designating
these
counties
nonattainment,
the
following
data
summaries
for
factors
3
through
9
do
not
display
these
counties.

Indiana
noted
some
further
emission
reductions
at
the
Tanners
Creek
power
plant
in
Lawrenceburg
Township
of
Dearborn
County.
However,
EPA
determined
that
these
reductions
reduced
the
composite
emission
score
only
from
11.4
to
10.2.
EPA
thus
continues
to
believe
that
Lawrenceburg
Township
of
Dearborn
County
contributes
to
violations
in
the
Cincinnati
area.

Factor
1:
Emissions
County
SO2
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emission
score
Dearborn,
IN
56,773
31,138
900
2,121
11.4
Ohio,
IN
113
682
49
89
0.5
Boone,
KY
14,717
15,794
721
1,068
7.7
Campbell,
KY
860
5,294
285
260
2.8
Gallatin,
KY
350
2,365
100
234
1.0
Grant,
KY
210
2,664
182
191
1.8
Kenton,
KY
1,573
8,365
415
301
4.2
Pendleton,
KY
597
3,396
139
207
1.5
Brown,
OH
395
2,927
208
520
2.0
Butler,
OH
13,204
19,735
956
1,752
9.9
Clermont,
OH
84,599
45,618
1,693
3,916
20.0
Hamilton,
OH
88,053
58,398
2,780
3,873
30.3
6­
270
Warren,
OH
895
7,565
743
1,063
6.9
Decatur
154
2,525
190
717
1.8
Fayette
150
1,426
156
392
1.4
Franklin
92
1,335
143
341
1.3
Ripley
140
2,081
221
507
2.0
Rush
140
1,274
177
814
1.6
Switzerland
251
1,554
101
145
1.0
Union
58
548
68
272
0.6
All
emissions
are
from
the
2001
NEI
and
are
in
tons.

Speciation
profile
for
Cincinnati:
7%
Sulfates,
15%
Nitrates,
78%
Carbon,
0%
Crustal
based
on
a
comparison
of
data
from
site
number
211170007
against
data
from
the
Livonia
monitor.

Factor
2:
Air
quality
There
are
no
PM2.5
monitors
in
the
Indiana
portion
of
the
Cincinnati
area.
The
design
value
for
the
metropolitan
area
is
17.8
µ
g/
m3
from
Hamilton
County,
Ohio.
The
following
are
design
values
for
Cincinnati
area
counties
in
Ohio
and
Kentucky
with
monitors.

County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Butler,
OH
16.2
µ
g/
m3
Hamilton,
OH
17.8
µ
g/
m3
Campbell,
KY
14.5
µ
g/
m3
Kenton,
KY
15.0
µ
g/
m3
Preble,
OH
13.5
µ
g/
m3
Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Dearborn,
IN
47,333
155
Ohio,
IN
5,804
67
6­
271
Boone,
KY
93,290
379
Campbell,
KY
88,604
583
Gallatin,
KY
7,836
79
Grant,
KY
23,620
91
Kenton,
KY
152,164
934
Pendleton,
KY
14,815
53
Brown,
OH
43,464
88
Butler,
OH
340,543
729
Clermont,
OH
183,352
406
Hamilton,
OH
833,721
2048
Warren,
OH
175,133
438
Factor
4:
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns
County
VMT
Growth
%
Change
Dearborn
607,000
­
55,000
­
9
%

Ohio
56,000
64,000
114
%

Commuting
Information:

Ohio
Ripley
Hamilton,
OH
Butler,
OH
Boone,
KY
Kenton,
KY
Into
Dearborn
906
1,082
1,335
163
350
244
From
Dearborn
311
1,095
7,672
750
1,466
459
Hamilton,
OH
Boone,
KY
Switzerland
Into
Ohio
County
87
25
393
From
Ohio
County
463
135
74
Factor
5:
Growth
County
%
Population
Change
Dearborn
19%

Ohio
6%
6­
272
Factor
6:
Meteorology
Year­
round
average
wind
direction
for
Dearborn
County,
Indiana:
23%
NW,
40%
SW,
18%
SE,
19%
NE;

Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
State
of
Indiana
has
no
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.

Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
Lawrenceburg
Township
in
Dearborn
County
is
designated
nonattainment
for
ozone
as
part
of
the
Cincinnati
ozone
nonattainment
area.
The
rest
of
this
county
and
Ohio
County
are
designated
as
attainment/
unclassified
for
ozone.

The
Ohio­
Kentucky­
Indiana
Regional
Council
of
Governments
(
OKI)
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
Butler,
Warren,
Clermont,
and
Hamilton
Counties
in
Ohio;
Campbell,
Kenton,
and
Boone
Counties
in
Kentucky;
and
Dearborn
County,
Indiana.

Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
Indiana
has
not
submitted
any
information
on
emission
controls
in
this
area.

6.5.2.3
Elkhart
Area
Discussion
The
Elkhart,
Indiana
Metropolitan
Area
consists
solely
of
Elkhart
County,
which
has
a
violating
monitor.
As
a
result
of
the
violating
monitor,
Indiana
recommended
that
it
be
designated
as
nonattainment.
EPA
also
considered
the
impact
of
the
surrounding
seven
counties.
These
counties
in
Indiana
include
Saint
Joseph,
Kosciusko,
Marshall,
Noble,
Lagrange
Counties,
which
Indiana
recommended
be
designated
as
attainment
for
PM2.5
and
in
Michigan
include
Saint
Joseph
and
Cass
Counties.
Of
the
surrounding
counties,
EPA
is
designating
Saint
Joseph
County,
Indiana,
as
nonattainment
and
the
remaining
six
counties
as
attainment/
unclassified.

Over
half
of
the
composite
emissions
score
for
the
eight
counties
is
from
Elkhart
and
Saint
Joseph
(
Ind.)
Counties.
In
fact,
Saint
Joseph
County
has
the
highest
emissions
score
with
emissions
comparable
to
Elkhart
County.
In
addition,
Saint
Joseph
County
has
a
large
population
with
Elkhart
County's
population
being
slightly
less.
The
vehicle
miles
traveled
(
VMT)
was
significant
in
both
counties.
There
are
a
large
number
of
Elkhart
County
workers
commuting
from
Saint
Joseph
County.
Although
Saint
Joseph
6­
273
County
has
a
monitor
showing
attainment,
the
particulate
matter
emissions
from
Saint
Joseph
County
would
reasonably
be
expected
to
contribute
to
concentrations
in
Elkhart
County.
This
is
because
Saint
Joseph
County
is
directly
west
of
Elkhart
County
and
the
winds
are
from
the
northwest
or
southwest
64%
of
the
time.
Elkhart
and
Saint
Joseph
Counties
are
designated
as
a
single
nonattainment
for
the
ozone
standard.
Also,
both
counties
are
in
the
same
metropolitan
planning
organization,
the
Michiana
Area
Council
of
Government.
EPA
is
designating
the
remaining
six
counties
as
attainment/
unclassified
because
they
have
much
lower
emissions,
population,
and
VMT
than
Elkhart
and
Saint
Joseph
Counties.

Factor
1:
Emissions
County
SO2
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emission
score
Elkhart
1,409
12,549
1,828
2,228
100.0
Kosciusko
428
5,387
679
1,682
36.5
Lagrange
809
3,259
326
755
28.8
Marshall
463
3,569
621
1,322
33.6
Noble
390
3,740
457
1,302
26.6
Saint
Joseph
2,850
13,690
1,482
1,825
114.1
Cass,
MI
325
2,080
263
814
17.1
St
Joseph,
MI
744
4,212
427
1,775
32.5
Speciation
profile
for
Elkhart:
25%
Sulfates,
8%
Nitrates,
65%
Carbon,
and
2%
Crustal
based
on
a
comparison
of
data
from
site
170310076
(
in
Chicago)
against
data
from
the
Bondville
monitor.
Adequate
speciation
data
were
not
available
from
Elkhart.

Factor
2:
Air
quality
County
2001­
03
Design
Value
Elkhart
15.2
µ
g/
m3
Saint
Joseph
14.3
µ
g/
m3
Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Elkhart
186,465
402
Saint
Joseph
267,120
585
6­
274
Factor
4:
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns
County
VMT
Growth
%
Change
Elkhart
2,087,000
615,000
29
%

Saint
Joseph
2,304,000
1,037,000
45
%

Commuting
Information:
29,756
people
commuted
into
Elkhart
County
in
2002.
107,500
people
lived
and
worked
in
Elkhart
County
in
2002.

Saint
Joseph
Into
Elkhart
County
10,850
From
Elkhart
County
3,722
Factor
5:
Growth
County
%
Growth
1990­
2000
Elkhart
17
%

Saint
Joseph
7
%

Factor
6:
Meteorology
Year­
round
average
wind
direction
for
Elkhart
County:
25%
NW,
39%
SW,
19%
SE,
16%
NE;
Saint
Joseph
County:
25%
NW,
39%
SW,
20%
SE,
16%
NE;

Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
State
of
Indiana
has
no
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.

Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
Elkhart
and
Saint
Joseph
counties
are
designated
as
a
joint
nonattainment
area
for
the
ozone
air
quality
standard.

The
Michiana
Area
Council
of
Government
is
the
MPO
for
Elkhart
and
Saint
Joseph
Counties.
6­
275
Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
Indiana
has
not
submitted
any
information
on
emission
controls
in
the
Elkhart
area.

6.5.2.4
Southwest
Indiana
(
Evansville
Area)

Discussion:

The
Evansville
Metropolitan
Area
includes
Warrick,
Posey,
and
Vanderburgh
Counties
in
Indiana
and
Henderson
County
in
Kentucky.
Dubois
County
is
not
part
of
a
metropolitan
area,
according
to
1999
Office
of
Management
and
Budget
metropolitan
area
definitions.
EPA
also
considered
numerous
other
adjacent
counties,
particularly
Gibson,
Pike,
and
Spencer
Counties.
Both
Vanderburgh
and
Dubois
Counties
have
violating
monitors
and
were
recommended
by
Indiana
to
be
designated
as
nonattainment
for
the
PM2.5
standard.
For
the
Evansville
Area,
EPA
is
designating
a
nonattainment
area
that
includes
Dubois,
Vanderburgh,
and
Warrick
Counties
as
well
as
portions
of
Gibson,
Pike,
and
Spencer
Counties.

In
the
June
2004
letters
from
EPA
to
the
States
responding
to
their
designation
recommendations,
EPA
proposed
the
designation
of
a
number
of
counties
primarily
because
of
high
pollutant
emissions
from
power
plants.
Most
of
these
plants
were
located
in
nearby
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
(
as
defined
either
by
the
1999
or
2003
OMB
metropolitan
area
definitions).
EPA
suggested
that
a
State
could
provide
a
partial
county
boundary
that
would
extend
to
the
relevant
power
plant
to
include
it
in
the
nonattainment
area.

A
number
of
states
responded
to
this
suggestion
with
a
series
of
connected
townships
or
other
unique
boundaries.
Some
states
also
suggested
an
alternative
approach
in
which
partial
county
areas
for
power
plants
in
some
cases
could
be
small
"
free­
standing"
boundaries
that
are
considered
part
of
the
nearby
nonattainment
area.
In
this
way,
it
would
not
be
necessary
to
include
additional
townships
or
other
minor
civil
divisions
comprising
an
odd­
shaped
"
land
connector"
extending
from
the
main
part
of
the
nonattainment
area
to
the
power
plant.

After
considering
these
comments
from
the
States,
EPA
agrees
that
such
an
approach
is
preferable
in
cases
where
a
partial
county
nonattainment
boundary
has
not
already
been
established
for
that
source
(
e.
g.
partial
county
boundaries
recently
established
for
8­
hour
ozone
nonattainment
areas).
For
purposes
of
consistency,
EPA
has
decided
that
freestanding
portions
of
nonattainment
areas
should
be
based
on
a
pre­
existing
boundary
for
a
minor
civil
division
(
such
as
a
township
or
tax
district)
or
other
boundary
defined
for
governmental
use
(
such
as
a
census
block
group
or
census
tract).
Accordingly,
this
kind
of
partial
county
boundary
should
not
be
defined
simply
as
the
boundary
of
the
facility.
Therefore,
Montgomery
Township
in
Gibson
County,
Washington
Township
in
Pike
County,
and
Ohio
Township
in
Spencer
County
are
partial
county
areas
included
in
the
Evansville
nonattainment
area.
6­
276
Gibson,
Spencer,
Pike,
and
Warrick
Counties
have
the
highest
emission
levels
in
Southwest
Indiana.
Emissions
of
both
direct
PM2.5
and
precursors
are
high
for
these
counties,
resulting
in
their
high
composite
emission
scores.
Dubois
and
Vanderburgh
Counties
have
design
values
exceeding
the
PM2.5
standard
of
15.0
µ
g/
m3,
despite
their
more
modest
emissions.
Spencer
County,
Indiana,
and
Daviess
County,
Kentucky
are
monitoring
below
the
standard
while
the
rest
of
the
area
including
the
adjacent
counties
have
no
monitors.

Vanderburgh
County
is
home
to
a
majority
of
the
Evansville
area
population.
Commuting
patterns
show
a
connection
between
Vanderburgh
and
Warrick
Counties.
Population
growth
was
modest
for
all
counties
being
considered.

Gibson
and
Pike
Counties
are
located
north
of
Vanderburgh
County
and
west
of
Dubois
County.
Spencer
and
Warrick
Counties
are
east
of
Vanderburgh
County
and
south
of
Dubois
County.
The
meteorological
data
presented
under
Factor
6
indicates
no
prevailing
wind
direction.
The
location
of
the
area
counties
and
the
varied
wind
directions
mean
that
Vanderburgh
County
or
Dubois
County
will
commonly
be
downwind
from
at
least
some
of
the
high
emissions
sources
in
these
counties.

EPA
believes
that
the
high
emissions
in
several
counties
in
the
area
contribute
to
the
violations
recorded
in
Vanderburgh
and
Dubois
Counties.
Gibson,
Pike,
Spencer,
and
Warrick
Counties
all
contain
power
plants
with
significant
emissions
that
contribute
to
the
violations
in
Dubois
and
Vanderburgh
Counties.
The
townships
identified
above
include
these
power
plants.

Factor
1:
Emissions
County
SO2
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emission
score
Posey
18,715
14,866
595
1,308
19.5
Vanderburgh
1,421
9,538
1,550
1,337
17.5
Warrick
102,206
28,647
1,655
4,940
52.3
Henderson,
KY
6,308
8,075
418
971
10.7
Crawford
536
3,842
161
137
4.3
Daviess
328
1,542
179
621
24.2
Dubois
1,694
5,665
1,037
995
11.3
Gibson
148,808
46,937
1,767
6,093
76.3
Martin
110
797
193
252
1.9
Perry
789
3,102
195
257
4.0
Pike
63,626
28,567
745
2,209
39.4
6­
277
Spencer
57,983
38,521
1,107
3,124
49.5
Webster,
KY
19,201
15,934
551
2,035
20.8
All
emissions
are
from
the
2001
NEI
and
are
in
tons.
Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.

Speciation
profile
for
Southwest
Indiana:
20%
Sulfates,
51%
Nitrates,
23%
Carbon,
and
6%
Crustal
based
on
a
comparison
of
data
from
site
number
210590014
(
in
Owensboro)
against
data
from
the
Mammoth
Cave
monitor.

The
Indiana
Power
and
Light
Company
Petersburg
facility
and
the
Hoosier
Energy
Ratts
Station
together
represent
approximately
99%
of
the
SO2,
96%
of
the
NOX,
83%
of
the
carbonaceous
particles
and
88%
of
the
crustal
emissions
for
Pike
County.
Designating
Washington
Township
as
nonattainment
captures
these
emissions
and
therefore
the
bulk
of
the
emissions
for
Pike
County.
The
Indiana
Michigan
Power
Rockport
facility
and
AK
Steel
Rockport
Works
together
represent
approximately
99%
of
the
SO2,
91%
of
the
NOX,
77%
of
the
carbonaceous
particles
and
81%
of
the
crustal
emissions
for
Spencer
County.
Designating
Ohio
Township
as
nonattainment
will
capture
the
bulk
of
the
emissions
for
Spencer
County.
The
PSI
Gibson
facility
represents
approximately
99%
of
the
Gibson
County
NOx
and
SO2
emissions.
Montgomery
Township
is
in
the
Evansville
nonattainment
area
because
it
captures
most
of
the
Gibson
County
emissions.

Factor
2:
Air
quality
County
2001­
03
Design
Value
Vanderburgh
15.5
µ
g/
m3
Henderson,
KY
14.0
µ
g/
m3
Dubois
16.2
µ
g/
m3
Spencer
14.4
µ
g/
m3
Daviess,
KY
14.9
µ
g/
m3
There
are
no
monitors
in
Gibson,
Pike,
Posey,
or
Warrick
Counties.

Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Posey
26,990
66
Vanderburgh
171,744
731
Warrick
53,624
140
6­
278
Henderson,
KY
44,995
102
Dubois
40,015
93
Gibson
32,590
67
Pike
12,908
38
Spencer
20,353
51
Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.

Factor
4:
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns
County
VMT
Growth
%
Change
Posey
508,000
­
63,000
­
12
%

Vanderburgh
1,732,000
552,000
32
%

Warrick
828,000
­
166,000
­
20
%

Henderson,
KY
510,000
271,000
53
%

Dubois
479,000
39,000
8
%

Gibson
429,000
70,000
17
%

Pike
178,000
104,000
58
%

Spencer
392,000
47,000
12
%

Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.

Commuting
Information:
29,553
people
commuted
into
Vanderburgh
County
in
2002.
104,660
people
lived
and
worked
in
Vanderburgh
County
in
2002.

Warrick
Posey
Gibson
Spencer
Pike
Dubois
Into
Vanderburgh
14,522
5,484
3,509
1,056
393
178
From
Vanderburgh
1,891
1,355
1,696
103
39
84
8,101
people
commuted
into
Dubois
County
in
2002.
26,873
people
lived
and
worked
in
Dubois
County
in
2002.

Spencer
Pike
Gibson
Warrick
Into
Dubois
1,494
1,653
236
293
From
Dubois
393
124
173
48
6­
279
Factor
5:
Growth
County
%
Growth
1990­
2000
Posey
4
%

Vanderburgh
4
%

Warrick
17
%

Henderson,
KY
4
%

Dubois
8
%

Gibson
2
%

Pike
3
%

Spencer
5
%

Metropolitan
area
counties
are
shown
in
bold.

Factor
6:
Meteorology
Year­
round
average
wind
direction
for
Vanderburgh
County:
30%
NW,
30%
SW,
21%
SE,
19%
NE;
Dubois
County:
27%
NW,
30%
SW,
22%
SE,
20%
NE;

Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
State
of
Indiana
has
no
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.

Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
Vanderburgh
and
Warrick
Counties
are
designated
as
nonattainment
for
the
ozone
NAAQS.
All
other
area
counties
are
designated
as
attainment/
unclassified.

The
MPO
for
the
Evansville
area,
the
Evansville
Urban
Transportation
Study,
covers
Vanderburgh,
Gibson,
Posey,
and
Warrick
Counties.

Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
The
Indiana
Michigan
Power
Rockport
facility
in
Spencer
County
has
installed
low
NOX
burners
and
over­
fire
air
to
reduce
NOX
and
SO2
emissions.
Facility
emissions
information
for
the
years
1999­
2003
show
an
approximate
reduction
in
NOX
and
SO2
6­
280
emissions
of
10%
and
15
%,
respectively.
For
the
years
2001­
2003
the
reductions
are
approximately
3%
and
1%
for
NOX
and
SO2,
respectively.

6.5.2.5
Indianapolis
Area
Discussion
The
Indianapolis
Metropolitan
Area
includes
nine
Indiana
counties:
Boone,
Hamilton,
Hancock,
Hendricks,
Johnson,
Madison,
Marion,
Morgan,
and
Shelby.
Indiana
recommended
designating
Marion
County
as
nonattainment
of
the
PM2.5
standard.

The
monitors
in
Marion
County
are
showing
a
violation
of
the
standard.
Madison
County's
monitor
indicates
concentrations
below
the
annual
PM2.5
standard
of
15.0
µ
g/
m3.
No
other
area
counties
have
monitored
air
quality
data.
The
Indianapolis
area
has
one
central
county,
Marion
County,
ringed
by
the
other
eight
counties.
The
eight
outlying
counties
are
all
a
similar
distance
from
the
central
county
with
no
intermediate
counties.
This
configuration
allows
the
EPA
to
consider
a
combination
of
emissions
and
wind
data
to
estimate
each
county's
potential
contributions
to
violation
of
the
annual
PM2.5
standard
in
Marion
County.
A
description
of
the
methods
for
assessing
this
information
is
given
along
with
the
Indianapolis
area
emissions
data
below.
EPA
believes
that
this
approach
provides
a
fine
tuned
comparison
of
the
potential
of
each
of
the
counties
surrounding
Marion
County
to
contribute
to
the
violations
recorded
in
Marion
County.

Marion
County
contributes
about
50
percent
of
the
emissions
of
the
metropolitan
area
on
a
composite
emissions
basis.
Consistent
with
its
intended
designations
elsewhere,
EPA
believes
that
this
indicates
that
more
than
just
Marion
County
contributes
to
the
violations,
and
that
the
planning
area
for
evaluating
strategies
must
include
a
greater
fraction
of
emissions
in
the
area.

The
wind­
weighted
emissions
information
suggests
that
Hamilton,
Hendricks,
Johnson,
Madison,
Morgan
and
Shelby
Counties
have
significant
potential
to
contribute
to
violations
in
Marion
County.
Conversely,
this
information
suggests
that
Boone
and
Hancock
have
somewhat
limited
potential
to
contribute
to
violations
in
Marion
County.

EPA
further
examined
the
proximity
of
the
emissions
in
the
surrounding
to
the
violations
in
Marion
County
and
commuting
and
growth
information.
None
of
the
Indianapolis
urbanized
area
as
defined
by
the
U.
S.
Census
Bureau
is
in
Madison
or
Shelby
Counties.
As
a
result,
Madison
and
Shelby
Counties
have
less
growth
and
less
commuting
into
Marion
County
than
other
counties
that
are
more
integrally
part
of
the
Indianapolis
area.
Much
of
the
population
and
emissions
in
Madison
and
Shelby
Counties
are
in
Anderson
and
Shelbyville,
respectively.
Thus,
these
emissions
are
at
a
greater
distance
from
the
violations
in
Marion
County
than
the
other
counties,
for
which
population
and
emissions
tend
to
be
concentrated
at
the
edge
of
Marion
County.

Indiana
stated
that
significant
emission
reductions
have
occurred
in
Hamilton
County
due
to
conversion
of
the
Noblesville
power
plant
to
natural
gas.
However,
EPA
finds
that
6­
281
even
were
this
plant's
emissions
to
be
eliminated,
the
remaining
emissions
in
Hamilton
County
would
still
be
sufficient
to
be
considered
to
be
contributing
to
violations
in
Marion
County.

For
these
reasons,
EPA
believes
that
Hamilton,
Hendricks,
Johnson,
Marion,
and
Morgan
Counties
contribute
to
the
violations
in
Marion
County.
This
is
why
EPA
is
designating
them
as
nonattainment.
EPA
believes
that
Boone,
Hancock,
Madison,
and
Shelby
Counties
do
not
contribute
and
were
designated
attainment/
unclassified.
EPA
also
concluded
that
none
of
the
numerous
counties
that
are
outside
but
adjacent
to
the
Indianapolis
Metropolitan
Area
should
be
considered
to
contribute
to
the
violations
in
Marion
County.

Factor
1:
Emissions
Given
the
unique
geography
of
the
Indianapolis
area,
EPA
calculated
a
wind­
weighted
emissions
score
as
well
as
a
composite
emissions
score
for
the
Indianapolis
area.
The
wind
data
used
in
calculating
the
wind­
weighted
score
reflect
the
frequency
of
winds
in
the
Indianapolis
area
from
each
of
16
directions.
This
data
is
provided
under
factor
6
below.

The
wind­
weighted
score
is
calculated
as
follows:
for
each
of
the
eight
counties
surrounding
Marion
County,
EPA
identified
the
direction
for
which
the
winds
would
blow
most
directly
over
Marion
County,
and
tabulated
the
sum
of
the
frequency
of
winds
for
that
direction
and
the
two
adjacent
directions
among
the
set
of
16
directions.
This
frequency
of
being
upwind
was
multiplied
times
the
composite
score
to
obtain
a
preliminary
wind­
weighted
composite
emissions
score.
These
eight
preliminary
scores
added
up
to
8.7.
For
Marion
County,
EPA
retained
the
unweighted
composite
emissions
score
of
50.6.
EPA
then
normalized
the
scores
of
the
surrounding
scores
to
add
up
to
49.4.
Each
county
score
was
multiplied
by
49.4/
8.7,
yielding
the
wind­
weighted
emissions
score.
The
total
of
the
wind­
weighted
emissions
scores
for
all
9
counties
is
100.

The
EPA
derived
wind­
weighted
emissions
scores
reflect
the
variability
of
frequency
of
winds
from
different
directions.
This
process
seeks
to
assess
more
precisely
the
relative
potential
impacts
of
the
counties
in
the
Indianapolis
area.
The
following
table
has
the
SO2,
NOx,
carbon,
and
crustal
emissions,
the
composite
emissions
scores,
along
with
the
wind­
weighted
emissions
scores
for
the
nine
counties
in
the
Indianapolis
area.
Emissions
data
and
composite
emissions
scores
are
also
provided
for
counties
adjacent
to
the
Indianapolis
Metropolitan
Area.
All
emissions
are
from
the
2001
NEI
and
are
in
tons.

County
SO2
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emissions
score
Wind­
weighted
emissions
score
Boone
224
3,468
297
988
3.1
3.1
Hamilton
5,215
9,251
730
1,635
8.0
6.2
6­
282
Hancock
338
3,936
395
1,022
3.8
2.8
Hendricks
773
5,802
593
1,596
5.7
6.8
Johnson
338
5,165
416
918
4.4
5.0
Madison
934
8,106
884
1,548
8.3
6.0
Marion
49,549
52,848
4,891
4,429
50.6
50.6
Morgan
17,343
8,303
554
1,362
7.0
11.3
Shelby
329
6,212
1,141
1,277
9.1
8.2
Bartholomew
520
5,309
659
1,382
5.9
 
Brown
46
828
132
131
1.1
 
Clay
243
2,057
209
641
2.0
 
Clinton
411
2,614
246
1,061
2.5
 
Decatur
154
2,525
190
717
2.1
 
Delaware
1,548
6,353
593
1,019
5.9
 
Fayette
150
1,426
156
392
1.5
 
Fountain
167
2,109
395
1,311
3.1
 
Grant
1,280
5,341
381
1,135
4.3
 
Henry
291
3,919
707
1,243
5.7
 
Jackson
260
3,427
341
533
3.3
 
Jefferson
39,599
33,990
549
1,368
11.2
 
Jennings
233
1,589
208
408
1.8
 
Monroe
2,168
4,852
545
647
5.1
 
Montgomery
1,072
4,099
691
1,213
5.7
 
Owen
100
1,052
118
273
1.1
 
Parke
125
3,140
389
571
3.5
 
Putnam
2,643
6,116
230
548
3.7
 
Randolf
494
2,731
232
968
2.4
 
Ripley
140
2,081
221
507
2.1
 
Rush
140
1,274
177
814
1.5
 
Scott
100
1,515
151
236
1.5
 
Tippecanoe
11,434
9,922
1,632
2,345
13.8
 
6­
283
Tipton
81
1,040
158
730
1.3
 
Wayne
13,919
5,951
589
1,498
6.2
 
Speciation
profile
for
Indianapolis:
3%
Sulfates,
38%
Nitrates,
59%
Carbon,
and
0%
Crustal
based
on
a
comparison
of
data
from
site
180970078
against
data
from
the
Livonia
monitor.

Factor
2:
Air
quality
County
2001­
03
Design
Value
Madison
14.6
µ
g/
m3
Marion
16.7
µ
g/
m3
There
are
no
monitors
in
Boone,
Hamilton,
Hancock,
Hendricks,
Johnson,
Morgan,
and
Shelby
Counties.

Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Boone
48,277
114
Hamilton
205,610
517
Hancock
58,343
191
Hendricks
114,301
280
Johnson
121,604
380
Madison
132,068
292
Marion
863,429
2,180
Morgan
67,791
167
Shelby
43,674
106
Factor
4:
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns
County
VMT
Growth
%
Change
Boone
752,000
­
160,000
­
21
%

Hamilton
1,807,000
­
81,000
­
5
%
6­
284
Hancock
732,000
­
2,000
0
%

Hendricks
1,240,000
6,000
0
%

Johnson
1,368,000
­
8,000
­
1
%

Madison
1,601,000
457,000
29
%

Marion
9,983,000
3,260,000
33
%

Morgan
913,000
17,000
2
%

Shelby
641,000
­
30,000
­
5
%

Commuting
Information:
189,804
people
commuted
into
Marion
County
in
2002.
489,449
people
lived
and
worked
in
Marion
County
in
2002.

Into
Marion
From
Marion
Boone
9,905
990
Hamilton
46,440
10,958
Hancock
15,700
1,487
Hendricks
33,009
4,602
Johnson
29,458
4,917
Madison
6,603
755
Morgan
15,749
807
Shelby
5,664
663
Factor
5:
Growth
County
%
Growth
1990­
2000
Boone
21
%

Hamilton
68
%

Hancock
22
%

Hendricks
37
%

Johnson
31
%

Madison
2
%

Marion
8
%

Morgan
19
%
6­
285
Shelby
8
%

Factor
6:
Meteorology
Indianapolis
Airport
wind
data
for
1984
to
1992
(
9
year
average,
all
seasons):

N
5.07
%

NNE
4.11
%

NE
4.35
%

ENE
4.31
%

E
3.76
%

ESE
4.96
%

SE
5.95
%

SSE
4.94
%

S
7.22
%

SSW
7.76
%

SW
11.38
%

WSW
9.20
%

W
5.82
%

WNW
6.13
%

NW
6.27
%

NNW
5.43
%

Calm
3.34
%

Wind
directions
for
each
county
used
in
computing
wind­
weighted
emissions
scores:

County
Wind
Directions
Boone
NNW
NW
WNW
Hamilton
N
NNE
NE
Hancock
ENE
E
ESE
Hendricks
WSW
W
WNW
Johnson
SSE
S
SSW
Madison
NNE
NE
ENE
6­
286
Morgan
SSW
SW
WSW
Shelby
ESE
SE
SSE
Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
State
of
Indiana
has
no
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.

Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
Boone,
Hamilton,
Hancock,
Hendricks,
Johnson,
Madison,
Marion,
Morgan,
and
Shelby
Counties
are
all
designated
as
nonattainment
for
the
ozone
air
quality
standard.

The
Indianapolis
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
serves
Boone,
Hamilton,
Hancock,
Hendricks,
Johnson,
Marion,
Morgan,
and
Shelby
Counties.

Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
The
PSI
Energy
Noblesville
power
plant
in
Hamilton
County
was
converted
from
burning
coal
to
natural
gas
in
2003.
This
conversion
significantly
reduced
NOX
and
SO2
emissions
at
this
facility.
However,
when
EPA
recalculated
composite
emission
scores
assuming
the
complete
elimination
of
emissions
from
this
facility,
the
composite
emission
score
declined
only
from
8.0
to
7.2.

6.5.2.6
Louisville
Area
Discussion
The
Louisville
Metropolitan
Area
includes
three
Kentucky
counties
and
Clark,
Floyd,
Harrison,
and
Scott
Counties
in
Indiana.
Several
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
were
evaluated,
especially
Jefferson
County,
Indiana.
Indiana
recommended
designating
Clark
County
as
nonattainment
of
the
PM2.5
standard.
EPA
is
designating
Clark
and
Floyd
Counties
and
Madison
Township
in
Jefferson
County
as
non­
attainment.

In
the
June
2004
letters
from
EPA
to
the
States
responding
to
their
designation
recommendations,
EPA
proposed
the
designation
of
a
number
of
counties
primarily
because
of
high
pollutant
emissions
from
power
plants.
Most
of
these
plants
were
located
in
nearby
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
(
as
defined
either
by
the
1999
or
2003
OMB
metropolitan
area
definitions).
EPA
suggested
that
a
State
could
provide
a
partial
county
boundary
that
would
extend
to
the
relevant
power
plant
to
include
it
in
the
nonattainment
area.
6­
287
A
number
of
states
responded
to
this
suggestion
with
a
series
of
connected
townships
or
other
unique
boundaries.
Some
states
also
suggested
an
alternative
approach
in
which
partial
county
areas
for
power
plants
in
some
cases
could
be
small
"
free­
standing"
boundaries
that
are
considered
part
of
the
nearby
nonattainment
area.
In
this
way,
it
would
not
be
necessary
to
include
additional
townships
or
other
minor
civil
divisions
comprising
an
odd­
shaped
"
land
connector"
extending
from
the
main
part
of
the
nonattainment
area
to
the
power
plant.

After
considering
these
comments
from
the
States,
EPA
agrees
that
such
an
approach
is
preferable
in
cases
where
a
partial
county
nonattainment
boundary
has
not
already
been
established
for
that
source
(
e.
g.
partial
county
boundaries
recently
established
for
8­
hour
ozone
nonattainment
areas).
For
purposes
of
consistency,
EPA
has
decided
that
freestanding
portions
of
nonattainment
areas
should
be
based
on
a
pre­
existing
boundary
for
a
minor
civil
division
(
such
as
a
township
or
tax
district)
or
other
boundary
defined
for
governmental
use
(
such
as
a
census
block
group
or
census
tract).
Accordingly,
this
kind
of
partial
county
boundary
should
not
be
defined
simply
as
the
boundary
of
the
facility.
Therefore,
Madison
Township
in
Jefferson
County
is
a
partial
county
area
included
in
the
Louisville
nonattainment
area.

The
monitor
in
Clark
County
is
showing
a
violation
of
the
standard.
Floyd
County's
monitor
is
just
below
the
annual
PM2.5
standard
of
15
µ
g/
m3.
The
emissions
from
both
Floyd
and
Clark
Counties
are
significant,
with
Floyd
County's
emissions
being
greater.
Jefferson
County,
Indiana
also
has
a
substantial
level
of
emissions,
the
bulk
of
which
is
captured
by
designating
Madison
Township
as
nonattainment.
There
are
relatively
low
emissions
from
Harrison
and
Scott
Counties.

The
population
in
Clark
and
Floyd
Counties
dominates
the
Indiana
population
in
the
area.
All
metropolitan
area
counties
had
a
similar
growth
rate.
There
is
significant
commuting
between
Clark
and
Floyd
Counties
and
from
both
counties
into
the
Kentucky
portion
of
the
Louisville
area.
Commuting
from
Harrison
and
Scott
Counties
to
the
rest
of
the
metropolitan
area
is
modest.
There
is
very
limited
commuting
from
Jefferson
County,
Indiana.

Meteorological
data
shows
the
wind
is
from
the
northeast
about
21%
of
the
time.
Jefferson
County,
Indiana
is
located
northeast
of
Clark
and
Floyd
Counties.
EPA
believes
that
winds
blow
sufficiently
frequent
from
the
northeast
and
emissions
from
Jefferson
County,
Indiana,
are
sufficient
that
Jefferson
County
should
be
considered
to
contribute
to
violations
in
Louisville.
Clark
and
Floyd
Counties
are
included
in
the
Louisville
area
ozone
designations
and
with
its
metropolitan
planning
organization.
The
state
did
not
provided
any
information
on
emission
controls
in
the
Indiana
portion
of
the
Louisville
area.

Jefferson
County
is
adjacent
to
the
Louisville
Metropolitan
Area
and
contains
a
power
plant
with
significant
emissions
that
contribute
to
the
violations
in
the
Louisville
Metropolitan
Area.
These
emissions
are
captured
by
designating
Madison
Township
as
nonattainment.
6­
288
Factor
1:
Emissions
County
SO2
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emissions
score
Clark
484
4,960
725
773
12.2
Floyd
47,796
10,282
954
2,301
16.4
Harrison
419
3,677
305
466
5.3
Scott
100
1,515
151
236
2.6
Bullitt,
KY
343
3,463
433
379
7.3
Jefferson,
KY
62,526
81,398
2,817
3,816
51.5
Oldham,
KY
529
3,707
271
475
4.7
Crawford
536
3,842
161
137
2.9
Jefferson
39,599
33,990
549
1,368
11.2
Jennings
233
1,589
208
408
3.5
Lawrence
4,330
5,707
376
909
6.5
Orange
86
2,017
171
286
2.9
Perry
789
3,102
195
257
3.4
Washington
136
1,452
380
119
3.1
Anderson,
KY
443
1,535
144
180
2.5
Breckinridge,
KY
321
2,592
260
288
4.4
Carroll,
KY
53,086
26,269
821
2,177
15.2
Franklin,
KY
601
3,059
217
273
3.8
Grayson,
KY
412
1,532
235
341
4
Green,
KY
104
507
103
151
1.7
Hardin,
KY
1,774
7,695
524
644
2.1
Hart,
KY
162
1,839
188
193
3.2
Henry,
KY
156
1,465
125
288
1.8
Larue,
KY
186
768
108
180
4.0
Marion,
KY
143
801
147
225
2.5
Meade,
KY
661
4,551
227
439
5.0
Nelson,
KY
497
2,134
296
463
4.0
6­
289
Owen,
KY
57
572
126
105
2.1
Shelby,
KY
397
2,906
231
446
1.7
Spencer,
KY
31
393
102
174
4.6
Taylor,
KY
632
3,642
172
221
3.1
Trimble,
KY
7,998
8,458
249
506
2.9
Washington,
KY
115
618
110
157
1.8
All
emissions
are
from
the
2001
NEI
and
are
in
tons.
Metropolitan
area
counties
are
in
bold.

Speciation
profile
for
Louisville:
0%
Sulfates,
7%
Nitrates,
93%
Carbon,
and
0%
Crustal
based
on
a
comparison
of
data
from
site
number
211110043
(
in
Louisville)
against
data
from
the
Livonia
monitor.

The
Clifty
Creek
Station
in
Madison
Township
represents
approximately
99%
of
the
SO2,
92%
of
the
NOX,
62%
of
the
carbonaceous
particles
and
76%
of
the
crustal
emissions
for
Jefferson
County.
Therefore,
designating
Madison
Township
as
nonattainment
will
capture
the
bulk
of
Jefferson
County's
emissions.

Factor
2:
Air
quality
6­
290
County
2001­
03
Design
Value
Clark
16.2
µ
g/
m3
Floyd
14.9
µ
g/
m3
Bullitt,
KY
15.0
µ
g/
m3
Jefferson,
KY
16.9
µ
g/
m3
There
are
no
monitors
in
Harrison,
Scott,
and
Jefferson
Counties
in
Indiana.

Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Clark
98,198
262
Floyd
71,633
484
Harrison
35,244
73
Scott
23,334
123
Bullitt
63,800
213
Jefferson
698,080
1813
Oldham
49,310
261
Jefferson
32,113
89
Factor
4:
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns
County
VMT
Growth
%
Change
Clark
1,262,000
144,000
11
%

Floyd
843,000
292,000
35
%

Harrison
528,000
79,000
15
%

Scott
364,000
­
89,000
­
25
%

Bullitt,
KY
849,000
­
178,000
­
21
%

Jefferson,
KY
7,149,000
4,398,000
62
%

Oldham,
KY
507,000
2,000
0
%

Jefferson
331,000
26,000
8
%

Commuting
Information:
6­
291
Floyd
Harrison
Scott
Jefferson,
IN
Kentucky
Into
Clark
County
5,224
1,376
866
198
780
From
Clark
County
4,591
530
316
775
16,582
Harrison
Scott
Jefferson,
IN
Kentucky
Into
Floyd
County
2,073
223
39
466
From
Floyd
County
921
66
492
12,647
Factor
5:
Growth
County
%
Growth
1990­
2000
Clark,
IN
10%

Floyd,
IN
10%

Harrison,
IN
15%

Scott,
IN
9%

Bullitt,
KY
29%

Jefferson,
KY
4%

Oldham,
KY
39%

Jefferson,
IN
6%

Factor
6:
Meteorology
Year­
round
average
wind
direction
for
Clark
County,
Indiana:
22%
NW,
33%
SW,
24%
SE,
21%
NE;
Floyd
County,
Indiana:
22%
NW,
32%
SW,
25%
SE,
21%
NE;

Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
States
of
Indiana
and
Kentucky
have
no
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.
6­
292
Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
Clark
and
Floyd
Counties
are
designated
as
nonattainment
in
the
Louisville
ozone
nonattainment
area.
Harrison,
Scott,
and
Jefferson
Counties
in
Indiana
are
designated
as
attainment/
unclassified.

The
Kentuckiana
Regional
Planning
and
Development
Agency
serves
as
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
Clark
and
Floyd
Counties
in
Indiana.

Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
Indiana
has
not
submitted
any
information
on
emission
controls
in
this
area.

6.5.2.7
Muncie
Area
Discussion
The
Muncie
area
consists
of
Delaware
County,
Indiana.
EPA
is
designating
Delaware
County
as
unclassifiable
for
the
PM2.5
standard.
This
represents
a
modification
of
the
State's
recommendation
that
this
county
be
designated
attainment/
unclassifiable.

Data
must
be
collected
for
at
least
75%
of
the
scheduled
days
in
a
calendar
quarter
to
meet
the
completeness
criteria
for
showing
attainment.

Muncie
has
a
single
PM2.5
monitor
that
is
scheduled
to
sample
on
every
third
day.
In
the
first
quarters
of
2001
and
2003,
this
monitor
recorded
less
than
75
percent
of
the
scheduled
values
but
more
than
11
samples.
EPA
policy
states
that
this
quantity
of
data
is
insufficient
to
label
an
area
as
attainment,
insofar
as
the
data
are
considered
complete.
On
the
other
hand,
EPA
policy
states
that
this
quantity
of
data
is
sufficient
to
label
an
area
nonattainment,
with
the
data
being
considered
complete
in
this
case.
The
following
are
the
3­
year
average
values
recorded
at
this
site.

County
2000­
02
Design
Value
2001­
03
Design
Value
Delaware
15.1
µ
g/
m3
14.3
µ
g/
m3
The
annual
PM2.5
standard
is
15.0
µ
g/
m3.

Under
EPA
policy,
the
data
for
2000
to
2002
are
considered
complete,
and
the
data
for
2001
to
2003
are
considered
incomplete.
On
the
other
hand,
the
most
recent
data
suggest
that
the
area
is
attaining
the
standard.
Therefore,
EPA
concludes
that
it
cannot
currently
judge
the
most
appropriate
designation
for
this
area.
EPA
intends
to
promulgate
either
a
nonattainment
or
an
attainment/
unclassifiable
designation
for
this
area
once
further
data
are
available.
EPA
will
consult
further
with
the
State
once
the
necessary
data
become
available.
6­
293
6.5.3
EPA
9­
Factor
Analyses
for
Michigan
for
Designation
of
PM2.5
Nonattainment
Areas
The
following
table
identifies
the
individual
areas
and
counties
comprising
those
areas
in
Michigan
that
EPA
is
designating
as
nonattainment
for
the
fine
particulate
matter
("
PM2.5")
air
quality
standard.
EPA
is
designating
as
attainment/
unclassifiable
all
other
Michigan
counties
not
identified
in
the
table
below.

Area
Michigan
Counties
in
Metropolitan
Area
Michigan
Recommended
Nonattainment
Counties
Counties
EPA
is
Designating
Nonattainment
Detroit­
Ann
Arbor­
Flint
Monroe
Wayne
Livingston
Macomb
Oakland
St
Clair
Washtenaw
Genesee
Lapeer
Lenawee
Monroe
Wayne
Monroe
Wayne
Livingston
Macomb
Oakland
St
Clair
Washtenaw
6.5.3.1
Detroit­
Ann
Arbor­
Flint
Area
Discussion:

EPA
reviewed
the
nine
factors
for
the
counties
within
the
metropolitan
area
as
well
as
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
in
order
to
determine
the
appropriate
nonattainment
area.
There
are
violating
monitors
in
Monroe
and
Wayne
counties.
EPA
agrees
with
the
Michigan
DEQ
to
designate
Monroe
and
Wayne
counties
as
nonattainment.
However,
based
upon
our
nine­
factor
analysis,
EPA
believes
that
in
addition
to
Monroe
and
Wayne
counties,
the
Detroit
nonattainment
area
should
also
include
Livingston,
Macomb,
Oakland,
St.
Clair,
and
Washtenaw
counties
as
one
contiguous
area.
These
counties
have
significant
emissions
and
the
population,
population
density,
and
vehicle
miles
traveled
(
VMT)
are
at
sufficient
levels
to
be
part
of
the
designated
area.
This
is
consistent
with
the
national
approach
of
capturing
the
majority
of
emissions
and
population
in
a
metropolitan
area.
Genesee,
Lapeer,
and
Lenawee
counties
are
also
in
the
Metropolitan
area
but
were
excluded
upon
review
of
the
9
factors.
Except
for
Genesee
County,
which
is
discussed
below,
these
counties
have
lower
emissions,
population,
population
density,
and
VMT.

Michigan
supported
its
recommendation
of
attainment
for
most
counties
by
attributing
the
violations
in
Wayne
County
predominantly
to
high
emissions
in
Wayne
County,
and
attributing
the
violation
in
Monroe
County
to
emissions
in
Toledo,
Ohio.
Michigan
notes
the
monitored
attainment
in
Macomb
County,
and
observes
that
trajectories
for
high
and
low
concentration
days
in
Wayne
County
indicate
that
the
highest
concentrations
occur
when
winds
are
from
the
south
and
west.
Michigan
concludes
from
this
evidence
that
the
6­
294
Wayne
County
violations
arise
from
a
combination
of
long­
range
transport
and
very
localized
emissions,
and
that
counties
other
than
Wayne
County
do
not
contribute
to
violations
in
Wayne
County.

EPA
disagrees
with
Michigan's
analysis.
EPA's
guidance
includes
a
presumption
that
the
entire
metropolitan
area
contributes
to
the
nonattainment
problem,
reflecting
evidence
that
the
various
types
of
emissions
that
lead
to
PM2.5
concentrations
have
impacts
on
many
distance
scales
including
metropolitan
scale.
Michigan
has
not
provided
a
convincing
demonstration
that
EPA's
presumption
and
the
underlying
understanding
of
the
nature
of
PM2.5
is
invalid
or
inapplicable
to
the
Detroit
area.
The
design
value
in
Macomb
County
is
15.0
micrograms
per
cubic
meter,
just
barely
attaining
the
standard.
While
it
is
evident
that
Macomb
County
does
not
by
itself
cause
violations
in
Wayne
County,
the
wind
data
shown
for
factor
6
below
demonstrate
that
winds
often
blow
from
Macomb
County
into
Wayne
County.
While
the
wind
blows
from
the
southwest
quadrant
more
frequently
than
other
quadrants,
the
wind
blows
from
the
northwest
or
northeast
quadrants
about
40
percent
of
the
time.
Trajectory
information
can
often
be
misleading;
since
a
high
fraction
of
observed
PM2.5
concentrations
are
attributable
to
long
range
transport,
trajectories
for
high
concentration
days
tend
to
be
a
better
measure
of
whether
distant
contributions
to
transported
"
background"
concentrations
are
high
rather
than
indicating
high
local
contributions.
Michigan's
analysis
also
does
not
address
the
contributions
to
Wayne
County
concentrations
from
mobile
sources
that
originate
in
other
counties.
Although
different
components
of
PM2.5
have
different
geographic
scales
of
impact,
EPA
continues
to
believe
that
emissions
throughout
a
metropolitan
area
can
contribute
significantly
to
observed
violations.
Since
a
significant
fraction
of
the
Detroit
area's
emissions
occur
in
Livingston,
Macomb,
Oakland,
St.
Clair,
and
Washtenaw
Counties,
EPA
believes
that
these
contribute
to
nonattainment
in
Wayne
and
Monroe
Counties.

The
composite
emissions
score
for
Genesee
County
is
somewhat
higher
than
that
of
Washtenaw
County.
EPA
nevertheless
believes
that
Washtenaw
County
contributes
to
violations
in
Wayne
and
Monroe
Counties
and
Genesee
County
does
not.
Washtenaw
County
is
upwind
of
Wayne
and
Monroe
Counties
somewhat
more
frequently
than
Genesee
County.
More
importantly,
Washtenaw
County
is
closer
to
Wayne
and
Monroe
Counties
and
the
observed
violations,
which
means
that
the
emissions
are
likely
to
have
a
greater
impact
and
mobile
sources
are
more
likely
to
be
traveling
into
the
violating
counties.
Finally,
Washtenaw
County
is
part
of
the
Detroit
ozone
nonattainment
area
whereas
Genesee
County
is
part
of
a
separate
ozone
nonattainment
area,
and
the
Detroit
area
metropolitan
planning
organization
includes
Washtenaw
County
and
not
Genesee
County.
Therefore,
including
Washtenaw
County
in
the
PM2.5
nonattainment
area
will
facilitate
coordinated
ozone
and
PM2.5
planning.

Michigan
requested
that
Wayne
and
Monroe
Counties
each
be
treated
as
single
county
nonattainment
areas.
Michigan
has
not
justified
a
conclusion
that
either
of
these
counties
may
be
considered
single
county
nonattainment
areas.
While
Monroe
County
may
sometimes
be
considered
part
of
the
Toledo
area
(
along
with
Lucas
and
Wood
Counties,
Ohio),
particularly
when
winds
are
from
the
south,
on
such
occasions
Monroe
County
6­
295
also
contributes
to
violations
in
Wayne
County.
The
Detroit
area
also
contributes
to
violations
in
Monroe
County.
Therefore,
EPA
intends
to
designate
a
single
Detroit
area
nonattainment
area
that
includes
Monroe
County.

There
are
seven
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
that
are
not
a
part
of
another
violating
metropolitan
area.
These
counties
have
relatively
low
emissions,
and
no
other
factors
warrant
including
these
counties
in
the
nonattainment
area.
Therefore,
no
data
are
provided
for
these
counties
under
factors
3
to
9
below.

Factor
1.
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area:

County
SOx
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emissions
score
Genesee
3,010
20,648
1,377
1,914
7.5
Lapeer
895
5,202
389
1,109
2.1
Lenawee
642
4,496
554
1,488
2.5
Livingston
701
8,024
852
1,695
4.0
Macomb
4,602
33,482
1,413
1,282
9.5
Monroe
126,037
62,432
1,565
4,834
15.1
Oakland
8,277
44,171
2,264
1,829
13.6
St.
Clair
72,450
40,659
1,248
2,687
10.4
Washtenaw
2,163
14,980
944
1,502
5.3
Wayne
59,884
107,604
4,435
2,823
29.9
Hillsdale
1,286
3,270
245
812
1.4
Ingham
13,381
17,912
648
1,126
4.9
Jackson
1,093
7,895
599
1,269
3.2
Saginaw
2,812
9,755
978
2,457
4.8
Sanilac
397
2,893
422
1,429
1.9
Shiawassee
768
3,749
318
1,024
1.7
Tuscola
531
3,162
417
1,404
1.9
Fulton,
OH
878
5,105
336
692
1.9
Lucas,
OH
31,000
36,975
1,370
1,702
10.0
Urban
increment:
Total
mass=
4.3
µ
g/
m3
0%
sulfates;
54%
nitrates;
42%
carbon;
4%
crustal.
Urban
site=
261630001;
Rural
site=
MKGO1
(
M.
K.
Goddard)

Factor
2.
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Genesee
12.6
Macomb
13.3
Monroe
15.1
Oakland
14.8
6­
296
St.
Clair
13.9
Washtenaw
14.6
Wayne
19.5
Ingham
13.4
Saginaw
11.0
Lucas,
OH
15.2
Factor
3.
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2003
Population
Population
Density
Genesee
441,423
690
Lapeer
90,776
139
Lenawee
100,145
133
Livingston
168,862
297
Macomb
808,529
1684
Monroe
149,253
271
Oakland
1,202,721
1378
St.
Clair
167,712
231
Washtenaw
334,351
471
Wayne
2,045,540
3331
Factor
4.
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns:

County
County
VMT
(
Thousands)
Percent
Number
Genesee
4,842
18
33,966
Lapeer
1,139
50
20,118
Lenawee
908
22
10,026
Livingston
1,804
54
42,858
Macomb
6,964
41
156,343
Monroe
1,679
28
19,372
Oakland
10,758
28
167,943
St.
Clair
2,029
35
26,992
Washtenaw
3,521
21
35,525
Wayne
20,171
24
201,563
Factor
5.
Expected
growth:

County
Percent
growth
1990­
2000
Genesee
1
Lapeer
18
Lenawee
8
Livingston
36
Macomb
10
Monroe
9
Oakland
10
St
Clair
13
Washtenaw
14
Wayne
­
2
6­
297
Factor
6.
Meteorology:

Average
percent
of
wind
direction
by
quadrant
County
Northwest
Southwest
Southeast
Northeast
Genesee
24
42
18
16
Lapeer
25
40
18
17
Lenawee
25
40
16
19
Livingston
26
40
18
17
Macomb
26
39
18
18
Monroe
25
40
16
19
Oakland
25
39
18
18
St.
Clair
25
39
18
18
Washtenaw
26
39
17
19
Wayne
26
38
17
19
Factor
7.
Geography/
topography:

There
are
no
geographical
features
(
mountain
ranges,
abrupt
changes
in
land
elevation,
etc.)
that
affect
this
area.
The
state
provided
no
information
about
geography/
topography
for
this
area.

Factor
8.
Jurisdictional
boundaries:

The
Southeast
Michigan
Council
of
Governments
(
SEMCOG
)
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
Livingston,
Macomb,
Monroe,
Oakland,
St.
Clair,
Washtenaw,
and
Wayne
counties.
­
source:
SEMCOG
web
page,
http://
www.
semcog.
org/

This
metropolitan
area
is
divided
into
two
ozone
nonattainment
areas.
The
Detroit
area
includes
the
following
counties:
Lenawee,
Livingston,
Macomb,
Monroe,
Oakland,
St
Clair,
Washtenaw,
and
Wayne.
The
Flint
area
includes
the
following
counties:
Genesee
and
Lapeer.

Factor
9.
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources:

The
state
provided
no
information
about
the
level
of
control
of
emission
sources
for
this
area.

6.5.4
EPA
9­
Factor
Analyses
for
Ohio
for
Designation
of
Nonattainment
Areas
for
PM2.5
The
following
table
identifies
the
individual
areas
and
counties
comprising
those
areas
in
Ohio
that
EPA
is
designating
as
nonattainment.
Ohio
provided
two
options
of
recommendations:
Option
1
only
includes
counties
monitoring
nonattainment,
and
Option
2
includes
the
Option
1
counties
plus
additional
counties
recommended
as
contributing
to
nonattainment.
EPA
finds
the
Option
2
recommendations
generally
to
reflect
a
proper
review
of
nonattainment
areas
in
accordance
with
EPA
guidance,
and
so
this
table
6­
298
compares
EPA's
recommendations
to
Ohio's
Option
2
recommendations.
Following
this
table
is
a
description
of
the
data
EPA
examined
and
a
discussion
of
each
area
and
the
basis
for
EPA's
designations.
EPA
is
designating
as
attainment/
unclassifiable
all
counties
not
identified
in
the
table
below.

Area
Ohio
Counties
in
Metropolitan
Area
Ohio
Recommended
Nonattainment
Counties
(
Option
2)
Counties
EPA
is
Designating
Nonattainment
Canton­
Massillon,
OH
Stark
Carroll
Stark
Stark
Cincinnati­
Hamilton,
OH­
KY­
IN
Butler
Clermont
Hamilton
Warren
Brown
Butler
Clermont
Hamilton
Warren
Butler
Clermont
Hamilton
Warren
Cleveland­
Akron­
Lorain,
OH
Cuyahoga
Lake
Lorain
Medina
Portage
Summit
Ashtabula
Geauga
Cuyahoga
Lake
Lorain
Medina
Portage
Summit
Cuyahoga
Lake
Lorain
Medina
Portage
Summit
Ashtabula
Ashtabula
Township
Columbus,
OH
Delaware
Fairfield
Franklin
Licking
Madison
Pickaway
Delaware
Fairfield
Franklin
Licking
Delaware
Fairfield
Franklin
Licking
Coshocton
Franklin
Township
Dayton­
Springfield,
OH
Clark
Greene
Montgomery
Miami
Clark
Greene
Montgomery
Clark
Greene
Montgomery
Huntington­
Ashland,
WV­
KY­
OH
Lawrence
Lawrence
Scioto
Lawrence
Scioto
Adams
Monroe
Township
Sprigg
Township
Gallia
Cheshire
Township
Parkersburg­
Marietta,
WV­
OH
Washington
Washington
Steubenville­
Weirton,
OH­
WV
Jefferson
Jefferson
Jefferson
Toledo,
OH
Lucas
Wood
Fulton
Lucas
Wood
Lucas
Wood
6­
299
Wheeling,
WV­
OH
Belmont
Belmont
Youngstown­
Warren,
OH
Columbiana
Mahoning
Trumbull
Columbiana
Mahoning
Trumbull
Columbiana
Mahoning
Trumbull
6.5.4.1
Canton­
Massillon,
OH
Discussion:
There
are
two
counties
in
this
metropolitan
area,
Stark
County
and
Carroll
County.
EPA
agrees
with
the
Ohio
EPA
that
the
Canton­
Massillon
area
should
include
only
Stark
County.
The
majority
of
the
emissions
and
population
are
located
in
Stark
County,
which
contains
a
monitor
that
is
violating
the
standard.
Stark
County
also
represents
the
ozone
nonattainment
area
for
the
Canton­
Massillon
Metropolitan
Area.
There
are
four
counties
that
are
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area,
Harrison,
Holmes,
Tuscarawas
and
Wayne
Counties
that
are
not
part
of
other
metropolitan
areas.
Of
these
counties,
only
Wayne
County
required
further
review
due
to
the
population
and
emissions
in
the
county.
Wayne
County
is
adjacent
to
both
the
Cleveland
and
Canton
Metropolitan
areas.
It
does
not
appear
appropriate
to
associate
this
county
with
the
Canton­
Massillon
Metropolitan
Area.
There
is
limited
commuting
from
Wayne
County
to
the
Canton­
Massillon
Metropolitan
Area
and
there
does
not
appear
to
be
additional
interaction
that
would
indicate
a
need
to
include
Wayne
County
in
the
nonattainment
area.
In
addition,
Wayne
County
has
relatively
low
emissions
when
compared
to
emissions
in
the
Cleveland
Metropolitan
Area.

Because
emissions
are
relatively
low
for
Harrison,
Holmes,
and
Tuscarawas
Counties,
and
no
other
factor
warranted
designating
these
counties
nonattainment,
the
following
data
summaries
for
factors
3
through
9
do
not
address
these
counties.

Factor
1.
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area:

County
SOx
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emission
score
Carroll
386
1,886
120
234
10.0
Stark
2,736
14,968
1,255
2,158
90.0
Harrison
258
712
70
116
5.2
Holmes
272
1,687
141
448
10.8
Tuscarawas
3,970
6,333
354
553
40.5
Wayne
21,450
8,911
702
1,849
126.4
6­
300
Urban
increment:
Total
mass
=
4.2
µ
g/
m3
11%
sulfates;
30%
nitrates;
49%
carbon;
10%
crustal.
Urban
site
=
390990014;
Rural
site
=
MKGO1
(
M.
K.
Goddard)

Factor
2.
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Stark
17.3
µ
g/
m3
Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Carroll
29,166
74
Stark
377,940
656
Wayne
112,704
203
Factor
4:
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns:

County
Number
Percent
County
VMT
(
Thousands)

Carroll
5,125
40
193
Stark
956
1
3,135
Wayne
1,681
3
1,039
Factor
5:
Expected
growth
County
Percent
growth
1990­
2000
Carroll
9
Stark
3
Wayne
10
Factor
6:
Meteorology
6­
301
Average
percent
of
wind
direction
by
quadrant
County
Northwest
Southwest
Southeast
Northeast
Carroll
27
39
18
17
Stark
24
41
17
17
Wayne
24
41
18
16
Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
There
are
no
geographical
features
(
mountain
ranges,
abrupt
changes
in
elevation,
etc.)
that
affect
this
area.
The
State
provided
no
information
about
geography/
topography
for
this
area.

Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
The
Stark
County
Regional
Planning
Commission/
Stark
County
Area
Transportation
Study
(
SCATS)
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
the
Canton­
Massillon,
OH.
­
Source:
SCATS
web
page,
http://
www.
rpc.
co.
stark.
oh.
us/
scats.
html
The
area's
ozone
nonattainment
area
consists
of
the
following
county:
­
Stark
Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
The
State
provided
no
information
about
the
level
of
control
of
emission
sources
for
this
area.

6.5.4.2
Cincinnati­
Hamilton
Area
Discussion:

There
are
five
Ohio
counties
in
this
Metropolitan
area:
Brown,
Butler,
Clermont,
Hamilton
and
Warren
Counties.
There
are
violating
monitors
in
Butler
and
Hamilton
Counties.
EPA
agrees
with
the
Ohio
EPA's
Option
2
recommendation
to
include
Butler,
Clermont,
Hamilton
and
Warren
Counties
as
nonattainment
for
the
Cincinnati­
Hamilton
nonattainment
area.
Brown
County
is
not
included
because
there
are
minimal
emissions
and
population
in
this
county
relative
to
the
Metropolitan
area.
Brown
County
was
also
excluded
from
the
ozone
nonattainment
area
for
Cincinnati­
Hamilton.
There
are
four
counties
that
are
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
in
Ohio
and
not
included
in
other
metropolitan
areas.
These
counties
are
Preble,
Clinton,
Highland
and
Adams
Counties.
Of
these
adjacent
counties,
Adams
County
merits
further
review
due
to
the
emissions
in
6­
302
the
county.
Adams
County
is
more
likely
to
contribute
to
violations
in
Scioto
County
and
the
Huntington­
Ashland
metropolitan
area,
and
is
addressed
in
connection
with
that
area.

Because
emissions
are
relatively
low
for
Preble,
Clinton,
and
Highland
Counties,
and
no
other
factor
warranted
designating
these
counties
nonattainment,
the
following
data
summaries
for
factors
3
through
9
do
not
address
these
counties.

Factor
1:
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area
County
SOx
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emission
score
Boone,
KY
14,717
15,794
721
1,068
7.7
Brown,
OH
395
2,927
208
520
2.0
Butler,
OH
13,204
19,735
956
1,752
9.9
Campbell,
KY
860
5,294
285
260
2.8
Clermont,
OH
84,599
45,618
1,693
3,916
20.0
Dearborn,
IN
56,773
31,138
900
2,121
11.4
Gallatin,
KY
350
2,365
100
234
1.0
Grant,
KY
210
2,664
182
191
1.8
Hamilton,
OH
88,053
58,398
2,780
3,873
30.3
Kenton,
KY
1,573
8,365
415
301
4.2
Ohio,
IN
113
682
49
89
0.5
Pendleton,
KY
597
3,396
139
207
1.5
Warren,
OH
895
7,565
743
1,063
6.9
Adams,
OH
125,136
52,992
1,435
3,973
19.4
Bracken,
KY
52
570
76
94
0.7
Carroll,
KY
53,086
26,269
821
2,177
10.3
Clinton,
OH
375
2,490
193
583
1.8
Franklin,
IN
92
1,335
143
341
1.3
6­
303
Harrison,
KY
290
1,786
114
225
1.1
Highland,
OH
242
1,756
177
498
1.6
Mason,
KY
38,142
16,071
562
1,429
7.0
Owen,
KY
57
572
126
105
1.1
Preble,
OH
428
2,765
228
721
2.2
Ripley,
IN
140
2,081
221
507
2.0
Switzerland,
IN
251
1,554
101
145
1.0
Union,
IN
58
548
68
272
0.6
Urban
increment:
Total
mass=
2.1
µ
g/
m3
7%
sulfates;
15%
nitrates;
78%
carbon;
0%
crustal.
Urban
site=
211170007;
Rural
site=
LIVO1
(
Livonia)

Factor
2:
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas
County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Butler,
OH
16.2
µ
g/
m3
Campbell,
KY
14.5
µ
g/
m3
Hamilton,
OH
17.8
µ
g/
m3
Kenton,
KY
15.0
µ
g/
m3
Preble,
OH
13.5
µ
g/
m3
Factor
3:
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Boone,
KY
93,290
379
Brown,
OH
43,464
88
Butler,
OH
340,543
729
6­
304
Campbell,
KY
88,604
583
Clermont,
OH
183,352
406
Dearborn,
IN
47,333
155
Gallatin,
KY
7,836
79
Grant,
KY
23,620
91
Hamilton,
OH
833,721
2048
Kenton,
KY
152,164
934
Ohio,
IN
5,804
67
Pendleton,
KY
14,815
53
Warren,
OH
175,133
438
Adams,
OH
27,804
48
Factor
4.
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns:

County
Number
Percent
County
VMT
(
Thousands)
Boone,
KY
19,805
44
842
Brown,
OH
9,901
53
417
Butler,
OH
62,298
39
2610
Campbell,
KY
26,658
62
1097
Clermont,
OH
50,763
57
1649
Dearborn,
IN
10,978
48
607
Gallatin,
KY
1,805
50
254
Grant,
KY
5,234
51
379
Hamilton,
OH
54,833
14
8420
Kenton,
KY
44,002
58
1816
Ohio,
IN
1,644
59
56
Pendleton,
KY
3,704
57
169
Warren,
OH
32,089
42
15
Adams
2,578
23
283
Factor
5.
Expected
growth
6­
305
County
Percent
growth
1990­
2000
Boone,
KY
49
Brown,
OH
21
Butler,
OH
14
Campbell,
KY
6
Clermont,
OH
19
Dearborn,
IN
19
Gallatin,
KY
46
Grant,
KY
42
Hamilton,
OH
­
2
Kenton,
KY
7
Ohio,
IN
6
Pendleton,
KY
20
Warren,
OH
39
Adams,
OH
8
Factor
6.
Meteorology:

Average
percent
of
wind
direction
by
quadrant
County
Northwest
Southwest
Southeast
Northeast
Boone,
KY
22
41
18
19
Brown,
OH
23
40
18
18
Butler,
OH
24
40
18
18
Campbell,
KY
23
40
18
19
Clermont,
OH
23
40
18
18
Dearborn,
IN
23
40
18
19
Gallatin,
KY
22
41
19
19
Grant,
KY
21
40
19
20
Hamilton,
OH
23
41
18
19
Kenton,
KY
22
41
18
19
6­
306
Ohio,
IN
22
39
19
19
Pendleton,
KY
21
40
19
20
Warren,
OH
24
39
19
18
Adams,
OH
22
39
20
19
Factor
7.
Geography/
topography:

There
are
no
geographical
features
(
mountain
ranges,
abrupt
changes
in
elevation,
etc.)
that
affect
this
area.
The
State
provided
no
information
about
geography/
topography
for
this
area.

Factor
8.
Jurisdictional
boundaries:

The
Ohio­
Kentucky­
Indiana
Regional
Council
of
Governments
(
OKI)
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
Butler,
Warren,
Clermont,
and
Hamilton
Counties
in
Ohio;
Campbell,
Kenton,
and
Boone
Counties
in
Kentucky;
and
Dearborn
County,
Indiana.
­
Source:
OKI
web
page,
http://
www.
oki.
org/

The
Ohio
portion
of
this
area's
ozone
nonattainment
area
consists
of
the
following
Ohio
counties:
­
Butler,
Clermont,
Hamilton,
Warren,
Clinton
Factor
9.
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources:

The
State
provided
no
information
about
the
level
of
control
of
emission
sources
for
this
area.

6.5.4.3
Cleveland­
Akron­
Lorain
Area
Discussion:
There
are
violating
monitors
in
Cuyahoga
and
Summit
Counties.
EPA
is
modifying
the
Ohio
EPA
Option
2
recommendation
to
include
Cuyahoga,
Lake,
Lorain,
Medina,
Summit
,
and
Portage
Counties,
and
Ashtabula
Township
in
Ashtabula
County
in
the
Cleveland­
Akron­
Lorain
nonattainment
area.
These
counties
are
all
in
the
ozone
nonattainment
area,
which
will
facilitate
planning
for
both
standards.

In
the
June
2004
letters
from
EPA
to
the
States
responding
to
their
designation
recommendations,
EPA
proposed
the
designation
of
a
number
of
counties
primarily
because
of
high
pollutant
emissions
from
power
plants.
Most
of
these
plants
were
located
in
nearby
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
(
as
defined
either
by
the
1999
or
2003
OMB
metropolitan
area
definitions).
EPA
suggested
that
a
State
could
provide
a
partial
county
boundary
that
would
extend
to
the
relevant
power
plant
to
include
it
in
the
nonattainment
area.
6­
307
A
number
of
states
responded
to
this
suggestion
with
a
series
of
connected
townships
or
other
unique
boundaries.
Some
states
also
suggested
an
alternative
approach
in
which
partial
county
areas
for
power
plants
in
some
cases
could
be
small
"
free­
standing"
boundaries
that
are
considered
part
of
the
nearby
nonattainment
area.
In
this
way,
it
would
not
be
necessary
to
include
additional
townships
or
other
minor
civil
divisions
comprising
an
odd­
shaped
"
land
connector"
extending
from
the
main
part
of
the
nonattainment
area
to
the
power
plant.

After
considering
these
comments
from
the
States,
EPA
agrees
that
such
an
approach
is
preferable
in
cases
where
a
partial
county
nonattainment
boundary
has
not
already
been
established
for
that
source
(
e.
g.
partial
county
boundaries
recently
established
for
8­
hour
ozone
nonattainment
areas).
For
purposes
of
consistency,
EPA
has
decided
that
freestanding
portions
of
nonattainment
areas
should
be
based
on
a
pre­
existing
boundary
for
a
minor
civil
division
(
such
as
a
township
or
tax
district)
or
other
boundary
defined
for
governmental
use
(
such
as
a
census
block
group
or
census
tract).
Accordingly,
this
kind
of
partial
county
boundary
should
not
be
defined
simply
as
the
boundary
of
the
facility.
Therefore,
Ashtabula
Township
in
Ashtabula
County
is
a
partial
county
area
included
in
the
Cleveland­
Akron­
Lorain
nonattainment
area.

The
State
of
Ohio
submitted
information
on
August
30,
2004,
further
supporting
its
recommendation
that
Geauga
County
has
low
emissions
and
should
not
be
included
in
the
nonattainment
area.
EPA
agrees
with
this
recommendation.
EPA
is
also
designating
most
of
Ashtabula
County
as
nonattainment,
with
the
exception
of
Ashtabula
Township,
which
contains
the
Ashtabula
power
plant
and
a
significant
fraction
of
the
population
of
Ashtabula
County.

There
are
four
counties
adjacent
to
this
metropolitan
area
that
are
not
a
part
of
another
metropolitan
area.
These
are
Erie,
Huron,
Ashland
and
Wayne
Counties.
Emissions
are
relatively
low
for
these
counties.

Because
emissions
are
relatively
low
for
Ashland,
Erie,
Huron,
and
Wayne
Counties,
and
no
other
factor
warranted
designating
these
counties
nonattainment,
the
following
data
summaries
for
factors
3
through
9
do
not
address
these
counties.

Factor
1.
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area:

County
SOx
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emissions
score
Ashtabula
14,985
16,470
870
1,098
9.7
Cuyahoga
15,440
52,547
3,126
1,808
28.0
Geauga
624
3,985
472
648
3.6
6­
308
Lake
53,219
24,531
1,074
1,570
16.2
Lorain
35,677
31,826
1,212
2,007
17.1
Medina
527
7,132
526
788
4.6
Portage
1,643
9,120
712
794
6.0
Summit
16,264
27,641
1,511
1,066
14.8
Ashland
825
3,460
214
663
2.4
Crawford,
PA
1,231
8,034
413
772
4.4
Erie
1,341
7,327
447
635
11.8
Huron
557
3,828
242
697
2.6
Wayne
21,450
8,911
702
1,849
8.9
Urban
increment:
Total
mass=
7.1
µ
g/
m3
13%
sulfates;
34%
nitrates;
42%
carbon;
11%
crustal.
Urban
site=
390350060
Rural
site=
MKGO1
(
M.
K.
Goddard)

Factor
2.
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Cuyahoga
18.3
µ
g/
m3
Lake
13.4
µ
g/
m3
Lorain
13.9
µ
g/
m3
Portage
14.2
µ
g/
m3
Summit
16.6
µ
g/
m3
Factor
3.
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2003
Population
Population
Density
Ashtabula
102,515
146
6­
309
Cuyahoga
1,379,049
3,011
Geauga
92,980
230
Lake
229,004
1,004
Lorain
288,360
585
Medina
158,439
375
Portage
153,886
313
Summit
546,381
1,323
Factor
4.
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns:

County
Number
Percent
County
VMT
(
Thousands)

Ashtabula
11,106
24
1,107
Cuyahoga
49,985
8
11,461
Geauga
24,452
55
901
Lake
42,894
37
1,833
Lorain
40,464
30
2,514
Medina
37,343
49
1,622
Portage
34,001
44
1,796
Summit
51,921
20
5,141
Factor
5.
Expected
growth:

County
Percent
growth
1990­
2000
Ashtabula
3.0
Cuyahoga
­
1.0
Geauga
12.0
Lake
6.0
Lorain
5.0
Medina
23.0
6­
310
Portage
7.0
Summit
5.0
Factor
6.
Meteorology:

Average
percent
of
wind
direction
by
quadrant
County
Northwest
Southwest
Southeast
Northeast
Ashtabula
24
40
20
15
Cuyahoga
21
45
16
18
Geauga
23
41
20
16
Lake
22
43
18
17
Lorain
21
45
16
18
Medina
21
45
16
18
Portage
25
40
19
16
Summit
23
42
17
17
Factor
7.
Geography/
topography:

There
are
no
geographical
features
(
mountain
ranges,
abrupt
changes
in
elevation,
etc.)
that
affect
this
area.
The
State
provided
no
information
about
geography/
topography
for
this
area.

Factor
8.
Jurisdictional
boundaries:

The
Northeast
Ohio
Areawide
Coordinating
Agency
(
NOACA)
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
Cuyahoga,
Geauga,
Lake
(
OH),
Lorain,
and
Medina
Counties.
­
source:
NOACA
web
page,
http://
www.
noaca.
org/

The
area's
ozone
nonattainment
area
consists
of
the
following
counties:
­
Ashtabula,
Cuyahoga,
Geauga,
Lake,
Lorain,
Medina,
Portage,
and
Summit
Factor
9.
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources:

Although
the
State
has
indicated
that
the
power
plant
located
in
Ashtabula
County
has
reduced
its
NOX
and
SO2
emissions,
EPA
does
not
have
information
as
to
the
permanence
or
federal
enforceability
of
those
reductions,
nor
did
the
State
indicate
what
6­
311
portion
of
these
emission
reductions
occurred
after
the
2001
date
for
which
EPA's
emissions
data
base
applies.

6.5.4.4
Columbus
Area
Discussion:
Franklin
County
contains
a
violating
monitor.
There
are
no
other
monitors
in
the
metropolitan
area.
Ohio
EPA's
Option
2
recommendation
was
to
designate
Delaware,
Fairfield,
Franklin,
and
Licking
Counties
as
nonattainment.
EPA
is
including
these
counties
as
well
as
Franklin
Township
in
Coshocton
County
in
the
Columbus
nonattainment
area.
Pickaway
and
Madison
Counties
are
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area.
These
two
counties
have
the
lowest
composite
emissions
scores
in
the
metropolitan
area.
Pickaway
County
was
not
included
as
part
of
the
ozone
nonattainment
area,
and
Madison
County
was
included
in
the
ozone
nonattainment
area
because
it
contained
a
monitored
violation
of
the
ozone
standard.
These
two
counties
also
have
the
lowest
population,
population
density
and
vehicle
miles
traveled
in
the
metropolitan
area.
There
are
eleven
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
that
are
not
included
in
another
metropolitan
area.
Most
of
these
counties
have
relatively
low
emissions
and
do
not
warrant
further
discussion.
The
exception
is
Coshocton
County,
which
has
significant
emissions,
principally
from
the
Conesville
power
plant
located
in
Franklin
Township.
EPA
believes
that
these
emissions
are
contributing
to
the
violation
in
the
Columbus
Metropolitan
Area.
By
designating
Franklin
Township
in
Coshocton
County
as
nonattainment,
these
emissions
are
being
captured.

In
the
June
2004
letters
from
EPA
to
the
States
responding
to
their
designation
recommendations,
EPA
proposed
the
designation
of
a
number
of
counties
primarily
because
of
high
pollutant
emissions
from
power
plants.
Most
of
these
plants
were
located
in
nearby
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
(
as
defined
either
by
the
1999
or
2003
OMB
metropolitan
area
definitions).
EPA
suggested
that
a
State
could
provide
a
partial
county
boundary
that
would
extend
to
the
relevant
power
plant
to
include
it
in
the
nonattainment
area.

A
number
of
states
responded
to
this
suggestion
with
a
series
of
connected
townships
or
other
unique
boundaries.
Some
states
also
suggested
an
alternative
approach
in
which
partial
county
areas
for
power
plants
in
some
cases
could
be
small
"
free­
standing"
boundaries
that
are
considered
part
of
the
nearby
nonattainment
area.
In
this
way,
it
would
not
be
necessary
to
include
additional
townships
or
other
minor
civil
divisions
comprising
an
odd­
shaped
"
land
connector"
extending
from
the
main
part
of
the
nonattainment
area
to
the
power
plant.

After
considering
these
comments
from
the
States,
EPA
agrees
that
such
an
approach
is
preferable
in
cases
where
a
partial
county
nonattainment
boundary
has
not
already
been
established
for
that
source
(
e.
g.
partial
county
boundaries
recently
established
for
8­
hour
ozone
nonattainment
areas).
For
purposes
of
consistency,
EPA
has
decided
that
freestanding
portions
of
nonattainment
areas
should
be
based
on
a
pre­
existing
boundary
for
a
minor
civil
division
(
such
as
a
township
or
tax
district)
or
other
boundary
defined
for
6­
312
governmental
use
(
such
as
a
census
block
group
or
census
tract).
Accordingly,
this
kind
of
partial
county
boundary
should
not
be
defined
simply
as
the
boundary
of
the
facility.
Therefore,
Franklin
Township
in
Coshocton
County
is
a
partial
county
area
included
in
the
Columbus
nonattainment
area.

Because
emissions
are
relatively
low
for
the
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
other
than
Coshocton
County,
and
no
other
factor
warranted
designating
these
counties
nonattainment,
the
following
data
summaries
for
factors
3
through
9
do
not
address
these
counties.

Factor
1.
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area:

County
SOx
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emissions
score
Delaware
676
6,088
573
1,277
11.2
Fairfield
1,301
6,556
507
1,098
10.4
Franklin
6,435
41,541
2,084
2,098
48.2
Licking
1,054
7,815
909
1,701
17.1
Madison
233
3,106
259
1,033
5.2
Pickaway
9,854
5,971
363
1,282
7.9
Champaign
383
1,757
180
602
3.5
Coshocton
97,412
24,560
1,385
3,733
30.9
Fayette
309
2,136
204
669
4.0
Hocking
408
2,161
104
154
2.4
Knox
302
2,225
258
657
4.9
Marion
675
3,896
273
909
5.7
Morrow
291
2,434
157
532
3.4
Muskingum
1,908
5,595
363
656
7.8
Perry
327
2,079
133
326
2.9
Ross
31,103
8,000
423
910
9.6
6­
313
Union
377
2,202
246
897
4.7
Urban
increment:
Total
mass=
2.1
µ
g/
m3
0%
sulfates;
27%
nitrates;
73%
carbon;
0%
crustal.
Urban
site=
390171004;
Rural
site=
LIVO1
(
Livonia)

The
Conesville
Power
Plant
in
Franklin
Township
represents
approximately
99%
SO2,
90%
NOX,
78%
Carbon
and
87%
Crustal
emissions
for
Coshocton
County.
Therefore,
designating
Franklin
Township
as
nonattainment
will
capture
the
bulk
of
Coshocton
County's
emissions.

Factor
2.
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Franklin
16.7
µ
g/
m3
Factor
3.
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Delaware
125,399
283
Fairfield
129,161
255
Franklin
1,086,814
2013
Licking
148,731
216
Madison
40,365
87
Pickaway
53,437
106
Coshocton
36,836
65
Factor
4.
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns:

County
Number
Percent
County
VMT
(
Thousands)

Delaware
32,350
56
1,099
Fairfield
31,533
52
1,064
6­
314
Franklin
24,992
5
10,081
Licking
25,636
36
1,474
Madison
8,378
47
619
Pickaway
10,498
48
545
Coshocton
843
5
308
Factor
5.
Expected
growth
County
Percent
growth
1990­
2000
Delaware
64
Fairfield
19
Franklin
11
Licking
13
Madison
8
Pickaway
9
Coshocton
3
Factor
6.
Meteorology:

Average
percent
of
wind
direction
by
quadrant
County
Northwest
Southwest
Southeast
Northeast
Delaware
24
35
23
19
Fairfield
24
34
23
19
Franklin
24
33
24
20
Licking
24
35
23
19
Madison
24
34
23
19
Pickaway
24
33
24
19
Coshocton
24
42
18
16
6­
315
Muskingum
24
36
23
18
Perry
24
35
23
19
Ross
24
34
23
19
Union
24
34
23
19
Factor
7.
Geography/
topography:

There
are
no
geographical
features
(
mountain
ranges,
abrupt
changes
in
elevation,
etc.)
that
affect
this
area.
The
State
provided
no
information
about
geography/
topography
for
this
area.

Factor
8.
Jurisdictional
boundaries:

The
Mid­
Ohio
Regional
Planning
Commission
(
MORPC)
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
the
Columbus,
OH
area.
Source:
MORPC
web
page,
http://
www.
morpc.
org/
MORPC.
htm
The
area's
ozone
nonattainment
area
consists
of
the
following
counties:
­
Delaware,
Franklin,
Licking,
Fairfield,
Madison,
and
Knox
Factor
9.
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources:

The
State
provided
no
information
about
the
level
of
control
of
emission
sources
for
this
area.

6.5.4.5
Dayton­
Springfield
Area
Discussion:
There
is
a
violating
monitor
in
Montgomery
County.
EPA
agrees
with
the
Ohio
EPA
Option
2
to
include
Clark,
Greene,
and
Montgomery
Counties
in
the
Dayton­
Springfield
nonattainment
area.
The
majority
of
emissions
and
population
are
captured
notwithstanding
the
exclusion
of
Miami
County,
which
has
limited
emissions
and
population.
Miami
County
is
also
lower
in
terms
of
population
density
and
VMT
in
the
metropolitan
area.

There
are
six
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
and
not
included
in
another
metropolitan
area.
Emissions
are
relatively
low
for
these
counties,
and
no
other
factor
warranted
designating
these
counties
nonattainment.
Therefore
the
following
data
summaries
for
factors
3
through
9
do
not
address
these
counties.

Factor
1.
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area:
6­
316
County
SOx
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emissions
score
Clark
544
5,691
395
1,024
16.1
Greene
1,895
8,841
389
1,064
17.9
Miami
478
4,116
337
972
13.2
Montgomery
11,214
24,177
1,190
1,210
52.8
Champaign
383
1,757
180
602
6.8
Darke
551
3,174
381
1,316
14.0
Preble
428
2,765
228
721
8.9
Clinton
375
2,490
193
583
7.7
Fayette
309
2,136
204
669
7.8
Shelby
803
3,468
225
670
9.3
Urban
increment:
Total
mass=
2.1
µ
g/
m3:
0%
sulfates;
27%
nitrates;
73%
carbon;
0%
crustal.
Urban
site=
390171004;
Rural
site=
LIVO1
(
Livonia)

Factor
2.
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Clark
14.7
µ
g/
m3
Greene
9.5
µ
g/
m3
Montgomery
15.2
µ
g/
m3
Preble
13.5
µ
g/
m3
Factor
3.
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2002
Population
Population
Density
6­
317
Clark
143,416
359
Greene
149,964
361
Miami
99,596
245
Montgomery
554,470
1200
Factor
4.
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns:

County
Number
Percent
County
VMT
(
Thousands)

Clark
14,604
22
1,483
Greene
27,963
38
1,299
Miami
13,764
28
850
Montgomery
31,453
12
5,668
Factor
5.
Expected
growth
County
Percent
growth
1990­
2000
Clark
­
2
Greene
8
Miami
6
Montgomery
­
3
Factor
6.
Meteorology:

Average
percent
of
wind
direction
by
quadrant
County
Northwest
Southwest
Southeast
Northeast
Clark
25
36
21
18
Greene
25
36
21
18
Miami
25
38
20
17
Montgomery
25
38
20
17
Factor
7.
Geography/
topography:
6­
318
There
are
no
geographical
features
(
mountain
ranges,
abrupt
changes
in
elevation,
etc.)
that
affect
this
area.
The
State
provided
no
information
about
geography/
topography
for
this
area.

Factor
8.
Jurisdictional
boundaries:

The
Miami
Valley
Regional
Planning
Commission
(
MVRPC)
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
the
following
counties:
Greene,
Miami,
Montgomery,
and
portions
of
Warren.
­
Source:
MVRPC
website,
http://
www.
mvrpc.
org/
index.
htm
The
area's
ozone
nonattainment
area
consists
of
the
following
counties:
­
Clark,
Greene,
Miami,
and
Montgomery
Factor
9.
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources:

The
State
provided
no
information
about
the
level
of
control
of
emission
sources
for
this
area.

6.5.4.6
Huntington­
Ashland
Area
Discussion:
There
are
monitors
showing
violations
of
the
standard
in
Scioto
and
Lawrence
Counties.
Therefore,
EPA
agrees
with
Ohio's
Option
2
recommendation
to
designate
these
counties
nonattainment.
We
are
also
including
Monroe
and
Sprigg
Townships
in
Adams
county
and
Cheshire
Township
in
Gallia
County
in
this
nonattainment
area.
Lawrence
County
is
the
only
county
in
the
Ohio
portion
of
the
metropolitan
area.
Aside
from
Scioto
County,
there
are
four
counties
in
Ohio
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area.
These
are
Adams,
Pike,
Jackson
and
Gallia
Counties.
Adams
County
contains
the
DP&
L
Killen
Generating
Station
and
the
DP&
L
J.
M.
Stuart
Generating
Station.
Gallia
contains
the
Ohio
Power
Gavin
power
plant
and
Ohio
Valley
Electric
Corporation
Kyger
Creek
power
plant.
The
townships
listed
for
Adams
and
Gallia
counties
are
included
to
capture
the
significant
emissions
from
these
plants
which
are
contributing
to
violations.

In
the
June
2004
letters
from
EPA
to
the
States
responding
to
their
designation
recommendations,
EPA
proposed
the
designation
of
a
number
of
counties
primarily
because
of
high
pollutant
emissions
from
power
plants.
Most
of
these
plants
were
located
in
nearby
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
(
as
defined
either
by
the
1999
or
2003
OMB
metropolitan
area
definitions).
EPA
suggested
that
a
State
could
provide
a
partial
county
boundary
that
would
extend
to
the
relevant
power
plant
to
include
it
in
the
nonattainment
area.

A
number
of
states
responded
to
this
suggestion
with
a
series
of
connected
townships
or
other
unique
boundaries.
Some
states
also
suggested
an
alternative
approach
in
which
partial
county
areas
for
power
plants
in
some
cases
could
be
small
"
free­
standing"
6­
319
boundaries
that
are
considered
part
of
the
nearby
nonattainment
area.
In
this
way,
it
would
not
be
necessary
to
include
additional
townships
or
other
minor
civil
divisions
comprising
an
odd­
shaped
"
land
connector"
extending
from
the
main
part
of
the
nonattainment
area
to
the
power
plant.

After
considering
these
comments
from
the
States,
EPA
agrees
that
such
an
approach
is
preferable
in
cases
where
a
partial
county
nonattainment
boundary
has
not
already
been
established
for
that
source
(
e.
g.
partial
county
boundaries
recently
established
for
8­
hour
ozone
nonattainment
areas).
For
purposes
of
consistency,
EPA
has
decided
that
freestanding
portions
of
nonattainment
areas
should
be
based
on
a
pre­
existing
boundary
for
a
minor
civil
division
(
such
as
a
township
or
tax
district)
or
other
boundary
defined
for
governmental
use
(
such
as
a
census
block
group
or
census
tract).
Accordingly,
this
kind
of
partial
county
boundary
should
not
be
defined
simply
as
the
boundary
of
the
facility.
Therefore,
Monroe
and
Sprigg
Townships
in
Adams
county
and
Cheshire
Township
in
Gallia
County
are
partial
county
areas
included
in
the
Hunting­
Ashland
nonattainment
area.

Emissions
are
relatively
low
for
Pike
and
Jackson
Counties,
and
no
other
factor
warranted
designating
these
counties
nonattainment.
The
following
data
summaries
for
factors
3
through
9
do
not
address
these
counties.

Factor
1.
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area:

County
SOx
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emissions
score
Boyd,
KY
11,740
13,478
689
1,242
25.2
Cabell,
WV
5,155
27,903
1,318
774
40.3
Carter,
KY
237
2,615
242
249
6.8
Greenup,
KY
2,519
4,336
295
160
9.5
Lawrence,
OH
841
4,399
293
379
8.6
Wayne,
WV
1,023
6,485
317
199
9.6
Adams,
OH
125,136
52,992
1,435
3,973
102.4
Elliott,
KY
115
393
114
46
3.1
Gallia,
OH
164,984
61,079
2,171
6,238
141.4
Jackson,
OH
461
1,320
164
219
4.7
6­
320
Lawrence,
KY
56,055
21,265
745
1,718
48.3
Lewis,
KY
469
2,873
285
121
8.1
Lincoln,
WV
67
1,314
143
108
4.0
Martin,
KY
661
1,236
136
131
4.0
Mason,
WV
70,053
31,327
899
2,162
60.0
Mingo,
WV
281
2,842
191
217
5.5
Rowan,
KY
313
1,691
204
123
5.7
Scioto,
OH
2,790
5,566
400
559
12.5
Urban
increment:
Total
mass=
3.2
µ
g/
m3:
10%
sulfates;
6%
nitrates;
84%
carbon;
0%
crustal.
Urban
site=
210190017;
Rural
site=
QUCI1
(
Quaker
City)

The
DP&
L
Killen
Generating
Station
and
the
DP&
L
J.
M.
Stuart
Generating
Station
represent
approximately
99%
of
the
SO2,
93%
of
the
NOX,
88%
of
the
carbonaceous
particles
and
94%
of
the
crustal
emissions
for
Adams
County.
Designating
Monroe
and
Sprigg
Townships
as
nonattainment
will
capture
these
emissions,
and
therefore
the
bulk
of
the
emissions
for
Adams
County.
The
Ohio
Power
Gavin
power
plant
and
Ohio
Valley
Electric
Corporation
Kyger
Creek
power
plant
represents
approximately
99%
of
the
SO2,
97%
of
the
NOX,
93%
of
the
carbonaceous
particles
and
96%
of
the
crustal
emissions
for
Gallia
County.
Designating
Cheshire
Township
as
nonattainment
will
capture
these
emissions,
and
therefore
the
bulk
of
the
emissions
for
Gallia
County.

Factor
2.
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Boyd,
KY
15.0
µ
g/
m3
Cabell,
WV
16.6
µ
g/
m3
Carter,
KY
12.2
µ
g/
m3
Lawrence
15.8
µ
g/
m3
Scioto
17.2
µ
g/
m3
6­
321
Factor
3.
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Lawrence,
OH
62,172
137
Boyd,
KY
49,603
310
Cabell,
WV
95,266
338
Carter,
KY
27,055
66
Greenup,
KY
36,761
106
Wayne,
WV
42,382
84
Adams
27,804
48
Gallia
31,301
67
Scioto
78,041
128
Factor
4.
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns:

County
Number
Percent
County
VMT
(
Thousands)

Lawrence,
OH
11,446
49
796
Boyd,
KY
3,967
21
411
Cabell,
WV
2,864
7
1,030
Carter,
KY
2,088
20
665
Greenup,
KY
5,743
40
264
Wayne,
WV
8,203
52
377
Adams
2,578
23
283
Gallia
337
3
266
Scioto
1,333
5
633
Factor
5.
Expected
growth:
6­
322
County
Percent
growth
1990­
2000
Lawrence,
OH
1
Boyd,
KY
­
3
Cabell,
WV
0
Carter,
KY
10
Greenup,
KY
0
Wayne,
WV
3
Adams
8
Gallia
7
Scioto
9
Factor
6.
Meteorology:

Average
percent
of
wind
direction
by
quadrant
County
Northwest
Southwest
Southeast
Northeast
Lawrence,
OH
22
39
20
19
Boyd,
KY
21
38
21
19
Cabell,
WV
22
39
20
20
Carter,
KY
2
39
20
20
Greenup,
KY
22
39
20
19
Wayne,
WV
22
39
20
20
Adams
22
39
20
19
Gallia
22
39
20
20
Scioto
22
39
20
20
Factor
7.
Geography/
topography:

There
are
no
geographical
features
(
mountain
ranges,
abrupt
changes
in
elevation,
etc.)
that
affect
this
area.
The
State
provided
no
information
about
geography/
topography
for
this
area.
6­
323
Factor
8.
Jurisdictional
boundaries:

The
KYOVA
Interstate
Planning
Commission
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
Lawrence
County,
OH.
­
Source:
KYOVA
website.
http://
www.
state.
wv.
us/
kyova/

There
are
no
counties
in
the
Ohio
portion
of
the
metropolitan
area
designated
nonattainment
for
the
ozone
standard.

Factor
9.
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources:

The
state
has
indicated
that
selective
catalytic
reduction
(
SCR)
equipment
has
been
installed
on
the
DP&
L
Killen
Generating
Station
and
the
DP&
L
J.
M.
Stuart
Generating
Station
in
Adams
County
and
on
the
Ohio
Power
Gavin
power
plant
and
the
Ohio
Valley
Electric
Corporation
Kyger
Creek
power
plant
in
Gallia
County.
However,
EPA
does
not
have
information
as
to
the
permanence,
federal
enforceability,
or
magnitude
of
those
reductions.
It
is
also
unclear
whether
the
NOX
emission
controls
are
operated
on
an
annual
basis.
The
state
is
in
the
process
of
reviewing
modeling
protocols
for
SO2
scrubber
installations
at
the
DP&
L
Killen
Generating
Station
and
the
DP&
L
J.
M.
Stuart
Generating
Station.
The
scrubbers
have
not
yet
been
installed,
there
is
no
current
requirement
for
installation
of
this
equipment,
and
EPA
has
no
information
on
when
these
possible
reductions
might
occur.
Thus,
EPA
is
not
giving
credit
to
these
reductions
as
part
of
its
designations
decisionmaking.

6.5.4.7
Parkersburg­
Marietta
Area
Discussion:
Only
one
county
in
Ohio,
Washington
County,
is
in
the
metropolitan
area.
This
county
has
a
high
level
of
emissions
and
contributes
to
violations
in
Wood
County,
West
Virginia.
Washington
County
also
has
a
significant
fraction
of
the
area's
population.
Therefore,
EPA
is
designating
Washington
County
nonattainment
as
part
of
the
Parkersburg­
Marietta
nonattainment
area.

There
are
five
counties
in
Ohio
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area,
including
Meigs,
Athens,
Morgan,
Noble
and
Monroe
Counties.
Emissions
are
relatively
low
for
these
counties,
and
no
other
factor
warranted
designating
these
counties
nonattainment.
The
following
data
summaries
for
factors
3
through
9
do
not
address
these
counties.

Factor
1.
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area:

County
SOx
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emission
score
Washington
173,312
37,020
2,415
6,711
82.2
6­
324
Wood,
WV
6,514
6,943
591
482
17.8
Athens
733
3,166
176
222
5.4
Jackson,
WV
3,464
3,947
451
1,128
13.3
Meigs
375
2,244
147
145
4.4
Monroe
4,532
2,809
162
504
5.2
Morgan
81
558
88
122
2.5
Noble
144
1,622
87
127
2.7
Pleasants,
WV
68,264
23,398
823
1,411
30.1
Ritchie,
WV
118
713
97
63
2.8
Tyler,
WV
176
1,233
122
126
3.6
Wirt,
WV
19
206
46
36
1.3
Urban
increment:
Total
mass=
3.2
µ
g/
m3:
10%
sulfates;
6%
nitrates;
84%
carbon;
0%
crustal.
Urban
site=
210190017;
Rural
site=
QUCI1
(
Quaker
City)

Factor
2.
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Wood,
WV
16.0
µ
g/
m3
Athens
12.5
µ
g/
m3
Factor
3.
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Washington
62,561
99
Wood,
WV
87,306
238
Factor
4.
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns:
6­
325
County
Number
Percent
County
VMT
(
Thousands)

Washington
5,927
21
737
Wood,
WV
3,316
9
911
Factor
5.
Expected
growth:

County
Percent
growth
1990­
2000
Washington
2
Wood,
WV
1
Factor
6.
Meteorology:

Average
percent
of
wind
direction
by
quadrant
County
Northwest
Southwest
Southeast
Northeast
Washington
22
37
19
21
Wood,
WV
22
39
18
21
Factor
7.
Geography/
topography:

There
are
no
geographical
features
(
mountain
ranges,
abrupt
changes
in
elevation,
etc.)
that
affect
this
area.
The
State
provided
no
information
about
geography/
topography
for
this
area.

Factor
8.
Jurisdictional
boundaries:

The
Wood­
Washington­
Wirt
Interstate
Planning
Commission
(
WWW)
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
the
following
townships
in
Washington
County,
OH:
Newport,
Marietta,
Fearing,
Muskingum,
Warren,
Dunham
and
Belpre
Townships.
­
Source:
WWW
website,
http://
www.
triplew.
org/
index.
html
The
area's
ozone
nonattainment
area
consists
of
the
following
counties:
­
Washington
County,
OH,
and
Wood
County,
WV
Factor
9.
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources:

The
State
provided
no
information
about
the
level
of
control
of
emission
sources
for
this
area.
6­
326
6.5.4.8
Steubenville­
Weirton
Area
Discussion:
The
only
Ohio
county
in
the
metropolitan
area
is
Jefferson
County.
There
is
a
monitor
violating
the
standard
in
Jefferson
County.
EPA
agrees
with
Ohio
and
is
including
Jefferson
County
in
the
Steubenville­
Weirton
nonattainment
area.
There
is
one
county
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
in
Ohio
that
is
not
part
of
another
violating
metropolitan
area,
namely
Harrison
County.
This
county
has
a
low
composite
emissions
score
as
well
as
having
relatively
low
population
and
VMT
for
the
area.

Because
emissions
are
relatively
low
for
Harrison
County,
and
no
other
factor
warranted
designating
this
county
nonattainment,
the
following
data
summaries
for
factors
3
through
9
do
not
address
this
county.

Factor
1.
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area:

County
SOx
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emission
score
Brooke,
WV
1,663
2,500
191
277
3.7
Hancock,
WV
1,982
4,961
1,243
1,747
18.7
Jefferson
217,794
61,402
2,723
7,529
77.6
Harrison
258
712
70
116
1.3
Urban
increment:
Total
mass=
4.2
µ
g/
m3:
11%
sulfates;
30%
nitrates;
49%
carbon;
10%
crustal.
Urban
site=
390990014;
Rural
site=
MKGO1
(
M.
K.
Goddard)

Factor
2.
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Brooke,
WV
16.8
µ
g/
m3
Hancock,
WV
17.4
µ
g/
m3
Jefferson
17.8
µ
g/
m3
Factor
3.
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas:
6­
327
County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Brooke,
WV
25,179
283
Hancock,
WV
32,082
387
Jefferson
72,402
177
Factor
4.
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns:

County
Number
Percent
County
VMT
(
Thousands)
Brooke,
WV
2,548
24
313
Hancock,
WV
4,029
28
212
Jefferson
3,161
11
741
Factor
5.
Expected
growth:

County
Percent
growth
1990­
2000
Brooke,
WV
­
6
Hancock,
WV
­
7
Jefferson
­
8
Factor
6.
Meteorology:

Average
percent
of
wind
direction
by
quadrant
County
Northwest
Southwest
Southeast
Northeast
Brooke,
WV
29
36
19
16
Hancock,
WV
29
36
19
16
Jefferson
28
37
19
16
Factor
7.
Geography/
topography:

There
are
no
geographical
features
(
mountain
ranges,
abrupt
changes
in
elevation,
etc.)
that
affect
this
area.
The
State
provided
no
information
about
geography/
topography
for
this
area.
6­
328
Factor
8.
Jurisdictional
boundaries:

The
Brooke­
Hancock­
Jefferson
Metropolitan
Planning
Commission
(
BHJMPC)
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
Jefferson
County,
OH.
­
Source:
BHJMPC
website,
http://
www.
bhjmpc.
org/

The
Ohio
portion
of
this
ozone
nonattainment
area
consists
of
the
following
county:
­
Jefferson
Factor
9.
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources:

The
State
provided
no
information
about
the
level
of
control
of
emission
sources
for
this
area.

6.5.4.9
Toledo
Area
Discussion:
There
is
a
violating
monitor
in
Lucas
County.
EPA
agrees
with
the
Ohio
EPA's
Option
2
recommendation
and
is
designating
Lucas
and
Wood
Counties
as
the
Toledo
nonattainment
area.
Fulton
County
is
also
in
the
Metropolitan
area
but
was
excluded
upon
review
of
the
nine
factors.
Fulton
County
has
lower
emissions,
population,
population
density,
and
VMT
in
the
Metropolitan
area.
Fulton
County
was
also
excluded
from
the
ozone
nonattainment
area.
There
are
several
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
and
in
Ohio,
including
Hancock,
Henry,
Ottawa,
Putnam,
Sandusky,
Seneca,
and
Williams
Counties.
These
counties
have
lower
composite
emissions
scores
and
are
also
lower
in
the
other
factors
including
population
and
VMT.

Thus,
no
other
factor
warranted
designating
these
counties
nonattainment.
The
following
data
summaries
for
factors
3
through
9
do
not
address
these
counties.

Monroe
County,
Michigan,
has
a
design
value
of
15.1
µ
g/
m3,
but
this
county
is
part
of
the
Detroit
Metropolitan
Area.
EPA
is
designating
this
county
as
part
of
the
Detroit
nonattainment
area.

Factor
1.
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area:

County
SOx
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emission
score
Fulton
878
5,105
336
692
12.0
Lucas
31,000
36,975
1,370
1,702
69.2
Wood
1,410
8,822
466
1,413
18.8
6­
329
Hancock
567
4,351
342
1,036
11.1
Henry
3,139
2,547
185
662
6.3
Hillsdale,
MI
1,286
3,270
245
812
8.2
Ottawa
1,544
5,031
403
687
13.0
Putnam
306
2,749
237
935
7.4
Sandusky
2,937
8,288
300
1,170
15.4
Seneca
826
4,575
281
951
10.4
Williams
469
3,600
196
634
7.8
Urban
increment:
Total
mass=
4.8
µ
g/
m3:
0%
sulfates;
64%
nitrates;
36%
carbon;
0%
crustal.
Urban
site=
390950026;
Rural
site=
QUCI1
(
Quaker
City)

Factor
2.
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Lucas
15.1
µ
g/
m3
Factor
3.
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Fulton
42,573
105
Lucas
453,506
1334
Wood
122,387
198
Factor
4.
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns:

County
Number
Percent
County
VMT
(
Thousands)

Fulton
5,825
28
672
6­
330
Lucas
19,011
9
4,324
Wood
19,773
32
1,400
Factor
5.
Expected
growth:

County
Percent
growth
1990­
2000
Fulton
9
Lucas
­
2
Wood
7
Factor
6.
Meteorology:

Average
percent
of
wind
direction
by
quadrant
County
Northwest
Southwest
Southeast
Northeast
Fulton
25
41
16
18
Lucas
24
41
16
19
Wood
24
41
16
18
Factor
7.
Geography/
topography:

There
are
no
geographical
features
(
mountain
ranges,
abrupt
changes
in
elevation,
etc.)
that
affect
this
area.
The
State
provided
no
information
about
geography/
topography
for
this
area.

Factor
8.
Jurisdictional
boundaries:

The
Toledo
Metropolitan
Area
Council
of
Governments
(
TMACOG)
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
Fulton,
Lucas,
Ottawa,
Sandusky,
and
Wood
Counties
in
Ohio.
­
Source:
TMACOG
web
page,
http://
www.
tmacog.
org/

This
area's
ozone
nonattainment
area
consists
of
the
following
counties:
­
Lucas
and
Wood
Factor
9.
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources:

The
State
provided
no
information
about
the
level
of
control
of
emission
sources
for
this
area.
6­
331
6.5.4.10
Wheeling
Area
Discussion:
The
only
Ohio
county
in
the
metropolitan
area
is
Belmont
County.
This
county
contains
higher
emissions
due
in
part
to
the
R.
E.
Burger
power
plant.
This
county
was
also
included
as
part
of
the
ozone
nonattainment
area
and
contains
the
largest
county
population
in
the
metropolitan
area.
There
are
four
Ohio
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area,
namely
Guernsey,
Harrison,
Monroe,
and
Noble
Counties.
These
counties
are
excluded
due
to
lower
emissions,
population
and
VMT.

Factor
1.
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area:

County
SOx
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emission
score
Belmont,
OH
51,374
13,036
734
1,667
29.5
Ohio,
WV
514
3,609
192
135
5.5
Marshall,
WV
113,921
44,521
1,319
3,417
65.0
Greene,
PA
217,794
61,402
2,723
7,529
99.2
Guernsey,
OH
1,164
5,643
229
261
7.3
Harrison,
OH
258
712
70
116
1.8
Monroe,
OH
4,532
2,809
162
504
5.5
Noble,
OH
144
1,622
87
127
2.5
Wetzel,
WV
698
4,323
160
79
5.2
Urban
increment:
Total
mass=
5.7
µ
g/
m3:
27%
sulfates;
24%
nitrates;
46%
carbon;
3%
crustal.
Urban
site=
421290008;
Rural
site=
DOSO1
(
Dolly
Sods
/
Otter
Creek
Wilderness)

Factor
2.
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Ohio,
WV
15.2
µ
g/
m3
6­
332
Marshall,
WV
15.7
µ
g/
m3
Factor
3.
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Belmont,
OH
69,448
129
Ohio,
WV
46,126
435
Marshall,
WV
34,898
114
Factor
4.
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns:

County
Number
Percent
County
VMT
(
Thousands)

Belmont,
OH
5,667
20
1,066
Ohio,
WV
2,964
15
437
Marshall,
WV
5,233
37
233
Factor
5.
Expected
growth:

County
Percent
growth
1990­
2000
Belmont,
OH
­
1
Ohio,
WV
­
7
Marshall,
WV
­
5
Factor
6.
Meteorology:

Average
percent
of
wind
direction
by
quadrant
County
Northwest
Southwest
Southeast
Northeast
Belmont,
OH
28
37
19
16
Ohio,
WV
29
36
19
16
Marshall,
WV
28
36
19
16
Factor
7.
Geography/
topography:
6­
333
There
are
no
geographical
features
(
mountain
ranges,
abrupt
changes
in
elevation,
etc.)
that
affect
this
area.
The
State
provided
no
information
about
geography/
topography
for
this
area.

Factor
8.
Jurisdictional
boundaries:

The
Bel­
O­
Mar
Regional
Council
and
Interstate
Planning
Commission
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
Belmont
County,
OH.
­
Source:
Bel­
O­
Mar
Regional
Council
website,
http://
www.
belomar.
org/

The
Ohio
portion
of
this
area's
ozone
nonattainment
area
consists
of
the
following
county
in
Ohio:
­
Belmont
Factor
9.
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources:

The
State
provided
no
information
about
the
level
of
control
of
emission
sources
for
this
area.

6.5.4.11
Youngstown­
Warren
Area
Discussion:
EPA
agrees
with
the
Ohio
EPA's
Option
2
recommendation
to
include
Columbiana,
Mahoning
and
Trumbull
Counties
as
nonattainment.
These
counties
all
have
significant
emissions
contributing
to
the
violations
in
Mahoning
County.
There
are
no
adjacent
counties
to
this
metropolitan
area
in
Ohio
that
are
not
a
part
of
another
violating
metropolitan
area.

Ohio's
submittal
of
September
1,
2004,
urges
EPA
to
designate
Columbiana
County
as
attainment.
However,
EPA
finds
that
this
county
contributes
a
significant
percentage
of
the
emissions
in
the
Youngstown­
Warren
Area.
In
addition,
this
county
is
surrounded
by
monitors
showing
violations,
which
suggests
that
Columbiana
County
(
which
has
no
monitoring
data)
may
be
experiencing
concentrations
above
the
standard.

Factor
1.
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area:

County
SOx
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
composite
emission
score
Columbiana
1,291
5,825
442
696
15.9
Mahoning
3,511
12,210
920
804
31.2
Trumbull
30,327
19,010
1,217
1,365
52.9
Mercer,
PA
874
7,459
412
760
16.7
6­
334
Crawford,
PA
1,231
8,034
413
772
17.3
Lawrence,
PA
35,620
13,065
681
1,833
41.2
Urban
increment:
Total
mass=
4.2
µ
g/
m3:
11%
sulfates;
30%
nitrates;
49%
carbon;
10%
crustal.
Urban
site=
390990014;
Rural
site=
MKGO1
(
M.
K.
Goddard)

Factor
2.
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Mahoning
15.2
µ
g/
m3
Trumbull
15.0
µ
g/
m3
Factor
3.
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2002
Population
Population
Density
Columbiana
111,806
210
Mahoning
253,308
610
Trumbull
223,518
363
Factor
4.
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns:

County
Number
Percent
County
VMT
(
Thousands)

Columbiana
9,090
18
928
Mahoning
22,894
21
2,576
Trumbull
12,347
13
2,108
Factor
5.
Expected
growth:

County
Percent
growth
1990­
2000
6­
335
Columbiana
4
Mahoning
­
3
Trumbull
­
1
Factor
6.
Meteorology:

Average
percent
of
wind
direction
by
quadrant
County
Northwest
Southwest
Southeast
Northeast
Columbiana
27
39
18
17
Mahoning
25
39
21
15
Trumbull
25
38
22
15
Factor
7.
Geography/
topography:

There
are
no
geographical
features
(
mountain
ranges,
abrupt
changes
in
elevation,
etc.)
that
affect
this
area.
The
State
provided
no
information
about
geography/
topography
for
this
area.

Factor
8.
Jurisdictional
boundaries:

The
Eastgate
Regional
Council
of
Governments
(
Eastgate)
is
the
Metropolitan
Planning
Organization
(
MPO)
for
Mahoning
and
Trumbull
Counties
in
Ohio.
­
Source:
Eastgate
web
page,
http://
www.
eastgatecog.
org/

The
Ohio
portion
of
this
area's
ozone
nonattainment
area
consists
of
the
following
counties:
­
Columbiana,
Mahoning,
and
Trumbull
Factor
9.
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources:

The
State
provided
no
information
about
the
level
of
control
of
emission
sources
for
this
area.
6­
336
6.5.5
EPA
9­
Factor
Analyses
for
Wisconsin
for
Designation
of
Nonattainment
Areas
for
PM2.5
EPA
is
designating
all
Wisconsin
counties
as
attainment/
unclassifiable.
The
only
area
in
or
near
Wisconsin
with
a
monitored
violation
is
the
Chicago­
Gary­
Kenosha
Area.
Wisconsin
did
not
provide
a
recommended
list
of
designations
in
February
2004.
Therefore,
EPA
sent
the
State
a
letter
on
June
29,
2004,
stating
an
intent
to
designate
Kenosha
County
nonattainment
because
this
county
is
part
of
the
Chicago­
Gary­
Kenosha
metropolitan
area
and
thus
was
presumptively
part
of
the
Chicago­
Gary­
Kenosha
nonattainment
area.
Governor
Doyle
then
sent
EPA
a
letter
on
August
9,
2004,
recommending
that
Kenosha
County
be
designated
attainment.
The
following
discussion
presents
EPA's
rationale
for
its
designations
in
the
Wisconsin
portion
of
the
Chicago­
Gary­
Kenosha
Area.

6.5.5.1
Chicago­
Gary­
Kenosha
Area
Discussion:
EPA
reviewed
the
nine
factors
for
the
thirteen
counties
within
the
metropolitan
area
including
Kenosha
County
in
Wisconsin
as
well
as
all
counties
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area
in
order
to
determine
the
appropriate
nonattainment
area.
There
are
violating
monitors
in
Cook
County,
Illinois
and
in
Lake
County,
Indiana.
Kenosha
County
monitoring
indicates
that
PM2.5
concentrations
in
the
county
are
below
the
standard.
The
counties
in
Illinois
and
Indiana
that
are
being
designated
as
nonattainment
include
90%
of
the
metropolitan
area
emissions.
Kenosha
County
emissions
are
relatively
low
and
will
continue
to
decrease
as
federally
enforceable
SO2
and
NOX
controls
are
installed
at
the
Pleasant
Prairie
Power
Plant
operated
by
WE
Energies.
Furthermore,
prevailing
winds
in
Kenosha
County
are
predominantly
away
from
the
violating
monitors
in
the
metropolitan
area.
Therefore,
EPA
agrees
with
Governor
Jim
Doyle's
recommendation
to
designate
Kenosha
County
as
attainment/
unclassifiable.

In
Wisconsin,
Racine
and
Walworth
Counties
are
adjacent
to
the
metropolitan
area.
Emissions
are
relatively
low
for
these
counties,
and
no
other
factor
warranted
designating
these
counties
nonattainment.
Therefore,
the
following
data
summaries
for
factors
3
through
9
do
not
address
these
counties.

Factor
1.
Emissions
in
areas
potentially
included
versus
excluded
from
the
nonattainment
area:

County
SOx
NOx
Carbon
Crustal
Composite
emissions
score
Cook
61,676
195,428
10,110
8,268
33.0
De
Kalb
445
4,885
384
1,875
1.0
Du
Page
2,990
29,479
1,731
1,229
4.9
Grundy
6,149
9,589
563
1,235
2.1
6­
337
Kane
1,395
9,490
1,047
2,326
2.8
Kankakee
551
6,628
490
1,720
1.4
Kendall
292
2,941
265
961
0.7
Lake
14,223
24,488
2,092
1,777
6.7
Mc
Henry
637
5,834
564
1,992
1.6
Will
80,847
37,518
1,447
4,120
11.7
Lake,
IN
50,110
72,142
5,708
7,588
19.5
Porter,
IN
21,601
41,315
2,702
5,587
9.2
Kenosha,
WI
33,122
27,469
770
1,236
5.4
Boone
849
2,188
215
834
0.6
Ford
219
1,462
216
1,280
0.6
Iroquois
458
4,177
452
2,290
1.3
La
Salle
2,140
13,984
845
3,352
2.5
Lee
3,978
4,793
345
1,722
1.3
Livingston
503
4,686
485
2,413
1.3
Ogle
672
4,985
335
1,536
1.1
Winnebago
1,100
10,496
656
1,405
1.9
Benton,
IN
101
1,326
215
724
0.5
Berrien,
IN
1,390
10,269
740
1,340
0.6
Jasper,
IN
34,435
23,020
668
1,838
5.2
La
Porte,
IN
10,974
19,681
826
1,643
3.3
Newton,
IN
89
1,321
160
642
0.4
Pulaski,
IN
111
1,187
196
667
0.5
St
Joseph,
IN
2,850
13,690
1,482
1,825
4.0
Starke,
IN
100
2,852
188
551
0.5
White,
IN
188
2,495
292
1,185
0.8
Racine,
WI
2,309
7,252
662
890
1.9
Walworth,
WI
866
5,693
470
908
1.3
Urban
increment:
Total
mass=
3.6
µ
g/
m3
25%
sulfates;
8%
nitrates;
65%
carbon;
2%
crustal.
Urban
site=
170310076;
6­
338
Rural
site=
BOND1
(
Bondville)

The
counties
in
Illinois
and
Indiana
that
are
being
designated
as
nonattainment
include
90%
of
the
metropolitan
area
emissions.
Kenosha
County
emissions
are
relatively
low
and
will
continue
to
decrease
as
federally
enforceable
SO2
and
NOX
controls
are
installed
at
the
Pleasant
Prairie
Power
Plant
operated
by
WE
Energies.
(
See
Factor
9.)
When
controls
are
fully
implemented
in
2008,
Kenosha
County
emissions
are
projected
to
drop
to
6,626
tons
per
year
for
SO2
and
11,727
tons
per
year
for
NOX,
based
on
maximum
allowable
emissions.
The
resulting
composite
emission
score
would
drop
from
5.4
to
2.7.

Factor
2.
Air
quality
in
potentially
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2001­
2003
Design
Value
Cook
17.3
µ
g/
m3
Du
Page
14.4
µ
g/
m3
Kane
14.2
µ
g/
m3
Lake
12.8
µ
g/
m3
Mc
Henry
12.7
µ
g/
m3
Will
12.8
µ
g/
m3
Lake,
IN
17.7
µ
g/
m3
Porter,
IN
13.8
µ
g/
m3
Kenosha,
WI
11.7
µ
g/
m3
La
Porte
13.6
µ
g/
m3
La
Salle
14.1
µ
g/
m3
Winnebago
13.6
µ
g/
m3
St
Joseph,
IN
14.3
µ
g/
m3
Berrien,
MI
12.7
µ
g/
m3
At
11.7
µ
g/
m3,
the
design
value
for
the
Kenosha
County
monitor
is
well
below
the
15
µ
g/
m3
standard,
as
is
the
design
value
for
Lake
County,
Illinois,
which
is
between
the
Kenosha
County
monitor
and
the
violating
monitor
in
Cook
County,
Illinois.

Factor
3.
Population
density
and
degree
of
urbanization
including
commercial
development
in
included
versus
excluded
areas:

County
2003
Population
Population
Density
Cook
5,377,507
5,684
6­
339
De
Kalb
91,561
144
Du
Page
924,589
2,768
Grundy
38,839
92
Kane
443,041
850
Kankakee
104,657
154
Kendall
61,222
191
Lake
674,850
1,506
Mc
Henry
277,710
460
Will
559,861
669
Lake,
IN
487,016
980
Porter,
IN
150,403
360
Kenosha,
WI
154,433
566
Factor
4.
Traffic
and
commuting
patterns:

County
County
VMT
Percent
Number
Cook
44,107,000
12
274,167
De
Kalb
729,000
31
13,894
Du
Page
6,609,000
40
186,686
Grundy
530,000
46
8,431
Kane
841,000
43
82,968
Kankakee
889,000
19
9,122
Kendall
278,000
67
19,070
Lake
3,549,000
32
100,810
Mc
Henry
792,000
47
62,415
Will
2,136,000
55
131,834
Lake,
IN
5,012,000
25
52,922
Porter,
IN
1,680,000
36
25,819
Kenosha,
WI
1,228,000
28
20,506
Factor
5.
Expected
growth:

County
Percent
growth
1990­
2000
6­
340
Cook
5
De
Kalb
14
Du
Page
16
Grundy
16
Kane
27
Kankakee
8
Kendall
38
Lake
25
Mc
Henry
42
Will
41
Lake,
IN
2
Porter,
IN
14
Kenosha,
WI
17
Factor
6.
Meteorology:

Average
percent
of
wind
direction
by
quadrant
County
Northwest
Southwest
Southeast
Northeast
Cook
26
37
16
21
De
Kalb
27
34
19
21
Du
Page
26
37
17
21
Grundy
26
36
17
21
Kane
26
35
18
21
Kankakee
25
38
17
19
Kendall
26
36
17
21
Lake
26
37
17
20
Mc
Henry
28
32
19
20
Will
26
37
17
21
Lake,
IN
25
38
17
19
Porter,
IN
25
38
18
19
Kenosha,
WI
28
35
18
20
6­
341
Approximately
72%
of
the
time,
the
prevailing
wind
direction
in
Kenosha
County
is
away
from
the
violating
monitors.

Factor
7:
Geography/
topography
The
geography/
topography
analysis
looks
at
physical
features
of
the
land
that
might
have
an
effect
on
the
airshed,
and
therefore,
the
distribution
of
particulate
matter
over
an
area.
The
State
of
Wisconsin
has
no
features
that
significantly
influenced
EPA's
intended
nonattainment
areas.

Factor
8:
Jurisdictional
boundaries
Factor
9:
Level
of
control
of
emission
sources
The
Pleasant
Prairie
Power
Plant
operated
by
WE
Energies
accounts
for
approximately
97%
of
the
SO2
and
78%
of
the
NOX
emissions
in
Kenosha
County.
The
facility
is
in
the
process
of
installing
control
equipment
on
its
two
coal­
fired
boilers
which
will
result
in
reductions
in
excess
of
80%
for
SO2
and
70%
for
NOX.
Specifically,
the
facility
is
implementing
the
following
federally
enforceable
controls1:

°
Selective
catalytic
reduction
(
SCR)
was
installed
in
2003
on
one
coal­
fired
boiler,
to
meet
an
allowable
rate
of
0.100
lb/
MMBtu
on
a
30
day
rolling
average.
This
results
in
over
a
70%
reduction
in
NOX,
comparing
2001
actual
emissions
to
allowable
emissions
as
of
January
30,
2004.

°
Contracts
have
been
awarded
for
flue
gas
desulfurization
(
FGD)
to
be
installed
for
SO2
control
on
both
of
the
facility's
coal­
fired
boilers.
Each
unit
will
be
subject
to
an
allowable
rate
of
0.100
lb/
MMBtu
on
a
30
day
rolling
average,
resulting
in
greater
than
an
80%
reduction
comparing
2001
actual
emissions
to
allowable
emissions
as
of
January
30,
2007
for
one
unit
and
January
30,
2008
for
the
other.

A
contract
is
being
finalized
to
install
SCR
on
the
remaining
coal­
fired
boiler.
NOX
emissions
will
be
controlled
to
meet
an
allowable
rate
of
0.10
lb/
MMBtu
on
a
30
day
rolling
average.
This
results
in
greater
than
70%
reductions
when
comparing
2001
actual
emissions
to
allowable
emissions
as
of
January
30,
2007.

1This
level
of
control
is
reflective
of
requirements
found
in
a
consent
decree
that
is
not
yet
final
but
is
under
review
by
a
circuit
court
judge.
The
level
of
control
is
reflected
in
a
federally
enforceable
permit.
